Vel. XXV No. 3 PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW PUBLICATIONS Whole No. 109 1913 Psychological Monographs EDITED BY JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL, University of Chicago HOWARD C. WARREN, Princeton University (Review) JOHN B. WATSON, Johns Hopkins University (/. of Exp. Psychol). SHEPHERD I. FRANZ, Govt. Hosp. for Insane ( Bulletin ) and MADISON BENTLEY, University of Illinois (Index) A Higher Scale of Mental Measurement and Its Applica¬ tion to Cases of Insanity By A? jrROSANOFF Al HELEN E. MARTIN AND ISABEL R. ROSANOFF Kings Park State Hospital, Kings Park, N. Y. PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW COMPANY PRINCETON, N. J. and LANCASTER, PA. Agents: G. E. STECHERT & CO., London (2 Star Yard, Carey St., W. C.) Leipzig (Koenigstrasse, No. 37) Paris (76 rue de Rennes) P*KO.TON UNIVERSITY, \PRtssy CONTENTS Discussion of the problem I Ct O c* P? O Discussion of the problem .• Part I. The Basic Standards .. Standard instructions • •. Evaluation of reactions .... High standard . Classification of reactions ... Individuality index . Failure index .. Index to frequency tables ... Frequency tables . Appendix to frequency tables i 4 4 6 9 12 13 13 15 16 63 Part II. Norms Representing Various Degrees of Education. 76 The factor of education ... 76 Native mental capacity . 78 Physiological maturation . 78 Temporary condition of the subject. 81 Influence of sex . 88 Part III. O in - Part IV. Certain Selective Influences and Effects of Selection. 90 Selection by fitness . 90 Failure of selection ... 92 Measurements Made in Cases of Insanity . 93 Selection of material ... 93 Subjects of elementary education ... 95 Subjects of higher than elementary education . 97 Evaluation of the Method. Suggestion for Better Standard¬ ization . 99 Some criticisms discussed . 99 All stimulus words not equally well suited for the purpose of this test . 102 A better selection of stimulus words possible by means of an empirical method . 105 Stricter selection of subjects for high standard. 106 Precautions in applying the test. 106 Unusual associational mechanisms . 106 /f Ub70 i Part VI. Summary no Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/higherscaleofmenOOrosa A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT AND ITS APPLICATION TO CASES OF INSANITY By A. J. Rosanoff Helen E. Martin and Isabel R. Rosanoff Kings Park State Hospital, Kings Park, N. Y. One of the great needs of practical psychiatry is that of stand¬ ardized methods of mental measurement. For some such methods a debt of gratitude is already due to psychologists; but our experience in their application has gradually led us to realize that the standards which have been developed and made availa¬ ble do not take sufficiently into account environmental influences. It has been too readily assumed at times that a difference in the showing of two subjects is necessarily to be attributed to a differ¬ ence in native mental capacity. It will be granted, of course, that to provide a satisfactory correction of the error due to the variable influence of environ¬ ment would be a difficult matter; but it has occurred to us that the difficulty might be materially reduced by confining our pro¬ posed tests to a selected sphere of knowledge or activity in rela¬ tion to a corresponding and more or less readily measurable sample of the environment, so to speak, rather than to the en¬ vironment as a whole. To take a concrete example, we could, perhaps, form a more useful practical judgment of the aptitudes of a printer’s appren¬ tice by considering the speed and accuracy with which he can set up a page of text in relation to the length of his apprenticeship, than we could by applying a series of tests of general intelligence and then attempting to correct the results by somehow taking into account the sum total of his general environmental influences. Assuming that this is so, then in order to develop a generally 2 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF applicable method it is necessary, before all, to choose a more or less readily measurable “sample” of environment which would affect at least a majority of possible subjects. We say choose, but the fact is there is hardly any choice in the matter, for only one general environmental element has been in any degree stand¬ ardized and is at least roughly measurable, namely, the element of systematic education. In spite of some variation of standards in different parts of the country, everyone recognizes a certain de¬ gree of general uniformity in magnitudes represented, say, by “four elementary school years,” “eight elementary school years,” “high school education” or “collegiate education.” In speaking of systematic education as a measurable environ¬ mental element, in this connection, we do not mean such vague, though important, parts of it as scholastic atmosphere, refining influences, stimulating associations; these parts, being variable and hardly measurable, must not be allowed to affect the results; we mean only the process of the actual imparting of knowledge, and preferably that knowledge which is more or less basic or theoretical, and not with which one is apt to come in touch in extra-scholastic life. Having these considerations in mind, our special problem be¬ came to develop a simple method whereby a subject’s mental capacity might be estimated from a measure of what he has ac¬ quired in the course of his education, and from a comparison of his acquisition with the average of a group of subjects of the same amount of education. Our experience with free association tests 1 has led us to be¬ lieve that just such a test, applied by means of a specially selected list of stimulus words, would best serve our purpose, owing par¬ ticularly to the great simplicity of the procedure and to the readi¬ ness with which the results may be classified and standardized. This presentation has been arranged in six parts: I. The 1 Kent and Rosanoff. A Study of Association in Insanity. Amer. Journ. of Insanity, July and Oct., 1910.—Eastman and Rosanoff. Association in Feeble-Minded and Delinquent Children. Amer. Journ. of Insanity, July, 1912.—Isabel R. and A. J. Rosanoff. A Study of Association in Children. Psychol. Review, Jan., 1913. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 3 .Basic Standards; II. Norms Representing Various Degrees of Education ; III. Certain Selective Influences and Effects of Selec¬ tion ; IV. Measurements Made in Cases of Insanity; V. Evalua¬ tion of the Method. Suggestion for Better Standardization; and VI. Summary. PART I. THE BASIC STANDARDS In selecting the stimulus words we were guided, in the first place, by the usual curricula of schools, comprising the subjects of arithmetic, grammar, geography, history; algebra, geometry, physiology, literature, civics; trigonometry, physics, chemistry, and biology;—and we were further guided by the aim of reveal¬ ing in each instance the presence or absence of a familiarity with the school subjects concerned, yet such a familiarity which is not likely to be acquired otherwise than in the course of sytematic education. The following list of words was finally selected: 1. geography 2. participle 3. Waterloo 4. refraction 5. arithmetic 6. botany 7. isomerism 8. Portugal 9. amoeba 10. declension 11. burette 12. physics 13. hyperbole 14. retina 15. coagulation 16. Cervantes 17. franchise 18. subtraction 19. metabolism 20. predicate 21. mollusc 22. inquisition 23. amphibious 24. decimal 25. hydraulic 26. osmosis 27. percentage 28. cerebellum 29. fractions 30. titration 31. carbohydrate 32. duodenum 33. cosecant 34. biology 35. Odyssey 36. vertebrate 37. gravimetric 38. federal 39. morphology 40. hypothenuse 41. Magellan 42. hexameter 43. meteor 44. momentum 45. Cornwallis 46. protozoon 47. syntax 48. distillation 49. pollen 50. peninsula 1 51. binomial j 52. crustacean j 53. Bonaparte 54. meridian 55. chlorophyll 56. tetrahedron .57. Madagascar 58. corolla . 59. ventral 60. Belgium 61. tangent 62. dorsal 63. colloid 64. equator 65. judiciary 66. synthesis 67. Athens 68. epithelium 69. feudalism 70. coefficient . 71. perennial 72. plebeian 73. catalytic 74. embryo 75. spectrum 76. continent 77. spore 78. theorem 79. Himalaya 80. Renaissance 81. quotient 82. oxidation 83. haemoglobin 84. axiom 85. Amazon 86. isosceles 87. cohesion 88. protoplasm 89. centrifugal 90. molecule 91. cotyledon 92. abscissa 93. gravitation 94. galvanic 95. logarithm 96. calyx 97. polarization 98. cephalic 99. proteid 100. kinetic The first part of our undertaking consisted in making tests on a large number of selected subjects, the records of which were to serve for the construction of basic standards. In the work of collecting material, we adhered to the following instructions, and we furnished the same to our collaborators. “The test must be given to subjects individually and not in groups. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 5 i “It should be conducted in a quiet place reasonably free from distracting influences. “The stimulus words are read off in the order in which they are given on the printed form, care being taken to pronounce them correctly, distinctly, and in a sufficiently loud tone of voice. At the subject's request, any stimulus word may be repeated, but its meaning must not be explained or discussed. It may also be spelled at the subject’s request if necessary in order to make sure that the word has been correctly conveyed to him. “The subject must be given unrestricted time to formulate a reaction after a stimulus word has been given, but he must be in¬ structed to give the first word that comes to his mind and not to attempt to choose a most appropriate response. The reaction time is not recorded. “The subject must be instructed to react each time with one word and not with a sentence or a compound word; he must not react by merely repeating the stimulus word or by giving a differ¬ ent grammatical form of it. “The subject may say that he is not familiar with a given stimulus word or that he is for some other reason unable to react. The experimenter may then proceed with the next stimulus word after telling the subject that he would come back to the unreacted word later on. “The subject, in spite of instructions, may react in an unaccept¬ able way, as by giving a sentence or a compound word instead of a single word, or by repeating the stimulus word, or by giving a different grammatical form of it. In such a case the reaction is not put down, but the pertinent instructions are repeated and the next stimulus word is given. “When all the stimulus words have been given the experi¬ menter must give again those stimulus words to which no respon¬ ses have been obtained or no acceptable responses. Usually even after thus going over the list a second time there will remain a greater or lesser number of instances of failure of reaction.” In scoring the results of the test we have followed the Kent- Rosanoff method of separating reactions into cojnmon and in- 6 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. RO SAN OFF dividual, without making use of the criteria for more detailed classification which seemed unimportant for our present pur¬ poses. On the other hand, it became apparent early in the course of our work that a means of as accurate evaluation as possible of each common reaction was of greater importance here than in the scope of application of the Kent-Rosanoff test. Theoretically, it may perhaps be assumed that a reaction is of biological value according to the faithfulness and comprehensive¬ ness with which it represents the actual relationships in nature of the things represented by the stimulus word. Practically, our material reveals these relationships only in so far as they are mirrored in the minds of our subjects. It would seem, a priori, that the frequency with which a re¬ action to a given stimulus word occurs in a series of test records selected at random should be a more or less accurate measure of the element of faithfulness, for chance is obviously against the repeated presentation by different subjects of any one falsely per¬ ceived or imagined relationship. It would seem also that the element of comprehensiveness, too, should be to some extent measurable by frequency, for undoubt¬ edly the more numerous the points of relationship are between a given pair of stimulus and reaction words and the things repre¬ sented by them, the more often will these points of relationship determine the production of that particular reaction. But in this connection another factor appears for considera¬ tion, namely, the special experience equipment of the group of subjects from whom the material for the frequency tables is obtained. Our experience with the Kent-Rosanoff test, in which commonplace words in daily use serve as stimulus, did not show this factor to be of any great importance; but the case is differ¬ ent with the present test, as is shown by the contrast in the re¬ actions of two selected groups of subjects to the stimulus words participle, refraction , and amoeba, given in Table I. The first group is that of our one hundred highest qualified subjects; fifty- three of them are “starred” in Cattell’s “American Men of Science,” and the remaining forty-seven, though not “starred,” A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 7 are also listed there and in addition occupy professorships in scientific departments of higher institutions of learning. The second group is one also of one hundred subjects, but selected at random and having not more than a high school education,—in most cases much less. Attention is called to differences in re¬ actions not only as to kind but also as to group values. TABLE i. PARTICIPLE Group 1 values. Group 2 values. REFRACTION Group 1 values. Group 2 values. AMOEBA Group 1 values. Group 2 values. verb 28 1 light 35 5 animal 12 2 grammar 1 7 18 reflection 11 1 protozoa 11 0 noun 15 0 glass 10 0 paramoecium 7 0 past 4 0 index 5 0 protoplasm 7 0 infinitive 3 0 eye 4 0 biology 4 0 adj ective 2 0 lens 3 0 jelly 4 0 being 2 0 physics 3 0 proteus 4 0 preposition 2 0 bending 2 0 protozoon 4 1 speech 2 2 diffraction 2 0 zoology 4 0 participate 1 12 eyes 2 0 cell 3 1 part 1 11 microscope 2 0 microscope 3 0 partake 0 3 refractory 0 6 animalcule 2 0 word 0 3 refract 0 5 bacteria 2 0 English 1 2 fraction 0 4 bug 2 0 grain 0 2 reaction 0 4 unicellular 2 0 think 0 2 fractions 0 3 water 2 0 part 0 3 city 0 3 arithmetic 0 2 medical 0 3 break 0 2 name 0 3 decimal 0 2 place 0 2 deviation 0 2 from 0 2 numbers 0 2 reflex 0 2 retract 0 2 No reaction 0 18 No reaction 0 20 No reaction 1 57 The table contains only the reactions which have for either group of subjects a value of not less than twb per cent. Even more striking* differences are indicated in the kind of individual reactions given by the two groups. The subjects of Group i gave the following individual reactions to the stimulus word refraction: high, ice, minerals, myopia, polariscope, repulsion, Snellen, and transparent; while the subjects of Group 2 gave the following: adding, again, bad, biceps, change, consider, decimals, 8 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E . MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF difference, drawing, example, fracture, friction, knowledge, noisy, parts, rebreak, recoil, reduce, refrain, return, shadow, small, sound, sum, summing, test, and traction. Aside from the obvious difference in the quality of the indi¬ vidual reactions given by the two groups of subjects, the fact of the far greater number of them given by the second group,— twenty-seven as compared with but eight for the first group,—is of significance, especially in view of the circumstance that there were no instances of failure of reaction in the first group and no less than twenty in the second. We are thus led to conclude that the values of reactions would be erroneously indicated by frequency tables constructed on the basis of material obtained from subjects selected at random; but a special selection of subjects according to education and scientific attainment would seem to make possible the construc¬ tion of basic standards sufficiently accurate to serve for practical purposes. It would seem from this that the nearest approach to a perfect standard should be attainable by securing test records from a large number of “starred men” (including women, of course). The obstacles encountered in the work of gathering such ma¬ terial proved, however, greater than we had anticipated, so that in the end we found ourselves in possession of but fifty-three utilizable “starred” men’s test records . 2 As our plan was to construct the basic standards, like those of the Kent-Rosanoff test, with test records from one thousand subjects, we had to use for the most part test records from subjects without the qualifications of “starred” men: persons listed in Cattell’s “Amer¬ ican Men of Science” but not “starred;” a good many, not listed, but holding professorships or instructorships in higher institu¬ tions of learning; persons holding a doctor’s or master’s degree; and others having at least a full collegiate education. Having constructed frequency tables with the one thousand test records obtained from thus variously qualified subjects, we 2 A small number of not utilizable test records have been obtained from both, “starred” men and other subjects; we shall have again occasion to refer to these. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 9 found that many of the values indicated were obviously erroneous and some perhaps even fictitious; the following instances have been selected as the more striking among the reactions with an indicated frequency value of not less than i.o per cent: isomerism —geography (1.2), isotherm (1.5), lines (1.0), sleep (1.4); amoeba —botany (1.2); burette —barette (4.3), French (1.8), hair (2.3); Cervantes —man (2.3); metabolism —psychology (1.1) ; amphibious —ambidextrous (1.0); osmosis —bones (1.3); titration —titanic (1.5); gravimetric —metric (1.0); morphology —death (4.8), sleep (2.0); Magellan —man (1.0); hexameter — perimeter (1.6); protozoon —geology (2.0); crustacean —earth (4.7); chlorophyll —medicine (1.3); ventral —left (1.1), wind (2.3); colloid —celluloid (6.6), collar (2.9) ; synthesis —antithe¬ sis (2.8); catalytic —catalepsy (1.0), catalepitc (4.3), catas¬ trophe (1.0), fit (2.4), fits (1.3); spore —sporadic (1.1), sport (1.0); cotyledon —cottolene (1.3); polarization —flower (1.0); cephalic —disease (1.0), syphilis (1.0). Erroneous or fictitious values of less than 1.0 per cent, are, of course, even more fre¬ quently to be found. The accuracy of the indicated values is further impaired in the cases of many of the stimulus words by the many failures of reaction; thus for the following stimulus words the failure fre¬ quency exceeded 5.0 per cent: isomerism (21.4); burette (15.4), Cervantes (6.5), metabolism (5.7), osmosis (5.8), titration (25.4), duodenum (7.2), gravimetric (5.3), corolla (7.5), col¬ loid (14.1), epithelium (8.4), catalytic (11.1), haemoglobin (7.1) , cotyledon (13.9), abscissa (10.7), cephalic (14.2). These circumstances led us to select from amongst our test records one hundred, which had been obtained from our most highly qualified subjects, for the construction of a “high standard” which should serve for a more accurate evaluation of reactions. This group of subjects consisted, as already stated, of fifty-three “starred men” and forty-seven others, also listed in Cattell’s “American Men of Science,” but not “starred,” and holding professorships in scientific departments of higher institu¬ tions of learning. The high standard values are given in paren- 10 A. J. R0SAN0FF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. R0SAN0FF theses in the frequency tables. In comparing the high with the general standard values it is to be borne in mind that the former represent frequencies on the basis of ioo, and the latter on the basis of 1000. That more accurate evaluations are represented by the high than by the general standard may be judged from a mere inspec¬ tion of the frequency tables; for instance, all the reactions enum¬ erated above as possessing obviously erroneous or fictitious general standard values of not less than i.o per cent, are without a high standard value. Moreover, we have scored many test records by means of both, the high and general standards, and comparisons of the results have readily convinced us that the high standard values are more trustworthy, as they do not fail to reveal more fully the contrasts between groups of subjects dis¬ tinguished according to educational and intellectual qualifications. The introduction of the high standard establishes a new group of common reactions,—those without a high standard value; that some of these are actually without apparent value or with but insignificant value we have already shown; but such is by no means the case with all of them; on the contrary, it seems quite certain that had we a greater number of test records from sub¬ jects such as those of our most highly qualified group for the con¬ struction of our high standard, many reactions now without a high standard value would have been assigned one. The following re¬ actions with a general standard value of not less than i.o per cent, but without high standard value may be mentioned as in¬ stances in point: geography —America (1.5); participle —word (2.9); Waterloo —defeat (1.3), war (1.0); refraction —glasses (1.0), optics (1.0), rays (1.0); arithmetic —fractions (2.0), problems (1.0), school (2.5); botany —leaves (1.1); amoeba — dysentery (1.0), life (1.6); declension —word (1.2); physics — sound (1.5); hyperbole —simile (1.6); coagulation —clotting (1.5); Cervantes —author (1.7); metabolism —assimilation (1.0), blood (1.9), medicine (1.2); inquisition —France (1.5); decimal —numbers (1.5); hydraulic —mining (1.1); osmosis — dialysis (1.2), egg (2.8), physiology (1.8), plant (1.2); percent¬ age —fractions (1.9), hundredths (1.3), proportion (1.0); cere- A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT ii helium —physiology (1.4); fractions —half (1.6), percentage (1.8), school (1.4); titration —acid (1.3); carbohydrate —fats (1.8) , physiology (1.2), proteid (2.0); vertebrate —physiology (1.2); gravimetric —measuring (1.0); federal —army (1.0), histology (1.4); hypothenuse —square (1.3); Magellan —circum¬ navigation (1.3), sea (1.0); hexameter —iambic (1.1); meteor — falling (1.4), flash (1.1), {planet (1.4); momentum —power (1.5) , train (2.0); Cornwallis —defeat (1.1), soldier (1.1); protozoon —water (1.1); syntax —construction (1.9), English (1.9) , Latin (1.2) ; distillation —spirits (1.1); pollen —bees (1.6) , yellow (1.8); chlorophyll —biology (1.2), coloring (1.2); Madagascar —land (1.0); corolla —petals (1.7); ventral —phys¬ iology (3.0); dorsal —physiology (1.9), spine (1.2); colloid — chemical (1.3), physiology (1.1); Equator —map (1.1), south (1.4); synthesis —logic (1.2); Athens —Greek (2.3); epithe¬ lium —lining (1.0), surface (1.2) ; feudalism —barbarism (1.0), France (1.5), mediaevalism (1.2); coefficient —factor (1.4); perennial —botany (1.3), years (1.3); plebeian —history (1.1), Roman (1.5); embryo —chicken (1.3), growth (1.1), seed (2.1); spore —bacteriology (1.0), biology (4.7), egg (2.0), fish (1.6), mould (1.1), zoology (1.8); Himalaya —height (1.3); Renais¬ sance —literature (3.8), mediaeval (1.6); quotient —remainder (1.1); oxidation —burn (1.2), silver (1.7); haemoglobin —medi¬ cine (1.0); axiom —corollary (1.4), law (1.2); isosceles —equi¬ lateral (1.1); protoplasm —botany (i.o), germ (1.3), matter (1.6) , physiology (1.2), zoology (2.1); centrifugal —center (3.6) , circle (1.2); molecule —atoms (1.3), little (1.2); gal¬ vanic —iron (3.6), physics (2.8); cephalic —skull (1.2); pro¬ teid —fat (2.4); kinetic —power (2.7). These examples show that the high standard is also lacking in accuracy owing to insufficiency in the amount of material which has been used for its construction, but that to some extent at least any resulting error can be counterbalanced by taking into consideration, in scoring test records, the number of common reactions without a high standard value. Turning to the many individual reactions found in our ma¬ terial, we find that a very considerable proportion among them 12 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF also are apparently of value and would probably have found places in the frequency tables if we had had more adequate material for their construction. In order to provide at least a partial correction of error in the evaluation of individual reac¬ tions we prepared an appendix to the frequency tables like the one prepared for use in connection with the Kent-Rosanoff test. We are thus enabled by means of the frequency tables and the appendix to distinguish the following categories of reactions: 1. Common with high standard value. 2. Common without high standard value. 3. Doubtful, i.e., to be found in the frequency tables but in a different grammatical form. 4. Individual with value assigned by appendix. 5. Individual without value assigned by appendix. In scoring test records we have found the following measure¬ ments to be of the greatest significance in general: (a) Sum of high standard values; (b) Total number of common reactions; (c) Individuality index; (d) Falure index. The individuality index and the failure index are calculated for each test record in preference to merely noting the number of individual reactions and of failures of reaction for the reason that the significance of an individual reaction or of a failure of reaction apparently varies according to the stimulus word: the stimulus word isosceles evoked 36, and metabolism 169, individ¬ ual reactions from the one thousand subjects whose test records were used for the construction of the frequency tables; similarly, there were no failures of reaction to a number of the stimulus words, such as Waterloo, botany, subtraction, etc., and no less than 254 to the word titration; the frequency tables show various degrees of transition between these extremes. Accordingly, our calculations of individuality index and failure index are intended to make allowance for this variable tendency of the stimulus words to evoke an individual reaction or a failure of reaction; it seems obvious that the significance of an individual reaction given in response to the word metabolism cannot be the same as that of one given in response to the word isosceles, also that the A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 13 significance of failing to react to the word titration is not so great as that of failing to react to such a word as subtraction. In connection with the frequency table for each stimulus word is given the individuality frequency and the failure frequency for that wbrd. In calculating the individuality index for a given test record we obtain first the average individuality' frequency by dividing the sum of the individuality frequencies of all the stimulus words, in response to which the record shows individual reactions, by the total number of individual reactions; the individuality index is then obtained by dividing the total number of individual reac¬ tions by the average individuality frequency; we have found it sufficient to carry the calculations to the third decimal place. The formula for the calculation is quite simple: Individuality index = - — - n representing the total number of individual reactions and / the sum of all individuality frequencies. The failure index is calculated in a similar way: Failure index = »1 2 ft excepting that in this formula n ± represents the total number of failures of reaction and f x the sum of all failure frequencies. Perhaps another element of inaccuracy in our frequency tables should be mentioned before closing this part of our presentation. It is often incredibly difficult, and in some cases apparently im¬ possible, to limit subjects to one word responses; and it has seemed to us that some of our collaborators have not emphasized this point sufficiently in their instructions to subjects; moreover some of the stimulus words have a greater tendency than others to evoke a two word or a compound word reaction. Test records containing more than five such reactions have been regularly dis¬ carded by us, as, it seems hardly necessary to say, it would be impossible to construct standards with reactions not limited to one word. We were, however, compelled in the interest of economy of time and labor to accept some test records containing 14 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF not over five two word reactions, and some others containing even more but belonging to a special group of reactions which we eventually decided to accept: geography —North America (0.6), South America (0.4), United States (1.2); amoeba —jelly-fish (0.9) ; burette —cubic-centimeter (0.4), test tube (0.7) ; physics —high school (0.4) ; retina —eye ball (0.4); Cervantes —Don Quixote (31.0), Sancho Panza (0.3), wind mill (0.4), wind mills (0.7); franchise —street car (2.0), street cars (0.3), woman suffrage (0.3); subtraction —minus sign (0.5), taking away (0.4) ; mollusc —shell fish (3.7); inquisition —Catholic Church (0.4), middle ages (0.3); amphibious —land and water (0.4) ; percentage —one hundred (1.2), per cent (0.5), per cent sign (1.0); fractions —one-half (0.4), one-quarter (0.2), one- third (0.1), three-fourths (0.6), three-quarters (0.1), two- thirds (0.4); vertebrate —spinal column (0.4); gravimetric — metric system (0.8); federal —United States (4.1) ; hypothenuse —right angle (1.5) ; Magellan —South America (2.3) ; meteor — falling star (0.3), shooting star (0.5); pollen— hay fever (0.5); peninsula —Cape Cod (0.6); crustacean —shell fish (2.0) ; Bona¬ parte —Saint Helena (1.3) ; tetrahedron —four-sided (0.7), solid geometry (0.6); Equator —Mark Twain (0.4), North Pole (0.4), South America (1.3); judiciary —Supreme Court (0.6); synthesis —building up (0.4), putting together (1.4), put to¬ gether (0.3) ; feudalism —middle ages (4.6) ; plebeian —hoi polloi (0.4); continent —North America (4.5), South America (0.4), United States (0.3) ; Himalaya —Mount Everest (0.6); Renais¬ sance —middle ages (1.4), new' birth (0.4); axiom —self evi¬ dent (1.6); Amazon —South America (6.0); cohesion sticking together (0.7) ; proteid —amino acid (0.5). That the indicated values of these reactions are to some extent erroneous seems probable from the consideration that many more subjects would surely have given them but for our instruction to react with one word; on the other hand, if all our subjects had adhered closely to this instruction we should have had no two word reactions in the frequency tables and the indicated values of many of the one word responses would thereby have been A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 15 considerably altered. This applies to the high as well as to the general standard values. A few foreign words have found their way into the frequency tables ( metabolism —Stoffwechsel, protozoon —Urtiere, plebeian —sansculotte, etc.); they should, of course, not have been ac¬ cepted as reactions. Proper names of persons are indicated in the tables only by the initial letters, exception being made of historical personages (Waterloo —Bluecher, Wellington; refraction —Newton; iso¬ merism —Pasteur; Portugal —Manuel, etc.). Some few words in the tables seem to be neologisms ( isomerism —isopometric, mern; Portugal —comosh; declension —luo; in¬ quisition —equisition, exquisition; amphibious —ampher, etc.) ; it is possible that some of these have been incorrectly recorded by the experimenters. Index to the Frequency Tables abscissa 92 continent 76 hydraulic 25 physics 12 Amazon 85 Cornwallis 45 hyperbole 13 plebeian 72 amoeba 9 corolla 58 hypothenuse 40 polarization 97 amphibious 23 cosecant 33 inquisition 22 pollen 49 arithmetic 5 cotyledon 9i isomerism 7 Portugal 8 Athens 67 crustacean 52 isosceles 86 predicate 20 axiom 84 decimal 24 j udiciary 65 proteid 99 Belgium 60 declension 10 kinetic 100 protoplasm 88 binomial 5i distillation 48 logarithm 95 protozoon 46 biology 34 dorsal 62 Madagascar 57 quotient 81 Bonaparte 53 duodenum 32 Magellan 4i refraction 4 botany 6 embryo 74 meridian 54 Renaissance 80 burette 11 epithelium 68 metabolism 19 retina 14 calyx 96 equator 64 meteor 43 spectrum 75 carbohydrate 3i federal 38 molecule 90 spore 77 catalytic 73 feudalism 69 mollusc 21 subtraction 18 centrifugal 89 fractions 29 momentum 44 syntax 47 cephalic 98 franchise 17 morphology 39 synthesis 66 cerebellum 28 galvanic 94 Odyssey 35 tangent 61 Cervantes 16 geography 1 osmosis 26 tetrahedron 56 chlorophyll 55 gravimetric 37 oxidation 82 theorem 78 coagulation 15 gravitation 93 participle 2 titration 30 coefficient 70 haemoglobin 83 peninsula 50 ventral 59 cohesion 87 hexameter 42 percentage 27 vertebrate 36 colloid 63 Himalaya 79 perennial 71 Waterloo 3 i6 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF i. GEOGRAPHY. Individuality Frequency, 115. Failure Frequency, 2. Africa (1) 10 countries (1) 3 history (10) 76 neurology 1 science (1) 7 Alaska (1) 3 country (1) 6 home geography 1 New Jersey 1 sea 1 Amazon 1 county 1 house 1 New York (1) 2 shore 1 America 15 cover 1 Illinois 1 New Zealand 1 sister 1 arithmetic (3) 19 curriculum 1 Indiana 1 north 1 soil (1) 1 Arizona 1 Denmark 1 Iowa 1 North America 6 South America 4 Asia (1) 15 distance 1 island (1) 5 . ( 2 ) South Carolina 1 Athens 1 distribution 1 islands 2 Nova Scotia 1 space 1 Atlantic 3 D. 1 isthmus 1 ocean (1) 5 Spain (1) 5 Atlas (2) 11 drawing 1 Italy 3 Oregon 1 spell 1 A. 1 earth (5) 51 Java 1 paleography 1 spelling 3 Austria 1 east (1) 1 land (8) 51 peninsula (1) 2 sphere 2 Baku 1 England (1) 6 lands 1 Pennsylvania 2 state (1) 5 B. 1 English 1 Latin (1) 4 Peru 1 S. (1) 1 Belgium 1 Europe (2) 22 lesson 1 philosophy 1 stream 1 book (6) 103 Florida 1 location 1 photography 1 study 12 Boston 3 France 2 London 1 physical (3) 12 S. 1 botany 1 F. 9 Madagascar 1 physics 3 Switzerland 2 boy 1 geodesy 1 magazine 2 physiography 5 Syria 1 Brazil 1 geographical 1 Maine 1 physiology 4 T. (1) 2 brother 1 geology (8) 22 Manhattan 1 picture (1) 1 teaching 2 Bulgaria 1 geometry 2 map (14) 159 place 3 Tennessee 1 California 3 geos (1) 1 maps (2) 34 plains 1 territory 1 Canada 1 Germany 3 Massachusetts 1 plant (1) 1 Texas 1 chair 1 Gibraltar 1 mathematical 1 plants 1 text-book (1) 2 changed 1 G. 1 mathematics (1) 4 politics 1 travel 4 chart 1 globe (2) 9 M. 1 Portugal 1 Turkey 1 child 2 grammar 13 M. 1 primary 1 United States 12 childhood 1 graph 1 meterology 1 psychology 1 (2) China 1 Greece 1 Mexico 2 R. 2 vocation 1 circle 1 ground 1 monography 1 rhyme 1 war 7 class 1 growth 1 M. 1 river 7 W. 1 coast 1 G. 1 M. 1 rivers 1 water 2 C. 1 G. (1) 1 mountain 7 road (1) 1 world (2) 24 commercial 1 H. 1 mountains 5 Roosevelt 1 write 1 continent (1) 3 Hellenes 1 N. 1 royal 1 writing 2 continents 2 hemisphere 1 nation (1) 2 Russia 3 cosmos 1 hills 2 national 1 school (2) 32 2 . PARTICIPLE. Individuality Frequency, 71. Failure Frequency, 3. a (1) ablative acting action adjective (2) adjunct adverb (1) agree and apostrophe (1) arithmetic Armstrong (1) article assistance atom B. being (2) bending breaking but clause combination composition conjugation conjunction (1) 5 connector rn 1 having 6 parse (1) 2 reading 1 2 dangling 2 he 1 parsing (1) 1 ringing 1 1 decimal 1 ignorance 1 parsnip 1 running (1) 8 4 declension 1 impartial 1 parsnips (1) 1 sailing (1) 1 47 definition 3 in 2 part (1) 8 school 3 1 deponent 1 infinitive (3) 25 partaking 1 sentence 5 31 doing (i) 1 ing (1) 21 particeps singing 1 1 editorials 1 I. 1 criminis (1) 1 skin 1 1 egg 1 is 1 participate (1) 3 small 1 1 ending 1 join 1 particle 2 speech (2) 9 2 English CD 6 language 9 particular 1 standing 1 1 finished 1 Latin 9 partisan (1) 5 subjunctive 1 2 5:4 1 laughing (1) 1 part of speech 1 supplementary 1 1 form 1 lively 1 party 1 syntax 1 1 formation 1 living 1 past (4) 18 tense 3 1 fraction 3 lying 1 perfect 1 the (1) 13 13 gerund (i) 9 modifier 2 phrase (1) 15 thinking 1 1 gerundive 1 modifying 1 pleasing 1 to 8 1 going (i) 12 money 1 predicate 2 transitive 1 1 governor 1 municipal 1 preposition (2) 16 verb (28) : 195 2 grammar (17) 179 New Testament 1 present 8 verbal 1 1 grammar school 1 noun (15) 131 principle 4 verbs 2 1 Greek 1 nouns 2 pronoun (1) 18 word 29 2 had 1 of (1) 8 pupil 1 words 4 7 hanging 1 parenthesis 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 17 3. WATERLOO. Individuality Frequency, 65. Failure Frequency, 0. Allies fighting 1 brother 1 fighting 2 losses 0) 1 Sedan 2 Amiens 1 Brussels (1) 4 France 3 Louisburg 1 Seneca Falls 1 Amsterdam 1 Bunker Hill 1 French (1) 4 luck 1 town 3 Asia 1 Cedar Falls 1 funny 1 map 1 Victor Hugo 1 Austerlitz (1) 2 Cedar Rapids 4 general 1 Marne (1) 1 victory 2 battle (22) 233 Chelsea 1 German 0) 1 Metz (1) 1 war 10 battle-field 1 Chemnitz 1 Germans 2 military 1 warfare 1 battle-ground 1 church 1 Germany 1 monument 2 water (1) 3 beer 1 city 1 Gettysburg 4 Napoleon (46) 505 Wlaterbury 2 Beethoven 1 Courtrai 1 Ghent 1 Nelson 1 water lilies 1 Belgian 1 defeat 13 Hastings 0) 2 Ney 1 water lily (1) 2 Belgians 1 defeats 1 history (3) 9 painting 1 watermelon 1 Belgium (3) 15 ditch 1 home 1 Paris 0) 1 Watertown 1 Berlin 1 doubtful 1 image 1 picture 1 weather 1 bird 1 eighteen-fifteen 1 insurance 1 plain (1) 1 Wellington (11) 72 Blenheim 1 English 1 Iowa 0) 13 Quatre Bras 1 Westminster 1 Blucher (2) 10 fate 1 Kaiser 1 Rheims 1 willow 1 Bonaparte 3 field 4 Les Miserables 1 river 2 Yorktown 1 bridge 1 fight 3 lily 1 4. REFRACTION. Individuality Frequency, 78. Failure Frequency, 5. air 1 curves 1 incidence (1) 4 oculist (1) 3 slanting 1 amputation 1 curving 1 index (5) 23 optical (1) 2 Snellen (1) 1 angle 5 cut 1 indices 1 optician 3 spectacles 1 arithmetic 2 deflection 4 indirect 1 optics 10 spectrum 1 astigmatism 1 D. 1 industry 1 period 1 spoon 1 atmosphere (1) 2 destruction 1 inflection (1) 4 physics (3) 60 stare 1 back 1 deviation 1 infraction 5 physiology 1 strike 1 balsam 1 diagram 2 intensity 1 picture 2 subtraction 3 bend 3 diffraction (2) 19 interaction 1 polariscope (1) 1 sugar 1 bending (2) 17 diffusion (1) 2 Latin 1 polarization 3 sun 6 bent 2 dispersion 2 law 1 prism (1) 24 sunlight 1 blackboard 1 error (1) 4 leg 1 psychology x think 1 blow 1 eye (4) 29 lens (3) 36 quartz 1 thinking 1 bound 1 eye glass 1 lenses 2 rafter 1 thought 1 breaking 5 eye glasses 2 light (35) 374 ray (1) 4 transparent (1) 1 broke 1 eyes (2) 20 likeness 1 rays 10 turning 2 broken 1 eye sight 3 M. 1 reflect 1 ugly 1 chemistry 1 feldspar 1 mathematics 1 reflection (11) 68 undisciplined 1 clinic 1 fraction 9 microscope (2) 5 reflex 2 vision 1 college 1 fractions 1 minerals (1) 1 refractometer 4 water (1) 13 color CD 2 glare 1 mirror 5 refractory 5 waves 1 colors 1 glass (10) 76 muscular 1 refrigerator 2 windows 2 condensation 1 glasses 10 Myles Standish 1 replacing 1 withdrawing 1 contraction 3 grating (1) 2 myopia (1) 1 repulsion (1) 1 word 1 contrary 1 high (1) 1 Newton 1 R. 1 zoology 1 crystal (1) 2 Huyghen 1 oar 1 science 3 crystals 1 ice (1) 1 obliquely 1 serum 1 18 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 5. ARITHMETIC. Individuality Frequency, 86. Failure Frequency, 1. add 2 difficulty 1 history 4 one 2 standard 1 adding 1 dislike 2 interest 3 order 1 standard tests 1 addition (3) 34 displeasure 1 Kant 1 pedagogue 1 student 1 agony 1 division 2 language 1 pencil 3 study (2) 15 algebra (11) 91 dollars 1 lesson 1 percentage (1) 4 subtraction 1 A. 1 easy 1 logarithms 1 plus 3 sum (1) 11 Arabic 1 examination 1 M. 1 practice 1 sums ( 7 ) IT blackboard 1 example (1) 5 mathematics (5) 80 problem (1) 11 tables 1 book (2) 45 examples 3 man (1) 1 problems 10 teach 1 books (1) 2 farm 1 matriculate 1 progression 1 teacher 5 B. 1 figure 7 medicine 1 proportion 1 teaching 3 brother 1 figures (3) 60 mensuration 2 quaternions (1) 1 ten 1 business 1 five 1 mental (1) 12 rapidity 1 text 1 calculation (2) 8 fools 1 metric 1 R. (1) 1 thirty-four 1 calculations 1 formula 1 M. 1 reading 2 three 1 calculus (2) 5 forty-five (1) 1 M. 3 R. 1 three r’s (1) 2 ciphering (1) 1 four . 4 minus 1 rudimentary 1 torn 1 class 2 fraction 6 multiple 1 R. 1 trigonometry 3 commercial 2 fractions 20 multiplication 29 scholar 1 trouble (1) 2 complete 1 geography (6) 44 (6) school 25 twice 1 computation (1) 5 geometry (4) 30 multiply 2 school days 1 two (2) 14 coordinate 1 German 1 multiplying (1) 3 science 5 two plus two 1 counting 1 grade 2 music 1 seven 1 two times two 1 counting frames 1 grammar (1) 9 Newton (1) 1 simple 1 unpleasantness 1 C. 1 green (book) 1 N. 1 six (1) 2 W. 2 C. 2 G. (1) 1 notation 3 slate (1) 1 W. 1 decimal 2 H. 1 number (12) 85 spell 1 w. 1 decimals 1 hard 3 numbers (16) 131 spelling (3) 21 word 1 declensions 1 hell 1 numerals 1 square root 1 work 4 difficult 1 6. BOTANY. Individuality Frequency, 122. Failure Frequency, 0. alchemy 1 corolla 1 geometry 2 L. 1 roots 1 algae 1 corona 1 George Ade 1 lobate 1 rose 7 algebra (1) 4 C. 1 geranium 1 magnifier 1 roses 1 analysis 1 course 1 G. 1 manual 1 sassafras 1 analyzing 1 crucial 1 girls 1 materia medica 1 school 5 anatomy 1 cryptogam. 1 good 1 M. 1 S. 1 astronomy 1 cryptogamic (1) 2 grass 1 methodic 1 science (4) 27 bacteria 1 C. 1 G. (1) 6 microscope 2 sensibility (1) 1 bay 2 daisies 1 Greek 1 microscopy 1 sister 1 biogen 1 daisy 1 green 2 M. 1 soil 1 biology (2) 25 dandelion 2 H. 1 mother (1) 2 specimens 1 bird 1 department (1) 1 hate 1 nature 2 stamen 1 blue 1 •diagram 1 hepatica 1 M. 1 S. 1 blue book 1 difficult 1 herbarium 3 oak (1) 1 structure 1 book 8 dissection 1 herbs (1) 1 one 1 study (3) 11 books 1 drawings 1 histology 1 one B 1 teacher 3 B. 1 dry 1 history 1 orchid 1 teaching (1) 2 bug 1 D. 1 H. 1 pansies 1 text book 1 bugs (1) 3 earth 1 honeysuckle 1 paramoecium 1 T. 1 butter 1 examination (1) 2 horticulture 1 petal 3 tree 2 buttercup 1 experiments 1 house 1 physics 3 trees 5 buttermilk 1 fellowship 1 Hunter 1 physiology 4 tulip 2 buttons 1 fern 1 H. 1 picture 1 T. (1) 2 cabbage 1 ferns 2 ignorance 1 P. 1 vermicelli 1 calisthenics 1 field 1 interesting 1 plant (16) 85 violets 1 calyx (1) 1 fields 1 J. 1 plant life 1 walks 1 chemistry (2) 3 floriculture 1 laboratory (1) 8 plants (20)144 W. 1 chlorophyll 2 flower (8) 121 lamp 1 professor 1 willow tree 1 class (1) 1 flowers (8) 205 Latin 1 psychology 3 wood 2 college 2 F. 1 leaf (1) 8 pterodactyl 1 woods 1 C. 2 garden 1 leaves 11 R. 1 W. 1 C. 1 geography (2) 8 lecture 1 R. 1 work 1 corn 1 geology (3) 23 L. 1 R. 1- zoology (16) 108 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 19 7 . ISOMERISM. Individuality Frequency, 168. Failure Frequency, (3) 214. acid 1 equal (3) 30 isomergraph 1 nucleus 1 socialism 1 aldehydes 1 equality CD 9 isomeric 2 one 1 somatic 1 algebra 3 equal parts 1 isometric (1) 35 optic 1 something equal 1 alike Cl) 2 equals 1 isoperimetric 1 optical 1 somnambulism 9 allomorph 1 esoteric 2 isopometric 1 organic (D 7 somnambulist 5 allotropy 1 evenness 1 isos (1) 4 organic spar 1 angle worm 1 examination (!) 1 isosceles (1) 33 chemistry 1 speech 1 animal 1 experiment 1 isotherm 15 0 . 1 starch (D 1 atoms (D 1 eye 1 isothermal 7 pane 1 stereo 2 barometer 1 eyes 2 isothermic 3 paraffin 1 stereochemistry 3 benzene CD 2 feldspar 1 isothermism 1 Pasteur 1 stoichiometry 1 biology (D 1 form 1 isotherms 1 pentane 1 structure 1 blankness 1 formaldehyde (1) 1 isotropic (2) 3 philology 1 substances ' (1) 1 carbon 5 formula 1 isotropism (1) 1 physics (2) 18 sugar 1 cataclysm 1 geographic 1 isotropy (J) 1 physiology 1 sugars 2 chain 1 geography 12 ketone 1 poetry 1 Sumirians 1 change 1 geology CD 2 lens 1 polarization 1 summarization 1 changing 1 geometry (3) 25 light (1) 16 polymer (1) 1 summer 2 chart (D 2 glove 1 like (1) 5 polymeric 1 sun 1 chemical (3) 5 graduate (D 1 likeness (1) 8 polymer ism (2) 10 symmetrical 1 chemicals 1 Greek 13 line 2 polymorphism 1 symmetry 1 chemistry (28) 109 group (D 1 lines 10 precision 1 synchronism 1 circles 3 handsome 1 man 1 pressure 1 tangent 1 climate CD 1 hard 1 mannerism 1 prism (D 5 tartaric (2) 4 cobalt 1 haziness 1 map 1 problem 1 tautology 1 cold 1 heat (1) 24 mathematics 9 proportion 1 tautomerism 1 college 1 heat lines 1 matter 1 protoplasm 1 technical (D 2 compounds CD 2 homogeneity (1) 1 meaning 1 psychology 1 temperature 6 concentric 1 homogeneous 1 measure 2 quartz 1 term 1 constitution 2 H. 1 measurement (1) 4 question 2 tetrahedral 1 crystal (4) 13 hyperbola 1 meridians 1 racemic 1 tetrahedron 1 crystallization 1 hypnotism 1 mern 1 radiator 1 theory 1 (3) hysteria 1 mesmerism (1) 4 refraction 1 three 1 crystallography 5 ice 1 metamerism 3 rhetoric 2 tissues 1 crystals (4) 15 Iceland 1 metamorphic 1 rubbish 1 triangle (1) 14 cube (D 1 icicle 1 metamorphism 1 same 4 triangles (1) 1 curve (D 1 icicles 1 metaphysics 1 same form 1 trigonometry 5 definition 1 iconoclast 1 meter 1 sameness 2 two 1 degrees 1 ignorance 3 mica 1 science 5 understand 1 derivation 1 incomprehensible 1 microscope 1 scientific 1 uniform 1 diagram 2 inequality 1 M. (1) 1 seismograph 1 uniformity 1 dictionary (D 11 insomnia 5 model 1 separate 1 warmth 1 differential 1 investigation 1 models 1 similarities 1 waves 1 difficult 1 ism 1 moment 1 similarity (3) 6 weather 3 disease 1 isobars 1 movement 1 sleep 14 weather chart 1 dream 1 isochronism 1 music 1 sleepiness 2 word 3 eantiotropy 1 isodynamic 1 mysticism 1 sleeplessness 4 zoology 1 earth 1 isolated 1 N. 1 sleepy 1 electricity 1 isomere CD 4 8 . PORTUGAL. Individuality Frequency, , 95. Failure Frequency, 1. adjacent 1 continent 1 fffayti 1 mountains (D 1 rocky 1 Africa 1 country (6) 84 heat 1 nation (1) 3 romantic 1 Alfonso 5 dago 1 Iberian 1 navigator (1) 1 Rome 1 alliance 1 darkness 1 India 1 niggers 1 Roumania 1 ally 1 Delagon Bay (1) 1 insurrection 1 ocean 1 sea 1 armadillo 1 distance 1 island 1 Oporto 3 shape (D 1 army 1 earthquake (D 1 Italy 3 peninsula 4 ship 1 Atlantic 1 Emanuel 5 king (2) 29 people 1 small 3 Belgium 1 England 3 King Alfonso 1 person 1 South America 3 Bermuda 1 English 1 King Manuel (1) 1 Peru 1 Spain (49) 478 black 1 Europe CD 27 kings 1 pirates 1 Spaniard (1) 1 Braganza (D 1 European 1 knavery 1 politics 1 Spanish (2) 9 Brazil 2 explorer 1 land 6 porch 1 state (2) 11 brown 1 Farragut 1 language 1 port 3 S. 1 Cabral (!) 1 fishing 1 Lisbon (12) 74 portage (D 1 strip 1 Camoens 1 foreigners 1 location 3 Port Juan 1 T. 1 Canary Islands 1 France (D 6 Lopez 1 Porto 1 troops 1 cap 1 G. 3 Madrid (1) 3 Portuguese (2) 11 troubled 1 cape 1 geese 1 Maine 1 president 1 Turkey 1 capital 2 geography (D 1 man 2 prince 1 Uruguay 1 C. 1 Gibraltar 1 Manuel (2) 29 principality 1 Venice 1 child 1 government 1 map (3) 31 prism 1 war (1) 10 city 3 grapes 1 maps 1 queen 1 water 1 coast 2 Greece 3 Martha’s Quito (1) 1 wine (D 3 Coimbra 2 Greenland 1 Vineyard 1 republic (1) 13 W. (1) 1 Columbus 2 Guiana 1 Mediterranean 1 revolution 9 yellow 2 Comosh 1 guinea 1 mill race 1 river 1 20 A. J. R0SAN0FF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. R0SAN0FF 9. AMOEBA. Individuality Frequency, 150. Failure Frequency, (1) 36. albumen 1 crawling 1 H. 1 neuron 1 shapes 1 ameliorate 1 cryptogamic (1) 1 heart 1 nitella 1 silkworm 1 amethyst 1 cytoplasm 1 histology 1 nucleus 6 simple 4 amoeboid 2 Darwin 1 histolytic 1 omega 1 slide (1) 2 anaemic 2 D. 1 histolytica 1 one cell 1 slime 1 anatomy 1 diagram 1 hydra 4 organism (1) 7 slimy 1 animal (12) 108 dictionary 1 inert 1 paramnesia 1 small (1) 15 animalcule (2) 7 differential 1 infinitesimal 1 paramoeeium 32 small animal 1 animal life 1 difficult 1 infusoria 1 (7) smallest 1 animals l difflugia 1 infusorian 1 parasite 4 smallness 1 ant 2 diphtheria 1 insect 1 pastoral 1 S. 1 atom 3 D. 1 irregular 1 patch 1 soft 2 bacilli 1 dysentery 10 jar 1 penicillium (1) 1 somewhere 1 (bacillus (1) 1 ecology 1 jelly (4) 20 physiology 4 sound 1 bacteria (2) 6 education 1 jelly-fish (1) 9 picture (1) 4 South America 1 bacteriology 3 egg 3 jelly-like 2 plant (1) 7 spot 1 bacterium 1 E. 1 J. , (1) 1 plasmodium 1 squirming 2 B. 1 engulfment 1 knife 1 polyp 1 star 1 beginning 3 evolution 5 laboratory 3 primitive (1) 3 statue 1 biology (4) 83 fauna 1 lamp 1 primordial (1) 1 S. 2 birth 1 field 1 lecture 1 proteus (4) 14 syphilis 1 blood 1 first 1 life 16 protista 1 technical 1 body 2 fish 6 light (1) 1 protoplasm (7) 54 teeth (1) 1 botany 12 flat 1 limax (1) 1 protozoa (11) 67 tentacles 1 bug (2) 15 float 1 little 3 protozoon (4) 25 tiny 1 bugs 8 flow 1 living cell 1 protozoons 1 tomorrow 1 B. 1 flower 1 L. 1 pseudopod 2 T. 1 butterfly 1 flowers 1 lowest (1) 2 pseudopodia (1) ' 5 unicellular (2) 5 C. (1) 1 foot 1 L. 1 pseudopodium 1 unseeable 1 cell (3) 51 form 4 man 2 pseudopods 1 vacuole 2 cells (1) 3 fossil 1 me 1 psychology 5 voting 1 cellular 1 fresh 1 microbe (1) 2 reactions 1 vulgaris 1 chart 1 friend (1) 1 microorganism 2 read 1 water (2) 14 chromatin 1 frog 2 microscope (3) 37 rhizopod (1) 1 water lily (1) 1 cilia 4 gelatinous 2 microscopic 1 rhombus 1 weakness 1 C. 1 Geneva 1 minute 1 round 1 wiggle 1 C. 1 geology 1 molecule 2 S. 1 wiggling 1 cocoon 1 geometry 1 monocellular 1 science 3 W. (1) 1 C. 1 germ (1) 9 motility 1 sea 1 woolly 1 contractility 1 G. 1 motion 1 secondary word 1 corpuscle 1 globule 1 movement (1) 3 education 1 worm 2 corpuscles 1 green 1 mud 1 shape 1 zoogloea 1 C. 1 Haeckel 1 mussel 1 shapeless 1 zoology (4) 60 crawl 1 haematococcus 1 natural history 1 10. DECLENSION. Individuality Frequency, 61. Failure Frequency (1) 3. ablative 1 D. 1 F. 1 masculine 1 sum 1 addition 2 decipher 1 form 4 mensa (1) 5 sun 1 adjective (1) 1 declination (1) 3 four 1 musa 1 syntax 1 adverb 2 decline 9 French 3 noun (29) , 331 tabulation (1) 1 afraid 1 declined 1 gender 1 nouns (4) 40 textbook 1 ambiguous 1 declining (1) 2 German (1) 12 0 1 think 1 amo 1 definition 2 grammar (19) 167 paradigm 3 third 1 analysis 1 der 2 grammatical (1) 1 paradigms 1 trouble 1 analyze 1 descent 1 Greek 3 paraphrase 1 tuba 1 Anglo-Saxon 1 description 1 hie 1 parsing (1) 4 turn 1 arrangement 2 detention 1 I 1 participle (1) 4 variation 1 ascension 2 diagnosis 1 inflection (1) 5 preposition 1 verb (16) 90 blackboard 1 diagram 1 interrogation 1 pronoun (1) 8 verbs (1) 6 bugbear 1 difficulties (1) 1 language 7 school 2 vocative 1 Caesar 1 difficulty 1 languages 1 sentence 2 walk 1 case 3 ending (1) 1 Latin (8) 91 slope 1 word 12 cases 1 endings 1 line 1 speech 1 words (1) 5 changing 1 English 5 list 1 spelling 1 work 2 conjugation (8) 82 falling 1 luo 1 stars 1 writing 1 conjugations 1 first 3 ii. BURETTE. Individuality Frequency, 121. Failure Frequency (2) 154. acid CD 4 burine 1 Fehling’s 1 matter 1 styles 1 acidity 1 burr (1) 2 figure 1 measure (2) 6 suffragette 1 adornment 1 burro 1 five c.c. 1 measurement (1)6 sugar (1) 1 advertisements 1 cabaret 1 flower 1 measuring (1) 5 Surette 1 aigrette 3 cabinet 1 fluid (2) 2 medicine 2 surgeon 2 alkali 1 cadet 1 French 18 Millon 1 surgery 3 analysis (1) 5 call 1 furniture 9 name 1 table 1 apparatus (1> 4 cap 1 gas 1 number 1 tablet 1 apparel 1 carburet 1 Gay-Lussac 1 office 2 T. 1 autocracy 1 catheter (1) 1 geography 1 one 1 test 8 autocrat 1 chemical (1) 6 glass (8) 51 organic 1 testing 1 bacteriology 1 chemist 1 glass tube 1 P. 1 test tube (1) 7 B. 1 chemistry (27) 170 glassware (1) 2 phenolphthalem 3 thermometer 1 barcarolle 1 chiffonier 1 graduate 2 photography 1 thistle tube 1 barette 43 china 1 graduation 1 physics 9 titrate (1) 8 barometer 1 clamp 2 graduations 2 pin (1) 3 titrating 1 bayonet 1 clamp holder (1) 1 hair 23 pipe 6 titration (2) 26 beaker 2 color 2 hard 1 ipiptftte (11) 57 tool 1 B. 1 comb 2 head 1 piping 1 town 1 beauty 1 copper 1 hole (1) 1 qualitative 1 tube (5) 26 Beirut 1 cow 1 hydrochloric acid 2 quantitative (1) 1 unfortunate 1 bereft 1 crystals 1 ignorance 2 reaction 1 urine 1 B. 1 cubic India 1 reagent (1) 1 Utrecht 1 B. 1 centimeter (3) 4 indistinct 1 retort 1 valve 1 biretta 1 curate 1 information 1 Russia 1 verb 1 Biuret 5 curette (1) 4 instrument 6 Salt (1) 1 volume 1 blue 1 dictionary (1) 2 ivory 1 S. 1 volumetric (1) 2 bottle bouquet 3 1 dish distillation 1 1 jewelry kitchenette 2 1 science siphon (1) 4 2 W. wall 1 1 B. 1 donkey 1 laboratory (4) 37 size 1 war 1 brunette 3 dress 1 Laurette 1 S. 1 water 7 brush 1 dresser 1 liquid (2) 6 solution (2) 6 wearing 1 bureau (3) 80 drop 1 liquids (2) 2 stand Cl) 3 what 1 bureaucracy 3 dopper 4 little 1 standardization 1 woman 1 bureaucrat (1) 2 drops 1 machinery 1 sterile 1 word 2 bureaucratic 1 etymology 1 man 1 stop-cock (1) 1 yellow 1 B. 1 exactness 1 12. PHYSICS. Individuality Frequency, 147. Failure Frequency, 2. abomination 1 conservation 1 H. 1 mechanical 2 scales 2 activity (1) 1 C. 1 high school 4 mechanics (1) 7 school 6 algebra 1 course 1 H. 2 medicine 3 science (4) 97 Alwood's C. 3 history 1 metals 1 sciences 1 machine 1 crew 1 H. (1) 1 mine 1 scientific 1 A. 1 crucible 1 H. 1 mirror 1 S. 1 ammeter 1 darkness 1 H. 1 motion 1 shears 1 anatomy 2 demonstration 1 H. 1 motor 1 sinuous 1 anamoly 1 department (1) 2 index 1 movement 1 S. . 1 apparatus i (3) 13 difficult 3 instrument 1 myself 1 solid 1 Archimedes 2 dislike 1 instruments 3 natural 1 solids 1 astronomy (4) 16 dogs 1 interesting 1 nature 2 sound 15 A. 1 drudgery 1 iron 1 Newton 6 specific 1 balance 1 dynamics 1 J. 1 optics 3 spelling 1 balancing 1 earth 1 K. 1 P. 1 strength 1 ball 1 electricity (3) 31 kinetic 1 pendulum 1 study (1) 23 battery (1) 1 energy (1) 4 knowledge 2 P. 1 subject 5 beauty 1 engineering 1 K. 2 P. 1 syphon 1 B. everlasting 1 K. 1 phenomena 3 table 2 bodies 1 examples 1 laboratory (3) 64 philosophy 2 teacher 3 body (4) 1 experiment 8 L. 1 physic (2) 4 teaching (1) 1 book 24 experiments 9 Latin (1) 1 physical 2 telegraphy 1 B. 1 expositions 1 law 8 physician 1 Tesla 1 botany 2 failure 1 laws (2) 9 physicist 1 test 2 bottle 1 F. 1 lecture (1) 2 physics 1 test tube 2 Boyle 1 figs 1 L. 1 physiography 3 test tubes 1 Boyle s Law 1 figures 1 L. 1 physiology 7 text 2 brother 1 force (3) 9 lever (1) 5 P. 1 text book 1 building (1) 4 forces 1 levers 1 pressure 1 theory 1 Bunsen burner 1 freshmen (1) 1 light line (6) 33 P. 1 T. 1 burette 1 fundamental 1 2 problems 2 T. 1 C. 3 gas 1 low 1 profession (1) 2 training 1 castor oil (1) 1 geography geology 1 machine 1 professor 3 U. 1 change I 1 machines 1 psychology 1 vacuum 1 chemist 1 geometry (1) 2 magnetism (1) 2 pulley 1 vapor 1 chemistry (36) 273 gravitation 1 M. 1 pulleys 2 V. 1 cinch 1 gravity 2 mass (1) 2 radioactivity 1 water 4 class 4 G. 1 material (2) 4 radium 2 weight 4 class room 2 gumbo 1 mathematical (1) 1 red 1 weights 3 €. 1 G. 1 mathematics (1) 16 R. 1 Wellesley 1 cold 1 H. 1 matter (5) 13 refraction (1) 4 Wesleyan 1 C. 1 hard 7 measure 1 refractometer 1 W. 1 college (1) 7 hate 1 measurement 2 regents 1 W. 1 C. 2 heat (1) 10 measurements 2 room 1 wood 1 conditions 1 hemisphere 1 measuring 1 salts 1 work 2 22 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 13. HYPERBOLE. Individuality Frequency, 128. Failure Frequency, (1) 10. adjective 1 curved line 1 fraud 1 lies 2 school girl 2 aeroplane 1 curves (1) 2 Frenchman 1 line (1) 12 sentence 1 algebra 2 daffodils 1 function 2 literature 4 S. (1) 1 amoeba 1 dash 1 geography 1 logic 2 shape (1) 2 analytics (1) 5 diastole 1 geometric 1 lying 2 sideral 1 A. 1 dictionary 1 geometry (10) 55 L. 1 simile 16 apostrophe 1 difference 1 girl 1 mathematical (1) 1 sky 1 arc 1 difficult (1) 1 girlish 1 mathematics (5) 47 slang 1 arch (1) 1 digression 1 girls 1 metaphor (2) 19 soaring 1 arithmetic 1 doubt 1 grade 1 unetonomy 3 speak 1 astronomy 7 E. 1 grammar (3) 28 misconception 1 speech (2) 13 asymptote (1) 3 ellipse (2) 8 grammatical (1) 1 mispronounci- statement 2 asymptotes 1 elliptic 1 graphs 1 ation 1 story (2) 3 Aurora Borealis 1 English (1) 17 heavens (1) 1 mountains 1 stretched 1 awful 1 enthusiasm 1 high 2 nouns 1 stretching 2 axis 1 equation 1 high school 1 onomatopoeia 2 study 1 ball 1 exaggerate 3 high sounding 1 oratory (1) 2 superfluity 1 beauty 1 exaggerated 1 hyacinth 1 oval 2 superfluous 1 B. 1 exaggeration 211 hydrophobia 1 page 1 superlative 1 blackboard 2 (19) hyperbola (1) 10 parabola (9) 61 swelled 1 bombast 2 excess 2 hyperboloid 1 parabolic 1 S. 1 book 2 excessive (1) 1 hypertrophy 2 parallax 1 synecdoche 7 bowl 1 excitement 1 hyphen 2 parallel 1 synonym 6 bridge 1 exclamation (1) 2 hypostoma 1 parallelogram 1 syntax 1 calculus 2 expanded (1) 1 hypothesis (1) 1 (1) T. 1 C. 1 expression 3 imagination 1 participle 1 too 2 C. 1 extravagance 6 impossible 1 part of speech 1 triangle (2) 7 chart 1 extravagant (1) 5 indirect (1) 1 personification 3 trigonometry 5 Cicero 1 extreme (1) 3 interjection 3 petrography 1 trope (1) 1 circle 11 fables 1 isosceles 1 phrase 1 truth 1 class 2 false 1 joke 3 picture 1 untruth 1 coal 1 falsehood 1 J. 1 poetry 3 untruthfulness 1 comets 1 falsity 1 Kaiser 1 R. 1 unusual 1 comparison 1 figure (3) 53 K. 1 rectangular 1 water 1 composition 3 (1) L. 1 redundancy 2 W. 1 cone 1 figure of speech 1 language (1) 7 refraction 1 women 1 conic (1) 2 figures 1 laugh 1 re qua 1 wonderful 1 C. 1 F. 1 liar 1 rhetoric (3) 51 word 5 curve (10) 80 form 1 ring 1 words 2 curved 1 F. 1 lie (1) 19 school 1 14. RETINA. Individuality Frequency, 60 . Failure Frequency , 2. addition 1 cone 1 fovea 1 nervous (1) 2 reticent 1 anatomy 1 cones 3 G. 1 Netzhaut 1 reticular 1 bluish (1) 1 conjunctiva 1 glass 1 neuron (1) 1 reticule 2 body 1 convex 1 glasses 3 oculist (1) 1 retinue 2 camera 2 cornea 4 histology (1) 1 optic (1) 9 rod 1 cell (1) 1 corona 1 hygiene 1 optical (1) 1 rods 3 cells 2 dark 1 image 2 optic nerve 1 sclerotic 1 Charlemagne 1 defective 1 iris (1) 13 optics (1) 9 shape 1 choroid 4 delicate 1 king 1 periphery 1 sight (1) 8 cigar 1 diagram (1) 2 lens 6 photographic 1 spectacle 1 cinder 1 E. 1 light (2) 9 physiology (1) 6 synapse 1 circle 1 eye (80) 817 lining 1 picture 1 text-book 1 class 1 eye ball 4 near-sight 1 pigment (1) 1 type 1 coat 1 eye glass 1 nerve 2 psychology 4 unpleasant 1 color 1 eyes 6 nerve cell 1 pupil 4 vision (1) 6 colors 1 eye sight (1) 1 nerve endings 1 ray (1) 1 visual 2 color theory 1 eye strain 1 (1) rays 1 wonder 1 concave 1 fatigue 2 nerves 1 retain 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 23 15. COAGULATION. Individuality Frequency, 104. Failure Frequency, 4. accident 2 colloids (1) 2 fixation 1 moisture 1 solidification 4 accumulation 1 complex 1 fluid 3 molasses 2 solidified 1 agglutination 1 condensation (1) 2 freezing 5 molecules 1 solidifying 2 albumen (6) 33 condensing 1 gathering 2 movement 1 solidity 1 alcohol 2 conductor 1 gel 1 murder 1 solids 1 alum (1) 4 congeal (2) 4 gelatin 3 necrosis 1 solution 2 aluminium 1 congealing 1 gelatinous 1 omelet (1) 1 souring 1 aluminium congestion 2 geology 1 oscillation 1 sour milk 1 hydroxide 1 conglomeration 3 glue 3 osmose 1 stick 2 amoeba 1 congregation 1 glutenization 1 particles 1 stickiness 1 analysis 1 conjugation 1 gluttonous 1 pathology 1 sticking 3 biology 1 constellation 1 gumminess 1 physics 2 sticky (1) 3 blood (48) ‘ 489 cooperation 3 haemoglobin 1 physiology 3 stiffened 1 blood clot 1 cream 1 haemophilia 1 plasma 1 stiffening 2 boy 1 crystallization 1 hard 3 precipitate (2) 9 stuff 1 bunching 2 curd 1 harden 1 precipitation 11 teacher 1 butter 1 curdle 1 hardening 7 (3) test 1 buttermilk 1 curdling 3 heat (1) 4 products 1 thick 5 calcification 1 curds 1 ice 4 proteid (1) 7 thicken 2 casein (1) 1 cut 1 jar (1) 1 protein (2) 14 thickening (3) 23 chemistry (1) 13 death 1 jelly . (3) 14 proteins 2 thickness 1 closing 1 deliquescence 1 karyokinesis 1 protoplasm 1 thrombin 1 clot (2) 14 dictionary 1 latex 1 psychology 1 time 3 clotting 15 diffusion 1 lymph 1 regulation 1 together 3 clumping 1 dissolving 1 man 1 rigor caloris 1 union (1) 2 coadjustment 1 egg (11) 68 mass 2 safety 1 verb 1 coagitate 1 eggs (1) 9 massing 1 science 1 water 2 coalition 1 egg-white 1 medicine 1 sedimentation 1 white 1 coeducation 1 emulsion 1 melting 1 serum 2 white mass 1 cold 1 experiment 1 merging 1 settling 1 whitish 1 collect. 1 fibrin 3 mess 1 silica 1 wound 2 collection 1 filtrate 1 milk (6) 43 ,S. 1 wounds 2 colloid 7 filtration 1 milky 1 solid 4 colloidal 1 16. CERVANTES. Individuality Frequency, 99. Failure Frequency, (1) 65. Africa 1 Don Quixote king 1 persons 1 scientists 1 A. 1 (42) 310 Latin 4 Philippines 1 seer 1 art 1 drama 2 literary 1 philosopher 6 S. 1 author 17 Dumas 1 literature (2) 11 philosophy 4 servant 2 B. 1 Dutch 1 Lope da Vega 1 photograph 1 servants 1 battle 2 east 1 Machiavelli 1 picture 1 ship 1 biology 1 eccentricity 1 man 23 place 1 Socrates 1 bone 1 education 2 mediaeval 1 plant 1 soldier 1 book (5) 19 English 3 Mexico 3 plants 1 Spain (25) 162 books 1 exaggeration 1 Michael 1 poet (1) 7 Spaniard (1) 14 brain 1 exploration (1) 1 Miguel 1 poetry 1 Spanish (7) 85 Calderon 1 explorer 2 military 1 pottery 1 Spanish castle 1 famous 1 Milton 1 print 1 literature 1 cavalier 1 fiction 2 mind 1 prison 1 speech 1 certain 1 following 1 M. 1 Quixote (1) 5 spine 1 cervical (1) 1 F ranee 1 monastery 1 Quo Vadis 1 story 4 cervix 1 French 8 mystery 1 reading 1 survey 5 character 1 Frenchman 1 mythology (1) 2 romance 1 surveying 2 chivalry 1 G. 1 name (1) 11 romantic 1 surveyor 2 Cid 4 general 3 Napoleon 1 Roosevelt 1 town 1 city 3 great 1 neck 2 Rozinante 1 transit 1 classical 1 Greece 1 noted 1 Sancho Panza 3 Victor Hugo 1 comedy 1 Greek 2 novel (1) 8 (1) warrior 1 Cortez 1 heroes 1 novelist 1 satirist 1 water 1 cuneiform 1 Hindu 1 oration 1 Savannah (1) 3 wind mill (2) 4 Dante (1) 3 historical 2 pageant 1 savant 1 wind mills (2) 7 discoverer 1 history (1) 39 painter 1 Savonarolla (1) 1 wise 2 Disraeli 1 Huerta 1 painting 1 scholar 1 word 4 Don Quar humor 2 Panza 1 science 2 writer (1) 12 Don 1 idealism 1 person 2 scientist 2 writing 1 Italian 9 24 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 17 . FRANCHISE. Individuality Frequency, 102. Failure Frequency, 1. act (1) 1 corporations 1 French 2 negroes (1) 1 street cars 3 agreement 1 country 3 friendship (1) 1 New York 1 street railways 1 American 2 court 1 government (2) 26 niggers 1 strike 1 anti-suffrage 1 crook 1 graft (2) 9 Pankhurst 2 subway 1 attraction 1 daughter 1 grant (1) 4 paper 1 suffrage (5) 79 automobile 1 debt 1 granting 2 papers 1 suffragette (1) 6 ballots 1 democracy 1 history 7 people 1 suffragettes (1) 2 ballot (1) 5 department 1 honor 1 permission 3 suffragism (1) 2 baseball 1 dictation 1 house 1 permit 4 suffragist 1 bicycle 1 disenfranchise 1 independence 1 petition 1 tariff 1 bill 1 disfranchise 1 interborough 2 policy. 1 tax (2) 8 Boulder 2 document 2 Italian 3 politician (1) 2 taxes 1 business 4 D. U. R. 1 Kansas City 1 politics (3) 17 town (2) 5 car 4 economics 2 land 1 Portland 1 traction 1 car fare 1 election 6 law (2) 29 privilege (1) 10 trade 1 cars 2 electoral (1) 1 lawyer 1 public 5 tramway 1 charter 8 electric 1 league (1) 3 railroad (4) 46 transportation 1 Chicago 1 embargo 1 lease 1 railroads (1) 9 treaty 1 choice 1 endorsement 1 legal 5 railway (3) 36 trolley (1) 5 cities 1 enfranchise 1 legality 1 railways 2 universal 1 citizen 2 England 1 liberation 1 regret 1 unlimited (1) 1 citizenship 3 entanglement (1) 1 liberty 4 regulations 1 utilities 1 city 06) 77 equal 6 license 1 right (1) 8' utility 1 city government 1 equality 1 light 1 rights 3 Venezuela 1 .CIVICS 3 Europe 1 liquor 1 road 1 ville franche 1 civil 1 favor 2 loss 1 school 1 vote (23) 151 code 1 firm 1 M. 1 selfish 1 voter (1) 3 commerce 1 forfeit 1 make 1 slave 1 votes (2) 23 commission 1 Francais 1 man 1 slavery 2 voting (4) 20 company 3 France 3 merchandise 1 slaves 3 war 1 compromise 1 Francis Joseph 1 money 4 state 3 water 1 consent 1 frantic (1) 1 municipal (5) 17 statement 2 woman (1) 31 constitution 1 fraud 2 municipality 5 steal 1 woman’s contract 5 free 4 M. 1 street (1) 1 suffrage (2) 3 corporation (3) 16 freedom (1) 17 negro (1) 11 street car 20 women (7) 64 18 . SUBSTRACTION. Individuality Frequency, 55. Failure Frequency, 0 . abacus 1 contraction 1 fraction 2 minus sign ( 1 ) 5 separation 3 accounts 1 C. ( 1 ) 1 fractions 1 money ( 1 ) 3 sign 2 add 6 credits 1 fundamentals 1 motion 1 stocks 1 addition (41) 395 dash ( 1 ) 2 glass 1 multiplication 60 subdivision 1 additions 1 deduct 1 grade 1 multiply 1 subnormal 1 algebra 1 deduction ( 1 ) 3 inverse number ( 1 ) 7 subtrahend ( 1 ) 2 Alice in detraction 1 operation (1) 1 numbers (4) 38 sum ( 1 ) 11 Wonderland 1 D. 1 kindergarten 1 numerator 1 table 1 analysis 1 difference (2) 8 Latin 1 operation 3 take 4 arithmetic (19) 253 differences 1 less (1) 6 paper 2 taking away ( 1 ) 4 attraction 1 diminution 1 line 2 plus 1 teaching 1 Austrian 2 distraction 2 logarithm 1 poverty 1 tests 1 away 2 division (3) 10 loss (1) 4 problem ( 1 ) 4 twenty-five 1 baby 1 dollars 1 machine 1 problems 1 two 3 blackboard 1 elimination 1 mathematical (1) 1 process (1) 5 under ( 1 ) 1 book 1 example 2 mathematics (2) 24 reduce 1 withdrawal 1 Burroughs 1 father 1 method 1 remainder 1 word 1 calculation 4 figures (3) 21 minuend (2) 6 removal ( 1 ) 1 work 2 children 1 four 1 minus (2) 29 school 4 wrong 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 2 5 19. METABOLISM. Individuality Frequency, 169. Failure Frequency, (2) 57. absorption 2 chemical 1 form 1 M. 1 psychology 11 activity 2 chemistry (8) 44 function 3 microscope 1 purin 1 after 1 chewing 1 galvanize 1 mind 1 puzzle 1 albumen 1 C. 1 gather 1 mines 1 rabbit 1 algebra 1 coagulation 2 G. 1 mirror 1 rhetoric 1 alteration 1 color-blind 1 G. 1 mixture 1 R. 1 amoeba 2 combination 1 gout 1 monograph 1 R. 1 anabolic 1 concentration 1 grammar (1) 3 more 1 R. 1 anabolism (6) 39 construction 1 Greek 6 motion 1 school 1 anaemia 1 constructive 1 growth (2) 19 mouse 1 science 11 anatomy 1 converting 1 Hamurabi 1 movement 1 scientific 1 animal (1) 6 curve 1 hard 1 moving 1 sesquipedalian 1 animals 3 cycle 1 health 2 multiplication 1 sickness 1 ascending 1 cylinder 1 heat 1 mutabile 1 skin 1 assemblage 1 death 4 Heavens 1 nearness 1 sociology 2 assimilate 1 decomposition (1)1 H. 1 nerves 1 species 1 assimilation 10 destruction 3 highbrow 1 nitrogen 1 Stoffiwechesel(1) 1 atavism 1 destruction of hygiene 1 nourishing 1 stomach 1 Atwater 1 tissue 1 hyperbola 1 nourishment 4 stone 1 B. 1 development (1) 1 hyperbole 2 nutriment 2 storage 1 bimetallism 1 diabetes 1 indigestion 1 nutrition (1) 15 study 2 bio-chemistry 1 diathermancy 1 infants 1 nutritious 1 synthesis 1 biology (7) 40 diet 1 inhibition (1) 1 operation 1 synthetic 1 blood 19 dietetics 2 iron 1 organic 1 system 1 blue-yellow 1 difficult 1 karyokinesis 2 organism 4 table 1 body (3) 19 digestion (8) 41 katabolic 1 osmosis 3 tables 1 book 1 digestive 1 katabolism (2) 77 oxidation 1 tabulation 1 botany (1) 9 dinner 1 kinetic 1 Ph. D. 1 tearing 1 boy (1) 1 disease 1 life (2) 11 philosophy 2 telephone 1 brain 1 divisions 1 light 1 phosphorous 1 thought 1 build 2 doctor 1 man (1) 2 photosynthesis 1 tissue (1) 3 building 8 eat 1 meals 1 physical 2 transfer 1 building up 3 eating 2 medical 1 physician 1 transference 1 burning (1) 2 eccentric 1 medicine 12 physics 6 transformation 1 cages 1 education 1 M. 1 physiological 1 transposition 1 cannibal 1 electricity 1 metabolic 1 physiology (9) 70 tuberculosis 1 carbohydrates 1 elision 1 metal (1) 17 plant 4 union 1 carbonic acid (1)1 embolism 1 metallic 1 plants 1 •unknown 1 catalysis (1) 1 energy 1 metallurgy 4 poison 1 upset 1 Catholicism 1 enigma 1 metals 1 problem (1) 1 urea (1) 1 cell (2) 13 esoteric 1 metamorphosis 1 process (1) 6 vital 1 cell division 1 excretion 1 metaphor 1 processes 1 V. 1 cells (2) 3 experiment 1 metaphysics 1 progress 2 waste (2) 2 change (12) : 110 eye 1 metastoma 1 proteid 2 words 1 changeableness 1 fermentation 1 metathesis 1 protein (1) 6 workings 1 changes 2 F. 1 meteorology 1 protoplasm (2) 3 zoology (2) 10 changing (1) 3 food (9) 47 method 1 20. PREDICATE. Individuality Frequency, 58. Failure Frequency, 1 abdicate 1 conjugation 1 language 9 participle 3 Spanish 1 action 4 coplative 1 Latin 2 part of speech 2 speech 3 adjective (2) 28 copula 1 lie 1 past 1 statement 3 adverb 8 declare # 1 logic 6 pedagogue 1 subject (28) 271 affirm 2 declension 1 man 1 petticoat 1 subjunctive (1) 2 analysis 2 description 1 Massachusetts 1 philosophy 1 substance 1 are 1 diagram 5 meaning (1) 1 postulate (1) 1 substantive 2 arithmetic 1 dignity 1 modifier 1 predatory 1 suggestion (1) 1 assert (1) 2 end 3 motion (1) 1 predicament 1 suppose 1 assertion 1 English 5 multiplication 1 predict (1) 3 syndicate 2 assertive 1 French 1 nomination 1 preface 1 syntax (1) 2 association 1 German 2 nominative (1) 4 pronoun (1) 3 think 2 assumption 1 grammar (15) 121 noun (6) 85 prove (1) 1 thinking 1 attribute (1) 3 half 1 numerator 1 rhetoric 2 verb (25) 253 be 1 hopeful 1 object (2) 18 running 1 verbs 4 before 1 hypothecate 1 objective 2 R. (1) 1 was (1) 2 book 1 ill 1 orthodox 1 say 1 word 2 characteristic (1) 1 impersonal 1 parsing 1 see (1) 1 writing (1) 1 clause 1 is 3 part 1 sentence (5) 67 conclusion 1 26 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 21 . MOLLUSC Individuality Frequency, 96. Failure Frequency, 11. age 1 coil 1 geology (1) 15 mo-lUiscoidea (1) 1 sea shore 2 amoeba (2) 8 comparative giant 1 moose 1 shell (ID 136 amphibious 1 anatomy 1 group (1) 1 mouse 1 shell-fish (8) 37 anatomy (1) 1 coral 1 hard 1 museum 2 shells (1) 13 anemone 1 crab (1) 10 hard shell 1 mussel (2) 12 shore 1 animal (8) 111 crawfish 1 heathen 1 mytilus edulis 1 size 1 animals 5 creature 1 history 1 natural history ’ 2 skeleton 1 antedeluvian 1 Crustacea 3 hydrozoa 1 north 1 small 1 architecture 1 crustacean (3) 15 invertebrate (2) 5 obelisk 1 smell 1 arthropod 3 crusty 1 invertebrates 1 ocean 4 snail (6) 16 atom 2 ctenophore (1) 1 islands 1 octopus 1 soft (1) 7 biology (2) 23 cystoid 1 ivory 1 odontophore 1 sponge 2 bird (1) 1 D. 1 jelly fish 1 0 . 1 star-fish 1 bivalve (1) 14 Devonian 1 laboratory 1 ox 1 story 1 bone 2 drama 1 Latin 1 oyster (13) 117 S. 1 botany 3 earthworm 1 lazy 1 oysters (1) 5 sucker 1 brachipod 2 echinoderm (1) 4 life 2 paleontology 1 teeth 1 bug 1 Egypt 2 lobster 3 phylum 2 Tennyson 1 building__ 2 Egyptian 2 low 1 planorbis 1 teredo 1 California 1 elephant 5 lower forms 1 play 8 tusk 2 Catholic 1 elephants 1 mammal 1 polyp 1 type 1 cell 2 evolution 1 mastodon 2 pulp 1 Venus 1 cephalopod (2) 2 exostceleton 1 microorganism 1 reef 1 Venus chemistry 1 feed 1 molasses 1 repulsive 1 mercenaria 1 clam (16) 125 fish (3) 62 mole 1 river 1 vertebrae 1 clams (1) 4 fly 1 molecule 3 Russia 1 vertebrate 2 class 1 form 1 molest 1 science 3 water 5 classification 1 fossae 1 M. 1 sea (2) 16 whale 2 coagulation 1 fossils 1 mollusca 1 sea coast 1 worm (1) 3 coast 1 gastropod 1 molluscan 1 sea shell 1 zoology (6) 154 22 . INQUISITION. Individuality Frequency, 105. Failure Frequency, 5. acquire 1 English 1 indulgence 1 murder 4 search 1 acquiring 1 equisition 1 inquire 1 oppression (1) 1 searching 1 acquisition 2 Europe 1 inquiry (1) 8 pain 4 sentence 1 Alva 1 events 1 inquisitive 4 papacy 1 sixteen-twenty 1 anarchism 1 examination 1 inquisitiveness 1 paper 1 (1) ask 3 exposition 1 interrogation 1 people 1 Spain (32) 316 battle 2 exquisition 1 intolerance 1 persecution (1) 13 Spaniard 7 bigotry (1) 3 faith 1 introspection 1 Philip (1) 3 Spaniards (1) 2 burning 1 force 1 invasion 1 picture 1 Spanish (21) 222 Calvin 1 France 15 investigation 3 pictures 1 Spanish art 1 Catholic (3) 32 French (1) 3 Isabella 1 Poe 1 spikes (1) 1 Catholic French Japan 1 Pope 2 spurious (1) 1 Church (4) 4 Revolution 2 Jesuit (3) 6 priest 4 stake 1 Catholicism 4 funeral 1 Jesuits 4 priests 1 strife 1 Catholics 3 Galileo (1) 1 Jews (1) 4 Protestantism 1 suffering 3 cell 1 girl 1 judgment 1 punishment 3 suggestion 1 century (1) 1 government 1 jury 2 question (1) 11 territory 1 Cervantes 1 governments 1 kill 2 questioning (1) 7 terror 1 Christian 1 grass (1) 1 law 3 questions (1) 3 test 1 church (1) 11 guillotine 4 lawyer 1 rack 1 thumbscrew 2 Coligni 1 hanging 1 L. 2 rain 1 Torqurmada (1) 7 committee 1 H. 1 Louis XIV. 1 Reformation 4 torture (7) 45 court 5 heresy 1 low 1 religion (1) 11 trial 5 cruel 1 heretic (1) 1 Loyola (1) 3 Renaissance 1 tyranny 1 cruelty 5 history (5) 34 masonry 1 require 1 unfair 1 curiosity 2 Holland 1 martyrs 1 requisition 6 uprising 2 dark ages (1) 1 holy' 1 M. 1 research 1 vengeance 1 death 1 horrible 2 mediaeval 2 revolution 2 Venice 1 demand 1 horror 4 mediaevalism 2 Roman (1) 1 war 2 devilment l horrors 1 Mexico 2 Romanism 1 Washington disposition 1 Hugenots 1 middle ages 3 Romanists 1 Irving 1 doctor 1 ideal 1 mind 1 Romans 1 Westward Ho 2 Dominicans (1) 1 imposition 1 monk 3 Rome 3 witches 1 early 1 Indian 1 monks 1 scaffold 1 wrong 2 education 1 indifference 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 27 23 . AMPHIBIOUS. Individuality Frequency, 109. Failure Frequency, 7. alligator (2) 14 crawling 1 geology 8 monster 2 small animal 1 ambidextrous 10 creature 1 grass 1 mortal 1 snake 1 ambiguous 2 crocodile (2) 10 Greek 1 mud-puppy 1 species 1 amorphous 2 Darwin 1 hands 3 myself 1 story (1) 1 ampher 1 definition 1 herb 1 nautical 1 submarine (1) 1 amphibia (2) 2 dextrous 2 herbivorous 1 natural habits (1) 1 swamps 1 amphipod 1 dimorphic 1 hippopotamus (1) 9 Necturus 1 swim 1 amphitheater 2 dioecious 1 historical 1 ocean 3 swimmer (1) 2 amplitude 1 dog 1 horse 1 physiology 2 swimming 5 ancient 1 dossil 1 ibid 1 plants 1 swims 1 animal (3) 87 double 9 Ibsen 1 pollywog (1) 2 tadpole 1 animals (1) 10 double life 1 Irishman 1 psychology 1 technical 1 anthropology 1 doubtful 4 invertebrate 1 quadruped 1 teetotaler 1 aquatic (1) 1 duck (2) 6 K. 1 race 1 toad 4 axolotl 1 duckbill 1 K. 1 recapitulation (1)1 toads O) 2 bath (1) 1 earth 1 land (1) 11 reptile (1) 19 T. 1 batrachia 1 eat 1 land and water 4 reptiles 1) 5 T. 1 batrachian (2) 4 eating 1 (1) reptilia (1) 1 truthful 1 bear 1 elephant 1 leaf 1 rhinoceros (1) 2 turtle 7 beast 1 encyclopaedia 1 left 1 rocks 1 turtles 1 beaver 3 English 1 legs 2 salamander (2) 12 two 5 biology (2) 17 faults 1 lie 1 S. 1 understand 1 bird (1) 3 feet 2 life 2 scaled 1 vertebrate 3 birds 1 fibre 1 liniment 1 science 2 walking 1 bite 1 fish (5) 67 lizard (1) 3 sea (1) 8 walrus 2 blank 1 fishes 2 lobster 1 seal 7 water (17) : 206 blue fish 1 fishy 2 mad 1 sea-lion 2 water-dog (1) 1 body 1 flappers 1 mammal 2 sea-turtles (1) 1 water-loving 1 both 6 fodder 1 mammals 1 shapeless 1 watery 2 carnivorous 1 foot 1 man 1 ship 1 wet 2 centipede 1 frog (28) 189 many 1 shore 1 whale (3) 26 cetacean 1 frogs (4) 18 marine (1) 2 shores 1 whales 1 chair 1 gastronemia 1 meat 1 sleep 1 worm 2 Christian 1 geological 1 mermaid 1 slow (1) 1 zoology (2) 31 24 . DECIMAL. Individuality Frequency, 58. Failure Frequency, 0. algebra (1) 2 decimate (1) 3 France 1 one-hundredth 2 stick 1 anecdote 1 decipher 1 French (1) 3 (2) subtract arithmetic (6) 85 denomination 1 geometry 1 one-tenth 2 subtraction 4 army 1 desecrate 1 Hindoo 1 7T. 1 sum 1 banking 1 division 1 hundred 1 part (2) 7 system (3) 20 bills 1 divisions 1 hundredth 2 parts 2 teaching 1 blackboard 1 dollar 3 integral 2 percent 4 tease 1 capital 1 dollars 1 interest 1 percentage (1) 6 ten (2) 47 centimeter 2 dot 7 logarithm 1 period (1) 20 ten cents 1 circulating 1 duodecimal 2 mathematical 1 picture (1) 1 tenth (2) 26 classification (1) 2 eight-tenths 1 mathematics (2) 12 place (1) 4 tenths 9 coinage 1 electric 1 measure 3 point (13) 135 thousandth 1 comma 2 equation 1 meter (1) 2 position 1 two 1 common 4 equivalent 1 metric (1) 10 punctuation 1 unit 1 compound 1 figure 6 money (1) 4 revision 1 verb 1 concentration (1)1 figures (1) 11 notation (1) 5 school 2 vulgar 1 contract 1 five-tenths 1 noun (1) 1 short 1 vulgar fraction 1 day 1 fortunes 1 number (10) 44 sentence 1 whole (1) 2 Decameron 1 fraction (38) 372 numbers 15 septem 1 zero (1) 6 December (1) 2 fractional 2 one 1 small 1 zeroes 1 decimal point 1 fractions (2) 37 statistics 1 28 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 25. HYDRAULIC. Individuality Frequency, 56. Failure Frequency, 1. aqueduct 1 engineer 7 hydro¬ 1 mining 11 sanitary 1 canal 0) 1 engineering (3) 30 hydrolysis 1 P. 1 science 1 cement 2 engines 1 hydrostatic (2) 4 physics (4) 45 static 1 chemics 1 flow 1 hydrostatics (1) 1 picture 1 steam 1 chemistry 3 force 7 hydrozoon 1 pipe 1 strength of water 1 civil 1 force pump 2 laboratory (1) 4 piston 1 syringe 1 compression 1 gauge (1) 1 land 1 plant 1 technology 1 conservation 1 gold 2 Leonardo penumatic (1) 2 T. . (1) 1 C. 1 G. 1 da Vinci 1 power (4) 25 turbine 1 cow 1 grade 1 lift 1 press (13) : 118 washing machine 1 crane 3 gravity 1 lifting 1 pressed bricks 2 washout 1 dam 1 hammer 1 lime (1) 1 pressure (9) : 120 water (38) 411 dynamic 1 H. 1 machine 7 pump (5) 44 water-power 3 electric 2 heavy 1 machinery 6 pumping 1 water-pressure 2 elevator (1) 5 hose 1 mechanics (1) 4 pumps 2 weight 1 elevators 1 hydra 1 M. 1 ram (11) 53 well 1 energy 1 hydrangea 1 mine 3 reservoir 1 Z. 1 engine (1) 15 26. OSMOSIS. Individuality Frequency, 153. Failure Frequency, 58. absorption (1) 5 cosmos 2 hardening 3 ox 1 soaking through 1 action 2 cosmosis 2 hormone (1) 1 oxygen (1) 3 soil-water 1 air 1 covering 1 H. (1) 1 parchment 3 solidifying 1 A. 1 crystallize (1) 1 hydrolysis 1 partition (1) 1 solution (4) 6 alpha privative 1 crystalloid (1) 2 hydrostatics 1 pass 1 starch 1 anatomy 1 death 1 hypnosis 1 passage 6 stimulation 1 anchylosis 1 dentistry 1 important 1 passing 3 stone 1 apparatus 3 dialysis 12 integration 1 penetration (1) 5 straw 1 ascent 1 dialyzation 1 intestine 1 percolate 1 strong 1 assimilation 2 dialyzer 1 Iowa 1 percolation 2 suction 4 asthma 1 diapedesis 1 jar 1 permeability 3 sugar (1) 5 attraction 1 diaphragm (2) 6 K. 1 permeating 1 surface tension 1 automatic 1 dictionary 1 laboratory 1 permeation 1 teacher 1 bacteriology 1 dietetics 1 lameness 1 Pfeffer (2) 4 tension 1 B. 1 diffusion (6) 28 leaf 1 physical 1 test-tube 1 between 1 digestion 2 leak 1 physical text-book 1 biology 14 doctor 1 leakage 2 chemistry (1) 2 theosophy 1 bladder (1) 1 Dutrochet 1 leaves 2 physician 1 thermos 1 blood (4) 42 earth 1 liquid (1) 6 physics (3) 31 thick 1 blood-vessel 1 effusion 1 liquids (2) 6 physiological 1 thistle-tube 1 blotter 2 egg 28 lungs (1) 2 physiology 18 through 1 blotting 1 eggs 3 lymph 1 plant 12 tissue 7 bone (1) 28 Egyptian 1 medicine 7 plants (4) 11 tissues 1 bones 13 electricity 1 membrane (20) 109 plasmolysis (1) 2 transfer 2 bony 1 electrolysis 1 membranes 2 porcelain 1 transference 2 book (1) 1 endosmosis (3) 8 metabolism 3 porous 4 transformation 1 botany (1) 16 exchange 1 molasses 2 porous cup 1 transfusion 6 breathing (1) 3 exosmosis (1) 2 molecule (1) 3 pots 1 transmission 2 bulrushes 1 experiment 6 M. 1 pressing (1) 1 transpiration 1 cane sugar 1 eye 1 Moses 7 pressure (9) 63 transudation 2 capillary (1) 4 eyes 1 most 1 pressures (1) 1 transude 1 catalysis 1 fake 1 mouth 2 principle 1 tree 1 cataphoresis 1 film (1) 1 movement 1 process 7 trees (1) 1 cell 0) 7 filter (1) 2 moving 1 professor 1 triangle 1 cells 3 filtering 1 mystery 1 root (1) 2 tube (1) 3 chamois skin 1 filtration 6 N. 1 salt 2 tuberculosis 1 change 19 flowing 1 nervous 1 sap 1 tubes 1 changing 1 fluid 2 nonsense 1 science 12 turgor 1 chemical 1 fluids 1 opal 1 scientific 1 turn 1 chemistry (3) 46 food 1 O. 1 sclerosis 1 union 1 chemosis (1) 1 force 2 Oslerism 1 seep 1 universe 1 circulation 3 free 1 O. 2 semi-permeable 1 Van’t Hoff 1 clay 1 fruit 1 osmometer (1) 1 separation 1 V. 1 colloid 1 fusion (1) 1 osmotic 1 sifting 3 water (2) 33 colloids 1 gas (1) 9 ossification 1 skin 11 wearing away 1 contraction 1 gases (2) 10 osteopath 1 sleep 2 words 1 corpuscle 1 glass 1 O. (1) 2 soak 1 yeast 1 cosmopolitan 1 hair 1 out through 1 soaking 1 zoology 2 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 29 27. PERCENTAGE. Individuality Frequency, 102. Failure Frequency, 1. accounting 1 costs 1 fractions 19 one-tenth 1 rules (1) 1 addition 5 death 1 gain 2 overhead 1 salary 2 alcohol 1 debts 1 goal 1 part (3) 23 sale 1 algebra 1 decimal (5) 43 grade 2 partial 1 school 4 apply (1) 1 decimal point 1 grades 3 parts 1 science 1 arithmetic (15) 196 decimals 6 grocery 1 per cent (1) 5 seals 1 average (1) 5 degree 1 gymnasium (1) 1 percentage mark 1 share 2 bank 9 denominator (1) 1 high 2 percental 1 sign (2) 18 banking (1) 10 difficult 2 hundred (3) 49 percentile (2) 3 six 6 banks (1) 2 discount 4 hundreds 1 per cent sign 10 slate 1 base 3 dividend (1) 1 hundredth 2 P. 1 small 1 baseball 2 division 3 hundredths 13 perquisite 1 statistics (1) 11 basis 5 dollar (1) 4 income (1) 2 personage 1 stocks (1) 4 batting 2 dollars 4 increase 1 personality 1 subtract 1 bond 1 dollars and insurance (1) 3 picture 1 sum 2 bonds 2 cents (1) 1 interest (12) 77 plant 1 table 1 book 1 efficiency 2 interval 2 plus 1 tables (1) 1 business (1) 9 error (1) 5 investment 1 point 1 taxes 1 by the hundred 1 errors 1 low 1 population 1 teaching 2 calculation 3 examination 1 mark CD 7 portion 2 ten 7 cases 1 example 1 marks 2 Portugal 1 ten per cent 2 cash 1 examples 1 mathematics (2) 17 principal (1) 5 test 1 census 1 expression 1 mercantile 1 problems 2 thirty-four 1 character 1 fail 1 monachal 1 profit 4 times 1 charts 1 failures 1 money (4) 40 proportion 10 tithing 1 class 1 fifty (1) 1 multiplication 2 purchase 1 total 2 classification 1 figure (1) 12 nitrogen 1 quantity 2 twenty 1 column 1 figures (2) 15 no 1 rank 1 two 1 column of figuring 1 normal 0) 1 rate (2) 11 typewriter 1 figures (1) 1 finance 2 notes 1 ratio (2) 8 value 1 commission 1 five 2 nouns 1 reduction 1 verb 2 composition (3) 10 formula 1 number (3) 20 regents 1 vitality 1 compound 1 four 1 numbers (2) 27 relation (1) 1 whole (1) 1 computation 2 fraction (8) 72 nutrition 1 relative 1 x over one constituents 1 fractional 1 of 1 respiration 1 hundred 1 contest 1 fractional part 1 one hundred (2) 12 rhythm (1) 1 zero (1) 2 28 . CEREBELLUM. Individuality Frequency, 53. Failure Frequency 2. analysis 1 convolutions (1) 1 hair 1 motor-nucleus 1 S. 1 anatomy (2) 9 coordination 1 head (4) 44 (1) spinal 2 ante bellum 1 cortex 1 hemispheres 1 neck 1 spinal cord (1) 1 backbone 1 cranium 3 hindbrain (1) 3 newspaper 1 spine 1 balance 1 dream 1 involuntary 1 pain 1 Syracuse 1 biology 1 drug 1 irritability (1) 1 physiology 14 term 1 body 2 drunk 1 man (1) 2 picture (1) 3 text book 1 brain (63) 671 earthworm 1 medicine 1 pigeon 1 thought 2 brains (3) 13 equilibrium (1) 2 medulla (1) 11 pons (1) 2 tired 1 brother 1 flower 1 medulla position 1 tract 1 cauliflower 1 folds 1 oblongata 1 psychology 13 ventricle 1 cerebral 3 fossae 1 meningitis 1 rabies 2 walnut-shaped 1 cerebrum (16) 127 ganglion 1 mentality 1 sensation 1 war (1) 8 cherub 1 G. 1 model 1 skull (1) 6 white 1 circingle 1 Golgi 1 motor 1 small 1 zoology 1 coating 1 gray 3 30 A. J. R0SAN0FF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. R0SAN0FF 29. FRACTIONS. Individuality Frequency, 91. Failure Frequency, 3. a/b 1 decimal (9) 59 fractions 1 numerator (2) 14 several 1 abominations 1 decimals (13) 84 fractious 1 numerators 1 S. (1) 1 addition 8 denomination 1 fracture 5 of 1 simple 1 additions 2 denominator (1) 10 fractures 1 one-half (2) 4 six 2 algebra 7 denominators 1 Grammar 1 one-quarter 2 small 1 algebraic 1 different 1 G. 1 one-third (1) 1 split 1 arithmetic (24) 267 difficulties (1) 2 half 16 paper 2 stamp 1 banking (1) 1 difficulty (1) 5 halves 2 part (3) 33 strokes 1 before 0) 1 diffraction 1 improper (1) 3 partial 2 study 1 bone 1 dislike 1 inch 1 particles 3 subtraction 1 bones (1) 4 distillates 1 integer 3 partition 1 sums 4 book 1 distillation 2 integers (1) 9 parts (7) 54 symbol 1 boy 1 divide (1) 3 integral 4 per cent 1 T. 1 blackboard 2 divided 2 integrals 1 percentage 18 teacher 1 break 1 division (3) 19 interest 1 percentages 1 teaching 1 breakage 0) 1 divisions 2 Jews 1 pieces 2 ten 1 breaking 3 dollar 1 line (1) 8 picture (1) 1 tenth 1 breaks 2 E. 1 lines 1 portion 1 three-fourths 6 broken 4 equations 1 mathematics (2) 24 portions 3 three quarters 1 calculation (2) 4 example 1 medicine 1 problem 1 trouble 1 cents 0) 1 expectancy 1 misleading 1 problems 2 two 4 change 1 exponent 1 mixed 1 proper 1 two-thirds 4 character 1 faction 1 money 2 proportion 1 units 2 child 1 factors 1 multiplication 5 quotient (1) 3 vulgar (1) 5 children 1 figure 3 multiplier 2 ratio 2 whole 4 class 1 figures (1) 23 multiplying 1 rational (1) 2 whole number (1)3 common (2) 19 figuring 1 nine-tenths 1 ratios 1 •wholes 1 complex 1 five 1 nouns 1 reflection 1 words 1 compound 4 four 1 number (5) 31 room 1 work 3 computation 1 fofurth (1) 1 numbers (5) 55 school 14 Y. 1 computations 1 fraction 1 numerals 1 series 1 youth 1 30. TITRATION. Individuality Frequency, 164. Failure Frequency, (3) 254. abstract 1 color (2) 8 food 2 mortar 3 scratching 1 accuracy (1) 1 concentration 3 force 1 motion 2 screen 1 acid 13 copper 1 four 2 music 1 sedimentation 1 acidity 2 corsets 1 friction 2 naturalization 1 separation 4 acids 2 crushing 1 funnel 1 neutralization 3 serum 1 action 1 cyclone 1 geology 4 nitrate 2 shaking 2 adding 1 decinormal (1) 1 glass (1) 1 nitration 1 simmer (1) 1 addition 1 dehydrates 1 gravitation 1 nitrogen 1 solids 1 agar 1 dentition 1 Grecian 1 normality 1 solution (1) 7 alkali 1 derivation 1 Greek 1 nutrition 3 spear 1 alkalinity 1 determination 3 grinding (1) 3 obscure 1 stagnation 1 amusement 1 dictionary (1) 3 grind up 1 permanganate 3 stirring 1 analysis (4) 22 dietitian 1 gyration 1 pestle 1 stirring rod (1) 1 antipodes 1 difficult 1 Harrison 1 pharmacy 1 stock 1 apparatus 2 difficulty 1 head 1 phenolphthalein 9 stretch 1 arbitration 1 digestion 1 health 1 (1) striation 1 attrition 2 dilution (1) 1 icicle 1 physics 7 subtraction 1 bacteriology 1 disaster 1 ignorance 2 physiology (1) 3 surgery 2 baryta water 1 dislike I incomprehensible 1 pieces (1) 1 tank 1 base 1 distil 1 indicator 7 pill 1 technical 1 beaker 4 distillation 1 infiltration 1 pills 1 teeth 1 biology 3 division 3 infusion 2 pink 2 term 1 blood 1 dripping 4 ipecac 1 pipette 1 test 1 book 1 drop 3 iron 2 pounding (1) 1 testing (1) 2 botany 1 dropping (1) 1 laboratory (3) 16 pour 1 tetanus 2 bottle 1 drops (1) 4 Latin 1 pouring (2) 2 tetrad 1 brain 1 drugs 2 laughter 1 powder 2 tetrahedron (1) 1 Bunsen 1 drug store 1 leaves 1 precipitate (1) 1 three 5 burette (8) 57 drying 1 liquid (1) 1 precipitation 2 tiara 1 calcium dyadic 1 liquids (1) 2 problem 1 tide 1 carbonate 1 ebullition (1) 1 liquid solution 1 process 3 tight 8 calibration 1 end-point 1 (1) 1 proportions (1) 1 tighten 2 calorimeter 1 energy 2 litmus (1) 3 pulverization 1 tightening 1 chemical (1) 5 enigma 1 maze 1 quantitative (1) 1 tiles 1 chemical estimation (1) 1 measure 2 quantitative tincture 1 laboratory (1) 1 exhortation 1 measurement (2) analysis 1 tintillation 1 chemicals (1) 1 experiment 2 measuring 3 quantity 1 tintinabulation 3 chemist 1 extraction 1 media 1 reaction (1) 1 (1) chemistry (25) 151 filter (6) 14 median 1 red 2 tintulate 1 chemists 1 filtering 3 medicine 4 repetition 1 tirade 3 chew (1) 1 filtration (3) 18 methyl orange 2 rope 1 titan 1 churning 1 finely 1 mixing 4 rubbing (1) 9 titanic 15 circle 1 flask 1 mixture (1) 1 science 4 titanotherium 1 cock 1 fluid (2) 2 mixtures 1 scintillation 1 T. 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 3i Titian 3 Titus 2 trigonometry 1 typhoid 1 wasting 1 titillation 2 traction 1 trio 1 tyrant 1 water (1) 7 titivate 1 trees 1 trite 2 urinalysis 1 water analysis 1 title 2 tremble 1 tritonic 1 vessel 1 wearing 3 titrate 2 trembling 1 triturate (1) 3 vibration (1) 4 wearing away 2 titric acid 1 triad 1 trituration 7 volume (1) 2 wiggle 1 titular 3 triangle 1 typewriter (1) 7 volumetric (1) 2 word 4 titulate 1 trichina 1 typewriting 1 Wassermann 1 work 1 31. CARBOHYDRATE. Individuality Frequency, 103. Failure Frequency, 1. acetylene 2 chickens 1 fire 1 meat (1) 1 potatoes 4 acid 3 chloride 1 Fischer 1 medicine 4 prescription 1 acids 1 CHO (1) 2 fluid 1 metabolism (1) 12 prestolite 1 albumen 1 CHON 1 food (9) 89 methane 1 proteid 20 alcohol (1) 3 coal (1) 5 foods (1) 6 methylene 1 proteids 3 alimentary canal 1 combination 1 foodstuffs 1 mineral 1 protein (1) 16 analysis 1 comet 1 formula (1) 1 misnomer 1 protoplasm 1 anhydrous 1 compound (2) 7 fruit 1 natural history 1 raffinose 1 antiseptic 1 cooking 1 gas 6 nitrogen (2) 2 ration 1 Battle Creek 1 copper 1 gases 1 nitrogenous 1 salt 2 beans 1 corundum (1) 1 glucose 1 not fat 1 salts 1 benzene 1 dextrin 1 glycerin 1 nourishment 1 sewage 1 biology (1) 3 dextrose 2 G. 1 nutrition (2) 5 smell 1 bitumen 1 diamonds 1 grease 1 organic (1) 8 soda 1 blood 1 diet 1 H. 1 organic chemistry 2 solids 1 body 1 dietetics 1 heat 2 organics 1 S. 1 botany 2 diets 1 H. 1 organism 1 starch (11) 66 bottle 1 digestion 2 H 2 O 1 oxide 1 starches 3 bread 2 dioxide 1 hydrocarbon (4) 14 oxygen 8 substance 2 bubbles 1 disinfectant 1 hydrocarbons 4 paraffins 1 sugar (33) 170 cake 1 doctor 1 hydrochloric 1 pentosin 1 sugars (2) 17 candy 1 domestic science 1 hydrogen 1 peroxide 1 sugary 1 capillary 1 drug 2 hyposulphite 1 photo-synthesis 2 sulphur 2 carbolic (1) 2 drugs 1 ignorance 1 (1) sulphuric acid 1 carbon (5) 29 egg 3 inorganic 1 physics 9 symbol 1 carbonate 3 electric 1 iron 1 physiological T. 1 carbon dioxide 2 electric light 1 K. 1 chemistry 1 teaching (1) 1 carbonic 1 elements 1 laboratory 3 physiology 10 T. 1 carbons 1 emulsion 1 lime 1 plant 2 water (1) 22 CH 3 fat (4) 38 line 1 plants (1) 2 W. 1 chemical (1) 21 fats 18 liquid 1 potato 1 zoology 1 chemistry (9) 225 figures 1 man 1 32. DUODENUM. Individuality Frequency, 91. Failure Frequency, (1) 72. abdomen 4 cloth 1 affection 1 colon 8 alimentary canal 2 constipation 1 alimentation 1 cord 1 anatomy (7) 35 decimal 7 animal 2 demon 1 anus (1) 2 deny 1 appendicitis 4 diaphragm 1 appendix (1) 4 dictionary 1 arch (1) 1 die 1 arithmetic 3 digestion (3) 19 assimilation (1) 1 digestive tract 1 autopsy 1 doctor 2 belly (1) 1 doctors (1) 1 bend 1 dominoes 1 bile (1) 1 D. 1 binding 1 double 4 biology 4 dual (1) 1 body (2) 21 dualism 1 bone 1 duel 2 book 6 duenna 1 botany 2 D. 1 bowel (1) 6 D. 1 bowels (2) 7 duodecim 1 brain (1) 21 duodecimal (2) 28 bud 1 duo-decimals 2 caecum 1 duojeum 1 canal 1 dwelling 1 caravan (1) 1 D. 1 cerebellum 1 element 1 chemistry 1 expression 1 extirpation 1 eye 1 membrane 2 septicaemia 1 feelers 1 mesentery 1 skeleton 1 first 1 metal 1 skin 8 food 1 millions 1 sphincter (1) 1 fractions 1 misbelieving 1 spinal cord (1) 1 gastric 1 motion 1 spleen (1) 3 geometry 1 music 2 S. 1 gods 1 number 4 stomach (9) 85 Greek 1 numbers 5 structure 1 gut 3 octavo 1 sweetbread 1 head 3 oesophagus (1) 4 swelling 1 history 3 operation (1) 1 systems 1 hospital 1 organ 1 teacher 1 human body 1 organism 2 ten 3 ileum (2) 13 pancreas 2 thousand 1 ill 1 peritoneum 1 throat 1 insides 2 peritonitis 1 tissue 1 internal 2 physical 1 tube 1 intestinal (1) 2 physiology (8) 76 Turkish 1 intestine (64) 245 picture (1) 2 twelve ( 2 ) 13 intestines (1) 25 pituitary body 1 twelve inches (1) 1 Italy 1 polyhedron 1 twenty 1 jejunum (1) 18 portion 1 two (1) 47 Latin 29 psychology 1 two-ness 1 lecture 1 puzzle 1 ulcer (2) 7 liver 2 pylorus 1 Upper intestine 1 man (1) 2 rectum 7 (1) manikin 1 rhythm (1) 1 volume 1 marriage 1 ribs (1) 1 wonder 1 mathematics 3 Rome 1 word 1 medicine 2 sausage 1 years 1 medulla (1) 1 science 4 zoology 2 32 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND /. R. ROSANOFF 33. COSECANT. Individuality Frequency, 67. Failure Frequency, (4) 44. abbreviation 1 cohesion 1 division 1 line (1) 10 sea 1 algebra (1) 20 comparison 1 drawing 1 lines 1 secant GO) 84 analytic 3 conic 1 E. 1 logarithm 1 sector 1 analytics 4 consecutive 1 equal 1 logarithms (1) 2 segment 1 angle (3) 10 consequence 1 fibres 1 mathematics 66 sequence 2 angles 1 consequent 1 follow 1 (10) sextant 1 antecedent 1 contrary 1 following 3 measure 1 sine (12) 46 arc 2 coordinate 1 freshmen 1 M. 1 song 1 arithmetic (1) 16 cosine (5) 36 function (1) 2 navigation 2 square 1 astronomy 2 cosines 1 geology 1 numbers 2 tangent (8) 68 awful 1 cossack 1 geometrical 2 P. 1 text book 1 bisect 1 cosy 1 geometry (7) 79 parenthesis 1 thought 1 book 2 cotangent (2) 14 grammar 3 physics 2 together 3 botanical 1 C. 1 great 1 problem 1 triangue (1) 8 calculus 3 curve 2 happening 1 psychology 1 trigonometry 369 charts 1 cut 2 harvesting 1 radical 1 (31) chord 1 cutting 2 hypothenuse (1) 1 radius 1 truth 1 circle 5 D. 1 infinitive 1 ratio 1 university 1 coagulation 1 diagram 1 Japanese 1 room 1 Warren 1 coalesce 1 differential 1 J. 1 schoolroom (1) 1 with 2 coast 1 digestive 1 Latin 2 science 2 word 1 coefficient 7 34. BIOLOGY. Individuality Frequency, 146. Failure Frequency, 3. algae 1 C. (1) 1 G. 1 microbes 1 science I :i2) : 116 all 1 C. 1 geology 7 mineralogy 2 science of life 1 A. 1 c. 1 God 1 M. 1 scientific (1) 1 amoeba 9 cell 5 G. 1 natural history 1 scum 1 analysis 1 cells 1 grub 1 nature 1 S. (1) 2 anatomy 4 chair 1 H. 1 neurology 2 sign 1 animal (2) 35 charts 1 H. (1) 2 note book 1 sister 2 animal life 1 chemistry (2) 14 Harvard 1 ontology 1 skeleton 2 anmials (6) 41 college 4 H. 1 organic 1 S. 1 anthrax 1 C. 10 high school 1 organism 3 Snow Hall (1) 1 1 anthropology 2 course 1 histology (1) 2 organisms 1 S. 1 astronomy 1 courses 2 history 2 origin of life 1 S. 1 bacteria 2 C. 2 H. 3 outdoors 1 starfish 2 bacteriology 3 crayfish 1 H. 2 Owen Hall (1) 1 S. 1 B. 1 curriculum 1 Huxley (2) 3 oyster 1 still 1 B. 1 Darwin 3 immoral 1 palaeontology 1 S. 1 B. 1 D. 1 insect 1 parasitology 1 stones 1 biographical 1 D. 1 insects 2 P. 2 student 1 biography 4 discipline (1) 1 Institute of P. 1 study (1) 26 biologist (1) 1 dissecting 1 Technology 1 people 1 teacher 2 biometric (1) 1 dissection 2 invertebrate 1 P. 1 teaching 3 biometry 1 doctor 1 jarry 1 physics 6 test 1 bionomics 1 doctorate (1) 1 journalism 1 physiography 1 test tube (1) 1 bios (1) 1 D. 1 K. 1 physiology (1) 22 theorem 1 bird 2 duodenum 1 labortory (3) 38 plant (1) 8 thought 1 birds 2 education 1 L. 1 plants (2) 13 T. 1 bluff 1 E. 1 L. 1 pleasure 1 T. 1 bodies 1 embryology 2 life (18) 159 P. 1 trigonometry 1 body 4 entomology 1 Lilly Hall 1 P. 1 triology 2 bone 1 environment 1 limnology 1 profession (1) 1 T. 1 book (2) 7 eugenics 3 living 1 professor 1 two 1 books 1 evolution 3 lobster 1 protozoa 2 university 1 botany (6) 71 experiments 1 L. 1 protozoology 1 vital 1 B. 1 father 1 L. 1 protozoon 1 W. (2) 2 brains 1 fields 1 L. 1 psychology (1) 6 W. 1 brilliant 1 fish 1 male and female 1 jpublicj health (1) 1 W. 1 B. (1) 2 fishes 1 man 3 rabbit 1 W. 1 B. 1 flowers 1 M. 1 R. 2 W. 2 bug (1) 2 food 1 medicine (1) 3 R. 1 Woods Hole 1 bugs (1) 37 force 1 menagerie 1 R. 1 work (1) 1 building 3 frog (4) 11 messy 1 R. 1 worm 1 B. 1 frogs 4 M. 1 S. 1 worms 3 burn 1 Galloway 1 M. 1 school 2 zoology (15) 92 C. 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 33 35 . ODYSSEY. Individuality Frequency, 51. Failure Frequency, 1. Achilles 1 geography 2 literature (2) 14 period 1 stars 1 adventure 1 G. 1 model 1 pictures 1 statue 1 Aeneid 4 Greece (1) 17 M. 1 pleasure 1 story 1 analysis 1 Greek (11) 119 myth 2 poem (2) 11 study 1 ancient 1 Greek history 1 mythology 1 poetry (1) 10 surge (1) 1 audacity 1 Greeks 3 Nausicaa 1 Pope 2 teaching 2 boldness 1 Helen 1 oddity 1 pyramid 1 translation 1 book (1) 14 history (1) 3 ode 1 recitation 1 travel (1) 1 classics (2) 6 Homer (52) 455 Odysseus (1) 6 R. 1 Troy 1 college 1 Horace (1) 2 oracular 1 Roman 2 Ulysses (4) 49 dictionary 1 humiliation 1 P. 1 school » 1 Virgil # 7 eccentric 1 Iliad (18) 197 P. 1 sea 1 wandering (1) 1 English 2 L. 1 peculiar 1 ship 1 wanderings 1 epic 2 language 1 peculiarity 1 shore 1 wars 1 fable 1 Latin 17 Penelope 1 sirens 1 flight 1 36. VERTEBRATE. Individuality Frequency, 68. Failure Frequency, 0. amphibian 1 chimpanzee 1 fossil 2 mammals 5 skeletons 1 amphibious 1 chorda 1 frog 4 man (3) 66 skull 2 amphioxus 2 chordate (1) 3 geology (1) 2 matter 1 snake 4 anatomy (6) 26 class (1) 1 giraffe 1 medicine 1 species 1 animal (27) 204 classification (1) 1 Haeckel 2 mollusc 1 specimen (1) 2 animals (3) 27 coelenterata 1 H. 1 monkey 1 spinal (3) 17 anthology 1 column 8 higher animal 1 morphology 1 spinal column (1)4 anthropology 1 conundrum 1 higher animals 1 museum 1 spinal cord 1 ape 1 cord 1 horse 8 non-vertebrate 2 spine (2) 58 articulate 1 cow 4 Huxley 1 notochord 2 spineless 1 back (2) 13 cripple 1 invertebrate 104 ornithology 1 spines 2 backbone (15) 103 crooked 1 (15) O. 1 structure 3 bear 1 Darwin 1 invertebrates 1 palaeontologist 1 tail 1 beast 1 dinosaur 1 jelly 1 paleontology 2 verify 1 B. 1 dog 3 jointed 1 P. 1 vertebra (1) 3 biology (1) 16 earthworm 1 joints 1 physiology 12 vertebrae 4 bird 1 E. 1 kingdom (1) 2 psychology 1 vertigo 1 birds 1 elephant 2 laboratory 1 quadruped 1 whale 1 body 3 erect 2 legs 1 reptile 1 W. 1 bone (2) 43 evolution 4 life 2 rib 1 Woods Hole (lj 1 1 bones (1) 25 fertile 1 lizard 1 science 1 worm 1 brain 7 fish (2) 14 mammal (1) 31 segment 1 zoo 1 cat (1) 8 force 1 mammalia 1 skeleton (3) 27 zoology (4) 43 cervical 1 37. GRAVIMETRIC. Individuality Frequency, 101. Failure Frequency, 53. analysis (12) 52 dictionary 3 geophysical 1 lines 1 philology 1 analytic 1 difficulty 1 glass (1) 1 liquid (1) 1 phonograph 1 analytical 1 down 1 gram 1 machine (1) 2 physics (6) 99 anthropometric 1 draw 1 graph 2 mathematics (1) 1 7 physiography 1 apparatus 1 drawing (1) 1 graphic 1 measure (4) 63 pictorial 1 apple 1 dynamics 1 graphophone 4 measured 2 picture 1 arithmetic 3 earth 7 graphs (1) 1 measurement 34 platinum 1 arithmetical 1 ebullition (1) 1 grave (1) 2 (3) plumb 1 attraction 3 electricity 1 gravel 1 measurements 5 pressure 2 A. 1 elevator 1 graven 1 measure procedure 1 avoirdupois 1 energy 1 gravimeter 1 of weight 2 process 2 balance (4) 16 engineering 2 gravinometer 1 measuring 10 psychology 1 balances 1 esoteric 1 gravitate 3 mechanic 1 psychometric (1) 1 ball 1 fall 2 gravitation (4) 31 medical 1 pull 2 barometer 1 falling 1 gravity (1) 94 mensuration (1) 2 pycnometer 1 biometric 1 falling body 1 gravy 1 metals 1 quantitative 2 burette (1) 1 figuration 1 heavy (5) 18 meter 8 rule 1 by weight 1 flask 2 hydraulic 1 meters 1 ruler 2 calcium oxide 1 fluid (1) 1 hydrolysis 1 method (3) 4 scale (1) 11 centrifugal 1 force 6 hydrometer 2 metric 10 scales (2) 5 charge 1 France (1) 1 instrument 4 metrical 1 school 1 chemistry (5) 35 French 1 instruments 1 metric system 8 science 15 circle 1 function 1 isomeric 1 metrocentric 1 separation 1 compass (1) 1 g • 1 isometric 3 metronome 1 solution 1 composition 1 galvanometer 4 laboratory 2 mining 1 specific 2 declension 1 geocentric 1 land 1 monument 1 specific gravity 2 determination (1)4 geography 3 Latin 2 Newton (1) 16 spring balance 1 determinations 1 geology (1) 2 law 1 number 1 star 1 diagrams 1 geometric 4 lead 1 optometry 1 stoichiometric 1 diametric 2 geometry 6 line 1 pedestrian 1 sure 1 34 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF surveying 1 technology 1 trigonometric 1 volumetric (7) 42 weight (12) 103 system (1) 24 test (1) 3 tropism (2) 2 water 1 weight measure 3 table 2 tests 1 unit 1 weigh 2 weights (2) 7 tape measure 1 titration 4 volume 1 weighing (8) 14 38. FEDERAL. Individuality Frequency, 74. Failure Frequency, 1. aid 1 commonwealth 1 governmental 3 municipal 5 southerner 1 Alexander Confederacy 2 governor 1 nation 6 state (10) 80 Hamilton 1 confederate (9) 43 grant (1) 2 national (2) 33 state rights 1 America 1 confederates 1 Hamilton 4 national states (2) 20 American 1 confederation 1 hat 1 government 1 statute 1 annex 1 congress (2) 2 history 5 navy 1 street (1) 1 anti-federal 1 constitution (7) 47 Huerta 1 New York 1 sugar 1 army 19 constitutional (1) 6 inquiry 1 north 1 Switzerland 1 assembly 1 constitutionalist 2 insurance 1 northern 1 system 2 athletic 1 constitutionalists 1 insurgent 1 obligation 1 tax (1) 3 Australia 1 continental 1 interstate papers 1 tires 1 bank 2 control (1) 3 commerce 1 Philadelphia 1 town 1 baseball (2) 5 council 1 investigation 1 politics (2) 3 troop 1 battle 1 country 8 Jefferson (1) 2 postal 1 troops (2) 13 blue-coat 1 court (1) 9 judge 5 prison 2 truck 1 board (1) 3 courts (2) 5 jurisdiction 1 rational 1 union (2) 39 book 1 delivery 1 law (1) 15 rebel (1) 10 unionist 1 building 2 democratic 2 laws (1) 1 rebels 4 united (1) 6 bureau 1 district 2 league 13 republic 2 United States 41 capital 2 dominion 1 Lee 1 republican (1) 3 (7) chief 1 express 10 liberal 2 reserve 5 United States civics 1 federation 1 Madison 1 reserve act 1 government 1 civil 5 ferocious 1 Mexican 1 revolution 2 unity 1 Civil War 3 feudal 1 Mexicans 1 soldier (2) 11 vocal 1 colonial 1 flag 1 Mexico 10 soldiers (1) 4 war 15 combine 1 fusion 1 military 1 south 2 Washington (1) 12 combined (1) 1 government 353 monarchy 1 southern 1 Wilson 3 commission 1 (33) money 3 39. MORPHOLOGY. Individuality Frequency, 130. Failure Frequency, (1) 31. ablant 1 chemistry (1) 3 fern (1) 1 logic 2 shape (3) 26 abnormal 1 classification 3 field 1 logos 1 shapes (1) 2 abnormalism 1 coast-line 1 fitness 1 man 6 sick 1 algae 1 cocaine 1 flower 3 M. 1 sickness 1 A. 1 cocoon 1 flowers (1) 2 medical 1 sickness 1 amorphous 3 college 1 form (59) 131 medicine (1) 18 similar 1 analysis 2 comparative 1 forms (2) 10 metamorphosis 3 size 1 anatomy (9) 31 constitution 1 form study 1 microscope 5 skeleton 2 ancient 1 corpse (1) 1 fossils 1 microscopic 1 sleep 20 angiosperma 1 C. 1 function (1) 2 minute 1 species 1 animal (1) 9 crystal 1 fungi 1 mollusc 1 S. 1 animals (1) 5 crystals (1) 1 geology 4 morgue (1) 1 stone 1 anthology 1 cytology 1 Greek 2 Mormon 1 straight 1 anthropology 10 dead 4 growing 1 morphe 1 S. 1 anthropomorphic 1 dead body 1 growth 1 Morpheus 8 structural (1) 1 anthropomorphism death 48 gymnosperms 1 morphine (3) 31 structure (6) 52 2 death rate 1 Haeckel 1 morphosis 1 studies 1 arena 1 degenerate 1 head 1 mortality 1 study 14 bacteria 3 derivation 2 health 1 mortification I study of plants ! 1 bacteriology 3 development 4 heart 1 moth 1 substance 1 biological 1 dictionary 1 H. 1 mouldy 1 sulphur 1 biology (3) 44 disease 4 hermaphrodite 1 mythology 2 surface 1 blood (1) 2 doctor 1 histology 14 N. 1 system (1) 2 bodies (1) 2 doctors 1 history 1 origin 1 taxonomy 1 body 5 doxology 1 homology 1 ornithology 1 teacher 1 bone 2 drugs 1 hospital 2 ossify 1 teleology (1) 1 bones 4 dying 1 human 1 paleontology (1) 2 T. 1 book (1) 5 ease 1 H. 1 parts 1 tissue 1 botany (6) 33 ecology (1) 2 Huxley 1 pathology 6 toxicology 1 brain 1 embryo 1 hygiene 1 person 1 trees 1 bugs 1 embryology (2) 10 illustrations 1 philosophy 1 undertaker 1 butterflies 1 endosperms 1 infancy 1 physics 1 variation 3 butterfly 3 eternity 1 insect 1 physiology (6) 27 vertebrate 1 Canadian 1 ethnology 1 insects 2 plant (1) 26 vertebrates 1 cat 2 etiology 1 J. 1 plants (5) 27 weakness 1 catalogue 1 etymology 1 knowledge 1 poison 1 W. 1 cell 1 evolution (1) 2 laboratory (1) 2 psychology 1 word 2 cells 1 exchange 1 language 1 roots 1 words 1 change 35 experimental 1 leaf 1 science (4) 59 writer 1 changes 3 fashion (1) 1 life 7 sex 1 zoology (2) 20 characteristics 2 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 35 40. HYPOTHENUSE. Individuality Frequency, 55. Failure Frequency, 6. abscissa 2 diagram 1 incline 1 proposition (1) 2 slant 2 algebra 1 distance (1) 1 isosceles 1 Pythagoras (1) 11 slope 1 altitude 1 Euclid (1) 1 J. 1 Pythagorean Socrates 1 angle (8) 55 expression 1 leg (2) 20 proposition 1 square 13 angles 6 father 1 legs 3 reasoning 1 squares 3 animal 1 figure 1 letter N. (1) 1 rectangle 5 straight line 1 Aristotle 1 figures 1 line (2) 24 right 5 subtending (1) 1 arithmetic 8 formula 1 long 1 right angle (1) 15 sun 1 arm 1 geology 1 mathematics (2) 19 right angled supposition 1 axiom 1 geometry (9) 141 misery 1 triangle 1 tangent 3 base (2) 14 grammar 1 news 1 right triangle 2 theory 1 cathete 1 hippopotamus 2 oblique 1 secant (1) 2 triangle (61) 542 circle 1 horizontal 1 TT 1 section 1 triangles 1 conclusion 1 hyperbola 3 perpendicular 6 shortness 1 triangulation 1 cosine 1 hypocrite 1 (1) side 8 trigonometry (2) 8 crooked 1 hypostoma 1 Plato 1 sides 1 upright 1 demonstration 1 hypothecate 1 pons asinorum 2 sine 1 visual (1) 1 diagonal (1) 6 hypothesis (1) 7 problem 1 Africa 1 America (1) 7 Argentine 1 astronomy 1 Balboa 2 biology 1 boat 1 brain 1 British 1 cape 5 Cape Horn 7 captain 1 circumnavigate 2 circumnavigation 13 circumnavigator 2 city 2 civil 1 Columbus (1) 4 41. MAGELLAN. Individuality Frequency, 47. Failure Frequency, (1) 7. combers (1) 1 Gibraltar 1 Pacific (1) 11 Spain (1) 13 compass 1 globe 1 Panama 3 Spaniard 3 Cook (1) 1 history (1) 28 passage 1 Spanish 4 Cortez 1 Indus 1 Patagonia 1 strait (17) ; 269 cruise 1 island 4 Patagonian 1 straits (52) 344 Darwin (1) 1 Italian 1 Philippine (1) 1 Straits of date 1 Keats 1 picture 2 Magellan 1 Diaz 1 Labrador (1) 1 Portugal (1) 1 Tierra del discoverer (3) 37 land 1 Portuguese (1) 2 Fuego (1) 2 discoverers 1 Magella (1) 2 sail 1 time 1 discovery (1) 22 magician 1 sailor 4 travel 2 earth 1 man 10 schooner 1 traveler 2 exploration (1) 5 map 1 scientist 1 trip 1 explorer (3) 37 inarticulate 1 sea 10 voyage 9 Ferdinand 1 name 1 sea-farer (1) 1 war 2 flagella 1 navigation 3 ship 5 water 5 flagellum 1 navigator (1) 4 South America 23 world 8 general 1 ocean (2) 8 (2) word 1 geography (2) 19 42. HEXAMETER. Individuality Frequency, 73. Failure Frequency, 6. Aeneid (1) 4 English 3 Iliad (2) 3 parsing 1 science 2 air 1 epic 2 instrument 6 pentad 1 seven 1 algebra (1) 3 Euclid 1 kindergarten 1 pentagon 4 shape (1) 3 angle 2 Evangeline (1) 4 language 1 pentagonal 1 side 1 apothem 1 examination (1) 1 Latin 3 pentameter (4) 59 sides 4 apparatus (1) 2 example 1 line 5 perimeter 16 six (5) 121 arithmetic 3 feet 1 literature 2 physics 2 six angles 1 bees 1 figure (4) 53 Longfellow 4 plane 1 six foot 2 bicycle 1 five 1 Longfellow’s poem (4) 9 six parts 1 Blackie (1) 1 foot 2 Miles Standish 1 poetry (20) 116 six-sided 3 caesura 1 form (1) 10 many sides 1 polygon (2) 20 six sides 1 cell 1 fraction 1 mathematical 1 polyhedron 1 solid 1 centimeter 1 geology 1 mathematics (1) 18 Pope (1) 4 Spenser 1 circle 4 geometric 2 measure (1) 9 prism 1 spiders (1) 1 circumference 1 geometry (3) 100 measurement 5 problem 1 square 2 crystal 2 Greek 5 meter (2) 19 prose (2) 2 stanza 2 dactyl (1) 4 Greeks 1 metric (1) 4 prosody (1) 5 steigt 1 dactylic 5 hectagon 2 ntiles 1 pyramid 1 studying 1 decimal 1 Hector 3 Milton 1 quintameter 1 taximeter 1 declamation (1) 1 heptateuch 1 music 8 rhetoric 2 teach 1 diagonal 2 hexagon (1) 21 N. 1 rhomboid 1 teaching 1 diagram 1 hexagonal 3 noun 1 rhomboidal 1 ten 1 diagrams 1 hexagraph 1 octagon (1) 8 rhyme 4 tetrameter (1) 6 diameter (3) 14 H. 1 octagonal 2 rhythm (1) 6 triangle (1) 9 distance 1 Homer (1) 14 Odyssey (1) 3 rule 1 trigonometry 6 double 1 honeycomb 1 paper 1 S. 1 T. 1 drawing 2 horoscope 1 parabola (1) 2 scanning 1 verse (16) 103 duodecagon 1 horse 1 parameter 4 scansion 2 versification 2 edge 1 iambic 11 Paris 1 school 1 Virgil (4) 16 eight 2 iameter 1 36 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 43. METEOR. Individuality Frequency, 100. Failure Frequency, 0. aerolite 1 discussion 1 Harpswich 1 mineral (1) 2 shooting 3 air 2 D. 1 heat 1 mistake 1 shotting (1) 4 airship 1 earth 1 heaven (1) 3 moon 1 shooting star (3) 5 Alaska 1 elements 1 heavenly 1 motion 2 shooting stars 1 American etching 1 heavenly body 1 museum (1) 8 shower (1) 1 Museum 1 explosion 1 heavens (1) 13 Nebraska 1 sky (10) 112 arctic 1 fall (2) 9 Helmholtz 1 nebula 1 space 1 asteroid 4 falling 14 Hohenzollern 1 newspaper 1 sparks 1 astrology 1 falling star 3 hot 1 nickel 3 spectrum 1 astronomy (10) 125 famous 1 image (1) 1 object 1 speed 1 bacteriology 1 fast 1 Iowa 1 Peary 1 star (29) ; 275 ball (1) 1 fear 1 iron (6) 31 Perseids 1 stars (1) 31 ball of fire 1 fell 1 K. (1) 1 phenomenon 1 Stella 1 black 1 fiery 1 laboratory 1 picture 1 stone (2) 16 blood 1 fire 6 lava 1 planet 14 streak 2 body (1) 5 fire ball 1 light (2) 32 planetesimal 1 sun 1 bright (1) 3 flame 2 lightning 1 (1) surprise (1) 1 brightness 2 flare (1) 1 local 1 planets 3 swiftness 1 brilliancy 1 flash 11 mass 1 poem 1 tail 2 brilliant 1 flashing body 1 measure 2 poetry 1 task 1 Brooklyn 1 flight (1) 3 mellifluous 1 quick 1 telegraphy 1 career 2 fly 1 message 1 rapid 1 telescope 1 celestial 1 flying 2 metal (1) 6 road 1 trail (1) 2 cheese 1 fragment 1 meteorite (5) 15 rock (1) 7 train (1) 2 cloud 1 geologic 1 meteorites 1 rocket 2 water 3 comet (8) 89 geology 7 meteorlogical 1 rush 1 wave 1 comets 1 Greek 1 meteorology 3 satellite 2 weather 1 cosmic 2 Halley 1 meter (1) 1 Saturn (1) 1 weight 1 destruction 1 Halley’s 2 middle 1 science 1 Wilhelm 1 discovery 1 Halley’s comet 1 Milton 1 ship (1) 1 world 1 yacht 2 44 . MOMENTUM. Individuality Frequency, 64. Failure Frequency, 0. acceleration 8 accident 1 action 3 arithmetic 1 automobile 3 balance 1 ball (3) 6 body 6 bullet 1 bump 1 cannon 1 cannon ball 2 car 2 cause 1 center 1 circumference 1 down 1 drop 1 eccentric 1 energy (3) 10 engine (1) 7 equation 1 factor 1 fall 2 falling 1 fast 1 flying 1 force (17) ; 223 formula 2 forward (1) 1 go 1 going (1) 4 gravimetric 1 gravitation 1 gravity (4) 13 heavy 3 hurry 1 immobility 1 impact (2) 4 impetus 8 impulse (1) 6 increased 1 inertia (7) 43 initiative 1 irresistible 1 irresistibility (2) 1 I. W. 1 kinetic energy (2) 2 law 1 laziness 1 leg 1 locomotive 1 machine 1 mass (5) 38 matter 1 mechanics (2) 11 mesentery 1 minimum 1 minute 1 moment 4 momentous (1) 2 momentum 1 morality 1 motility 1 motion (9) 76 mountain 1 movement (4) 36 moving 2 m. v. (1) 6 Newton 3 object 1 ocean 2 pendulum 2 physics (8) 104 plane 1 power 15 present 1 pressure 2 prodigious 1 projectile 1 push (2) 13 quick 2 quickness 1 rapid 1 rapidity 4 rate 1 resistance (1) 2 rest (1) 1 roll 1 rolling 1 rush 2 rushing 1 science 1 ship (1) 1 shoot 1 sliding 1 space 2 speed (9) 149 sphere 1 start 2 still 1 stone 1 strength 1 swift 5 time 1 train 20 trolley 1 truck 1 velocity (5) 36 vis viva (2) 2 weight (7) 37 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 37 45. CORNWALLIS. Individuality Frequency, 70. Failure Frequency, 3. adirfiral 0) 1 country 1 history (2) 36 palisades 1 soldiers 1 ambassador (1) 1 Cromwell 1 Hudson (1) 4 peace (1) 1 statesman 1 America 2 defeat 11 Hudson River 1 Peekskill 1 surrender (7) 49 American 1 defeated 1 India (1) 2 Pennsylvania 1 surrendered 1 American history 1 duke (2) 6 Indians 1 picture 3 sword 4 A. 1 Edinburgh 1 Ireland 2 pictures 1 Syracuse 1 army 3 E. 1 J. 1 place 1 T. 1 battle (4) 57 England (2) 45 Jackson 1 plains 1 teacher 1 battles 1 English (1) 36 Jamestown 1 Quebec 1 Texas 1 Boston 2 Englishman 2 J. 1 rebellion 1 threatening (1) 1 Brandywine 1 fight 4 J. 1 red 2 Ticonderoga 1 British 0) 18 fighter 1 L. 1 red-coat 1 troops 1 brook 1 fighting 1 Lafayette 3 revolution (9) 80 uniform 1 Burgoyne 0) 7 French 1 leader 1 revolutionary 3 valley 2 charge 1 general (11) 130 lodge 3 Revolutionary Valley Forge 2 Civil War 2 generals 1 Long Island 1 War 3 Wales 1 coal 1 geography (1) 1 lord (7) 41 Richmond 1 war (1) 25 Columbus 1 Georgetown (1) 2 man (3) 19 Saint Nicholas 1 Washington (4) 75 commander 1 George New Jersey (1) 1 Saratoga 4 Waterloo 3 C. 1 Washington 3 New York 3 Scotland 1 West (5) 35 corn 1 giant 1 night 1 siege (1) 1 York (1) 7 corn-cob 1 government (1) 2 Oregon (1) 1 snow 1 Yorktown, (25) 167 cornucopia 1 Great Britain 1 painting 1 soldier 11 Yorktown Cornwall (2) 7 Heights 1 4 6. PROTOZOON. Individuality Frequency, 121. Failure Frequency, 14. acinetae 1 changing 1 God 1 movement (1) 1 protozooid 1 age 6 chaos 1 G. 1 nuclein 1 psychology 1 algae 1 chart 1 green 1 O. 1 pulp 1 amoeba (27) 187 chemistry 3 group 1 one cell 2 rock 1 amoeban 1 cilia 1 Haeckel 2 organism 6 science 12 ameboid 1 class (1) 2 H. 1 organisms 1 S. 1 amphibian 1 college 1 high school 1 ovum 1 sea (1) 4 anatomy 1 creation 1 hydra (1) 2 paleontology 2 sea shore 1 ancient 2 creature 1 hydrate 1 paramoecium 16 seed 1 ancient animal 1 crustacean 2 hydrozoon 1 (6) semen 1 animal (14) 107 Darwin (1) 2 hygiene 1 parasite 7 sewage 1 animalcule (2) 10 deep sea 1 infection 1 pedagogy 1 simple (1) 3 animal parasite 1 D. 1 infusion (1) 1 period 2 simplicity 1 animals 3 dilflugia 1 infusoria 5 periods 1 single 2 antiquity 1 digestion 1 insect 1 phyla 1 slime 1 anything (1) 1 disease (1) 4 invertebrate 1 phylum 1 small (1) 7 archaic 1 diseases 1 jelly 3 physiology 9 smallness 1 atomic 1 early 2 J. (2) 2 P. 1 S. 1 bacteria (2) 7 E. 1 lakes 1 plant 7 specimen 1 bacteriology 6 elemental 1 Latin 1 plasm 1 sperm 1 beginning 1 elementary 1 Leishman- prevital 1 spermatozoon 1 biology (4) 135 embryology 1 Donovan 1 primal 1 sponge 1 bioplasm 1 entozoon 1 life (3) 36 primitive (3) 10 sporozoon 1 blood 1 eras 1 lifeless 1 prodigy 1 stone 1 blue 1 Euglena 1 low 1 proletariat 1 S. 1 body 1 evolution 3 lowest 1 protagonist 1 study 1 botany 4 fertilization 1 mammal 1 protegulum 1 stuff 1 B. 1 first 10 marine (1) 1 proteid 2 text book 1 bryophyte 1 first life 1 metazoa 2 protein 1 unicellular (6) 14 bryozoon 1 flagellate 4 metazoon (4) 18 proteus 1 Urtiere 1 bug (1) 9 fluid 1 microorganism 5 protista 2 vagina 1 bugs 2 food 6 microscope (1) 5 protophyte 1 vegetable 1 B. 1 form 1 microscopic 3 protoplasm (3) 17 water 11 C. (1) 4 foramimfera 1 minute 2 protoplasmic 1 wiggle 1 carbohydrates 1 geology 20 mollusc 1 protose 1 zone 3 carbon cell (2) 1 20 r m 3 1 motion 1 protozoa 1 zoology (8) 79 38 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 47. SYNTAX. Individuality Frequency, 67. Failure Frequency, 3. adverb 2 context 1 L. 1 question 1 syndicate 1 agreement 1 correctly 1 logic 1 reflex 1 synonymous 1 algebra 1 declension 7 mathematics 3 regents 2 synthesis 7 analysis (1) 6 diagram 2 M. 1 relation 3 synthetic 2 analyze 6 diagrams (1) 1 meaning 1 relationship 1 system 1 Anglo-Saxon 1 diction 1 M. 4 rhetoric (3) 21 tax (1) 3 arithmetic 2 division 1 noun (1) 19 rule 2 technical 1 arrangement (1) 3 doctor (1) 8 nouns 4 rules 3 tin tacks (1) 1 beauty 1 English 19 nuisance 1 sailor 1 together 1 book 1 English grammar 1 numbers 1 school 4 use 1 botany 1 form 2 of 1 schoolroom 1 verb (7) 49 Cinderalla 1 French 1 parse (1) 4 science (1) 1 verbs (1) 8 class 1 genealogy 1 parsing 3 sentence (5) 42 verse 1 classification 1 German 1 participle 1 similar 1 Virgil 1 classroom 1 grammar (57) 577 phrase 1 S. 1 word (1) 11 climax (1) 1 grammatical (1) 2 plates 1 speech (1) 3 words (1) 8 combination 1 Greek (2) 4 play 1 spelling 1 work 1 composition 3 hard 1 predicate (1) 2 structure (1) 7 writing 1 concept 1 instruction 1 preface 1 study 2 Wundt 1 conjugation (1) 3 labor 1 pronoun 1 subject 1 Xenophon 1 connection 1 language (1) 14 prosody (7) 27 S. 1 yawning 1 construction 19 Latin 12 pupils 1 syncopate 1 48. DISTILLATION. Individuality Frequency, 91. Failure Frequency, , 2. alcohol (9) 77 constellation 1 extension 2 liquors 6 sight 1 ammonia 2 contraction 1 extract 1 M. 2 solution 3 analysis 1 cremation 1 eyes 1 medicine 1 spelling 1 apparatus 5 crystallization 1 fermentation 2 mercury 1 spirits 11 atmosphere 1 destructive 1 fever 1 moonshine 1 stars 2 beaker (1) 1 dew 9 filter (1) 8 oil 1 steam (2) 21 beer 5 dilation 1 filter paper 1 oils 1 still (2) 10 blood (1) 1 distance 1 filtration 3 percentage 1 sublimation (1) 1 boil 3 distant 1 flask (1) 12 percolation 1 sugar 1 boiler (1) 1 distend 1 fluid 3 physics 9 sulphuric 1 boiling (5) 13 distil 5 fluids 2 pouring 1 superior 1 booze 1 distillate (2) 2 fraction 3 precipitate 1 swamp 1 bottle (1) 5 distilled 2 fractional (1) 15 pressure 1 swelling 1 Bourbon 1 distillery 6 fractionating 1 pressures 1 swollen 1 brandy 2 distilling (1) 2 fractionation (1) 2 process 7 temperature 1 brewery (1) 11 drink 1 gas 3 product 1 titration (1) 1 brewing 2 drinking 1 heat 7 professor 1 tube 2 bromide 1 drop 2 heart 1 proximity 1 tubes 1 carboy 1 drops (1) 4 h 2 o 1 pure 3 vacuum 1 cell 1 drug store 1 hydraulic 1 purification (1) 10 vapor (5)12 change 1 drying 1 improvement (1) 1 purify 5 vaporization 1 chemical 2 ebullition (1) 1 inflated 1 purifying 2 vaporize 1 chemistry (8) 96 electricity 1 inhalation (1) 1 purity (1) 4 volatility 1 cider 2 enlarge 1 instillatiort 1 reduction 2 volatilization 1 clear 1 essence 2 Kentucky 1 refining 1 volume 1 coagulation (1) 2 ether 1 laboratory (2) 3 research (1) 1 water (20) 258 coffee 1 evaporation (5) 18 line 1 retort (1) 10 whiskey (11) 98 coil 1 exhalation 3 liquid (2) 12 rye 1 wine 8 concentration 1 expanding 2 liquidation 1 science 2 wines 1 condensation 10 expansion 1 liquids 5 separating 1 work 1 (3) experiment 3 liquification 1 separation 5 worm 1 condenser (1) 4 extend 1 liquor (1) 32 sifting 1 yeasts (1) 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 39 49 . POLLEN. Individuality Frequency, 54. Failure Frequency, 4. anther (4) 11 cross hay fever (1) 5 plantago 1 sperm 1 anthers 1 fertilization 1 Holland 1 plants (3) 23 spore 1 Apollum 1 daffodils 1 honey 3 Poland 2 spring (1) 2 bee (3) 32 dust (3) 17 insect 1 polyandry 2 sprout 1 bees 16 Dutch 1 insects (1) 4 pool 1 stamen (3) 27 beeswax 1 fecundation 1 leaf 1 poppy 2 stamens 2 Belguim (1) 1 fertility 1 life 1 powder (1) 12 stigma (1) 9 biology 2 fertilization (4) 16 lily 3 reproduction 3 tassel 1 botany (6) 73 fertilize I lycopodium 1 return 1 tube (2) 5 bumble bee 1 fish 1 male 2 rhododendrons 1 vegetation 1 butterfly 1 flower (36) 419 M. 1 (1) water 2 Campbell 1 flowers (4) 99 ovule 0) 3 rose 1 weeds 1 carrying 1 garden 1 pallial 1 scatter 1 wheat 1 college 1 germination 1 paper 1 seed (2) 14 wind 1 color 1 gold 1 petals 1 semen (1) 2 yellow 18 C. 1 grain (1) 12 picture 1 serum 1 yellow dust 2 core 1 grains 3 pistil 6 smell (1) 1 yellow powder 1 corn 8 granules 1 plant (18) 82 soft 1 (1) corn pollen 1 Greek 1 50. PENINSULA. Individuality Frequency, 68. Failure Frequency, 3. Alaska 1 dirt 1 land (14) 172 Ohio 1 sharp 1 America 1 Dover 1 land forms 1 oriental 1 Sinai (1) 1 amoena (1) 1 estuary 1 Leland Stanford 1 Panama 10 sound 1 arm 1 extension 2 Lower paper 1 south 1 bay (1) 5 Florida (6) 64 California 1 pen 1 South America 2 body of land 1 form 2 Madagascar 1 peninsula 1 Southern boot 1 Gallipoli 1 Magellan 2 penning 1 California 2 California 1 geography (10) 128 mainland 1 Pennsylvania 1 Spain (3) 33 campaign 5 German 1 Malay (1) 4 physical Spanish 5 cape (4) 35 Gibraltar 2 map (2) 16 geography 1 spit (1) 1 Cape Cod (1) 6 Good Hope 1 Massachusetts 1 physiography 1 strait (4) 22 Cape Horn 1 Greece 3 Mexican 1 point (2) 17 straits 2 Chesapeake 1 gulf 2 Mexico 1 point of land 1 stretch 1 connection 1 headland 1 Michigan (1) 9 Portugal 2 thin 1 continent (1) 3 Iberian (1) 4 milk 1 projection 6 tongue 1 Corea 1 island (25) 210 Miseno 1 river 1 triangle 1 Cornwall 1 isthmlus (2) 22 narrow 2 Sagamore 1 upper 2 country 2 Italy (3) 18 neck (2) 19 sand 1 Virginia 1 Crimea 1 Jamestown 1 neck of San Francisco 1 war (1) 1 delightful 1 jutting 1 land (1) 1 San Mateo 1 water (6) 55 Denmark 2 Kiau-Chow 1 New York (1) 1 Scandinavia 3 work 1 description (1) 1 Korea 1 Norway 1 sea (1) 9 York 1 diagram 1 Labrador 2 ocean (1) 8 shape (1) 2 Yucatan (1) 8 Si. BINOMIAL. Individuality Frequency, 63. Failure Frequency, 6. accuracy (1) 1 curve 3 grammar 2 number (1) 12 s. 2 algebra (7) 118 decimal 1 Greek 1 numbers 5 surd 1 algebraic 1 diurnal 1 G. 1 numeral 1 synonymous 1 angle 1 double (2) 9 half 1 one 1 system 3 annual 1 double name 1 hyphen (1) 1 P. 1 term (1) 1 arithmetic 14 dual 2 letters 1 physics 1 terms (1) 2 bilateral 1 equation (1) 13 Linnaeus ( 3 ) 6 physiology 1 theorum (54) 510 bimanual 1 expansion 3 logarithm (1) 1 polynomial (2) 10 theory 28 binocular 1 exponent 2 mathematical 1 power (1) 1 trinomial (2) 20 biometric 1 factor 1 mathematics (6) 40 problem 1 twice 3 biometrical 1 factors 1 memory 1 progression 1 two (2) 48 bionomics 1 figure 4 monomial (1) 6 pseudonym 1 two names 2 book 1 figures 1 multinomial 1 quadratic 1 two number 1 botany 1 formula (1) 3 name (4) 11 quantity 1 two numbers 1 calculus 1 fraction (1) 18 Newton (2) 6 school 1 two parts 1 classification 1 fractions 2 noim 1 science 1 two term 1 coefficient 1 genetics 1 nomenclature 12 sentence 1 unit 1 college 1 geometry (1) 10 (3) single 1 word 2 comic sections 1 G. (1) 1 noun 1 study 1 zoology 1 cousin 1 glasses 1 40 A. J. R0SAN0FFH. E. MARTIN AND I. R. R0SAN0FF 52. CRUSTACEAN. Individuality Frequency, 93. Failure Frequency, 7. age 7 classification 2 fat 1 low life 1 scale 1 amphibian 2 coagulation 1 fish (1) 26 mineralogy 1 school 2 amphibious 1 coating over 1 flower 2 mollusc (8) 42 science (1) 5 amphipod 1 copapod 1 fluid 1 molluscan 1 scum 1 anatomy 1 coral 3 fossil 1 molluscs 1 sea 5 animal (6) 69 covering 2 Friday Harbor 1 moon 1 sea shore 1 animals 1 crab (22) 139 frog 1 moult 1 seek 1 annelid 1 crabs (2) S frustration (1) 1 mud 1 shell (8) 76 anthropology 1 crank 1 geography 3 ocean 1 shelled 2 antique 1 crater 2 geological 1 organism 2 shell fish (4) 20 appendage (1) 1 crawfish (2) 10 geology 66 origins (1) 1 shells (2) 8 apple 1 crayfish (5) 37 hard (3) 16 oyster 10 shelly 1 arthropod (1) 7 crossing 1 hardening 4 oysters 1 ship 1 arthropods 1 crushing 1 hardness 1 paleontology 1 shrimp 1 astacus 1 crust (1) 28 horseshoe crab 1 parasite 1 snail 2 baked 1 Crustacea 1 incrustation 1 period 8 snails 1 barnacle 2 crusty 2 insect (1) 7 physics 1 solution 1 biological 1 crystal 4 insects 1 physiology 1 star fish 2 biology (1) 30 crystallization 3 invertebrate (1) 1 6 pie 1 study 1 bone 3 crystallography 1 isopod 2 plant 4 surface 7 break 1 crystallize 1 K. 1 pollen 1 swamp 1 bugs 1 crystals 1 laboratory 1 primitive 2 temper 1 calcium 1 development (1) 1 land 2 pristine 1 thick 1 cambarus 1 D. 1 lava 1 protozoon 1 thickening 1 carapace 1 dinosaur ( 1) 1 legs 1 rain 1 turtle 4 cephalopod 1 early 1 life (1) 5 rock 4 vertebrate 3 cerulean 1 earth 47 liquid 1 rocks 6 water 2 chrysanthemum 1 edge 1 lobster (15) 88 roughness 1 white 1 clam (1) 6 encrusted 2 lobsters (2) 4 rough surface 1 worm 1 clams (1) 3 entomostracan 1 lower animals 1 salt 1 zoology (5) 37 class 2 exoskeleton 1 (1) S 3 - BONAPARTE. Individuality Frequency, 61. Failure Frequency, 0 . Alps 1 D. (1) 1 guinea pig 1 name 1 soldier 5 ambition 2 Elba (1) 4 H. 1 Napoleon (45) 559 Spanish 1 Antoinette 1 emperor (1) 2 hat 1 N. 1 story 1 army 1 England 1 Helena (1) 3 niche 1 strength 1 battle 6 Europe 1 hero 2 painting 1 successful 1 Beauharnais 1 explorer 1 history (2) 16 Paris (2) 3 tomb 1 Blenkins 1 fate 1 horse 2 picture 3 tyranny 1 bona fide 1 father 1 Iowa 1 portrait 1 tyrant 1 bone 1 fool 1 island 1 rascal 1 victor 1 Boney 1 France (9) 101 joke 1 revolution (1) 2 Victor Hugo (1) 1 Bordentown 1 French (4) 20 Josephine 7 revolutionary 1 victory 2 Buonarotti 1 Frenchman 1 king 1 Rhine 2 W. 1 cartoon 1 French leader (1) 1 ruler 1 war (3) 12 Channing 1 Revolution 2 little (1) 2 Saint wars (1) 1 commander 1 gambler 1 Louis 1 Helena (3) 13 Washington 1 C. 1 general (8) 61 Louise 1 short I Waterloo (9) 66 Cornwallis 1 genius 4 man (2) 10 Sicily 1 Wellington (3) 14 Corsica 9 gorgeous 1 Maryland 1 smallness 1 W. 1 Corsican (1) 3 great 2 Moscow 1 54. MERIDIAN. Individuality Frequency, 83. Failure Frequency, 1. across 1 chart 1 distance 2 geography (9) 128 hot after 1 China 1 division 2 geology 1 hundredth afternoon 1 circle (1) 24 divisional 1 globe (2) 26 imaginary altitude 1 circles 1 earth (6) 50 Greenwich (9) 61 imagination angle 1 cold 1 East Boston 1 heat 4 Indianapolis arc 1 compass (1) 2 elliptic (1) 1 heavens 3 Iowa artificial (1) 1 Connecticut 2 England 1 height 2 isogenism astronomy (5) 21 day 2 equator (3) 55 hemisphere (2) 5 isothermal axis 1 derivation 1 equinox (1) 1 high 2 land azimuth 1 diagram 1 first 2 hill (1) 1 latitude < Boston 1 dial 1 forty-ninth 1 hops 1 line (1 center 3 diatom 1 Galileo 1 horizon 1 lines central 1 dies 1 geodesy 1 horizontal (1) 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 4i lodge 1 middle 7 physical sister 1 temperature 1 London 2 midway 1 geography 1 sky (2) 7 third 1 longitude (9) 88 Mississippi (2) 6 physiography 2 south (1) 3 thirty-one longitudinal 2 navigation 2 physiology 1 South America 2 degrees 1 magnet (1) 1 noon (1) 24 place 1 southern 1 time (2) 21 magnetic 1 north 3 point 1 space 1 transit 2 map (1) 26 North Pole 1 pole (1) 1 sphere 4 tropic 2 measure 2 observation (1) 1 post 1 standard 2 tropics 1 measurement (1) 2 observatory 1 prime (1) 7 star 3 universe 1 medium 1 one hundred sailing 1 state 1 voyage 1 Meredith 1 eightieth 1 Samoa 1 strait 2 Washington 3 Meriden 2 parallel (7) 52 sea 1 straits 1 watch 1 meridian 1 parallels 1 seventy (1) 1 street 1 world 6 Mercator 1 Paris 1 seventy-fifth 1 sun (3) 23 zenith (2) 9 merit 1 park (1) 1 sextant 1 surface 1 zero 1 midday (1) 3 perpendicular 1 shadow 1 surveying (1) 2 0 55 - CHLOROPHYLL. Individuality Frequency, 59. Failure Frequency, 33. acid (1) 2 chloral 1 gas 3 liquid 2 science 3 aesthetic 1 chloride 1 grain 1 L. 1 scientific 1 alcohol 3 chlorine 2 grains 1 magnesium 1 shell 1 algae (1) 3 chloroblast 3 granule (1) 3 medicine 13 sleep 3 algebra 1 chloroblasts 1 granules 4 microscope 1 smell 1 amoeba 1 chloroform (5) 121 grass 4 milky 1 solution 2 anaesthesia 1 chlorogue 1 green (36) 261 name 1 spongy 1 anaesthetic 2 chlorosis 1 green grass 1 odor 2 stain 1 antiseptic 1 color (3) 58 green leaves 2 part 1 stamen 1 apothecary 1 coloring 12 greenness 2 photosynthesis 2 starch 6 biology 12 composition (1) 1 habit 1 (1) structure 1 blankness 1 disinfectant 1 haemoglobin (1) 2 physician 1 substance 1 bodies 3 disinfected 1 hospital 1 physics 1 sun (1) 2 body (1) 7 doctor 2 interesting 1 physiology 2 sunlight (1) 6 botanical 1 drug 4 juice 1 pigment (1) 2 teacher 1 botany (3) 42 ether 2 laboratory 1 plant (12) 76 term 1 cell 1 fiber 1 leaf (11) 61 plants (5) 36 tree 1 cells 1 flower (4) 42 leaves (7) 26 Poe 1 trees 1 cellulose 1 flowers 7 life 1 poison 1 tube 1 chemical 7 fluorescence 1 light (1) 2 pollen 1 W. (1) 3 chemicals 1 food 1 lily 1 protoplasm 2 Xanthophyl 1 chemistry (2) 40 function 1 liniment 1 refraction 1 k6. TETRAHEDRON. Individuality Frequency, 74. Failure Frequency, 22. algebra 2 decagon 1 hectahedron 1 pasteboard 2 solid (6) 53 angle 8 decahedron 2 helio 1 pentagon (1) 2 solid geometry 6 angles 2 diagram 4 hexagon 7 pentagonal (1) 1 solids 1 animal 3 diamond (1) 1 hexahedron (1) 4 pentahedron 1 space 1 archaeology 1 dodecahedron (1)3 hexameter 1 plane 1 square (2) 14 arithmetic 3 drawing 2 hydra 1 plant 1 stereochemistry 2 arithmetical 1 edge 1 hydrometer 1 polygon (1) 21 structure 2 article 1 eight (1) 4 hypothesis 1 polyhedron (3) 15 sulphur 1 astronomy 1 evening 1 icosahedron (1) 7 prism 4 surface 2 B. 1 figure (S) 106 instrument 1 puzzle 1 technology 1 beechnut 1 fine 2 irregular 2 pyramid (2) 11 ten 1 biology 1 five 4 isomerism (1) 2 quadrahedron 2 tetahexahedron 1 blackboard 1 flower 1 isosceles (1) 8 quadrilaetral 1 tetanus 2 block (2) 11 force 1 jelley fish 1 quadruped 1 tetragonal 1 body 3 form (5) 25 L. 1 rectangle (1) 2 tetrahedral 1 box (2) 4 four (7) 55 M. 1 red 1 tetrameter 2 carbohydrate (1) 2 four-side 1 many 1 rhombohedron 1 tetrapod 1 carbohydrates 1 four-sided (1) 7 many sided 1 rhomboid 3 Tetrazzini 5 carbon (3) 8 geography 1 mathematics (1) 32 rock 1 text book (1) 2 chemistry (2) 5 geology 2 measure 1 Sanhedrin 1 three 9 circle (1) 1 geometric 5 metric 1 school 1 titron 1 classroom 1 geometrical (1) 6 mineralogy 3 science 2 tobacco 1 complexity 1 geometrical model 2 seven 2 triangle (3) 25 cone 1 figure 3 nucleus 1 sextrahedron 1 trigonometry 12 coordinate 2 geometric figure > 1 object 3 shape (4) 18 (1) crystal (9) 28 geometry (14) 249 octagon 2 sides (1) 4 trihedral 1 crystallography 8 Greek 3 octahedron (1) 12 singer 1 virtues 1 (3) G. (1) 1 ox 1 six (1) 3 volume 2 crystals (3) 6 group (1) 1 oxyhedron 1 six-sided 1 water 1 cube (1) 8 head 1 parallelogram 2 size 2 worm 1 cylinder 1 heat 1 parallelopiped 2 42 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 57 . MADAGASCAR. Individuality Frequency, 101. Failure Frequency, 1. Africa (18) 143 continent 1 island (44) 361 nation i southern l Alaska 1 country (4) 26 ivory 1 native 3 Spain (1) 21 alligator 1 Cuba 1 Jaffa 1 natives 1 spices 1 America 1 dark 1 Japan 1 negro 9 sporotrichosis 1 ape 1 discoverer 1 Jerusalem 3 negroes 2 state 2 Asia 1 dodo (1) 1 king (1) 1 niggers 1 strait (3) 59 Australia 4 dummy 1 Labrador 1 ocean 1 straits (2) 37 automobile 1 eastern 1 land 10 oranges 1 sword 1 awk 1 England (1) 2 lascar 2 orient 2 Tamerlane 1 aye-aye 1 English 1 lemur (1) 1 peninsula (1) 10 Tananarivo 1 Balboa 1 entomology 1 lemurs 1 people 1 Tasmania 1 bay 18 Europe 1 madrigal 1 picture 1 Tierra del Bernadotte 1 exploration 2 Magellan 5 place 5 Fuego 1 black 1 explorer 2 maid 1 Portugal 2 town 1 blacks 1 flora 1 Maine 1 province 1 travel (1) 2 Borneo 2 foreign 2 Malay 3 queen 1 troiss Britain 1 F. (1) 1 man 1 races 1 gudheen 1 British 1 France (2) 15 Mandalay 1 Ravalona (1) 1 tropics 1 cannibal 1 Freiligrath 1 map (2) 15 region 1 Turkey 1 cannibals 1 French (3) 17 matting 1 remote 1 W. 1 cape 8 geography (5) 61 Mauritius 2 round island 1 W. 1 Ceylon 1 Gibraltar 1 metaphysics 1 savages 2 war 1 channel 1 globe 1 mission 1 Saint Pierre 1 water 5 charades 1 grapes 1 missionary 2 scramble (1) 1 wine 2 Chili 1 Greenland 1 moa 1 sea 4 woolly Indians 1 city 5 heathen 2 monkey 2 Senegambia 1 word (1) 1 cloth 1 Helgoland (1) 1 Moor 1 Slocum 1 yellow 1 coast 1 history 2 Morocco 1 south 2 Zanzibar (1) 3 colonization 1 Hova (1) 1 Mozambique (2) 2 South Africa (1) 2 zoography 1 colony 1 India 1 Napoleon 1 South America 4 Zulu 1 colored 2 ■ - •! •;-j i 58. COROLLA. Individuality Frequency ', 104 . Failure Frequency, ( 3 ) 75 . ambition 1 C. 1 fringe (1) 1 Newton (1) 1 sea 2 analogy 1 coral (1) 37 gem 1 ocean (1) 1 seed (1) 1 ancient history 1 corals 6 geological 1 painter 1 sepal (1) 3 animal 3 Corelli 1 geometry 9 painting 1 sepals 1 aster 1 cornea 1 gorilla 1 pansy 1 shape 1 astronomical 1 corollary (1) 37 grammar 1 part 1 similar 1 astronomy 6 corona ( 4 ) 21 guerilla 1 penumbra 1 snake 2 aurora borealis 1 coronen 1 halo 1 perianth (2) 4 Sorella 1 (1) corral 2 head 1 petal (6) 26 sound 1 beauty 1 correlate 1 hypothesis 1 petals 17 Spain 2 bee (1) 1 correlative 2 infer 1 petiole 1 Spanish 1 biology 3 correspond 1 insect 0) 2 physiology 1 spermifites (1) 1 blossom 2 covering 1 island 3 pink 1 spiked 1 boat 1 crown (2) 21 Koran (1) 1 pistil (1) 10 stamen (1) 7 body 2 crowned 1 Latin 1 pistils 1 stamens (1) 6 bone (1) 1 cruller (1) 2 light 3 plant (8) 47 star 4 borealis 2 crullers 1 lily 3 plantago 1 stem 1 botanical (1) 2 cup-shaped 1 logic 1 plants (1) 5 stone 1 botany (3) 54 curve 1 L. 1 pollen (2) 8 sun ( 4 ) 25 calyx (6) 41 daisy 2 L. 1 Porto Rico 1 supplement 1 carol 1 derivation 1 marble 1 principle 1 teacher 1 C. 1 diagram 1 M. 1 pronounciation 1 technical 1 cerebellum 1 disease 1 mathematics 2 (1) theorum 3 cheese 1 dogwood 1 Mexican 1 queer 1 together 1 chlorophyll 1 enclosure 1 moon (1) 4 red (1) 2 tooth-paste 1 chorea 1 envelope 1 morning glory 2 reef 1 triangle 1 circle 5 Esse 1 morphology (1) 1 resulting 1 truth 1 cobra 1 eye 8 moth 1 ring 3 white 2 collar (1) 5 fish 1 Naples 1 rocks 1 word 1 color 6 flower ( 34 ) ; 330 narcissus 1 R. 1 yellow 1 comma 1 flowers (1) 13 neck 3 science 1 zoology 1 copula 1 following 1 nerve 0) 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 43 59 . VENTRAL. Individuality Frequency, 102. Failure Frequency, (3) IS. abdomen (1) 8 column 1 heart ( 5 ) : 124 outside 1 top 2 abdominal 5 come 1 hernia 4 pericardium 1 towards me 1 aboral 1 cord (1) 1 hole 1 peripheral (1) 1 tribobate 1 above 1 crayfish 1 hollow 1 peritoneum 1 tube alimentary 1 cut 1 human 1 physical 1 tubercular 1 anatomy (1) 12 deep 1 hydroxygen 1 physiology 30 under (1) 21 animal (1) 9 diaphragm 1 internal 1 picture (1) 1 underneath (1) 4 anterior (1) 4 dictionary 1 intestinal 1 pin 1 under side 1 aorta 1 digestion 1 intestines 2 position 4 upper 1 apex 1 door 3 island 1 posterior 6 valve (2) 6 artery 1 dorsal ( 34 ) 201 lateral 4 process 1 vein 6 aspect (1) 2 down (1) 2 leaf (1) 1 psychology 1 veins 1 atrocities 1 ear 1 leaves 2 rear 1 Venezuela 1 aural 1 earthworm 1 left 11 region 1 vent 3 auricle (1) 11 electrocardiogram 1 lobe 1 right 6 ventil 1 back (2) 21 entrance 2 lobular 1 right 6 ventilate 1 being 1 exit 3 low 1 segment (1) 7 ventilation (1) 2 belly (7) 21 eye 1 lower ( 3 ) 16 segmentation 1 ventnor 1 below (1) 6 face 1 lungs 2 segments 1 ventres 1 beneath 1 facial 1 Marchantia 1 side ( 4 ) 29 ventricle m 10 B. 1 fan 1 median 2 sides 2 ventriloquism 4 biology (1) 7 fin 5 medical 1 sinistral (1) 1 ventriloquist (1)20 blood 3 fish 3 morphology 1 space 1 ventnmeter 1 body (2) 18 fixation 1 mouth 1 spinal 2 ventrix 1 botany 1 fiat 1 nerve 3 spine (1) 1 vertebrate 1 bottom 2 floor 1 nervous 1 sternal 1 vitriol 1 bowel 1 forward 1 nose 1 stomach (8) 66 voice 2 brain 8 frog 3 occipital 1 superior 1 vortex 1 bursting 1 front ( 3 ) 35 open 1 surface (1) 9 west 1 canal 2 fur 1 opening CD 28 surgery 1 wind 23 cavity (1) 5 gap 1 oral 1 suspension 2 window 3 cell 1 gastropods (1) 1 organ 4 system 3 zoological 1 centre 1 hadrome 1 orifice (1) 2 teacher 1 zoology 4 central (1) 2 half 1 outlet 1 throat 2 60. BELGIUM. Individuality Frequency, 84. Failure Frequency, 1. accident 1 country (9) 92 history 1 Mons 1 soldier 5 Albert (2) 10 crime 1 Holland ( 16 ) : LOO murder 1 soldiers 2 allies (1) 1 cruelty 1 homeless 1 Napoleon 1 Spain 12 anguish 1 destroyed 1 horror (2) 5 nation 4 starvation 1 Antwerp 7 destruction 4 horrors (1) 3 Netherlands 5 state (2) 9 army (1) 1 devastation 1 hunger 1 neutral 2 strike 2 atrocities 5 disaster 1 hungry 1 neutrality 7 suffer 1 atrocity 4 dog (1) 1 invasion 1 oppression 2 sufferers 2 Austria 1 Dutch 2 island 2 outrage (1) 1 suffering (1) 15 bank 1 England 3 Italy 1 painting 1 sufferings 1 battle (1) 3 Europe (5) 51 Kaiser 5 peace 1 Swede 1 battles 1 European 1 king 5 people 5 Switzerland 1 Belgae 1 famine 1 King Albert 2 pillage 1 tragedy 1 Belgian 3 Flanders 1 knitting (1) 3 plain 1 treaty 2 bellicose 1 foreign 1 lace 1 politics 1 troops 1 black 1 France (1) 29 land (2) 7 poor 3 trouble 2 brave 2 Francois 1 lavender 1 Portugal 1 Turkey 1 bravery 3 French 2 Leopold (2) 20 present war 1 uniforms (1) 1 bravest 1 Gaul 1 Liege (1) 8 Prussian (1) 1 university (1) 1 Brussels (10) 33 Gembloux 1 location (1) 1 queen 1 valor 1 Caesar 1 geography (2) 10 Louvain 9 refugee (1) 6 violation 1 calamity 1 German (1) 6 low (1) 1 refugees (1) 1 Wales 1 canals 1 Germans (1) 7 Maeterlinck ' 1 relief 13 war (20) 286 Cerfontaine 1 Germany (3) 53 map (1) 13 rubber 1 warfare 1 Chamisso (1) 1 glass 1 massacre 1 small 1 Waterloo (1) 5 city (1) 1 government 2 minds 1 smallness 1 W. (1) 1 Congo 3 hare (1) 6 misery 2 smashed 1 Wilhelm 1 contribution 1 hares 1 misfortune 1 socks 1 woe 1 cooperation 1 hell 2 44 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 61. TANGENT. Individuality Frequency, 74. Failure Frequency, 0. across 1 curve (3) 16 going off 1 plain 1 straight 5 adjacent 2 derivative 1 go off on (1) 1 procession 1 stretching (1) 1 adjoining 1 deviation 2 hanging 1 projection 1 surveying 1 aeroplane 1 diagram (1) 2 Heidelberg 1 queer (1) 1 tangential 4 against 1 different 2 hypothenuse 1 radial (2) 2 tangerine 1 anger 2 differential 1 idiosyncracy 1 radiating 1 tango 2 angle (3) 17 divergence 1 joining 1 radius 5 tantrum 2 angles 1 drawing 1 junction 1 railroad 1 T. 1 arc (1) 1 drunk 1 life 1 railroads 1 temper 2 at 1 Emma 1 line (9) 110 ratio (1) 1 tetrahedron 1 away 2 even 1 lines 1 rays (1) 1 text-book 1 bicycle 1 falling 1 mathematics (3) 21 relation (1) 1 time 1 branching 1 figure 4 mistake 1 right angle 1 to 1 chord 1 figures 1 movement 1 secant (ID 81 touch (1) 12 circle (22) : 249 flag 1 near 1 section 2 touching (1) 20 circles 1 flying 4 nearness 1 show 1 tracing 1 circumference 4 flying off 1 next 1 side 7 triangle (1) 8 (1) force 1 oblique 2 sine (5) 22 trigonometry (8) 76 close 2 function (1) 2 of a circle 1 slant 3 unite 1 comet 1 galvanometer 2 off 6 sling 1 vicinity 1 contact 1 geometrical 1 offshoot 2 sphere 2 V. 1 cosecant (2) 14 geometry (6) 107 opposite 1 steel 1 wheel 2 cosine (3) 9 G. 1 physics 2 stick 1 wild 1 cotangent GO) 84 going 1 picture 1 62. DORSAL. Individuality Frequency, 62. Failure Frequency, (1) 10 . abdominal 1 direction 1 left 2 physiological 1 stomach 1 above (1) 5 docile 3 lower 1 physiology 19 straight 1 anatomy (2) 11 door 2 lumbar 1 position (1) 4 surface (1) 3 animal (1) 4 door-sill (1) 2 lung 1 posterior (1) 7 tail 1 anterior 3 door-step 1 lungs 1 psychology 2 teacher 1 architect 1 D. 2 man 1 quiet 4 thin 1 aspect (1) 4 D. 1 manikin (1) 1 radial 1 top 7 back ( 24 ) ; 270 D. 1 medicine 1 rear 3 under 3 backbone (2) 7 entrance 1 meek 1 right 2 up (1) 1 behind 1 fin (8) 103 membrane 2 science 2 upper ( 3 ) 21 below 1 fins 3 metatarsal 1 section 1 upper side 1 biology (1) 6 fish 21 mind 1 shark (1) 5 valve (1) 1 body 6 flesh 1 motion 1 sharks (1) 1 vein 3 bone 9 foot 1 muscle 3 side ( 3 ) 17 ventral ( 34 ) ; 243 bones 1 frog 2 nerve (1) 3 skull 1 vertebra (1) 17 botany 1 front 6 nerves 1 sleep 1 vertebrae (2) 29 brain 2 frontal 2 nose 1 slit 1 vertebrate 9 breathing 1 geology 1 opening 1 snake 1 vertebrates 1 canal 1 grasshopper 2 opposite (1) 1 soft 1 waist 1 cavity 4 head 2 paleontology 1 spinal 5 whale 6 charts 1 heart (1) 6 part 1 spinal cord 1 worm 1 column (1) 3 horseback (1) 1 peace 1 spine 12 zoology 3 cord (1) 1 jamb 1 physical 2 spiny 1 curve 1 leaf (1) 1 advertisement 1 amorphous (1) 63. COLLOID. Individuality Frequency, 168. Failure Frequency, (1) 141. 2 bone 12 celloidin 1 cholera 1 albumen (3) 9 analysis 1 bones 1 celluline (1) 1 chromogen 1 albuminoid (1) 1 anatomy 4 botany 1 celluloid 66 circle 1 albuminous 1 arrow 1 c. 1 cellulose 1 circus 1 alcohol 2 artery 1 calor 1 cement 1 class 1 alloid 2 asteroid 1 calyx 1 chemical 13 clouded 1 alloy 1 balloon 1 carbohydrate 1 chemistry (12) 132 coagulate 2 aluminum biology (1) 8 carload 1 chloral 1 coagulation 2 hydrate 1 blood (1) 2 casein (1) 1 chlorophyll 1 coal oil 1 amoeba (1) 1 body 4 cell (1) 8 chocolate 1 coat 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 45 Coliseum 1 diffusion (1) 1 isinglass 1 parchment 1 spheroid 1 collar 29 drug 2 isocolloid 1 particle (1) 3 spiral 1 collar bone 1 drugs 1 jelly (9) 28 particles (1) 1 starch (1) 7 collate 1 dynamite 1 jelly-like 1 pasty (1) 1 state (1) 1 collateral 1 egg 5 joke 1 pen 1 sticky 5 colleague 1 egg-white 1 K. 1 penetrable 1 stiff 1 collection 1 electrolyte 1 Kipling 1 physics 2 stiffness 1 college 2 enzyme 1 L. 1 physiology 10 structure 1 collide 4 ether 1 large 1 pigment 1 study 1 collision 1 eye 1 lipoid 1 plant 2 substance (3) 22 collodic 1 fat 2 lipoids 1 plate 1 sugar 1 collodion 4 ferric hydroxide 1 liquid 5 precipitate 6 surface tensmn 1 collodium (1) 7 film 1 L. 1 precipitation 2 CD colloidal 2 filter 1 L. (1) 1 preparation 1 suspension 6 collop 1 F. 1 mass 2 process 3 suspensions (1) 1 collusion 1 fluid (1) 1 mastoid 1 proteid 3 system (1) 1 colon 1 food 1 material 3 protein (1) 3 tabloid 1 color (1) 8 form 3 matter 1 protoplasm (3) 9 talcum 1 columbine 1 gel 2 medical 2 purification 1 tar 1 column 8 gelatin (3) 8 medicine 5 rhomboid 1 teacher 1 columnar 1 gelatinous 5 member 1 science 5 telelology ( U) 1 combination 1 geology 1 membrane (1) 8 scientific 1 term 1 compound 3 geometry 2 metal 2 scollop 1 thick (1) 11 condition 2 glue (3) : 11 milk (1) 2 semi-permeable throat 1 conjunction 1 glue-like 1 mineral 1 membrane 1 thyroid (1) 4 cool 1 gluey (1) 1 mixture (1) 6 sewage 6 thyroid gland 1 copper 1 goitre 1 molasses 1 shape 1 tissue 4 coral 1 gold (1) 8 molecule 2 shapeless 1 together 2 covering 1 G. (1) 3 motion (1) 1 silica 2 translucent 1 crown 1 Greek 1 mucilage 1 silver 1 tumor 1 crystal (2) 5 green (1) 1 mucoid 1 skin 1 turbidity (1) 1 crystalline (1) 3 gum (1) 2 mucus 1 sky 1 turning 1 crystallization 1 hand 1 muscle 1 small (1) 2 uncrystalline 1 crystallize 1 hanging 1 neck 5 smoke 1 unfilterable 1 crystalloid (10) 38 hard 2 nerve (1) 1 society 1 unmixable 1 cylinder 1 haziness 1 non-diffusible 1 soft 2 viscous (1) 2, dense 1 heat 3 nothing 2 soil 1 water 1 derivation 1 human body 1 oil 1 sol 1 weed 1 derivative 1 immunity 1 osmosis (2) 4 solid 3 wood 1 dialysis 1 impenetrable (1) 1 O. 6 solution (9) 34 word 1 dictionary 1 insoluble 3 palladium 1 spelling 1 zoology $ dietetics 1 iron 2 64. EQUATOR. Individuality Frequency, 77 . Failure Frequency, , 0. Africa (1) 4 crossing 3 hair 1 medium 1 side 1 Amazon 3 Cuba 2 half 2 Mercator 1 south 14 Ancient Mariner 1 curve 2 heat (1) 52 meridian (8) 64 South America 13 antipodes 1 declination (1) 1 hemisphere (1) 4 Mexico 3 southern 1 apple 1 depression (1) 1 horizontal 1 middle (1) 17 sphere l astronomy 1 diameter 3 hot (8) 65 middle line 1 spheroid 1 axis (1) 1 distance 2 imaginary 6 midway 2 story 1 band 1 divides 1 imaginary line 2 Neptune 1 substantive 1 basal 1 dividing 2 (U north 1 sun (1) 14 belt (1) 6 doldrums 2 imagination 1 North Pole 4 Tahiti 1 black (1) 1 ducking 1 island 1 Panama 7 temperate (1) 1 Borneo 1 earth (15) 160 isthmus 1 parallel 0) 9 torrid (2) 12 Brazil (1) 10 Ecuador (2) 7 Java (1) 1 Peary 1 torrid zone 1 cacti 1 Egypt 1 jungle 1 Peru 1 tropic (1) 9 camel 1 encircle 1 Kipling 1 picture 1 tropical 1 Capricorn 4 equal 6 land 1 place 2 tropics (4) 18 Carribbean 2 equalizing (1) 1 latitude 6 pole (4) 27 Twain 1 center (2) 24 equation 1 line (11) 147 poles 5 vernal 1 central (1) 8 equator 1 localities 1 position 1 vessel 1 ceremony 1 equinox (1) 5 longitude 1 Quito 2 voyage 1 Chili 2 friend 1 luxuriant (1) 1 quotation 1 warm 5 circle (9) 32 geographical 1 Magellan 1 race 1 warmth 1 circular 1 geography (5) 55 Malay 1 Roosevelt 1 world (1) 15 circumference (1) 2 girdle 1 map 11 round 7 zodiac Clemens 1 globe ( 4 ) 26 Mark Twain (2) 4 running 1 zone 5 climate 1 goal 1 mathematical (1) i 1 seed 1 zones l cold (1) 1 4 6 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 65. JUDICIARY. Individuality Frequency, 80. Failure Frequency, 1. act 1 courtroom (1) 3 Judas 1 M. 3 Roosevelt (1) 6 action 1 courts (6) 35 judge (25) 271 Massachusetts 1 senate 1 administration 2 crime (1) 2 judges (3) 41 Me. 1 settlement (1) 1 .(1) C. 1 judging 3 men 1 state 1 administrative 1 decision 1 judgment (2) 11 midnight 1 supreme (1) 6 appointment 1 decisions (1) 3 judicate 1 military 1 supreme court 6 authority 1 department 7 j udiffial (1) 5 municipal 1 (3) awe 1 dignity 2 judicious (1) 2 Napoleon 1 systems 1 bad 1 election (1) 1 jury (1) 2 national 2 T. (1) 7 balance 1 English 1 just 1 nominations 1 terminology 1 bench (1) ] L 7 equity 3 justice (2) 26 nominators (1) 1 T. 1 beneficiary 2 executive (1) 23 law (8) 129 office (1) 3 thief 1 body 9 false 1 laws (1) 4 peace 1 think 1 boy 1 federal (2) 9 lawyer 4 P. 1 trial (2) 3 B. 1 force 1 lawyers 1 police (1) 1 trials 1 B. 1 form 1 legal (3) 13 politics 3 tribunal 2 circuit 1 function (2) 7 lega lsystem 1 power 2 unbiased 1 civics 4 government (5) 40 legislation 1 powers 3 usurpation 1 civil 1 governor 1 legislative (3) 15 proceedings 1 voting 1 civil government 1 graft 2 legislature (1) 8 progressive 1 war 1 commission 1 grave (1) 1 level 1 punishment 1 Washington 2 committee (1) 5 G. 1 L. 1 recall (2) 8 W. 2 congress 1 hair 1 L. 1 referendum 2 W. 1 conservative 1 history 1 lynch (1) 1 reform (1) 4 wig 1 constitution 1 H. 2 magistrate 2 right 1 wigs 1 contrast 1 Japan 1 man 1 rightness 1 wise 1 court (9) 142 joke 1 management 1 robe 1 66. SYNTHESIS. Individuality Frequency, 123. Failure Frequency, 14. action 1 chemotherapy 1 food 1 mixing 1 science 4 addition (2) 4 chlorophyll 1 foot (1) 1 molasses 1 . sentence 9 adverb 1 coal tar 1 form 1 Oneness 1 separate 2 agreement 1 coherence 2 formation (1) 5 opposite 2 separation 4 alcohol 1 cohesion 3 fusion (1) 1 opposition 2 similarity 1 algebra 3 collection 4 gathering 3 organic 7 skull 1 alike 1 combination (5) 30 gems (1) 1 organic chemistry 1 snarl 1 anabolism 1 combine 1 glycocoll 1 organization 2 spelling 1 analogy 1 combining (1) 6 grammar (1) 44 outline 1 Spencer 1 analysis (38) 308 comparison 2 Greek 2 parenthesis 1 starch (1) 1 analytics 1 complex (1) 2 group 1 part 1 substance (1) 1 analyze (1) 2 compose 1 grouping 2 philosophy 4 substances 1 analine 1 composition (1) 4 harmony 2 photo 2 substitution 1 an thesis 2 compound 5 heat 1 photosynthesis 9 sun 1 antithesis 28 compounding 1 hoe 1 (1) symmetry 2 argument 2 compounds (1) 1 hypothesis 1 physics 1 sympathy 1 arrangement 2 conclusion 1 integration 1 picture 1 synchronistic 1 assemble 2 connection 2 intellectual 1 plant (1) 2 syncopate 1 assembling 2 connections 1 j oin 1 plants 1 synopsis 1 association , 1 construct 1 joining 6 preparation 2 syntax (2) 24 ball 1 construction 12 Kant 1 process (1) 5 synthetic 8 Bible 1 (1) katabolism 1 production 1 system 1 biology '2 contact 1 laboratory (1) 1 proteins 3 tearing 1 blending 1 coordination 1 language 1 psychology 4 text-book 1 bone 1 creature 1 Latin 1 psychosis 1 thesis 1 bones -J 1 C. \ 1 life 1 pubes 2 think 1 botany 2 decomposition 2 light 4 put 1 thought 1 break 1 development 1 likeness 5 putting 3 titration 1 breaking 1 dialysis (1) 3 line 1 putting together (7) 55 build 9 diathesis (1) 3 literature 2 together (1) 14 union (2) 13 building (2) 20 dictionary 2 logic 12 put together 3 unite 1 building up 4 digestion 1 make 5 reaction (1) 5 uniting 1 carbohydrates 1 disintegration 1 making (1) 4 reasoning 1 upward 1 carbons 1 division 5 manufacture 3 reconstruction 1 urea 2 catabolism 1 dovetailing 1 material 1 relate 1 vanilla 1 cell 1 elaboration 1 mathematics 1 relation l vital 1 chemical (3) 6 elements (1) 1 M. 1 result 1 W. 1 chemical English 4 medicine 1 rhetoric (1) 3 water 3 operation (1) 1 ether 1 metabolism (1) 5 rubber 2 whole 4 chemicals 2 ethylene 1 metathesis 1 rule 1 words 1 chemist 1 examination 1 method 5 sacrum 1 Wurz method 1 chemistry (12) 57 F. 1 mind 1 same 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 47 67. ATHENS. Individuality Frequency, 56. Failure Frequency, 0. acropolis (1) 22 classic 1 Greece (72) 651 pacific (1) 1 Solon (1) 1 ancient 2 classical 2 Greek 23 palace 1 south 1 ancient city 1 columns 1 Greeks 3 Parthenon (1) 21 Spain 1 architecture 2 country 2 Herodotus 1 Paul 6 Sparta (3) 25 Areopagus 1 culture (1) 10 hill 3 peninsula 2 state 2 Aristotle 1 Diana 1 historical 1 Pericles (1) 13 statuary (1) 1 art 8 dirt 1 history (1) 12 Phidias 1 statutes 1 Athena 1 Doric 1 Homer 1 place 2 study 1 atoms 1 Europe 2 Horns 1 Plato 1 symmetry 1 beauty 2 eye 1 Iowa 1 poetry 1 temple 3 book 1 fall 1 learning 1 Prophylaea 1 Texas 1 building 1 games 1 maid 1 Pyrrhus 2 town 3 bust 1 general 1 Mannott 1 R. 1 university 1 Byron 1 geography (2) 3 Minerva 1 Rome (3) 38 Venice 1 candle 1 Georgia 4 Naples (1) 1 ruin 1 Venizelos 1 capital 3 glory 3 nation 1 ruins 3 war (1) 1 Carthage 1 government 2 Ohio 4 Salamis 1 warrior 1 city (6) 55 grandeur 1 owls (1) 1 sculpture 5 white 1 civilization (1) 1 68. EPITHELIUM. Individuality Frequency, 110. Failure Frequency, (2) 84. above 1 chitin (1) 1 episode 1 literature 1 protozoon 1 after 2 cilia (1) 2 epithalamium 9 low 1 psychology 3 aerainst 1 ciliated 1 epithallium 1 marriage 2 Pygmalion 0 1 amohitheater 1 columnar 3 epithelioma 1 mathematics 1 Rome 2 anatomy 4 connective epitherium 1 medicine 2 scales (1) 1 ancient 4 tissue (1) 1 epithet (1) 8 membrane (2) 5 science 4 animal (1) 2 construction 1 epizootic 1 mesoderm 1 scutum 1 architecture 2 corium 2 E. 1 mesothelium (1) 2 sheet 1 art 2 cover (1) 3 erechtreum 1 metal 1 skin (50) 431 Asia Minor 1 covering (2) 12 eye (1) 2 Milton 1 skull 1 astronomy 4 cuticle 1 fin 1 morphology 1 small-pox 1 Athens (1) 3 cutis 1 finger nails 1 mortation 1 smell 1 bark 1 dermis (1) 2 flesh 1 mouth (1) 5 solar 1 battle 1 dictionary 1 flower (1) f mucosa (1) 1 Spencer 5 B. 1 down 1 fly 1 mucous 1 squamous 1 bed 1 duodenum 2 frog (1) 1 negro 1 stomach 1 biological 1 ear 2 gland 1 nose 1 submucous 1 biology (1) 7 earthworm 1 Greece 11 olfactory 1 substance 1 biozoological I ellipse 1 Greek 24 on 1 sun 2 blank 1 emporium 1 hair 1 outer (2) 3 superficial 1 blood 1 endoderm (1) 1 hall 1 outside 8 surface 12 body 8 endothelium 5 hallway 1 palate 1 teacher 1 bone 2 ephesis 1 hand 1 paracentral (1) 1 temple 2 botany 5 epic 2 heat 1 pavement 1 theater (1) 1 brain 5 epicanthus 1 histology 6 perihelion 1 Thebes 1 bronchial 1 epicurean 3 hymn 1 perimeter 1 theory 1 calyx 1 epidermis (1) 17 interior 1 physiology (1) 19 tissue (5) 37 cancer 3 epidural 1 intestine 1 pithy 1 tongue 1 carcinoma 1 epigastrium 1 Latin 3 place 1 top 1 cell (8) 34 epigram 1 layer 3 plant 1 trachae 1 cells (7) 28 epigrammatic 1 leaf 2 poetry 2 trillium 1 cell-tissue 1 epilepsy 2 light 1 problem 1 upon 3 cellular 1 Epimetheus 1 lining 10 protection (1) 2 W. 1 ceremony 1 epiphilial 1 lip 1 prothallium 1 zoology 3 chemistry 3 69. FEUDALISM. Individuality Frequency, 113. Failure Frequency, 2. abolish 1 ancient (1) 15 aristocracy 2 barbarism 10 capitalism (1) 2 absolutism 1 ancient history 1 armament (1) 1 barbarity 1 caste 1 A. 2 (1) armor 7 baron (8) 40 castle (5) 39 ages 3 ancient laws 1 attempt 1 barons (4) 25 castles (1) 6 agrarian 1 antique 1 autocracy 1 beneficient 1 cavalier 1 anarchism 1 antiquity 1 barbarians (1) 1 bloodshed 1 Central Europe 1 anarchy 2 arbitrary (1) 1 barbaric 1 bosses 1 chains 1 48 A. /. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF Charlemagne 2 force 1 lord (2) 29 patron l social (D 1 C. 1 France 15 lords (4) 27 pauperism l socialism 1 chivalry (5) 39 futile 1 love 1 peace l society 4 church 2 Gaul 1 man 1 people 2 south 1 condition 3 German 2 manor 6 period 1 Spain 2 country 1 Germany (D 16 master 1 politeness 1 Sparta (D 2 Crecy 1 government (3) 23 mediaeval (4) 78 politics 1 state 4 creed 1 Guizot 1 mediaevalism 12 poverty 1 strife 7 Cromwell 1 gun 1 men 1 power 3 stupidity 1 crusade (l) 1 history ( 5 ) 70 Mexico 1 rebellion 1 swords 1 crusades 2 homage 1 middle ages (6) 46 regime 1 system (D 18 drak 3 injustice 1 military 1 religion 1 Tennessee 1 drak ages (i) 1 inquisition (1) 1 moat 2 Renaissance 3 tenure 1 democracy (2) 4 institution 1 monarchism (1) 1 republicanism 1 time 2 dependent 1 Ireland 1 monarchy (1) 5 Richard 1 tournaments 1 disturbance 1 Ivanhoe 1 monastician (1) 3 rifle 1 tribe (D 1 dues 1 Japan (D 4 monks 1 right 1 tyranny 2 dukes 1 John 1 nation 1 romance 2 tyrant 1 early 1 Kaiser 1 nobility 1 R. 1 tyrants 1 England (2) 51 Kentucky 1 noble (1) 2 Rome 1 vandal 1 English 3 king 2 Norman (1) 4 royalty 1 Vandalism 3 Europe (2) 24 King Arthur 2 Normans 1 rule 1 vassal 4 extinct 1 King Richard I ’ 1 nuisance 1 Russia 1 vassalage 1 farmer 1 kings 2 old 1 Scott 3 vassals 2 federalism 1 knight (4) 40 old English serf ( 3 ) 17 Venice 1 feud 1 knighthood (1) 10 history 1 serfdom 2 voting 1 feudal (l) 1 knights (4) 25 oligarchy 1 serfs (2) 9 walls 1 feuds 2 K. (D 1 oppression 4 servitude (D 1 war (D 27 few 1 land 5 pageantry 1 slave 4 wars 1 fief (2) 5 law CD 7 party (1) 1 slavery (3) 20 William the fight 3 light 1 past 1 slaves 3 Conqueror (l) i fights 3 70. COEFFICIENT. Individuality Frequency, 114. Failure Frequency, 11. a. 1 cypher 1 freshmen 1 numbers (D 9 small 1 absorption 1 decimal 1 friction (1) 13 numeral 2 small figure 1 accompanying 2 deficient 1 front 1 numerator 1 small number 1 action 1 degree 1 function (1) 1 of (D 1 square 2 adhesion (l) 1 denominator 1 geometry 13 one 1 statistics 1 algebra - (S) ] L47 differential (2) 3 gonorrhoea 1 partition 1 steel 1 algebraic 3 diffusion 1 grammar 4 Pearson (D 4 studying 1 analysis CD 1 digestibility 1 gravity 1 Pearson’s 1 sufficient 2 angle (D 3 digestion (D 2 heat 5 percentage 1 suffix 1 annex 1 digression 1 help 1 phenol (D 2 supplement 1 annual 1 disinfectants 1 hydraulics 1 physics (D 4 smbol (D 1 arithmetic 25 division 4 hyphen 1 place before 1 tangent (l) 15 before 4 divisor 2 hypothenuse 1 play 1 temperature 2 binomial 6 education 1 increase 1 polynomial (D 1 term (D 5 binomial efficiency 4 index (1) 10 power 7 tetrahedron 1 theorum 1 efficient (2) 13 inefficient 4 preceding 3 theorem 1 biometrics 1 elasticity 2 integer 2 prefix (D 3 thermal (D 1 brass 1 energy 3 isosceles 1 probability 1 thesis 1 business English 1 Latin 2 problem 1 three 2 administration 1 equal 14 letter 1 proportion 1 3.1416 (l) 1 calculations (D 1 equality 2 letters 1 psychology 2 together 1 calculus 2 equation (D 11 linear 3 quotient 1 triangle (D 1 coagulate 1 equivalent (D 1 literal 1 radical 5 trigonometry (1) 9 coequal 1 error 2 logarithm 1 ratio 1 two 6 college 1 evolution 1 mathematical 1 ration 1 united 1 company 1 example 1 mathematics (7) 76 refraction 6 unknown 1 comparison 2 expansion (16) 110 mechanics 1 relation (D 5 urinalysis 1 completion 1 exponent (7) 61 modification 2 relationship (D 1 value 1 conjunction 1 extemporaneous 1 modifying 1 respiration 1 variability (D 3 connection 1 extraction 1 multiple 1 respiratory 1 variation (2) 5 cooperation 1 factor 14 multiplicand 1 restitution 1 W. 1 cooperative 1 figure (4) 21 multiplication 3 result 2 whole (D 2 corallin 1 figures 4 multiplier (3) 8 root 2 with 1 corollary (D 1 figuring 1 multiply (1) 3 safety (l) 1 words 1 corporation 1 fire 1 n. 1 science 1 X 2 correlation (8) 44 formula (D 1 nine 1 sentence 1 X2 (D 1 correlative 2 fraction (2) 25 noun 2 sign 1 zero 1 cosine 2 fractions 2 number (9) 73 sine 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 49 71. PERENNIAL. Individuality Frequency, 112. Failure Frequency, 6. adjective 1 daily (1) 2 frequent 5 parents 1 skeleton 1 age 1 dandelion (1) 1 fruitage 1 parsnip 1 spring 7 ages 1 dawn 2 government 1 peas 2 stream 1 almanac 1 day 1 grateful 1 perennium (1) 1 study 1 always (7) 24 decennial 2 green (1) 3 perimeter 2 summer 1 anatomy 1 diurnal 1 growth 2 period, 1 sun 1 animal (1) 2 diurnally 1 habitual 1 periodic 1 temporal 1 annual (27) 208 early 1 hardy (1) 7 permanent 2 temporary 3 annually 2 edge 1 herb (2) 3 perpetual 7 thistle 1 annus 1 election 1 herbaceous 1 Petunia (1) 1 through 1 around 1 enduring 1 history 1 phlox 1 throughout 3 autumnal 1 ephemeral 1 Horace 1 plant (8) 45 throughout beauty 1 eternal (2) 10 immortal (1) 1 plants (4) 25 the year 1 beet 1 eternally 1 irrigation 1 poetry 1 time (3) 21 biennial (4) 35 eternity (1) 1 Kaiser 1 post-prandial 1 together 1 blight 1 eternity (1) 1 larkspur 1 prince 1 tree (2) 7 bloom 1 ever (1) 5 lasting (1) 10 prolonged (1) 1 trees (1) 3 botanical 1 ever-blooming (1) 1 Latin 2 pyrene 1 triennial 1 botany 13 evergreen 3 law 1 Pyrenees 1 tropics 1 brain 2 everlasting (1) 35 leaf 1 quadrennial 1 twice 1 brass 1 everywhere (1) 1 long 1 recurrent 1 two 1 calendar 1 every year 1 lord 1 recurring 5 two ears 1 ceaseless 1 exterior 1 many 2 regular 1 weather 1 cedar 1 father 2 mathematics 1 regularly 1 weeds 1 centenary 1 fir 1 momentary 1 religion 2 wig 1 centigenerian 1 flood 1 mountains 1 rhythmic 1 winter 2 century 1 floral 1 nerve 1 root (1) 1 word 1 coming again flower (2) 43 nocturnal 1 rose 1 world 1 and again 1 flowering 1 oak 1 round 1 year (2) 78 constant (2) 6 flowers (5) 28 often 4 safety 1 yearly ( 9 ) ! 144 continual 4 forestry 1 old 3 season (1) 4 years 13 continually 2 forerunner 1 once 1 seasonal 1 youth 4 continued (1) 1 forever (1) 25 parent 1 seasons 2 youthful 1 continuous 3 foxglove 1 parental 1 72. PLEBEIAN. Individuality Frequency, 121. Failure Frequency, 2. adjective 1 common (23) 243 ground 1 patrician (10) 100 scrub 1 ancient 1 commoners 1 hayseed 1 peasant 9 serf (1) 5 Annapolis (1) 1 common people 2 higher 1 pedestrian 1 servant 1 aristocracy (2) 19 commonplace 6 history 11 peon 1 servants 1 aristocrat (3) 39 condition 1 hobo 1 people (11) 84 Shakespeare 1 aristocratic (15) 57 countrified 1 hoi polloi 4 person (1) 3 simple (1) 2 aristocrats 1 country (1) 4 I. 1 Philistine 2 simplicity 1 army 2 countrymen 1 inhabitant 1 pilaster 1 Slav 1 assembly 1 crowd 1 Italians 1 plain 3 slave (1) 9 Athenian 1 custom 1 janiculum 1 pleb 2 slaves 1 Athens (1) 1 democracy 3 Julius Caesar 1 plebiscite (2) 3 snob 1 baker 1 democrat 1 laborer 2 plebs 3 socialism 3 barren (1) 1 democratic (1) 2 Latin 1 Plutarch 1 sociology (1) 2 Beacon Hill 1 description 1 L. 1 plutocrat 1 soldier 1 beggar 1 despicable (1) 1 lords 1 politician 1 sophomore 1 body 1 different 1 low (2) 23 poor (4) 27 Sparta 1 boorish 1 dirty 1 low caste 1 populace 1 S. 1 bourgeois 7 dynasty 1 low class 1 popular 2 star 1 bourgeoisie 1 East Side 1 lower 6 poverty 1 strong 1 boy 1 England 2 lower order 1 proletarian 1 toga 1 bromide 1 everybody 1 lowly 3 proletariat 8 tough 1 B. 1 farmer 6 man 8 public 2 tramp 1 B. 1 folk 1 manner 1 publican 1 tribe 2 butter 1 folks (1) 2 Marius (1) 1 ragged 1 tribunal 1 cadet 1 food 1 masses 4 refined 1 tribune 1 Caesar 1 fool 1 mathematics' 1 rich 2 uncouth 1 Caillaux 1 force (1) 1 medium 1 ritual 1 underling 1 caste 2 forest 1 men 1 Roman 15 very low 1 cheap 1 F ranee 2 Mexico 1 Roman history 2 vote 1 citified 1 freshman 1 middle 1 Roman law 1 vulgar (1) 11 citizen 9 fustian 1 mob (1) 6 Romans 2 walking 1 city 2 government (1) 1 Nero 1 Rome (4) 61 war 1 civilian 1 Gracchi (1) 2 negro (1) 1 rough 1 West Point 1 civitas (1) 1 Greece 9 noble (1) 5 royalty 1 woman (1) 1 class 6 Greek 3 ordinary (1) 7 S. 1 work 1 coarse 3 Greeks 1 past 1 sansculotte 1 workman (1) 2 college 1 50 A. J. R0SAN0FF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. R0SAN0FF 73. CATALYTIC. Individuality Frequencey, 168. Failure Frequency, 111. abnormal 1 cataleptic 43 dictionary 1 hard up 1 platinum (3) 19 abrupt 1 catalepton 1 dietetics 1 hasten 1 pleasant 1 acatalytic 3 catalogue (1) 3 disaster 3 hastening 1 Poe 1 accelerating (1) 1 catalysis (1) 12 disastrous 1 haziness 1 poetry 2 acceleration (1) 1 catalyzer 2 disease 3 heat 1 Popocatepetl 1 accident (2) 3 catapult 4 dissociation 1 help (1) 3 precipitate (1) 1 action (9) 39 cataract 1 dissolution 1 helper 1 precipitation (1) 1 activator 1 catastrophe 10 disturbing 1 helping 1 process (2) 11 activity 1 catatonic 4 divide (1) 1 Hindu 1 psychology (1) 1 aged 1 catechism 4 division 1 hydrolytic 1 rapid 1 agency 3 category 1 dog 1 hyperbola 1 reaction (5) 21 agent (5) 81 caterpillar (1) 1 down 7 hypnotic 1 reagent (1) 2 agents 1 cathode (1) 1 downfall 2 hypnotism (1) 2 reversal 1 aid 3 Catholic 3 downward 1 hysteria 1 rhetoric 1 anabolic 6 Catholicism 1 drugs 1 influence 2 Rome 1 anabolism 1 Catiline (1) 6 earthquake 4 insanity 1 ruin 1 anacatalytic 1 catnip 1 effect 2 ions (1) 2 science 5 analysis 4 cat-o-nine-tails 1 electric 3 kata- 1 scientific 1 analytic (13) 46 cattle 3 electrical 1 katabasis 1 shock 1 analytics 2 change 10 electricity (2) 8 kill 1 sleep 2 ancient 1 changing 2 energy 1 kitten 1 sleepy 1 apart 2 chaos 1 enzyme (7) 23 Latin 1 slow 1 apocalypse 1 chasm 2 enzymes 1 line 1 smash 1 assistance 1 chemical 7 epilepsy 3 L. (1) 1 solution 2 assisting 0) 2 chemical action 1 epileptic 9 magnesium 1 spasmodic 1 association 1 chemical process 2 epileptics 1 managese 2 speed (2) 5 atacatalytic 1 (1) episode 1 manganese spells 2 attraction 1 chemical reaction 1 evolution 1 dioxide 2 spirit 1 attractive 1 (1) explosion 2 M. 1 spontaneous 1 autocatalysis 1 chemistry (11) 62 eye 2 mathematics 1 stalagmites 1 awtul 1 chew 1 fall 2 medical term 1 starter (1) 1 biology 2 chlorophyll 1 falling 2 medicine 1 state (1) 5 body 1 church 1 falling down 1 metabolic (1) 3 stiff 1 brain 1 collection 1 falls 1 metabolism 2 still 1 break 0) 3 compact 1 ferment 3 militance 1 stimulation 1 breakdown (1) 1 condition of ferments 1 negative 1 stimulus 1 breaking 4 the earth 1 filter (1) 1 nonsense (1) 1 stirring 1 breaking up 1 connected 1 fire 1 nothing 1 stroke 1 build 1 consciousness 1 fit 24 origin 1 study 1 builder 1 contact (1) 1 fits 13 0. (2) 2 substance 1 building (1) 2 cotillion 1 flood 1 ova 1 synthetic 2 cab 1 cows 1 flower 1 oxidasis 1 tearing Cadillac 1 crazy 1 force 2 oxidation 1 down CD 2 calyx 1 current 1 foreign 1 oxygen (1) 1 terrible 1 capacity 1 cutting 1 form 1 ozone 1 together 2 cat 6 daughter 1 F. 1 palsy 1 trance (1) 3 catabolic 1 decay 1 function (1) 2 patient 1 tube 1 catabolism 1 decomposition 1 future 1 peculiar 1 universal 1 cataclysm 0) 37 derivation 1 galls 1 person 2 upheaval 2 cataclysmic 4 destroy 4 general 2 physician 1 velocity (1) 2 catacombs 1 destruction (1) 9 geology 2 physics. (1) 8 versification 1 catalepsis 4 destructive (1) 15 gold 1 physiology 1 without 1 catalepsy 10 diaphragm 1 Greek 6 pillar 1 yawning 1 74. EMBRYO. Individuality Frequency, 93. Failure Frequency, 3. adult (4) 8 baby (3) 29 born 1 city 1 ego 1 ambassador 1 bacteriology 1 botanic 1 cleavage 1 elementary 1 amnion 1 bean (1) 5 botany 4 cocoon 1 embellish 1 amoeba (1) 8 begin 1 bottle 2 corn 2 embrace 1 amphioxus 1 beginning (1) 117 boy 1 course 2 embryological (1)1 analysis 1 beginnings (1) 5 boys 1 curled 1 embryology (3) 26 anascarca 1 biology (1) 47 brain 2 cytology 1 embryonic 3 anatomy 1 bird 2 bud 1 development (5) 17 evolution 2 animal 9 birth (2) 23 cell (4) 22 dog 1 evolve 1 ante 1 blastula 1 chart 1 early 4 F. 1 anthropology 1 body 9 chick (6) 34 ectoderm 2 first 5 atom 1 bone 1 chicken 13 eg g (10) 60 fish (1) 6 babe 1 bones (1) 1 child (2) 31 eggs 1 flower 5 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 51 foetal (1) 2 invertebrate 1 new 3 premature 1 starting 1 foetus (10) 52 jar 1 newly born 1 primitive 2 state 1 form 8 J. (1) 1 nuclues 7 protoplasm 1 structure (2) 2 formation 2 kid 1 ontogeny 2 protozoa 2 text-book 1 formative 1 kitten 1 organism (1) 3 psychology 1 theory (1) 1 frog 1 laboratory (1) 3 origin (1) 6 rats 1 tiny 2 fundulus 1 larva 2 original 1 reproduction 4 tissue 2 generation 1 L. 1 ova 2 sac 3 toad-fish 1 genesis 1 life (3) 27 ovary 1 science 1 unborn 7 germ (4) 45 little 1 ovum 4 section 1 undeveloped 8 germination 1 man (2) 7 paleontology 1 seed 21 unfinished 1 Greek 1 M. 1 pallium 1 size 1 unformed 3 growing 1 matter 1 parasite 1 slide 1 uterus (1) 4 growth 11 medicine 3 person 1 small (1) 28 vertebrate 1 head (1) 2 minuteness 1 physiological 1 snake 1 womb (2) 5 histology 1 mitre 1 physiology 7 spore 2 worm 1 hormone (1) 1 morphology 2 Pig (1) 7 sporont 1 young (6) 39 human (2) 15 M. 1 placenta 1 sprout 1 youth 3 hygiene 1 mother 3 plant 6 stage 2 youthful 1 infant (2) 9 museum 1 plantlet (1) 1 start 1 zoology (2) 21 interest 1 neural 1 possible 1 75- SPECTRUM. Individuality Frequency, 62. Failure Frequency, 1. analyses 1 diffraction 1 line 1 purple 1 spectator 2 analysis (24) 94 dispersion 1 lines (2) 6 radium 1 spectral 3 apparatus 1 division 1 looking 1 rainbow (4) 34 spectre 3 arc 2 divisions (1) 1 mercury 1 ray (1) 4 spectograph 1 astrology 1 eclipse 1 microscope 3 rays (1) 8 spectroscope (2) 16 astronomy 4 examination 1 mirror 1 read 1 star (1) 3 band 1 eye 8 M. 1 rectum 1 stars 2 band of color (1) 1 figure 1 Newton (1) 2 red 9 sun (5) 47 bands 1 Fraunhofer 2 oculist 1 refraction (2) 3 sunlight (1) 1 bars 1 ghost 1 optician 1 scale 1 thesis 1 biology 1 ghosts 1 optics 1 science 1 urine 1 blue (1) 5 glass (2) 26 orange 1 seeing 1 variegated 1 brain 1 green 1 petrography 1 S. 1 violet 1 bright 2 human 1 photograph 1 sight 9 violet rays 1 Bunsen 2 inspect 1 physics (3) 51 sky 1 visible (1) 2 card (1) 1 instrument 2 physiology 2 sodium (1) 3 vision 1 chart 1 iron 1 pigment 1 solar (2) 17 waves (1) 1 chemistry (1) 6 laboratory 1 polariscope 1 spectacle 4 X-ray 1 color (16) 179 lecture 1 prism (3) 29 spectacles 1 zoology 2 colors (3) 130 lens 3 psychology 1 spectacular (1) 2 Zurich 1 crystal 1 light (18) 206 76. CONTINENT. Individuality Frequency, 53. Failure Frequency, (1) 1. abstainer (1) 1 content 1 geography (3) 47 mass 1 six 2 Africa (2) 25 contents 2 geology 1 moon 1 size 2 America (18) 206 continence 1 Gibraltar 1 mountain 2 South America 4 American 4 continual 1 globe (2) 7 nation 3 space 1 area (1) 2 continuity 2 government 1 North America 45 spnere 1 Asia (1) 37 continuous 1 half world 1 (6) stars 1 Atlantis 1 contrive 1 hemisphere (4) 10 ocean (2) 19 strand (1) 1 Australia (1) 18 countries 2 impotent 1 oceans 2 subdivision 1 bigness 1 country (2) 25 incontinent 3 peninsula 5 territory 1 birth 1 definition 1 island (28) 90 physiography 1 theorum 1 body 2 division 3 islands 1 religion 1 United States 3 bound 1 earth (1) 18 land (12) 156 restraint 2 Utica 1 candy 1 England 1 land-mass 1 same 1 vast 1 cape 1 Europe (6) 112 large (1) 12 science (1) 1 war 2 complete 1 European (1) 5 largeness 2 sea 7 water 4 connected 1 expanse 1 largest 1 section 1 western (1) 6 conscience (1) 1 extent 1 lost 1 shape (1) 3 whole 4 conscious 1 federal 1 Magellan 1 shelf 1 wide 1 contain 1 fibers 1 map (2) 32 shore 2 world 7 contained 1 geographical 1 52 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 77. SPORE. ) Individuality Frequency, 123. Failure Frequency, 21. Africa 2 cocci 1 gamete 1 mushrooms (1) 2 spear 1 agamogenesis (1) 1 composer 1 generation 1 nucleus 1 speck 2 algae 1 coral 1 George 1 organism 1 sperm (1) 8 algebra 1 covering 1 germ (7) 37 ova 1 spermatozoa 2 amoeba 3 cryptogam 1 germinate 1 part (1) 2 sphere 1 anatomy 1 cryptogram 1 germination 2 perennial 1 spike 1 animal 5 cryptograms 1 green 1 phrase 1 spine 1 anthrax 2 develop 1 growth 3 picker 1 splore 1 arm 1 difficulty 1 gymnaspore 2 pig 1 Spohrfieder 1 bacilli 1 door 1 H. 1 pine 2 spoke 1 bacillus 4 dot 1 hand 1 plant (10) 60 sponge 6 bacillus 1 dots 1 hole (1) 11 plants (2) 8 sporadic 11 subtilis 0) dry 1 hoof 1 pollen (4) 18 sporangium 3 bacteria (8) 31 dust (2) 6 hunting 1 pollywog 1 sporophite 1 bacteriology 10 egg 20 impalpable 1 pond 1 sporophyll 1 bacterium 0) 6 eggs 4 imperfection 1 pore (1) 5 sporozoa 1 ball 5 element 1 individual (1) 1 powder 1 sporozoon 2 bearing (2) 4 elephant 1 indusium 1 prickle (1) 1 sport 10 beginning 4 embryology 3 infusoria 1 process 1 spot 1 biology 47 encapsulated 1 insect 1 projecting 1 stem 2 biophore 1 equisetum (1) 3 invertebrate 1 propagation 1 tetanus (1) 3 bit 1 explore 1 jefly 1 protozoa 3 trace (1) 6 black 2 fermentation 1 jelly fish 1 Pteris 1 track 5 blood 1 fern (12) 87 Latin 1 reproduction (2) 19 tracks 2 body 1 ferns 7 leaf 1 Rome 1 trail 1 boor 1 fertilization 1 life 5 roommate 1 tree 2 bore 1 fish 16 little 1 round (1) 4 tube 1 botany (2) 51 flagellum 1 low life 1 round body 1 unicellular life 1 breathing 1 flower (3) 23 lycopod (1) 1 sac 1 unit 1 bred 1 flowers 6 medusa 1 scale (1) 1 water 1 bred 1 foot 1 megaspore 1 science 5 whole 1 bud (1) 3 form 2 microbe 1 seed (16) 114 wind (1) 1 bug (1) 1 formation 1 milk 1 skin 3 worm 1 bugs 2 forming 2 minute (1) 3 sleep 1 yeast 8 burst 2 frog 1 moss 3 small (1) 12 young 2 case 2 frogs 1 mould 11 smallness 1 zoology 18 cedar 1 frond 1 moulds 1 snow 1 zoophite 1 cell (5) 31 fruit 1 movement 1 source 1 zoospore 1 cells 1 fungi 3 mucor 1 South Africa 1 zygote 1 circle 1 fungus (1) 14 mushroom (3) 18 spa 1 78. THEOREM. V • - ;• ' - • $, •* Individuality Frequency, 67. Failure Frequency, 4. abstract (1) 2 demonstrate 1 imaginary (1) 2 physics 1 syllabus 1 algebra (2) 64 demonstration (3)6 imagination 1 pons asinorum 1 tarlagtia 1 algebraic 2 diagram 1 indices 1 postulate (1) 3 Taylor’s (1) 1 all 1 equality 1 interrelation 1 practical 1 teacher 1 analysis 1 equation (1) 10 italics (1) 1 practice (1) 2 theater 3 answer 1 established 1 law 3 principle (1) 5 theme 1 arithmetic (1) 8 Euclid (2) 7 L. 2 problem (3) 45 theocracy 1 Avogadro 1 example 4 lessons 1 proof (4) 22 theology (1) 1 axiom (1) 8 exercise 1 line 1 proposition (8) 60 theorize 1 belief 1 explanation 2 logic (1) 1 prove 5 theory (3) 34 binomial (15) 123 fact 1 M. 1 Pythagoras 3 thesis 1 biology 1 false 1 mathematics (9) 77 Pythagorean 2 thinking 1 blackboard 2 fierce 1 maxim 2 question 1 third 1 book 2 first 1 maximum 1 rule 5 thought 2 calculation 1 formula 1 memorized 1 school 3 thiangle (1) 3 calculus 4 generalization 1 mutation 1 science 2 triangles 1 cause 1 geometric (1) 1 nebular 1 sentence (2) 3 trigonometry (1) 1 chemistry 2 geometrical 4 Newton (1) 2 Spinoza 1 truth 4 conclusion 1 geometry (26) 327 notion 1 square 1 two 1 condition 1 guess 2 old 1 statement 8 version (1) 1 connote 1 H. 1 original 1 study 1 words 1 conundrum 1 hypothesis (3) 32 IT 1 supposition 1 work 1 corollary (2) 11 idea (1) 5 part 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 53 79 . HIMALAYA. Individuality Frequency, 67. Failure Frequency, 2. A. 1 climbing 1 goat 1 island 3 pen 1 aeroplane 1 cocoanut 1 goats 1 islands 1 peninsula 2 Africa 1 cold 2 Greece 2 isthmus 1 Pike’s Peak 1 Allegheny 1 continent 1 haemolysis 2 Kim 1 plant 1 Alps 4 country (1) 5 hard 1 Kipling 2 Popocatepetl 1 altitude 1 distant 1 Hawaii (1) 1 L. 1 rabbit 3 Andes 3 elevation 1 Hayti 1 land 1 race 1 A. 1 enamel (1) 1 height 13 L. 1 range (1) 5 Ararat (1) 1 Europe 2 hiems 1 large 1 rocks 1 Asia (6) 61 Everest (4) 15 high (1) 4 Malay 1 Russia 1 beauty 1 F. 1 highest 3 map 2 snow (1) 11 bees 1 folding 1 Hindu 1 mountain (33) 307 snow caps 1 black 1 foreign 1 Hindustan (1) 2 mountains (31) 367 space (1) 1 blackberry 1 Ganges 1 H. 1 Mount Everest 6 state 1 blood 1 geography (1) 12 hymn 1 Oceanica 1 steep 1 Buddhism 1 giants 1 hymnology 1 natives 1 sublime 1 B. (1) 1 gigantic 1 hymns 1 Nepal 1 Thibet 7 Carpathian 1 girl 1 India (12) 78 nigh 1 volcano 1 China (1) 4 glacier 1 Indus (1) 1 peaks (1) 4 white 1 80 . RENAISSANCE. Individuality Frequency, 116. Failure Frequency, 1. age (1) 13 education 6 history (9) 70 new birth (2) 4 review 1 ages 1 Egypt 1 Holland 1 newness 1 revival (1) 21 ancient 1 Elizabethan 1 hotel 1 nothing 1 revolution (2) 2 antiquity 1 England 3 Italian (1) 25 old 3 Richelieu 1 architecture (1) 17 English 8 Italians 1 painting (1) 13 rings 1 art (8) 89 enlightenment 2 Italy ( (13) 86 paintings 2 rising 1 arts 1 epoch 2 kings 1 Paris 1 R. (1) 2 awakening (2) 15 era 4 knighthood 1 Pater 1 rococo (1) 1 barbaric 1 Erasmus 2 lace (1) 12 period (6) 77 romanticism 2 bas relief 1 Europe (2) 20 late 1 Petrarch (1) 4 Rome 1 beginning 2 European (1) 1 Latin 1 philosophy 2 Savonarola 2 birth (2) 9 fascinating 1 learning (2) 34 picture (1) 2 school 1 book (1) 1 feudal 1 lecture 1 poet 1 sculpture 1 books 1 feudalism (1) 2 Leonardo 3 poetry (1) 3 Shakespeare 6 Botticelli 1 fifteen hundred 1 Leonardo poets 1 soldiers 1 brightness 1 fifteenth 1 DaVinci 1 Portugese 1 Spanish 1 building 1 fifteenth century 1 letters (1) 2 previous 1 spelling (1) 2 buildings (1) 2 Florence 6 life 1 printing (1) 2 Spinoza 1 cathedral 2 Fontainebleau 1 literary 1 procession (1) 1 spirit 1 Catholicism 1 fourteen hundred 1 literature 38 progress 1 Symonds (1) 5 Cellini 1 fourteen literature Rabelais 1 text book 1 centuries 1 fifty-three 1 and art 1 Raphael (1) 4 theory 1 century 2 France (4) 74 L. 1 rebirth (3) 13 thought 1 Cervantes 1 freedom 1 Luther (1) 7 reborn 2 time 4 change 4 French (1) 25 luxury 1 recollection 1 Titian 2 church 1 French Machiavelli 1 reconstruction 1 twelve hundred Cimabue 1 Revolution 1 map 1 recovery 2 A. D. 1 class 1 furniture (1) 1 Matthew Arnold [ 1 reform 2 upheavel 1 classics 1 Galileo (1) 2 mediaeval 16 Reformation (2) 22 Valla 1 Caleb 1 genetic (1) 1 mediaevalism (1) 1 reign 1 Velasquez 1 Columbus 1 Germany 2 Michael Angelo 8 rejuvenation 1 Voltaire 1 culture 7 Giotto 1 (2) Rembrandt 2 Walter Pater 3 Dante 9 Giottesque 1 middle ages (5) 14 renascence 1 (1) dark ages 1 gothic 4 Milton 1 renew 1 war 1 date 1 G. 1 monks 1 renewal 9 writers 1 Da Vinci (2) 5 Greece (1) 2 movement 1 republic (1) 1 writing 1 development (1) 1 Greek 1 music 1 restoration (1) 1 writings 1 doily 1 growth 1 Napoleon 1 resurrection 1 year 1 early (1) 2 Heidelberg 1 new (1) 7 retrograde 1 youth 1 81 QUOTIENT. Individuality Frequency, 52. Failure Frequency, 0. addition (1) 4 brother 1 deficient 1 divisible 1 algebra (1) 15 calculating denominator (1) 4 division (16) 267 answer (1) 41 machine 1 difference 1 divisor (26) 152 answers 1 carbon 1 divide (3) 14 end 1 antecedent 1 coefficient (1) 14 dividend (3) 67 equal 3 arithmetic (7) 117 cosine 1 dividing 5 equality 1 arithmetical 1 cotangent 1 divider 1 equation 4 equator equivalent 1 example (1) 2 factor 5 figure (1) 2 figures 4 figuring (1) 1 54 A . /. ROSANOFF , H . E . MARTIN AND I . R . ROSANOFF finish l mathematics (5) 35 part (1) 4 ratio 4 tangent 2 fraction (5) 29 measurement 1 portion 1 recollection 1 tests 1 fractions 6 multiplicand (2) 3 predicate 1 relation 1 theory 1 geography 1 multiplication 4 problem 2 remainder 11 third 1 geometry 4 (2) product (4) 31 remaining 1 together 1 grammar 1 multiplier (1) 2 purity 1 respiration (1) 3 total 1 indicator (1) 1 multiply 2 Q. 1 respiratory (2) 3 two 1 language 1 multiplying 1 question 1 result (2) 40 under (1) 1 less 1 number (3) 16 quorum 1 school 5 vision 1 line (1) 1 numbers (1) 7 quota 2 sign 1 whole (1) 1 many 1 numerator 1 quotation 1 subtraction (1) 3 write 1 mathematical 1 outcome (1) 1 quote (1) 1 sum (1) 10 82. OXIDATION. Individuality Frequency, 98. Failure Frequency , 4. acid 2 consumption 2 geology 1 new life 1 reaction (3) 5 acids 1 copper (1) 6 gold 1 nitrate (1) 1 red (1) 4 action 2 crystals 2 gun metal 2 nitric acid 1 reducing 1 agent 1 dark 1 heat 8 nitrogen (1) 4 reduction (13) 88 air (1) 40 decay 1 H202 1 Occident 8 R. 1 analysis 3 decomposition 1 hydrate 1 occidental 5 respiration (1) 1 atmosphere 1 dehydration (1) 4 hydration (1) 6 operation 1 result 1 automobile 1 deoxidation (1) 3 hydrogen (2) 13 orient 3 rocks 1 black 2 desiccation 1 ionization 1 oriental 2 rust (11) 74 blackening 1 destroy 1 iron (1) 37 orientation 5 rusting 4 blood (1) 11 destruction 1 iron rust 1 oxalic 2 science 4 botany 1 dew 1 jewelry 1 oxide 7 scientific 1 brass 2 dietetics 1 killing 1 oxidize 5 sewage 1 breaking up 1 digestion 1 knife blade 1 oxygen (17) 132 sidereal 1 break up 1 dissociation 1 laboratory 4 ozone 1 silver 17 breathe (1) 2 division 1 Lavoisier 1 peroxidize 1 steel 1 breathing (1) 6 dry 1 layer (1) 1 peroxide 1 strangulation 1 bubbling 1 earth 1 lead 1 petrify 1 sulphur 1 burn 12 east 3 life (1) 3 physics 6 sun 1 burning (8) 82 electrolysis 1 light 3 physiology 5 sunlight 1 carbon (1) 6 energy 1 liquefaction 1 potassium 1 tanks 1 carbonization 1 European 1 liquefy 1 P. 1 tin 1 catalytic 1 evaporation 1 L. 1 Priestley 1 tissue 3 cell 1 experiment 1 lungs 1 process (3) 24 union 1 cells 1 exposure 1 mathematics 1 processes 1 ventilation 3 change 8 fermentation 1 medicine 1 products 2 vigor 1 chemical (1) 9 fire (2) 19 metabolism (1) 1 progress (1) 1 water (1) 13 chemicals 2 fitters 1 metal 4 purification 3 welding 1 chemistry (15) 130 fizz 1 metals 2 purse 1 west 3 color 1 flame (1) 2 mineralogy 1 putrefaction (1) 1 western 1 combine 1 food 3 muscle 1 putter 1 yeast 1 combustion (1) 10 foundation 1 neutralization 1 rain 1 zinc (1) 2 conflagration 1 gas (2) 10 83. HAEMOGLOBIN. Individuality Frequency, 85. Failure Frequency, 71. active 1 Choctaw 1 globular 2 homogeneous 2 physiology (3) 19 adrenalin 1 classroom 1 globule 4 hospital 1 plant 1 advertisement 1 coagulate 1 globules 2 humility 1 plasma 1 agglutination 1 coagulation 1 gluttonous 1 hymen 1 pollywog 1 albumen 1 color 7 goblins 1 hymeneal 1 protein 1 amoeba 1 coloring 1 G. 1 incomplete 1 protoplasm 1 anaemia 1 corpuscle (1) 12 Greek 1 ion 1 quinine 1 analysis 1 corpuscles (1) 4 green 1 iron (1) 7 red (4) 25 anatomy 2 crystals 1 haematin 1 jelly 2 scale 1 animal 2 deviation 1 haematite 1 laboratory 1 science 6 assimilation 1 dietetics 2 haematococcus 1 leaf 1 scientific 2 B. 1 doctor 1 haemaltoporphyrin lecture 2 serum 2 beef juice 1 drop 1 2 leucocytes 1 shape 1 biology (1) 16 element 1 haemoglobinometer light 1 smell 1 black pill 1 entomology 1 1 meat 1 stain 3 blood (84) 619 fat 1 haemolysis 1 medicine 10 substance 3 blood-curdling 1 fibrin 1 half 5 milk 3 Sunday papers 1 blood substance 1 figure 1 half globe 1 nutrition 1 Tallquist 2 body 2 fluid 2 hemisphere (1) 15 orange 1 teacher 1 botany 3 food 5 hemispherical 1 organic 1 test 4 brain 1 German 3 hemorrhage 2 O. 1 tuberculosis 1 carbon dioxide 1 germs (1) 1 heterogeneous 1 oxygen 3 winter 1 cell 2 ghost 1 Himalaya 1 oxyhaemoglobin 1 world 1 chemical 3 glauben 1 Himalayas 1 (1) yellow 1 chemicals 1 globe 9 H. 1 philosophy 1 yolk 2 chemistry (1) 17 G. 1 home 1 physics 1 zoology 3 chlorophyll (1) 2 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 55 84. AXIOM. Individuality Frequency, 76. Failure Frequency, 4. accident 3 demonstration 1 idiom 4 precept 1 statement (2) 14 adage 1 easy 3 immortality 1 principle (2) 12 straight 1 algebra (1) 29 epigram 1 Kant 2 problem 2 sure 3 answer 1 equal 1 know 1 proof (6) 20 surety 1 apparent 2 equals 2 knowledge 1 proportion 1 task 1 a priori 1 equivalent 1 known 2 proposition (1) 11 teacher 1 argument (1) 1 established 1 law 12 prove (1) 2 ten 2 arithmetic (2) 7 Euclid (1) 8 line 1 proved 1 text book 3 assumption 4 evidence 2 logic (1) 7 proverb 7 theology 1 axe 3 evident 5 mathematics (4) 35 q. e. d. 1 theorum ' (IS) 85 A. 1 example 2 maxim (1) 3 quotation 1 theory (2) 15 axiomatic 6 explanatory (1) 1 meaning 1 reason (1) 1 thought 1 axis 4 expression 1 morals 1 rhythm 1 trigonometry (1) & axle 1 fable 1 motto 3 right 1 trite 2 belief 1 fables 1 mottoes 1 rule (1) 28 true (1) 15 book 1 fact (1) 13 naturally 1 same 1 truism (1) 8 B. 1 figures 1 noun 1 sane 1 truth (17) ; 223 B. 1 first 1 obvious (1) 2 saying (1) 12 two 1 certain 2 fundamental 3 old 1 self evident 16 understood 1 certainty 1 geometrical 1 one (1) 2 Seneca 1 undisputed 1 class 1 geometry (22) 209 paradigm 1 sentence 1 vaccination 1 coagulate 1 grammar 2 perimeter 1 short 1 variation (1) 1 common (1) 1 granted 2 philosophy 3 simple 1 verb 1 commonplace 2 hard 1 phrase 3 simplicity 1 word 1 conclusion 1 H. (1) 1 plain 1 six 1 worth 1 corollary 14 hunger 1 Pope 1 stability 1 correct (1) 3 hypothesis 1 postulate (7) 30 85. AMAZON. Individuality Frequency, 81. Failure Frequency, 0. Africa 1 club 1 Greeks 1 negro 2 south 1 A . 1 Colonel Roosevelt 1 gulf 1 Nile (1) 2 South America 60 Alps 1 colored 2 Hippolyte 3 ocean 2 (6) amazement 1 coon 1 histor 4 Orinoco 1 South American 1 America (1) 2 distant 1 Homer 1 pampas 1 statue (1) 4 amethst 1 dress 1 horizontal 1 Pankhurst 1 stone (1) 1 Andes 1 ding 1 horse 1 para (1) 1 stream (1) 1 ancients 1 fair 1 horses 1 parrot (1) 1 strength 5 animals (1) 1 female (1) 4 huge 2 Parthenon (1) 1 strong 4 arm 1 fight 1 Iliad 1 Penthesilea 2 suffragette (2) 4 Asia 1 fighter 1 Indian 2 person 1 tall 1 battles 1 fighters 1 island 1 Pinero 2 Teddy 1 B. 1 fighting 1 jungle 1 powerful 2 trees 1 belt 1 fine 1 lady 5 queen 6 valley 2 big 6 flowing 1 'large 7 race 3 vegetation 1 B. 1 forest 2 Latin 1 riding 1 waitress 1 black 1 F. 1 longest 1 river (54) • 426 Wallace (1) 1 Bohemian 1 fresh water 1 lovely 1 rivers 2 war 1 brave (1) 2 geograph 7 maiden 1 Roosevelt (2) 31 warlike 1 brazen 1 giant 1 mighty 1 sculpture 1 warrior (1) 7 Brazil (7) 49 giantess 1 missionary 1 sexless (1) 1 water 2 bronze 1 girdle 1 Mississippi 1 ship 1 woman (12) ! 212 Bruenhilde 2 Goethe 1 mountain 1 size 3 women (1) 27 burlesque 1 Greece (2) 5 mythology 3 soldier 1 zone 1 cannibal 1 Greek 2 86. ISOSCELES Individuality Frequency, ' 36. Failure Frequency, 6. acid (1) 1 equal (9) 63 geometry (3) 35 like 1 sides 1 acute (1) 1 equal angle 1 Greek 3 mathematics 4 square 1 Aeschylus 1 equality 4 height 1 point 1 stately 1 algebra 1 equal-legged 1 hexagon 1 pointed 1 Theocritus 1 angle 1 equal-sided 1 Holmes 1 pyramid 2 three 2 angles 1 equiangular (1) 2 icicle 2 Pythagoras 1 triangle (81) 1 811 angular 1 equilateral 11 isoderm 1 rectangle 1 triangles 4 balanced 1 Euclid 1 isomerism 1 rectangular 2 triangular 1 blackboard 1 even 3 isometric 1 roof 1 trigonometry (2) 3 chemistry 1 figure 2 large 1 same (1) 1 two 2 drawing 1 generalization (1)1 legs 1 scalene 3 56 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E . MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 8 7 . COHESION. Individuality Frequency, 111. Failure Frequency, 3. absorption 1 coapt 1 forces 2 medicine 1 society 1 addition 1 coefficient 1 friction 2 mercury 1 solid 1 adhere (1) 10 coercion 1 fusion 2 metals 1 sore 1 adherence (3) 11 cohabitate 1 gathering 1 molasses 5 stagnation adhering 4 cohere 1 geology 1 molecule 6 stamp 4 adhesion (27) 274 coherence (1) 2 glass 5 molecules (1) 10 stick (6) 95 adhesive 2 coherent (1) 6 glue (2) 31 mucilage (2) 12 stickiness (3) 10 adnation 1 collection 1 glueing 1 mud (1) 2 sticking (13) 108 affinity (1) 1 combination 1 gluey 1 occlusion 1 sticking plaster 1 aggregation (1) 1 coming together 1 great 1 operation 2 sticking together 7 agreement 1 community 1 gum 2 opposed 1 stick-to-it-iveness 2 amalgamation 1 compact 1 hang 1 particle 1 stickum 1 apart 1 confusion 1 hang together 1 particles (1) 5 sticky 6 atom (1) 1 connection 3 hatred 1 parts 1 strength 4 attach 2 contract 1 heat 3 paste 2 stringent 1 attracting 1 cosmic 1 hold 2 phenomenon 1 stuck 1 attraction (5) 17 diffraction (1) 1 holding 2 physics (8) 52 substance 1 binding (1) 1 diffusion 2 illustration 1 physiology 2 tape 1 biology 1 disassociation (1) 1 incoherent 1 plaster 7 themes 1 blackboard 1 drops 1 intestines 1 plates 1 tight 1 block 1 ear 1 join (1) 2 power 1 together (2) 55 blood 4 efferent 1 joining 4 protrusion 1 tube 1 brass 1 elastic 1 juxtaposition 1 pull 2 uniformity 1 bump 1 emphasis 1 Latin 1 pulling 1 union (1) 13 capillarity (1) 1 exclusion 1 L. 1 putting together 1 unit 1 capillary 2 expansion (1) 5 life 1 repulsion 3 unite 1 cement 1 experiment 1 logic 1 rubber 1 uniting 1 chalk 1 fast (1) 1 magnet 1 same 1 unity 3 chemistry (1) 18 fastened 1 magnetic 1 science 2 viscosity 1 cling 1 fate 1 magnetism 1 scientific 1 water (1) 9 clinging 4 firmness 2 marriage 1 separation 1 wax (1) 1 close 1 fixation 2 mass 3 shave 1 welding 1 coagulate 1 fixed 1 materials (1) 2 skull 1 wireless (1) 1 coagulation 2 force (6) 19 matter (1) 5 snow 1 with 1 coalesce 1 88. PROTOPLASM. Individuality Frequency, 109. Failure Frequency, (1) 5. albumen (1) 8 cells (4) 16 evolution 2 infinitesimal 1 nitella 1 alive 1 cell sap 1 first (1) 7 ' irritability 1 nitrogen (2) 4 amoeba (9) 77 cellular 1 F. 1 jelly (5) 54 nothing 1 analysis (1) 1 chasm 1 flesh (2) 9 jelly-fish 2 nucleus 7 anatomy 2 chemistry (2) 2 fluid (2) 8 knife 1 number (1) 1 ancient 2 child 1 foam (1) 1 leaves 1 organism (2) 7 animal (3) 14 chlorophyll 1 food 3 life (14) : 142 origin (1) 5 animals 2 chromosome 2 form 2 life matter 1 original 1 atheism 1 clear 1 formation 1 liquid 2 origins 1 atom 1 colloid 1 former life 1 living 6 oyster 1 baby 1 colorless 1 gelatin 1 living matter 1 paleontology 1 bacteriology 1 complex 1 gelatinous 3 lower 1 paste 1 basis 1 constituent 1 germ 13 mass 8 philosophy 1 beginning 9 C. 1 germinology 1 material 2 physical 1 beginnings 2 cytoplasm 2 germ plasm 1 matter 16 physiology 12 biology (4) 80 cytoplasma 1 G. 1 medicine 1 plant (2) 8 bioplasm (1) 1 Darwin 5 globule 1 membrane 1 plants 6 blood (2) 51 divinity 1 glue 1 metabolism (1) 3 plasm (1) 3 bloody 1 division 1 granules 1 metazoon 1 plasma 1 body (1) 6 drawing 1 gray 2 microscope (1) 5 plaster 1 botany 10 earth 1 green 1 minute 1 plastic 1 brain 1 egg (2) 9 green leaves 1 molecule 1 plastidule 1 bromide (1) 1 elemental 1 growth (1) 1 move 1 prehistoric 1 bugs 1 elementary (1) 3 haemoglobin 1 movement 1 primary material 1 carbon 1 embryo 2 histology 2 muscle 1 (1) cataclysm 1 embryology 2 human 2 mush 1 primeval 1 cell (14) 91 endoderm 1 Huxley (1) 5 mussy 1 primitive 6 cell-life 1 environment 1 inert 1 myxomycete 1 primordial 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 57 protean 1 proteid (1) 5 protein ( 1 ) 7 protozoa ( 1 ) 16 protozoon ( 1 ) 11 pseudopod 1 psychology 2 pulp 1 sap 1 science 3 serum 1 simple ( 1 ) 5 skin 3 slime ( 1 ) 2 slimy ( 1 ) 1 small 1 soft 3 somoplasm ( 1 ) 1 sperm squashy starch sticky S. structure stuff substance term 1 tiny 1 water 3 1 tissue 6 Weismann (1) 1 2 transparent 1 wetness 1 2 tree 1 white 3 1 unknown 1 work 1 3 viscous 2 worm 1 ( 1 ) 2 vitalists 1 woze 1 (3) 31 wabbly (1) 1 zoology 21 1 ' H us': XI 89 . CENTRIFUGAL. Individuality Frequency, 80. Failure Frequency, 0. acceleration 1 creamery 1 heart 1 outward ( 2 ) 4 sling 1 action ( 1 ) 1 cream separator 2 heat 1 paddle 1 speed 5 analysis 1 curve 1 hold 1 perimeter 1 sphere 2 apparatus 1 dairy 1 hold together 1 peripheral 1 spinning 2 approach ( 1 ) 1 diagram 1 hundred 1 physics ( 1 ) 42 stone 2 astronomy 1 driven 1 hundredth 1 planetary 1 string 3 attraction 2 earth ( 1 ) 4 hydraulics 1 power 2 sugar 1 away ( 1 ) 4 eccentric 2 illustration 1 precipitate 1 swinging 1 axiomatic 1 experiment 1 in 1 pull 2 swirling 1 axle 1 flank wheel 1 inward 3 pulling 1 tangent 2 biology 1 fleeing 3 jump 2 pump ( 2 ) 4 tangential 1 blood 1 flight 2 light 1 rapidity 1 throw 1 body^ 2 fly 6 machine ( 6 ) 14 revolution 1 top 1 center 36 flying (5) 17 machinery 1 revolving 2 toward 1 center force 1 flying off 1 mathematics 1 ring 1 turn 1 central 7 flying out ( 1 ) 1 mechanics 1 rotating 1 turning 1 “centrif” 1 fly wheel 1 middle 1 rotation ( 2 ) 7 universe 1 centrifuge ( 1 ) IS force (33) 448 milk 2 round 3 up 1 centripetal (27) 173 forces 2 misnomer ( 1 ) 1 science 1 urine 1 churn 1 forward 1 motion (3) 13 sediment 1 water 1 circle 12 from 2 movement ( 1 ) 1 seeking the wheel (3) 21 circular ( 1 ) 7 fugue 1 mud 1 center 1 whirl ( 1 ) s circumference 3 geometrical 1 neurones 1 separate 1 whirling (3) 14 concentrate 1 gravitation 3 off 1 separation 1 working 1 converging 1 gravity ( 1 ) 2 out ( 1 ) 3 separator ( 1 ) 5 world 1 cream 2 grindstone 1 out from 1 air 1 amoeba 4 analysis ( 1 ) 1 animal ( 1 ) 6 animals 1 atom (47) 463 atoms 13 attraction 2 ball ( 1 ) 2 beginning 1 big 1 biology 10 blood 2 body ( 1 ) 5 botany 1 brain 1 brick 1 carbonic acid ( 1 ) 1 cell 3 chemistry ( 10 ) 84 circle 1 combination (2) 3 composition 1 compound 1 90 . MOLECULE. Individuality Frequency, 62. Failure Frequency, 3. compression 1 invisible ( 1 ) 1 object 1 corpuscle 1 ion 6 oxygen 1 diminutive 1 ions 1 oyster 1 division 2 iron ( 1 ) 1 part 7 dot 1 law ( 1 ) 1 particle ( 8 ) 32 drop 1 life 2 particles 2 dust 2 little 12 philosophy 1 dynamic 1 mass 2 physiics ( 1 ) 38 election ( 2 ) 3 matter (3) 34 picture 1 element 4 microscope 1 plant 2 enzyme 1 minimum 1 playful 1 expansion 1 minute ( 1 ) 6 point ( 1 ) 1 fathom 1 minuteness 2 pollywog 1 fish 1 mole ( 1 ) 2 portion ( 1 ) 2 force 1 molecular ( 1 ) 6 protein 2 form 2 molecular weight 1 protoplasm 3 gas ( 1 ) 1 moles 1 science 1 germ 3 mollusc ( 2 ) 8 scientific 1 granule ( 1 ) 1 mollycoddle 3 simple 1 hypothesis 2 molybdenum 1 single 1 hypothetical 1 motion 2 size 2 imaginary ( 1 ) 1 mouse 1 small (5) 90 infinitesimal 4 number ( 1 ) 1 small atom 1 smallest 3 smallness 4 small particle 1 speck 6 specks 1 sphere (l) 5 spot 1 stone 1 structure 2 substance 2 sugar 1 tension 1 theory 2 tiny 9 two 1 ultimate ( 1 ) 1 uncutable 1 unit 6 units l vortex 1 water ( 1 ) 10 zoology 2 58 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 91. COTYLEDON. Individuality Frequency, 91. Failure Frequency, (1) 139. analysis 1 chlorophyll 1 flower (8) 86 mammoth 1 prehistoric 1 anatomv 1 class 1 flowers 9 maple 1 root (1) 1 anorinsoerm (1) 1 cochineal 1 fluid 1 mathematics 1 round 1 animal 1 coddle 1 food 1 medical 2 science 3 (8) 76 collodium 2 F. 1 medicine 2 seed (13) 92 beans (2) 8 colloid 1 Galveston 1 mollycoddle 1 seed leaf 1 biology (1) 7 colloids 1 geology (1) 1 monocotyledon 3 seedling (1) 4 blade 1 colytic ( 1 ) 1 geometry (1) 4 monocotyledonous seeds 2 bone 1 conifer 1 germination 1 8 shell (1) 2 botanical 4 connective 1 grease 1 nothing 1 side 1 botany (8) 105 corn 5 Greek 3 oil 4 sided 1 bud 1 cotillion 2 green 1 one 1 skeleton 1 butter 4 cottage 1 ground 1 page 2 species (1) 1 butterfly 1 cottolene 13 half 2 part (1) 1 spore 1 cardboard 1 cotton (1) 11 halves 1 pea (1) 3 spreading 1 cart 1 cotton seed 2 hypocotyledon 1 petal 2 spring 1 carthage 1 cotton wood 1 ignorance 1 physiology 1 stem 1 cartilage (1) 8 cow 1 infant 1 pine 1 substance 1 cat (1) 1 darkness 1 jar 2 pine tree 1 sugar 1 cataclysm 1 die- (1) 1 kernel 1 pistil (1) 1 teacher 1 catalytic 1 dicotyledon (1) 24 lard 6 piston 1 technical 2 catastrophe 1 dicotyledonous 2 lard bucket 1 placenta 2 temerity 1 Catiline 4 dictionary 2 leads 1 plant (24) 131 tendon 1 Caucasus 1 difficult 1 leaf (12) 59 plants (1) 8 tree 4 cauterize 1 embryo (1) 6 leaves (1) 12 plumule 2 two (1) 6 cell (1) 3 embryology 1 life 2 pollen 1 T. 1 Ceylon 1 endogenous 1 lily (1) 1 polycotyledon 2 young plant 1 chemical 1 eye 1 lima bean 1 polyhedron 1 Yser (1) 1 chemistry (1) 6 figure 3 linen 1 powder 1 zoology 2 92. ABSCISSA. Individuality Frequency, 98. Failure Frequency, (1) 107. abscess (2) 65 chart (1) 2 division (1) 1 mathematics (4) 48 psychology 2 abscission 1 charting 1 divisions 1 measurement 1 queen 1 absence 4 charts (1) . 2 drafting 1 measuring 1 scale 1 absent 5 Charybdis 1 drawing 2 medical 2 schism 1 absinthe 6 chasm 2 equation 1 medicine 2 science 3 absorb 1 chirurgy 1 expansion 1 molasses 1 scientific 1 abstract 1 circle (1) 4 expectation 1 monissa 1 scissors 5 abysmal 1 classroom 1 figure (1) 3 name 2 separation 3 abyss 6 coefficient 1 flower 4 narcissus 3 sister 1 Abyssinia 4 college 1 from 1 nature 1 S 1 Abyssinian 1 comet 1 function (1) 1 number 2 sore 1 across 2 conic 1 geometric 1 obssession 2 space 1 Africa 1 coordinant (1) 3 geometry (5) 47 opening 1 square 1 algebra 11 coordinate (6) 40 grammar 1 ordinal 1 squares 3 analytic 1 coordinates (1) 6 graph (3) 22 ordinant 4 statistics 4 analytic country 2 graphics 1 ordinate (31) 182 surd 1 geometry 4 crevice 1 graphs (1) 1 ordinates (1) 4 tangent 2 analytics (1) 11 cross 2 height 1 oval (1) 1 technical 1 angle 1 cross section 1 hiss 1 parabola 2 theorem 2 angles 1 curve (5) 14 history 1 parallel 1 titrate 1 apart 1 cut (1) 13 horizontal 2 part (1) 2 tooth 1 arithmetic 6 cutting (1) 9 . hospital 1 perpendicular 1 tracing 1 astronomy 1 departure 1 hyperbola 4 physics 5 trans 1 axes (1) 3 depth 1 hypothenuse 3 physiology 2 triangle (4) 29 axis 5 Descartes (1) 1 incisor 1 pipsissewa 1 trigonometry 47 bacteriology (1) 1 description (1) 1 index 1 plane 1 trite 1 base 3 diagram (1) 3 insect wing (1) 1 plant 1 under (1) 1 biology 1 diagrams 1 language 1 plasmolysis 1 upright 1 botany 4 diameter 1 Latin 3 pleasure 1 vertical 2 bottom 1 dictionary 2 length (1) 2 plot 4 X 1 brain 1 dimension 1 line (15) 66 plotting 2 x axis 2 brother 1 direction 1 lines 3 point 3 x + y 1 calculus 3 directrix 1 logarithm 3 points 2 y axis 1 Cartesian 2 distance (1) 3 logarithms 1 positive 1 zenith 1 characteristic 1 divide 1 mantissa 3 proboscis 1 zero 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 59 93 - GRAVITATION. Individuality Frequency, 81. Failure Frequency, 2. action 1 draw 1 gravity (D 30 momemtum 1 settling 1 aerial 1 drawing 2 gravy 1 motion 1 sex 1 apparatus 1 drop 5 ground 1 move 1 solids 1 apple (2) 19 dropping 1 heavy 8 nature 1 specific 2 astronomy 1 dyne 1 height 1 N. 1 speed 1 attraction (6) 34 earth (IS) 107 hill 1 Newton (18) : 187 square (1) 1 aviation 1 equator 1 Holt’s Ledge 1 pedestal (D 1 stone (1) 6 balance 1 erg 1 hope 1 physical 2 subtraction 1 ball (1) 5 exhortation 1 hydrometer 1 physics (6) 66 sun (1) 3 bodies 1 experiment 1 inertia 1 physics swing 1 body 1 fall (4) 39 insoluble 1 experiment 1 system r B. 1 falling (6) 46 (Sir) Isaac 1 pole 2 theory (2) 12 bullet 1 falling body 1 (Sir) Isaac power 5 32.2 i car 1 feather 1 Newton 1 process 1 tire i center (1) 7 force (7) 146 law (4) 42 pull (3) 21 tumble i centrifugal 3 formula 1 laws 2 pulling 2 unfailing i centrifuging 1 fraction 1 levitation 2 repulsion 1 unit 2 clinostat 1 g. . (2) 2 magnet 1 resistance 1 units 1 C. 1 generalization 1 magnetism 2 rolling 1 velocity 1 constant (1) 4 geography 2 mass ( 4 ) 6 root 1 volume 1 converging 1 globe (2) 2 matter 1 scale 1 water 2 Darwin 1 grave 2 mercury 1 science 2 weighing 1 declivity 1 gravid (1) 1 method 1 scientific 1 weight ( 7 ) 68 descent 1 gravimetric 3 molecular (1) 1 secret 1 world 1 down CD 9 gravitate (1) 2 molecule 1 separation 1 downward 4 94. GALVANIC. Individuality Frequency, 58 . Failure Frequency, 6. action ( 3 ) 14 energy 3 heat 1 metals 1 stimulation 3 apparatus 1 equator 1 instrument 3 meter 3 storm 1 attraction 2 experiment (D 1 iron 36 motor 1 strong 4 bath tub 1 explosive 1 Italy 2 needle 2 structure 1 batteries (D 1 Faraday 2 jar 1 physics 28 tank 2 battery ( 28 ) : 253 faradic ( 3 ) 7 jerk 1 power 10 Texas 1 bottle 1 force (D 53 jump 1 press 1 theory 5 bright 1 French 1 laboratory (1) 1 pressure 9 thermometer 1 burn 1 frog ( 3 ) 12 law 2 process 2 tin 7 cell ( 7 ) 56 frogs 3 life 1 psychology 1 Titanic 1 cells (D 1 Galileo (D 1 lining 1 psychometer 1 tub 1 chemistry 9 Galton 1 live 1 rapid 1 tube 1 coil (D 1 Galva 2 machine 2 reaction 1 twitch 1 copper 2 Galvan 1 machinery 2 reactions 1 vanguard 1 current (ID 75 Galvani (D 9 magnet 2 reflex 2 vats 1 currents 2 galvanize 10 magnetic 2 roof 1 vessel 1 d’Arsonval 1 galvanized 2 magnetism 1 schoolroom 1 volcano 2 discharge 1 galvanometer 10 man (1) 2 science 1 volt 2 dynamic 3 galvanoscope 3 mechanics 2 shock (2) 9 Volta (2) 4 electric (6) 46 Galveston 6 mercury 1 sinusoidal 1 voltaic (1) 4 electrical 4 G. 2 metabolism 1 soap 1 voltmeter 1 electrical cell (1)1 great force 1 metal 5 static 3 wire 1 electricity (24) 179 hard 2 metallic 1 steel 1 zinc 4 60 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 95. LOGARITHM. Individuality Frequency, 92. Failure Frequency, 1. abscissa 1 cosine (1) 2 hate 1 Naperian 2 series 1 algebra (3) 47 curve 2 higher natural 1 sine (2) 5 analysis (1) 1 decimal (1) 8 mathematics 1 nine 1 slide rule 2 analvtics 1 decimals 1 Holman’s tables 1 number GO) 56 S. 1 anti-logarithm (1)2 deduction 1 index (1) 2 numbers (3) 26 solution 1 arithmetic 34 differentiation 1 infinity 1 page 1 speed 1 base 3 difficult 2 Japanese 1 part 2 square 2 bird 1 difficulty 1 J. 2 per cent 1 study 2 blackboard 2 divide 1 K. 1 physics 1 sum 1 black book 1 D. 1 labyrinth 1 P. 2 surveying 2 book (5) 53 e. 1 Latin 1 P. 1 symbol (1) 1 books 1 easy 1 L. 1 plane 1 system 1 B. (1) 2 element 1 L. 1 power (4) 8 table (16) 18 C. 1 engineering 1 lobster 1 powers 1 tables (2) 38 calculate 1 Euclid 1 log 2 principle 1 tangle 1 calculation 7 examination 1 logarithm table 1 problem (1) 5 ten (1) 2 calculus 4 exponent (1) 12 log-chain 1 problems 1 theorem 1 catalogue 1 exponential 1 logic 1 progression 1 theory 1 C. (1) 1 F. 1 longitude 1 proof 1 together 1 chemistry 1 figure 3 L. 1 reciprocal 1 transcendental 1 coefficient 1 figures (3) 24 mantissa 3 root (1) 1 triangle 1 college 1 formula 1 manual 1 rotten 1 trigonometry \ 223 cologarithm 2 function (1) 1 M. 1 row of figures 1 (IS) column 2 geodesy 1 mathematics 115 rule 2 trouble 1 common 1 geometry (1) 36 (ID school 1 useless 1 complicated 1 great 1 misery 1 science 2 Weber’s law 1 computation (3) 7 hard 2 multiplication 5 sea. (1) 1 window seat 1 correlation 1 hardships 1 Napier (8) 26 secant 1 96. CALYX. Individuality Frequency, , 70. Failure Frequency, (2) 41. alchemist 1 color 1 K. 1 passion flower 1 shape 1 anatomy 1 corolla (22) 132 K. 1 perianth (1) 2 shell 1 animal 2 corona 3 K. (1) 1 petal (3) 19 skeleton 1 apples 1 cuneiform 1 kidney 2 petals (1) 2 skin 1 beautiful 1 crystal 1 larynx 1 physiology 1 spiral 1 Bible 1 cup (1) 12 leaf 1 pink 1 stalk 1 biology 2 curve 2 lily 9 pistil 6 stamen (1) 8 book 1 drill 1 lime (1) 1 plant (9) 59 stamens (1) 1 botanical (1) 2 eat 1 lotus 1 plants 7 stem (1) 8 botany (5) 75 electricity 1 morning glory 1 point 2 stone 1 bud 1 flower (41) 464 morphology 1 pollen 5 substance 1 Calais 1 flowers (2) 19 mould 1 powder 1 tapeworm 1 Calef 1 fruit (1) 1 myths 1 quandary 1 tooth 2 Caliph 1 geology 1 name 1 rananculus 1 top 1 Calixtus 1 geometry 2 nasturtium 1 root 1 triangle 1 Calox (1) 9 grand 1 nature 1 rose 1 unknown 1 catastrophe 1 Greek 2 odor 1 salt 1 vacate 1 C. 1 green 6 onyx (1) 1 science 1 violet 2 Celtic 1 heat 2 orchid 1 seed (1) 1 waxen 1 chalice 3 helix 2 outer 1 sepal (2) 8 wound 1 chemistry 1 history 1 part 1 sepals (1) 3 yellow 1 circle 2 index 2 97 . POLARIZATION. Individuality Frequency, 132. Failure Frequency, 6 . acids 1 asters 1 biology 1 cells (2) 3 cockroach 1 angle 1 astronomy 3 bodies 1 center 3 cold 4 apparatus (1) 2 atoms 2 body 2 centralization 3 compass 3 arctic 1 attraction 8 botany 1 changing 1 converging 1 arrangement (1) 1 axis 1 bubbles 1 chemical 1 C. 2 arranging 1 battery (2) 31 carbon 1 chemistry (1) 12 copper 1 arrow 1 bear (1) 3 cell (2) 30 chromosomes 1 crater 1 A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 61 crosses 1 crystal (1) 3 crystallization (1)3 current (2) 9 currents 1 cytology 1 depolarization 1 dextrous 1 direction (1) 3 division 1 earth 3 egg 4 electric 5 electrical (1) 3 electricity (2) 130 electrode 2 electrodes 1 electrolysis 2 electro-magnet 1 end 3 ends ( 1 ) 2 energy 1 engine 1 eugenics 1 examination 1 expedite 1 experiment 1 explorer 1 eyes 1 fat ( 1 ) 1 fertile 1 fertilization 5 filings 1 flower 10 flowers 2 focussing 1 force 2 formaldehyde 1 freeze 1 freezing 1 frigid 1 G. i geography 2 glass ( 1 ) 1 globe 1 golf 1 grace 1 harmonization 1 heat 2 heavens 1 heredity 1 hospital 1 hydrogen 3 ice 1 instrument (2) 4 ionization 2 iron 1 isomerism 1 laboratory 1 law 1 lens 1 leptolene 1 light (52) 320 lily 1 lines liver magnet (2) magnetic magnetism (1) magnetization magnets maturation mercury metal microscope (1) mineralogy mitosis motion movement moving navigation needle needless negative (1) neutralization Nicol nitrate non-polarizable north North Pole optics Peary perplexity phenomenon (1] philosophy physical chem. ( 1 ) 1 physics (4) 67 sea 1 physiology pistil 1 separation 27 1 Shackelton 3 plant 2 spar 26 plants 1 spectroscope 1 Polack 1 spectrum 1 Poland 1 spindle 1 polar (3) 5 stamen ( 1 polar bear 1 star 1 polarimetric 1 starch ( 6 polariscope ( 1 ) 6 Steffanson 1 polarity 1 stick 2 polarized 1 storage 2 pole 16 sugar ( 2 poles 7 sugars ( 1 pollen 3 sun 1 porous 1 tartaric 2 position 2 telescope ( 1 powder 1 theory 2 pressure 1 together 1 prism 4 trigonometry 1 process 1 tube 1 psychology 1 turn 1 3 Ramon y Cajal 0 ) 1 turning watch 1 red 1 water 2 refraction 1 weakening 3 repetition 1 whiteness 1 reproduction 1 wind 1 1 retina 1 yellow 1 rhomboidal ( 1 ) 1 Z. 98. CEPHALIC. Individuality Frequency, 120. Failure Frequency, (5) 42. acid 3 cerebrum 1 form 1 medicine 3 seraphic 2 action 2 cervical ( 1 ) 1 ganglion 2 medium 1 seven 1 adj ective 2 Charybdis 1 general 1 medullar 1 Sisyphus 1 anatomy 1 chemistry 1 geology 1 membrane 6 skin 1 ancient 1 child 2 ghosts 1 mesocephalic 1 skull 12 androcephalic 1 compression 1 giant 1 microcephalic 1 sleep 1 angel 1 cranium 1 gland 4 mind 1 slink 1 angelic ( 1 ) 2 degenerate 1 gonorrheal 1 neck 1 sociology 1 animal 2 dictionary 4 good 1 nerve ( 1 ) 2 sour 1 anterior 1 difficult 1 Greek 1 nerves 1 sphinx 1 anthropology 4 diffuse 1 groove 1 neurology ( 1 ) 1 spinal 1 ascetic 1 disease 19 growth 1 nomenclature 1 spirits 1 baby 1 division 1 haziness 1 obstetrics 1 squid 1 back 1 dog 1 head (34) 287 occipital 1 stone 1 belly 1 dolicho- 2 heads 1 person 1 suffice 1 biology ( 1 ) 4 dorsal ( 1 ) 2 headwards ( 1 ) 1 petal 2 sufficient 1 blind 1 dorso- 1 heaven 1 phalanx 1 suffix 1 body 2 elephantine 1 horse 3 phallic 1 suture 1 bone ( 1 ) 3 elephants 1 hospital 1 physics 3 sylph 1 bones 1 embryo 1 hydro¬ 1 physiology 9 sympathetic 1 botany ( 1 ) 3 embryology 1 hydrocarbon 1 plant 1 symphony 1 brachy- 1 embryonic ( 1 ) 1 hydrocephalic 9 podalic 1 synthetic 1 brachycephalic 4 encephalon 1 hydrocephalus 2 portion 2 syphilis 10 brain (18) 112 end ( 1 ) 3 idiot ( 1 ) 1 prognathous 1 syphilitic 2 brainy ( 1 ) 1 endocephalic 1 ignorance 1 prophylactic 2 syphilization 1 bucephalus 1 ethnological 1 index (23) 140 psychology 3 syphon 1 caliph ( 1 ) 2 eugenics ( 1 ) 1 jaw 1 region ( 1 ) 3 terrible 1 ceiling 1 eyes 1 large 1 round 2 thorax 3 centaur 1 fallacy 1 lobe 3 sage 1 thought 1 centipede 1 fallible 1 lobster 2 Sapphic ( 1 ) 1 ulcer 1 central 3 feet 1 man 2 science 9 vein 3 centripetal 1 finger 1 meaning 1 scientific 2 Wassermann 1 cephalopod ( 1 ) 5 flexure 1 measurement 1 sepal 2 white 1 cephalothorax 2 - force 1 median 1 sepulchral 1 woods 1 cephalus 9 forehead 1 medical ( 1 ) 3 seraph 1 zoology ( 1 ) 3 62 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 99. PROTEID. Individuality Frequency, 86. Failure Frequency, 9. albumen (3) 30 chemical 1 F. (1) 1 milk (1) 7 proteus 1 amino-acid 5 chemistry (9) 41 food (32) 422 molecule (1) 5 protest 1 amino-acids 1 C, O, H, N (1) 1 foods 5 multiform 1 protoplasm (6) 18 ammonia 1 colloid 2 food stuff 1 muscle 2 protos 1 amoeba 1 commission 1 form 1 mythology 2 protozoa (1) 5 ancient 1 complex 1 formula 1 Nereid 1 protozoon 1 animal 3 compound (1) 6 fried egg 1 nitrogen (9) 36 purification 1 animalcule 1 cookery 1 gland 1 nitrogenous 7 ration 1 animals 1 cooking (1) 1 glutton i nourishment 3 reaction (1) 1 A. 1 corn 2 grain 2 nucleus 1 salt 1 backbone 1 diet 6 granule (1) 1 nutrient 1 sea 1 bacteriology 1 dietetics 2 gravy 1 nutriment 1 serum 1 bean 3 digestion 2 Greek 1 nutrition 8 small 1 beans (l) 6 dinner 1 grub 1 ocean 1 starch (2) 10 beef extract 1 early 1 health 1 organic 1 stiff (1) 1 beginning 1 eat 3 hybrid 2 organic chemistry 2 stomach 1 biochemistry (1) 1 eats 1 hydrocarbon (1) 3 organism 1 strength 3 biology 6 economics 1 hygiene 3 peptone 1 stuff (1) 1 birds 1 egg (4) 18 jelly 1 physics 1 substance (3) 16 blood 1 egg albumen (1) 1 J. 1 physiology (1) 8 sugar 4 body 3 eggs 2 life (2) 7 polotin 1 T. 1 botany 4 egg white 1 M. 1 polypeptids 1 thickness 1 bread (l) 3 Endymion 1 many (1) 1 post 1 tissue 1 but evolution 1 material 1 potato 2 vegetable 1 carbohydrate (1) 41 fat 24 matter (1) 4 potatoes 3 vegetarian 2 carbohydrates 2 fats 3 meal 1 powder (1) 3 vegetarianism 1 carbon 4 first 2 meat (4) S3 predigested 1 wheat 4 casein (l) 1 F. (1) 2 M. 1 primitive 1 word 1 cell (i) 3 flesh 1 menu 1 protein (1) 14 zoology 2 cheese 3 flour 1 metabolism (1) 6 100 . KINETIC. Individuality Frequency, 58. Failure Frequency, , 12. acting 1 electrical 1 kaleidoscope 1 molecules 1 quick 3 action 6 electricity 7 kaleidoscopic 1 motion (ID 60 reaction 2 active 5 electrons 1 karyokinesis 1 move 1 relationship 1 activity (1) 2 energetic (1) 1 kidney 1 movement (3) 21 rest 1 association 1 energy (43) 410 kimono 1 movie 1 science 2 attraction 1 equivalent 1 kindred 1 moving (1) 8 sensation 3 available 1 fall 1 kinesis 1 muscle 5 skin 1 Canada 1 feeling 1 kinesthesis 2 muscles 1 sound 1 change 1 force (13) 145 kinesthetic 7 muscular 1 static (2) 15 changing 2 forceful 1 kinetoscope 3 Yi m v2 2 steam 1 chemistry (1) 4 function 1 latency 1 phonetic 2 strength 1 cinematograph 1 gas (1) 3 latent 2 physical 2 sun (1) 2 close 1 gases 1 light 3 physics (5) 46 swift 2 color 2 genesis 1 lively 2 potential (2) 26 sympathetic 1 Connecticut 6 Giddings 1 machine 1 power 27 technical 2 C. 1 glass 1 mass (1) 1 powerful 1 theorem 1 doctor 1 heat (1) 12 mechanic (1) 1 pressure 1 theory (11) 56 dynamic 5 hypothesis 2 mechanics (1) 6 principle 1 tongue 1 dynamics 1 inertia 1 molecular 4 protoplasm 1 vigor 1 dynamo 1 interesting 1 molecule 1 psychology 4 writing 1 APPENDIX TO THE FREQUENCY TABLES. 1. Geography : Any term or name in physical geography. Any political division in geography. Any noted geographical explorer or writer. 2. Participle : Any term of grammar or syntax. Any language. Any participle. 3. Waterloo : Any city in Belgium. Any noted military or naval commander in the European armies involved in the Napoleonic campaigns. The name or location of any historically important engagement in the world’s wars. 4. Refraction : Any refracting medium. Ocular errors of refraction. Any optical instrument. Any term of optics. 5. Arithmetic : Any term of arithmetic or algebra. Any number. Any writing implement or computing device. 6 . Botany : Any botanical term or name. Any instrument employed in experimental or other work in botany. Any term of agriculture. 7. Isomerism : Any term of organic chemistry. Methods or devices for distinguishing isomers. Any substance of a group of isomers or polymers. 8. Portugal: Any term or name in physical geography. Any political division in geography. 64 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF Any term in biology. 9. Amoeba : 10. Declension : Any term of grammar or syntax. Any English or foreign word commonly used as an example in the study of declensions. Any word pertaining to ithe study of language. 11. Burette. Any word pertaining to technique or apparatus of chemical analysis. Any substance that is more or less frequently subjected to or used in volumetric chemical analysis. 12. Physics: Any term of mathematics or physics. Any method or apparatus of /the physical laboratory. Any term of applied physics. 13. Hyperbole : Any term of grammar, syntax, or rhetoric. Word denoting, or pertaining to, emotional element of expression, or accuracy in expression. Any term of mathematics. 14. Retina : Any term of nervous anatomy or physiology. Any term of anatomy, physiology, or pathology of the visual apparatus. Any term of optics. 15. Coagulation : Any word denoting or implying a transition from a liquid to a solid state or from one of loose to one of more compact aggregation. Any substance that is commonly subject to such a transition. Any process, mechanism, or agency that may produce or hinder coagulation. Any component of blood, egg, milk, muscle or other typically coagulable material. 16. Cervantes : Any word denoting high intellectual distinction. Any word pertaining to literature or rhetoric. Any character, custom, sentiment, or principle prominently dealt with in Cervantes’ Don Quixote. 17. Franchise : Any term of civics or political economy. Any general or special designation of an enterprise commonly requiring a government franchise for its organization or maintenance. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 65 Any political division of a country or a state. Any population group of a country or a state. Any word denoting or implying distinction of class or caste. 18. Subtraction: Any term of arithmetic or algebra. Any number. Any writing implement or computing device. 19. Metabolism: Any food substance. Term pertaining to ingestion, digestion, absorption or assimilation of food or to nutrition in any way. Term pertaining to destructive tissue changes and excretion. Any organ, system, tissue or fluid of the animal body. Any vital function. Any medicament, poison, or disease markedly affecting metabolism. Any term denoting change or a process of change. Any hygienic condition or principle affecting metabolism. 20. Predicate : 1 Any term of grammar or syntax. Name of any language. 21. Mollusc : Any term of zoology. Any water animal. Any body of water or term denoting land connected therewith. 22. Inquisition: Word denoting any form of torture or capital execution. Word denoting or implying mediaeval times or institutions. Word denoting any judicial authority or procedure. Any ecclesiastic term. Any word denoting or implying oppression, derogatory qualification or resentment. 23. Amphibious: Any term of zoology. Any water animal. Any body of water or term denoting land connected therewith. Any word pertaining to habits of water life, such as methods of propulsion, etc. 24. Decimal: Any term of arithmetic or algebra. Any number. Any writing implement or computing device. Any term pertaining to currency. 66 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 25. Hydraulic : Any water-way or hydraulic apparatus. Any word denoting or implying energy; any apparatus for the production, measurement, transmutation, or transmission of energy. Any operation of engineering that may be performed with the aid of hydraulic apparatus. 26. Osmosis: Any animal, vegetable, or artificial tissue or apparatus prominently invovled in phenomena or experiments of osmosis. Any general or special name of a substance noted either for marked diffusi- bility or for indiffusibility through semi-permeable membranes. Any biological function prominently dependent on the phenomenon of osmosis. Word denoting or implying movement of a fluid substance or permeability of a solid substance. 27. Percentage : Any term of arithmetic or algebra. Any number. Any writing implement or computing device. Any word pertaining to currency, banking, or commerce. Any term of scientific or applied statistics. 28. Cerebellum : Any part of the nervous system or of the skeleton enclosing it. Any function of the cerebellum. Any common symptom of cerebellar disease. Any pathological process or lesion that may affect the cerebellum. 29. Fractions: Any term of arithmetic or algebra. Any number. Any writing implement or computing device. 30. Titration : Any word pertaining to technique or apparatus of chemical analysis. Any substance that is more or less frequently subjected to or used in volumetric chemical analysis. Any branch of science or technology in which titration forms a part of the technique. 31. Carbohydrate : Any food substance. Term pertaining to the ingestion, digestion, absorption, or assimilation of food or to nutrition in any way. Term pertaining to technique, apparatus, or reagents of food analysis. Any organ, system, tissue or fluid of the animal body. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 67 32. Duodenum : Any food substance. Term pertaining to the ingestion, digestion, absorption, or assimilation of food. Any organ, fluid, or function of the digestive system. Any pathological lesion or process' that may affect the digestive system; any symptom of such a lesion or process. Any medicament or therapeutic procedure commonly employed in the treat¬ ment of disorders of the digestive system. 33. Cosecant : Any term of geometry or trigonometry. 34. Biology. Any term of biology. The name of any institution of learning. Any animal or plant. 35. Odyssey : Any character in the Homeric poems. Any term of literature. The name of any writer or locality of ancient Greece or Rome that is of historical importance^ 36. Vertebrate : Any term of zoology. Any animal. Any term pertaining to the vertebrate skeleton. Any division of the body characteristic of a vertebrate organism. 37. Gravimetric : Term pertaining to technique or apparatus of chemical analysis. Any substance that is more or less frequently subjected to' or used in gravi¬ metric chemical analysis. Any unit or system of weight measure. 38. Federal : Any high office or department of the federal government. Any country. Any word denoting federation or union. The name of a president of the United States. Any organization of whose charter or corporation name the word “federal” forms a part. 39. Morphology: Any word denoting or implying a pathological condition. Any term of biology, anatomy, or physiology. Any term of anatomic technique or apparatus. 68 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 40. Hypothenuse : Any term of geometry or trigonometry. 41. Magellan : Any country, continent, or ocean. Any term of navigation or of geography. Any geographical explorer of historical importance. 42. Hexameter : Any term of rhetoric. Any noted poet or poem. 43. Meteor : Any term of astronomy. Any word descriptive of a meteor, its composition, movements or effects. 44. Momentum : Any word denoting or implying an act or means of motion or of sudden arrest of motion. 45. Cornwallis : Any military term or term of warfare. Any word referring to a scene or incident of the prominent campaigns in the American revolution. The name of any personage of historical importance connected with the latter colonial times, the revolution, and the early years of the Union. 46. Protosoon: Any term in biology. Any disease produced by a protozoon. 47. Syntax : Any term of grammar or syntax. Word pertaining to the study of language. Any language. 48. Distillation: Any operation or phenomenon of which distillation forms a part or which forms a part of distillation. Any apparatus which is used in distillation. Any substance which is more or less commonly subjected to distillation or manufactured with the aid of distillation. Any chemical or technological operation which may be employed, like dis¬ tillation, for the purification or separation of substances. 49. Pollen : Any term of botany. Any agency that commonly serves for transference or dissemination of pollen or seeds. Any term pertaining to reproduction of biologic organisms. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 69 50. Peninsula : Any term or name in physical geography. Any political division in geography. 51. Binoniial : Any term of mathematics. 52. Crustacean : Any term of zoology. Any water animal. Any body of water or term denoting land connected therewith. 53. Bonaparte : Any military term or term of war fare. Any noted military or naval commander in the European armies involved in the Napoleonic campaigns. Any word referring to a scene or incident or the prominent features of the Napoleonic campaigns. Word[ expressing or implying esteem or commendation of any kind, or lack of it. 54. Meridian: Any geometric, trigonometric, or astronomic term more or less frequently employed in geography. Any country, prominent city, or term in physical geography. Any term of navigation. Any apparatus of navigation or astronomy. Any division of the diurnal cycle. 55. Chlorophyll : Any plant, part of a plant, or plant constituent. Any term of botany. 56. Tetrahedron : Any term of geometry. Any substance commonly met with in crystalline form. 57. Madagascar: Any term or name in physical geography. Any political division in geography. Any tropical animal, plant, or commercial product. Any term of anthropology. 58. Corolla : Any flower or part of one. Any flowering plant. Any color. 70 A. J. R0SAN0FF, H. E. MARTIN AND 1. R. R0SAN0FF 59. Ventral : Any organ or region of the animal body. Any animal. Any term of anatomy. 60. Belgium: Word obviously referring or pertaining to the war of 1914-1919. Any European country. Any Belgian colony. Any city in Belgium. Any personage prominently connected with Belgian history, science, literature, or art. 61. Tangent : Any term of geometry or trigonometry. Word denoting or implying contact or proximity. Word denoting or implying an act or means of rapid motion. 62. Dorsal : Any organ or region of the animal body. Any animal. Any term of anatomy. 63. Colloid: Any colloid substance. Word denoting or implying a transition from a liquid to a solid state or from one of loose to one of more compact aggregation. Any animal, vegetable, or artificial tissue or apparatus prominently involved Any substance that is commonly subject to such a transition, in experiments of osmosis. 64. Equator : Any geometric, trigonometric, or astronomic term more or less frequently employed in geography. Any term of physical geography or meteorology. Any country or prominent city situated within or near the tropics. Any tropical animal, plant, or commercial product. Any term of anthropology. Any term of navigation. Any apparatus of navigation or astronomy. 65. Judiciary. Any term of law, civics, or penology. Any political division of a country or a state. The name of any prominent judge. 66. Synthesis: Any product of synthetic chemistry. Word denoting or implying a transition from' a lower to a higher degree of complexity. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 71 67. A thens: Any word pertaining to the history, art, philosophy, or science of ancient Greece. Any noted city of ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, or Judea. Any personage of importance in the history of ancient or modern Greece. Any character in Greek mythology. 68. Epithelium : Any organ, region, or tissue of an animal or plant. Any characteristic anatomical or chemical constituent of epithelial organs. Any variety of epithelium or epithelial cells. Any term of anatomy. Any animal or plant. Any secretion or excretion. Any lesion of skin or mucous membrane. 69. Feudalism : Any term of civics or political economy. Any word denoting or implying distinction of class or caste. Word denoting or pertaining to mediaeval times, historical incidents, or institutions. Any word denoting or implying oppression, derogatory qualification, or resentment. The name of any personage or place of historical importance connected with mediaeval times. Any military term or term of warfare. 70. Coefficient : Any algebraic symbol. Any natural phenomenon the law of which is more or less commonly ex¬ pressed by a mathematical formula. Any term of mathematics. Any number. Word in any way pertaining to scientific or applied statistics. 71. Perennial : Any word involving the concept of time. Any term of botany. 72. Plebeian : Any term of civics or political economy. Word denoting or implying distinction of class or caste. Word denoting or pertaining to the times, historical incidents, or institutions of ancient Rome or Greece. Word denoting or implying oppression, derogatory qualification, or resentment. The name of any personage or place of historical importance in connection with ancient Rome or Greece. Any military term or term of warfare. 72 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF 73- Catalytic: Word denoting or implying chemical activity or an act or means of initiating or hastening chemical activity. Any term of chemistry. 74. Embryo : Any word denoting or implying age. Any term of biology. Any animal or plant. 75. Spectrum : Any term of optics. Any apparatus or reagent used in spectrum experiments. Any color. 76. Continent: Any term or name in physical geography. Any country. Any noted geographical explorer or writer. 77. Spore : Any term in biology. Apparatus, technique, or material of any branch of experimental biology. Word denoting or implying size, appearance, or consistency. Any spore bearing animal, plant, or bacterium. 78. Theorem: Any term of geometry or trigonometry. 79. Himalaya : Any term or name in physical geography. Any country. Word denoting or implying elevation, means of elevation, or process of elevation. Any animal or plant. 80. Renaissance : Word denoting or implying mediaeval times or institutions. Any word denoting liberation, emancipation, enlightenment, or approving qualification. Word denoting or implying the spirit of progress as contrasted with that of conservatism. Any European nationality, country, or important city. Any branch of literature, art, science, or civic or economic activity. Any personage of historical importance from the times of early Italian Renaissance to those of the French revolution. Any social institution markedly affected by the Renaissance. Any product of handicrafts inspired by the styles of the Renaissance. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 73 81. Quotient: Any term of arithmetic or algebra. Any number. Any writing implement or computing device. 82. Oxidation: Any term of chemistry. Any result or manifestation of oxidation. Any substance commonly subject to oxidation. Any vital process involving oxidation. Any agency, apparatus, or technique employed in experiments of oxidation. Any branch of science or technology in which the process of oxidation plays an important part. 83. Haemoglobin: Any term of animal anatomy, physiology, or pathology. Term of pathologic technique or of therapeutics used in connection with the investigation and treatment of abnormal conditions of the blood. 84. Axiom: Any term of metaphysical dialectics. Word denoting or implying belief or feeling of certainty or conviction. Any term of geometry. 85. Amazon: Any term or name in physical geography. Any term or name of classical mythology. Word denoting or implying the female sex. Word denoting or implying strength or aggressiveness. 86. Isosceles: Any term of geometry. 87. Cohesion: Any physical property of matter. Any adhesive medium, substance, or contrivance. Any material especially noted for its cohesion. Word denoting or implying a state of aggregation of matter or resistance to disaggregation. 88. Protoplasm: Any term of biology. Word pertaining to the structure, composition, or properties of protoplasm. Word pertaining to apparatus, technique, or reagents of biological investi¬ gation. 89. Centrifugal: Any term of dynamics or celestial mechanics. 74 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF Any contrivance involving rotary motion. Any apparatus, substance, or technique of investigation or manufacture in¬ volving the use of centrifugal force. Word denoting or implying rapid motion. 90. Molecule : Any term of chemistry. Any chemical substance. 91. Cotyledon : Any term of botany. Any plant. 92. Abscissa : Any term of geometry or trigonometry. Word pertaining to the diagrammatic representation of statistical measurements. 93. Gravitation: Any term of celestial mechanics, aeronautics, or ballistics, or pertaining to theory of motion. Any means of measuring weight or of utilizing the force of gravitation. Any measure of weight. Word denoting or implying weight. Any substance or object especially noted either for lightness or for heaviness. 94. Galvanic : Any term of electricity. Any apparatus, technique, or reagent employed in electroplating. Any substance or object commonly subjected to electroplating. Word pertaining to physiological effects of galvanic electricity. 95. Logarithm : Any term of mathematics. 96. Calyx : Any term of botany. Any flowering plant. Any color. 97. Polarisation : Any term of optics. Any apparatus, technique, or substance employed in experiments with polarized light. 98. Cephalic : Any term of anatomy. Any term of anthropology. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 75 Any animal. Any term of nervous or mental pathology. 99. Proteid: Any food substance. t Term pertaining to the ingestion, digestion, absorption, or assimilation of food or to nutrition in any way. Term pertaining to technique, apparatus, or reagents of food analysis. Any organ, system, tissue, or fluid of the animal body. Any chemical substance which enters into the constitution, or which may be produced as a decomposition product, of proteids. 100. Kinetic: Any term of physics. Any source or manifestation of energy. PART II. NORMS REPRESENTING VARIOUS DEGREES OF EDUCATION. The results of our test have varied greatly in different subjects, depending probably on many factors; among these education occupies, of course, a position of importance. For the purpose of measuring the influence of education we collected three hundred test records from subjects selected as follows: twenty-five pupils from each, the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth elementary school years; the same number from each of the four high school years; and the same from each of the four collegiate years. This material was collected in the fall of 1915, shortly after the beginning of the school year, the work in the elementary school being done between November 22 and December 15; that in the high school between October 4 and 20; and that in college be¬ tween October 25 and November 15. In Table 2 we give the calculated averages for all the groups distinguished according to school grade, together with the aver¬ age deviation for each group. It appears in the table that education up to the first collegiate year, but not beyond, influences the results of the test. The dif¬ ferences presented by the groups below those of college students are, however, not entirely to be attributed to the influence of edu¬ cation; for an examination of this and other material in our possession shows that at least two other factors contribute toward the results shown in the table: native mental (capacity and physiological maturation. Very marked individual differences are to be observed in all groups; this is shown by the average deviations given in the table for each group and even more strikingly, of course, by the con¬ trasts between the highest and lowest scored test records in each group. Thus, for example, the extremes of high standard value for the fifth elementary school year group were 6 and 251; for A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 77 TABLE 2. >■» 1-4 rt oj C * a> _■ e § w ° Common reactions. Doubtful reactions. Individual reactions. Failures of reaction. High standard value. Individuality index. Failure index. 1 5th 7 Average 24.2 2.3 34.0 39.5 117.8 0.384 1.474 1 A. D. 8.0 1.6 19.8 27.8 55-0 0.215 0.864 6th f Average 22.1 1.8 17.4 58.6 143 .1 0.202 2.108 1 A. D. 7-0 1-5 10.2 17.1 37-0 0.112 0.582 7th ( Average 29.8 2.2 29.0 40.1 175-0 0.314 1 .313 l A. D. 7-8 1 7 14.4 19.2 73-7 0.153 0.587 8th f Average 37.8 i .4 21.9 38.8 338.2 0.239 1.129 l A. D. 7.2 1.2 14.0 19-3 87.2 0.154 0.537 ist J Average 50.3 1.9 19.6 28.2 471.6 0.219 0.673 l A. D. 9.0 0.9 8.3 12.2 134-7 0.907 0.381 2nd f Average 67.8 1.8 i 5 -i 15-4 663.4 0.160 0.283 l A. D. 7-9 1.2 6.5 10.0 109.3 0.068 0.212 3rd f Average 74-4 1.6 10.7 13.3 795-8 O.IIO 0.211 l A. D. 5-5 1.0 6-3 8.2 179.2 0.064 0.146 4 th 7 Average 79.1 1.6 8.2 11.1 956.1 0.084 0.152 l A. D. 6.9 1.2 3-2 7-5 202.2 0.033 0.116 ist f Average 82.7 1*3 5-3 10.7 1231.6 0.051 0.132 l A. D. 5.8 0.8 3-0 6.0 242.8 0.032 0.089 2nd j Average 84.7 1-3 8.0 6.0 1221.6 0.084 0.063 l A. D. 5-4 0.9 3-8 3-9 231.2 0.040 0.044 3rd 7 Average 83.8 1.0 8.7 6.1 1270.0 0.091 0.072 l A. D. 7-6 1.0 5-0 4-4 293.3 0.055 0.064 4th 7 Average 85.3 1.8 9.1 3.7 1223.4 0.093 0.034 l A. D. 5-8 1.2 4-6 2.8 247.5 0.050 0.028 the ist high school year group 33 and 746; and for the first collegiate year group 716 and 1553. The groups being small it is not improbable that the differences between them are partly to be attributed to accidental variations in their composition, although there is as much chance of this factor (in so far as it operates independently of selection) work¬ ing against as with the factor of education in the general showing. 78 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF The influence of selection will be considered in detail in Part III. Suffice it to say here that in a general way it is probably more or less active at the transitions between all education groups represented in the table, and at two points particularly so, namely, at the transitions from elementary school to high school and from high school to college. Selection here implies the existence of differences in native mental capacity such as are recognized by every teacher. We have secured teachers’ estimates of the mental capacities of all the pupils in the elementary schools, high schools, and college, to whom the test had been given. These estimates are expressed in the following terms: very bright, bright, average, dull, very dull. For each test record from a subject rated as “very bright” we selected for comparison one from a subject in the same class at school or college rated as “very dull,” “dull,” or “average,” the order of preference being as given here. In some classes, due perhaps to the personal equation of the teachers in the use of the terms proposed by us, more pupils were reported as “very dull” than “very bright.” In such instances no test records marked “dull” or “average” were used for the purpose in hand, but the necessary number of those marked “bright” was added to those marked “very bright” to make the total number in that group equal to that in the group marked “very dull.” Table 3 gives the figures for each group in the elementary schools, high schools, and college. These figures show plainly that a correlation exists between the teachers’ estimates of mental capacity and the results of the, tests. As to the factor of physiological maturation, it will be recalled that by the Kent-Rosanoff test, the results of which seem to be practically uninfluenced by systematic education, it has been shown to be active only up to the age of eleven years. 1 It would seem that the results of our present test are influenced by the factor of physiological maturation up to the same age, and not beyond it, as may be judged from the figures in Table 4 represent¬ ing another part of our material. This material consists of one 1 Isabel R. and A. J. Rosanoff. A Study of Association in Children. Psychol. Review, Jan., 1913. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 79 TABLE 3. Averages. Groups of subjects distinguished according to teachers’ estimates of mental capacity. Common reactions. High standard values. Individuality index. Failure index. Elementary \ school groups. \ Very bright or bright 21 Very dull, dull, or average 21 29.5 27.6 182.6 1 157-0 0 p & §3 1.424 1415 High school | groups. ( Very bright or bright 22 Very dull, dull, or average 22 71.0 67.0 791-5 678.6 p p 0.207 0-373 College groups. ( Very bright or bright 13 Very dull, dull, or average 13 88.7 8+s 14032 1212.7 0.051 0.095 0.049 0.051 The small figures in the second column indicate the number of subjects in each group. hundred twenty-five test records obtained from adult subjects, long out of school, and classified in five groups according to amount of education, compared with data copied from Table 2, i.e., representing subjects who are much younger and still at school but who have had the same amounts of education. TABLE 4. Averages. Amounts of education. Adults, long out of school, or younger sub- jects, still at school. Common reactions. High standard values. Individuality index. Failure index. 4 elem. school yrs. j Adult subjects 20.7 158.9 0.223 2.082 l Younger U 24.2 117.8 0.384 1-474 6 elem. school yrs. f Adult it 27.1 240.1 0.209 1.750 1 Younger H 29.8 175.0 0.314 I. 3 I 3 8 elem. school yrs. f Adult it 31.5 258.6 0.253 1-377 1 Younger it 50.3 471.6 0.219 0.673 4 high school yrs. f Adult it 737 1001.7 0.123 0.361 X Younger it 82.7 1231.6 0.051 0.132 4 college yrs. f Adult « 85.8 1280.1 0.073 0.047 1 Younger « * 1 85.3 | 1223.4 1 0.093 1 0.034 * These subjects are college seniors and not graduates; tests were made at the beginning of the school year. 8o A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF In this connection it should be borne in mind that not only the factor of physiological maturation but probably other factors as well have had a part in producing the differences between adult and younger subjects shown in the table. Here again the factor of selection, for one, probably plays an important part. For instance, the adults who have had but four or six years of ele¬ mentary school education must differ considerably, as a group, from school children who have had the same amount of education, but the majority of whom will not drop out of school at this point but will proceed with their studies. Moreover, something is perhaps to be allowed for forgetting in the course of years of being out of contact with school studies. We find, in fact, that, whether it be due to inferiority by selec- or to forgetting, or to other factors, all the adult groups, with the exception of the group of college graduates, show a somewhat lower average of common reactions than the younger subjects of the same amounts of education. Nevertheless the influence of physiological maturation seems to be shown by the high standard values of the groups representing four and six elementary school years of education, but not higher: i.e., the groups which, among school children, include but those who are on the average eleven years of age or less. In order to eliminate the factors of accidental variation, selec¬ tion, and, as far as may be possible, physiological maturation, and thus render possible a closer estimate of the influence of the factor of education alone, the test was given a second time during the month of June, 1916, i.e., at the end of the school year, to a number of the subjects in the 8th elementary school year and in the 3rd and 4th high school years. The results are shown in Table 5. The gains, which, it would seem, are here to be attributed solely, or almost solely, to educa¬ tion, during a period of one school year, amounted to 17.0 per cent in high standard values. The gains in the course of the corresponding school years shown in Table 2,—to be attributed not solely to education but also to selection and perhaps some other factors as well,—were to the amount of 27.2 per cent. A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 81 TABLE 5 Averages Year at school Tests made at beginning or end of school year Common reactions High stand¬ ard values Individuality index Failure index 8th elem. school year 22 At beginning 37-9 342.6 0.244 1.108 At end 42.9 430.9 0.251 0.890 3rd high school year 20 At beginning 72.9 770.9 0.119 0.224 At end 78.3 9159 0.124 0.181 4th high school year 24 At beginning 78.7 932.2 0.085 0.155 At end 82.1 1045.9 0.075 0.119 The small figures in the first column indicate the number of subjects in each group. Turning again to the material represented in Table 5, an examination of the test records in individual cases shows here and there a gain in the course of one school year so far beyond the average as to make it doubtful if it could be wholly attributed to the factor of education. Furthermore, in no less than 16 of the 66 cases the tests at the end of the school year showed a loss in¬ stead of a gain!—It seems necessary to assume the existence of another factor as influencing the results of our test, a factor which, for want of any knowledge concerning its nature, we have called temporary condition of the subject. We have selected from the three school year groups repre¬ sented in Table 5, respectively, the cases which showed the highest gains and the highest losses at the end of the school year, and submit here full copies of both the first and the second tests in each case. In these test records, as in others to be reproduced, the numbers at the left of the reaction words indicate high standard values. 82 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF M. P., male, age 12, 8th elementary school year; total high standard values, first test 249, second test 591. 1st test 2nd test geography. participle. Waterloo. islands.... 1 phrase.... island.... study . 2 speech . 22 battle . break . 2 study . 3 study arithmetic. botany. isomerism. 1 example.. 1 words.... Portugal. amoeba. island.... . 6 country declension. 1 words.... . pronoun physics. hyperbole. retina. coagulation.... Cervantes. . . geography. . 1 study . 2 speech . 80 eye franchise. subtraction.... metabolism.... predicate. mollusc. 19 arithmetic. . 19 arithmetic word. . 5 sentence inquisition.... amphibious.... decimal. hydraulic. osmosis. 38 fraction... 13 press. . 38 fraction . 13 press percentage.... cerebellum.... time. . 15 arithmetic fractions. titration. 9 decimal... . 24 arithmetic carbohydrates. duodenum.... cosecant. biology. Odyssey. 1 study. . 1 study vertebrate. gravimetric.... federal. morphology... hypothenuse... Magellan. hexameter. army. study. 3 explorer.. . 33 government . study . 3 explorer meteor. momentum.... 29 star. . 29 star Cornwallis.... protozoon. 11 general... . 11 general syntax. distillation.... pollen. peninsula. binomial. class. .57 grammar country... campaign. . 3 bee campaign crustacean.. Bonaparte... meridian. ... chlorophyll.. tetrahedron. Madagascar. corolla. 1st test 2nd test commander. 8 general geography .. 4 country.... 44 island ventral.. .. Belgium.... tangent. army. 9 country dorsal. . _ colloid. . m equator. judiciary.... synthesis. .. 2 center. 2 department. center department Athens. epithelium.. feudalism. . . nation. country _ m coefficient. . . . . perennial home plehian catalytic. . . embryo spectrum. . . . . . continent... spore. .. 6 North 18 America America theorem..... . . Himalaya... Renaissance. .. 33 mountain.. 33 mountain goods dividend quotient- oxidatioln. .. 16 division.... 3 haemoglobin, axiom. _ . Amazon. isosceles..... cohesion . . . . . .. 54 river.54 river triangle protoplasm.. centrifugal.. molecule- cotyledon..., science. science * * abscissa. gravitation.. galvanic . .. 7 force. geography logarithm . . . . •calyx. . polarization.. ■cephalic . . . proteid . . _ kinetic. • . A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 83 A. P., female, age 13, 8th elementary school year; total high standard values, first test 345, second test 259. 1st test 2nd test geography- participle.. subject.... , 17 grammar.. , river. study . 17 grammar name arithmetic. , subject. , 2 study Portgual. 6 country.... , 6 country declension. , 19 grammar.., . 19 grammar physics. subject.... 1 study arithmetic coagulation Cervantes. franchise_. T . . . river. 1 name subtraction metabolism.... predicate. mollusc . 19 arithmetic., , 19 arithmetic 15 grammar. ., . 15 grammar inquisition.... amphibious.... decimal.. hydraulic..... _ _ 6 arithmetic.. , 6 arithmetic osmosis. . , percentage cerebellum fractions. titration. 15 arithmetic.. , 15 arithmetic 24 arithmetic.. ,24 arithmetic carbohydrate.. duodenum. 9 food. cooking cosecant. _ biology. Odysspy. arithmetic.. , 1 study * vertebrate. gravimetric.... federal. morphology... hypothenuse... Magellan. _ party. company arithmetic name name. hexameter . meteor. momentum.... Cornwallis.... geography.. name. arithmetic name prntnznon . syntax. distillation.... 57 grammar... , 57 grammar pollen. peninsula. 10 geography.. 10 geography binomial. crustacean.... Bonaparte. meridian. 9 chlorophyll.... tetrahedron... Madagascar... corolla. ventral. Belgium. 9 tangent. dorsal. colloid. Equator. 5 judiciary. synthesis. Athens. epithelium.... feudalism. coefficient. perennial. plebeian.11 catalytic. embryo. spectrum. continent. 3 spore. (theorem. Himalaya.33 .ivciicLissaiicc . . . quotient. 7 oxidation. haemoglobin. .. axiom. Amazon.54 isosceles. cohesion. protoplasm. . .. centrifugal.... molecule. cotyledon. abscissa. gravitation.... galvanic. logarithm. calyx. polarization... cephalic. 'proteid.32 kinetic. 1st test flower. name. geography.. river, country.... country.... geography., history. people people geography.. mountain.. arithmetic.. river. flower geography.. food. Connecticut 2nd test flower name 9 geography 9 country city 5 geography civics flower country geography mountain arithmetic geography arithmetic geography 84 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF S. S., male, age 17, 3rd high school year; total high standard values, first test. 481, second test 1001. geography. partiaiple. arithmetic. . amoeha. declension. physics. hyperbole. retina.. coagulation.... Cervantes. franchise. subtraction.... metabolism.... mollusc. inquisition. .. decimal hydraulic.. osmosis.... percentage. titration. duodenum, cosecant.. vertebrate. gravimetric morphology... hypothenuse... momentum Cornwallis protozoon. syntax.... distillation pollen.... peninsula. 1st test 2nd test 1st test 2nd test climate.... water binomial. . 1 number- 7 algebra 3 infinitive... 3 infinitive crustacean... creeping... flower 21 battle. 21 battle Bonaparte.... . 45 Napoleon.. 45Napoleon 2 diffraction.. 35 light meridian. . 9 longitude.. 6 earth circum- subtraction chlorophyll. .. . 5 chloroform. ether ference tetrahedron.. tetrameter.. tetrameter 20 plants. 8 flowers Madagascar.. . 4 country.... 1 peninsula 1 isosceles corolla. . 1 corollary.. . sickness 49 Spain. 49 Spain ventral. . 1 ventrilo- 1 ventrilo¬ caterpillar.. worm quist quist case. 1 adjective Belgium. ruin 3 Germany 3 bureau. 3 bureau tangent. . 22 circle. 22 circle experiment. 36 chemistry dorsal. endorse.... Dardanelles hyperfluous. hyperfluous colloid. collie. cholera revenue.... 80 eye equator. . 1 heat. 15 earth conjugation cohesion judiciary. . 1 judicious... 1 judicial servant.... survey synthesis. word French... . France Athens. . 3 Sparta. 3 Sparta 41 addition.... 41 addition epithelium. .. Epigraph... epidemic metaphor... mental feudalism.... slave. 3 serf 25 verb. 1 nominative coefficient.... . 7 mathematics 5 algebra mollent. . . . molasses perennial.... parenthesis parenthesis acquisition. 32 Spain plebeian. . 2 aristocracy. 23 common 17 water. botany catalytic. . 1 Catiline.... 1 Catiline cipher. 38 fraction embryo. . 1 biology.... flower hydrophobia 13 press spectrum. specto. speculate soaking.... 2 water continent.... . 6 Europe.... 6 North 8 fraction.... 4 money America 1'6 cerebrum.. 16 cerebrum spore. S. sport 2 numerator. multiplica¬ theorem. . 1 postulate... 3 theory tions Himalaya.... 33 mountain Titus. Titanic Renaissance.. rising. uprising 5 carbon. 33 sugar quotient. . 3 dividend... 3 dividend 'duodecim.. unum oxidation.. .. . • airing. 1 air cozy. consequent haemoglobin.. . 1 biology.... 1 botany 6 animals.... monkey axiom. . 17 truth. 17 truth 1 Odysseus.. English Amazon. 54 river firm. 15 inverte¬ isosceles. . 9 equal. 81 triangle brate cohesion. coincide.... 27 adhesion 1 gravity. 1 gravity protoplasm... . soft. 1 body 2 union. 2 soldiers centrifugal... . centra!! .... circle theology... mortal molecule. ridicule.... 47 atom arm. arm cotyledon.... . 8 bean. 8 flower 52 straits. 17 strait abscissa. absent. absent 1 hexagon... dactylic gravitation... . 1 gravity.... 1 gravity 1 meter. 1 meter galvanic. discovery.. substance 1 impulse.... equal logarithm.... . largo. largo 4 Washington 25 Yorktown calyx. . K. Calais creature... 27 amoeba polarization.. Poland. flower meaning... 1 word cephalic. syphon sprinkle. germ proteid. . digestible.. 6 protoplasm 36 flower. 36 flower kinetic. 43 energy 14 land. 4 cape A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 85 I. S., female, age 15, 3rd high school year; total high standard values, first test 796, second test 479. geography. participle. Waterloo. refraction. arithmetic. botany. isomerism. Portugal. amoeba. declension. burette. physics. hyperbole. /retina. coagulation.... Cervantes. franchise. subtraction. ... metabolism.... predicate. mbllusc. inquisition. amphibious.... decimal. hydraulic. osmosis. percentage.... cerebellum.... fractions. titration. carbohydrate.. duodenum. cosecant. biology. Odyssey. vertebrate. gravimetric.... federal. morphology... hypothenuse... Magellan. hexameter. meteor. momentum.... Cornwallis.... protozoon. syntax. distillation.... pollen. peninsula. 1 st test 2 nd test . 2 Europe.... 8 land -Latin. 1 English .46 Napoleon.. 46 Napoleon arithmetic.. 35 light school. brain . 16 plant. life . 3 geometry 49 Spain.49 Spain 4 zoology.... evolution 8 Latin.19 grammar hair. 3 bureau 3 laboratory. 1 energy disease. hyphenated . desire . coefficient history. 1 Dante religion.... 5 suffrage ,19 arithmetic.. 19 arithmetic symbol. symbol 15 grammar... 15 grammar . mole 32 Spain. 1 religion 2 zoology.... life 6 arithmetic.. 38 fraction chemistry.. trans¬ mittance . isosceles population. 3 part Latin. temperance 24 arithmetic.. 7 parts Titian. Asia _ botany. 9 chemistry . united Latin. together 18 life. class 52 Homer. 1 wandering 4 zoology.... 27 animal 6 physics.... 1 gravity 33 government 1 united 4 science. 3 morphine 9 geometry... 9 geometry 1 Spain. 1 discovery 3 geometry... division 10 astronomy. 2 light 8 physics.... distance Lafayette.. 7 surrender 8 zoology- protein Latin. reason health. man 6 botany.36 flower 10 geography.. extension binomial. crustacean.... 5 Bonaparte. 9 meridian. 4 chlorophyll- 3 tetrahedron... Madagascar... 5 corolla. 34 ventral. Belgium. tangent. 6 dorsal. colloid. equator. 1 judiciary. 9 synthesis. Athens.72 epithelium... . feudalism. 2 coefficient. 1 perennial. plebeian. 4 catalytic. 1 embryo. spectrum. continent.18 spore. theorem.26 Himalaya. 1 Renaissance... 13 quotient. 7 oxidation.17 haemoglobin... axiom. Amazon. 7 isosceles.81 cohesion. 8 protoplasm.... centrifugal.... molecule. 1 cotyledon. 8 abscissa. gravitation.... 6 galvanic. logarithm. calyx. 5 polarization... cephalic. proteid. 1 kinetic.43 1 st test 2 nd test arithmetic.. united zoology.... defended France. glory latitude.... division botany. chemistry Latin.. roof geography.. colonies flower. 1 coral door. entrance starvation.. injustice geometry.. . meeting . door . collar Brazil. 1 heat court. 2 justice . cynical Greece. art English.... epigram England... nobles physics.... 7 exponent Latin.27 annual Rome. class Catiline.... capitalists botany. chemistry ghost. spectre America... divisio_n hygiene.... outlet geometry.. . 3 problem geography.. height ■Italy. 2 learning arithmetic.. 2 result oxygen.... 1 air disease. globe axis. 1 fact Brazil. wilderness triangle.... balanced physics.... 5 attraction botany. 4 biology . 33 force physics.... 8 particle botany. 1 biology • • .... absinthe physics.... 18 Newton Gaul. magnetism lumbering.. allegory botany. protection cold. distribution . sepal physiology. nourished energy. 11 motion 86 A. J. ROSANOFF , H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF H. R., female, age 16, fourth high school year; total high standard values, first test 900, second test 1285. 1 st test 2nd test 1st test 2nd test geography.... participle.... 2 school. America peninsula.... . 25 island. 3 Italy 17 grammar... 17 grammar binomial. . 2 polynomial. 7 algebra Waterloo. 46 Napoleon.. 46 Napoleon crustacean... . 1 fish. 1 fish 3 physics.... 35 light Bonaparte.... . 9 France. 9 Waterloo arithmetic.... fractions... 11 algebra meridian. . 4 latitude.... division botany. isomerism.... 8 flowers.... 16 zoology chlorophyll... . 36 green. 36 green science- science tetrahedron.. three. biology Portugal. 1 Europe.... 49 Spain Madagascar.. . 44 island. 44 island amoeba. 4 biology.... botany corolla. beads. 34 flower declension... 4 nouns. 19 grammar ventral. medicine... throat burette. barette. hair Belgium. . 3 Germany... 3 Germany physics. 1 heat. 3 electricity tangent. . 6 geometry. .. 6 geometry hyperbole.... 19 exaggera- tion 19 exaggera¬ tion dorsal. colloid. . body. . physics- 2 anatomy retina. material.... 80 eye equator. . 1 heat. 2 center coagulation... together... 1 condensa¬ tion judiciary. synthesis. . 2 justice. . 1 grammar... 3 judges 5 combination Cervantes.... Greek. 42 Don Quixote Athens. . 72 Greece. 72 Greece franchise. 5 suffrage.... 5 suffrage epithelium... . Grleek. body subtraction... # 19 arithmetic.. 19 arithmetic feudalism.... nobles. 4 mediaeval metabolism... statics. science coefficient.... . 5 algebra- 5 algebra predicate.... 28 subject_ 5 sentence perennial.... . 3 time. 2 year mollusc. Japan. 8 animal plebeian. worker.... 10 patrician inquisition... 32 Spain. 32 Spain catalytic. . 11 chemistry.. 11 chemistry amphibious... 5 fish. 5 fish embryo. . 6 young. 6 young decimal. 2 fractions... 6 arithmetic spectrum. zoology.... eye hydraulic.... 4 physics.... 38 water continent.... . 18 America... 18 America osmosis. percentage... 1 breathing., marks. 1 breathing 1 mark spore. . 2 reproduc- tion 2 botany cerebellum... ] 2 anatomy... 2 anatomy theorem. 26 geometry... 1 axiom fractions. ' 24 arithmetic.. 24 arithmetic Himalaya.... .31 mountains.. 1 China titration. science.... Renaissance. . . 2 awakening. 8 art carbohydrate. n iinn Ptiittn 1 water. 1 two. 33 sugar quotient. oxidation.... • 7 arithmetic.. • 1 flir, 16 division 15 chemistry cosecant. 7 geometry.. 7 geometry haemoglobin.. science. biology. 6 animals_ 15 zoology axiom. • 2 statement... apothem Odyssey. 52 Homer. 52 IHomer Amazon. • 12 woman... . 12 woman vertebrate.... 2 spine. 2 spine isosceles. • 81 triangle.... 81 triangle gravimetric.. science.... science cohesion. • 5 attraction.. 2 together federal. 2 national... 2 national protoplasm... • 3 substance.. 3 substance morphology.. 1 medicine... 4 science centrifugal... • circle. 33 force hypothenuse.. 9 geometry... 9 geometry molecule. • 5 small. 5 small Magellan. 1 exploration. circum¬ navigation cotyledon. ... abscissa. science. disease. science 5 geometry hexameter.... 2 polygon.... 5 six gravitation... • 15 earth. 3 pull meteor. 10 astronomy.. 8 comet galvanic. . heat. physics momentum... time. 9 speed logarithm.... . 3 algebra.... 11 mathematics Cornwallis... . 2 history. 9 revolution calyx. . 2 flowers. 2 flowers protozoon.... . 27 amoeba.... 4 biology polarization.. . bees. 4 physics syntax. . 57 grammar. .. 57 grammar cephalic. science. science distillation... adulteration 20 water proteid. . 32 food. 32 food pollen. . 4 flowers.... 36 flower kinetic. . 11 theory. 11 theory A HIGHER SCALE OF MENTAL MEASUREMENT 8 7 W. H., male, age 16, 4th high school year; total high standard values, first test 1474, second test 1219. 1 st test 2 nd test geography. 10 history 10 history participle.28 verb IS noun Waterloo.46 Napoleon.. 46 Napoleon refraction. 11 reflection... 11 reflection arithmetic. 3 spelling.... 3 spelling botany. 2 biology.... 2 biology isomerism. 4 crystal 4 crystals Portugal.49 Spain 49 Spain amoeba. 3 cell. molecule declension.29 noun 29 noun iburette. 11 pipette 11 pipette physics.36 chemistry.. 36 chemistry hyperbole. 9 parabola... 9 parabola retina.80 eye. cornea coagulation.... boiling. protoplasm Cervantes.25 Spain.42 Don Quixote franchise. 5 suffrage.... 1 freedom subtraction.. ..41 addition.... 41 addition metabolism. predicate. 2 object. 2 object mollusc. 3 fish.16 clam inquisition.... 32 Spain.32 Spain amphibious.... toad.28 frog decimal.38 fraction.... 38 fraction hydraulic.38 water.38 water osmosis. 4 plants.20 membrane percentage.... 8 fraction.... 8 fraction cerebellum.... 16 cerebrum.. 16 cerebrum fractions. 9 decimal.... 13 decimals titration. carbohydrates. 11 starch... duodenum. 2 twelve... cosecant. 12 sine. biology. 6 botany.15 zoology Odyssey.52 Homer.52 Homer vertebrate.15 invertebrate 3 man gravimetric- 12 weight. 1 gravity federal. 7 constitu¬ tional morphology... 3 biology.... hypothenuse... side proteid octavo 12 sine 2 national sleep arm [Magellan.52 straits.52 straits hexameter. 5 six. 4 pentameter meteor.29 star.29 star momentum-17 force. acceleration Cornwallis.... 25 Yorktown. .25 Yorktown protozoon. 2 cell. 3 protoplasm syntax..57 grammar... declension distillation.... 5 evaporation fermentation pollen. 4 fertilization 4 anther peninsula.25 island.25 island binomial. 2 trinomial... 2 trinomial 1 st test crustacean.... 22 crab. Bonaparte. 9 France. meridian. 3 equator- chlorophyll- 5 plants. tetrahedron... poetry. Madagascar... 44 island. corolla.34 flower. ventral. blood. Belgium.10 Brussels... tangent. 10 cotangent.. dorsal. 8 fin. colloid. equator. 8 meridian... judiciary.25 judge. synthesis.39 analysis.... Athens. Homer. epithelium. feudalism. duke. coefficient. 7 exponent... perennial.27 annual. plebeian. 3 aristocrat.. catalytic... embryo. fertilization spectrum. 2 spectroscope continent.28 island. spore.Ii 6 seed. theorem. 3 problem.... Himalaya. Alps. Renaissance... 2 Reformation quotient. predicate... oxidation.13 reduction.. haemoglobin... 84 blood. axiom. 1 rule. Amazon. equator.... isosceles. oblique.... cohesion. separation. protoplasm.... 14 cell. centrifugal.... 27 centripetal. molecule.47 atom. cotyledon. 8 botany. abscissa. 4 mathematics gravitation.... 1 gravity.... galvanic.24 electricity.. logarithm. 11 mathematics calyx..,.41 flower. polarization... 4 physics.... cephalic. proteid. 3 albumen... kinetic. 2 static. 2 nd test 22 crab 9 Waterloo 9 longitude 11 leaf 3 polyhedron 44 island 1 sepal 1 auricle 2 Albert 10 cotangent caudal 1 collodium 8 meridian 2 justice 39 analysis Minerva 1 knighthood 7 exponent 4 biennial 3 aristocrat 3 platinum 10 egg 2 spectroscope 28 island 16 seed 3 problem Alps 2 Reformation 3 dividend 13 reduction 84 blood scholium 6 South America equilateral 27 adhesion 9 amoeba 27 centripetal 47 atom monocoty- ledonous mantissa 1 gravity 7 cell 1 exponent 2 sepal fertilization 1 carbohydrate 2 potential 88 A. J. ROSANOFF, H. E. MARTIN AND I. R. ROSANOFF The question of the influence of the factor of sex in our test has interested us from the beginning and, in making our ar¬ rangements for the collection of material, we endeavored as far as seemed practicable to secure data that might be useful in this connection. These data are summarized in Table 6. In the course of our experience in this work we have come to regard the total high standard value as a more significant and more trustworthy measure of intellectual condition than any of the others made available by the test, i.e., number of common reactions, individuality index, failure index, etc. Of the nineteen groups of subjects represented in Table 6, the male subjects made a better showing in average high standard value in nine, and the female subjects in ten groups; in other words, no difference in this respect is apparent between the sexes. But the other measures revealed a difference in a strikingly consistent way. When a subject is unable to respond to a given stimulus word with a reaction possessing high standard value, he may either respond with a common reaction not possessing such value or with an individual reaction, or he may fail to react. The table shows that in eighteen of the nineteen groups of subjects the males showed a greater tendency than the females to follow the first alternative, i.e., of giving a common reaction possessing no high standard value or an individual reaction, rather than failing to react. Considering the fact that this tendency is shown, in our material, at all ages from nine years up and under various condi¬ tions of amount of education and selection of subjects, it would seem that we are dealing here with a true difference between the sexes in mental constitution. Perhaps this is a manifestation of the relative passivity, conservatism, lack of venturesomeness, and other such traits popularly attributed to the female sex. TABLE 6. Averages. <-m c n o a* ’O u c O rt •O .2 Sb ‘C u Grade in school or amount of education. Sex S co ° S H c rt •p CO X 2 *73 •o ’> « V £ X 52 -^? § s X »s.s < 5th elem. school year ( Male 12 24 7 109.1 0.454 1.183 l Female 13 23.8 125.8 0.320 1.673 6th elem. school year s Male 13 22.9 152.0 0.204 2.055 l Female 12 21.1 1334 0.200 2.166 7th elem. school year s Male 12 34-2 2177 0.317 1.089 l Female 13 257 135-5 0.313 1.519 8th elem. school year Male 13 38.1 337-2 0.218 1.886 { Female 12 37-5 339-3 0.261 1.064 flj bjo 1st high school year 1 Male 13 50.4 5163 0.233 0.624 o 1 Female 12 51.2 423.2 0.205 0.726 o »H 2nd high school year s Male 12 69.1 650.8 0.161 0.239 o X Female 13 66.7 675.1 0.159 0.324 O 1 x 3rd high school year s Male 12 77-0 857-6 0.145 0.113 in X Female 13 71.9 738.8 0.078 0.301 rt n 4th high school year f Male 13 82.2 1081.1 0.081 0.103 'S< 1 Female 12 75-8 820.8 0.086 0.206 Ph ist college year s Male 12 85.3 1201.6 0.061 0.084 1 Female 13 80.3 12594 0.042 0.177 2nd college year s Male 13 85-9 1188.6 0.092 0.040 l Female 12 834 12574 0.075 0.087 3rd college year s Male 12 84.3 1188.9 0.081 0.066 l Female 13 83.3 1344-9 0.101 0.078 4th college year f Male 13 84.8 1091.5 0.116 0.025 l Female 12 85.8 1366.3 0.069 0.044 r 4 elem. school years f Male 13 21.5 1477 0.259 1.867 1 Female 12 19.9 171.1 0.184 2.315 'o O 6 elem. school years f Male 13 28.8 2647 0.222 1.585 u cn 1 Female 12 25.3 221.0 0.195 1.929 Cm O 8 elem. school years s Male 12 36 ^ 305.1 O.284 0.978 3 O l Female 13 27.2 215.8 0.226 1.746 G 4 high school years s Male 6 71.9 932.0 O.084 0.307 l Female 19 74-2 1023.2 0.136 0.378 c n O