THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY NON Cli CHECK FOR NO CIRC Crop Yields From Illinois Soil Experiment Fields in 1930 Together With a General Summary for the Rotation Periods Ending in 1930 By F. C. BAUER UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 370 LOCATION OF THE THIRTY EXPERIMENT FIELDS FROM WHICH RESULTS ARE PRESENTED IN THIS BULLETIN Urbana, Illinois May, 1931 Publications in the Bulletin series report the results of investigations made or sponsored by the Experiment Station Crop Yields From Illinois Soil Experi- f ment Fields in 1930 Together With a General Summary for the Rotation Periods Ending in 1930 By F. C. BAUER, Chief, Soil Experiment Fields A GRICULTURAL SOILS are somewhat like growing and aging Zj\ human beings; their ability to perform that is, to produce ^ )\ crops and their requirements for performance are constantly changing. The rapidity with which these changes take place depends, in a broad sense, on the quality of the materials from which a soil is formed, on the intensity o'f the weathering forces acting upon these materials, and on the care exercised in management and treatment. Soil management and treatment practices properly employed can do much to retard the work of the aging influences and to uncover the latent productivity that may have become obscured by the rapid play of aging factors in the past. No single system of management or treatment, however, can be expected to give the best results on all soils. Neither can an effective system at a particular time be expected to give the best results on a particular soil for all time to come. Sys- tems of management and treatment must be adapted to the widely differing nature, maturity, and changeableness of different soils. In order to test the effectiveness of different systems of soil treat- ment on the yield of farm crops, the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station for a number of years has conducted field investigations in all sections of the state on extensive soil types varying widely in produc- tiveness. Some investigations along this line have been in progress at Urbana since 1876; the first of the present outlying soil experiment fields was established in the fall of 1901. Some of the original fields are still in operation. Some have been abandoned at one time or another for various reasons. During the crop season of 1930 thirty of these fields were in operation. The complete results from all the Illinois soil experiment fields up to and including 1924 were reported in Bulletin 273. Subsequent re- sults have been reported annually in Bulletins 280, 296, 307, 327, and 347. The present bulletin is a continuation of this series. In these publications the crop yields have been presented as a matter of record without comment or discussion. In order, however, to give a better 215 216 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, picture of the results as a whole, a general summary for all rotation periods ending in 1929 was included in Bulletin 347. A similar sum- mary for all rotation periods ending in 1930 is included as Part I of this bulletin. The annual crop yields for 1930 are presented in Part II. In studying the results for 1930 the reader should keep in mind the abnormal seasonal conditions of extremely dry weather and high temperatures that prevailed during the summer months. These condi- tions were especially severe on the corn crop, which was practically a failure on a number of fields. Explanation of Symbols The following symbols are used to denote the soil treatments ap- plied: = No treatment rP = Rock phosphate M = Manure sP = Superphosphate R = Crop residues bP = Bone phosphate Le = Legume catch crop S = Flowers of sulfur L = Limestone NaNO 3 = Sodium nitrate K = Potash N-P-K = Mixed fertilizer KC1 = Muriate of potash ( ) = Tons The crop residues are chiefly cornstalks and sweet clover plowed down as a green manure. In some cases the second crop of clover and other legume residues have also been plowed down. When legumes are used as a catch crop, they are seeded in small grain to be plowed down the following year for succeeding crops. All yields except those in parentheses indicate acre-yields in bush- els ; the yields in parentheses indicate acre-yields in tons. Soil Groups Represented 1 The results reported on pages 233 to 264 are for individual fields arranged alphabetically rather than by location or by soil types. The general character of the soils represented by these fields is indicated by the following classification. The dates given indicate the years in which the various fields were established. Group Location Year No. Description of field established 1 Dark soils with heavy, noncalcareous subsoils Semimature Bloomington 1902 (Aledo 1910 Young JHartsburg 1911 ILaMoille 1910 Minonk 1910 'This classification was prepared by Dr. R. S. Smith, Chief in Soil Physics and in charge of identification and mapping of soil types. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 217 Group Location Year No. Description of field established 2 Dark soils with impervious, calcareous subsoils Young (due to erosion) .................... Joliet 1914 3 Dark soils with noncalcareous subsoils Semimature .............................. Urbana 1876 Young ................................... Kewanee 1915 4 Dark soils with open, noncalcareous subsoils S-*- .............................. {Sr&orris III" Young ................................... McNabb 1907 5 Dark soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils (Carthage 1911 Semimature .............................. i Clayton 1911 [Lebanon 1910 Mature .................................. Carlinville 1910 7 Gray soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils Old (moderately well drained) .............. Newton 1912 Old (poorly drained; slick spots numerous) . . . Odin 1902 ' Raleigh 1910 Toledo 1913 Old (very poorly drained ; slick spots numerous) Sparta 1916 8 Yellow soils with noncalcareous subsoils (Enfield 1912 Mature .................................. jUnionville 1911 [West Salem 1912 9 Brownish yellow soils with open, noncalcareous subsoils Semimature (due to sedimentation and erosion) Springvalley 1915 11 Brownish yellow soils with calcareous subsoils Young ....................... . ........... Antioch 1902 14 Sandy loams and sands Mature .................................. Palestine 1919 Semimature .............................. Oquawka 1915 16 Hilly land Mature.. Elizabethtown 1917 218 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, PART I. SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR SOIL TREATMENTS FOR ROTATION PERIODS ENDING IN 1930 H THE summaries on the following pages the reader can get a clearer conception of the influence of soil treatments upon the Illinois soil experiment fields than he can obtain by studying each field or each year independently. A very condensed form is used. The crop yields for a rotation period have been averaged and con- verted to money values. These money values in turn have been re- duced to an annual acre-basis. For a four-year rotation this procedure condenses 16 different crop yields into one figure. Such figures make it possible to see at a glance the relative effect of any particular treat- ment for the rotation period. The crop prices on which these figures are based are the average after-harvest prices of crops on Illinois farms as reported by the gov- ernment for the periods covered. For the more common crops the prices for the four-year period ending in 1930 were as follows: corn, 69 cents; wheat, $1.10; oats, 37 cents a bushel; mixed hay, $11.50; clover hay, $13.40, and alfalfa hay, $17 a ton. Where deductions were made for the cost of the treatment applied, crop residues were figured as costing 75 cents an acre annually, and the manure, limestone, rock phosphate, and kainit, at 75 cents, $3, $15, and $30 a ton respectively. Under average conditions these prices should cover the cost of application as well as purchase. With these explanations, attention is directed to the facts brought out in the following tables and text. Illinois Soils Vary Widely in Natural Productivity The natural productivity of Illinois soils varies greatly. This is evident from the results obtained from untreated land on the twenty- nine soil experiment fields listed in Table 1. The annual acre-value of the crops grown during the last rotation ranged from $2.15 at Ewing to $38.35 at McNabb, a difference of nearly 1,700 percent. The returns from the other fields are distributed more or less regularly between these two extremes. If these values are correlated with the soil groups listed on pages 216 and 217, some interesting relationships become apparent. The dark-colored soils, for instance, are on the aver- age about five times as productive as the light-colored soils. Among the dark-colored soils those having heavy, noncalcareous subsoils tend to be the most productive and those with impervious, noncalcareous sub- 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 219 TABLE 1. UNTREATED LAND: VALUE OF ALL CROPS GROWN ON UNTREATED PLOTS ON EACH FIELD (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930) Rank Field Value 1 McNabb ..$38.35 2 Aledo 30 . 29 3 LaMoille 28.49 4 Kewanee 27.55 5 Minonk 26.96 6 Springvalley 26 . 53 7 Hartsburg 25 . 38 8 Dixon 25.11 9 Bloomington 22.28 10 Mt. Morris , 22 .06 11 Carthage 21 .43 12 Clayton 20. 11 13 Carlinville 17.71 14 Joliet 16 . 73 15 Lebanon 15.32 16 Antioch 15 . 12 17 Palestine 14.81 18 Oquawka 12.71 19 Oblong 8.86 20 Toledo 7 . 95 21 Enfield 5.42 22 Newton 4 . 75 23 Odin 4 . 74 24 Raleigh 4.43 25 Unionville 4.36 26 Sparta 3 . 72 27 Elizabethtown 3 .06 28 West Salem 2.60 29 Ewing 2.15 soils the least productive. The sandy soils occupy an intermediate po- sition and the old, very poorly drained gray soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils occupy the lowest positions. Manure Gives Good Results In livestock systems of farming the amount of manure that can be produced and returned to the soil depends upon the productiveness of the soil. If manure is composed of 75 percent moisture and 25 percent dry matter, and it is assumed that one-third of the produce grown is sold and two-thirds is fed, and that one-fifth of the manure is lost before it can be returned to the land, then for every pound of produce grown, one pound of manure can be returned to the soil. When manure was applied to the respective experiment fields on this basis, the amounts returned, where no supplementary treatments were used, ranged from about 1/4 ton an acre at Elizabethtown and Sparta to 3% tons at LaMoille, as may be seen from an inspection of Table 2. 220 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 2. MANURE: AMOUNTS APPLIED TO SOIL IN THREE SYSTEMS OF LIVESTOCK FARMING AND RETURNS FROM IT WHERE USED ALONE (For rotation periods ending in 1930) Amounts applied annually per acre Value when used alone Rank Fields With With lime- Annual Alone limestone stone and Ton acre phosphate value value tons tons tons 1 Oquawka 1.17 2.01 2.00 $8.81 $10.31 2 Clayton . 2.37 3.00 3.07 3.98 9.43 3 Dixon . 2.78 3.13 3.18 3.12 8.70 4 Kewanee . 2.95 3.04 3.17 2.80 8.25 5 Spf ingvalley . 2.67 2.85 3.10 3.01 8.05 6 Aledo 3.56 3.87 3.87 2.24 7.99 7 LaMoille 3.76 3.81 3.77 2.02 7.58 8 Carthage 2.60 3.07 3.24 2.73 7.11 9 Mt. Morris . 2.84 3.37 3.28 2.35 6.68 10 Carlinville . 2.38 3.00 3.09 2.64 6.29 11 Lebanon . 2.19 2.68 2.67 2.77 6.06 12 West Salem 1.03i 1.29 1.46 5.87 1 6.05i 13 Minonk 3.59 3.49 3.52 1.36 4.87 14 Joliet 2.10 2.40 2.71 2.31 4.84 15 Raleigh 1.00 2.00 2.17 4.53 4.53 16 Oblong 1.22 2.27 2.39 3.67 4.48 17 Newton .98 2.04 2.14 4.55 4.46 18 Toledo 1.01 2.22 2.13 4.08 4.12 19 Hartsburg . 3.26 3.48 3.51 1.26 4.11 20 Elizabethtown .78 1.57 1.96 4.83 3.77 21 Enfield .83 1.83 2.05 3.99 3.31 22 Ewing .84 2.23 2.41 3.50 2.94 23 McNabb 3.35 .88 2.94 24 Palestine 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.93 2.34 25 Sparta .78 1.64 1.66 2.97 2.32 26 Unionville .81 1.25 1.28 1.75 1.42 limestone applied by mistake. With supplementary treatments consisting of either limestone, or lime- stone and phosphate, the amount of manure returned to the soil on each field was increased, but the extremes in range of amounts ap- plied was not greatly different from what it was when no supple- mentary treatments were used. The application of manure in the manner described increased the crop yields on all fields. Rather marked variations occurred, however, in the size of the increases on the respective fields. The value of the crop increases from manure where manure was used alone ranged from $1.42 an acre annually at Unionville, on a yellow soil with noncal- careous subsoil, to $10.31 at Oquawka, on a semimature sand soil. In a similar manner the ton- value of the manure applied ranged from 88 cents at McNabb on a young, dark soil with an open, noncalcareous subsoil, to $8.81 at Oquawka. These data reveal a tendency for the smaller applications to give the higher ton-values. This is not always 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 221 true, however, as may be seen from a comparison of the results from the Elizabethtown and Unionville fields. At Elizabethtown an applica- tion of about Y ton an acre was worth $4.84 a ton, while at Unionville approximately the same amount of manure was worth only $1.75 a ton. In a similar manner 2.37 tons at Clayton were worth $3.90 a ton, but 2.10 tons at Joliet were worth only $2.31 a ton. These results indicate that some soils are more highly responsive to manure than others and that this difference in responsiveness exists both in the highly productive and in the less productive soils. Crop Residues Have High Value on Some Soils On farms where little or no livestock is fed, there usually is pro- duced more or less crop-residue material that may be used for soil im- TABLE 3. CROP RESIDUES: CROP INCREASES AND VALUES OF INCREASES RE- SULTING FROM PLOWING DOWN CROP RESIDUES IN ABSENCE OF OTHER SOIL TREATMENT (Figures represent average annual acre-increases and average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930) Rank Fields Increases Value of crop increases Corn Wheat Grain crops All crops only $7.63 6.76 5.57 3.86 3.74 2.96 2.74 3.59 2.62 2.02 1.63 02 .65 ,72 01 4.08 1.18 1.65 1.18 .97 1.05 .80 .70 .09 .90 - .06 2.62 -1.66 $8.66 7.28 6.35 3.98 3.77 96 49 18 78 1.71 1.60 1.59 bu. bit. 1 Bloomington... 12.2 9.8 2 Hartsburg 16.6 3.7 3 Minonk 11.7 4.1 4 LaMoille 7.7 2.8 5 Lebanon 11.2 .3 6 Aledo 5.8 2.8 7 West Salem 5.8 3.2 8 Antioch 3.5 6.7 9 Toledo 4.0 1.8 10 Odin 3.2 1.5 11 Oblong 3.4 2.6 12 Mt. Morris 10.6 .8 13 Oquawka 3.7 1.3 14 Springvalley 11.0 2.3 15 Clayton 10.0 4.5 16 Carthage 13.9 2.1 17 Elizabethtown 4.3 .3 18 Dixon 3.5 1.6 19 Sparta 2.9 - .2 20 Joliet 2.4 1.0 21 Raleigh 3.1 1.0 22 Newton 1.6 1.1 23 Enfield 2.2 .7 24 Carlinville 7 1.0 25 Unionville 1.5 - .2 26 Ewing .4 27 Kewanee 7.7 4.5 28 McNabb.. -3.9 -1.0 1.54 1.38 1.37 1.24 1.20 1.10 1.01 .82 .80 .75 .51 .38 .38 - .02 -1.94 -3.90 222 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, provement purposes. Cropping systems are easily devised in which the amount of such material available for soil improvement can be greatly increased. The value of such material, as utilized on the soil experiment fields, is shown by the data in Table 3. This material has consisted chiefly of cornstalks, green-manure sweet clover, second- crop red clover and soybean chaff, grown upon the land and plowed down in the absence of other soil treatments. In the early years the grain straws were also returned. This system of soil improvement may be rather effective on some soils and less effective on others, judging from the results shown in the last column of this table. The best results have been obtained on those fields where clover, and especially sweet clover, will grow without the application of limestone; these fields have dark soils with heavy, noncalcareous subsoils. The poorest results on the whole were obtained on the less productive soils, where legumes grow poorly, if at all, without the application of limestone. Some of the dark-colored soils that will not grow sweet clover without limestone, but which will grow good red clover, such as the Kewanee field, do not show high returns for the crop-residues system. This is due not to the fact that the system has no worth on such soils, but to the fact that in making the comparisons only one clover-hay crop is removed from the residues plot and two are removed from the check plot. This makes it difficult to measure the effects of crop resi- dues on those fields where red clover is grown both as hay and as a residues crop. If the residues system has worth on such soils, it should be reflected in grain yields. The fact that the Kewanee field shows increased grain yields in the residues system indicates that the system does have worth on that field. Limestone Important for Many Illinois Soils On most soil experiment fields 4 tons of limestone an acre were applied when the field was established, in addition to either manure or crop residues. Subsequent applications were made at the rate of 2 tons an acre each four years thereafter until 1923, when all appli- cations were discontinued. The total amount applied to the respective fields ranges from 4 to 10 tons an acre depending upon the age of the field. On most fields a total of 81/2 tons an acre has been applied, which is equivalent to about 800 pounds a year. It will be noted from Table 4 that in both the manure and the crop residues systems of farming there is a very wide range in the response of the various soils to applications of limestone. It is ap- 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 223 TABLE 4. LIMESTONE: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM LIME- STONE WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO MANURE OR CROP RESIDUES (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Values Rank Fields Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Ewing $16 22 32 99 21 23 13 84 85 44 30 54 45 17 97 82 07 05 72 56 50 12 08 25 06 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Aledo $11 94 83 78 78 15 01 24 16 25 89 84 54 19 15 13 98 76 30 67 60 26 39 72 32 43 58 55 28 Enfield n Lebanon 10 Newton . 11 Clayton 10 Oquawka 11 Enfield .- ...10 Raleigh 10 Ewing 10 Toledo 10 Sparta . . 10 Sparta 9 Oquawka 9 Carlinville 8 Newton 9 Elizabethtown 8 Mt. Morris . 8 Oblong 8 Toledo ... 7 West Salem 7 Elizabethtown ... 7 Unionville 6 Carthage ... 7 Lebanon 6 Palestine ... 7 Clayton 5 West Salem ... 7 Hartsburg s Carlinville . 7 Joliet s Unionville ... 6 Carthage s Raleigh ... 6 Mt. Morris 4 LaMoille ... 6 Aledo 4 Bloomington ... 5 Kewanee 3 Odin ... 5 LaMoille 7 Dixon . . 5 Dixon ? Oblong ... 4 Springvalley 1 Kewanee ... 3 Minonk Joliet ... 3 Springvalley ... 2 Hartsburg ... 1 Antioch Minonk parent that some soils are in great need of limestone, while others as yet have not developed a need for it. Such results emphasize the fact that a definite soil-testing program is needed on every farm. Single Application of Limestone Has Lasting Effects When the West Salem field was established in 1912, 4 tons of limestone an acre was applied to each of three plots that were origi- nally designed for crop production without limestone. One of these plots was a check plot which has never received any other kind of treatment; another was a plot designed to receive manure alone, and the third a plot that was designed to receive crop residues only. Aside from the original application of limestone made in 1912, these plots have been continued as originally planned. Similar plots receiving regular applications of limestone were maintained alongside the above plots and continued under the original plan until 1923, when appli- cations of limestone were temporarily discontinued. 224 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, The results obtained from all these plots are of considerable in- terest in connection with the lasting effects of a single application and the time that may be allowed to elapse before subsequent applications are made. The results obtained in these experiments are recorded in Table 5. TABLE 5. LASTING EFFECT OF A SINGLE APPLICATION OF LIME- STONE AND COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFECTS OF SINGLE AND REPEATED APPLICATIONS 1 Year Value of crop in- creases 2 resulting from single application of limestone in 1912 Value of crop increases 2 from repeated applications of limestone over those from single application Livestock system Grain system 1913 . $ .57 $ .74 .56 .25 .40 - .08 - .09 .10 .60 1.06 1.74 2.11 3.88 4.24 5.18 5.93 5.60 4.36 4.19 $- .11 - .12 .04 .13 .40 .53 .91 .55 1.29 1.86 1.79 4.71 6.83 5.71 5.90 6.74 5.26 4.18 1914 71 1915 91 1916 2 . 20 1917 2 . 10 1918 2.91 1919 3.31 1920 3.37 1921 3.80 1922 3.81 1923 3 . 74 1924 3 56 1925 3 . 60 1926 2.87 1927 2.28 1928 2.12 1929 2.25 1930 2.01 J No limestone applied since 1923. 2 Prices used in figuring crop increases were: corn, 50 cents; oats, 30 cents; wheat, $1; soybeans, $1 a bushel; and hay, $10 a ton. The influence of the single application of limestone increased each year until the tenth year, after which it began to decline. After eight- een years the influence of this single application is still evident. The repeated applications in both the manure system and the grain system showed little superiority over the single application until about the eighth year, since which time they have given much better results than the single application. These data suggest that the second application of limestone on soils of this character might be delayed until about eight years after the initial application. The lessened effect of the single limestone applica- tion during the past few years suggests that another application might now be made with profit. 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 225 Not All Soils Are Deficient in Phosphorus On most Illinois experiment fields 1 ton of rock phosphate an acre was applied at the beginning and 1 ton every four years thereafter until a total of 4 tons was reached, after which no further applications were made. On some fields bone phosphate was applied at the annual rate of 200 pounds an acre until a total of 4,800 pounds was reached. In- cluding all the years of the experiments, rock phosphate has been applied at the annual acre-rate of about 430 pounds and bone phos- phate at the rate of 150 pounds. The results obtained from the use of phosphates during the past rotation period are recorded in Table 6, In general, better results for the phosphate were obtained in the crop-residues system than in the manure system, probably because the manure functioned to some extent as a source of phosphorus. In both TABLE 6. PHOSPHATE: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM PHOSPHATE WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO LIMESTONE AND MANURE OR LIMESTONE AND CROP RESIDUES (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Values Rank Fields Values 1 Elizabethtown ..$5.41 1 Bloomington .$14 10 2 Joliet . . 4.83 2 Joliet . . 8 51 3 Newton . . 2.67 3 Elizabethtown 7 29 4 Kewanee . . 2 66 4 Antioch 6 46 1 5 Carthage . . 2 62 5 West Salem 4 27 6 Springvalley . . 2.46 6 Kewanee . . 3 86 7 West Salem . . 2 42 7 Palestine 3 15 8 Enfield 2 07 8 Oblong 2 98 9 Carlinville . . 1.77 9 McNabb . . 2 92 10 Ewing . . 1 . 38 10 Carthage 2 57 11 Lebanon . . 1 33 11 Newton . . . 2 06 12 Oblong . . 1 29 12 Raleigh 1 93 13 Clayton . . 1 11 13 Unionville 1 85 14 Mt. Morris . 1 08 14 Lebanon 1 79 15 Oquawka 97 15 Carlinville 1 76 16 Toledo 89 16 Hartsburg 1 67 17 Palestine ... 59 17 Ewing 1 38 18 Aledo 53 18 Mt Morris 1 04 19 Dixon .. .46 19 Oquawka. .. 1 01 20 Unionville 40 20 Clayton . . . . . . 94 21 Sparta .. .22 21 Aledo 92 22 Raleigh .. .12 22 Enfield 76 23 McNabb .- 28 23 Dixon 73 24 Hartsburg .- 43 24 LaMoille 68 25 LaMoille . - 84 25 Odin 59 1 26 Minonk ..-93 26 Minonk 06 27 Toledo .. -.39 28 Sparta .. -.79 29 Springvalley ..-1.30 1 Bone phosphate; all other fields rock phosphate. 226 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, systems there are a number of fields that have given little or no re- sponse to phosphorus, probably because the soil has not yet become deficient in available phosphorus or because some other deficiency is of more importance than the phosphorus deficiency. These results indicate the desirability of testing the soil for avail- able phosphorus, as described in Bulletin 337 of this Station, before making plans to use phosphate fertilizers extensively. Supplementary Treatments Affect Carriers of Phosphorus Five experiment fields were modified in 1924 so as to give infor- mation concerning the relative value and behavior of several carriers of phosphorus under various ' conditions. The results recorded in Table 7 indicate that rock phosphate was more effective than super- phosphate when both carriers were applied in the absence of lime- stone. When applied in addition to heavy applications of limestone, there was not a great deal of difference between these carriers, but whatever advantages existed were in favor of superphosphate. TABLE 7. PHOSPHATE: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM VARIOUS CARRIERS OF PHOSPHORUS WHEN USED WITH LIMESTONE AND WITHOUT LIMESTONE 1 (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930) Phosphate treatment Basal treat- ment Hartsburg (response to lime- stone slight) Dixon (response to lime- stone fair) Aledo (response to lime- stone medium) Raleigh (response to lime- stone high) Toledo (response to lime- stone very high) Rock phosphate Limestone applied None M $2.38 $1.03 $1.48 $2 . 23 $3.59 None R 2.15 3 18 2 53 3.22 2.28 Light 2 RL -1.48 4.17 2.77 5.36 1.16 Heavy 2 RL 1.67 .73 .92 1.93 - .39 No limestone Rock phosphate. . R 2.15 3.18 2.53 3.22 2.28 Superphosphate. . R .33 .63 .48 1.26 - .55 Heavy limestone 2 Rock phosphate. . RL 1.67 .73 .92 1.93 - .39 Superphosphate . . RL 2.02 .39 1.00 3.92 1.88 Bone phosphate. . ML .39 .50 .65 2.13 .34 'These experiments were established in 1924. The phosphate applications were all new at that time with the exception of the rock phosphate applied with heavy applications of limestone. This phosphate was first applied when the fields were established. 2 The heavy applications of limestone range from 8 to 10 tons an acre and the light from 2 to 4 tons an acre. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 227 The smallest crop increases for rock phosphate were obtained where heavy applications of limestone were made and in general the best results were obtained where light applications of limestone were made. Some relationship between soil acidity, or response to lime- stone, and the effectiveness of rock phosphate is thus suggested. Whether large amounts of limestone exert an inhibiting effect on the availability of the phosphorus or whether, when used in connection with legumes, limestone increases the availability of the phosphates naturally present in the soil is not entirely clear. This is a matter need- ing more detailed study. Potash Important on Some Soils The potash used in these experiments was applied at the annual acre-rate of 200 pounds of kainit or 100 pounds of potassium sulfate or potassium chlorid ahead of corn and wheat. The more productive soils have given little or no response to potash, TABLE 8. POTASH: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM PoTAsn 1 WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO CROP RESIDUES, LIMESTONE, AND PHOSPHATE (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930) Rank Fields Values 1 Ewing $9.22 2 Toledo 6.95 3 Enfield 5.84 4 Newton 5.13 5 Bloomington 4.86 2 6 Oblong 4.41 7 Odin 4.37 2 8 Raleigh 4.33 9 Clayton 4.13 10 West Salem 4.02 11 Springvalley 4.01 12 Joliet 3.99 13 Sparta 3.97 14 Carthage 3.66 15 Carlinville 3.48 16 Unionville 3.37 17 Elizabethtown 2.22 18 Aledo 1.97 19 Mt. Morris 1.90 20 Lebanon 1.85 21 Kewanee 1.82 22 Palestine 1.72 3 23 Dixon 1.57 24 Oquawka 1.09 25 Antioch - .06 2 26 LaMoille - .06 27 Hartsburg - .39 28 Minonk -1.40 1 Chiefly kainit. 2 Potassium sulfate. 'Potassium chlorid. 228 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, the less productive soils, the best responses (Table 8). At Minonk, where the soil is dark, with a heavy, noncalcareous subsoil, potash was applied at a loss. At Ewing, where the soil is gray and has an im- pervious, noncalcareous subsoil, potash produced crop increases worth $9.22 an acre annually. A careful study of all the experimental data indicates that the favorable results for potash may have been influenced in part by the accompanying treatments. The limestone-sweet-clover treatment es- pecially seems to have increased the effectiveness of the potash. Net Value of Crop Increases Varies Widely In the livestock systems of farming the naturally less productive soils have tended to give the largest net acre-returns for the various systems of soil treatment (Table 9). In the grain systems of farm- TABLE 9. NET VALUE OF INCREASES FROM MOST EFFECTIVE SYS- TEMS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON EACH FIELD (Figures represent annual acre-values of crop increases for rotation periods ending in 1930 after deducting cost of treatment) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Treat- ment Values Rank Fields Treat- ment Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Oquawka . . . ML $18 16 14 13 12 11 11 11 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 j 5 5 5 2 75 16 05 97 06 86 57 29 21 69 84 58 90 63 99 76 58 54 21 06 05 86 64 56 18 43 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Bloomington. . . Aledo RLbPK $15. RL 12. RLrPK 12. RL 12. RLrP 10. RL 10. RLrPK 9. RLrPK 9. RLrPK 9. RL 8. RL 8. RL 8. RLrPK 8. RLrPK 7 . RL 7. RLbP 7. RLrPK 6. RL 6. RL 5. RLrPK 5 . RL 5. R 5. RL 5. RLrPK 5 . RLrPK Le 5 . RL 4 RLrP 2 . RL 1. 29 86 70 53 69 11 55 47 33 92 77 24 19 82 80 19 88 85 94 75 63 60 32 19 12 41 03 86 Ewing . ML Newton ML Ewing ... Enfield ML Lebanon Raleigh . . ML Elizabethtown.. Clayton Clayton . . ML Carlinville .... . . ML Enfield Elizabethtown. West Salem . . . Toledo . . MLrP . . ML ML West Salem .... Newton Sparta Oblong ML Oquawka . ... Sparta ML LaMoille . . . Lebanon ML Toledo Carthage ML Joliet . . . Kewanee . . ML Mt. Morris .... Antioch Aledo . . ML Mt. Morris. . . . . ML Carthage Joliet . . MLrP Hartsburg Dixon .... . ML Carlinville Raleigh Odin Hartsburg. . . . . ML Springvalley . . Palestine . ML . ML L( Minonk Unionville .... . . ML Unionville Oblong LaMoille . ML Minonk . . . . M Palestine McNabb . M Dixon Kewanee Springvalley. . . McNabb 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 229 ing such a relationship is not so apparent, some of the most produc- tive fields having given the highest net acre-responses. On the other hand, some of the more productive soils have given little or no net response for any system of soil treatment tried. On the young, dark soil at McNabb, for instance, in the grain system of farming, the check plot gave the highest net returns and in the livestock system manure without other fertilizer returned a net acre-increase of only 43 cents. On a large number of the fields livestock systems of soil treatment have given larger net acre-responses than grain systems. A few of the more productive soils have given much better responses to the grain systems than to the livestock systems. From the farmer's point of view, however, the net value of crop increases is not of so great interest as the total value of the total crop TABLE 10 NET VALUE OF TOTAL CROPS FROM MOST EFFECTIVE SYSTEMS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON EACH FIELD (Figures represent total annual acre-values for rotation periods ending in 1930 after deducting cost of treatment) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Treat- ment Values i Rank Fields Treat- ment Values 1 McNabb . 2 Aledo... 3 Kewanee . LaMoille . Dixon . . 4 5 6 Springvalley .... 7 Minonk 8 Mt. Morris 9 Clayton 10 Oquawka 11 Carthage 12 Hartsburg 13 Carlinville 14 Joliet 15 Lebanon 16 Palestine 17 Enfield 18 Oblong 19 Newton 20 Toledo 21 Ewing 22 Raleigh 23 Elizabethtown. . . 24 Sparta 25 West Salem 26 Unionville . . M ML ML ML ML ML M ML ML ML ML ML ML MLrP ML $38.78 38.37 35.76 35.53 32.23 31.72 31.02 30.92 30.88 30.27 30.09 30.04 27.85 24.13 21.87 MLLe 20.67 ML ML ML ML ML ML MLrP ML ML ML 18.59 18.16 18.09 18.04 18.00 15.71 14.35 13.85 13.81 10.33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Aledo McNabb LaMoille Bloomington. . Minonk Hartsburg. . . . Clayton Dixon Mt. Morris . . . Kewanee Springvalley. . Carthage Lebanon Oquawka Joliet. Carlinville. . . . Antioch Palestine Toledo Ewing Oblong Enfield Newton Elizabethtown Sparta West Salem... Odin Raleigh Unionville. . . . RL RL RLbPK R RL RL RL RL RLrP RL RLrPK RL RL RLrPK RL LbP LeLrP KC1 RLrPK RLrPK RLrPK RLrPK RLrPK RLrP RL RLrPK RL RLrPK RL $43.30 38.35 37.95 37.57 33.01 31.42 30.49 30.27 29.98 29.80 29.80 28.15 27.76 26.63 24.38 23.73 22.45 19.93 15.54 15.17 14.71 14.67 14.56 13.75 12.30 12.07 10.38 10.35 9.52 230 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, with the cost of treatment deducted. The importance of viewing the data from this standpoint is brought out in Table 10 (page 229) and the following discussion concerning that table. Net Value of Total Yields the Important Consideration Ranked by net value of total crops, the Illinois experiment fields fall into quite different order than when arranged by net value of crop increases. Even tho the net value of the crop increases for soil treatment may be considerably greater on the less productive soils than on the more productive soils, the net value of the total crops pro- duced on the more productive fields is of course much greater. This value for the Aledo field is $43.30 an acre while at Unionville it is only $9.52 (Table 10). The Aledo field is located on a young, dark soil with a heavy, noncalcareous subsoil, while the Unionville field is located on a mature yellow soil. It is thus easy to see that from the farm point of view the total acre-production is of much greater importance than the increase that can be obtained from any particular soil treatment. Some soils, it is obvious from Table 10, will challenge the most skilful farmer. Changes have been instituted on certain of the Illinois fields in an attempt to ascertain whether other crop rotations or other systems of soil treatment than those already tried will make possible a larger net total production. The Important Systems of Treatment on the Illinois Soil Experiment Fields In Table 11 will be found a condensed summary of the data pre- sented in Tables 9 and 10, the fields being ranked according to the net value of the crop increases from the treatments and according to the net value of the total yields whether obtained in the livestock or the grain systems of farming. An interesting fact about these data is that all systems of treat- ment are represented by one or more fields. On some fields the simplest systems have been the most effective ; on others the most com- plicated systems have given the best results. On the gray, yellow, sandy, hilly, and less productive dark soils, the livestock systems were generally of more value than the grain systems, while on some of the more productive dark soils, such as those represented by the Aledo, LaMoille, Hartsburg, and Minonk fields, the grain systems were the most effective. The net annual acre- value of the crop increases resulting from the 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 231 TABLE 11. SUMMARY OF CROP VALUES FOR SYSTEMS OF SOIL TREAT- MENT GIVING LARGEST NET ACRE-RESULTS CONSIDERING BOTH LIVESTOCK AND GRAIN SYSTEMS OF FARMING (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1930 after deducting cost of treatment) Net value of crop increases Rank Fields Values Net value of total crops Rank Fields Values 1 Oquawka ML $18.75 2 Ewing ML 16.16 3 Bloomington RLbPKIS . 29 4 Newton ML 14.05 5 Enfield ML 13.97 6 Aledo RL 12.86 7 Lebanon RL 12.53 8 Raleigh ML 12.06 9 Clayton ML 11.86 10 Carlinville ML 11.57 11 Elizabethtown... MLrP 11.29 12 West Salem ML 11.21 13 Toledo ML 10.69 14 Oblong ML 9.84 15 Sparta ML 9.58 16 Carthage ML 8.63 17 LaMoille RL 8.24 18 Kawanee ML 7.99 19 Joliet RLrPK 7.82 20 Mt. Morris RL 7.80 21 Dixon ML 7.21 22 Antioch RLbP 7 . 19 23 Minonk RL 7.18 24 Hartsburg RL 6.85 25 Springvalley.... ML 6.05 26 Palestine MLLe 5.86 27 Unionville ML 5.64 28 Odin RL 5 . 63 29 McNabb.. M .43 1 Aledo RL $43.30 2 McNabb M 38.78 3 LaMoille RL 37.95 4 Bloomington RLbPK37.57 5 Kewanee ML 35 . 76 6 Minonk R 33.76 7 Dixon ML 32.23 8 Springvalley ML 31.72 9 Hartsburg RL 31.42 10 Mt. Morris ML 30.92 11 Clayton ML 30.88 12 Oquawka ML 30.27 13 Carthage ML 30 .09 14 Carlinville....... ML 27.85 15 Lebanon RL 27.76 16 Joliet RLrPK24.38 17 Antioch LbP 22.45 18 Palestine ML Le 20 . 67 19 Enfield ML 18.59 20 Oblong ML 18.16 21 Newton ML 18.09 22 Toledo ML 18.04 23 Ewing ML 18.00 24 Raleigh ML 15.71 25 Elizabethtown... MLrP 14.35 26 Sparta ML 13.85 27 West Salem ML 13.81 28 Odin RL 10.38 29 Unionville.. ML 10.33 respective systems of treatment ranged from $18.75 at Oquawka to 43 cents at McNabb. The largest increases were obtained mostly from the naturally less productive fields, and the smallest increases from the more productive fields. There are, however, some exceptions to this generalization, as is indicated by the results from the Odin and Union- ville fields on the one hand and the Bloomington and Aledo fields on the other. Apparently the ability of a soil to respond to systems of soil treatment is not always related to its natural level of productive- ness. Several factors acting separately or in combination may be men- tioned that probably explain these differences. Previous to their use for experimental purposes, some of these fields doubtless had been more depleted than others of their plant- food materials by faulty farm practices; in some soils of the same general type the minerals are in 232 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, more available form or present in somewhat different proportions than in others, and on some soils weathering factors have played a more important part than on others. The range in total crop values for the most effective treatments, after deducting the cost of the treatment, is not so great proportion- ately as the range in net increases, the extremes being $43.30 an acre at Aledo and $10.33 at Unionville. From the farmer's point of view, however, these figures are of more importance than the value of the increases. It would be much more difficult for a farmer to meet his expenses and derive profit from $10.33 an acre than it would from $43.30 an acre. Soils low in natural productivity and low in response to treatment will require the most careful management. The fact that no one system of soil treatment will give the best results on all soils is again emphasized by these results. A study of these fields by rotation periods (data not presented here) reveals further that the most effective system for any particular field changes from time to time, tending to go from the simpler to the more com- plex. A clear lesson from these data is that farmers must be con- stantly on the alert if they are to make the most economic use of their soils. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 PART II. CROP YIELDS FOR 1930 233 Here are presented, without further discussion, the crop yields from all Illinois experiment fields under operation in 1930. The fields, with minor exceptions that are duly noted, are arranged in alphabetical order. The reader is again reminded that yields were greatly handicapped in 1930 by the extremely dry weather and high temperatures that pre- vailed during the summer months. The corn crop was practically a failure on a number of fields. TABLE 12. ALEDO FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 First- year corn Series 200 Series 300 Series 400 Second- year corn Stubble Wheat clover (sw. cl.) Oats Stubble clover (hubam) WEST HALF 1 .... 47 .2 32 65 ( ) 50.6 2 M .... 61 36 3 78 ,1 (0 ) 66.2 3 ML .... 66 6 44 3 84 .1 (1.18) 70.8 4 MLrP .... 65 6 44 .7 84 ,4 (1.20) 69.0 5 0.. 36 6 30 .7 60 6 ( ) 59.4 6 R .... 48 ,8 32 ,8 ( ) 69 .4 ( ) 57.2 7 RL 62 4 44 ,3 (1 .43) 76 6 (1.18) 61.8 8 RLrP .... 70 .0 48 (1 .64) 77 .5 (1.21) 60.4 9 RLrPK.. 69 .2 49 (1 .23) 78 .1 (1.40) 66.2 10 .... 45 .0 32 .5 68 .8 ( ) 49.2 EAST HALF 1 RL .... 59 6 35 .5 ( -60) 66 ,2 ( -62) 64 2 MrP 61 2 40 3 81. 9 ( ) 66 2 3 MLbP .... 64. 6 47. 2 84. 4 (1-28) 70. 6 4 MLrP .... 71. 8 47, ,7 84 7 (1-20) 67 8 5 RsP.. 57, 2 36 .7 ( ) 71 9 ( ) 50 4 6 RrP .... 58 8 37 .7 ( ) 72 .5 ( o ) 62 7 RLsP .... 73 ,2 46 .3 (1.88) 80 .0 (1-14) 68 8 RLrP .... 75 4 48 .5 d-54) 81 .2 (1.15) 63 9 RLrPK . . 71 .8 50 .0 (1.25) 83 .8 (1.20) 68 ,4 10 RLrP .... 59 .0 39 .3 (1.08) 69 .7 ( .98) 59 2 234 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 13. ALEDO FIELD: PHOSPHORUS EXPERIMENT Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Series 500 Serial Series 600 plot No. Soil treatment Wheat Stubble clover (sw. cl.) Soil treatment Wheat Stubble clover (sw. cl.) 1 R 33.8 43.0 44.6 39.0 ( ) (1.26) (1.26) ( .89) R. . 34.6 42.1 43.8 41.7 ( ) (1.02) (1.29) (1.00) 2 RbP RsP 3 RLbP RLsP 4 RL RL Series 700 Series 800 Soil treatment Wheat Stubble clover (sw. cl.) Soil treatment Wheat Stubble clover (sw. cl.) 1 R 35.8 41.2 43.8 42.1 (0 ) (1.13) (1.49) (1.29) R 34.7 42.9 43.8 39.6 ( ) (1.17) (1.22) (1.30) 2 RrP R, slag P 3 RLrP RL, slag P 4 RL RL TABLE 14. ANTIOCH FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat ?| ot Soil treatment JNo. Wheat Plot No. Soil treatment Wheat 101 21.7 106 LRbP.. . . . 45 . 8 102 LrP . . 45 . 8 107 LRK ... 25.0 103 LRrP .. 52 5 108 LKbP . . . 43 . 7 104 LbP .. 47 5 109 LRKbP . . . 42 . 7 105 LKrP . . 45 . 3 110 LKbP . . . 42 . 7 TABLE 15. BLOOMINGTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat Plot No. NORTH HALF SOUTH HALF Soil treatment Clover- alfalfa Soil treatment Clover- alfalfa 101 R (1.79) 102 RLbP (3.62) 103 RLrP (2.55) 104 RLbP (2.53) 105 RLKrP (2.35) 106 RLbP.. (2.32) 107 RLKrP (2.39) 108 RLKbP (2.82) 109 RLKbP (3.04) 110 RKbP (2.36) 111 RrP (2.15) ( .82) RL (1.20) RLsP (1.30) RLbP (2.78) RLKsP (2.29) RLbP -. (2.51) RLKsP (2.65) RLKbP (2.94) RLKbP (3.15) RKbP (2.20) RsP (1.96) 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 235 TABLE 16. CARLINVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Wheat Series 200 Clover- alfalfa Series 300 Corn Series 400 Oats 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 .5 .7 .2 .4 .3 .9 8 .8 .0 .5 ( (1 (2 ( (1 (1 (2 (1 .61) ,87) .95) .24) .81) .91) .58) .89) .37) .05) 18. 31, 30 35, 30 32 30 27 31 30 ,8 1 6 ,7 1 ,3 .3 .9 .8 40. 59. 78. 79 47, 46 60 71 76 57 6 8 4 3 ,2 .5 .6 .1 .0 M 17 ML 33 MLrP 31 0.. 12 R 12 RL 25 RLrP 28 RLrPK . . 28 7 TABLE 17 CARLINVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 500 Corn Series 600 Wheat 1 MLrPK.. 28 4 36 3 2 MLrPK, 9-27-9 41.8 44 2 3 MLrPK, 0-21-9 48 8 37 2 4 MLrPK 36 6 37 3 5 MLrPK, 9-27-9 43 8 36 8 6 MLrPK, 0-21-9 30 36 7 MLrPK 33.8 34.7 Note. In the beginning, Series 500 and 600 were left unplotted. A rotation of wheat and red clover was planned for one of these series for a period of six years, while alfalfa grew on the other for an equal time, after which the alfalfa was to be shifted. Prior to 1921 these plots had each received a total of 12 tons of manure, 8J^ tons of limestone, 3 tons of rock phosphate, and approximately 2,500 pounds of kainit an acre. In 1921 these two series were plotted and, until 1929, were cropped somewhat irregularly without additional fertilization. In 1929 a rotation of corn and wheat (sweet clover) was planned. Fertilizers are being applied as follows: commer- cial 9-27-9 to Plots 2 and 5, 100 pounds an acre for corn and 150 pounds an acre for wheat; commercial 0-21-9 to Plots 3 and 6, 125 pounds an acre for corn, and 200 pounds an acre for wheat. (See page 238 for Table 18) 236 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, w > 0-2 5 I I u Q.2 SHI'S U . . -u c ~ en .2 nj o a ,*_) en o en o rt v- O 9J P3 -C CO o. G <*- . rt ~^ c to ;; C s U vO ro ro O 10 < i OO Tf fO "5 CS CS CS ' >OOCNIO 'O' i *- ' i i cs es cscs OO O O* I CSCS cs TH cs cs cs cs ^-c cs -~ r * oo 00 OO O <^5 O J OO~-< i>- O f5 O O cs O * cT^ : : W :Jjj j 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 237 2& c ri Q +1fc Kg S S e K a X D - -H CM CN O t>- O CN O OO CN " O O *-M C U, *- .2 rt Srs 43 c/3 n *-> r P-J ON O NOPOOON 1 1/5 fc" 1 ^2 2 u rt c i- $ CMPOPOTr csporfpo POPO j< * a^'o 2 Sy^ _) - c rt c O O _ i- 3 3 g^lS : 'HIS 4 c^ m |^ NO ^H CM to T^ NO NO CM CM NO ll *aa 1 1-ss <-> &CCM as j>; >, a a^ . to OO NO CM ON O O *~t NO to 3 Sf JdfiSS 3 U, ^ H e u rt s 111! ; *1 CM CM NO IO ON to CM to ^ OO ^> 8 8 J& "o-^ fi^H^ 8a S-SJ^ 8*3 ^2 o a-oi^ 2 NO * I IO CM -< CM 1 CM ONOO \ d . ^ -^-S ^ Ii8- c^ -S U5 4-> ctf o I Si? *8JS ^13 eg gS a s s^co rt-g a !5 a s.2 3 S ^S|5tfs tOCMCMPO ONOOIOCM OPC Section A Basal treatment only 8 po to _aj 1 NO OO O NO ^* NO CM ON to NO lliiliil ^2' t{ -5 6 ? T3ge$rtrt-MVH 3 jD aj v rt o 8l|l|Ij " u e a "'rt'O O'^g^j.gc^ tOPOOO TftONONO t^. 1/5 POIONONO TfTjftotO lOPO a* t? s sas tT o aj-Sjs-GS" 4-> 3+J to-^+j-M^; ft gs|S|8i a.2 o.S > ^ > 1'sl ,2 w t{ S^^^g'g'gg slaSficSS CO i M . ,W cd .S . N ta C-O^K^Q- _ ' ~ a a a a tl " ' " P-f " | Q^ Q H :^;dd : -Jj J3 "c5 -M 00 Z g" ^^^^^ ..-,_0 ^CMPOTj- tONOt^OO ONO ^ & 238 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 18. CARLINVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Serial Series 700 Series 800 p[ ot N O Soil treatment 1 Wheat Soil treatment 1 Wheat 1 LeL (1,000) 6.2 LeL (5,000) 23.4 2 LeL (4,000) 12.6 LeL (20,000) 35.8 3 LeL (2,000) 11.2 LeL (10,000) 31.6 4 LeL (2,000), treble sP 25.7 LeL (10,000), treble sP. . 51.0 5 LeL (2,000), sP 24.7 LeL (10,000), sP 52.0 6 LeL (2,000), rP 24.2 LeL (10,000), rP 41.1 7 L (2,000) 16.5 L (10,000) 14.8 'The figures in parentheses denote total amounts of limestone applied per acre since 1921. (See pages 236-37 for Table 19) TABLE 20. CARTHAGE FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats Serial plot No. Series 500 Series 600 Series 700 Soil treatment 1 Oats Stubble 2 clover (sw. cl.) Second-year corn West East First-year corn West East 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RL... 42.2 46.9 43.8 48.4 45.3 45.9 45.0 46.6 ( -86) (1.15) ( .78) ( .85) ( -76) ( -51) (1.28) ( -51) 24 26 25 26 23 21 23 24. .4 .4 ,2 .8 ,7 .8 .6 9 23, 31. 32. 36. 36. 39. 37. 34. 4 5 4 5 9 3 1 6 32.8 35.3 36.4 33.9 30.4 32.6 36.3 34.8 37.2 29.0 36.3 32.9 30.0 30.6 31.6 34.5 RLrP RLrP RLrP RLrP RLrP RLrP RL... (100). (100), (200). gypsum (100) . (200), (400). (400), gypsum (200).. gypsum (400).. J The figures in parentheses indicate the annual acre-rates (pounds) at which rock phosphate and gypsum are applied. 2 The fall growth of sweet clover is regularly removed from the west halves of the series and the corn following is harvested by half-plots. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS TABLE 21. CLAYTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat IN 1930 239 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Wheat Series 200 Clover Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn 1 North South 1 0.. . .. 25.0 ( -78) (1.13) (1.89) (2.03) (1.09) ( -46) (1.21) (1.55) (1.56) ( -81) 39.5 53.6 57.3 59.1 43.0 46.2 50.8 53.9 55.6 41.6 26.6 35.2 46.3 49.6 59.3 57.3 61.3 56.5 29.8 34.4 32.9 37.5 51.8 48.7 53.0 47.8 54.5 51.6 36.8 32.6 2 M . .. 30.0 3 ML . .. 32.5 4 MLrP . .. 35.0 5 0.. 25.0 6 R ... 33.1 7 RL . .. 42.4 8 RLrP ... 47 . 1 9 RLrPK 50.4 10 ... 34.0 x The north half of this series was plowed on April 8 and the south half on April 23. TABLE 22. CLAYTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 500 Wheat Series 600 1 Oats Series 700 Corn 1 RL, commercial 5-15-5 25.0 40.6 43.3 2 RL, home mixed 5-15-5 24.8 46.9 46.5 3 RL 22.2 50.0 44.1 4 RL, home mixed 0-15-5 40 8 48.4 44.2 5 RL, commercial 0-15-0 31.7 46.9 49.3 6 RL 25 8 47 5 47.7 7 RL, home mixed 0-0-5 ... 29 5 45 9 53 8 8 RL, commercial 0-0-50 29.2 43.8 51.9 Note. This land grew alfalfa from 1914 to 1920. From 1921 until 1928 a rota- tion of corn, oats, clover, and wheat was grown. In 1929 these series were laid out and the present rotation (corn, oats, wheat with sweet-clover seeding) was begun. The plan of fertilization is given in the above table: Residues to consist of cornstalks and sweet-clover green manure plowed down on all plots. Limestone to be applied to all plots in sufficient amounts to insure the growth of sweet clover. The additional fertilizers to be applied to Plots 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 at the rate of 375 pounds per acre per rotation: 250 pounds for wheat and 125 pounds for corn. Plot 8 to receive 225 pounds KC1 per acre per rotation: 150 pounds for wheat and 75 pounds for corn. Residues and limestone only. 240 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 23. DIXON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 100 Wheat Series 200 Clover Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn SOUTH HALF 1 39.5 (1.90) 69.4 32.2 2 M 47.0 (2.93) 90.0 57.6 3 ML 46.8 (2.60) 85.6 64.6 4 MLrP 48.0 (2.38) 77.8 60.6 5 0.. 39.7 (2.31) 69.4 36.6 6 R 39.8 (2.56) 73.1 43.8 7 RL 41.0 (2.53) 80.6 58.6 8 RLrP 44.5 (2.55) 84.7 58.0 9 RLrPK 48.3 (2.58) 80.6 60.6 10 37.2 (2.01) 66.9 30.0 NORTH HALF 1 RL 34.3 (2.42) 67.5 48.4 2 MrP 48.5 (2.52) 85.3 58.0 3 MLbP 47.7 (2.27) 88.4 61.8 4 MLrP 47.5 (2.36) 86.9 58.6 5 RsP.. 47.2 (1.94) 73.4 41.0 6 RrP 47.2 (2.09) 78.4 48.8 7 RLsP 44.8 (2.08) 86.2 54.8 8 RLrP 44.8 (1.94) 89.4 57.6 9 RLrPK, gypsum .. 49.0 (2.16) 81.6 60.6 10 RLrP 43.8 (1.94) 75.6 57.8 (See opposite page for Table 24) TABLE 25 ELIZABETHTOWN FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat, mixed hay, wheat Serial plot No. 1 Soil treatment Series 100 Mixed hay Series 200 Wheat fol- lowing corn Series 300 Corn Series 400 Wheat fol- lowing hay Series 500 2 Alfalfa 1 2 M.... 3 ML.. 4 MLrP. 5 0.. 6 R.... 7 RL... 8 RLrP. 9 RLrPK. 10 0.. ( -22) ( -52) (1.10) (1.78) ( ) ( ) ( -57) (1.64) (1.54) (1.05) .2 .6 3.2 13.8 1.7 8.3 18.5 16.4 5.1 22.0 17.5 28.6 31.9 2.3 1.7 16.8 25.2 25.7 11.1 11.9 20.8 28.5 8.7 10.1 15.8 25.6 28.6 10.5 (0 ) ( ) ( -84) (1.13) ( ) ( ) ( -50) (1.06) (1.11) ( ) J Plot 1 on Series 100, 300, and 400, and Plot 10 on Series 100 and 200 lie on lower ground and are naturally more productive. 2 Series 500 is a permanent alfalfa series. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 241 TABLE 24. DIXON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Series Series Series Soil treatment 900 1000 1100 Corn Wheat Oats L, cornstalks, wheat and oat straw 42 2 18 7 76 3 L, cornstalks and wheat straw 43 2 20 9 68 L cornstalks 39 7 24 8 64 L. cornstalks burned fash returned) . . 36.2 23.1 73.2 L, cornstalks, wheat and oat straw plus sweet clover. ... 42 . 6 25 . 6 101 .0 L, cornstalks and wheat straw plus sweet clover 47 . 2 29 . 1 100 . L, cornstalks plus sweet clover 49.8 29.4 102. 1 L, cornstalks burned (ash returned) plus sweet clover. . . 38.8 30.8 113.8 Note. These series were laid out in 1924. Several years of cropping were nec- essary to complete the residues treatment on all series. A study will be made of the effects of returning to the soil cornstalks burned on the ground or disked in for oats. Oats straw is returned as a top dressing for wheat and wheat straw is plowed down for corn. The effects of sweet-clover green manure, in addition to the different com- binations of nonlegume residues, will also be studied. Limestone has been applied to all plots at the rate of 4,000 pounds an acre, subsequent applications will be made as necessary in order to grow a normal crop of sweet clover. Each yield given is the average of duplicate tests. TABLE 26. ELIZABETHTOWN FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, wheat Soil treatment Whlal Plot B Corn &&. RLsP.. 14.1 29.8 ( .76) RLrP 14.6 30.8 (1-09) TABLE 27 . ENFIELD FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Wheat Series 200 Mixed hay Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 .8 .2 .3 .8 6 .2 9 .5 .2 ( (1 (1 ( ( ( (1 ) ) .07) .54) ) ) .63) .90) .29) ) 13 17 32 33 13 12 34 30 29 14 .4 .3 .7 .0 .1 .3 .5 .0 .7 .4 11 12 20 20 9 12 14 15 19 13 .5 9 8 .6 .4 .6 .8 .3 .8 M 6 ML 14 MLrP 19 0.. 4 R 6 RL 15 RLrP 15 RLrPK . . 27 6 (See page 244 for Table 28) 242 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, a o> sl * o.* s CS O w U < efl So CSOOOIO lOOO^O TKO So vocsooo ^ cs oo oo cs cs T-C i_ O rt rt fe ^ ^ (/) .- ^O CO P'' ^ 4 OO PO CS CS CS ^H ^H cs O\ cs oo oo cs cs i CO _* ^o g c o r^csio<~ csoot^o oo oo 1-1 w lOOO O * ON 00 O T-I CS i-l CS cs ro cs 4-> C ' o R w nj S : :ju : : :o : u ^ u u ^ U L 0- JU V) 00 CS cs O rotOvOCS ^H^ C o o .Si o -2 PO ^ '^ ON ^ > * t OO CS ^5 *"" C O 03 ^H U") 00 ^H Ttlt^--O H CS ^-1^-1 ^ III 00^-^ o^^.^. ts c POt^-OPO lOCSOOt-- OOO i-s U ro 00 cs ^O NO fO ^~* ON CS CS ^-H CS *-l cs _, "^ 4-1 Ife ^> _D-i D-i ^ D-TO-Tcu '^OH'J^J ^xtnu - r^s fvj rt tn (4 pq 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 243 01 - S8 1 Tjtt>-OsiO 10 ^O ro O\ SO 00 "- 1 ^ 'CO rt rt i-t-H 212 rt 1/5 CN QJ fS3 S^ C/) .2 \O ^ O ^O Os 1 ,-H ^H ^ U 3 _C - 4J C Soil treatment rt rt ^~'' 3 ' -M III 1 O 5^cu O ^"' ^ -i' i N Z Ti 80 -W .SgS rfooro^ 000^ rtU^ !'" 1-1 vOt-- CN r*5 00 O\ O CN iO OO OO O i-H OO Tj< CN SO rt '-'^ "^^ CS ||| f*5 O f5 O i i 1/5 1~~ f O O O O O o co +J .OJ O rt U <*5<*}CSiO i IOOOO IT) O M e o i-l CN i-H rt es Soil treatme : 111 *H CS f5 ^ 1/5 so t^ OO % ONO Jl-81 1 rt o '^ w" 1 JlgS 3 u g O O *' S.6.fc o .2 i .2 o ^^5 fe *-*> >"S >S^^ O 3 feS"a; fi -a s ! ..s; 1"! a> c/5 244 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 28. ENFIELD FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment 1 Series 700 Wheat Series 800 Corn 1-W L.. 2.7 11.7 1-E L 5.7 15.4 2-W LrP (2,000) sP (100), sweet clover 7.0 8.8 2-E LrP (2,000) sP (100), red clover 11.3 15 6 3-W LrP (2,000), sweet clover 5.0 8 1 3-E LrP (2,000), red clover 15 13 8 4-W LrP (2,000) sP (200), sweet clover 6 3 7 8 4-E LrP (2,000) sP (200), red clover 14 3 16 4 5-W LrP (2,000), sweet clover 2 7 7 4 5-E LrP (2,000), red clover 14 3 13 2 6-W L, sweet clover 6.3 7.2 6-E L, red clover . . 9 7 11 2 x The figures in parentheses indicate the total applications of phosphates since 1923. (See pages 242-43 for Table 29) TABLE 30. EWING FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Serial Series Series Series plot Soil treatment 500-N 500-S 600 No. Oats Corn Wheat 1 MLrPK, no clover 10 6 7 12.3 2 MLrPK, white biennial sweet clover.. 11.2 7.3 17.7 3 MLrPK, red clover 12.5 7.0 17.7 4 MLrPK, hubam clover 10.2 7.7 16.9 5 MLrPK, alsike clover 8.8 6.6 17.6 6 MLrPK, yellow biennial sweet clover 3.5 6.8 15.3 Note. These series were replotted in 1927 from what were formerly Plots A and B. Prior to 1917 fertilizers had been applied as follows: manure 8 tons, limestone 8 tons, rock phosphate 6,000 pounds, and kainit 2,400 pounds per acre. With the exception of limestone used when necessary to grow the clovers, no more fertilizing materials will be added. A study will be made of relative value of different clovers as the source of organic manure in a rotation of corn, oats, and wheat (clover catch crop). 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 TABLE 31. EWING FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat 245 Serial plot Soil treatment 1 No. Series 700 Oats Series 800 Spring wheat Series 900 Corn 1 Le 1.9 4 2 2 2 LeL.. 5 6 1 8 3 9 3 LeLsP (100) 10 1 5 4 2 4 LeLrP (200) 11.2 2 6 5 5 5 LeL. . 10 5 4 2 8 6 LeLsP (200) 11 4 2 7 5 7 LeLrP (400) 11 1 2 3 9 2 figures in parentheses indicate annual acre-rate at which phosphates are applied. TABLE 32. HARTSBURG FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 First- year corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Series 400 Second- year corn Oats Stubble hay (hubam) WEST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 40. 2 6 7 9 6 4 7 1 4 7 33.0 38.5 40.5 41.7 28.7 29.5 28.3 37.8 43.3 37.0 36. 50. 53. 54. 44. 55. 50. 53. 55. 42. 6 3 4 4 4 9 3 8 3 8 ( -55) ( -53) ( -46) ( -56) ( -60) ( -36) ( .40) ( -48) ( -45) ( -71) 21 31 45 41 29 44 57 54 50 39 .7 .2 .5 9 .5 .0 .7 .3 .1 .4 M 47. ML 50. MLrP 50. 0.. 36 R 51 RL 55. RLrP 57. RLrPK 40. 40. EAST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL.. 47. 8 3 5 1 5 9 4 30 36 41 40 32 37 46 40 39 38 .0 .3 .2 .5 .3 .5 .8 .0 .5 .5 45. 51. 51. 55. 55. 60. 61. 58. 56. 52. 3 6 6 6 6 9 3 8 9 5 ( -42) ( .49) ( -64) ( -49) ( .39) ( .34) ( .52) ( .48) ( .47) ( .44) 33 36 44 50 39 43 51 49 46 44 .3 .2 .3 .4 9 1 6 .3 3 ,1 MrP 39. MLbP 48. MLrP 51. RsP 55. RrP 55 . RLsP 59. RLrP 53 . RLrPK, gypsum 40. RLrP 45. 246 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 33. HARTSBURG FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa Plol Soil treatment Clover- alfalfa Plot No. Soil treatment Clover- alfalfa 1 0. . (1 67) 9 RLrPK . . . (2 93) 7 M . (1.69) 10 (1 43) 3 ML . (3 02) 11 LeM (1 24) 4 MLrP . (3.61) 12 LeML . (2.10) S (1.76) 13 LeMLrP. . . (3.40) 6 R . (2.04) 14 LeMrP . (1.96) 7 RL . (1.72) 15 . . (1.41) 8 RLrP . (2.86) (See opposite page for Tables 34 and 35) TABLE 36. JOLIET FIELD: SPECIAL PHOSPHORUS STUDIES Rotation: Wheat, clover Soil treatment 1928 Wheat 1929 Clover 1930 Wheat Rock phosphate (degrees of fineness) No phosphate 26.3 (2.83) 27.1 Rock phosphate, 99 % thru 100-mesh screen 29.2 (3.88) 38.2 Rock phosphate, 95 % thru 100-mesh screen 27.5 (4.11) 36.1 Rock phosphate, 90% thru 100-mesh screen 30 . 6 (4.08) 35 . 1 Rock phosphate, 65% thru 100-mesh screen 29.6 (3.71) 38.0 Rock phosphate (rates of application) No phosphate 24.5 (2.86) 27.6 Rock phosphate (250) 24.1 (3.50) 31.0 Rock phosphate (500) 31.5 (3.93) 34.9 Rock phosphate (1000) 28.7 (3.82) 40.0 Rock phosphate (2000) 30.7 (3.84) 44.5 Comparison of carriers of phosphorus No phosphate . . . . . 20.8 (2.76) 21.2 Rock phosphate (560) 25.2 (3.64) 35.1 Bone phosphate (175) 32.7 (3.75) 33.0 Superphosphate (280) 32.0 (3.94) 43.1 Treble superphosphate (140) 35.4 (3.77) 46.1 Note. This series was laid out in the fall of 1927. It consists of 75 small plots divided into three groups of 25 plots each. Five soil treatments, replicated five times, are studied in each group. On Plots 1 to 25 inclusive a study is being made of the relative effectiveness of different degrees of fineness of rock phosphate. The original application of the phosphate was at the rate of 1,000 pounds an acre; a subsequent application of 500 pounds an acre was made for the 1930 wheat crop. On Plots 26 to 50 inclusive a study is being made of the effects of different rates of application of finely ground rock phosphate. On Plots 51 to 75 a comparison is made of the effects of different carriers of phos- phorus when applied in equal money values. All phosphates are applied broadcast immediately after the wheat is drilled. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 247 TABLE 34. JOLIET FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat, alfalfa Serial Soil Series plot treatment 100 No. Wheat Series 200 Alfalfa Series 300 Clover- alfalfa Series 400 Oats Series 500 Second- year Series 600 First- year corn corn 1 21 ? r .24) (1 .62) 64 4 17 4 16 4 ? M 24 6 ( .22) (1 .93) 76 4 H 6 25 2 3 ML 30 .72) (^ 52) 74 5 38 33 4 MLrP 39. 8 (i .07) (? 86) 77 8 38 4 32 9 S 0.. 24 1 ( .20) (1 25) 65 9 ?0 8 25 1 6 R 21 4 ( .21) d 54) 64 4 ^0 31 2 7 RL 25 ? ( .57) d 83) 63 1 31 4 35 7 8 RLrP 40 6 ( 91) r? 72) 70 3 3S 39 9 9 RLrPK . . 43 ? a 40) (3 15) 64 4 38 9 36 5 10 26 7 .47) (1 .78) 61.7 19, 8 22.2 TABLE 35. JOLIET FIELD Rotation: Corn, barley, wheat, legumes Serial plot Soil treatment No. 1 Series 700 Corn Series 800 Legume hay Series 900 Wheat Series 1000 Barley 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 L, red clover 24 .0 .0 .8 ,8 .4 ,8 .2 ,8 .8 .0 .2 ( -86) (1.72) (1.84) ( -84) (1.10) (2.70) (3.11) (3.08) (1.72) (1.88) 21.7 28.0 29.7 27.5 26.2 29.8 30.0 29.0 23.3 26.7 30.5 31.2 31.3 37, 41 44 39. 43, 57. 56. 57. 40 38 ,1 ,7 8 8 ,7 ,7 3 8 3 LrP, red clover 33 LrP, gypsum, red clover 31 L, red clover 30 L, alfalfa 28 LrP, alfalfa 34 LrPL (8,000), alfalfa 33 LrP, KC1, alfalfa 33 L, KC1, alfalfa 32 L, alfalfa .... 29 L, red clover 30 LsP, red clover . . 31 LsP, red clover 29 Note. In 1924 the rotation on the minor series at Joliet was changed to corn, barley, wheat, and biennial legumes (red clover on Plots 1 to 4 on all series and on Plots 11, 12, and 13 on Series 700 and 900; alfalfa on Plots 5 to 10.) All plots had received limestone at the rate of 5,000 pounds an acre prior to 1924. At that time Plot 7 on all series received 8,000 pounds of limestone an acre. Fertilizers as desig- nated above are applied at the following annual acre-rates: rock phosphate 400 pounds, potassium chlorid 100 pounds, gypsum 100 pounds. These fertilizers are applied twice in the rotation, ahead of the wheat and corn crops. Superphosphate is applied for the wheat crop at the rate of 250 pounds an acre. The last crops of clover and alfalfa are plowed down, excepting on Plots 713 and 913, where they are removed as hay. 'Plots 11, 12, and 13 appear only in Series 700 and 900. 248 BULLETIN No. 370 [Ma.v, TABLE 37. KEWANEE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Wheat Series 200 Clover Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 31 3 7 3 8 3 9 6 8 .7 3 (1 (1 (1 (2 (1 (1 (1 (1 .61) .92) .92) .11) -59) .63) .83) .50) .40) .91) 51. 71. 70 72. 53 49 55 73 71 41 6 1 3 9 9 6 9 6 .8 44. 62. 65 64 47 59 68 67 63 47 6 8 .7 .7 2 1 .8 .0 .8 M 37. ML 39 MLrP 45 , 0.. 28 R 45 RL 47 RLrP 51 RLrPK 52 ... .43 (See opposite page for Table 38) TABLE 39. KEWANEE FIELD: SPECIAL PHOSPHORUS STUDIES Rotation: Wheat, red clover 1078 Soil treatment gg 1929 Clover 1930 Wheat Rock phosphate (degree of fineness) No phosphate 74 . 7 (4.01) 34.8 Rock phosphate, 99% thru 100 mesh screen 82 . 1 (4.86) 48 6 Rock phosphate, 95% thru 100 mesh screen 76.4 (4.53) 46 8 Rock phosphate, 90% thru 100 mesh screen 74.8 (4.85) 50.4 Rock phosphate, 65% thru 100 mesh screen 76.4 (4.53) 47.1 Rock phosphate (rates of application) No phosphate 70 . 7 (3.62) 32.6 Rock phosphate (250) 80 6 (4.24) 39.2 Rock phosphate (500) 78 7 (4.54) 45.5 Rock phosphate (1000) 76 5 (4.94) 51.6 Rock phosphate (2000) 76.4 (4.94) 52.0 Comparison of phosphorus carriers None 71.0 (3.51) 30.7 Rock phosphate (560) 78 1 (4.50) 43.0 Bone phosphate (175). ... 77 (3.97) 39.5 Superphosphate (280) 75.9 (4.15) 44.6 Treble superphosphate (140) 81.9 (4.31) 49.0 Note. See note for Table 36. KDats substituted for wheat. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 TABLE 38. KEWANEE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat 249 Serial Series Series Series Series plot Soil treatment 500 600 700 800 No. Wheat Clover Oats Corn 1 RrP.. 50 7 (1 41) 49 2 62 3 2 RsP . ... 51 7 (1 06) 53 1 64 6 3 RLrP 50.3 (1.26) 69 4 70 4 RLsP 51.0 (1.12) 69.2 67.4 TABLE 40 LAMOILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 First- year corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Series 400 Second- year corn Oats Stubble hay (hubam) 1 0.. 46 2 53.8 52.5 50.7 50.6 38.8 39.3 45.2 46.2 47.3 28.2 58.5 74.4 77.7 76.7 65.2 70.6 81.6 80.3 73.9 54.9 ( ) ( ) ( -26) ( -30) ( ) ( ) ( -18) ( .21) ( .34) ( ) 28.6 44.3 59.3 59.5 40.7 53.1 62.2 63.0 60.3 33.4 2 M . . . 52 2 3 ML 57.4 4 MLrP . .. 54.6 5 0.. 32.5 6 R . . . 50 . 5 7 RL . . . 62 8 RLrP . . . 59 9 9 RLrPK . . 59 6 10 . 25 2 (See pages 250 and 251 for Table 41) TABLE 42. LEBANON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 500 Wheat Series 600 Corn Series 700 Oats 1-W Le.. 21.8 43.2 41.6 1-E LesP 20.2 38.2 41.6 2-W LeM.. 27.2 49.0 43.4 2-E LeMsP 28.1 49.8 48.6 3-W LeML... 31.1 64.4 48.9 3-E LeMLsP 35.6 63.6 57.5 4-W LeMLrP. . 33.5 62.2 61.9 4-E LeMLrP 39.8 58.6 69.8 250 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, ffl >. W o Jj ^-i O Q +! cs ro CS 10 r s 8 CS O) V vO Tj* cs O O ON '' ^O O O >-icsroPO es *-i r*3 co rocs OOt^-O'-i OO O <*5 NC O * OOfO"5OO OOOf, O 03 C~ H C ^ 1 CS CS CS CS f) v-< rOOOOOt^ CSt O CS t rf) * -rC O '-I OO OO CS IO O t i-l CS CS CS CS f3 <-l D +ls C -> N PO OO O f3 CS IO OO OO >O CS .2 rt c-~= +3 <2 G -p - CS t^" ^~H I-H ^ ( ON ON ON OO W3 "S * *^ CQ _i_ -2 4J rt CN ^H in T* u-> ro O O O ON iO O f5 ^ OO OO 1O t^ OO iO .2" y a -M O3 f-> 00 o rt ^ O C/3 cu < C r+ ^^ *W K. g WJ P ^ 8 . OO VO NO NO CS O ' H ^ O*. t^ cs cs t^ o cs oo o "5 es m U 1.1 ^ C/5 ^ ^^^ SS33 ^S S"1 M * S u w 'Dui ;p H ' Q^ "rt -g '^:dd ' : -JJ <5 dSSS o^C^Oi Oio ^H c^ f5 ^* ^O *O t** 00 O* ^? 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 251 _^ M-I en o Q_i_."5 u U r . ~i U CL> U I +H_cy 2 cs e 73 4J cu Lr3 "rt S J3 U + _ | i ^- ^ " * -3 a3-5 3 i-Hf-r CM \o CM rf< \o oo o -5\ "S *-2 .:; ri Q, Q. c8 S l O U i I O OC CM OOvlOlO I~-PO CM 't 1 "* If) **< Tl< \O O "0 u So ? 3 fl | |^ * o. 2 oo. jig! CO c O\ O\ i* *O i^ ^O rO CM O* V O u C U LO WO :_ _ ir. c.-^; ^ i f/1 ~ -v i-- i/-. ^ __ . __ C 35 y 2 ' O ctf u O CMiOioO rOOt--t^ t^^< o ^ uo 4> 23 o c. cfl 1 ^ a "S"H rt *o "0.3 "H *> en -^ < "a 3 5 u 3 " 3 rt g >% CM-^CMIO C*5CMOt~ ~Ht^ "H. 5 2< >2 J -" _ ^ Sea o ^^s^ ^S55^ s?? o = ""> t^ e c/) i to ' O jrt *"i (u ^"" w Jj rs 5i >. Q W^^ Q_i_!<2 u s+S Q ^ Q.) -* f^CMCV,^, ^.^^^H 0>0 8- "- - *% 1 ll ) I fe mi "^^- -""- "^ fe J | a, g - ^,-g-H. * o^ O u slc-5 ^ C iL PI "oSS 2232 2^ ^ t 5 w t: "*; en en ^ t{ i^ >. - T? - 3 * S,rt U _] K K + | "en CM O 00 -^ i-H ^H CM CO t^-OO "5"o ^ i ^ en X ^> 3 13- w *c S 23. < >- ri tr O J2 H ''S m 2 o CO i 1 O t^- <*5 OO'S'CMIO ^i. u u w ^ rt H "C %Z u w a *-. *~ -- ^ -*-* - UH en g"c3 g^> CU *4* CM \O ON i~< OO i i OO 10 OO 'S "^ "^ rS ^- "f5 ^ 'J c3 *-> C tfl C\ i i O i i rj > > . " ^3 ey o g 'g ^ -g in t*2 1 " " " u 'i s : : : cu' : : ioi g : sj^ s s e s u S :_;dd : ^Jj j : jj^S.2.2 ..2-2,0 w 1 6 -HCMCOTJ. iovOt-00 00 W "X u 3 CU f^ i^ 1H| N ^ O C/J ;s a *S c. 252 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 43. LEBANON FIELD Rotation: Wheat, potatoes Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 800 Wheat Series 900 Potatoes 1 LeM. 39 2 135.3 2 LesP 32.2 121.3 3 LerP 35.5 94.3 4 LesPK 33 8 87.3 5 LerPK 34.8 101.3 6 Le, straw 35.5 168.7 7 LesP, straw 40.0 163.3 8 LerP, straw 36.5 192.0 9 Le, treble superphosphate 34.8 98.3 10 Le, potassium phosphate 33.8 111.3 Note. In 1925 Series 800 and 900 were laid out on land which had received 8,000 pounds of limestone, 2,000 pounds of rock phosphate, and 15 tons of manure an acre in 1911. The land grew alfalfa almost continuously from 1911 to 1925. A rotation of wheat (sweet-clover catch crop) and potatoes is followed. Fertilizers are applied as indicated above. The phosphates are applied annually: rock phosphate 400 pounds, superphosphate 200 pounds, treble superphosphate 100 pounds and potassium phosphate 200 pounds an acre. Kainit 200 pounds an acre is applied for each potato crop. Two tons of manure an acre is applied for potatoes. Straw is applied as a mulch when the potatoes are coming thru the ground. (See opposite page for Table 44) TABLE 45 MINONK FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial Soil plot treat- No, ment Series 100 First-year corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Series 400 Second- year corn Oats Stubble hay (hubam) North half 2 South half North half 1 South half 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 30 .7 .2 ,8 .5 .2 .5 .6 .3 .1 35.0 48.0 54.5 53.0 34.6 44.3 49.0 46.9 45.2 25.7 40.3 46.5 42.3 43.8 40.7 39.2 34.5 38.2 42.5 33.7 37. 36 32 34 28 31 30 35 35 23 3 5 7 .2 .7 ,7 .5 .2 ,5 62. 69 64 58 55 56 51 52 52 51 8 5 7 9 ,3 9 .1 .2 .4 .4 ( .34) ( -48) ( .94) ( -99) ( .99) ( -85) ( -88) ( -90) ( .82) ( -52) 22.2 33.0 30.6 32.6 25.6 39.0 43.2 32.6 31.8 17.8 M . 35 MI . 44 MLrP . 46 0.. 33 R . 35 RL . 47 RLrP . 44 RLrPK.. 36 25 Sodium nitrate was hill-dropped with the corn on the north halves of all plots at the rate of 80 pounds an acre. On June 27 the corn received a side dressing of ammonium sulfate at the rate of 120 pounds an acre. 2 Sodium nitrate at the rate of 200 pounds an acre was applied to the north halves of all plots as a top dressing for the wheat, half the nitrate being applied on April 19 and half on May 23. 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 TABLE 44. McNABB FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover 253 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Wheat Series 200 Oats Series 300 Corn Series 400 Clover 1 R. . 32 2 90 46 (2 10) 2 RrP 38 5 94 1 53 2 (2 28) 3 36 2 82 8 50 8 (1 84) 4 MrP . . . 39 102 2 44 8 (2 76) 5 M 35.0 94.4 46.2 (2.47) TABLE 46. MT. MORRIS FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Wheat Series 200 Clover Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn 1 0.. 29 4 (2 62) 93 9 37 2 M ... . 37 8 (2 99) 105 3 57 3 ML 36.6 (3.24) 98.9 64 6 4 MLrP 37.6 (3.12) 94.4 68.5 5 0.. 33 4 (2 58) 66 5 34 6 6 R 33 2 (1 53) 77 3 45 5 7 RL 34 3 (2 21) 99 5 63 8 RLrP 34.4 (2.11) 99.3 61.1 9 RLrPK . . 36.2 (2.28) 103.2 59.9 10 31.8 (2.25) 63.1 33.4 TABLE 47. MT. MORRIS FIELD Rotation: Corn, barley, clover-alfalfa, alfalfa Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 500 Corn Series 600 Alfalfa Series 700 Clover- alfalfa Series 800 Barley 1 0.. 48 (1.47) (3.80) 57.1 2 M 50 2 (2.16) (3.84) 62.5 3 ML 61 4 (5.27) (5.49) 60.0 4 MLrP 58.6 (5.68) (5.09) 61.2 254 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 48. MT. MORRIS FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, hay Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series Series Series Series 900 1000 1100 1200 Oats Corn Hay Wheat 1 L, timothy 90.6 50.5 (1.44) 24.2 2 LrP, timothy 90.6 52.1 (1.44) 28.3 3 L, clover 100.0 69.9 (3.36) 25.0 4 LrP, clover 100.0 70.0 (3.41) 29.2 5 L, alfalfa 106.2 75.7 (1.81) 24.2 6 LrP.alfalfa 103.1 71.2 (2.39) 29.2 7 L, soybeans 96.9 68.2 (2.75) 20.8 8 LrP, soybeans 103.1 64.4 (2.65) 40.8 9 L, timothy 96.9 46.6 (1.11) 25.0 10 LrP, timothy 96.9 60.7 (.82) 22.5 11 L, clover 106.2 67.4 (3.47) 24.2 12 LrP, clover 112.5 70.5 (3.59) 39.2 13 L, alfalfa.. 114.1 76.1 (2.19) 27.5 14 LrP.alfalfa 101.6 70.7 (2.80) 22.5 15 L, soybeans 104.7 68.5 (2.90) 31.7 16 LrP, soybeans 106.2 69.5 (2.25) 12.5 Note. These series were laid out for the purpose of studying the relative influence of different forage crops on subsequent grain yields in a four-year rotation of corn, oats, wheat, and hay grown on limed and limed-phosphated land. All plots have received 2 tons of limestone an acre. On alternate plots rock phosphate is applied at the acre-rate of 1,000 pounds per rotation 400 pounds for corn and 600 pounds for wheat. Four different forage crops (timo- thy, red clover, alfalfa, and soybeans) are grown in duplicate in both systems of soil treatment. The forage crops are to be removed as hay. TABLE 49. NEWTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, mixed hay Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series Series 100 200 Wheat Oats Series Series 300 400 Corn Hay 1 2 M.... 3 ML.., 4 MLrP. 5 0.. 6 R. ... 7 RL... 8 RLrP. 9 RLrPK. 10 0.. 1.0 24.3 33.5 1.3 3.0 18.0 26.5 32.5 2.5 8.3 20.3 43.8 49.1 11.2 12.2 32.2 35.0 40.3 13.8 12.4 18.4 12.6 10.6 13.0 13.6 15.2 12.0 15.6 5.0 ( ) ( -42) ( .50) ( .62) ( ) ( ) ( -56) ( .51) ( -44) ( ) 1931} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 255 TABLE 50. NEWTON FIELD Rotation: Wheat, soybeans, redtop Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 1100-N Wheat Series 1100-S Soybeans 1 Series 1200 Soybeans 1 LeLrP.. 13 3 ( 12) ( 68) 2 LeL 11.7 ( -18) ( .80) 3 LeLrP 12.5 ( .22) ( -78) 4 LeL 11.2 ( .42) ( .75) 5 LeLrP 12.0 ( -15) ( .88) Note. Prior to 1923 these series were used in plant-breeding projects and all plots had received uniform soil treatment. From 1923 to 1926 wheat, soybeans, and timothy were grown. In 1927 the rotation was changed to wheat (sweet clover), soybeans, and redtop, the redtop to occupy a given series for three years while wheat and soybeans are grown alternately on the other two series. The plan of fertilization is as follows: Limestone in sufficient amounts to grow sweet clover. Rock phosphate: Plot 1 received an application sufficient to bring the phosphorus content of the surface soil up to 2,000 pounds per acre by analysis. Plot 3 will receive phosphate at the annual acre-rate of 200 pounds (400 pounds applied for wheat and 600 pounds for redtop). Plot 5 to receive phosphate at the annual acre-rate of 400 pounds (800 pounds for wheat and 1,200 pounds for redtop). 'Soybeans substituted for redtop. (See page 256 for Table 51) TABLE 52. OBLONG FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial Series Series Series Series plot No. Soil treatment 100 Wheat 200 Mixed hay 300 Oats 400 Corn SOUTH HALF 1 0.. 5 .3 ( .23) 29 .1 1 .3 2 M 8 .2 ( .42) 34 .1 4 .9 3 ML 22 .8 (1.38) 46 ,2 6 .2 4 MLrP 26 .2 (1 .63) 59 1 8 .2 5 0.. 4 .7 ( .30) 36 9 2 4 6 R 6 ,7 ( .36) 36 9 4 7 RL 12 .8 ( .92) 46 6 5 ,8 8 RLrP 17 .3 (1 .26) 67 .3 8 .1 9 RLrPK.. 27 .7 (1 .63) 53 .4 8 .2 10 3 3 ( .30) 34.4 3 .2 NORTH HALF 1 RLsP., 2 MLrP. 3 MLbP. 4 MLrP. 5 RL, underacidulated P. 6 RLrP 7 RLbP 8 RLrP.. 9 RLrPK 10 RL, potassium P. 18.5 24.0 30.0 28.8 19.2 20.2 20.2 16.7 26.2 20.3 ( -33) ( -70) (1-57) (1.46) ( .84) (1.03) (1.31) (1-24) (1.68) ( .68) 29.1 42.2 58.8 43.4 46.9 37.2 59.4 49.7 52.2 48.8 2.7 2.2 3.7 5.5 5.2 5.2 7.2 7.5 7.2 4.7 256 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 257 TABLE 53. OBLONG FIELD: SPECIAL LEGUME STUDIES Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, legumes Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 700 Oats Series 800 Corn Series 900 Legumes Series 1000 Wheat 1 White biennial sweet clover ... 65 . 6 6.9 ( -39) 30.3 2 Red clover 55.3 11.2 ( .30) 25 5 3 Alsike clover 59 . 7 7.3 ( .15) 24.7 4 Native vegetation 55 9.4 30 2 5 White biennial sweet clover 51 9 9 ( -37) 32 6 Red clover 67 5 8 ( -39) 30 7 Alsike clover 65 6 ( .07) 32 5 8 Native vegetation 71 2 6 4 38 3 Note. From 1912 to 1920 these series were operated as single plots and grew a rotation of potatoes, corn, soybeans, and alfalfa with regular applications of manure, limestone, rock phosphate, and kainit. In 1921 the rotation was changed to corn, oats, legumes, and wheat. Since that time no fertilizing materials have been used except sweet clover as a green-manure crop. In 1926 the series were divided into 8 plots each and since that time a rotation of corn, oats, wheat, and legumes has been grown. Legumes are seeded as indicated in the above table and occupy the ground as a regular crop. Where practical, the sweet clover is removed as a hay crop in the fall of the first year and clipped or harvested as seed during the second year. Only one crop of red and alsike clover is removed, the fall growth being plowed down. The native vegetation on Plots 4 and 8 is plowed under. TABLE 54. ODIN FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet-clover-redtop Serial Series Series plot Soil treatment 100 200 No. Wheat Soybeans Seri 301 Coi es Series 400 J n Sweet clover Redtop 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 .0 ,5 ,2 .9 .8 .6 .7 .5 .9 .0 4. 4. 4. 4. 11. 4. 3. 6. 10. 12. 7 5 2 6 1 6 8 8 2 7. 6. 7. 6. 3. 3. 3. 1. 2. 1. 3 6 7 2 3 8 2 8 6 7 .19 .21 .25 .27 .10 .03 .29 2. 3, 4 3 5, 1 2 3 4 3 31 41 50 ,37 ,14 .46 .91 .53 .06 .94 R 9 RL . 11 RLbP ... 24 RLbPK 22 0.. 10 R 13 RL 27 RLbP 43 RLbPK 40 258 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 55. ODIN FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Light lime Heavy lime Series 500 Corn Series 600 Wheat Series 700 Corn Series 800 Wheat 1 LeLbPK . . 6.0 19.1 16.6 21.5 21.7 15.2 25.2 3.2 4.8 3.0 4.2 3.6 3.0 17.5 17.2 21.7 21.3 21.0 20.1 2 LeLK 7.2 3 LeLsPK 7.4 4 LeLrPK.. 6 8 5 LeLK 56 6 LeL, slag P, K 5.0 TABLE 56. ODIN FIELD Sweet-clover rotation studies Rotation Soil Sweet treatment Corn Soybeans Wheat clover 3-year rotation 1 RLbP 4-year rotation 2 RLbP 5.7 3.3 8.6 6.5 19.7 32.4 4.45 soybeans, wheat (sweet-clover catch crop). 2 Corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover. TABLE 57. OQUAWKA FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, rye, clover-alfalfa, wheat, alfalfa Serial c ., i . OOll ^ r treatment Series 100 Corn Series 200 Alfalfa Series 300 Series 400 Clover- alfalfa Series Series 500 ^ 600 Rye Soybeans Wheat Stubble hay (alfalfa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 .7 .4 .3 .5 ,2 .2 .0 9 (1.56) (3.32) (3.62) (3.86) (3.45) (3.47) (3.65) (3.77) (3.79) (2.23) 12.8 16.7 35.8 35.0 14.6 15.0 35.0 34.4 35.8 12.5 ( ) ( ) ( -41) ( -69) ( o ) ( ) ( -15) ( -45) ( -50) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1.98) (2.06) ( ) ( ) (1.30) (1.33) (2.20) ( ) 14 16 20 20 13 14 17 20 21 13 .2 1 8 1 .7 4 5 6 9 4.2 8.2 8.4 7.7 4.2 4.6 5.4 5.4 4.3 1.7 M . . 29 ML .. 13 MLrP . . 19 0.. . . 34 R . . 36 RL . . 13 RLrP 8 RLrPK. . 3 .. 12 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 TABLE 58. PALESTINE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat, alfalfa 259 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Alfalfa Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Mixed hay Series 400 Oats Series 500 Corn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LeL (1 .92) .01) .01) .96) .84) .52) .49) .62) .92) .64) 18 19 18 14 16 17 21 17 14 5 .8 .5 .0 .8 .2 .3 .2 .7 .2 .7 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 .73) ,80) ,64) .56) .28) .49) .49) .37) .44) .39) 18 24 23 17 18 23 21 25 35 12 .4 1 1 ,5 .8 .8 .6 9 .0 .7 2. 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 6 9 1 6 2 4 5 9 .2 LeLM (2 LeLMsP .... (2 LeLMrP (1 LeL . (1 LeL, KC1 (1 LeLsP, KC1 (1 LeLrP, KC1 (1 LeLrP, kainit (1 ( TABLE 59. PALESTINE FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat, alfalfa Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 600 Corn Series 700 Alfalfa Series 800 Wheat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LeLsP 1 .9 .0 .2 .2 .1 .5 .4 .2 (2.16) (1.36) (1.07) (1.79) (1-97) (2.22) (1.47) (1.63) 5, 6 6 8 8 8, 11 7, 9 9 9 ,5 ,2 5 LeLrP 2 LeL 1 LeL, flowers of sulfur 3 LeLrP, flowers of sulfur 2 LeL LeL, gypsum , LeLrP, gypsum , TABLE 60. PALESTINE FIELD Corn-vetch experiment Plot Soil treatment Cc >rn Plo1 Soil treatment Corn 1 Le.. 5 s LerP ( 100) . . .9 9 LesP (100) 1 1 6 LeL ... .9 S LerP (200) 1 9 7 LeLsP (100) . ... .8 4 LesP (200) 5 8 LeLsP (200) ... .8 Note. Experiment was planned to study effects of vetch green manure on following corn crop. Temporarily a single crop system is planned. Corn with a catch crop of hairy vetch will be grown. The vetch will be seeded in the corn late in August and the growth plowed under the following spring. An initial application of 6,000 pounds of limestone an acre was made on Plots 6, 7, 8. The figures in parentheses represent the annual acre-applications of the phosphates. 260 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 61. RALEIGH FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Wheat Series 200 Mixed hay Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn WEST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2. 2 7 8 3 8 6 9 ,5 1 ( ) ( ) (1.08) (1.07) ( ) ( ) ( -48) ( -41) (1.37) ( ) 18. 18. 21. 4. 5. 15, 23. 16 11 8 4 6 2 7 5 8 9 6 .1 1. 5. 13. 12. 1, 2. 13, 15, 14 2 1 8 6 4 8 8 2 4 .8 .4 M 5. ML 11. MLrP 14. 3. R 3 RL 6 RLrP 10, RLrPK 16 2 EAST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL 4 .8 .2 .8 .8 .6 .2 .0 .8 .9 .0 ( -15) ( ) (1-10) ( -99) ( ) ( ) ( .66) ( -48) ( .88) (1-09) 17 21 29 30 11 10 28 28 28 21 .2 .6 .2 .0 .2 .8 .0 .4 .1 .2 14 16 25 22 17 23 22 21 23 10 .8 .8 .4 .4 .6 .0 .0 .4 .0 .8 MrP 18 MLbP 19 MLrP 22 RsP 11 RrP 15 RLsP 20 RLrP 10 RLrPK . . 13 15 (See opposite page for Table 62) TABLE 63. SPARTA FIELD Rotation: Corn, cowpeas, timothy, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 500 Timothy Series 600 Wheat Series 700 Corn Series 800 Cowpeas 1 Le. . . ( ) 9.7 2.1 ( -64) 2 LeM (0 ) 12.8 4.5 ( .61) 3 LeML ( .11) 20.6 9.0 ( -74) 4 LeMLrP ( .23) 21.1 3.2 ( .85) 5 LeMLrPK ( .22) 20.2 7.3 ( .98) 6 Le ( -10) 11.8 .2 ( .38) 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 261 TABLE 62. SPARTA FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, oats, wheat Serial Series Series Series Series plot Soil treatment 100 200 1 300 1 400 No. Wheat Oats Soybeans Corn SECTION A 1 0.. 5.8 7.6 1.9 .3 2 M 21.3 8.4 2.2 .2 3 ML ' 29.3 18.4 7.6 1.0 4 MLrP 33.0 19.4 6.8 2.1 5 0.. 6.3 6.0 .1 .1 6 R 4.3 7.6 .2 .2 7 RL 23.7 14.1 4.3 1.9 8 RLrP 25.0 16.0 3.5 1.5 9 RLrPK... 32.0 19.8 2.9 1.5 10 5.4 7.0 .1 SECTION B 1 KC1, sP 7~73~~ ~7T~ 2 KC1, M 9.3 .2 3 KC1, ML 30.7 1.9 4 KC1, MLrP 34.3 1.9 5 KC1.. 4.1 .1 6 KC1, R 2.5 .6 7 KC1, RL 28.5 2.6 8 KC1, RLrP 29.8 1.5 9 KC1, RLrPK.. 30.5 2.0 10 KC1, NaNO 3 , sP 24.3 .2 Note. In 1929 each series was divided into two equal longitudinal sections designated as Section A and Section B respectively. The plots in Section A will continue under original plan of fertilization. In Section B additional fertilization is as follows: potassium chlorid to all plots, 150 pounds an acre drilled with wheat and 50 pounds hill-dropped for corn; superphosphate (20%) to Plots 1 and 10, 250 pounds an acre drilled for wheat and 125 pounds hill-dropped for corn; sodium nitrate to Plot 10, at the acre-rate of 100 pounds in the spring as a top dressing for wheat and 100 pounds as a side dressing for corn at time of second cultivation. ^ries 200 and 300 were not harvested by half-plots, as Section B of these series had received no additional fertilizers. TABLE 64. SPARTA FIELD Miscellaneous Studies Q ., . Plot A Plot B Plot C Plot D Plot E Plot F b01 :nt Wheat Corn Corn Wheat Wheat Corn MLrPK 16.6 13.3 3.5 13.0 MrPK 3.5 2.5 6.8 12.1 LeL, NaNO 3 23.1 4.6 LeL. 18.3 4.4 262 BULLETIN No. 370 [May, TABLE 65. SPRINGVALLEY FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series Series 100 200 Wheat Clover Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn 1 2 M.... 3 ML.. 4 MLrP. 5 0.. 6 R 7 RL... 8 RLrP. 48.5 54.8 56.3 58.8 49.3 50.8 49.2 50.8 9 RLrPK. 10 0.. 53 38 (1.26) (2.69) (2.36) (2.71) (2.00) (1.53) (1-94) (1.90) (1.84) (1.91) 58.4 59.4 60.0 62.5 51 51 66.9 69.4 64.4 53.1 24.2 42.4 44.2 51.2 31.8 46.8 52.4 54.8 54.4 26.2 (See opposite page for Table 66) TABLE 67 TOLEDO FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 100 Wheat Series 200 Mixed hay Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn SOUTH HALF 11.4 11.8 11.5 10.4 6.0 7.2 8.1 8.5 12.2 1 35.5 ( .36) 9.4 2 LeM 31.7 (.44) 15.3 3 LeML 47.3 (1.19) 24.4 4 LeMLrP 44.0 (1.18) 29.4 5 0.. ... 21.8 ( .30) 7.2 6 R 25.9 ( .38) 7.5 7 RL 37.2 (1.03) 25.0 8 RLrP 42.3 (1.14) 12.5 9 RLrPK.. 46.0 (1.73) 35.2 10 27.0 ( .32) 8.4 8.8 NORTH HALF 1 RL.. 38.3 ( .78) 16.1 8.9 2 LeMrP 44.5 (.80) 16.9 13.0 3 LeMLbP 48.0 (1.17) 24.1 7.4 4 LeMLrP 45.2 (1.17) 29.1 12.1 5 RsP.. 32.2 ( .39) 9.8 5.3 6 RrP 40.3 (.46) 9.1 6.0 7 RLsP. 45.3 (1.13) 20.0 8.4 8 RLrP. 44.5 (1.27) 18.8 10.5 9 RLrPK, gypsum 48.3 (1.76) 23.1 9.6 10 RLrP....! 42.2 (1.03) 15.6 6.8 1931] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1930 263 TABLE 66. SPRINGVALLEY FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, alfalfa Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 500 Alfalfa Series 600 Second-year corn Series 700 Oats Series 800 First-year corn 1 2 M.... 3 ML.., 4 MLrP. (3.30) (3.90) (4.40) (4.41) 51.6 59.8 54.6 48.2 39.1 50.6 51.9 59.1 32.0 47.0 52.4 49.8 TABLE 68. UNIONVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, oats, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 100 Wheat Series 200 Oats Series 300 Soybeans Series 400 Corn WEST HALF 1 13.0 2.8 3.7 2.4 2 M 8.7 11.0 4.0 2.4 3 ML 20.5 20.9 10.2 6.0 4 MLrP 22.8 21.1 11.0 6.6 50 7.0 1.7 3.2 .2 6 R 7.7 2.5 3.2 .6 7 RL 15.0 18.1 11.0 4.0 8 RLrP 18.2 27.0 . 11.0 3.6 9 RLrPK 23.3 32.5 12.0 3.8 10 7.9 L2 3.0 .5_ EAST HALF 1 L 8.5 11.4 6.5 1.8 2 MLrP 9.1 17.2 9.0 4.4 3 ML, KC1 22.5 23.9 12.5 5.0 4 MLrP, KC1 24.7 27.8 12.3 6.2 5 LsP 8.3 11.2 6.5 3.2 6 L, NaNO 3 11.7 9.1 6.8 1.8 7 RLsP, KC1 19.2 21.9 11.5 5.6 8 RLrP, KC1 165 25.9 12.0 5.2 9- RLrP, kainit.. 20.5 36.9 13.3 5.4 10 LsP, NaNO 3 22.5 26.6 8.8 1.6 (See page 264 for Table 69) TABLE 70. UNIONVILLE FIELD Rotation: Continuous alfalfa Plot No. Soil treatment Alfalfa Plot No. Soil treatment Alfalfa 601 602 MLrP 603 RLrP 604 RLrP, kainit. ( ) (1.16) ( -85) (1.03) 605 RLrP, shale ( .98) 606 RLrP, common salt (1.28) 607 RLrP, Omaha K (1-17) 608 (0 ) 264 BULLETIN No. 370 TABLE 69 UNIONVILLE FIELD Rotation: Wheat, cowpeas, timothy Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 500 Timothy Series 700 Cowpeas Series 800 Wheat Seed Hay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 / .17) .29) .82) .02) .83) .86) .06) .32) 5, 9 8 9 8 7 7 5 .0 .1 .5 .4 .2 .2 .7 .8 (i! a a (i (i (i 70) 92) .39) .69) .66) .55) .72) .93) 8. 25, 22 28 25 27 26 12 8 4 ,2 4 .6 .3 .8 6 MLrP RLrP (1 RLrP, RLrP, RLrP, RLrP, kainit (1 shale common salt f Omaha K (1 (See page 263 for Table 70) TABLE 71. URBANA, MORROW PLOTS: ROTATION EXPERIMENT Plot 3 Plot 4 PlotS Sectior of r*\~t- i Soil treatment (Continuous corn) (Corn and oats rotation) (Corn, oats, and clover rotation) piot Corn Oats Clover NW 14.2 33.5 ( .63) sw MLrP 32.6 59.2 (1.83) NE 20.0 35.8 (1.01) SE MLbP 29.6 68.2 (2.35) TABLE 72. WEST SALEM FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, mixed hay, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 100 Corn Series 200 Oats 1 Series 300 Mixed hay Series 400 Oats 1 Series 500 Oats 1 0.. 2.2 5.0 ( .13) 1.7 2.2 2 ML S 4.9 24.1 ( .61) 12.0 16.4 3 ML 3.6 28.1 ( -88) 20.6 21.2 4 MLrP 4.8 31.4 ( .90) 23.6 26.1 5 L 1 3.9 10.5 ( .11) 5.3 7.0 6 RL 1 5.4 12.8 ( -16) 11.9 8.8 7 RL 7.3 19.7 ( .42) 18.1 15.9 8 RLrP 7.1 32.2 ( .91) 25.5 23.3 9 RLrPK ... 6.9 32.5 (1.09) 34.1 28.1 1 Oats substituted for wheat. 2 Initial application of limestone only. TABLE 73. WEST SALEM FIELD: MINOR ROTATIONS Soil treatment Wheat , sweet clover, and mixed hay Corn, wheat, and mixed hay Plot A Wheat PlotB Sweet clover PlotC Mixed hay PlotD Oats 1 PlotE Corn Plot F Mixed hay MLrPK.. . .. 10.9 ( -32) ( -10) 32.1 4.9 9.4 5.4 ( -17) ( -24) MLrP .2 1 Oats substituted for wheat. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBAN*