At A a** A A*4 ^*A A*A 4^4 A* a ^ A^» A ^A 4^4»^» »^AA^ii^ii^AA^ 
 
 FACTORY LAWS 
 
 OF 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 1901. 
 
 JBureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, 
 
 MADISON, AVIS. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS, 
 
 ANALYSIS OF POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMISSIONER 
 OF LABOR, FACTORY INSPECTOR AND ASSISTANT 
 FACTORY INSPECTORS. 
 
 ft 
 
 y 
 
 di 
 
 3 
 
 rn 
 
 r 
 
 Page. 
 
 Summary of laws which in express terms prescribe duties or 
 
 confer powers on bureau officers. 5 
 
 Office of Bureau of Labor—supplies. 11 
 
 Appointment of commissioner and assistants. 11 
 
 Commissioner’s general duties. 11 
 
 Bureau officers—Right to enter and inspect. 12 
 
 Examination of hotels, etc. 13 
 
 Posting laws. . 13 
 
 Protection of employees.*. 13 
 
 Penalty for refusal to admit. 15 
 
 Blank forms to be filled out by employers. 15 
 
 Bureau seal — oaths — witness fees ... 15 
 
 Commissioner’s report. 16 
 
 Duty of District Attorney ..... . 16 
 
 Hours of labor for women. 16 
 
 Hours labor where no contract. 17 
 
 Child labor. 17 
 
 Compulsory education. 22 
 
 Fire escapes — requirements. 22 
 
 Seats for female employees. 29 
 
 Overcrowding employees. 29 
 
 Safe-guards for employees. .....: . 29 
 
 Emei’y and other polishing wheels — suction devices- 31 
 
 Inspection of scaffolding and other building devices .... 35 
 
 Temporary floors required. . 3 7 
 
 Preservation of public health. 38 
 
 Garment making in tenements and dwellings. 38 
 
 Sweat-shops (so called) regulation. 38 
 
 Cigar making — regulation. 45 
 
 Board of health —abatement of nuisances; regulating 
 sanitary conditions. 47 
 
 
 El. 
 
4 
 
 State free employment offices.'... 
 
 Regulation of employment and intelligence offices.. 
 
 Regulating payment of wages. 
 
 Labels, trade marks and brands. 
 
 Prohibiting discrimination against labor organizations. 
 
 Employment of labor — act regulating. 
 
 Protection of street car line employees. 
 
 Combinations to injure business.. . 
 
 Blacklisting and coercion of employees. 
 
 Preventing pursuit of work. 
 
 State Board Arbitration and Concilation. 
 
 Local Boards Arbitration. 
 
 Synoptical index of acts affecting factories and work 
 
 shops. 
 
 Synoptical index of emery wheel act. 
 
 Synoptical index of garment making, etc. (so called 
 
 sweat shop act) in tenements and dwellings. 
 
 Synoptical index of act relating to cigar and cigarette 
 
 making. 
 
 Synoptical index of acts affecting hotels, lodging, board¬ 
 ing and tenement houses. 
 
 Synoptical index of acts affecting mercantile establish¬ 
 ments ..•. 
 
 Synoptical index of acts affecting opera houses, halls, 
 schools, office, storage, churches and other public 
 
 buildings. 
 
 Synoptical index of act establishing free employment 
 offices. . 
 
 5a 
 
 56 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 67 
 67 
 69 
 69 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 82 
 86 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 91 
 
— 5 — 
 
 SUMMARY OF LAWS 
 
 Delegating Powers and Prescribing Duties cf Commissioner of 
 Labor and Deputy Commissioner, Factory Inspector and 
 Assistant Factory Inspectors. 
 
 Note.—W here the state Jaws in express terms confer powers 
 upon or prescribe duties for the above officers the provisions 
 have been incorporated in the following analysis. 
 
 * 
 
 References. 
 
 CO 
 
 Wis. Statutes 
 and session 
 laws. 
 
 ® a 
 
 Hr. H 
 
 be 
 
 CB 
 
 P -1 
 
 POWERS. 
 
 Commissioner. May prescribe blank forms 
 and transmit them to employers to be filled 
 out under oath and returned to him. 
 
 §1021 i. 
 
 15 
 
 May appoint deputy, clerks, factory in¬ 
 spector and assistant factory inspectors... 
 
 Commissioner or Deputy. May administer 
 oaths, take testimony and subpoena wit¬ 
 nesses . 
 
 t021d 
 
 amended bv 
 Ch. 152, L. ’99, 
 and Ch. 409, 
 L. ’01. 
 
 11 
 
 §1021j. 
 
 15 
 
 Commissioner , Deputy or Factory Inspec¬ 
 tors. May enter any factory, mercantile 
 establishment or workshop to obtain facts 
 and to examine means of escape from fire 
 and provisions made for health and safety, 
 and for seats for females. 
 
 May examine hotels and lodging or board¬ 
 ing houses to see if equipped with fire es¬ 
 capes and may post in such places the laws 
 relating to fire escapes with his official 
 statement as to whether such laws are 
 complied with.. 
 
 §1021f 
 
 amended by 
 Ch. 158, L. ’99. 
 
 §1021g. 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 May post up in any factory or workshop 
 any laws relating to matters pertaining to 
 health and safety of artisans or that ele¬ 
 vators are unsafe and may order danger¬ 
 ous machinery enclosed or guarded. 
 
 §1021h. 
 
 13 
 
 May demand to be shown affidavits re¬ 
 quired by this act for children under six¬ 
 teen . 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 182, sec. 2. 
 
 18 
 
SUMMARY OF LAWS - Continued. 
 
 
 References. 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 Wis. Statutes 
 
 4 ^ 
 
 +* <D 
 
 fl 
 
 • 
 
 and session 
 laws. 
 
 as 
 
 Oh 0 , 
 
 May demand inspection of register of 
 names and addresses required to be kept 
 and may visit and inspect all places cov¬ 
 ered by this (child labor; act. 
 
 May demand physician’s certificate of 
 physical fitness from those who seem unfit 
 to work. 
 
 May in their descretion issue permit to 
 minors over twelve under conditions herein 
 named. 
 
 May file charges against any district attor¬ 
 ney who refuses or neglects to do his duty 
 as herein stated . 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 182, sec. 4. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 182, sec. 5. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 182, sec. 6. 
 
 § 10211 . 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 Commissioner and Factory Inspectors. May 
 require necessary changes or any process 
 of cleaning, painting or white-washing in 
 rooms under this act that they deem es 
 sential to assure freedom from stench, 
 filth and vermin or any condition liable to 
 impair health or breed disease. 
 
 May issue special written permits as here¬ 
 in required to regulate number of em¬ 
 ployes in limited air space in sweat shops 
 where there is suitable light. 
 
 May revoke license if sanitary conditions 
 improper . 
 
 May inspect and examine rooms in sweat 
 shops to ascertain if garments, etc , are 
 clean and free from contagious diseases... 
 
 May require rooms, used to make garments, 
 to be separate from and have no opening 
 into living or sleeping rooms and that no 
 such room shall contain beds, bedding or 
 cooking utensils. May require suitable 
 closet arrangements for each sex as herein 
 provided. 
 
 May demaud inspection and copy of regis¬ 
 ter of names and addresses of persons to 
 whom articles and materials are given out 
 to be made. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 3. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch 239, sec. 1. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 1. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 1. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 
 
 3. 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 42 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 4. 
 
 43 
 

 —' 7 — 
 
 SUMMARY OF LAWS - Continued. 
 
 
 References. 
 
 
 
 (12 
 
 / 
 
 
 Jd-tJ 
 
 
 W 7 is. Statutes 
 
 ^ <D 
 
 
 and session 
 
 ft 
 
 
 laws. 
 
 ffi a 
 60 £ 
 
 
 
 cl a 5 
 
 cl, a 
 
 Factory Inspectors. May enforce all the pro 
 visions of this (Cigar Factory) act. 
 
 DUTIES. 
 
 Duties Generally. 
 
 Commissioner. Shall collect, collate and 
 publish information relating to labor and 
 the material resources of the state. 
 
 Shall examine into relation between capi¬ 
 tal and labor and causes of labor troubles 
 
 Shall examine into employment of women 
 and children and hours of labor. 
 
 Shall examine into the protection of life 
 and health and means of escape from fac¬ 
 tories and shops. 
 
 Shall examine into educational, sanitary, 
 moral, and financial condition of workers. 
 
 Shall examine into cost of all necessaries 
 of life and all kindred subjects pertaining 
 ' to the welfare of industrial interests and 
 classes. 
 
 ’ Shall make a biennial report to the gov¬ 
 ernor . 
 
 Shall prepare and furnish blank applica¬ 
 tions for licenses. 
 
 Commissioner shall have posted a new 
 statement setting forth the fact when noti¬ 
 fied that hotels, lodging or boarding 
 houses, are equipped with fire escapes .... 
 
 Shall recommend to the governor for ap¬ 
 pointment a superintendent for free em¬ 
 ployment offices as herein provided for.... 
 
 Shall cause to be printed on Saturday of 
 each week a sheet showing lists received 
 from each of such employment offices and 
 shall mail copies to each superintendent 
 and factory inspector as herein provided.. 
 
 Laws of ’99 
 Ch. 79, sec. 9. 
 
 §1021e 
 
 §1021e 
 
 §1021e 
 
 Sl021e 
 
 §1021e 
 
 §1021e 
 
 11 
 
 §1021k 
 
 16 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 1. 
 
 39 
 
 §102lg 
 
 13 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 
 50 
 
 Ch. 420, sec. 2. 
 
 51 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 
 
 47 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 Ch, 420, sec. 4. 
 
 52 
 
SUMMARY OF LAWS - Continued. 
 
 References. 
 
 « 
 
 CO 
 
 Wis. Statutes 
 and session 
 laws. 
 
 •a « 
 
 T5 
 
 .22 
 
 CU 
 
 &a 
 
 cS cS 
 Oh ft 
 
 r 
 
 Shall publish annual reports of each such 
 superintendent... 
 
 Comm^issioner, Deputy or Factory Inspect¬ 
 ors. Shall give facts to District Attorney if 
 offense or neglect is not remedied in thirty 
 days after written notice. 
 
 Shall give written notice to owner or oc¬ 
 cupant where laws herein referred to are 
 violated. 
 
 Shall keep a record of building examined 
 as to fire escapes, etc., and posted. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Oh. 420, sec. 4. 
 
 §l021f 
 
 amended by 
 Ch. 158, ’99. 
 
 §1021f 
 
 amended by 
 Ch. 158, ’99. 
 
 §1021g. 
 
 52 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Shall examine freight and passenger ele¬ 
 vators and condemn those defective by ser¬ 
 ving or posting written notice as herein 
 provided. 
 
 §102lh 
 
 13 
 
 Shall see that in every manufacturing es¬ 
 tablishment speaking ( tubes or electric 
 bells connect engineer’s room with rooms 
 where machinery is operated and shall 
 give notice to the proper party who fails to 
 provide such means of communication .... 
 
 §l021h 
 
 13 
 
 Commissioner and Factory Inspectors. Shall 
 enforce the provisions as to fire escapes... 
 
 After ninety days written notice shall file 
 written statement with the district attor¬ 
 ney in cases where fire escape laws are vio¬ 
 lated. 
 
 Shall visit and inspect places and enforce 
 provisions covered by this (child labor) 
 law and prosecute violations of it. 
 
 Shall make an inspection of rooms where 
 license is applied ’or and grant a license if 
 conditions are as herein provided. 
 
 Shall report to the local Board of Health 
 when he finds unsanitary conditions in 
 rooms used for making goods named in 
 this act. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 349, sec. 4. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 349, sec. 4. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 182, sec. 4. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 1. 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 5. 
 
 43 
 
SUMMARY OF LAWS - Continued 
 
 References. 
 
 Wis. Statutes 
 and session 
 laws. 
 
 .d • 
 w © 
 .33 
 
 CD 2* 
 
 be S 
 
 «J ctf 
 CL ft 
 
 Shall notify owner or agent if rooms or 
 apartments are unlawfully used as herein 
 provided for. 
 
 Factory Inspectors. Shall make a complaint 
 in writing before a police justice or magis¬ 
 trate if persons operating such factories 
 or work shops have failed to comply with 
 this act regulating operation of emery 
 wheels, etc.... 
 
 Shall enforce provisions of this act regulat¬ 
 ing manufacture of cigars and shall notify 
 employers in writing thirty days before 
 prosecution of violation of sections 2, 3, 
 and 4 as herein provided . 
 
 Shall cause an inspection to be made of 
 scaffolding and other devices used in 
 construction and repairing of buildings 
 when complaint is made of unsafe condi¬ 
 tions . 
 
 Shall prohibit the use thereof if unsafe. 
 Require the same to be altered to avoid 
 danger.and notify persons responsible. 
 
 Shall attach certificate that examination 
 has been made as herein provided. 
 
 Shall do all he reasonably can to assist in 
 securing positions for applicants.. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 239, sec. 6. 
 
 Laws of ’99 
 
 Ch. 189. 
 
 Laws of ’99 
 Ch. 79, sec. 9. 
 
 Laws of '01 
 Ch. 257, sec. 2. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 257, sec. 2. 
 
 Laws of '01 
 Ch. 257, sec. 2. 
 
 Laws of ’01 
 Ch. 420. sec. 4. 
 
 44 
 
 34 
 
 47 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 53 
 
INSPECTION AND LABOR LAWS. 
 
 Statutes of 1898 and Acts of 1899 and 1901 
 Relating to the 
 
 [ 
 
 Office and Supplies. —Section 1021b. The bureau 
 of labor and industrial statistics, heretofore estab¬ 
 lished, is continued. A room or rooms in the capi- 
 tol shall be set apart for the use thereof, and such 
 printing shall be done for and such supplies fur¬ 
 nished the same as may be necessary for the per¬ 
 formance of the duties devolved upon the officers 
 thereof. 
 
 Appointment of Commissioner. — Section 1021c re¬ 
 lates to the appointment and term of office of the 
 commissioner of this bureau. 
 
 Assistants For. —Section I021d, amended by Ch. 
 352, L. ’99, and Ch. 409, L. ’01, authorizes the com¬ 
 missioner to appoint a deputy, clerks, factory in¬ 
 spector and seven assistant factory inspectors, one 
 of whom shall be a woman. 
 
 Commissioner’s Duties. —Section 1021e. Said 
 commissioner shall collect, collate and publish statis- 
 tical and other information relating to the manu¬ 
 facturing interests, industrial classes and material 
 resources of the state; he shall especially examine 
 
—12— 
 
 into the relations between labor and capital, the 
 means of escape from, and the protection of life 
 and health in, factories and workshops, the employ¬ 
 ment of children, the number of hours of labor ex¬ 
 acted from them and from women, the educational, 
 sanitary, moral, financial condition of laborers and 
 artisans, the cost of food, fuel, clothing and build¬ 
 ing material, the causes of strikes and lockouts, and 
 other kindred subjects pertaining to the welfare 
 of the industrial interests and classes. 
 
 Chapter 158, Laws of 1899. 
 
 (Amending section 1021f of statutes of 1898.) 
 
 Inspector May Enter Factory, Mercantile Estab¬ 
 lishment, or Workshop. —Section 1021f. The commis¬ 
 sioner, his deputy, the factory inspector, and the 
 assistant factory inspectors, may enter any factory, 
 mercantile establishment or workshop in which, la¬ 
 borers or women are employed, for the purpose of 
 obtaining facts and statistics, examining the means 
 of escape therefrom in case of fire and the pro¬ 
 visions made for the health and safety of opera¬ 
 tives or for suitable seats for women therein. If 
 any such officer shall learn of any violation of or 
 neglect to comply with the law in respect to the 
 employment of children, the hours of labor for 
 them or for women, or in reference to fire escapes 
 or the safety of employes, or such seats for women, 
 he shall give written notice to the owner or occu¬ 
 pant of such factory, mercantile establishment or 
 workshop, of such offense or neglect, and if the same 
 is not remedied within thirty days after the service 
 of such notice such officer shall give the district 
 
- 13 - 
 
 attorney of the county in which such factory, mer¬ 
 cantile establishment or workshop is situated, formal 
 notice of the facts, whereupon that officer shall im- 
 immediatfely institute the proper proceedings against 
 the person guilty of such offense or neglect. 
 
 Section 2. This act shall take effect and be in 
 force from and after its passage and publication. 
 
 Examine Hotels, etc.; See that Laws are Posted.— 
 Section 1021g. Any such officer may examine hotels 
 and lodging or boarding houses for the purpose of 
 discovering whether they are properly equipped with 
 fire escapes, and may post in any such building so 
 examined the laws relating to such escapes together 
 with his official statement as to whether said laws 
 are fully complied with by the keeper thereof; and 
 any such keeper or other person who shall mutilate, 
 destroy or remove from any building or buildings the 
 said laws or statement so posted shall be fined 
 fifty dollars for each and every offense. Whenever 
 any hotel, lodging or boarding house posted as not 
 complying with such laws shall be properly provided 
 and equipped with fire escapes and the bureau 
 shall be notified thereof the commissioner shall at 
 once order a new statement, setting forth that fact, 
 to be posted therein, and he shall keep a record 
 of all buildings so examined and posted. 
 
 Post Laws; Protection of Employes. —Section 
 1021h. Any officer of the bureau may post in any 
 factory or workshop examined by him the laws re¬ 
 lating to the employment of children therein, hours 
 of labor, fire-escapes or other matters pertaining 
 to the health and safety of artisans; any person who 
 shall remove or mutilate such laws so posted shall 
 be fined fifty dollars for each offense. Any such of¬ 
 ficer may order bull-wheels, fly-wheels, tumbling rods, 
 
14 
 
 elevator wells, stairways, shafting or dangerous 
 machinery of any kind to be enclosed or otherwise 
 guarded so as to protect workmen or others; and any 
 person refusing to obey the written order of such of¬ 
 ficer to such effect shall be fined fifty dollars for 
 each such refusal. It shall be the duty of such of¬ 
 ficers to examine freight and passenger elevators and 
 to condemn those found to be defective and unsafe 
 by serving written notice on the person for whom 
 
 it is being operated or on his agent, or by posting 
 
 . • 
 
 such notice on the walls or cab of any elevator found 
 to be in an unsafe condition; the owner of any ele¬ 
 vator so condemned, or the person for whom it is 
 being operated, shall, by continuing the use thereof 
 without making such repairs as will place it in a 
 safe condition, be liable, civilly and criminally, for 
 any physical injury caused by such use, whether such 
 injury results in the death of the person injured 
 or not. It is also the duty 'of such officers, when in 
 their judgment it may be necessary, to see that in 
 every manufacturing establishment, the machinery 
 which is propelled by steam power, communica¬ 
 tion, by means of speaking tubes or electric bells, 
 shall be provided between each room in which ma¬ 
 chinery so operated is placed and the room in which 
 the engineer is stationed. Any person occupying as 
 owner, lessee or manager any manufacturing estab¬ 
 lishment where machinery so operated, is used, or 
 controlling the use of any building or room in which 
 machinery propelled by steam is used, who shall fail 
 to provide such means of communication shall be 
 fined not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty 
 dollars but no prosecution shall be commenced for 
 such violation until thirty days after written notice 
 has been given by one of the officers designated in 
 
—15 
 
 this chapter to such person of the changes necessary 
 to be made to comply with the provisions hereof, 
 nor then, if, in the meantime, changes have been 
 made in accordance with such notice. 
 
 Refusing Admittance and Failing to Make Returns; 
 Penalty. —Section 1021i. The said commissioner 
 shall have power to prescribe blank forms and trans¬ 
 mit them to employers, which shall be filled out 
 clearly and completely, under oath, by the persons to 
 whom they are sent, with the facts, statistics and 
 statements asked for, and returned to him within such 
 reasonable time as he may fix. In case any owner 
 or occupant or his agent shall refuse to admit any 
 officer of the said bureau to his workshop or factory, 
 he shall forfeit the sum of ten dollars for each and 
 every offense, and if he shall through his agent or 
 otherwise, neglect, fail or refuse to fill out the said 
 blank forms and verify and return them as required, 
 he shall forfeit the sum of ten dollars for each and 
 every day the said blank may be so delayed beyond 
 the time fixed by the commissioner for their return. 
 The fines authorized by this chapter shall be sued for 
 in the name of the state by the district attorney of 
 the proper county upon complaint of any officer of 
 said bureau or any citizen, and shall be paid into 
 the school fund. 
 
 Seal; Oaths; Witness Fees. —Section 1021j. There 
 shall be provided a seal of office for the use of the 
 bureau and the commissioner or his deputy, for the 
 purpose of making any investigation contemplated 
 by this act, shall have the power to administer 
 oaths, take testimony and subpoena witnesses, which 
 witnesses shall receive the same fees as are allowed 
 to persons testifying in circuit courts, to be paid 
 out of the state treasury on the certificate of the 
 
— 16 — 
 
 commisioper or his deputy; provided, however, that 
 no person subpoenaed by the said commissioner or 
 his deputy shall be compelled to go outside of the 
 city or town in which he resides to testify in behalf 
 of such investigation. 
 
 Report.—Section 1021k. The commissioner shall 
 make a report to the governor within ten days 
 after the expiration of the biennial fiscal term, 
 which report shall be printed and bound as pro¬ 
 vided by law. 
 
 Duty of District Attorney.—Section 10211. When¬ 
 ever any officer of the bureau of labor and industrial 
 statistics shall give written notice to any district 
 attorney that any hotel, factory, public building or 
 any other structure in his county is being used with¬ 
 out fire-escapes, watchmen or other means or safety 
 prescribed by law, including means of communica¬ 
 tion betweens the rooms of manufacturing establish¬ 
 ments as prescribed in section 1021h, such district at¬ 
 torney' shall at once institute the proper proceeding 
 against the offender, and without the aid or presence 
 of any such officer do all that may be necessary to 
 secure a determination of the guilt or innocence of 
 the person complained of; and in case such district 
 attorney shall refuse or neglect so to do any officer 
 of such bureau may file charges against him and de¬ 
 mand his removal from office. 
 
 Hours of Labor for Women.—Section 1728. In all 
 manufactories, workshops or other places used for 
 mechanical or manufacturing purposes the time of 
 labor of children under the age of eighteen years 
 and of women employed therein shall not exceed 
 eight hours in one day; and any employer, stock¬ 
 holder, director, overseer, clerk or foreman who shall 
 compel any woman or any such child to labor ex- 
 
—17 
 
 ceeding eight hours in any one day, or who shall 
 permit any child under 14 years of age to labor 
 more than ten hours in any one day in any such 
 place, if he shall have control over such child suf¬ 
 ficient to prevent it, or who shall employ at manual 
 labor any child under 12 years of age in any fac¬ 
 tory or workshop where more than three persons 
 are employed, or who shall employ any child of 12 
 and under 14 years of age in any such factory or 
 workshop for more than seven months in any one 
 year shall be punished by fine not less than five nor 
 more than fifty dollars for each such offense. 
 
 Note. —All the above section is repealed by chap¬ 
 ter 274 of the laws of 1899, except that part relating 
 to women. Commonwealth vs. Hamilton, 120 Mass., 
 383. 
 
 Eight Hours a Day’s Work when.—Section 1729. 
 In all engagements to labor in any manufacturing 
 or mechanical business where there is no express 
 contract to the contrary, a day’s work shall consist of 
 eight hours and all engagements or contracts for 
 labor in such cases shall be so construed, but this 
 shall not apply to any contract for labor by the week, 
 month, or year. Holden vs. Hardy, 169 IT. S., 366; 
 Commonwealth vs. Hamilton Mfg. Co., 120 Mass., 
 383; U. S. vs. Matten, 94 U. S., 404. 
 
 CHILD LABOR LAW. 
 
 Chapter 274, Laws of 1899. 
 
 (As amended by chapter 182 of the laws of 1901.) 
 
 Age, Employment.—Section 1. No child under 
 fourteen years of age shall be employed at any time 
 in any factory or workshop, bowling alley, bar room, 
 
18 
 
 beer garden, or in or about any mine. No sucli 
 child shall be employed in any merchantile estab¬ 
 lishment, laundry, or in the telegraph, telephone or 
 public messenger service, except during the vacation 
 of the public schools in the town, district or city 
 where such child is employed. 
 
 Register; Affidavit.—Section 2. It shall be the 
 duty of every person, firm or corporation, agent or 
 manager of any firm or corporation, employing 
 minors in any mercantile establishment, store, of¬ 
 fice, laundry, manufacturing establishment, factory 
 or workshop, bowling alley, bar room, beer garden, 
 or in the telegraph, telephone or public messenger 
 service within this state to keep a register in said 
 mercantile establishment, store, office, laundry, man¬ 
 ufacturing establishment, factory or workshop, bowl¬ 
 ing alley, bar room, beer garden, in which said 
 minors shall be employed or permitted or suffered to 
 work, in which register shall be recorded the name, 
 age, date of birth, place of residence of every child 
 employed or permitted or suffered to work therein 
 under the age of sixteen years, and it shall be unlaw¬ 
 ful for any person, firm or corporation, agent or 
 manager of any firm or corporation to hire or em¬ 
 ploy or to permit or suffer to work in any mercantile 
 establishment, store, office, laundry, manufacturing 
 establishment, factory or workshop, bowling alley, 
 bar room, beer garden, telegraph, telephone or public 
 messenger service, any child under the age of sixteen 
 years unless there is first provided and placed on file 
 in such mercantile establishment, store, office, laun¬ 
 dry, manufacturing establishment, factory or work- 
 shop, bowling alley, bar room, beer garden, an af¬ 
 fidavit, made by the parent stating the name, date 
 and place of birth and name and place of the school 
 
ID- 
 
 attended by such child. If such child have no 
 parents or guardian, then such affidavit shall be 
 made by the child, and the register and affidavit here¬ 
 in provided for shall, on demand, be produced and 
 shown to factory inspection, to the factory inspector, 
 assistant factory inspectors or any officer of the 
 bureau of labor and industrial statistics. 
 
 Ten Hours a Day. —Section 3. No person under 
 the age of sixteen years shall be employed, required 
 permitted or suffered to work for wages at any gain¬ 
 ful occupation longer than ten hours in any one day, 
 nor more than six days in any one week, nor after 
 the hour of nine at night nor before the hour of six 
 in the morning. 
 
 Duty of Commissioner and Factory Inspectors.— 
 
 Section 4. It shall be the duty of the commissioner 
 of labor, the factory or assistant factory inspectors , 
 to enforce the provisions of this act, and to prosecute 
 violations of the same before any court of competent 
 jurisdiction in this state. It shall be the duty of the 
 said commissioner of labor or the factory or assist¬ 
 ant factory inspectors, and they are hereby author¬ 
 ized and empowered to visit and inspect, at all reason¬ 
 able times, and as often as possible, all places covered 
 by this act. 
 
 Certificate of Physical Fitness. —Section 5. The 
 commissioner of labor, the factory or assistant fac¬ 
 tory inspectors shall have the power to demand a cer- 
 ficate of physical fitness, from some regularly li¬ 
 censed physician, in the case of children who may 
 seem physically unable to perform the labor at which 
 they may be employed, and no minor shall be em¬ 
 ployed who cannot obtain such a certificate. 
 
 Permit. —Section 6. Whenever it appears upon 
 due examination that the labor of any minor over 
 
—20 
 
 twelve years of age, who would be debarred from em¬ 
 ployment under the provisions of section 1 and sec¬ 
 tion 3 of this act is necessary for the support of the 
 family to which said child belongs or for its own 
 support, the county judge of the county where said 
 child resides, the commissioner of labor or any fac¬ 
 tory or assistant factory inspector may in the exer¬ 
 cise of their discretion issue, free of charge, a per¬ 
 mit or excuse authorizing the employment of such 
 minor within such time or times as they may fix. 
 
 Who to run Elevator. —Section 7. No firm, person 
 or corporation shall employ or permit any child 
 under sixteen years of age to have the care, custody, 
 management or operation of any elevator. 
 
 Construction of Words. —Section 8. The words 
 “manufacturing establishment,” “factory” or “work¬ 
 shop” as used in this act, shall be construed to mean 
 any place where goods or products are manufactured 
 or repaired, dyed, cleaned or sorted, stored or packed, 
 in whole or in part, for sale or for wages, and not 
 for the personal use of the maker or his or her 
 family or employer. 
 
 Inspection; Penalty. —Section 9. Any person, firm 
 or corporation, agent or manager of any corpora¬ 
 tion who whether for himself or for such firm or 
 corporation or by himself or through agents, servants 
 or foremen, shall violate or fail to comply with any 
 of the provisions of this act or shall hinder or delay 
 the commissioner of labor, the factory or assistant 
 factory inspectors or any or either of them in the 
 performance of their duty or refuse to admit or 
 shut or lock them out from any place required to he 
 inspected by this act shall be deemed guilty of a 
 misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall he 
 fined not less than ten dollars nor more than one 
 
-21- 
 
 hundred dollars for each offense. Any corporation 
 which by its agents, officers or servants, shall vio¬ 
 late or fail to comply with any of the provisions 
 of this act shall be liable to the above penalties, 
 ■which may be recovered against such corporations in 
 an action for debt or assumpsit brought before any 
 court of competent jurisdiction in this state. 
 
 Parent or Guardian; Penalty. —Section 10. Any 
 parent or guardian who suffers or permits a child 
 to be employed or suffered or permitted to work in 
 violation of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor 
 and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less 
 than five nor more than twenty-five dollars. 
 
 Section 11. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent 
 ■with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. 
 
 Care and Custody. —Section 4587a. Any person 
 having the care, custody, control of any child under 
 the age of fourteen years who shall exhibit, use or 
 employ, or in any manner or under any pretense 
 sell, apprentice, give away, let out or otherwise dis¬ 
 pose of such child to any person for any obscene, 
 indecent or immoral purpose, exhibition or practice, 
 or for any business, exhibition or vocation injurious 
 to the health or dangerous to the life or limb of such 
 child, or w T ho shall cause, procure or encourage any 
 such child to engage therein, or any person who shall 
 take, receive, hire, employ, use, exhibit or have in 
 custody any such child for any such purpose shall 
 be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not 
 exceeding six months or by a fine of not more than 
 one hundred dollars or by both imprisonment and 
 fine. People vs. Ewer, 141 N. Y., 127; Miles Mer- 
 kett vs. Chatterton, 13 R. L., 299; Evans vs. Iron 
 Co., 42 Fed. Rep., 59; Parker and Worthington on 
 Public Health, sec. 260; Cooley vs. Cons’t Lim., 745. 
 
Chapter 251 of the Laws of 1901 Amending Chapter 
 
 439a. 
 
 Relating to the compulsory education of school 
 
 children. 
 
 Attendance. —Section 439a. Any person having 
 under his control any child between the ages of 
 seven and fourteen years shall cause such child to 
 attend some public or private school for at least 
 twelve weeks in each school year; provided, that this 
 section shall not apply to any child who is being 
 otherwise instructed in the elementary branches of 
 learning for a like period, or who has already ac¬ 
 quired such knowledge, or whose mental or physical 
 condition is such as to render his attendance at 
 school and application to study inexpedient or im¬ 
 practicable, or who lives more than two miles from 
 any school by the nearest traveled road, or who is 
 excused for sufficient reasons by any court of record. 
 Any person who shall violate the provisions of this 
 section shall forfeit not less than three dollars nor 
 more than twenty dollars for each offenseT State 
 Board vs. Wood, 54 L. J. M. C., 145; Vermont Col¬ 
 lege vs. Chandler, 2 Vt., 683. 
 
 Chapter 349, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Providing for fire escapes on buildings. 
 
 Buildings; what required. —Section 1. Every inn, 
 hotel, boarding house, store-house, tenement house, 
 every building now or hereafter used, in whole or in 
 part, as a public building, public or private insti¬ 
 tution, office or store building, school house, theatre, 
 public hall, place of assemblage, or place of public 
 resort more than two stories high and containing 
 
above the ground floor, sleeping apartments, offices, 
 an assembly hall, work rooms or a room intended to 
 be used as a place of amusement, all or any of which 
 rooms are designed for occupancy by twenty-five or 
 more persons shall be provided with one or more 
 fire proof stairways or ladders on the outside there¬ 
 of, placed in such position and as many in number 
 as may be designated by the chief of the fire de¬ 
 partment or fire marshal of the village or city in 
 which the building is located, or by the state factory 
 inspector. If more than one stairway or ladder is 
 required, each side of such inn, hotel, boarding 
 house store-house, tenement building, every building 
 now or hereafter used, in whole or in part as a 
 public building, public or private institution, office 
 or store building, school house, theatre, public hall, 
 place of assemblage or place of public resort shall be 
 provided therewith. Such stairways or ladders shall 
 connect the cornice with the top of the first story 
 of any such building by a wrought iron platform, 
 balcony, piazza or other safe and convenient rest¬ 
 ing place on a level with the floor of each story so 
 connected, and of sufficient length to permit access 
 to the same from not less than two windows of each 
 story; they shall be convenient of access from 
 the interior of the building, commodious in size 
 and form and of sufficient strength to be safe for the 
 purpose of ascent and descent. In cities and vil¬ 
 lages where there is a water supply for fire purposes, 
 there shall be attached to such stairs or ladders a 
 three-inch wrought iron stand pipe extending from a 
 point within five feet of the ground to a point three 
 feet above the roof or cornice at each story above 
 the first and on the roof there shall be attached a 
 two and one-half inch angle hose valve with male 
 
—24 
 
 hose connection, and a double or Siamese “Y” female 
 hose connection at the base of the pipe, with threads 
 to conform to the size and pattern used by the fire 
 department where the building is located. 
 
 Elevator Walls.—-Section 2. The inside walls or 
 casings of every elevator used for the conveyance 
 of passengers to and from the upper stories of any 
 such building as is within the preceding section, 
 shall be constructed of fire proof material through¬ 
 out. 
 
 Watchman; Red Light.—Section 3. In all such 
 
 buildings as are described in section 1, which con¬ 
 tain one hundred rooms or more, not less than one 
 efficient watchman shall be on duty from 10 o’clock 
 p. m. until 5 o’clock a. m. during each and every 
 night that any such building is occupied. There 
 shall be posted in every room in every building 
 designated in said section, in legible print a brief and 
 accurate statement of all means of safety and escape 
 therefrom in case of fire, and a red light shall be 
 kept burning all night at the head of each stairway 
 above the first floor, also on each floor above the 
 first, at or near the exit to such fireproof stairway 
 or ladder. 
 
 Who to Enforce.—Section 4. It shall be the duty 
 of the commissioner of labor, factory inspector, 
 assistant factory inspectors, chief or marshal 
 of the fire department of every city or village 
 to enforce the provisions .of the foregoing sections. 
 Any person who shall fail to comply with the 
 provisions of said sections within ninety days after 
 being notified in writing to do so by either of said 
 officers whose duty it may be to give notice, shall bo 
 punished according to law. Said commissioner of 
 labor, factory inspector, assistant factory inspectors, 
 
- 25 - 
 
 chief or marshal upon receiving notice or obtaining 
 knowledge that any person within his jurisdiction 
 has not so complied with said provisions, shall file 
 a written statement to that effect with the proper 
 district attorney, which being done, he shall prose¬ 
 cute such person. 
 
 Penalty. —Section 5. The owner, tenant, or other 
 person in charge of any building within either of 
 the four next preceding sections, who shall fail or 
 neglect, after written notice has been given him in 
 accordance with the next preceding section, to com¬ 
 ply with any of the provisions of said sections, which 
 are applicable to the building owned, leased or in his 
 charge, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and 
 be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dol¬ 
 lars or by imprisonment in the county jail not longer 
 than ninety days. 
 
 Repealing Clause. —Section 6. The section con¬ 
 sisting of printed matter in brevier type and enclosed 
 in brackets at the top of page 1187 of the statutes 
 of 189S and designated as section 1636ee, in section 
 25 of chapter 351 of the laws of 1899, and section 
 1636f, section 1636g, section 1636h, and section 1636i, 
 of the statutes of 1898, are hereby repealed. 
 
 FIRE ESCAPES ON FACTORIES, ETC, 
 
 Buildings three or more stories high; Penalty.— 
 
 Section 4390a. Every person or corporation owning, 
 occupying or controlling any factory, workshop or 
 structure three or more stories high, except such as 
 are included in the next preceding section, in wiiich 
 twenty-five or more persons are employed at any kind 
 of labor, shall provide and keep connected with the 
 same one or more good and substantial metallic or 
 
fire-proof ladders, stairs or stairways, ready for use 
 at all times, reaching from the cornice to the top of 
 the first story, and placed on the outside thereof in 
 in such position and number as may be designated 
 by the chief of the fire department or fire marshal 
 of the city or village in which such structure is sit¬ 
 uated, or by the state factory inspector, and at each 
 story above the first a wrought iron balcony in con¬ 
 nection with such ladder, such balcony to be substan¬ 
 tially attached to the structure, and of such length 
 as to permit of access to it from two or more win¬ 
 dows on each story, and of sufficient size to furnish 
 reasonable means of escape to the persons employed 
 therein from each and every floor or story above 
 the first; and in all cities and villages where there 
 is a water supply, either from water-works, fire‘en¬ 
 gines or pumping station, there shall be attached to 
 such fire-escape, except on structures equipped with 
 automatic sprinklers, a three-inch wrought iron 
 standpipe extending from a point within five feet 
 from the ground to a point three feet above the roof 
 or cornice, and on the roof shall be attached to a two 
 and one-half inch angle hose valve, with male hose 
 connection and a double or Siamese “Y” female hose 
 connection at the base of the pipe, the threads of 
 which shall conform to the size and pattern used by 
 the fire department where the structure is located. 
 Any such person or corporation who shall fail, for 
 three months after the receipt of notice in writing, 
 stating the substance of the provisions of this sec¬ 
 tion, from such chief, marshal or inspector to pro¬ 
 vide and keep such means of escape or such standpipe 
 shall be punished by fine not exceeding one hundred 
 dollars. 
 
Chapter 173, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Providing for the regulation of hotels, inns, and 
 puDlic lodging houses. 
 
 Hempen Rope. —Section 1. Every bed-room "or 
 sleeping apartment fronting on a street, alley, yard, 
 or other vacant ground, or any other than the ground 
 floor, of any hotel, inn or public lodging house, shall 
 be supplied with, and there shall be kept at all times, 
 in plain sight and securely attached therein, a hempen 
 rope of not less than one-half inch in diameter of 
 sufficient length to reach to the ground outside, of 
 sufficient strength to sustain a w'eight of at least five 
 hundred pounds. 
 
 Exception. —Section 2. Any hotel, inn or public 
 lodging house supplied with suitable and sufficient 
 fire-escapes, approved by the state factory inspector, 
 shall not be subject to the provisions of section 1 
 of this act. 
 
 Penalty.— Section 3. Any person keeping, main¬ 
 taining or managing any hotel, inn or public lodging 
 house, or place where sleeping accommodations are 
 furnished to the public, in violation of any of the 
 provisions of this act, shall be guilty of a misde¬ 
 meanor, and, on conviction thereof, be punished by 
 a fine of not less than twenty five dollars nor more 
 than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the 
 common jail not less than thirty days nor more than 
 ninety days, or both, in the discretion of the court. 
 
 Chapter 380, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Amending section 4390 of the statutes of 1898 
 relating to doors that shall swing outwardly. 
 
 Doors to swing out; Storm Doors. —Section 4390. 
 Every building now or hereafter used, in whole or 
 
— 28 - 
 
 in part, as a public building, public or private insti¬ 
 tution, hotel, inn, schoolhouse, church, public hall, 
 place of assemblage, or place of public resort, factory 
 or workshop, opera house or office building must be 
 provided with outer doors that shall open or swing 
 outwardly, and when storm doors are used at the 
 entrance of any such building, either inside or out¬ 
 side, said storm doors shall have a glass therein not 
 less than fifteen inches square, which glass shall be 
 not less than four feet from the floor or approach, 
 unless the commissioner of labor and industrial sta¬ 
 tistics, the factory inspector or (any) assistant facto¬ 
 ry inspector in his judgment shall deem it otherwise. 
 Any owner, tenant, corporation, person or persons 
 in charge of any of the above named buildings, who 
 shall fail to comply with this section or provide the 
 same with fire-escapes according to law, or any 
 architect who shall prepare plans for any building 
 which is required by law to be provided with such 
 doors or fire-escapes, without providing in such plans 
 for the same shall be punished by a fine not exceed¬ 
 ing five hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the 
 county jail not longer than ninety days. 
 
 Department of Buildings vs. Field, 42 N. Y. Supp., 
 691; Fire Dept, of the City of New York vs. Chap¬ 
 man, 10 Dally, 377; Wiley vs. Mulledy, 78 N. Y., 310; 
 Wesley City vs. Healy, 84 Ill., 126; Schott vs. Harvey, 
 105 Penn. St., 222. 
 
 Hotel Keepers not to receive charges; Penalty.—• 
 
 Section 1729. Every hotel or inn keeper who keeps 
 a hotel or inn such as is described (in chapter 349, of 
 laws of 1901) who fails to comply with the provisions 
 thereof shall not receive or recover any charges what¬ 
 ever from any objecting traveler, boarder or guest 
 
29 — 
 
 occupying a room above the second floor of his hotel 
 .or inn and shall be liable to the penalty prescribed 
 in section 1636j. 
 
 Grant vs. Slater M. & P. Co., 14 R. I., 380. 
 
 Chapter 77, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Requiring employers of females in any manufactur¬ 
 ing, mechanical or mercantile establishment to 
 furnish seats for the use of such females when 
 not on active duty. 
 
 Seats for Females. —Section 1. Every person or 
 corporation employing females in any manufacturing, 
 mechanical or mercantile establishment in the state 
 of Wisconsin shall provide suitable seats for the fe¬ 
 males so employed, and shall permit the use of such 
 seats by them when they are not necessarily engaged 
 in the active duties for which they are employed. 
 
 Section 2. Any person or corporation who shall 
 violate the provisions of this act shall, upon convic¬ 
 tion thereof, be considered guilty of a misdemeanor 
 and shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten 
 dollars, nor more than thirty dollars for each and 
 every offence. 
 
 Parker & Worthington on Public Health, sec. 260. 
 Cooley on Const. Lim., 745. 
 
 State vs. Considine, 83 Fed. Rep., 157. 
 Commonwealth vs. Hamilton Mfg. Co., 120 Mass., 
 383. 
 
 Overcrowding Employes; Safeguards for Ma¬ 
 chinery, etc. —Section 1636j. No person or corpora¬ 
 tion shall employ and put to work in any factory, 
 workshop or other place where labor is performed, 
 or in any part of any such place, a larger number 
 of persons than can be kept at work there without 
 
- 30 - 
 
 doing violence to the laws of health. The local board 
 of health shall have power to determine any ques¬ 
 tion arising under this provision, and its written 
 determination shall be conclusive upon all parties 
 to any action or proceeding under the same. The 
 
 owner or manager of every place where persons are i 
 
 7* 
 
 employed to perform labor shall surround every sta- \ 
 tionary vat, pan or other vessel into which molten 
 metal or hot liquids are poured or kept with proper 
 safeguards for the protection of his employes, and all 
 belting, shafting, gearing, hoists, fly-wheels, elevators 
 and drums therein which are so located as to be 
 dangerous to employes in the discharge of their duty 
 shall be securely guarded or fenced. Any person or 
 corporation which shall neglect for thirty days after 
 the receipt of written notice from the state factory 
 inspector to provide a suitable place for the persons 
 employed by him to work in or who shall fail to 
 make and maintain such safeguards as this section 
 requires and as said inspector shall specify, shall for¬ 
 feit not to exceed twenty-five dollars for each offense, 
 and every day’s neglect or failure, after a conviction j 
 hereunder, shall constitute a separate offense. 
 
 Thompson vs. Allis Co., 89 Wis., 523. * 
 
 Cayzer vs. Taylor, 10 Gray (Mass.), 274. 
 
 Durrant vs. Lexington Coal Mining Co., 97 Mo., C2. 
 
 Samuel McRichards vs. Flint, 114 N. Y., 222. 
 
 The Litchfield Coal Co. vs. Taylor, 81 Ill., 590. 
 
31 
 
 SUCTION DEVICES ON EMERY WHEELS, ETC. 
 
 I 
 
 Chapter 189, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Regulating the operation and use of emery wheels 
 or emery belts of all kinds in factories or work¬ 
 shops, and prescribing a penalty for the violation 
 thereof. 
 
 . Places affected; Exception. —Section 1. That all 
 persons, companies or corporations operating any 
 factory or workshop where emery wheels or emery 
 belts of any description are used for polishing, either 
 solid emery, leather, leather covered, felt, canvas, 
 linen, paper, cotton, or wheels or belts rolled or 
 coated with emery or corundum, or cotton wheels 
 used as buffs, shall, when deemed necessary, by the 
 factory inspector, assistant factory inspector, or any 
 officers of the bureau of labor, provide such polish¬ 
 ing wheels or belts with blowers or similar appara¬ 
 tus, which shall be placed over, beside or under such 
 ■wheels or belts in such manner as to protect the 
 person or persons using the same from the particles 
 of the dust produced and caused thereby, and to carry 
 away the dust arising from or thrown off by such 
 wheels or belts while in operation, directly to the 
 outside of the building or to some receptacle placed 
 so as to receive and confine such dust. Provided, that 
 grinding machines upon which water is used at the 
 point of grinding contact shall be exempt from the 
 provisions of this act; and provided that this act 
 shall apply only to those wheels or belts which are 
 used for polishing and which are contained in the 
 room or apartment usually denominated the polishing 
 room, and which are used continuously therein; and 
 
provided further, that this act shall not embrace nor 
 apply to such wheels or belts as cannot be so equipped 
 without impairing the convenient or necessary use 
 thereof. 
 
 Use of Defective Wheels forbidden. —Section 2. 
 No emery wheels or grindstone in any factory, mill 
 or workshop, shall be used when the same is known 
 to the person using the same to be cracked or other¬ 
 wise defective, nor operated at a greater speed than 
 indicated or guaranteed by the manufacturer of such 
 emery wheel or grindstone. 
 
 Devices, Who to provide same. —Section 3. It 
 shall be the duty of any person, company or corpora¬ 
 tion operating any such factory or workshop to pro¬ 
 vide or construct such appliances, apparatus, machin¬ 
 ery or other things necessary to carry out the pur¬ 
 pose of this act, as set forth in the preceding sec¬ 
 tion, as follows: Each and every such w T heel shall 
 be fitted with a sheet or cast iron hood or hopper, 
 of such form and so applied to such wheel or wheels 
 that the dust or refuse therefrom will fall from such 
 wheels, or will be thrown into such hood or hopper 
 by centrifugal force, and be carried off by the cur¬ 
 rent of air into a suction pipe attached to same hood 
 or hopper. 
 
 Suction Pipes.—Section 4. Each and every such 
 wheel six inches or less in diameter shall be pro¬ 
 vided with a three-inch suction pipe; wheels six 
 inches to twenty-four inches in diameter, with four- 
 inch suction pipe; wheels from twenty-four inches to 
 thirty-six inches in diameter, with five-inch suction 
 pipe; and all wheels larger in diameter than those 
 stated above shall be provided each with a suction 
 pipe not less than six inches in diameter. The suc¬ 
 tion pipe from each wheel, so specified, must be full 
 
33 - 
 
 size as to the main trunk suction pipe, and the main 
 suction pipe to which smaller pipes are attached shall, 
 in its diamter and capacity, be equal to the combined 
 area of such smaller pipes attached to the same, and 
 the discharge pipe from the exhaust fan connected 
 with such suction pipe or pipes shall be as large, 
 or larger, than the suction pipe. 
 
 Fans and Blowers. —Section 5. It shall be the 
 duty of any person, company or corporation oper¬ 
 ating any such factory or workshop to provide the 
 necessary fans or blowers to be connected with such 
 pipe or pipes, as above set forth, which shall be run 
 at a rate of speed as will produce a velocity of air 
 in such suction or discharge pipes of sufficient force 
 to carry away all dust discharged into the aforesaid 
 hood or hopper. All branch pipes must enter the 
 main trunk pipe at any angle of forty-five degrees 
 or less; the main suction or trunk pipe shall be be¬ 
 low the emery or buffing wheels, and as close to the 
 same as possible, and to be either upon the floor 
 or underneath the floor on which the machines are 
 placed to which such wheels are attached. All bends, 
 turns, and elbows in each such pipes must be made 
 with easy, smooth surfaces, having a radius in the 
 throat of not less than two diameters of the pipe 
 on which they are connected. 
 
 Exceptions. —Section 6. The provisions of sec¬ 
 tions 4 and 5 shall not apply to existing mills, fac 
 tories or workshops which, at the time of the passage 
 of this act, have an appliance or appliances designed 
 and used for the purpose of removing such dust from 
 the polishing room, and which said appliance or ap¬ 
 pliances substantially effect such design. 
 
 Right of Entrance; Penalty. —Section 7. It shall 
 be the duty of every factory inspector of this state, 
 
or his deputies, to enter any factory or workshop 
 in this state during working hours, and upon ascer¬ 
 taining the facts that the proprietors or managers 
 of such factory or workshops have failed to comply 
 with the provisions of this act, to make complaint 
 of the same in writing before a justice of the peace 
 or police magistrate having jurisdiction, who shall 
 thereupon issue his warrant, directed to the owner, 
 manager or director, in such factory or workshop, 
 who shall be thereupon proceeded against for the 
 violation of this act as hereinafter mentioned, and 
 it is made the duty of the prosecuting attorney to 
 ^prosecute all cases under this act. 
 
 Section 8. Any such person or persons or company, 
 or managers, superintendents or directors of any 
 such company or corporation, who shall have the 
 charge or management of such factory or workshop, 
 who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this 
 act, shall he deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
 upon conviction thereof before any court of compe¬ 
 tent jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine of not 
 less than twenty-five dollars, and not exceeding one 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 Section 9. This act shall take effect and be in 
 force, from and after its passage and publication. 
 
 Approved April 14, 1899. 
 
 In re Roe Cheney, 49 P.. 952. 
 
 Cayzer vs. Taylor, 10 Gray (Mass.), 274. 
 
- 35 - 
 
 Chapter 257, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Providing for the furnishing and use of safe 
 scaffolding, hoists, stays, ladders, or other mechan¬ 
 ical device used in the construction of a building 
 and providing a penalty for a violation thereof. 
 
 Scaffolding, etc.; Safety. —Section 1. A person 
 employing or directing another to perform labor of 
 any kind in the erection, repairing, altering or paint¬ 
 ing of a house, building or structure shall not fur¬ 
 nish or erect, or cause to be furnished or erected for 
 the performance of such labor, scaffolding, hoists, 
 stays, ladders or other mechanical contrivances, 
 which are unsafe, unsuitable or improper, and which 
 are not so constructed, placed and operated as to 
 give proper protection to the life and limb of a per¬ 
 son so employed or engaged. Scaffolding or staging 
 swung or supended from an overhead support, more 
 than twenty feet from the ground or floor, shall have 
 a safety rail of wood, properly bolted, secured and 
 braced, rising at least thirty-four inches above the 
 floor or main portions of such scaffolding or staging 
 and extending along the entire length of the outside 
 and the ends thereof, and properly attached thereto, 
 and such scaffolding or staging shall be so fastened 
 as to prevent the same from swaying from the build¬ 
 ing or structure. 
 
 Inspection. —Section 2. Whenever complaint is 
 made to the factory inspector that the scaffolding or 
 the slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, lad¬ 
 ders, irons, or ropes of any swinging or stationary 
 scaffolding used in the construction, alteration, 
 repairing, cleaning or painting of buildings, 
 within the limits of a city are -unsafe or liable to 
 prove dangerous to the life or, limb of any per- 
 
36 - 
 
 son, such factory inspector shall immediately cause 
 an inspection to be made of such scaffolding, or the 
 slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, ladders, 
 within the limits of a city are unsafe or liable to 
 prove dangerous to the life or limb of any person, 
 such factory inspector shall immediately cause an in¬ 
 spection to be made of such scaffolding, or the slings, 
 hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, ladders, 
 irons or other parts connected therewith. If, after 
 examination, such scaffolding or any of such parts 
 is found to be dangerous to life or limb, the fac¬ 
 tory inspector shall prohibit the use thereof, and re¬ 
 quire the same to be altered and reconstructed so 
 as to avoid such danger. The factory inspector or 
 deputy factory inspector making the examination 
 shall attach a certificate to the scaffolding, or the 
 slings, hangers, irons, ropes, or other parts thereof, 
 examined by him stating that he has made such ex¬ 
 amination, and that he has found it safe or unsafe, 
 as the case may be. If he declares it unsafe, he 
 shall at once, in writing, notify the person respon¬ 
 sible for its erection of the fact, and warn him against 
 the use thereof. Such notice may be served person¬ 
 ally upon the person responsible for its erection, 
 or by conspicuously affixing it to the scaffolding, or 
 the part thereof declared to be unsafe. After such 
 notice has been so served or affixed, the person re¬ 
 sponsible therefor shall immediately remove such 
 scaffolding or part thereof and alter or strengthen 
 it in such manner as to render it safe, in the dis¬ 
 cretion of the officer who has examined it, or of his 
 superiors. The factory inspector and any of his depu¬ 
 ties whose duty it is to examine or test any scaf¬ 
 folding or part thereof, required by this section, shall 
 have free access, at all reasonable hours, to any build- 
 
—37 
 
 ing or premises containing them or where they may 
 be in use. All swinging and stationary scaffolding 
 shall be so constructed as to bear four times the 
 maximum weight required to be dependent there¬ 
 from or placed thereon, when in use, and not more 
 than four men shall be allowed on any swinging scaf¬ 
 folding at one time. 
 
 Temporary Floors. —Section 3. All contractors 
 and owners, when constructing buildings in cities, 
 where the plans and specifications require the floors 
 to be arched between the beams thereof, or where the 
 floors or filling in between the floors are of fire-proof 
 material or brick work, shall complete the flooring 
 or filling in as the building progresses, to not less 
 than within three tiers of beams below that on which 
 the iron work is being erected. If the plans and 
 specifications of such building do not require filling 
 in between the beams of floors with brick or fire¬ 
 proof material, all contractors for carpenter work 
 in the course of construction shall lay the under 
 flooring thereof on each story as the building pro¬ 
 gresses, to not less than within two stories below the 
 one to which such building has been erected. Where 
 double floors are not to be used, such contractor shall 
 keep planked over the floor two stories below the 
 story where the work is being performed. If the 
 floor beams are of iron or steel, the contractors for 
 the iron or steel work of buildings in course of con¬ 
 struction or the owners of such buildings, shall thor¬ 
 oughly plank over the entire tier of iron or steel 
 beams on which the structural iron or steel work 
 is being erected, except such spaces as may be rea¬ 
 sonably required for the proper construction of such 
 iron or steel work, and for the raising and lowering 
 of materials to be used in the construction of such 
 
—38 
 
 building, or such spaces as may be designated by 
 
 » 
 
 the plans and specifications for stairways and elevator 
 shafts. If elevating machines or hoisting apparatus 
 are used within a building in the course of construc¬ 
 tion, for the purpose of lifting materials to be used 
 in such construction, the contractors or owners shall 
 cause the shafts or openings in each floor to be en¬ 
 closed or fenced in on all sides by a barrier at least 
 eight feet in height. If a building in course of con¬ 
 struction is five stories or more in height, no lumber 
 or timber needed for such construction shall be 
 hoisted or lifted on the outside of such building. The 
 chief officer, in any city, charged with the enforce¬ 
 ment of the building laws of such city and the fac¬ 
 tory inspector are hereby charged with enforcing 
 the provisions of this section. 
 
 Penalty.—Section 4. Any owner, contractor, sub¬ 
 contractor, foreman, or other person having charge 
 of work on building, if found guilty of violation of 
 any of the former sections of this law shall be subject 
 to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars and 
 not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisonment 
 of not less than three months or not more than one 
 year by any court having jurisdiction. 
 
 People vs. D. Oench, 95 N. Y., 83; 111 N. Y., 359. 
 Knoxville vs. Bird, 47 Am. Rep., 326. • 
 
 Lawton vs. Steele, 119 N. Y., 234. 
 
 CHArTER 239, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Providing for the preservation of public health. 
 
 Manufacturing, altering, repairing, and finishing 
 articles; License. —Section 1. No room or apart- 
 
ment in any tenement or dwelling house or in a 
 building situated in the rear of any tenement or 
 dwelling house, shall he used for the purpose of man¬ 
 ufacturing, altering, repairing or finishing therein, 
 lor wages or for sale, any coats, vests, knee pants, 
 trousers, overalls, cloaks, hats, caps, suspenders, 
 jerseys, blouses, dresses, waists, waist bands, under¬ 
 wear, neckwear, knit goods of all kinds, furs, fur 
 trimmings, fur garments, skirts, shirts, purses, 
 feathers, cigarettes, cigars or umbrellas, unless a li¬ 
 cense is secured therefor as provided in this act. Ap¬ 
 plication for such a license shall be made to the 
 commissioner of labor and industrial statistics by 
 any family or a member thereof or any person, firm 
 or corporation, desiring to manufacture, alter, repair 
 or finish any such articles in any room or apartment 
 in any tenement or dwelling house or by any per¬ 
 son, firm or corporation desiring to perform such 
 work in any building in the rear of any tenement 
 or dwelling house. Such application shall describe 
 the room or apartment, shall specify the number of 
 persons to be employed therein, and shall be in such 
 form as the commissioner of labor and industrial 
 statistics may determine. Blank applications shall 
 be prepared and furnished by the commissioner of 
 labor and industrial statistics. Before any such li¬ 
 cense is granted, an inspection of the room, apart¬ 
 ment, or building sought to be licensed, must be made 
 by the commissioner of labor and industrial statis* 
 tics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector. 
 If the commissioner of labor and industrial statis¬ 
 tics, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector, 
 ascertain that such room, apartment or building, is 
 in a clean and proper sanitary condition, and that 
 the articles specified in this section may be manu- 
 
40 
 
 factured therein under clean and healthful condition, 
 he shall grant a license permitting the use of such 
 room, apartment or building, for the purpose of man¬ 
 ufacturing, altering, repairing, or finishing such arti¬ 
 cles. Each license shall state the maximum number 
 of persons who may be employed in the room or 
 rooms to which such license relates. The number 
 of persons to be so employed shall be determined 
 by the number of cubic feet of air space contained 
 in each room or apartment mentioned in such license, 
 allowing not less than two hundred and fifty cubic 
 feet for each person employed between the hours 
 of six o'clock in the morning and six o’clock in the 
 evening, and unless by a special writte*n permit of 
 the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, 
 factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector, not 
 less than four hundred cubic feet for each person 
 employed therein between the hours of six in the 
 evening and six in the morning, but no such permit 
 shall be issued unless such room or apartment has 
 suitable light at all times during such hours, while 
 such persons are employed therein. Such license 
 must be posted in a conspicuous place in the- room 
 or apartment to which it relates. It may be revoked 
 by the commissioner of labor and industrial statis¬ 
 tics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector, 
 if the health of the community or of the employes 
 requires it, or if it appears that the rooms or apart¬ 
 ments, to which such license relates, are not in a 
 healthy and proper sanitary condition. Every room 
 or apartment in which any of the articles named in 
 this section are manufactured, altered, repaired or 
 finished, shall be kept in a clean and sanitary con¬ 
 dition and shall be subject to inspection and exam¬ 
 ination by the commissioner of labor and, industrial 
 
41 
 
 statistics, factory inspector, or assistant factory in¬ 
 spector, for the purpose of ascertaining whether said 
 garments or articles or any part or parts thereof are 
 clean end free from vermin and every matter of in¬ 
 fectious or contagious nature. No person, firm or 
 
 I 
 
 corporation, shall hire, employ or contract with any 
 member of a family or any person, firm or corpora¬ 
 tion not holding a license therefor, to manufacture, 
 alter, repair or finish any of the articles named in 
 this section in any room or apartment in any tene¬ 
 ment or dwelling house or in any room or apartment 
 in any building situated in the rear of a tenement 
 or dwelling house as aforesaid; and no person, firm 
 or corporation shall receive, handle or convey to 
 others or sell, hold in stock or expose for sale, any 
 goods mentioned in this section unless made under 
 the sanitary conditions and in accordance with this 
 act. This section shall not prevent the employment 
 of a tailor or seamstress by any person or family 
 for the purpose of making, altering, repairing or fin¬ 
 ishing any article of wearing apparel for such person 
 or for family use. 1 ■ 
 
 Appeal to Board of Health. —Section 2. When¬ 
 ever the commissioner of labor and industrial statis¬ 
 tics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector 
 in his judgment revokes or refuses to grant a license 
 to any person or persons because of the unhealthy 
 or unsanitary conditions in or surrounding the place 
 where any of the aforesaid goods are or are to be 
 manufactured, the person or persons aggrieved by 
 such decision may appeal to the board of health of 
 such city, village or town wherein said license was 
 refused or revoked. The board of health after receiv¬ 
 ing a written notice of the appeal from the person 
 or persons aggrieved, shall immediately investigate 
 
42 
 
 the conditions and surroundings of the place where¬ 
 in any of the goods are or are to he manufactured 
 as mentioned in the aforesaid, and if they find that 
 a license can be granted without injuring or impair¬ 
 ing the public health, then such finding shall be im¬ 
 mediately reported in writing to the commissioner of 
 labor and industrial statistics who shall thereupon 
 grant such license. 
 
 May require Separate Rooms; Sanitary Measures. 
 
 ■—Section 3. The commissioner of labor and indus¬ 
 trial statistics, factory inspector or any assistant fac¬ 
 tory inspector, may when he deems it necessary, re¬ 
 quire that all rooms or apartments used for the pur¬ 
 pose of manufacturing, altering, repairing or finish¬ 
 ing therein, any of the aforesaid goods or articles as 
 mentioned in section 1 shall be separate from and 
 have no door, window or other opening into any liv¬ 
 ing or sleeping room of any tenement or dwelling 
 and that no such rooms or apartments shall be used 
 at any time for sleeping purposes and shall contain 
 no bed, bedding or cooking utensils. He may fur¬ 
 ther require or direct a separate outside entrance to 
 the room or apartments where the work is carried 
 on, and if such work is carried on above the first 
 floor, then there may be directed a separate and dis¬ 
 tinct stairway leading thereto and every such room 
 or apartment shall be well and sufficiently lighted, 
 heated and ventilated by ordinary, or if necessary, 
 by mechanical appliance. He may also require suit¬ 
 able closet arrangements for each sex employed as 
 follows: Where there are ten or more persons and 
 three or more to the number of twenty are of either 
 sex, a separate and distinct water closet, either in¬ 
 side the building with adequate plumbing connections 
 or on the outside, at least twenty feet from the build 
 
43 — 
 
 ing, shall he provided for each sex. When the num¬ 
 ber employed is more than twenty-five of either sex, 
 there shall be provided an additional water closet for 
 such sex up to the number of fifty persons, and above 
 that number in the same ratio, and all such closets 
 shall be kept strictly and exclusively for the use of 
 the employes and employer or employers. All clos¬ 
 ets shall be regularly disinfected and the commis¬ 
 sioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory in¬ 
 spector or (any) assistant factory inspector may re¬ 
 quire all other necessary changes or any process of 
 cleaning, painting or whitewashing which they may 
 deem necessary before the issuing of the license. 
 
 Register of Persons to whom work is given. —Sec¬ 
 tion 4. Any person, firm or corporation, by them¬ 
 selves or by their agents or managers, contracting 
 for the manufacturing, altering, repairing, or finish¬ 
 ing of any of the articles mentioned in section 1 of 
 this act, or giving out material from which they or 
 any part of them are to be manufactured, altered, 
 repaired or finished, shall keep a register of the 
 names and addresses, plainly written in English, of 
 the persons to whom such articles or materials are 
 given to be so manufactured, altered, repaired or 
 finished or with whom they have contracted to do 
 the same. Such register shall be subject to inspec¬ 
 tion on demand, by the commissioner of labor and 
 industrial statistics, factory inspector, or (any) as¬ 
 sistant factory inspector, and a copy thereof shall be 
 furnished at his requets. 
 
 Board of Health to Condemn; when. —Section 5. 
 If the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, 
 factory inspector or (any) assistant factory inspector 
 find that infectious or contagious diseases exist in a 
 workshop, room or apartment of a tenement or dwell- 
 
44 
 
 ing house or of a building in the rear thereof in 
 which any of the articles specified in section 1 of this 
 act are being manufactured, altered, repaired or fin¬ 
 ished or that articles manufactured or in process of 
 manufacture therein are infected or that goods used 
 therein are unfit for use, he shall report to the local 
 board of health, and such board shall issue such order 
 as the public health may require. Such board may 
 condemn and destroy all such infectious article or ar¬ 
 ticles manufactured or in the process of manufacture 
 under unclean or unhealthful conditions. 
 
 Owners of Tenement and Dwelling Houses not to 
 permit the unlawful use thereof. —Section 6. The 
 owner, lessee or agent of a tenement or dwelling 
 house or of a building in the rear of a tenement or 
 dwelling house shall not permit the use thereof for 
 the manufacture, repair, alteration or finishing of 
 arvy of the articles mentioned in this act contrary 
 to its provisions. If a room or apartment in such 
 tenement or dwelling house or in a building in the 
 rear of a tenement or dwelling house be so unlawfully 
 used, the commissioner of labor and industrial statis¬ 
 tics, factory inspector, or (any) assistant factory In¬ 
 spector, shall serve a notice thereof upon such owner, 
 lessee or agent. Unless such owner, lessee or agent 
 shall cause such unlawful manufacture to be discon¬ 
 tinued within thirty days after the service of such 
 notice or within fifteen days thereafter, institutes and 
 faithfully prosecutes proceedings for the disposses¬ 
 sion of the occupant of a tenement or dwelling house 
 or of a building in the rear of a tenement or dwell¬ 
 ing house who unlawfully manufactures, repairs, al¬ 
 ters or finishes such articles in any room or apart¬ 
 ment therein, he shall be deemed guilty of a viola- 
 
45 — 
 
 tion of this act as if he himself was engaged in such 
 unlawful manufacture, repair, alteration or finishing. 
 
 Penalty. —Section 7. Any person, firm or corpo¬ 
 ration, agent or manager of any corporation who 
 whether for himself or for such firm or corporation 
 or by himself or through agents, servants or fore¬ 
 men shall violate any of the provisions of this act 
 shall upon conviction thereof be fined in any sum 
 not less than twenty dollars nor more than one hun¬ 
 dred dollars for each offense, or imprisoned not less 
 than twenty or more than sixty days or both, and 
 in all prosecutions brought by or under the di¬ 
 rection of the commissioner of labor and industrial 
 statistics for the violation of this act, he shall not 
 be held to give security for costs or adjudged to pay 
 any costs but in all cases where the accused be 
 acquitted or is found to be indigent, the costs shall 
 be paid out of the county treasury of the county in 
 •which the proceedings are brought the same as the 
 costs in all other cases of misdemeanor. 
 
 Section 8. Chapter 232 of the laws of 1899 is here¬ 
 by repealed. 
 
 MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS. 
 
 Chapter 79, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Regulating the manufacture of cigars. 
 
 Location.—Section 1. No shop or place wherein 
 cigars are manufactured shall be located below the 
 ground floor. 
 
 Square Feet of Surface to be given. —Section 2. 
 Each employee in any shop or place wherein cigars 
 are manufactured, shall, while actually employed, be 
 allowed to use twenty square feet of surface space, 
 unobstructed to the ceiling. 
 
46 — 
 
 Cubic Feet of Air Space to contain. —Section 3. 
 
 Every room wherein cigars are manufactured shall 
 contain at least seven hundred cubic feet of air space. 
 It shall in every part be not less than eight feet 
 in height, from floor to ceiling, every window shall 
 have not less than twelve square feet in superficial 
 area, and the entire area of window surface shall not 
 be less than twelve per cent, of the floor space of such 
 room. 
 
 Ventilation. —Section 4. Every room in which ci¬ 
 gars are manufactured while work is carried on shall 
 be so ventilated that the air shall not become im¬ 
 pure and injurious to the health of the persons em¬ 
 ployed therein, and it shall wherever necessary, by 
 the means of air shafts or other ventilation, be so 
 changed as to render harmless all gases, dust and 
 other impurities generated in the process of manu¬ 
 facturing cigars. All windows are to be kept open 
 for thirty minutes before working hours and for 
 thirty minutes after working hours. 
 
 <Ciean; free from dust.— Section 5. Every such 
 shop or place in which one or more persons are em¬ 
 ployed and every such factory in which five or more 
 persons are employed, shall be kept clean. The dust 
 must be removed from work tables and floors once 
 every day, the floors scrubbed at least once a week 
 and one cuspidor provided for every two employes. 
 
 Persons under Eighteen. —Section 6. No person 
 under eighteen years of age shall be employed or 
 permitted to work in a cigar shop or cigar factory 
 at manufacturing cigars for longer than eight hours 
 a day or forty-eight hours a week. 
 
 Sanitary Measures. —Section 7. Where men and 
 women are employed there shall be separate dress¬ 
 ing rooms and water closets for the different sexes. 
 
Penalty.— Section 8. Any person violating any 
 provisions of this act shall be punished by fine not 
 exceeding twenty-five dollars and no less than ten 
 dollars for the first offense, and by fine not exceed* 
 ing fifty dollars, and no less than twenty-five dollars 
 for the second and each following offense. 
 
 Factory Inspector to enforce. —Section 9. The 
 factory inspector shall have full power and it shall 
 be his duty to enforce all the provisions of this act, 
 but no prosecution shall be instituted for any viola¬ 
 tion of sections 2, 3 and 4 unless the employer or 
 manufacturer, or the firm has been notified by a no¬ 
 tice sent in a registered letter for at least four weeks 
 prior to a prosecution, requiring the necessary 
 changes in the factory workshop, and such request 
 has not been complied with. 
 
 Section 10. All acts or parts of act inconsistent 
 with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. 
 
 Egan vs. Health Department, 45 N. Y. S., 325. 
 
 Barber vs. Connolly, 113 U. S., 27. 
 
 City of Newton vs. Joyce, 44 N. E., 116. 
 
 Ex parte White, 67 Cal., 102. 
 
 Beer Co. vs. Mass., 97 U. S., 25. 
 
 In re Roe Cheney, 49 P., 952. 
 
 State vs. Gardner, 51 N. E., 163. 
 
 State vs. Bevins, 41 A., 655. 
 
 Hall vs. State, 39 Fla., 637. 
 
 BOARD OF HEALTH. 
 
 Abatement of Nuisance. —Section 925—111a. The 
 commissioner of public health or any person acting 
 under him shall have authority to enter into and 
 examine at any time all buildings, lots and places of 
 
48 
 
 any description within the city for the purpose of 
 ascertaining the condition thereof so far as the pub¬ 
 lic health may be affected thereby, and any person 
 refusing to allow entrance into or upon his premises 
 at reasonable hours for such purpose shall on con¬ 
 viction thereof, be fined not less than ten dollars 
 nor more than one hundred dollars; and in all cases 
 in which the commissioner shall deem it necessary 
 for the protection of the health of the city to abate 
 or remove any nuisance, source of filth or cause of 
 sickness which shall be found on private property, 
 he shall cause a notice to be served on the owner 
 or occupant thereof requiring him to remove the 
 same at his own expense within a reasonable time, 
 not less than twenty-four hours, and if said owner 
 or occupant shall refuse or neglect to comply with 
 such notice, or if such nuisance, source of filth or 
 cause of sickness exist on the property of non-resi¬ 
 dent owners or upon property the owners of which 
 cannot be found, the commissioner shall cause the 
 removal of such nuisance, source of filth or cause 
 of sickness under his direction at the expense of the 
 city, and the cost thereof shall be charged n gainst 
 the lots, pieces or parcels of land upon w T hieh said 
 work was done, and shall be assessed against said 
 property in the manner provided for the assessment 
 of other special taxes. The commissioner shall, in 
 each year, certify to the tax commissioner or city 
 clerk, in time for insertion in the tax roll, a certified 
 list of all special taxes to be levied by reason of work 
 done as herein required, and such certified list shall 
 be prima facie evidence of the legality and regular¬ 
 ity of said special taxes, and they shall be included 
 in the list of such taxes in the tax roll of the city 
 before delivery of the same to the city treasurer. 
 
49 - 
 
 Duties of Police and other Officers. —Section 925— 
 112a. It shall be the duty of the members of the 
 poilce force of the city and all magistrates and other 
 civil officers and all citizens to aid to the utmost 
 of their power the commissioner of public health in 
 the discharge of his duties, and on his requisition it 
 shall be the duty of the chief of police to serve or 
 detail one or more of the policemen to serve the no¬ 
 tices issued by said commissioner and to perform 
 such other duties as he may require. 
 
 People vs. Board of Health, 23 L. R. H., 481. 
 
 Cavanagh vs. Boston, 139 Mass., 426. 
 
 Chapter 225 of Laws of 1901. 
 
 Authorizing boards of health to inspect and regulate 
 the sanitary condition of school houses, and other 
 public buildings. 
 
 Boards to inspect.—Section 1. It shall be the duty 
 of the proper officer or officers of boards of health 
 organized under and by virtue of general or special 
 law, to inspect the school houses and public build¬ 
 ings within the district over which the board appoint¬ 
 ing such officer has jurisdiction, with sufficient fre¬ 
 quency to determine whether such buildings are kept 
 in a sanitary condition. And the board of health of 
 any village or town may take such measures and 
 make such rules and regulations as they may deem 
 most effectual for the preservation of public health 
 and to carry out the purposes of this act; and for 
 that purpose all the powers now conferred on boards 
 
— 50 — 
 
 of health in cases of contagious diseases are hereby 
 conferred. 
 
 Hurst vs. Warner, 102 Mich., 238. 
 
 In re Gunn, 16 Wis., 432-33. 
 
 State vs. Brudge, 95 Wis., 390. 
 
 Abeel vs. Clark, 24 Pac. Rep., 383. 
 
 Bissell vs. Davison, 32 Atl. Rep., 348. 
 
 Chapter 420, Laws of 1901. 
 
 To create free employment offices in certain cities, 
 regulating the same, providing for the appoint¬ 
 ment of a superintendent, fixing his salary, li¬ 
 censing private employment agencies, fixing penal¬ 
 ties for a violation of its provision and making ap¬ 
 propriation therefor. 
 
 Where Located. —Section 1. A free employment 
 office is hereby created in each city of a population 
 of thirty thousand or over according to the last state 
 or national census; for the purpose of receiving ap¬ 
 plications of persons seeking employment, and appli¬ 
 cations of persons seeking to employ labor. Such 
 office shall be designated and known as Wisconsin 
 free employment office. 
 
 Appointment; Salary; Offices. —Section 2. Within 
 thirty days after this act shall have been in force, 
 the commissioner of the bureau of labor and indus¬ 
 trial statistics shall recommend, and the governor 
 shall appoint a superintendent for each of the offices 
 created by section one of this act, and who shall de¬ 
 vote their entire time to the duties of their respective 
 offices. The tenure of such appointment shall be two 
 years, unless sooner removed for cause. The salary 
 of each superintendent shall be twelve hundred dol- 
 
— 51 — 
 
 lars per annum, which sum, together with the proper 
 amounts for defraying the necessary costs of equip¬ 
 ping and maintaining the respective offices, rent for 
 such offices not to exceed five hundred dollars per 
 annum, shall be paid out of any funds in the state 
 treasury not otherwise appropriated. 
 
 Office; Signs; Record Books; Registers. —Section 
 3. The superintendent of each such free employment 
 office shall, within sixty days after appointment, open 
 an office in such locality as shall have been agreed 
 upon between such superintendent and the commis¬ 
 sioner of the bureau of labor and industrial statis¬ 
 tics as being most appropriate for the purpose in¬ 
 tended; provided that said employment office shall 
 be occupied in conjunction with the bureau of labor 
 and industrial statistics when such bureau has an 
 office in any of said cities, and in case said bureau 
 has no office in any of said cities, then in that case 
 the city council wherein said free employment office 
 is established shall furnish and equip an office for 
 said employment bureau, either in conjunction with 
 a department of said city or separately without cost 
 to the state, such office to be provided with a suffi¬ 
 cient number of rooms or apartments to enable him 
 to provide, and he shall so provide, a separate room 
 or apartment for the use of women registering for 
 situations or help. Upon the outside of each such 
 office, in position and manner to secure the fullest 
 public attention, shall be placed a sign which shall 
 read in the English language, “Wisconsin Free Em¬ 
 ployment Office,” and the same shall appear either 
 upon the outside windows or upon signs in such 
 other languages as the location of such office shall 
 render advisable. The superintendent of each such 
 free employment office shall receive and record in 
 
52 - 
 
 books kept for that purpose names of all persons- 
 applying for employment or help, designating oppo¬ 
 site the name and address of each applicant the char¬ 
 acter of employment or help desired. Separate regis¬ 
 ters for applicants for employment shall be kept, 
 showing the age, sex, nativity, trade or occupation 
 of each applicant, the cause and duration of non-em¬ 
 ployment, whether married or single, the number of 
 dependent children, together with such other facts 
 as may be required by the bureau of labor and in¬ 
 dustrial statistics to be used by said bureau: Pro¬ 
 vided, that no such special registers shall be open 
 to public inspection at any time, and that such sta¬ 
 tistical and sociological data as the bureau of labor 
 may require shall be held in confidence by said bu¬ 
 reau, and so published as not to reveal the identity 
 of any applicant. And, provided, further, that any 
 applicant who shall decline to answer the questions 
 contained in special register shall not thereby forfeit 
 any right to any employment the office might secure. 
 
 Report to the Commissioner; Lists posted; Duty 
 of Factory Inspector. —Section 4. Each superin¬ 
 tendent shall report on Thursday of each week to 
 the state bureau of labor and industrial statistics the 
 number of applications for positions and for help 
 received during the preceding week, also those un¬ 
 filled applications remaining on the books at the be¬ 
 ginning of the week. Such lists shall not contain the 
 names or addresses of any applicant, but shall show 
 the number of situations desired and the number 
 of persons wanted at each specified trade or occupa¬ 
 tion. It shall also show the number and character 
 of the positions secured during the preceding week. 
 Upon receipt of these lists, and not later than Sat¬ 
 urday of each week, the commissioner of the said 
 
bureau of labor and industrial statistics shall cause 
 to be printed a sheet showing separately and in com¬ 
 bination the lists received from all such free employ¬ 
 ment offices; and he shall cause a sufficient number 
 of such sheets to be printed to enable him to mail, 
 and he shall so mail, on Saturday of each week, two 
 of said sheets to each superintendent of a free em¬ 
 ployment office, one to be filed by said superintendent 
 and one to be conspicuously posted in each such of¬ 
 fice. A copy of such sheet shall also be mailed on 
 each Saturday by the commissioner of the state bu¬ 
 reau of labor and industrial statistics to the state 
 inspector of factories. It is hereby made the duty 
 of said factory inspector to do all he reasonably can 
 to assist in securing situations for such applicants 
 for work, to secure for the free employment offic°s 
 the co-operation of the employers of labor in facto¬ 
 ries, to immediately notify the superintendent of free 
 employment offices of any and all vacancies or op¬ 
 portunities of employment that shall come to his no¬ 
 tice. 
 
 Superintendent to communicate. —Section 5. It 
 shall be the duty of each such superintendent of a 
 free employment office to immediately put himself 
 in communication with the principal manufacturers, 
 merchants and other employers of labor, and to use 
 all diligence in securing the co-operation of the said 
 employers of labor, with the purposes and objects of 
 such employment offices. 
 
 Report.—Section 6. It shall be the duty of each 
 such superintendent to make a report to the state 
 bureau of labor and industrial statistics annually, 
 not later than December first of each year, concern¬ 
 ing the work of his office for the year ending October 
 first of same year, together with a statement of the 
 
—54 
 
 expenses of the same, and such reports shall be pub¬ 
 lished by the said bureau of labor and industrial 
 statistics annually. Each such superintendent shall 
 also perform such other duties in the collection of 
 statistics of labor, as the commissioner of the bureau 
 of labor and industrial statistics may require. 
 
 Fee or compensation; Penalty.— Section 7. No fee 
 or compensation shall be charged or received, direct¬ 
 ly or indirectly, from any person or corporation ap¬ 
 plying for employment or help through said free em¬ 
 ployment offices; and any superintendent or clerk 
 who shall accept, directly or indirectly, any fee or 
 compensation from any applicant, or from his or her 
 representative, shall be deemed guilty of a misde¬ 
 meanor, and, upon conviction shall be fined not less 
 than twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty dollars 
 and imprisoned in the county jail not more than 
 thirty days. 
 
 Strike or lock-out. —Section 8. In no case shall 
 the superintendent of any free employment office cre¬ 
 ated by this act, furnish or cause to be furnished, 
 workmen or other employes to any applicant, for help 
 whose employes are at that time on strike or lock¬ 
 out; nor shall any list, of names and addresses of 
 applicants for employment be showm to any employer 
 whose employes are on a strike or locked out; nor 
 shall such list be exposed where it can be copied 
 or used by an employer wdiose employes are on a 
 strike or lock out. 
 
 Applicant; Work. —Section 9. The term “appli¬ 
 cant for employment” as used in this act shall be 
 construed to mean any person seeking work of any 
 lawful character, and “applicant for help” shall mean 
 any person or persons seeking help in any legitimate 
 enterprise. Nothing in this act shall be construed 
 
 ) 
 
to limit the meaning of the term “work” to manual 
 ocupation, but it shall include professional service, 
 and any and all other legitimate services. 
 
 Private Employment Agency; License; Sign.— 
 Section 10. No person, firm or corporation in the 
 cities designated in section one, of this act, shall 
 open, operate or maintain a private employment 
 agency for hire or where a fee is charged to either 
 applicants for employment or for help, without first 
 having obtained a license from the secretary of state, 
 for which license he shall .pay one hundred dollars 
 per annum; and no such private agent shall print, 
 publish, or cause to be printed or published, or paint 
 on any sign, window or newspaper publication, a 
 name similar to that of the Wisconsin Free Employ¬ 
 ment Offices. And any person, firm or corporation 
 violating the provisions of this act, or any part there¬ 
 of, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
 upon confiction such person, firm or, if a corpora¬ 
 tion, all the officers thereof, shall be fined not less 
 than twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty dollars. 
 
 Superintendent; Removal. —Section 11. When¬ 
 ever, in the opinion of the commissioner of the bu¬ 
 reau of labor and industrial statistics, the superin¬ 
 tendent of any free employment office is not duly 
 diligent in the performance of his duties, he may 
 summon such superintendent to appear before him 
 to show cause why he should not be recommended 
 to the governor for removal, and unless such cause 
 is clearly shown the said commissioner may so rec¬ 
 ommend. In considering such a case, a low percent¬ 
 age of positions secured to applicants for situations 
 and help registered, lack of intelligent interest in the 
 work, or a general inaptitude or inefficiency may be 
 deemed by said commissioner sufficient to recommend 
 
56 — 
 
 a removal. And if, in the opinion of the governor, 
 such lack of efficiency cannot be remedied by reproval 
 and discipline, he shall remove such person from of¬ 
 fice as recommended by said commissioner; provided, 
 that the governor may at any time remove any su¬ 
 perintendent or clerk for cause. 
 
 Printing, Blanks, Postage, etc. —Section 12. All 
 such printing, blanks, bank books, stationery and 
 postage as may be necessary for the proper conduct 
 of the business of the offices herein created shall bo 
 furnished by the secretary of state upon requisition 
 for the same made by the commissioner of the bu¬ 
 reau of labor and industrial statistics. 
 
 Section 13. This act shall take effect and be in 
 force, from and after its passage and publication. 
 
 Chapter 213, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Regulating employment and intelligence offices and 
 
 bureaus. 
 
 License; Penalty. —Section 1. No person shall 
 engage in the business of keeping an employment or 
 intelligence bureau or office or agency for the pur¬ 
 pose of hiring men to work for others, and receive 
 a compensation for such hiring without first having 
 obtained a license so to do as hereinafter provided; 
 any person or persons who shall establish or keep 
 any office or place within said state, for the purpose 
 of obtaining place or employment for laborers of any 
 kind whatever, or for procuring or giving informa¬ 
 tion concerning such places or employment to such 
 laborers, or for procuring or giving information con¬ 
 cerning such laborers to employers, shall be 
 
deemed a keeper of an employment or intelligence 
 bureau, office or agency; and any person who shall 
 engage in such business without such license, shall 
 be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall upon conviction 
 thereof be punished by a fine not exceeding one hun¬ 
 dred dollars or imprisonment in the county jail not 
 exceeding ninety days or both. 
 
 Application. —Section 2. Any person who desires 
 to engage in any such business may apply to the com¬ 
 mon council if such business be carried on in a city, 
 or to the village council if in a village, or to the 
 is to be carried on if in the country, for such license, 
 and pay into the treasury of such city, village or 
 county board of the county in which such business 
 license, and shall continue to be in force until the 
 and delivering to such common council, village coun¬ 
 cil or county board a bond in the penal sum of one 
 thousand dollars with sufficient sureties, or in lieu 
 thereof a surety bond of one thousand dollars, to be 
 county, the sum of ten dollars and upon executing 
 approved by such common council, village council 
 or county board, he shall be entitled to such license. 
 Each license shall designate the house in which the 
 person licensed shall keep his office, giving street 
 and number of the same, and the number of such 
 first day of May next ensuing the date thereof and 
 no longer; provided always, that the foregoing license 
 fee shall be the same for any length of time whether 
 issued for a year on the first day of May, or any 
 fractional part thereof; and no license issued here¬ 
 under shall be transferred to any other person or 
 persons whatever or inure to the benefit of any other 
 person other than the licensee. 
 
 Bonds. —Section 3. The bonds shall run to the 
 state of Wisconsin, and shall be conditioned for the 
 
— 58 - 
 
 payment of any damage that any person secured or 
 engaged to labor for others by the obligator, may sus¬ 
 tain by reason of any unauthorized act, fraud or mis¬ 
 representation on the part of such agent for such 
 hiring. The bond shall be filed with the city clerk 
 if approved by the common council, with the village 
 recorder if approved by the village council, and with 
 the county clerk if approved by the county board of 
 any county. Any person licensed and having given 
 bond as herein provided may, while continuing to re¬ 
 side or maintain his office at the place mentioned in 
 such license, prosecute his said business in any part 
 of the state. 
 
 Persons Engaged to Work. —Section 4. Every per¬ 
 son hired or engaged to work for others by one so 
 licensed as aforesaid, shall be furnished a written 
 copy in duplicate of the terms of such hire or en¬ 
 gagement, rate of wages or compensation, kind of 
 service to be performed, length of time of such serv¬ 
 ice, with full name and address of the person or per¬ 
 sons, firm or corporation authorizing the hire of such 
 person, one of the aforesaid copies to be delivered 
 to the person or persons, firm or corporation for 
 whom the contracted labor is to be performed, and 
 the other to be retained by the person hired as afore¬ 
 said. 
 
 And any person hired or engaged to work for others 
 by one so licensed as aforesaid, who shall fail to get 
 employment according to the terms of such contract 
 of hire or employment, by reason of any unauthorized 
 act, fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such 
 agent, may bring an action upon said bond, and may 
 recover in such action against the principal and 
 sureties the full amount of his damages sustained by 
 reason of such unauthorized act, fraud or misrepre- 
 
59 — 
 
 sentation, together with his costs, disbursements, in 
 such action; provided however, that nothing con¬ 
 tained herein shall apply to agencies conducted by 
 women for the purpose of securing employment for 
 females only. 
 
 Chapter 221, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Regulating the payment of wages in time checks or 
 other paper than legal money. 
 
 Payable where. —Section 1. All corporations or 
 individuals paying wages in time chacks or other pa¬ 
 ger than legal money, shall make such time checks 
 or paper payable in some designated place of business 
 in the county in which the work w r as performed or 
 at the office of such corporation or individual within 
 the state of Wisconsin, or at any bank within said 
 state. 
 
 Penalty. —Section 2. Any corporation or individ¬ 
 ual failing to comply with the terms of the above 
 section shall upon conviction thereof be fined not to 
 exceed one hundred dollars nor less than ten dollars. 
 
 Chapter 47, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Amending section 1729a of chapter 83, of the Wis¬ 
 consin statutes of 1898, relating to the assign¬ 
 ment of written evidences of indebtedness from 
 employer to employe for w T ages. 
 
 Wages; Written Evidence Negotiable. —Section 
 1729a. All wages or compensation for labor or serv¬ 
 ice, unless there shall be a written contract to the 
 contrary, shall be paid w r eekly or bi-weekly in cash; 
 
60 — 
 
 provided, that this section shall not apply to agri¬ 
 cultural laborers, commercial travelers, persons em¬ 
 ployed on commission, traveling employes of railway 
 or express companies, persons employed in logging 
 camps, or in driving, running or manufacturing logs 
 or lumber, nor to any person whose occupation is 
 such as to render him inaccessible on the regular 
 pay day. Whenever any person engaged in lumber¬ 
 ing or building or in the manufacture of lumber, 
 shall defer the payment of all or any part of the 
 wages due employes, after the same becomes due, such 
 employer shall, on demand, give his employes written 
 evidence of indebtedness for the amount so due 
 them, which shall be payable at a date agreed upon 
 and be negotiable. Any such employer who shall 
 refuse to give such evidence of indebtedness for 
 money earned, shall forfeit not more than fifty dol¬ 
 lars. 
 
 Section 2. A1 acts, or parts of acts, in conflict 
 with this act, are hereby repealed. 
 
 Avent Beattyville C. Co. vs. Commonwealth, 96 Ky., 
 218. 
 
 Hancock vs. Yader, 121 Ind., 366. 
 
 Peel Splint C. Co. vs. State, 36 W. Va., 802. 
 
 See note in 28 L. R. H., 273-344. 
 
 LABELS AND TRADE MARKS. 
 
 Record; Certificate. —Section 1747a. Any person, 
 association or union of workingmen which has here¬ 
 tofore adopted or used or shall hereafter adopt or 
 use any label, trade mark, design, device or form 
 of advertisement for the purpose of designing, mak¬ 
 ing known or distinguishing any goods, wares, mer- 
 
—61 
 
 chandise or other product of labor as having been 
 made, manufactured, produced, prepared, packed or 
 put on sale by such person, association or union, or 
 by a member or members thereof, may file the same 
 for record in the office of the secretary of state by 
 leaving two copies, counterparts or facsimiles thereof, 
 with said secretary and by filing therewith a sworn 
 statement specifying the name of the person, asso¬ 
 ciation or union on whose behalf such label, trade 
 mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement 
 is to be filed, the class of merchandise and a sepa¬ 
 rate description of the goods to which the same has 
 been or is intended to be appropriated, that the party 
 on whose behalf such label, trade mark, term, de¬ 
 sign, device or form of advertisement is to be filed 
 has the right to the use of the same and that no 
 other person, firm, association, union or corporation 
 has such right either in the identical form or in any 
 such near resemblance thereto as may be calculated 
 to deceive, and that the copies, counterparts, or fac¬ 
 similes filed therewith are correct. The papers so 
 required to be filed shall be recorded in a book kept 
 for that purpose, and there shall be paid the secre¬ 
 tary of state for such recording and filing one dollar. 
 
 Certificate; Evidence. —Section 1747b. Said secre¬ 
 tary shall deliver to the person, association or union 
 so filing or causing to be filed any such label, trade 
 mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement 
 so many duly attested certificates of the filing and 
 recording of the same as may be desired, and shall 
 receive for each such certificate a fee of one dol¬ 
 lar. Any such certificate shall, in all suits and pros¬ 
 ecutions arising out of or depending upon any rights 
 claimed under such label, trade mark, term, design, 
 device or form of advertisement, be sufficient proof 
 
62 
 
 of the adoption thereof. The secretary of state shall 
 not record any label, trade mark, term, design, de¬ 
 vice or form of any advertisement that may reason¬ 
 ably be mistaken for anything theretofore filed in 
 his office under the provisions of this chapter. 
 
 Fraudulent Filing; Damages. —Section 1747c. Any 
 person who shall for himself or on behalf of any 
 other person, association or union, procure the filing 
 of any label, trade mark, term, design, device or 
 form of advertisement under the provisions of the 
 preceding section by making any false or fraudulent 
 representations or declarations, verbally or in writ¬ 
 ing, or by any other fraudulent means shall be lia¬ 
 ble for any damages sustained in consequence there¬ 
 of, to be recovered by or on behalf of the party 
 injured thereby, and shall also be punished as pro¬ 
 vided by law. 
 
 Record of Brands, etc. —Section 1747d. The sec¬ 
 retary of state shall, on application by any person 
 or firm domiciled in this state or by any corporation 
 created under the laws thereof and engaged in the 
 manufacture or sale of ale, porter, lager beer, soda 
 water, mineral water or other beverages put up in 
 packages, record in a book kept for that purpose a 
 description of the names, brand or trade mark used 
 by such person, firm or corporation for marking the 
 casks, barrels, kegs, bottles, jugs, fountains, boxes or 
 other packages containing such beverage. Before 
 any such record shall be made there shall be paid 
 said secretary a fee of five dollars for each and ev¬ 
 ery such description of name, brand, or traed mark 
 which he is requested to have recorded. Nothing 
 elsewhere in this chapter contained is intended to 
 be contrary to or to control or modify the provisions 
 of this section. 
 
— 63 - 
 
 Chapter 140, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Amending chapter 84a of the statutes of 1898 of 
 miscellaneous provisions, relating to labels and 
 trade marks. 
 
 Adopting Trade Mark, etc. —Section 1747dd. Every 
 person, association or union adopting or using a la¬ 
 bel, trade mark, term, design, device or form of ad¬ 
 vertisement as provided in section 1747a, may pro¬ 
 ceed by suit to enjoin the manufacture, use, display 
 or sale of any counterfeits or imitations thereof, and 
 courts of competent jurisdiction shall grant injunc¬ 
 tions to restrain such manufacture, use, display or 
 sale, and may award the complainant damages, re¬ 
 sulting from such manufacture, use, sale or display 
 as may be deemed just and reasonable by said court, 
 including all profits derived from such wrongful 
 manufacture, use, display or sale; such court shall 
 also order that all such counterfeits or imitations 
 in the possession or under the control of any de¬ 
 fendant be delivered to an officer of the court to be 
 destroyed. In case such association or union is not 
 incorporated such actions may be commenced and 
 prosecuted by an officer or member of such associa¬ 
 tion or union on behalf of and for the use of such 
 association or union. 
 
 State vs. Bishop, 128 Mo., 373. 
 
 Cohn vs. People, 149 Ill., 486. 
 
 29 L. R. A., 200, note. 
 
64 
 
 COUNTERFEITING LABEL ON GOODS. 
 
 Counterfeit what; Penalty. —Section 4463. Any 
 person who shall knowingly and wilfully forge or 
 counterfeit or cause or procure to be counterfeited 
 upon any goods, wares or merchandise the private 
 stamp or label of any mechanic or manufacturer with 
 intent to defraud the purchaser or manufacturer of 
 any goods, wares or merchandise whatsoever, shall 
 be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not 
 more than six months or by fine not exceeding one 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 Chapter 201, Laws of 1901. 
 
 Amending chapter 182 of the statutes of 1898 of of¬ 
 fenses against property, relating to counterfeiting 
 of labels and trade marks. 
 
 Label; wilfully use.—Section 4463a. Every per¬ 
 son who shall knowingly and wilfully use or display 
 the genuine label, name or seal, trade mark, term, 
 design, device or form of advertisement of any per- 
 son. association or union in any manner, or in or 
 about the sale of goods or merchandise not being 
 authorized so to do by such person, union or asso 
 ciation, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and shall be punished by imprisonment for not more 
 than three months or by a fine of not more than one 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 State vs. Bishop, 128 Mo., 373. 
 
 State vs. Haggen, 6 Ind. App., 167. 
 
 Perkins vs. Heert, 5 Huns App., 335. 
 
 Carsons vs. Ury, 39 Fed. Rep., 777. 
 
—05 
 
 Chapter 332, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Prohibiting discrimination against members of labor 
 
 organizations. 
 
 Employment. —Section 1. No person, corporation, 
 agent or officer on behalf of any person or corpora¬ 
 tion, shall coerce or compel any person or persons 
 into an agreement, either written or verbal, not to 
 join or become a member of any labor organization, 
 as a condition of such person or persons securing 
 employment or continuing in the employment of any 
 such person or corporation, and no person or corpo¬ 
 ration shall discharge an employe because he is a 
 member of any labor organization. 
 
 Penalty. —Section 2. Any person or corporation 
 violating any of the provisions of this act shall be 
 fined not less than two hundred dollars nor more than 
 one thousand dollars, or be punished by imprisonment 
 in the county jail not to exceed nine months or both. 
 
 Chapter 330, Laws of 1899. 
 
 Relating to employment of labor and providing pen¬ 
 alties for violation of its provisions. 
 
 Liability.— Section 1. Any person or corporation 
 engaged in manufacturing, which requires from per¬ 
 sons in his or its employ, under penalty of forfeiture 
 of a part of the wages earned by them, a notice of 
 intention to leave such employ, shall be liable to the 
 payment of a lik° forfeiture if he or it discharges, 
 without similar notice, a person in such employ ex¬ 
 cept for incapacity or misconduct, unless in case of 
 a general suspension of labor in his or its shop or 
 factory or in the department thereof wherein such 
 employe is engaged. 
 
Influence Voter. —Section 2. No person shall, by 
 threateningto discharge a person from his employ¬ 
 ment or threatening to reduce the wages of a person 
 or by promising to give employment at higher wages 
 to a person, attempt to influence a qualified voter to 
 give or withhold his vote at an election. 
 
 Children under Fifteen Years. —Section 3. No li¬ 
 cense shall be granted for a theatrical exhibition or 
 public show in which children under fifteen years of 
 age are employed as acrobats, contortionists or in 
 any feats of gymnastics or equestrianism, when in 
 the opinion of the board of officers authorized to grant 
 license such children are employed in such manner 
 as to corrupt their morals or impair their physical 
 health. 
 
 Penalty.—Section 4. Any person who shall violate 
 any of the provisions of this act shall, upon convic¬ 
 tion, be fined in a sum not exceeding one hundred 
 dollars. 
 
 VESTIBULE CARS. 
 
 Protection of Employes. —Section 1862b. Every 
 person, partnership or corporation owning or. oper¬ 
 ating a street car line in this state, the cars upon 
 which are propelled by steam, cable or electricity, 
 shall provide all closed winter cars with a suitable 
 protection constructed of w T ood, iron, glass or other 
 material sufficient to protect the employes engaged 
 in operating any such cars from exposure to the in¬ 
 clemencies of the weather, such protection to be 
 maintained from the first day of November to the 
 first day of April in each year; provided, that such 
 protection shall be so constructed as not to obstruct 
 
tlie vision of the person operating such ear. Any 
 such person, partnership or corporation owning, oper¬ 
 ating, superintending or managing any such line of 
 street railway or the managing or superintending of¬ 
 ficer or agent thereof who shall be found guilty of 
 a wilful refusal to comply with this section shall be 
 punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor 
 more than one hundred dollars. Each day that any 
 of said persons cause or permit any of their em¬ 
 ployes to operate such cars in violation of the pro¬ 
 visions of this section or cause or permit cars to be 
 used or operated in violation hereof shall be deemed 
 a separate offense; provided, that the provisions of 
 this section shall not apply to cars used and known 
 as trailing cars. It is hereby made the duty of the 
 attorney of any municipality in which such street 
 railway is situated and operated, upon information 
 given to him by any person of any violation of this 
 section, to promptly prosecute such person, partner¬ 
 ship or corporation. 
 
 State vs. Smith, 59 N. W. Rep., 545. 
 
 State vs. Nelson, 39 N. E. Rep., 22. 
 
 Snj ury to Business. —Section 4466a. Any two or 
 more persons who shall combine, associate, agree, 
 mutually undertake or concert together for the pur¬ 
 pose of wilfully or maliciously injuring another in 
 his reputation, trade, business, or profession by any 
 means whatever, or for the purpose of maliciously 
 compelling another to do or perform any act against 
 his will, or preventing or hindering another from 
 doing or performing any lawful act shall be punished 
 by imprisonment in the county jail not more than 
 one year or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. 
 
 Blacklisting and Coercion of Employes. —Section 
 4466b. Any two or more persons whether members 
 
of a partnership or company or stockholders in a 
 corporation, who are employers of labor, who shall 
 combine or agree to combine for the purpose of pre¬ 
 senting any person seeking employment from obtain¬ 
 ing the same, or for the purpose of procuring or 
 causing the discharge of any employe by threats, 
 promises, circulating blacklists or causing the same 
 to be circulated, or who shall, after having discharged 
 any employe, prevent or attempt to prevent such em¬ 
 ploye from obtaining employment with any other 
 person, partnership, company or corporation by the 
 means aforesaid, or shall authorize, permit or allow 
 any of his or their agents to blacklist any discharged 
 employe or any employe who has voluntarily left 
 the service of his employer, or circulate a blacklist of 
 such employe to prevent his obtaining employment 
 under any other employer, or who shall coerce or 
 compel any person to enter into an agreement not 
 to unite with or become a member of any labor or¬ 
 ganization as a condition of his securing employment 
 or containing therein, shall be punished by a fine of 
 not more than five hundred dollars nor less than one 
 hundred dollars, which fine shall be paid into the 
 state treasury for the benefit of the school fund. 
 Nothing in this section shall prohibit any employer 
 of labor from giving any other such employer, to 
 whom a discharged employe has applied for employ¬ 
 ment, or to any bondsman or surety, a truthful 
 statement of the reasons for such discharge, when re¬ 
 quested so to do by such employe, the person to whom 
 he has applied for employment, or any bondsman or 
 surety; but it shall be a violation of this section 
 to give such information with the intent to black¬ 
 list, hinder or prevent such employe from obtaining 
 employment; neither shall anything herein contained 
 
—G9— 
 
 prohibit any employer of labor from keeping for bis 
 own information and protection a record showing the 
 habits, character and competency of his employes. 
 
 Preventing Pursuit of Work. —Section 4466c. Any 
 person who by threats, intimidation, force or coercion 
 of any kind shall hinder or prevent any other per¬ 
 son from engaging in or continuing in any lawful 
 work or employment either for himself or as a wage- 
 worker, or who shall attempt to so hinder or prevent 
 shall be punished by fine not exceeding one hundred 
 dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not 
 more than six months, or by both fine and imprison¬ 
 ment in the discretion of the court. 
 
 State vs. Glidden, 55 Conn., 46. 
 
 Loan & Trust Co. vs. N. Pac. R. R. Co., 60 Fed. 
 Rep., 803. 
 
 Veyelalur vs. Suntner, 44 N. E. Rep., 1077. 
 
 THE STATE BOARD OF ARBITRATION AND 
 
 CONCILIATION. 
 
 Appointment; Vacancies; Oath. —Section 1729b. 
 The state board of arbitration and conciliation as 
 heretofore established is recognized and continued. 
 On the expiration of the terms of the two members 
 thereof appointed by the governor, or sooner if a 
 vacancy shall otherwise occur, the governor shall ap¬ 
 point one member of such board who shall he an 
 employer of labor or be selected from some associa¬ 
 tion representing employers of labor, the other shall 
 be selected from the members of some labor organi¬ 
 zation and shall not be an employer of labor. The 
 terms of such members shall be for two years unless 
 they are sooner removed by the governor. Vacan- 
 
cies shall be filled for the unexpired term. The third 
 member of said board shall be appointed by the gov¬ 
 ernor upon the recommendation of those previously 
 appointed, provided that if such recommendation is 
 not made to the governor within thirty days after 
 their appointment he may appoint any person such 
 third member. Each member shall, before entering 
 upon the duties of his office, take the oath prescribed 
 by the constitution; such oath shall be filed in the 
 executive office. Said board shall organize by choos¬ 
 ing one member as chairman and another as secre¬ 
 tary, and shall adopt rules of procedure and submit 
 them to the governor and attorney general, which 
 rules shall be in force on approval thereof by them. 
 All requests and communications intended for said 
 board may be addressed to the governor at Madison, 
 who shall at once refer the same to the board for 
 their action. 
 
 Duty of Board.—Section 1729c. Whenever any 
 controversy or difference not the subject of litiga¬ 
 tion, exists between an employer, whether an indi¬ 
 vidual, copartnership or corporation, and his em¬ 
 ployes, if at the time he employs not less than twenty- 
 five persons in the same general line of business in 
 any one place, said board may, without any applica¬ 
 tion therefor or upon application, and as soon as 
 practicable thereafter, visit the locality where the 
 controversy exists and make careful inquiry into the 
 cause thereof, hear all persons interested therein who 
 may come before them, advise the respective parties 
 what, if anything, should be done or submitted to 
 by either or both to adjust the same and make a 
 written decision thereof. Such decision shall at once 
 be made public by publication in two or more news¬ 
 papers published in the locality where such contro- 
 
—VI— 
 
 versy exists, shall be recorded upon books of record 
 to be kept by the secretary of said board, and a suc¬ 
 cinct statement thereof published in the report here¬ 
 inafter provided for, and the said board shall cause 
 a copy of such decision to be filed with the clerk of 
 the city, village or town where said business is car¬ 
 ried on. 
 
 Arbitration; Procedure; Witnesses; Books. —Sec¬ 
 tion 1729d. Said application shall be signed by such 
 employer or by a majority of his employes in the 
 department of the business in which the controversy 
 exists, or by their duly authorized agent, or by both 
 parties, and shall contain a concise statement of the 
 grievances complained of and an agreement to con¬ 
 tinue in business or at work without any lockout 
 or strike until the decision of said board is made 
 known; provided, that said board shall render its 
 decision within thirty days after the date of filing 
 such application. As soon as may be after the re¬ 
 ceipt of said application the secretary of said board 
 shall cause public notice to be given of the time 
 and place for the hearing thereof, but such notice 
 need not be given when both parties to the contro¬ 
 versy join in the application and request in writing 
 that it be not given. When notice has been given 
 or dispensed with as aforesaid the board may in its 
 discretion appoint two expert assistants, one to be 
 nominated by each of the parties to the controversy, 
 and such additional expert assistants as they may 
 deem necessary. Such assistants shall be sworn 
 to the faithful discharge of their duty. Should 
 the petitioner or petitioners fail to perform 
 the agreement made in said application the 
 board shall proceed no further thereupon with¬ 
 out the written consent of the adverse par- 
 
ty. The board shall have power to subpoena as wit¬ 
 nesses any operative in the departments of business 
 affected by the controversy and any person who keeps 
 the record of wages earned in such departments, to 
 examine them under oath and require the production 
 of books containing the record of wages paid. Sub¬ 
 poenas may be signed and oaths administered by 
 any member of the board. 
 
 Effect of Decision; Notice. —Section 1729e. The 
 decision of said board shall be binding upon the par¬ 
 ties who join in the application therefor for six 
 months after the same is filed with the proper city, 
 village or town clerk or until either party has given 
 the other notice in writing of his intention not to 
 be bound thereby from and after the expiration of 
 sixty days from the date thereof. Said notice may 
 be given by serving it upon the employer or his 
 representative, and upon the employes by posting it 
 in three conspicuous places in the shop, factory, yard, 
 or upon the premises where they work. 
 
 Duty of Mayor, Board, etc.—Section 1729f. When¬ 
 ever any mayor or board of village trustees or town 
 board shall believe that a strike or lockout is serious¬ 
 ly threatened or has actually occurred and that it 
 threatens to or does involve the business interests 
 of the city, village or town represented by said mayor, 
 trustees or board, such mayor, trustees or board 
 shall at once notify the secretary of the state board 
 of arbitration and conciliation of the fact and fur¬ 
 nish him with such information as may be available; 
 and it shall be the duty of the state board to inves¬ 
 tigate the condition there prevailing as soon as may 
 be and endeavor by mediation to effect an amicable 
 settlement between the employer and employes direct¬ 
 ly concerned in such strike or lockout and to endeavor 
 
hr o 
 
 - i O — 
 
 to persuade them to submit the matters in contro¬ 
 versy to the local board of arbitration and concilia¬ 
 tion, as hereinafter provided for, or to the state board, 
 but the latter may, if it deems it advisable, inves¬ 
 tigate the cause or causes of such controversy, as¬ 
 certain which of the parties is mainly or wholly 
 responsible for the existence or continuance there¬ 
 of and may make and publish a report stating its 
 conclusions in the premises. 
 
 Witness Fees. —Section 1729g. Witnesses subpoe¬ 
 naed by the state board shall be allowed for their 
 attendance and travel the same fees as are paid wit¬ 
 nesses in the circuit courts; each such witness shall 
 certify under oath in writing the amount of his travel 
 and the length of time of his attendance, and upon 
 the approval of such statement by the board and 
 the presentation thereof to the secretary of state a 
 warrant shall be drawn in his favor thereof. 
 
 Expenses and Compensation. —Section 1729h. The 
 members of said board shall be reimbursed the actual 
 and necessary expenses incurred in the performance 
 of their duties and be paid five dollars per day each 
 for every day actually and necessarily occupied 
 therein, accounts for which, properly verified, shall 
 be audited by the secretary of state. 
 
 Report.— Section 1729i. The state board shall, at 
 the close of every biennial fiscal term make a re¬ 
 port to the Governor which shall contain a succinct 
 statement of the decisions made by them during the 
 preceding two years and such recommendations as 
 they may deem proper; such report shall be printed 
 to the number of two thousand copies in the style 
 ether official reports are printed and be distributed 
 in the same way. 
 
\ 
 
 -74- 
 
 local BOARDS OF ARBITRATION. 
 
 Submission to Arbitration; Decision; Compensa¬ 
 tion.—Section 1729j. The parties to any controversy 
 within the provisions of section 1729c may submit 
 the same by an instrument in writing, for adjustment 
 to a local board of arbitration and conciliation which 
 may either be mutually agreed upon or the employer 
 may designate one of such arbitrators, the employees 
 or their duly authorized agent another, and the two 
 so designated may choose a third who shall be chair¬ 
 man thereof, such board shall in respect to the mat¬ 
 ters referred to it have and exercise all the powers 
 which the state board might have and exercise, and 
 its decisions shall have such binding effect as may 
 he agreed upon by the parties to the controversy in 
 the submission. The jurisdiction of such local board 
 shall be exclusive in respect to the matters submitted 
 to it, but it may ask and receive the advice and as¬ 
 sistance of the state board. Such local board shall 
 render its decision in writing within ten days after 
 the close of any hearing held by it and file a copy 
 thereof with the secretary of the state board. Each 
 member of the local board shall be entitled to re¬ 
 ceive from the treasurer of the city, village or town 
 in which the controversy or difference that is the 
 subject of arbitration exists, if such payment is ap¬ 
 proved in writing by the mayor, the board of trustees 
 or the town board, three dollars for each day of 
 actual service, not exceeding ten days for any one 
 arbitration. 
 
SYNOPTICAL INDEX 
 
 FACTORIES AND WORK SHOPS (OTHER THAN 
 CIGAR, CIGARETTE AND GARMENT MAK¬ 
 ING, ETC.), see pp. 78 to 86. 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Bureau officers — 
 
 May enter to obtain facts and examine provisions made for 
 
 health, safety, etc.Sec. 1021f. 12 
 
 May post in any factory or shop or on walls or cab of any 
 elevator laws relating to child labor, fire escapes or no¬ 
 tices as to other matters pertaining to health and safety 
 
 of employees.Sec. 1021h. 13 
 
 When they shall give written notice (that laws are vio¬ 
 lated) to Dist. Att’y, he shall at once institute proceed¬ 
 ings, and if he refuses or neglects to do so. Bureau offi¬ 
 cers may file charges and demand his removal.Sec. 10211. 16 
 
 Emery wheels, etc .— 
 
 Emery wheels, etc., used for polishing shall when deemed 
 necessary by ins ectors be provided with appliances as 
 herein required to protect employees from dust. 
 
 Sec. 3 to 6, Ch. 189, L. ’99. 32-33 
 No emery wheel or grind-stone to be used if defective nor 
 operated at greater speed than provided for by maker. 
 
 Sec. 2, Ch. 189, L. ’99. 32 
 
 Safe-guarding employees — 
 
 There shall be proper safe-guards and protection for em¬ 
 ployees from stationery vats, pans, etc., containing moul- 
 ten metal or hot liquids, also from belting, shapting, fly 
 wheels and other dangerous machinery as herein in¬ 
 
 quired.Sec. 1636j. 30 
 
 Elevators, wells and machinery may be ordered guarded 
 
 by inspectors...Sec. 1021h. 13-14 
 
 Elevators may be condemned if defective. 14 
 
 Speaking tubes or electric bells — 
 
 Speaking tubes or electric bells shall be provided if re¬ 
 quired by Bureau officers, between rooms where machin¬ 
 ery is operated by steam and engineer’s room.. Sec. 10211i 14 
 
 Blanks sent to employers — 
 
 Blanks sent by Bureau to employers must be properly filled 
 out and returned...Sec. 102ii. 15 
 
 Fire escapes — 
 
 Buildings of three or more stories where 25 or more persons 
 work shall have one or more fire proof ladders or stairs 
 and connected therewith iron balconies and standpipes 
 
 as herein specified . .Sec. 4390a. 22-23 
 
 Outer doors shall swing outwardly and storm doors if used 
 to have a glass 15 in. sq. not less than 4 ft. from the 
 floor.Ch. 380, JL. ’01, amend’g sec. 4390. 27-28 
 
Page of 
 
 Employees '— pamphlet. 
 
 Women shall not be employed over 8 hours in one day in 
 
 any place used for manuf’g.Sec. 1728. 16 
 
 More persons shall not be employed than can be kept at 
 
 work without violating laws of health.Sec. I636j. 29-30 
 
 Female employees to be provided with suitable seats and 
 allowed to use them when not necessarily employed. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 77, L. ’99. 29 
 
 See ante, p. 75, as to safeguarding employees. 
 
 Child labor — 
 
 Children under 14 not to be employed. 
 
 Sec. 2, Ch. 182, L. ’01, amend’g Ch. 274, L. ’99. 17 
 
 (For provisions as to permit in certain cases see Sec. 6, Ch. 
 
 182, L. ’01.) 
 
 A register shall be kept in which shall be the name, age, 
 date of birth and residence of every cbild under 16 at 
 
 work.Sec. 2, Ch. 182, L. ’01. 18 
 
 Employees under 16 must not work unless there is on file 
 in such factory an affidavit as herein provided. This 
 affidavit on demand of inspector must be produced. 
 
 Sec. 2, Ch. 182, L. ’01. 18 
 
 Employees under 16 not to work more than 10 hours daily 
 nor after 9 P. M. or before 6 A. M., nor have charge of 
 
 elevator.Sec. 3 and 7, Ch. 182, L. ’01. 19-20 
 
 No minor shall work who cannot obtain a physician’s cer¬ 
 tificate of physical fitness. 
 
 Sec. 5, Ch. 274, L. ’01, amended by Ch. 182, L. ’01. 19 
 
 Penalties — 
 
 For mutilating or removing laws posted in factories or 
 work shops or refusing to obey written order to guard 
 
 machinery, fine $50 for each offense. 13 
 
 Persons owning or controlling operation of elevators con¬ 
 tinued in use wi'hout being properly repaired after re¬ 
 ceiving written notice made civilly and criminally liable. 14 
 For violating order to provide speaking tubes or electric 
 bells between engineer’s ‘room and steam operated ma¬ 
 chinery room, fine from $10 to $50. (30 days’ written no¬ 
 tice required.) '.Sec. 1021h. 14 
 
 For refusing Bureau officers admittance to work shop, for¬ 
 feit of $10 for each offense. 15 
 
 For failing to fill out blanks as required, forfeit of $10 for 
 each day delayed after fixed time for return .. Sec. 1021i. 15 
 
 For neglecting or failing for 30 days after written notice to 
 provide suitable places for employees to work or fail to 
 provide safe-guards required shall foi’feit not exceeding 
 
 $25 for each offense .. 30 
 
 Every day’s neglect or failure after conviction constitutes 
 
 a separate offense.Sec. 1636j. 30 
 
 For failing for three months after written notice to pro¬ 
 vide means of fire escape and protection as hereiu pro¬ 
 vided, fine not to exceed $100.Sec. 4390a. 26 
 
 For corporations violating this (child labor) actor hinder¬ 
 ing or delaying Bureau officers, fine from $10 to $100 for 
 
 each offense. 20-21 
 
 Parent or guardian violating thi’ act, fine from $5 to $25. 
 
 Sec. 9, Cli. 274, L. ’99, amended by Ch. 182, L. ’01. 21 
 
 For violating this section which provides that those erect¬ 
 ing factories shall have doors swung out, fine $500 or |90 
 days’ imprisonment. 
 
 Sec. 4390, amended by Ch. 380. L. ’01. 23 
 
 For failing to provide seats for females and permit their 
 use, fine from $10 to $30 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 2, Ch. 77, L. ’99. 29 
 
— 77 — 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 For failing: to comply with this act regulating use of 
 emery wheels, belts, etc., fine from $25 to $100. 
 
 Sec. 8, Ch. 189, L. '99. 34 
 
 For compelling a woman to work more than 8 hours in 1 
 day, fine $5 to $50.Sec. 1728. 17 
 
 CHAPTER 189, OF THE LAWS OF ’99, KNOWN AS 
 EMERY WHEEL ACT. 
 
 Object of Act — 
 
 To protect employees from dust produced by operating pol¬ 
 ishing wheels or belts. 31 
 
 To whom applicable — 
 
 Those operating factories or shops where any of the follow¬ 
 ing appliances are continuously used for polishing (in 
 apartments known as polishing rooms): 
 
 Emery wheels or emery belts of any description either of 
 solid emery, leather, leather covered, felt, canvas, linen, 
 
 paper or cotton . 31 
 
 Wheels or belts rolled or coated with emery or corundum 31 
 Cotton wheels used as buffs.Sec. 1. 31 
 
 Requirements — 
 
 Blowers — provisions for placing of — Blowers shall be pro¬ 
 vided when required by inspectors which shall be so 
 placed as to wheels or belts as to protect those using 
 same from, and carry away the dust produced thereby. 
 
 Sec. 1 31 
 
 Iron hood or hopper. Application of — An iron hood or 
 hopper shall be applied to each wheel, so that dust or 
 refuse therefrom will be carried off by air current into 
 suction pipe attached thereto.Sec' 3 33 
 
 Size of pipe — 
 
 There shall be provided: 
 
 For wheels 6 in. in diameter a 3 in. suction pipe. 32 
 
 For wheels 6 to 24 in. in diameter a 4 in. suction pipe_ 32 
 
 For wheels 24 to 36 in. in diameter a 5 in. suction pipe ... 32 
 
 For wheels larger in diame'er a 6 in. suction pipe. 32 
 
 Pipe must be full size to main trunk pipe which in size and 
 capacity must equal combined area of smaller pipe lead¬ 
 ing to it, and discharge pipe from exhaust fan shall be 
 
 no smaller than suction pipe.Sec. 4 33 
 
 Fan or blower connections — Operation — Necessary fans or 
 blowers shall be connected with such pipes and run at a 
 speed to produce air current sufficient to carry away dust 
 
 gathered by hood or hopper. . 33 
 
 Branch pipes — Branch pipes must enter main trunk at an¬ 
 gle not over 45 degrees.. 33 
 
 Main trunk pipe — Main trunk pipe to be below wheel and 
 near it — either on or under floor which supports wheel.. 33 
 
 Pipe elbows — Elbows, bends and turns of pipes to have 
 smooth surfaces and a radius in throat of not less than 
 
 twice that of connecting- pipe.Sec. 5 33 
 
 Defective wheels and grindstones — Speed of wheels and 
 grindstones — Emery wheels and grindstones shall not be 
 knowingly used if defective, nor operated at greater 
 speed than indicated by makers.Sec. 2 32 
 
—78 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Exemptions — 
 
 Grinding — Machines upon which water is used at grind¬ 
 ing point... 31 
 
 Wheels and belts which are outside of polishing room or 
 which cannot be equipped as above provided without im¬ 
 pairing their convenient or necessary use are exempt 
 
 from the provisions of this act.Sec. 1 31 
 
 Certain places equipped before Aug. 14,’99 — The provi¬ 
 sions of Secs. 4 and 5 shall not apply to mills, factories or 
 shops which had on Aug. 14, ’99, appliances which wore 
 designed to and do substantially remove dust from 
 polishing room.Sec. 6 33 
 
 Duty of Inspectors. Police Justice and Dist. Ally .— 
 
 Police Justice — Dist. Atty.—Inspectors shall enter such 
 factories or shops and finding that law is not obeyed, 
 shall make complaint in writing before Police Justice 
 who shall issue his warrant directed to offending parties, 
 who shall be proceeded against and the district attorney 
 shall prosecute.Sec. 7 34 
 
 Penalty — 
 
 Fine $25 to $100 — These operating factories or shops fail¬ 
 ing to comply with this act shall be fined not less than 
 $25 or more than $100.Sec. 8 34 
 
 GARMENT MAKING, ETC., IN TENEMENTS, 
 AND DWELLINGS, ETC., (SO CALLED 
 SWEAT-SHOPS). 
 
 An analysis of Ch. 239, L. ’01, and other laws applica¬ 
 ble to making, finishing or repairing wearing apparel, 
 etc. 
 
 (For provisions as to manufacturing generally see under “ Factor¬ 
 ies and workshops.”) 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Rooms or apartments in tenements , dwellings, etc. 
 
 Shall not be used for making, finishing or repairing wear¬ 
 ing apparel, unless a license is secured therefor to con¬ 
 form with this act. 39 
 
 Shall provide for each person employed therein not less 
 than 250 cu. ft. air space from 6 A. M. to 6 P. M., and 400 
 cn. ft. from 6 P. M to 6 A. M.. unless special written per¬ 
 mit given by Bureau officials provides otherwise. 40 
 
 If commissioner or factory inspector require it, shall be 
 separate from and not open into living or sleeping rooms. 42 
 Shall have an entrance from outside direct. (If above first 
 
 floor a separate stairway). 42 
 
 Shall be properly lighted, heated and ventilated, if neces¬ 
 sary by mechanical appliance.Sec. 3, Ch. 239, L. ’01 42 
 
 Goods shall not be contracted to be made in any building 
 that does not conform to this act or unless occupant pos¬ 
 sesses a license as herein required.. Sec 1, Ch. 2i9, L. ’01 39-40 
 
79 — 
 
 t 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Rooms or apartments in tenements, dwellings, etc.— Con. 
 
 Premises to be clean and subject to inspection of Bureau 
 
 officers . . 40-11 
 
 Those giving out material to be made into these goods 
 shall keep a register, written in English, of the names 
 and addresses of persons to whom work is given out. 
 
 This register is subject to inspection by Bureau officers, 
 and a copy thereof furnished at their request. 
 
 Sec. 4, Ch. 239. L. ’01 43 
 
 Owners, lessees or aerents shall not permit them to be used 
 for the making, finishing or repairing of wearing apparel 
 
 contrary to this act. 44 
 
 When so unlawfully used the Bureau officers shall serve 
 notice upon such owner, lessee or agent. 
 
 Sec. 6, Ch. 239, L. ’01 44 
 
 Closets — 
 
 If commissioner or inspectors require it there shall be 
 
 suitable closets for each sex. 42-43 
 
 Shall be kept strictly and exclusively for the use of em¬ 
 ployees and employer ..... . 42-43 
 
 Shall either be ' inside the building with adequate plumb¬ 
 ing or outside at least 20 ft. from building. 42-43 
 
 Whore the number employed exceeds 25 of either sex there 
 shall be an additional closet for such sex up to 50 per¬ 
 sons and above that number in the same ratio. 43 
 
 Shall be regularly disinfected and supplied with disinfect¬ 
 ants._.Sec. 3, Ch. 239, L. ’0t 43 
 
 Note — The provision as to closets in Ch. 239, L. ’01, 
 should be construed with more rigid requirements in 
 Sec. 7, Ch. 79, L. ’99, which relates to cigar factories 
 only . 
 
 Employees — 
 
 More persons shall not be employed than can be kept at 
 
 work without violating laws of health .Sec. 1021g 13 
 
 Shall each have not less than 250 cu. ft. air space from 6 
 A. M. to 6 P. M., and 400 cu. ft. from 6 P. M. to 6 A. M., 
 unless special written permit given by the Bureau officials 
 
 provides otherwise . Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01 40 
 
 Number of employes must be specified in application or 
 
 license. 40 
 
 Shall be provided (if females) with suitable seats, and 
 permitted to use them when not necessarily engaged in 
 
 duties... Ch. 77. L. ’99 29 
 
 Women shall not be employed in any place used for mfg. 
 
 over 8 hrs. in any one day.Sec. 1728 16 
 
 Note — For provisions as to outward swinging doors, 
 fire-escapes on factories three or more stories high, and 
 having 25 or more employes, see Sec. 4390, as amended by 
 Ch. 380, L. ’01, and 4390. For provisions as to “ Closets,” 
 see above. 
 
 Child labor — 
 
 Shall not (if under 14 years of age) bo employed in any fac¬ 
 tory (except a special written permit has been issued as 
 
 herein required; . 17 
 
 A register shall be kept in factory in which must be the 
 name, age, date of birth, residence, of every child at 
 work under 16 .. 18 
 
—80 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Employees— Con. 
 
 Employes under 16 must not work unless there is on file in 
 factory an affidavit as herein provided. (Affidavit and 
 register on demand must be produced for inspectors.) ... IS 
 Employees under sixteen must not work after 9 P. M. or 
 
 before 6 A. M. nor have charge of any elevator. 19 
 
 Minors must not work who can not obtain from a physi¬ 
 cian a certificate of physical fitness for the work- 
 
 Ch. 274, L. ’99, amended by Ch. 182, L. ’01 19 
 
 License — 
 
 For making, finishing or repairing wearing apparel in 
 room or apartments of dwelling or tenement jhouses, or 
 in rear thereof, is required before rooms, etc., can be 
 
 legally thus used . 39 
 
 Applications for — 
 
 Application to be made to the commissioner to make, 
 finish or repair any wearing apparel: 
 
 Shall describe such room or apartment. 39 
 
 Shall specify number of persons employed therein.... 39 
 
 Shall be in such form as the commissioner may determine 39 
 
 Applications— blanks for — 
 
 Shall be prepared by said commissioner. 39 
 
 License — pre requisite to granting — 
 
 Before granting license an inspection must be made. 39 
 
 To be granted when — 
 
 If premises are clean and satisfactory and the work may 
 be done under healthy conditions, a license shall be 
 granted . 39-40 
 
 What to state — 
 
 To state maximum number of persons to be employed in 
 room, etc., which shall be determined by number of cu. 
 ft. of air space therein. 40 
 
 Must be posted — 
 
 Inconspicuous place in room, etc. 40 
 
 May be revoked — 
 
 By commissioner or inspdctor if rooms, etc., are not in 
 sanitary condition. 40 
 
 When revoked or refused, mfrs. may appeal — 
 
 When license is refused or revoked owing to unsanitary 
 conditions, the person aggrieved may appeal to the local 
 board of health and said board may investigate and re¬ 
 port in writing to Bureau officers if it is found that a li¬ 
 cense can be properly granted, and it shall thereupon be 
 issued.Sec. 2, Ch. 239, L. ’01 41-42 
 
 Wearing apparel — 
 
 Shall not be received, handled, held in stock or sold unless 
 made under the requirements of this act. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01 41 
 
 May be condemned and destroyed by local board of health 
 if unfit for use. because made in places whe e infectious 
 or contagious diseases exist.Sec. 5, Ch. 239, L. ’01 43-44 
 
—81 
 
 Duties and powers — 
 Of commissioner — 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Power — 
 
 Commissioner may prescribe blank, forms and trans¬ 
 mit them to employers to be filled out under oath and 
 returned to him.Sec. 1021i 15 
 
 Of commissioner and factory inspectors — 
 
 Duty — 
 
 To enforce this law and prosecute its violation. 24 
 
 To visit and inspect all places covered by this act. 24 
 
 To serve notice upon owner, lessee or qgent of build¬ 
 ing when rooms and apartments are unlawfully used.. 
 
 Sec 6, Ch. 239, L. ’01 44 
 
 To report to local board of health when infectious or 
 contagious diseases exist where wearing apparel is 
 made.Sec. a, Ch. 239, L. ’01 44 
 
 Power — 
 
 May demand a physician’s certificate of physical fitness to 
 work in case of children who seem unfit for work at 
 
 which they are employed..... .. 19 
 
 May in their discretion after due examination, grant per¬ 
 mit to children over 12 years to work under conditions 
 herein named. 
 
 Ch. 274, L. ’99, amended by Ch. 182, L. ’01 19 
 
 May require all necessary changes, cleaning, painting, 
 white-washing, which they deem essential to insure free¬ 
 dom from vermin, stench, or condition liable to impair 
 
 health or breed disease.Sec. 2, Ch. 239, L. ’01 42 
 
 May file charges and demand removal of Dist. Atty who 
 fails to bring proceedings at once where law is violated 
 after having written notice.Sec. 10211 16 
 
 Penalties — 
 
 For violating acts affecting garment making and places 
 where garments are made. 
 
 (So-called sweat-shop act.) 
 
 Fine $20 to $100 each offense, or imprisonment 20 to 60 
 
 days or both. 45 
 
 In prosecutions where accused is acquitted the costs 
 shall be paid out of the county treasury. 45 
 
 Unless owner, lessee or agent upon notice stops un¬ 
 lawful manufacture, or proceeds to oust the occu¬ 
 pant, lie shall be deemed as guilty as if he himself 
 
 manufactured illegally.Ch. 239, L. ’01 44 
 
 For failing to provide seats for female employed and per¬ 
 mit their use, $10 to $30 for each offense.Ch. 77, L. ’99 29 
 
 For compelling a woman to work more than 8 hrs. in any 
 one day in any place used for mfg., fine $5 to $50. 
 
 Sec.1728 16 
 
 For failing to fill out blanks required by commissioner, 
 forfeit $10 for each day delay after fixed return time ; for 
 failing to admit Bureau officers to shop, forfeit $10 fern 
 
 each offense.Sec. l021i 15 
 
 For neglecting for 30 days after written notice to provide 
 suitable place for employes to work, forfeit $25 for each 
 
 offense. 30 
 
 Every day’s neglect or failure after conviction to consti¬ 
 tute separate offense.Sec. 1636j £0 
 
 / 
 
— 82 — 
 
 Pape of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Penalties —Con. 
 
 Fine not more than $500 or 90 days’ imprisonment for vio¬ 
 lating this section, which provides that those erecting 
 factories shall have outer doors swing outward. 
 
 Sec. 4390, amended by Ch. 380, L. ’01 28 
 
 Any corporation violating this act or hindering or delay¬ 
 ing inspectors, subject to fine of $10 to $100 for each 
 
 offense..... .. 20 
 
 Parent or guardian who permits child to work in violation 
 this act, subject to fine of $5 to $25.Ch. 274, L. ’99 21 
 
 ACTS RELATING TO CIGAR FACTORIES 
 
 And places where cigars and cigarettes are made. 
 
 Note.— Ch. 79 of the laws of ’99 relates to cigar mak¬ 
 ing only; Ch. 239 of the laws of ’01 to the making of 
 cigars and cigarettes. For provisions covering manu¬ 
 facturing generally, see under ‘“Factories and work¬ 
 shops.” 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Shops or places wherein cigars arp made — 
 
 Shall not be located below ground floor. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 79, L. ’99. 45 
 
 Shall have twenty sq. ft. surface space unobstructed to 
 ceiling for each employee while employed. 
 
 Sec. 2, Ch. 79. L. ’99. 45 
 
 Shall contain at least 700 sq. ft. air space and shall be at 
 least 8 ft. in height in every part of ceiling. 
 
 Sec. 3, Ch. 79, L. ’99. 46 
 
 Shall be so ventilated that air shall not become unhealthy ; 
 air shall be so changed as lo render harmless, gases, 
 
 dust and impurities.Sec. 4, Ch. 79, L. ’99. 45 
 
 Shall be kept clean and dust removed from tables and 
 floors daily; floors shall be scrubbed at least once a 
 
 week.Sec. 5, Ch. 179, L. ’99 46 
 
 Rooms or apartments in tenements, dwellings , etc .— 
 
 Shall not be used for making cigars or cigarettes unless a 
 
 license is secured t> erefor to conform to this act. 39 
 
 Shall provide for each person emploved therein not less 
 than 250 cu. ft air space from 6 A. M. to 6 P. M. and 400 
 cu. ft. from 6 P. M. to 6 A. M. unless special written per¬ 
 mit given by Bureau officials provides otherwise. 40 
 
 If commissioner or factory inspectors require it, they shall 
 be separate from and not open into living or sleeping 
 
 rooms. 42 
 
 Shall not be used at any time for sleeping purposes or con¬ 
 tain a bed, bedding, cooking or other utensils. 42 
 
 Shall have an entrance from outside direct. (If above 
 
 first floor a separate stairway thereto ). . 42 
 
 Shall be properly lighted, heated and ventilated if neces¬ 
 sary by mechanical appliance.Sec. 3, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 42 
 
—S3— 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Rooms or apartments in tenements , dwellings, ete— Con. 
 
 Goods shall not be contracted to be made in any room or 
 apartment or in any building that does not conform to 
 this act or unless occupant possesses a license as herein 
 required. Premises to be clean and subject to inspec¬ 
 tion of Bureau officers .Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’Oh 39 
 
 Those giving out material to be made up into these goods 
 shall keep a register, written in English, of names and 
 addresses of persons to whom work is given. This reg¬ 
 ister to be subject to inspection by Bureau officers and a 
 copy thereof furnished at their request. 
 
 Sec. 4, Ch. 239, L ’01. 43 
 
 Owners, lessees or agents of — shall not permit them to be 
 used for the making of cigars or cigarettes contrary to 
 
 this act. 44 
 
 When so unlawfully used the Bureau officers shall serve a 
 notice upon such owner, lessee or agent. 
 
 Sec. 6, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 44 
 
 Windows — 
 
 Where cigars are made 
 
 Shall each be at least 12 sq. ft. in superficial area. 46 
 
 Entire window area in every room shall be at least 12 per 
 cent, of the floor space in such room.. Sec. 2, Ch. 79, L. ’99 46 
 
 Shall be kept open for 30 minutes before and after work¬ 
 ing hours.Sec. 4, Ch. 79, L. ’99. 46 
 
 Closets — 
 
 If com’r or inspectors require it there shall be suitable 
 
 closets for each sex._. 42 
 
 Shall be kept strictly and exclusively for the use of em¬ 
 ployees and employers of factory. 42 
 
 Shall either be inside the building with adequate plumb¬ 
 ing or outside at least 20 ft. from bldg. 42 
 
 Where number employed exceeds 25 of either sex there 
 shall be an additional closet for such sex up to 50 per¬ 
 sons and above that number in the same ratio. 43 
 
 Shall be regularly disinfected and supplied with disin¬ 
 fectants.-.Sec. 3, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 4 
 
 Note.— The provision as to closets in Ch. 239, L.’01, 
 should be construed in connection with more rigid re¬ 
 quirements in section 7, Ch. 79, L. ’99, which relates to 
 cigar factories only. 
 
 Employees — 
 
 More persons shall not be employed than can be kept at 
 
 work without violating laws of health.Sec. 102 Ig. 13 
 
 Shall be allowed to use 20 sq. ft. of surface space unob¬ 
 structed to ceiling.Sec. 2, Ch. 79. L. ’99. 45 
 
 Shall each have not less than 250 cu. ft. air space from 6 
 A. M. to 6 P. M. and 400 cu. ft. from 6 P. M. to 6 A. M. un¬ 
 less special written permit given by Bureau officials pro¬ 
 vides otherwise.Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 40 
 
 Number of — 
 
 must be specified in application and license. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 40 
 
 Shall be provided with one cuspidor for every two per¬ 
 sons..Sec. 5. Ch. 79, L. ’98. 46 
 
 Shall not be permitted (if under 18 years of age) to work 
 at manufacturing cigars more than 8 hours daily or 48 
 hours weekly.Sec. 6, Ch. 79, L. 99. 
 
 46 
 
84 
 
 Page of 
 
 Number of— Con. pamphlet. 
 
 Women shall not be employed in any place used for manu¬ 
 facturing over 8 hours in any one day.Sec. 1728 16 
 
 Shall be provided (if females) with suitable seats and be 
 permitted to use them when not necessarily engaged in 
 
 duties. .Ch. 77, L. ’99. 29 
 
 Note. — For provisions as to outward swinging doors, 
 fire escapes on factories three or more stories high and 
 having 25 or more employees, see sections 4890 and 4390a 
 as amended by Ch. 380, L. ’01. For provisions as to 
 “closets” see ante, p. 83. 
 
 Child labor — 
 
 Shall not (if under 14 years of age) be employed in any fac¬ 
 tory (except a special permit has been issued as herein 
 
 provided).’. 17 
 
 A register shall be kept in the factory in which must be 
 the name, age, date of birth, residence of every child at 
 
 work under 16.j. 18 
 
 Employees under 16 must not work unless there is on file 
 
 in factory an affidavit as herein provided. 18 
 
 (Affidavit and register, on demand, must be produced for 
 
 inspectors) . 18 
 
 Employees under 16 must not work after 9 P. M. or before 
 
 6 A. M., nor have charge of any elevator .. 19 
 
 Minors must not work who cannot obtain a physician’s 
 certificate of phvsical fitness for the work. 
 
 Ch. 274, L. ’99, amended by Ch. 182, L. ’01. 19 
 
 License — 
 
 For making cigars or cigarettes in rooms or apartments of 
 tenements or dwelling houses, or in rear thereof, is re¬ 
 
 quired b fore rooms, etc., can he legally so used. 39 
 
 Applications for 
 
 Application to be made to com’r to manufacture cigars 
 
 or cigarettes . 39 
 
 Shall describe such room or apartment. 39 
 
 Shall specify number of persons to be employed therein. .. 39 
 
 Shall be in such form as said com’r may determine. 39 
 
 Applications, blanks for — 
 
 Shall be prepared by said commissioner. 39 
 
 License — 
 
 pre-requisites to granting 
 
 Before granting license an inspection must be made by 
 
 said com’r or inspectors. 39 
 
 To he granted, when : 
 
 If premises are clean and satisfactory and the work may 
 be done under healthy conditions a license shall he 
 
 granted. 39 
 
 What to state: 
 
 To state maximum number of persons to be employed in 
 room, etc., which shall be determined by number cu. ft. 
 of air space therein. 40 
 
 Must be posted — 
 
 in conspicuous place in room, etc. 40 
 
 May be revoked by com’r or inspectors if rooms are not in 
 proper sanitary condition .... .Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01._40 
 
 When revoked or refused,'manufacturer may appeal. 
 
 When license is refused or revoked, owing to unsanitary 
 conditions, the persons aggrieved may appeal to the 
 local board of health and said board may investigate and 
 report in writing to Bureau officers il^ it is found that a 
 license can be properly granted and it shall then be is¬ 
 sued.Sec. 2, Ch. 239, L.’01. 41 
 
— 85 — 
 
 Page of 
 
 Cigars and cigarettes — pamphlet, 
 
 Shall not be received, handled, held in stock or sold un'ess 
 made under the requirements of this act. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 41 
 
 ~ May be condemned and destroyed by local board of health 
 
 * if unfit for use because made in places where infections 
 
 or contagious diseases exist.Sec. 5, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 43 
 
 , Duties and powers — 
 
 Of commissioner — 
 
 Power — 
 
 Commissioner may prescribe blank forms and transmit 
 them to employers to be filled out under oath and re¬ 
 turned to him.Sec. I02li. 15 
 
 Of commissioner or factory inspectors — 
 
 Duty — 
 
 To enforce this law and prosecute its violation . 24 
 
 To visit and inspect all places covered by this act. 24 
 
 To serve notice upon owner, lessee or agent of building 
 when rooms and apartments are unlawfully used. 
 
 Sec. 6, Ch 239, L. ’01. 44 
 
 To report to local board of health when infectious or 
 contagious diseases exist where cigars or cigarettes 
 
 are made...Sec. 5, Ch. 239, L ’01 44 
 
 See general provisions under factories and workshops 
 applying to fire escapes, elevators, dangerous machin¬ 
 ery, etc. Secs. I0211i, 1636j. 
 
 Power — 
 
 May enter premises to obtain facts. 
 
 Sec. 1021f, amended by Ch. 158, L. ’99. 12 
 
 May file charges and demand removal of Dist. Att’y 
 who fails to bring proceedings when notified that 
 
 laws are violated.Sec. 10211. 16 
 
 May demand a physician’s certificate of physical fitness 
 in case of children who seem physically unfit for work 
 
 at which employed. 19 
 
 May in their discretion after due examination grant 
 permit to children over 12 years to work under condi¬ 
 tions herein named. 
 
 Ch. 274, L. ’99, amended by Ch. 182, L. ’01. 19 
 
 May require all necessary changes, cleaning, painting 
 or white-washing, which they deem essential to in¬ 
 sure freedom from vermin, stench or condition liable 
 to impair health or breed desease. 
 
 Sec. 3, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 42 
 
 Pen aides — 
 
 For violating acts affecting cigar factories and places 
 p where cigars and cigarettes are made.. 
 
 (Cigar Factory Act ). 
 
 Fine from $10 to $25 for first offense and $25 to $50 for 
 
 each following offense. . 47 
 
 There can be no prosecution under sections 2, 3 and 4 
 unless employer has had four weeks’ notice by regis¬ 
 tered letter requiring changes and notice not com¬ 
 plied with.Cli. 79, Li. ’99. 47 
 
 (So-called “ Sweat Shop” Acto 
 Fine $20 to $100 each offense., or imprisonment' 20 to 60 
 
 days or both .... 45 
 
 In prosecutions where accused is acquitted the costs 
 shall be paid out of county treasury . 45 
 
— 86 - 
 
 Page of 
 
 Penalties —Con. pamphlet. 
 
 Unless owner, lessee or agent, upon notice, stops un¬ 
 lawful manufacture or proceeds to oust occupant, he 
 shall be deemed as guilty as if he himself manufact¬ 
 ured illegally.Ch. 239, L. ’01. 44 
 
 For failing to provide suitable seats for female employees / 
 and permit their use, $10 to $30 for each offense. 
 
 Ch. 77, L. ’99. 29 
 
 For failing to fill out blanks required by commissioner, 
 forfeit $10 for each day delayed after fixed return time; 
 for failiug to admit bureau officers to shop, forfeit $10 
 
 for each offense.Sec. 1021 i. 15 
 
 For neglecting for 30 days after written notice to provide 
 suitable place for employees to work, forfeit $25 for each 
 
 offense... 30 
 
 Every day’s neglect or failure after conviction to consti¬ 
 tutes separate offense.Sec. 1636j. 30 
 
 For compelling a woman to work more than 8 hours in any 
 one day in any place used for manufacturing, fine $5 to 
 
 $50..,. Sec. 172S. 16 
 
 Fine not more than $500 or imprisonment 90 days for vio¬ 
 lating this section, which provides that those erecting 
 factories shall have outer doors swing outward. 
 
 Sec. 4390, amended by Ch. 380, L. ’01. 2$ 
 
 Any corporation violating this actor hindering or delaying 
 inspectors, subject to fine of $10 to $100 for each offense.. 20 
 
 Parent or guardian who permits child to work in violation 
 of this act, subject to fine of $5 to $25.Ch. 274, L. ’99. 21 
 
 HOTELS, LODGING, BOARDING AND TENE.- 
 
 MENT HOUSES. 
 
 (When rooms in tenements are used in which to make garments, 
 cigars, cigarettes, etc., see pp. 78-81.) 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Requirements — 
 
 Buildings which must have fire escapes — 
 
 Buildings over two stories and containing aoove ground 
 
 floor sleeping rooms for 25 or more. 22 
 
 Fire escapes, Number, location, character — 
 
 Shall have one or more outside fire-proof stairs or lad¬ 
 ders in number as and located as designated by Bureau 
 
 or municipal fire officers. 22 
 
 Platforms — 
 
 Such escapes shall connect the cornice with top of 
 first story by wrought iron platform ample to serve at 
 least two windows of each story. Platforms to be con¬ 
 venient, commodious and strong. 22 
 
 Stand pipe and hose valves — 
 
 There • shall be attached to such stairs or ladders a 
 wrought iron stand pipe extending from 3 ft. above roof 
 to 5 ft. of ground. A 2)4 in. angle hose valve with male 
 connection shall be attached thereto at each story 
 above first, and on roof, and a double female connec¬ 
 tion at base of pipe with threads conforming to size 
 and pattern used by local fire department. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 349, L. ’01 22 
 
Pape of 
 
 Requirements— Con. pamphlet. 
 
 Fire-proof elevator walls — 
 
 Inside walls or casings of passenger elevators to be of 
 fireproof material.Sec. 2, Cli. 319, L. ’OL 24 
 
 Watchman — 
 
 If structure has 100 rooms or more, at least one watchman 
 shall be on duty from 10 P. M. to 5 A. M. each night 
 when occupied. 24 
 
 Printed statement regarding fire escapes — red lights — 
 
 There shall be posted in every room a legibly printed 
 statement of means of safety and escape from fire and 
 a red light kept burning at head of each stairway, also 
 at or near exit to fire escape.Sec. 3, Ch. 319, L. ’01 24 
 
 Rope from room to ground- 
 in every room fronting street, alley or vacant ground 
 above first floor there shall be kept in plain sight, se¬ 
 curely attached therein, a hemp rope at least 114 in. in 
 diameter, long enough to reach to the ground and 
 strong enough to sustain 500 lbs., but buildings pro¬ 
 vided with adequate escapes approved by the factory 
 inspectors are exempt torn such requirement. 
 
 Ch. 173, L. ’01 27 
 
 Doors to swing out — 
 
 Every hotel, etc., must be provided with outer doors 
 that swing outward, and when storm doors are used 
 they shall have at least 4 ft. from floor, a glass 15 in. 
 sq. or larger, “ unless factory inspectors deem it other¬ 
 wise ”.Sec. 4390, amended by Ch. 380, L. ’01 27 
 
 Bureau officers’ duty — 
 
 Bureau officers shall enforce the provisions of this act. 
 
 Upon obtaining knowledge that any person has not 
 complied with the law, shall file written statement with 
 Dist. Att’y who shall prosecute. ..Sec. 4, Ch. 349, L. ’01 24 
 
 May examine hotels, lodging and boarding houses to see 
 if properly equipped with fire escapes. May post laws 
 therein relating thereto.Sec. 102lg 13 
 
 May order elevator wells enclosed or guarded. 14 
 
 May condemn unsafe elevators Sec. 1021h—1636j. 29 
 
 When they shall give written notice to Dist. Att’y that 
 laws are violated, said Dist. Att’y shall at once insti¬ 
 tute procedings, and if he neglects or refuses to do so 
 Bureau officers may file charges and demand his re¬ 
 moval.Sec. 10211 16 
 
 Employees — 
 
 No child under 16 to have the care of or operate any ele¬ 
 vator ... 19 
 
 No person under 16 shall work for wages at any gainful oc¬ 
 cupation more than 10 hrs. daily or six days weekly, 
 nor after 9 P. M. or before 6 A. M. 
 
 Ch. 182, L. ’01, amending Ch. 274, D. ’99 19 
 
 Penalties — 
 
 Persons failing to comply with requirements of this act 
 within ninety days after written notice to be punished 
 according to law.Sec. 4. Ch. 349, L. ’01 25 
 
 For removing or mutilating laws or statements posted in 
 hotels by factory inspectors, fine $50 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 1021g 13 
 
 Owner, tenant or person in charge who fails or neglects, 
 after written notice, to complv with any provision re¬ 
 lating to protection fr>m fire, fine not over $l,00(> or im¬ 
 prisonment not over 90 days .Sec. 5, Ch. 349, L. ’01 25 
 
- 88 - 
 
 Page of 
 
 Penalties —Con. pamphlet. 
 
 Owner, tenant, cori>oration or person in charge who fails 
 to provide fire escapes, and for outer doors to swing 
 outwardly, or any architect who has prepared plaus in 
 conflict with law, fine not less than $000 or imprisonment 
 
 not over 90 days.Sec. 4390, amended bv Ch 380, L. ’01 28 
 
 Employers who violate child labor law, subject to fine $10 
 
 to $100 for each offense. k . 20 
 
 Parent or guardian, fine $5 to $25. 
 
 Sec. 9and 10, Ch. 182, L. ’01 21 
 
 Any person in charge of such hotel, etc., who violates this 
 act shall be fined from $25 to $100 or imprisoned not 
 over 90 days o” both.Sec. 3, Ch. 173, L. ’01 27 
 
 MERCANTILE ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 Requirements — 
 
 Factory inspectors may enter to obtain facts, etc.; to ex¬ 
 amine provisions made for health and safety..Sec. 1021 f. 12 
 
 Inside walls of passenger elevators shall be of fire proof 
 
 material .Sec. 2. Ch. 349, L. ’01. 24 
 
 Elevator wells and dangerous machinery to be guarded; 
 elevators may be condemned if defective. 
 
 Sec. 1021h and 1636j. 14 
 
 When Bureau officers give written notice that laws are 29 
 violated to Dist. Att’y. he should at once institute pro- 30 
 ceedings, and if he refuses or neglects to do so Bureau 
 officers may file charges and demand his removal. 
 
 Sec. 10211. 16 
 
 Buildings of three or more stories where 25 or more persons 
 work shall have fire proof ladders or stairs and connected 
 therewith iron balconies and stand pipes all as herein 
 
 fully specified. 
 
 Outer doors to swing outward. 
 
 Sec. 4390a and Ch. 380, L. ’01, amending Sec. 4390. 25 
 
 Any place of public resort or store building over 2 stories 
 high shall have fire proof ladders or stairs, wrought-iron 
 platforms, hose connections, etc., etc., as herein pro 
 
 vided .Sec. 1, Ch. 349, L. ’01. 22 
 
 Children under 14 not to be employed except during vaca¬ 
 tion of public schools. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 1&2, L. ’01, amending Ch. 274, L. ’99. 17 
 
 Except a permit is obtained which is provided for in cer¬ 
 tain cases...Sec. 6, Ch 162, L. ’01. 19 
 
 A register to be kept, on premises in which shad be the 
 name, aee, date of birth and residence of every child un¬ 
 der 14 at work... 18 
 
 Employees under 16 must not work unless there is on file 
 
 an affidavit as herein provided ... 18 
 
 This register and affidavit must on demand of inspector be 
 
 produced for inspection.Sec. 2, Ch. 182, L. ’01. 18 
 
 Employees under 16 not to work over 10 hours daily nor 
 more than 6 days per week nor after 9 P. M. or before 6 
 A. M. nor have charge of any elevator. 
 
 Sec. 3 and 7, Ch. 274, L. ’99. 19 
 
 No minor shall work who cannot on demand obtain a phy¬ 
 sician’s certificate of physical fitness for the work. 
 
 Sec. 5, Ch. 274, L. ’99. 
 
 19 
 
— 89 — 
 
 Page of 
 
 Requirements— Con. pamphlet. 
 
 No work shall be contracted for or given out to any per¬ 
 sons to make goods in places contrary to provisions of 
 this act, and goods not made under the sanitary condi¬ 
 tions inquired by this act must not be handled, bought, 
 
 sold or stored .„.Sec. 1, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 39 
 
 A register written in English shall be kept of all persons 
 to whom material for garments, etc., is given out or con¬ 
 tracted to be made, repaired or finished, which shall be 
 open to inspection of Bureau officers and a copy thereof 
 
 shall be furnished if required.Sec. 4, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 43 
 
 Seats shall be provided for female employees and their use 
 
 permitted as herein provided.Sec. 1, Ch. 77, L. ’99. 29 
 
 In any manufacturing department the time of labor of 
 women shall not exceed 8 hours in any one day..Sec. 1728 16 
 
 Penalties — 
 
 For failing, after three months notice, to provide means 
 of fire escape and protection as herein provided, fine not 
 
 to exceed $100.Sec. 4390a. 26 
 
 For failing or neglecting to provide fire protection as 
 herein required, fine not over $1,000 or imprisonment not 
 
 over 90 days.Sec. 5, Ch. 349, L. ’01. 25 
 
 Any employer, agent or manager violating this (child labor) 
 law or hindering or delaying Bureau "officers subject to 
 
 fine from $10 to $100 each offense .. 20 
 
 Any parent or guardian permitting a child to work con¬ 
 trary to this act subject to fine from $7 to $25. 
 
 Sec. 9 and 10. Ch. 274, L. ’99. 21 
 
 For violating this (so-called Sweat Shop) law, fine from 
 $20 to $100 for each offense or imprisonment from 20 to 60 
 
 days, or both.Sec. 7, Ch. 239, L. ’01. 45 
 
 For violating this act requiring seats for female employees, 
 fine $10 to $30, each offense.Sec 2, Ch. 77, L. ’99. 29 
 
 OPERA HOUSES, HALL, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, 
 OFFICE, STORAGE AND OTHER PUBLIC 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 Requirements — 
 
 Buildings which must have fire escapes — 
 
 Buildings over two story high and containing above 
 grouud floor offices, assembly hall, place of amusement, 
 
 etc.'. . 22 
 
 Fire escapes — number, location, character — 
 
 Such buildings shall have one or more outside fire-proof 
 stairs or ladders in number as and located as desig¬ 
 nated by Bureau or municipal fire officers. 22 
 
 Platforms — 
 
 Such escapes shall connect the cornice with the top of 
 first story by wrought iron platform ample to serve at 
 least two windows of each story. Platforms to be con¬ 
 venient, commodious and strong. 22 
 
- 90 - 
 
 Page of 
 
 Requirements— Con. pamphlet. 
 
 Stand pipe’liose valves — 
 
 There shall be attached to such ladders or stairs a 
 wrought iron stand pipe extending from 3 ft. above 
 roof to 5 ft. of ground. A 2J4 in. angle hose valve with 
 male connection shall be attached thereto at each 
 story above first, and on roof, and a double female hose 
 connection at base of pipe with threads conforming 
 to size and pattern used by local fire department. 
 
 Sec. 1, Ch. 349, L. ’01 22 
 
 Fire-proof elevator walls — 
 
 Inside walls or casings of passenger elevators to be of 
 fire-proof material .Sec. 2, Ch. 349, L. ’01 24 
 
 Doors to swing out — 
 
 Every such building must be provided with outer doors 
 that swing outward, and when storm doors are used 
 they shall have at least 4 ft. from floor a glass 15 in. sq. 
 or larger, ‘unless factory inspector deem it other¬ 
 wise”.Sec. 4390, amended by Ch. 380, L. ’01 27 
 
 Bureau officers — 
 
 Duty - 
 
 Shall enforce the provisions of this act. Upon obtain¬ 
 ing knowledge that any person has not complied 
 witn the law. shall file written statement with Dist. 
 
 Atty. who shall prosecute.Sec. 4, Ch. 349, L. ’01 24 
 
 May order elevator wells enclosed or guarded. 
 
 Sec. 1021h 14 
 
 May condemn unsafe elevators.Sec. 1636j 29 
 
 When they shall give written notice to Dist. Atty. that 
 laws are violated, said Dist. Atty. shall at once insti¬ 
 tute proceedings and if he refuses or neglects to do 
 so, Bureau officers may file charges and demand his 
 removal.Sec. 10211 16 
 
 Employers — 
 
 No child under 16 to have the care of or operate any eleva¬ 
 tor . 19 
 
 No child under 16 shall work for wages at any gainful oc¬ 
 cupation more than 10 hours daily, or 6 days weekly, nor 
 after 9 P. M. or before 6 A M. 
 
 Ch. 182, L. ’01, Amending Ch. 274. L. ’99 19 
 
 No child shall be employed at any time in any bowling al¬ 
 ley, bar-room or beer garden.Ch. 182, L. ’01 17 
 
 Penalties — 
 
 Persons failing to comply with this act within 90 days af¬ 
 ter notice, to be punished according to law. 
 
 Sec. 4, Ch. 349, L. ’01 24 
 
 Owner or person in charge who fails or neglects after writ¬ 
 ten notice to comply with any provision relating to pro¬ 
 tection from fire, fine not over $1,000 or imprisonment 
 not over 90 days. .Sec. 5, Ch. 349, L.’01 25 
 
 Owner, person in charge, or corporation, who Tails to pro¬ 
 vide fire escape, and for outer doors to swing outward, 
 or any architect who has prepared plans in conflict with 
 law, subject to fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment 
 not over 90 days_ Sec. 4390, amended by Ch. 38U, E. ’01 28 
 
 Employers who violate child labor law, subject to fine $10 
 to $100 for each offense.. 20 
 
 Parent or guardian, fine $5 to $25. 
 
 Secs. 9 and 10, Ch. 182, L. ’01 21 
 
 V 
 
FREE EMPLOYMENT OFFICES. 
 
 Ch. 420, L. ’01. 
 
 Page of 
 pamphlet. 
 
 1. Free employment offices to be established in — - 
 
 Places having thirty thousand or over, according to last 
 
 state or national census. 50 
 
 2. Purpose — 
 
 To receive applications of those seeking employment and 
 those seeking to help. 50 
 
 S uperintendent — 
 
 (One for each office created by section 1 to devote entire 
 time to duties .. 50 
 
 Appointment — 
 
 Governor appoints upon recommendation of com’r. 50 
 
 Term— « 
 
 Tenure of office — Two years. 50 
 
 Scilciry_ 
 
 $1,200 per annum.>.. 50 
 
 Duties — 
 
 Shall receive and record applications, names, addresses, 
 
 character of work desired, etc. . 51 
 
 Shall keep separate registers, showing age, sex, nativ¬ 
 ity, cause and duration of non-employment, trade or 
 occupation, married or single, dependent children, if 
 any, and such other facts as the Bureau may require.. 52 
 Shall immediately communicate, 1 with principal manu¬ 
 facturers and co-operate with employers. 53 
 
 Shall make annual report of work done with statement 
 of expenses to com’r in December, for year ending Oc¬ 
 tober 1st. 53 
 
 Shall report to the com’r on Thursday of each week the 
 number of applicants received; the unfilled applica¬ 
 tions at the beginning of the week. . 52 
 
 Such lists shall not contain names or addresses of appli¬ 
 cants; but the situations desired and number of per¬ 
 sons wanted at each occupation. 52 
 
 Shall report number and character of positions secured 
 
 during preceding week. 52 
 
 Shall perform such other duties in collection of statis¬ 
 tics as com’r may require... 54 
 
 Shall not receive nor charge a fee or compensation from 
 any applicant — Penalty. 54 
 
 Removal of — 
 
 If not duly diligent in performance of his duties he may be 
 summoned before com’r to show cause why he should 
 not be recommended for removal. 55 
 
 Removal, causes of — 
 
 Lack of intelligent interest in work or general inaptitude 
 / or inefficiency. 55 
 
 Proviso — 
 
 Special register not to be open to public. 52 
 
-92- 
 
 Removal, causes of—Con. Page of 
 
 Proviso—Con.— pamphlet. 
 
 The coin’r shall make no statistical publication which 
 
 would reveal the identity of applicants... 52 
 
 If applicant declines to answer any special register ques¬ 
 tion he shall not forfeit right to employment. 52 
 
 Applicants not to receive help or benefit of the office who 
 
 are on a strike or lock-out. 51 
 
 No lists of vacancies shall be exposed, where they can be 
 copied by such persons. 54 
 
 Commissioner — 
 
 Duties — 
 
 Upon receipt of lists, not later than Saturday of each 
 week, shall print a sheet showing separately and in 
 combination the lists received from all employment 
 
 offices. 53 j 
 
 Shall mail on each Saturday two of such sheets to each 
 superintendent, one to be filed by him the other to be 
 
 posted . 53 
 
 Shall mail to factory inspectors a copy of such sheet .... 53 
 
 Shall publish annual report of superintendent. 63 
 
 Factory inspectors — 
 
 Duty — • 
 
 To assist in securing situations for applicants. ; . 53 
 
 Secure co-operation of employers of labor in factories... 53 
 
 Notify superintendent of vacancies or opportunities of 
 omployment which may come to their notice. 53 
 
 Offices — 
 
 Shall be opened within 60 days after appointment of su¬ 
 perintendent in such locality as superintendent and com¬ 
 missioner may deem best. 51 
 
 Cost of equipping and maintaining offices to be paid out 
 
 of treasury. 51 
 
 Rent not to exceed five hundred dollars. 51 
 
 Offices to be occupied in conjunction with offices of Bureau, 
 
 if such office is in such city. 51 
 
 If not, cities to furnish and equip office without expense 
 
 to the state. 51 
 
 Separate rooms are to be provided for women. 51 
 
 Signs , wording of — 
 
 “ Wisconsin Free Employment Office ”. 51 
 
 Private employment agency — 
 
 Not to open office where free employment office is estab¬ 
 lished except a license is procured from secretary of 
 
 state... _ _ 51 
 
 Shall not print, publish or paint any sis'll, window or 
 newspaper publication a name similar to Wisconsin Free 
 Employment agencj— Penalty. 51 
 
 Applicant , construction of — 
 
 “Applicant for employment ” is construed to mean any per¬ 
 son seeking work of any lawful character . 54 
 
 “ Applicant for help ”— any person seeking help in any 
 
 legitimate enterprise. 54 
 
 “ Work ” applies to manual occupation not to include pro¬ 
 fessional service. 55 
 
 Stationery — 
 
 Printing, blanks, blank books, stationery and postage, 
 such as may be necessary for offices, shall ce furnished 
 by secretary of state upon requisition for the same made 
 by com’r.. 56 
 

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS — URBANA 
 
 * 1 
 
 4 . 
 
 I 
 
 *