3(H J27VW Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. University of Illinois Library REPRINTED FROM THE Annais of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. VII, No. i, January, 1896. 'Yvj\\ 3 \ \ “sY\ e. A ap e-'vs oS r n CT\ \A rv a '3. 3 The Annals of the Aca< Volumes I.-VI. 1890 - 91 . Volume I. Four numbers (July- April). Pp. 754, with Supplements, Pj Supplements to Volume 1 . Public Health and Municipal Government. John Billings. Pp. 23. 25 cents. History of Statistics. By Prof. August Translated by Prof. Roland P. Falkner. Pp. 100. $1.25. Hand-book of the , Pp. 97 . $ 2.00 . Theory and Technique of Statistics. By Prof. August Meitzen. lated by Prof. R. P. Falkner. Pp. 143. $1.50. 1891 - 92 . Volume II. Six numbers (July-May). Pp. 896. 1892 - 93 . Volume III. Six numbers (July-May). Pp. 852, with Supplement, Pp j Supplements to Volume III. Constitution of Colombia. Translation, with lj cal introduction, by Prof. Bernard Moses. Pp. 70. 50 cents. 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Special rate to libraries and members of the Academy : ;.oo each, Volume VI., $2.50. Price of separate numbers, except $i.oo each. No. 1 of Volume I. is sold only in orders for the Vol 1 of * K REPRINTED FROM THE Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. VII, No. i, January, 1896. EDITORIAL. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Academy, held October 23, 1895, Dr. Edmund J. James presented his resignation as Chairman of the Committee on Publication and Editor of the Annans. He stated that his future residence in Chicago* would, in his opinion, make it impossible for him to give that careful and continuous attention to the publications of the Academy which they demand. The subject was referred to a sub-committee, with instruc- tions to report at a subsequent meeting of the Executive Committee. At a later meeting, held November 15, 1895, the sub-committee reported the following recommendations, which, after due considera- tion, were unanimously adopted : “That Dr. James’ resignation as Chairman of the Publication Committee and Editor of the Annals be accepted, but that he be requested to continue as one of the Associate Editors ; that Dr. Roland P . Ealkner be chosen Chair- man of the Publication Committee and Editor of the Annals, to succeed Dr. James; and that Dr. Emory R. Johnson be selected to succeed Dr. James Harvej^ Robinson, whose resignation had also been received some time since.” The foregoing announcement from the records of the Executive Committee of the Academy will explain the changes in the editorial management of the Annals which take effect with the present num- ber. Although compelled by change of residence to resign the man- aging editorship, Dr. James retains his full sympathy for the work and will continue as Associate Editor to take an advisory part in the policy of the Annals, even though it may be at the cost of considerable per- sonal inconvenience. At a moment when the editorial responsibilities for the publications of the Academy fall upon other shoulders, it seems opportune to recall the services which Dr. James has rendered the Annals in the past, as well as to make a statement in behalf of the new management. It was six years ago that Professor James conceived the idea of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, of which he was justly made the President. It is not too much to say that * See p. 78, of the present number of the Annals. ( 74 ) Editorial. 75 l 0 qJ 'I V o- during those six years he has sustained its work in every particular, and that a large measure of its success is due to his efforts. Of what has here been accomplished, especially in reference to the publications, we shall speak later. Professor James was eminently qualified for the work which he assumed. With a keen insight into scientific problems, he had already given evidence of a practical sagacity which sought always for a concrete embodiment of the views he held. This must be clear to those who survey the list of his published writings which accompanies the personal note of this issue. Nor have these writ- ings remained without practical result. His pamphlet on The Relation of the Municipality to the Gas Supply grew out of an address delivered before the Social Science Association of Philadelphia, at a critical period in the history of the city gas works, when a large combination of private capital was trying to secure possession of the city plant. The address was generally considered to have settled the question in favor of city ownership in Philadelphia. In its subsequent form, as published by the American Economic Association, it contributed very decidedly toward strengthening public sentiment in favor of the ownership and control of lighting plants by municipalities. The various addresses on the subject of forestry, delivered in the interest of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association, have contributed to the advance of the movement for the protection and extension of our forests. In like manner in essays on the transportation question Professor James anticipated by the discussion of the Zone Tariff System, the era of cheaper passenger fares on our railways, as well as the sounder view which now begins to prevail of the relation of canals and waterways to our railway system. When the history of the movement for better government of our cities comes to be written, it will be seen that Professor James contributed in large measure to the advance of this movement. But it is particularly in the field of education that Professor James has impressed his views upon various important movements. In the light of subsequent developments, his papers and addresses, in which these results were foreshadowed, acquire an increased interest. It would occupy us too long to enumerate the actual results which can be traced to these efforts. It is sufficient to say that Professor James has concerned himself with such questions as the place of kinder- gartens in the public school system, the teaching of pedagogics in universities, the function of commercial education, the relation of the different classes of secondary schools to one another, and the education of adults, especially University Extension. 76 Annals of the American Academy. Tlie fertility of practical expedient, and the breadth of sympathy for all forward movements which have characterized Professor James’ career, have stood the American Academy of Political and Social Science in good stead throughout its existence. An unceasing interest devoted to the various aspects of its work has secured for the Academy an unusual measure of success. No one knows this better than those who, like the present editor, have been intimately asso- ciated with him in the work. No institution depends for its success upon a single individual, and the writer would be the last to under- value the self-sacrificing labors of a group of enthusiastic specialists who have labored for its success, nor the cordial co-operation of writers all over the United States who have taken part in its publi- cations. Yet, however numerous the workers, they must have a chief. In the work of the Academy, where he has occupied at the same time the position of president and editor of the publications, Professor James has been the directing spirit. During his editorship the Annals has been changed from a quarterly to a bimonthly periodical, while the numbers have been steadily increased in size. The policy of publishing as supplements longer papers than could find a place in the Annals has been strenuously pushed by Professor James, and at the present time the number of these publications is quite large and has been notably enriched by the supplement which accompanies the present issue. The leading papers published in the Annals are reprinted in sepa- rate form, and as pamphlets secure a circulation and attention which they would not attain as articles of a periodical. To Professor James is due the consistent maintenance of this policy. To his initiative is also to be ascribed the establishment of the interesting departments of sociological and municipal government notes, whose success has amply justified the wisdom of his foresight. The present editor discharges a debt of gratitude in rendering this account of the services of Dr. James to the publications of the Academy. He feels that the policy of these publications has been laid upon firm foundations. The constructive work has in large part been accomplished. It remains for those who follow to build a structure worthy of the foundation. And now a word in behalf of the present editorial board. Our readers will have noticed that Dr. Emory R. Johnson has replaced Dr. James Harvey Robinson as associate editor. We part with Dr. Robinson with regret, for his services in the past have been of great value. His removal to New York, and his duties in his new posi- tion had rendered it impossible for him to retain his position as as- sociate editor. Dr. Emory R. Johnson needs no introduction to the EdITORIAIv. 77 readers of the AnnaeS and the editor congratulates himself that he is to have associated with him in the active management of the publications a man who has already given so many proofs of his zeal and ability. The reorganized editorial board propose to follow in the future the policy which in the past has brought so much success to our publications. Radical changes of policy are not contemplated by them and are not to be expected. They earnestly hope for some improvement in detail. They aim to make the Annaes not only a picture of the activities of the Academy, and a repository for scien- tific papers, but so far as possible a complete record of current fact and discussion which is of interest to the students of political and social science. In this spirit they hope to inaugurate a current bibliography which will call the attention of our readers to the most important publications as they appear. This feature will not replace the book reviews and notes but will be in addition to it. In the same spirit it will be the aim of the reorganized board to extend and enrich the department of notes so that in time nothing which merits the attention of students of political and social science shall escape notice. To accomplish these purposes they need the support of members of the Academy and other scholars. They bespeak for themselves the same cordial sympathy and assistance which has been granted their predecessors. Without it they must needs fail. With it they trust that they shall be able to assume the responsibilities which have been placed on their shoulders, and acquit themselves with credit in the functions to which the Academy has called them. Roland P. Faekner. PERSONAL NOTES AMERICA. Chicago University. — Dr. Edmund J. James, President of the Academy, leaves the University of Pennsylvania for the University of of Chicago, February i, 1896. In the University of Pennsylvania Dr. James was Professor of Public Finance and Administration in the Department of Finance and Economy (Wharton School), and Pro- fessor of Political and Social Science in the Graduate Faculty (Department of Philosophy). In the University of Chicago he will be Professor of Public Administration in the Department of Political Science, and Director of the University Extension Department. Edmund Janes James was born May 21, 1855, at Jacksonville, Morgan County, 111 . He was prepared for college in the High School Department of the Illinois State Normal School, at Normal, 111 ., from which he graduated in June, 1873. He entered college at the Northwestern University at Evanston, 111 ., in the autumn of 1873. Having been appointed Recorder on the United States Fake Survey he joined (May 1, 1874) the party of Engineer Terry, engaged on the upper St. Lawrence and the lower part of Lake Ontario. At the end of the season he entered Harvard College, matriculating November 2, 1874. In July, 1875, he went to Europe to study political economy. He matriculated at the University of Halle, October 16, 1875, and after spending four semesters at that institution — during which time he attended lectures also at Berlin and Leipsic — he graduated from Halle in August, 1877, taking the degrees of M. A. and Ph. D. On his return home in the autumn of 1877 he was appointed prin- cipal of the Public High School, in Evanston, 111 ., from January 1, 1878. In June, 1879, he resigned this position to accept the prin- cipalship of the High School Department of the Illinois State Normal School at Normal, 111 ., beginning work in September of that year. He resigned this position at Christmas time, 1882, in order to continue his studies in Europe, which he pursued dur- ing the summer semester of 1883 at various German universities. On July 3, 1883, he was elected Professor of Public Finance and Adminstration in the Wharton School of Finance and Economy, University of Pennsylvania, to begin work the following September. Since 1886 he has had practical charge of this department. Under ( 78 ) Personal Notes. 79 his influence its corps of instructors was largely increased, the sub- jects of instruction multiplied, and its curriculum extended from two years to four, changes which were followed by a large increase in the number of students. It was owing to his personal efforts that instruction in statistics, journalism, sociology, transporta- tion, municipal government, jurisprudence, and politics was added to the work in history, economics, and finance. During this period the Wharton School of Finance and Economy became not only a successful department for higher commercial education, but also one of the leading centres for the study of economics and politics in the United States. Shortly after going to the University of Pennsylvania, Professor James was also appointed December 12, 1883, Professor of Political and Social Science in the Graduate Faculty (Department of Philoso- phy), and from January, 1884, to January, 1888, was Secretary of this Faculty. While Secretary he proposed the regulations which with few changes, have remained the rules governing graduate study in the University until the present. He was also the first instructor of the Faculty to introduce the seminary method of instruction which has become such a marked feature of all advanced work in the University. He was in Europe on leave of absence during the academic year 1888-89. On April 8, 1891, he was elected President of the American Society for the Extension of University Teaching, an association organized to promote the introduction and development of University Extension methods of instruction throughout the United States. He held this position until September 1, 1895, during which time the work of the society was greatly extended and strengthened. The number of lec- ture courses rose from 42 in 1890-91 to 126 in 1894-95 ; while the num- ber in attendance increased from 7400 to 20,000. While at the University Professor James declined various calls to other institutions either as president or professor. He was offered the presidency of two leading western State universities. He was also offered an Assistant Professorship in Political Economy at Harvard in 1890 and the head Professorship of Political Science at the University of Chicago in 1892. He was appointed delegate from the University of Pennsylvania to the tercentenary celebration of Trinity College, Dub- lin, in 1892, and to the bicentennial of the University of Halle in 1894. Professor Janies is an active member of various societies and asso- ciations of a scientific and practical character. He has been a member of the National Educational Association since 1879. He was elected a member of the National Council of Education in 1884 and has deliv- ered addresses before the association on ‘ ‘ College Education for So Annals of the American Academy. Business Men,” “University Extension ” and “Normal School Edu- cation.” He was chosen a member of the American Philosophical Society, April 18, 1884. Since September, 1885 he has been a member of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science ; since 1891 a Fellow of that body. He was Vice-President and Chairman of Section I in 1891, and has read papers at its sessions on “ The Share of Labor in Distri- bution,” “ Manual Training in the Public Schools ” and “The Farmer and Taxation.” Since 1885 he has been a member of the American Social Science Association; was Secretary of the Department of Social Economy, 1887-88, and one of the directors of the association for the years 1890- 92. He has read papers on “The Bullitt Bill Charter of Philadel- phia,” “Schools of Political and Social Science,” “The Single Tax Theory.” As one of the early members (1883) of the Public Education As- sociation of Philadelphia he delivered addresses before that body on “Financial and Administrative Aspects of Public Education,” “The Need of Reorganization in Our Public School System,” etc., and has been for two years past Chairman of the Executive Committee of that body. He was one of the founders of the American Economic Association in 1885, and, as Chairman of the Committee on Organization, reported the plan which has proved so successful in practice. He was for some time Vice-President and has been a frequent contributor to its series of publications. Having been much interested in the movement for the preservation and better management of our forests, he was one of the original mem- bers ( 1886) of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association and of the Coun- cil of that body. He delivered addresses before the association on “ The Relation of the State to our Forests,” “ The Economic Signifi- cance of Our Forests,” etc. He was actively concerned in the organization of the Pennsylvania College Association in 1887, which was subsequently converted into the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools in the Middle States and Maryland. He delivered addresses at its sessions on ‘ ‘ The American University,” “ University Extension,” and “ The American College,” and was for some time treasurer of the association. He was one of the founders of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and, at the first meeting for formal organization December 14, 1889, was elected President, an office to which he has since been annually re-elected. Personal Notes. 8i He was one of the first to take part in the recent movement for the improvement of city politics in the United States ; was one of the organizers of the Municipal League of Philadelphia (out of which the National Association of Municipal Leagues has grown) and served as its first president from December i, 1891. Professor James’ contributions to the literature of the subjects in which he has been interested have been numerous. With Dr. Charles DeGarmo, President of Swarthmore College, he founded the Illinois School Journal , now the Public School Journal , one of the most influential educational periodicals in the West. As editor of this magazine for two years, 1881-82, he contributed many papers to the current discussion of the time, relating to the pedagogi- cal and administrative aspects of public education. As editor of the Annals of the American Academy of Poli- tical and Social Science he has for the past five years directed the policy of this periodical. Under his direction it has expanded from a quarterly to a bimonthly with numerous supplements, and has grown steadily and rapidly in scope and influence. In addition to the work on the above periodicals, Professor James was one of the leading contributors to the “ Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy and United States History,” edited by John J. Lalor, Chicago, 1882-84. (Referred to below as Lalor’s Cyclopaedia.) LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS. A. Monographs and Longer Papers. 1. “ Studien uber den Amerikanischen ZolltariJ : Seine EnL wickelung und seinen Einjluss auj die Volkswirlhschajt. ’ ’ Pp. 80. Jena, 1877. 2. “ Aims and Methods oj Latin Teaching in Our Public Schools. ’ ’ Educational Newsgleaner, Chicago, September, 1880. 3. “ Banks oj Issue.” Lalor’s “Cyclopaedia.” Vol. I. Chicago, 1881. 4. “ Customs Duties.” Ibid. 5. “ Relation oj Academic to Projessional Work in Normal Schools .” Education. Boston, 1882. 6. “ Latin Teaching in the Public Schools .” Four Papers in Illi- nois School Journal. Vol. I. Normal, 1881-82. 7. “ Epochs in the History oj Pedagogics .” Three papers. Ibid. 8. “ National Aid to Education .” Four papers. Ibid. Vol. II, 1882-83. 9. “ Das Studium der Staatswissenschajten in Amerika .” Con- rad’s Jahrbiicher fur Nationalokonomie und Statistik, N. F. VII Band. Jena, 1883. 82 Annals of the American Academy. 10. “ Emigration and Immigration ." Lalor’s “ Cyclopaedia.’ * Vol. II. Chicago, 1883. 11. “ Compulsory Education." Ibid. 12. “ Machinery : Its Social and Economical Effects.” Ibid. 13. “Excise." Ibid. 14. ‘ ‘ Factory Laws. ’ ’ Ibid. 15. “ Science of Finance. ’ ’ Ibid. 16. “Labor" Ibid. 17. “Insurance." Ibid. 18. “ The Higher Education of Teachers at the University of fena." New England Journal of Education. Boston, December 6 and 13, 1883. 19. “Distribution of the Surplus Revenue." Philadelphia Press, Dec. 7, 1883. 20. “ History of Political Economy." Lalor’s “ Cyclopaedia. ” Vol. III. Chicago, 1884. 21. “ The Classical Question in Germany." Popular Science Monthly, January, 1884. (Reprinted at Boston, 1884, as Appendix to Pamphlet on Greek Question, by Charles Francis Adams.) 22. “ Ginde ley's History of the Thirty Years' War." The Press, Philadelphia, 1884. 23. ‘ ‘ Rise of the Modern Laborer. ' ’ MacNeil’s ‘ ‘ Labor Question. ’ ’ Pp. 66. Boston, 1885. 24. “ The Public Economy of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." Wharton School Annals of Political Science. No. I. Pp. 34. Phila- delphia, 1885. 25. “ Outline of a Proposed School of Political and Social Science." Philadelphia Social Science Association. Pp. 24. Philadelphia, 1885. 26. “ The Relation of the Modern Municipality to the Gas Supply: with Special Reference to the Gas Question in Philadelphia. ’ ’ Phila- delphia Social Science Association. Pp. 38. Philadelphia, 1886. 27. “National Aid to Popular Education." Andover Review. Boston, March, 1886. 28. “ The Relation of the Modern Municipality to the Gas Supply." (Revised and enlarged edition of No. 26.) Pp. 69. American Eco- nomic Association. May and July, 1886. 29. “ The Kindergarten and the Public School." Sub-Primary School Society. Pp. 24. Philadelphia, 1886. 30. “Chairs of Pedagogics in Our Universities." Philadelphia Social Science Association. Pp. 46. Philadelphia, 1887. 31. “ The Legal Tender Decisions." Pp. 31. American Economic Association, 1887. Personal Notes. 83 32. “ The Agitation for Federal Regulation of Railways .” Ameri- can Economic Association. Pp. 50. July, 1887. 33. “ Socialists and Anarchists in the United States. ” Our Day, Boston, Feb. 1888. 34. “ The Degree of Ph. D. in Germany. ” Andover Review, Bos- ton, June, 1888. 35. “ The Government in Its Relatioii to Forests A Department of Agriculture Forestry Division. Bulletin No. 2. Pp. 16. Washing- ton, D. C., 1889. 36. “ The Canal and the Railway .” Pp. 57. American Economic Association, 1890. 37. “ The Federal Constitution of Germany A Publications of Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. Political Economy and Public Eaw Series. No. 7. Pp. 43. Philadelphia, 1890. 38. “ The Federal Constitution of Switzerland A Publications of University of Pennsylvania. Political Economy and Public Law Series. No. 8. Pp. 46. Philadelphia, 1890. Nos. 37 and 38 were reprinted in “ The Convention Manual of the Sixth New York State Constitutional Convention,” Part 2, Vol. Ill, Foreign Constitutions, Albany, N. Y., 1894. 39. “ Needed Improvements in Our Transportation System A Manufacturer, Philadelphia, Nov. 1, 1890. 40. “ The Education of Business Men.” American Bankers’ Asso- ciation. Pp. 26. New York, Jan., 1891. Second edition same year. 41. “ Reform in Railroad Passenger Fares.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Boston, January, 1891. 42. ‘ ‘ Economic and Social Aspects of Public Education.” Ameri- can Institute of Instruction. Pp. 35. Boston, July, 1891. 43. “ The Farmer and Taxation.” American Association for the Advancement of Science. Pp. 27. Salem, Mass., 1891. 44. “ The University Entension Lecturer.” Two Papers in Univer- sity Extension. Philadelphia, Dec., 1891; Jan., 1892. Reprinted as separate papers. Pp. 22. 45. “A Plea for the Establishment of a Commercial High School.” American Bankers’ Association. Pp. 17. New York, 1892. New edition. 1893. 46. “ Some General Considerations Concerning University Exten- sion.” Introduction to the “University Extension Handbook.” Second Edition. Philadelphia, 1893. 47. “ Education of Business Men in Europe .” Report of an exami- nation of European Commercial Schools. American Bankers’ Asso- ciation. Pp. viii, 232. New York, 1893. 48. “ Philadelphia' s Need of a Commerical High School.” Pp. 24. Educational Club, Philadelphia, 1894. 84 Annans of the American Academy. 49. “A Neglected Incident in the Life of Dr. Franklin .” The Nation, New York, April 18, 1895. 50. “A Model City Charter. ” Address before the National Confer- ence for Good City Government, at Minneapolis. National Municipal League, Philadelphia, 1895. B. Briefer Papers and Reviews. Of these the following are the most important: — 1. “ German Universities .” The Tripod, Evanston, October 25 and November 25, 1877. 2. “ The Modern Languages A Educational Weekly, Chicago, 1878. 3. “ The Spelling Reform A Ibid, 1879. 4. “ History of the National Debt .” Bloomington Pantagraph, January, 1881. 5. “ What is a German University A Illinois School Journal, Normal, September, 1881. 6. " Municipal Economy in Prussia A The Nation, New York, October 23, 1881. 7. “ Walker's Money, Trade and Industry." The American Critic, Chicago, 1882. 8. “ The Lecture and the Recitation System of Instruction." Illinois School Journal, Normal, January, 1882. 9. “ German Student Life." Ibid., March, 1882. 10. “ Correlation of Studies." Ibid., August, 1882. 11. “ Some Thoughts on the New Education." Two papers in Illinois School Journal. Vol. II., Normal, 1882-83. 12. “ The Chinese Question." The Nation, New York, April 20, 1882. 13. “ State Ownership of Railroads in Italy." Ibid., April 27, 1882. 14. “ Political Economy in German Universities." Ibid., Septem- ber 28, 1882. Reprinted in L’ Athenaeum beige. Brussels, November 1, 1882. 15. “ New Education." Northwestern Christian Advocate, Chicago, February, 1883. 16. “ The Public High School A Ibid, 1883. 17. “ Comparative Methods in Finance." Bankers’ Magazine, April, 1884. 18. “ Prince Bismarck." The American, Philadelphia, August, 16, 1884. 19. “ A New Work on Politlical Economy." Bankers’ Magazine, August, 1884. Personae Notes. 85 The Nation. New 20. “ Atkinson's Distribution of Products ." York, March 19, 1885. 21. “ The Need of Organization in Our Educational Field . Christian Advocate, New York, June 25, 1885. 22. “ Recent Books on Political Economy ." The American, Phila- delphia, October 31, 1885. 23. “ Recent Progress in Political Economy ." Science, New York, November 6, 1885. 24. “ Recent Land Legislation in England Ibid., November 20, 1885. 25. “ Payne's Science of Education ." Christian Union. New York, 1886. 26. “ The State as an Economic Factor." Science, New York, May- 28, 1886. Reprinted in separate form. 27. “ Paulsen's History of Higher Education in Germany." The American, Philadelphia, November 13, 1886. 28. “ Teaching as a Profession." Ibid., Marchs, 1887. 29. “ Adams' Public Debts." Ibid., May 21, 1887. 30. Introduction to Ingram’s “ History of Political Economy." New York, 1888. 31. “ Constitutional Position of Prussia in the German Empire." The Nation, New York, April 26, 1888. 32. “ State Interference." The Chautauquan, June, 1888. 33. “ University Instruction in Bavaria." The American, Phila- delphia, January 26, 1889. 34. “ The Great Educational Need of Philadelphia." Red and Blue, Philadelphia, November 1, 1889. 35. “ The Study of Politics and Business at the University of Penn- sylvania." Ibid., November 15, 1889. 36. “ Sax's Grundlegung der Theoretischen Staatswirthschaft." Political Science Quarterly, New York, March, 18^0. 37. “ An Academy of Political and Social Science." Manufacturer, Philadelphia, April 1, 1890. 38. “ Economic and Social Aspects of Public Education." New England Journal of Education, Boston, July 16, 1890. 39. “ The Austrian Zone Tariff System." Annans op The American Academy, October, 1890. 40. “ The Coming Teacher." Manufacturer, Philadelphia, May 16, 1891. 41. “ University Extension." Book News, Philadelphia, May, 1891. 42. “ University Extension in the United States." Our Day, Boston, February, 1892. 86 Annans of the American Academy. 43. Introduction to “ City Government of Philadelphia Wharton School of Finance and Economy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1893. 44. “ A New Career for College Men.” Review of Reviews, New York, June, 1893. 45. Introduction to Brinley’s “ Handbook for Voters .” Philadel- phia, 1894. 46. ‘ ‘ Shaw's Municipal Government in Great Britain. ’ ’ The Bookman, New York, May, 1895. 47. “ The Income Tax.” The Citizen, Philadelphia, June, 1895. 48. “ Some Considerations on Our System of Education.” Ibid. September, 1895. Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Political Economy Pole Law Series EbntiMb J. James, Ph. D., Editor. © <0 Volume I. No. I. Wharton School Annals of Political Science. Out of Print. No. 2. Anti-Rent Agitation in New York. Prof. E. P. Cheyney. Price, 50 cents. No. 3. Ground Rents in Philadelphia. E. P. Allinson and Boies Penrose, of the Philadelphia Bar. Price, 25 cents. No. 4. Consumption of Wealth. Prof. S. N. Patten. Price, 50 cents. No. 5. Prison Statistics of the U. S. for i838. Prof. Roland P. Falkner. Price, 25 cents. No. 6. Rational Principles of Taxation. Prof. S. N. Patten. Price, 50 cents. No. 7. Federal Constitution of Germany, with Historical Introduction. Trans- lated by Prof. E. J. James. Price, 50 cents. No. 8. Federal Constitution of Switzerland. Translated by Prof. E. J. James. Price, 50 cents. Price of Nos. 2 to S in one order, $2.40. Volume II. No. 9. Our Sheep and the Tariff. William Draper Lewis, Ph. D. Price, cloth, $2.00; paper, $1.25. Volume III. No. 10. The German Bundesrath. Prof. James Harvey Robinson. Price, 75 cents. No. 11. The Theory of Dynamic Economics. Prof. Simon N. Patten. Price, $ 1 . 00 . Volume IV. No. 12. The Referendum in America. Dr. Ellis P. Oberholtzer. Price, $1.50. Price of Nos. 2 to 12 in one order, $6.00. Wharton School Studies la Politics and Economics. This Series consists of monographs by the students of the Wharton School of Finance and Economy. No. i. The Recent Development of American Industries. By the Class of ’91. Price, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. No. 2. The City Government of Philadelphia. With an Introduction by Edmund J. James. By the Class of ’93. Price, cloth, $1.50. Professor Edmund J. James, University ol Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL, SCIENCE. The American Academy of Political and Social Science was formed in Philadelphia, December 14, 1889, for the pur- pose of promoting the Political and Social Sciences. While it does not exclude any portion of the field indi- cated in its title, yet its chief object is the development of those aspects of the Political and Social Sciences which are either entirely omitted from the programmes of other societies, or which do not at present receive the attention they deserve. Among such subjects may be mentioned : Sociology, Comparative Constitutional and Administrative Law, Phi- losophy of the State, and such portions of the field of Poli- tics, including Finance and Banking, as are not adequately cultivated by existing organizations. A special effort will be made to collect and publish mate- rial whicli will be of use to students, and which does not now reach the public in any systematic way, as, for example, the texts in English of the Constitutions of leading foreign countries ; regular accounts of current instruction in Politi- cal and Social topics at home and abroad ; descriptive bibliographies, discussions of Municipal Government, etc. It will be seen that the Academy thus supplements the efforts of existing societies of similar aims, and substantial!}' strengthens their work by contributing its share to beget a deeper and more widespread interest in the general subject of Political and Social Science. The plan of the Academy includes regular scientific meet- ings for the presentation of papers and communications, establishment of a library, and the dissemination of knowl- edge on Political and Social topics through its publications and by such other means as may seem suitable. During the winter, regular scientific meetings have been held since the Academy was formed at which the papers submitted have been read and discussed. To carry on the work of the Academy satisfactorily, large funds are necessary. The income of the Academy at present is derived from the Annual Membership Fee, which is $5.00; the Life Membership Fee, which is $100; and from the con- tributions of those who may be willing to assist in its work. It is desired to secure the establishment of prizes and fellow- ships. Anyone may become a member on being approved by the Council and paying the Annual or Life Membership Fee. Members are entitled to receive the regular publications of the Academy, submit papers and communications, and to attend and take part in all scientific meetings. Life mem- bers are exempt from all annual fees. The list of members now includes the names of nearly all the prominent thinkers and writers on Political, Economic and Social topics in the United States and Canada, and many in Europe. The co-operation of all persons interested in the scientific investigation of Political and Social affairs is earnestly so- licited. The proceedings of the Academy are published in the form of a periodical called the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, which, together with such other matter as may be published for that purpose, is sent to all members of the Academy free of charge. A copy of the current number of the Annals will be sent to any one for examination. Papers and communications which the writers wish to submit to the Academy with a view to their being read in a Scientific Session and subsequently published in the Pro- ceedings, as well as applications for membership, should be sent to the following address : American Academy of Political and Social Science, STATION B, PHILADELPHIA, PA. N. B. — Fees and contributions may be remitted by postal order on Philadelphia, or by draft on New York, drawn to the order of the Treasurer, Mr. Stuart Wood, 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.