333.916209773 ST83 1998 A Project of the Critical Trends Assessment Program RiverWatch M' Illinois RiverWatch Stream Monitoring Manual 3rd Edition I LLINOIS EcoWatch DEPARTMENT Of NATURAL RESOURCES DEPOSITORY MAY 2 t t998 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ATURBArJA-CHAN'-^' -•■ Jim Edgar, Governor Brent Manning, Director NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materlalal Tha WMmum Faa lor each Loat Book la SSO.OO. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of txwka are reasons (or discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN SEPO^ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign LiBRARi Friends 2001 L161— O-1096 Illinois RiverWatch Stream Monitoring Manual Illinois Department of Natural Resources Office of Realty and Environmental Planning Division of Energy and Environmental Assessment 524 South Second Springfield, Illinois 62701 3rd Edition Jim Edgar, Governor Brent Manning, Director This manual replaces all previous versions. Printed by the authority of the State of Illinois The Illinois Department of Natural Resources receives federal financial assistance and therefore must comply with federal anti-discrimination laws. In compliance with the Illinois Human Rights Act. the Illinois Constitution, Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as amended, and the U.S. Constitution, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age or disability. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity or facility please contact the Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, Department of Natural Resources, 524 S. Second St., Springfield, IL 62701-1787, (217) 782-7616, or the Office of Human Rights, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 20240. All public meetings conducted by the Department of Natural Resources will be accessible to handicapped individuals in compliance with Executive Order No. 5 and pertinent state and federal laws, upon notification of the anticipated attendance. Handicapped persons planning to attend and needing special accommodations should inform the Department of Natural Resources at least five days prior to the meeting by telephoning or writing the Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, Department of Natural Resources, 524 S. Second St., Springfield, IL 62701- 1787. phone (217) 782-7616. Department of Natural Resources information is available to the hearing impaired by calling DNR's Telecommunications Device for the Deaf: (217) 782-9175. The Ameritech Relay Number is (800) 526-0844. ii RiverWatch 2/98 /VMA IMPORTANT USER NOTE This manual has been developed for use as a training resource with the Illinois RiverWatch Citizen Scientist Training Program. It is intended to supplement personalized training and other materials provided by the program. Please be advised that data collected by certified Citizen Scientists only will be accepted into official databases maintained by the Illinois EcoWatch Network. Contact your nearest EcoWatch Network Regional Office for training and other information. This manual replaces all previous editions. Reproduction is permitted for educational purposes. RiverWatch 2/98 iij iv RiverWatch 2/98 Table of Contents Illinois RiverWatch 1 Biological Survey 3 Habitat Survey 5 Getting Started 9 Step by Step: Getting to Your First Monitoring Session 9 Safety.... 12 Quality Assurance 13 Habitat Survey 15 Site ID 15 Mark Off Your Site 15 Make a Site Sketch 16 Complete the Habitat Survey Data Sheet 17 Biological Survey 21 Sampling Procedures - Riffles 22 Sampling Procedures - Leaf packs 23 Sampling Procedures - Snag areas, tree roots, and submerged logs 23 Sampling Procedures - Undercut banks 24 Sampling Procedures - Sediments 24 Subsampling Procedures 25 Macroinvertebrate Identification 29 Biological Survey Data Sheet 30 Problems and Comments 32 Finishing Up , 33 Crossing the Finish Line: Wrapping Up Your Monitoring Session 33 Beyond Monitoring 34 Appendix A. Factors That Affect Stream Quality in Illinois 35 Appendix B. Glossary 39 Appendix C. References 47 Appendix D. Biological Equipment Suppliers 51 Appendix E. The Life History of Macroinvertebrates 53 Appendix F. Macroinvertebrate Identification Key 63 Appendix G. Data Sheets 87 RiverWatch 2/98 RiverWatch 2/98 Illinois RiverWatch A stream is a combination of all of its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, characteristics which respond to natural and human- caused events, such as flooding, drought, construction, or channel- ization. We can measure the extent to which these conditions have affected a stream by observing the number and type of organisms living in the stream and relating that information to the surrounding habitat. This is what volunteers in Illinois RiverWatch do. They monitor the condition of the habitat and the biology of stream sites, and conduct clean-up and res.toration projects. Established in 1993 by Lieutenant Governor Bob Kustra and coordinated through the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois RiverWatch has three primary objectives: • to educate and inform Illinois citizens about the ecology and importance of Illinois streams; • to provide an opportunity for Illinois citizens to become involved in protecting the health of local streams; and • to provide consistent high-quality data which can be used by scientists to measure how the quality of stream ecosystems is changing over time. Any Illinois citizen can take part in Illinois RiverWatch monitoring. Those who do so will provide valuable information concerning the environmental integrity of the state's stream systems and the knowledge they gain will increase their respect and enjoyment of Illinois' natural resources. Illinois RiverWatch is a component of the Illinois EcoWatch Net- work, a statewide network of volunteers and high school science classes which collect ecosystem data. In addition to RiverWatch, ForestWatch began functioning in 1996, and WetlandWatch and PrairieWatch will be piloted in 1998. The biological monitoring procedures developed for Illinois RiverWatch are for wadeable, small- to medium-size streams. Training to become a Citizen Scientist includes a four-hour field session and a four- hour macroinvertebrate identification session. After being trained, volunteers conduct an Annual Survey of a designated stream site at the same time each year (between May 1 and June 30), and are encouraged to monitor the site at least one more time during the year (although only the Annual Survey data is used by Illinois RiverWatch). The survey provides trend data which is used by Illinois RiverWatch RiverWatch 2/98 to measure change at the site over time. The data is entered into a statewide database via the internet and is downloaded by the Quality Assurance Officer who validates and analyzes the information. The resulting stream data is published annually. As a Citizen Scientist you will study both the organisms of streams (biological monitoring) and their surrounding habitat (habitat characterization). The data you collect will give an immediate characterization of the condition of a stream at the time you sampled it. Data collected over a period of five years or more also begin to show long-term trends in the condition of the stream. Scientists need both sets of information to ascertain the quality of the environment. For example, imagine that Illinois RiverWatch Citizen Scientists have studied a stream for five years, using the same sampling methods at the same study sites. Each year volunteers found the stream to be in "good" condition, according to accepted criteria. Trends over five years, however, tell a different story. As Figure 1 shows, 50- 40- 30- GOOD WATER QUALITY Stream ChmBBcUzatioB Water Tmrbldlty Water VelocttY Year! Yuri YMr S Y«ar 4 YurS A <• PeUatlaa Utalcraat Or(«aiiBB • PollatioB Tekrail Orcaaiiai Figure 1. Example of volunteer data used to show water quality trends. RiverWatch 2/98 the overall number of organisms in the stream were decreasing at a slow but steady rate. The trends also show that (1 ) organisms that can tolerate pollution were becoming more common compared to organisms that are intolerant of pollution; (2) that the stream channel was being channelized (straightened) as homes were constructed alongside it; (3) that the flow of the water was increasing and; (4) that the water had become more turbid (cloudy). Biological Survey Biological monitoring focuses on the organisms living in a stream. Scientists observe changes in the types of organisms in a stream to determine the richness of the biological community. They also observe the total number of organisms present, which is a measure of the density of the biological community. If community richness and community density change over time, it may indicate the effects of human activity. Biological stream monitoring is based on the fact that different species react to pollution in different ways. Pollution-sensitive organisms are more susceptible than others to the effects of physical or chemical changes in a stream. Pollution- tolerant organisms can cope with adverse conditions more easily. The presence or absence of such indicator organisms is an indirect measure of pollution. When a stream becomes polluted, pollution- sensitive organisms decrease in number or disappear, while pollution-tolerant organisms remain stable or increase in number. The indicator organisms used by Illinois RiverWatch are benthic macroinvertebrates, animals big enough to see with the naked eye (macro). Benthic macroinvertebrates lack backbones (invertebrate) and live at least part of their life cycles in or on the bottom of a body of water (benthos). Benthic macroinvertebrates include aquatic insects (such as mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, midges, and beetles), snails, worms, freshwater clams, mussels, and crayfish. Some benthic macroinvertebrates, like midges, are small and may grow no larger than one-half inch in length. Others, like the three ridge mussel, can be more than ten inches long. In addition to being sensitive to changes in the stream's overall ecological integrity, benthic macroinvertebrates have other advantages as indicator organisms. • They are relatively easy to sample. Benthic macroinvertebrates are abundant and can be easily collected and identified by volunteers. RiverWatch 2/98 • They are relatively immobile. Animals such as fish can escape toxic spills or degraded habitats by swimming away, and migratory animals may spend only a small portion of their life cycle in a particular stream before moving on. Changes in populations of mobile species thus do not necessarily signal changes in the stream. • In contrast, most macroinvertebrates spend a large - part of their life cycle (often more than a year) in the same part of a stream, clinging to surfaces so as not to be swept away with the water's current. When such stable communities change over time, it often indicates problems in the stream. • They are continuous indicators of environmental quality. The composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a stream reflects the stream's physical and chemical conditions over time. In contrast, monitoring for certain water qualities (such as the amount of oxygen dissolved in it) describes the condition of the water only at the time the samples were taken. • They are a critical part of the aquatic food web. Benthic macroinvertebrates form a vital link in the web that connects aquatic plants, algae, and leaf litter to the fish species of our rivers and streams. Therefore, the condition of the benthic macroinvertebrate community reflects the stability and diversity of the larger aquatic food web. Life cycles of benthic macroinvertebrates Most of the benthic macroinvertebrates that you will encounter are aquatic insects. Aquatic insects have complex life cycles and live in the water only during certain stages of their development. Aquatic insects may go through one of two kinds of development, or metamorphosis. Aquatic insects that have complete metamorphosis undergo four stages of development. They lay their eggs in water, and they hatch into larvae that feed and grow in the water. (These larval insects do not resemble the adult insects; many appear worm- like.) The fully-grovm larvae develop into pupae that do not feed v^ile they develop the many organs and structures they need as adults, such as wings and antennae. The fully-formed adults of some species (midges and flies, for example) emerge from the water and live in the habitat surrounding the stream. Others, such as riffle beetles, continue to live in the stream itself. After mating, adults of all aquatic insect species lay eggs in the water, beginning the life cycle all over again. RiverWatch 2/98 Aquatic insects that have incomplete metamorphosis undergo only three stages of development. The eggs hatch into larvae, which feed and grow in the water while they develop adult structures and organs; they do this in stages, or in stars, until they emerge as adults. The life cycle begins again when eggs are laid in the water by the adults. Appendix E describes the life histories of many of the aquatic Insects that you will come across during your sampling. Appendix E also provides sketches of the larvae and adult stages of these insects so you can see how they look alike or different. Benthic macroinvertebrates have both common names and scientific names. Because common names may vary, this manual uses scientific names for the most part. Common names are used where they can help in the identification process. Scientific names are commonly derived from Latin or Greek words and reflect the organism's place in the system devised by biologists to classify nature. Each group in this system is called a taxon. The various taxa are arranged in taxonomic ranks from the largest group to the smallest-kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. For example, the Class Insecta includes all of the insects and is made up of many orders, one of which--the Order Ephemeroptera-includes all mayflies. Volunteers will learn to identify benthic macroinvertebrates to the level of Family. Habitat Survey Streams, watersheds and drainage basins Habitat surveys describe conditions in the stream itself, including the areas immediately surrounding the stream. Information gained from the surveys help to explain changes in stream life identified by biological monitoring. In much the same way, the number and variety of the organisms present in a stream is a useful measure of the health of that habitat. Habitat surveys are also useful for classifying streams and for documenting how they change over time. For example, many streams in Illinois have had their channels straightened or dammed and their banks cleared. Such changes have destroyed habitats both within and alongside streams. The loss of these habitats has led to the loss of many aquatic organisms, including whole species of fish, freshwater mussels, crayfish, and aquatic insects. Habitat surveys catalog the nature and extent of these kinds of changes. Stream habitats are complex and assessing their quality requires understanding their many parts. Streams. Streams may begin when water flows from ponds or lakes, or they may arise from below-ground, from springs or seepage areas. RJverWatch 2798 Such "beginner" streams are small, and are referred to as headwater streams. Headwaters flow toward lower-lying land downstream; as they go, they converge with one or more other headwater streams to form medium-size streams. Medium- size streams then flow and converge with other streams (either headwater or medium-size streams) and form rivers. Watersheds and drainage basins. The area of land from which water drains into a given stream is referred to as that stream's watershed. A river's drainage basin is a watershed on a bigger scale-that area of land, including watersheds of headwater streams and medium-size streams, from which all of the river's water drains. Since all of the water in a drainage basin flows to a common point, conditions in the headwater streams affect the larger streams and rivers fed by them. Monitoring the conditions in headwater streams thus gives clues to conditions dovi/nstream. Stream channels. The part of a stream in v\^ich the water flows is the stream channel. The physical characteristics of the stream channel will differ depending on the topography and geology of the area around it. Often the same stream will change at different points along its length as the shape and makeup of the surrounding land changes. Such a stream may contain successive segments (or reaches) that are quite different from each other. Riparian zones. The riparian zone refers to the area of land which is connected with or immediately adjacent to the banks of a stream. It includes the stream banks, wetlands and those portions of floodplains and valley bottoms that support riparian vegetation - the plants found in the riparian zone. The lower stream banks, where the land meets the water, may be home to emergent vegetation - plants that are rooted in the soil below the water, but grow to heights above the water level. Figure 2. Diagram of stream habitats. RiverWatch 2/98 The upper stream banks may have plants that are rooted in the soil, but which can withstand periodic flooding. When the riparian zone is periodically flooded after heavy rains, food, water, and sediment are carried into the stream from surrounding landscape. Plants growing within the riparian zone hold the soil of the stream's banks in place, helping to prevent erosion. The plants also provide habitat for macroinvertebrates and other organisms, such as fish, during floods. Riparian vegetation such as trees and shrubs also influence the amount of sunlight and heat reaching the stream channel. If a stream has no trees or shrubs to shade the water, the temperature becomes too high for most macroinvertebrates to survive. Too much shade would block all sunlight, preventing any algae or aquatic plants to grow in the stream. The amount of shading provided by the trees and shrubs in the riparian zone help to provide the correct amount of heat and light for macroinvertebrates, fish and plants. Stream bottoms In Illinois, the substrate, or bottom, of most stream reaches is either rocky or soft. The bottom along a soft bottom reach is composed of sand, soft mud, or a mixture of both. The bottom of a rocky bottom reach consists of rocks or gravel. The habitat characterization procedures area designed for either rocky bottom or soft bottom reaches. A rocky bottom reach Is composed of three different but interrelated habitats known as riffles, pools, and runs. Riffles are areas of turbulent water created by shallow water passing through or over stones or gravel of fairly uniform size. Riffles are excellent places to collect macroinvertebrates. The gravel and rocks of a riffle create nooks and crannies that macroinvertebrates can cling to, crawl under, and hide behind. Stones in sunlit areas of a riffle are often covered with algae and mosses on which certain stream organisms feed. Leaves and other plant material drifting in the stream current also provide food for some macroinvertebrates in riffle areas. As water tumbles over rocks and gravel in a riffle, oxygen from the air is mixed with it, providing the high levels of dissolved oxygen needed by many benthic macroinvertebrates. Runs are stretches of quieter water commonly found between riffles and pools in larger streams and rivers. Runs have a moderate current and are slightly deeper than riffles. Pools are found both upstream and downstream from riffles. Pools are deeper parts of the stream with relatively slower-moving water. Water in pools differs from the water in other stretches of a river in its chemistry, depth, and speed of RiverWatch 2/98 Figure 3. Rocky bottom reach. current. Pools are catch basins of organic materials. As the current enters a pool it slows down; as it no longer has the energy to carry it, the heavier part of its load of sediment drops to the bottom. Pools usually have larger organisms living in them that have adapted to these habitats. Crayfish for example feed on the organic matter that collects in the bottoms of pools. As noted, riffles, runs, and pools are interrelated habitats. The waters of a pool are affected by what occurs in upstream riffles, and the waters of the riffles are affected by upstream pools. Although pools, runs, and riffles are more or less distinct environments, many organisms inhabit all of them. (Fish, for example, can move among all three.) Some animals of the riffles are carried by the current to downstream pools and/or runs. Many organisms of rocky bottom reaches find food in the riffles of a stream but take shelter in its pools. A soft bottom reach does not have riffle-run-pool habitats. In these reaches, some macroinvertebrates burrow into the sediment of the stream (midge larvae and worms, for example),, while others live in or on submerged and floating logs, submerged roots, vegetation, rip rap along the shore line, or in any leaf or organic debris. 8 RiverWatch 2/98 Getting Started Like most volunteers, RiverWatch Citizen Scientists are always anxious to get started. However, even the most enthusiastic volunteer can have a disappointing experience if he or she is not prepared. This is especially true of RiverWatch, since good data collection requires proper training and close attention to detail. The key to successful stream monitoring lies in being properly prepared before you reach the stream. This chapter describes several steps Citizen Scientists are expected to complete before they monitor. Step by Step: Getting to Your First Monitoring Session Steps Prior to Monitoring • Receive training • Find a partner / form a team • Select a monitoring site • Compiete site documentation • Obtain monitoring equipment • Plan your monitoring session • Conduct your survey Receive Training Before monitoring, RiverWatch volunteers must successfully complete the Citizen Scientist training program. Training is offered on a regular basis throughout the year. Your Regional Office has details on training in your area. Certified Citizen Scientists are qualified to conduct biological and habitat surveys for Illinois RiverWatch on as many sites as they choose. Data collected during the statewide annual monitoring period will be included in the EcoWatch Network database. Find a Partner /Form a Team For safety reasons. Citizen Scientists should never monitor without at least one other person present. Individuals should find a monitoring partner. Groups should form teams of three to five volunteers per site. Where possible, it is recommended that Citizen Scientists work with other trained volunteers. However, non-Citizen Scientists can also be part of your team-as long as each site is supervised by at least one certified Citizen Scientist. EcoWatch Educators can help identify possible monitoring partners for those who need assistance. Contact your regional office for assistance. Select a Monitoring Site Following training. Citizen Scientists are expected to adopt one or more monitoring sites from which they will collect biological data once per year. A Citizen Scientist obtains a site in one of two ways: • Upon request, regional office staff will offer one or more sites from a list of available sites for selection by the Citizen Scientist. This list is referred to as the Regional Open Site List. When an acceptable site is identified and site registration documents are complete, it is assigned to the Citizen Scientist for monitoring. RiverWatch 2/98 9 • Citizen Scientists may also identify a site of their own choosing and register that site with EcoWatch. Each site must meet established criteria for RiverWatch monitoring sites before it is approved as a registered site. Once site registration documents are complete, the site is assigned to the Citizen Scientist for monitoring. Complete Site Documentation Once a suitable monitoring site has been identified, proper site identification information must be completed. This information is kept by the appropriate regional office in a site identification file unique to each site. The file includes landowner contact information and copies of any monitoring data sheets previously completed for the site. The necessary site forms are provided during training and are also available from your EcoWatch Network regional office. They Include: • RiverWatch Site Evaluation Form This form describes specific (on-site) location of the site, access points, suitability of the site, and landowner permission status. • RiverWatch Site Identification Form This form describes the general (roadmap) location of the site, legal description, longitude / latitude coordinates and other location information. • Property Access Agreement Form This form documents the landovmer's or manager's permission to access the site for evaluation and monitoring purposes. It must be completed before monitoring starts. One or more maps (topographic maps, local road maps, etc.) indicating the location of the site should be included. Surrounding roads and access points should also be highlighted. In many cases, necessary site documentation will already be completed for a given site, particularly for those obtained from the Regional Open Site List. Registration of new sites may require more effort. Sufficient time should be allowed for completion of this step prior to monitoring. Generally, it is the Citizen Scientist's responsibility to ensure the proper site documentation has been completed and filed with the appropriate regional office for his or her site. Once your site has been added to the EcoWatch Network Site Identification Database, you will receive a confirmation notice, including the official EcoWatch Network Site Identification Number for your site. Obtain Monitoring Equipment Citizen Scientists are encouraged to purchase their own monitoring equipment. Most items can be obtained from any household or local retail supplier. To assist those unable to obtain their own 10 RiverWatch 2/98 equipment, a limited number of monitoring kits are available on a short-term loan basis from EcoWatch Network regional offices. If you are purchasing your own monitoring equipment, a list of what you will need is on the next page. Monitoring equipment — Tape measure or twine at least 50-feet long and marked off in one-tenth foot lengths (engineering rule) — Thermometer - one that measures temperature on the Celsius scale is preferable, but a Fahrenheit thermometer is acceptable — Compass — Stopwatch or any watch with a second hand — Small float to measure velocity - a small orange or practice golf ball (a.k.a. perforated velocity sphere) will work — White tray marked with a grid of squares of known area (such as 5 centimeters by 5 centimeters) to use in subsampling - a photographic developing tray works well Jar of 70% alcohol, or isopropyl alcohol Bottle of soda water or a thermos of ice cold water (do not use carbonated mineral water or other beverage) — Several small jars with lids (such as baby food jars) for storage of macroinvertebrates — Pencils — Sampling labels (small slips of paper of at least one inch by two inches in size, and some tape) — 3-5 gallon bucket — Hand lens or magnifying glass of at least 8x magnification — Tweezers or forceps (entomology or soft touch forceps work well) — Fine-mesh (0.5 millimeter) D- frame or triangular dip net with a frame at least 12 inches wide — Illinois RiverWatch Stream Monitoring Manual — Field data sheets, photocopied from Appendix G — Water bottle (a clean dishwashing soap bottle) Personal & safety equipment — Reference maps (e.g., state road maps and county maps) indicating general information pertinent to the monitoring area, ■ Including nearby roads RiverWatch 2/98 11 — Walking stick of known length — useful for balance, probing, and measuring (dip net handle can be used) — Boots or waders; tow line and life jackets - be sure that chest waders have a belt — Rubber gloves, to protect against contamination — Camera and film to document specific conditions — Calculator — Insect repellent, sun screen, sun glasses, and a hat — Whistle — Towel, a blanket, and a dry change of clothing suitable for the season, in a waterproof bag — Fire starter (candle and a cheap lighter) . — Small first aid kit, flashlight, and extra batteries — Water for drinking — Water and soap for washing hands See Appendix D for a list of suggested suppliers of biological equipment. All equipment must meet specifications indicated in the list provided above. See Appendix D for a list of suggested equipment suppliers. Plan Your Monitoring Session As the statewide annual monitoring period approaches, plan ahead for your monitoring session. Following these simple steps will help you prepare for your session and ensure that things run smoothly: • Select a date during the statewide annual monitoring period on which to conduct your monitoring session. Consult with your team or monitoring partner to make sure that date works best for everyone. • Notify your regional office of the monitoring date and the site you will be monitoring. If you are monitoring for the first time, your trainers may be able to join you for assistance. • Make a quick visit to your site at least one day prior to monitoring to ensure safe monitonng conditions. • Always contact the ovmer or manager of the property on which your site is located to notify them of your plans. This should be done a week in advance of your monitoring date, but no less than 24 hours prior to monitoring. Conduct Your Survey Once you have completed the steps just outlined, you are ready to monitor your site. Procedures for conducting your habitat and biological surveys are described in the chapters that follow. But first, let's review some important safety 12 RIverWatch 2/98 and quality assurance tips that will help make your monitoring session a big success. Safety Personal safety is one of RiverWatch's greatest concerns. The following precautions should be observed while doing field sampling of any kind. • Before leaving for your site, let someone know where you are going and when you will be expected back. • Always work in groups, or with partners; do not collect information alone, reschedule for a time when other volunteers are available. • Do not collect samples under difficult conditions. Make allowances for your own physical limitations. • Do not walk on unstable banks. Be careful when stepping on rocks and wood, as they may be slippery when wet. Bring along or find a suitable walking stick for balance while climbing down steep banks or wading. • Do not attempt to cross streams that are swift and above the knee in depth. A stream bed can be very slippery and dangerous in places. If you are unsure about the velocity of the water, take a quick velocity and depth measurement (see page 19) and multiply the numbers. If they equal nine or above, the stream is not safe. • Do not cross private property without the landowner's permission. Use public access points (e.g., city or state roads and parks) to approach a monitohng site. • Bring your own fresh water to drink. • Disturb streamside vegetation as little as possible. Watch out for poison ivy, which commonly grows on stream banks. • Wash hands with soap and potable water at the end of the monitoring exercise, and before eating. • Wear shoes rather than sandals or opened-toed shoes. If chest waders are worn, they must be secured at the waist with a belt. • Wear life vests. • If for any reason you do not feel , safe monitoring your stream, reschedule to monitor at another time. Review additional safety guidelines provided in the EcoWatch Network Safety Brochure distributed at your training session. Quality Assurance Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)are critical elements of all standard scientific monitoring procedures. Quality assurance refers to the procedural guidelines RiverWatch 2/98 13 necessary for the collecting and processing of valid scientific data. Quality control refers to the verification of quality assurance procedures by those with quality control authority. QA/QC procedures affect every step of the monitoring process, from specimen collection and identification to data recording to submission. Adherence to established QA/QC guidelines helps to: • establish the credibility of the data collected by demonstrating that the data meet defined standards of quality; and • identify aspects of our training and monitoring programs that need to be improved. It Is important that Citizen Scientists understand that QA/QC procedures are designed to test the validity of the program, not the individual volunteers. QA procedures are integrated throughout the RiverWatch program. By attending training and review sessions, carefully following the procedures, and properly completing the data sheets. Citizen Scientists are already meeting most of the program's QA guidelines. By being familiar with and consistently applying the quality assurance measures throughout the monitoring process, you can significantly improve the quality of their data. To review specific QA guidelines created for RiverWatch, consult the Illinois RiverWatch Quality Assurance Guidelines distributed at your training session. 14 RiverWatch 2/98 Habitat Survey Illinois RiverWatch volunteers conduct an annual survey between May 1 and June 30 every year at their designated stream site. In completing the habitat survey, they describe and rate the physical and chemical characteristics that affect a stream ecosystem, and thus its biotic (or living) community. Some of these characteristics are "natural" to the watershed of which the stream is a part; others are "cultural" and reflect human use of the stream. The habitat survey complements the biological survey described in the following section. You WILL NEED ♦ Site Sketch Sheet and Habitat Survey Data Sheet ♦ Clip board and pencil or pen ♦ Graduated 50-foot length of rope,; or a measuring tape in I engineering rule (marked off in I tenths of a foot) p A watch with a second hand or a stopwatch p An orange or similar biodegradable otiject, or a perforated velocity sphere (a practice golf ball) !♦ Thermometer (°C or °F) ♦ Empty jar ♦ Calculator Site ID Fill out the site ID blocks on all your data sheets before beginning survey procedures. Site ID (RiverWatch site number) Date Stream Name (on USGS topo map) County Also record: • Group name and team members • Start Time/End Time (measured from time all work on site is completed) Mark Off Your Site If the site is located by a bridge, measure 1 00 feet upstream from it. If for some reason a sample cannot be taken upstream from the bridge (for example, no safe access or no owner permission) then measure 1 00 feet downstream from the bridge, noting it on your Habitat Survey Sheet. Begin mapping the area at this point. If the site is in an area of public ownership, such as a state park or forest preserve, and there are no physical obstructions nearby (such as bridges or dams), map the site beginning at the location assigned. Use the following instructions in either case. Note: If you question the condition of your stream site, contact your Regional Office, the RiverWatch Quality Control Officer, or the RiverWatch Coordinator. RiverWatch 2/98 15 i^rvx-'g^^^'^' '^5i»»'l .i^ (U^•« fC«^ .^^ -^f^^ /lng stages, called Instats). an adult or imago. There is no intennediate pupae stage where resemble the adults closely except for wing development Aquatic Insects The aquatic insects comprise the bulk of benthic macroinverfe- brate commimities in healthy, freshwater streams. These insects are mostiy in their immature form and live tiieir adult life on land, sometimes for only a few hours. Most aquatic insects can be di- vided into two separate groups: ones tiiat develop through com- plete metamoiphosis, and ones that develop through incomplete metamoiphosis. Metamoiphosis is the change that occurs during the oiganism's development from egg to adult (see Figure 6). Some aquatic in- sects develop through complete metamoiphosis, which consists of four stages. These immature in- sects are called larvae and they do not resemble the adults and, in fact, may look grossly different During the pupae stage, the or- ganisms inhabit a "cocoon-like" stiucture where the transfonnation from larvae to adult occurs. In- complete metamoiphosis has three main stages of development (except for the mayfly which has two winged growing stages). These immature insects are called nymphs and they undeigo a series of molts imtil the last decisive molt transfonns the oiganism into transfonnation occurs. The nymphs 54 RiverWatch 2/98 Antemo .. , L, Eves V vl^^ i^«rr^ ^ Head / gM \ S^.ir<:::C~S R^r-]®^'*^^*^^ / ^i^n^ ^•-^% .. y Thofox ^'^^ Legs ^v^"^ ?mib:^ [\ J^ V -^s& A ^ v ^ hi ^fif; vk /^ / -V\ tt'l \Ay ■^s^r xs.^ Abdomen ^k£^. "aia^ BSff A All insects (whether they are adults or imma- ture, or whether they develop through complete or incomplete metamorphosis) have three main body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen (Figure 7). Figure 7. Aquatic Insect Body Parts: Main parts consistant in all aquatic insects Aquatic Insects StotufUes Metamoq>hosis: incomplete Nymphs: possess two distinct 'tails' called cerci, which are actually sensory feelers; brightly colored in tan, brown, gold, and black; length varies, tq)to 1 inch. Reproduction: females deposit eggs on top of water where they drift down to the bottom. Adults: resemble nyn^hs, but possess a long pair of wings folded down the length of the body. Food: some stoneflies are carnivorous, others , feed on algae, bacteria, and vegetable debris; eaten by a variety of fish species. RiverWatch 2/98 55 AlderfUes Metamorphosis: cony)lete Larvae: possess a single tail fHameot with disQnct hairs; body is thick-skiimed with 6 to 8 filaments on each side of the abdomen; gills are located near the base of each filament; color brownish. Reproduction: female deposits eggs on vegeta- tion that overhangs water, larvae hatch and fall directly into water. Adults: dark with long wings folded back over the body. Food: larvae are aggressive predators, feeding on other aquatic macroinvcrtebrates; as secondary consumers, they are eaten by other larger predators. adult DobsortfUes Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: often called hellgrammites, possess two large mandibles; several Hlaments are located along the sides of the abdomen; one pair of short tail filaments used for grasping; color brownish to black with a large dark "plate" behind base of head; six legs; length up to 3 inches. Reproduction: female atuches eggs on over- hanging vegetation; when eggs hatch, the larvae fall directly into the water. Adults: possesstwopairof extremely long, colorful wings folded back the length of the body; males possess a pair of long mandibles that can cross that are used to grasp the female during copulation; females possess one pair qf mandibles smaller than those of the male. Food: predaceous larvae feed upon other aquatic macroinvertebrates; larvae widely used as fish bait; important food source for larger game . fish. Snipe Flies Metamorphosis: corr^plete Larvae: elongated, cylindrical, slightly flat- tened; cone-shaped abdomen is characteristic; two, long, fiinged filaments at end of abdomen; color varies; length up to 1/2 incL Reproduction: female dqx>sits eggs on overhang- ing vegetation and immediately dies and remains at- tached to egg mass; larvae batch and drop into water Adults: a moderately sized fly that is usually .found around low bushes, shrubbery, and tall grasses. Food: larvae are predaceous, adults mostly feed on blood. 56 RiverWatch 2/98 Crane Flies Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: dcfmilcly "wonn-like," thick-sldnncd, and brownish-green to somewhat transparcnl or whitish; pointed or rounded at one end and a set of disk-like spiracles at the other, color may be stained greenish or brownish; length up to 3 inches. Reproduction: female deposits eggs on sub- merged vegetation or other debris. Adults: best described as "giant mosquitoes" and possess long legs and plump bodies, but are harmless. Food: mostly plants and plant debris; some are predaceous. Black FUes Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: yrnall , worm-like and bulbous at one end; when out of water, they fold themselves in half while wiggling; color varies from green, brown, gray, but usually black; length up to 1/3 inch. Reproduction: females deposit eggs on sub- merged vegetation at other debris. Adults: fly-Uke; known as a serious pest be- cause they inflict painful bites to warm-blooded animals. Food: larvae cat organic debris filtered from water, adult females of many species feed on blood. Midges (fUes) Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: most species are extremely small and thin; worm-like and wiggle intensely when out of water, color varies from gold, brown, green, and tan io black; length is usually less than 1/2 inch. Reproduction: female dqxwits a gelatinous rpa]t^ of eggs on the water surface or attaches it to submerged vegetatioa Adults: resemble small mosquitoes with fuzzy antennae on males. Food: primarily algae and other organic debris; many feed on other insea larvae. RiverWatch 2/98 57 CaddisJUes Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: worm-like, soft bodies; head contains a hard covering; color can vary from yellow or brown, but usually green; larvae are known for their construction of hollow cases that they either carry with them or attach to rocks; cases are built from sand, twigs, fmall stones, crushed shells, rolled leaves, and baik pieces; cases used for pro- tection and pupation; length up to 1 inch. Reproduction: eggs are encased in a gelatinous mass and are attached to submerged vegetadca or logs. Adults: moth-like, brownish and usually noc- turnal; wings thickly covered with hairs. Food: larvae feed on algae, small bits of plant material, and animals; some species build nets where they catch drifting food; fed upon by sev- eral species of fisL adulf hfayfUes Metamorphosis: incomplete Nymphs: three distinct ceici (tails), occasion- aUy two; cerci may be fuzzy or thread-like, but never paddle or fan-like; color varies from green, brown, grey, but usually black; total length iQ) to 1 inch. Reproduction: female deposits eggs on top of water where they drift to the bottom; some species crawl under water and attach eggs to submerged objects. Adults: resemble nymphs, but usually possess two pair of long, lacy wings folded upright; adults usually have only two cercl Food: consists of small plant and animal de- bris, such as algae, diatoms, and plankton; preyed upon by fish and play an important role in the food chain. Riffle Beetles Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: resemble small "torpedos" with circu- lar stripes or rings around body; pointed at both ends with a "fuzzy" mass at one end; color usually grayish; length less than 1/2 inch. Reproduction: females deposit eggs on plant materials under water. Adults: unique in that they are also aquatic and are found more often than the larvae; adults are bcctic-like, tiny, and usually black. Food: primarily plant material such as diatoms and algae. 58 RiverWatch 2/98 Waur Penny Beetle Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: resemble circular incnistadons on rocks; sucker-like; color green, black, but usually tan or brown; length usually ix) more than 1/2 inch. Reproduction: adult femiales aawl into water and deposit eggs on undersides of stones. Adults: typical beetle shaped-body; resemble an extremely large riffle beetle (not truly aquatic; can be found on emergent rocks in rifiles). Food: primarily plant debris such as algae and diatoms. DamselfUes Metamorphosis: incomplete Nymphs: bodies elongated with three disdnct paddle-like tails (actually gills) located at end of abdomen; six legs positioned near front of body; two large eyes on top of bead; colors range from green, brown, and black; some are robust, others slender; length up to 2 inches. Reproduction: females deposit eggs on top of water where they drift to the bottom. Adults: possess extremely long abdomens; two pairs of wings that are held upright at rest; very colorful in greens, blues, and reds. Food: predaceous, iiyiiq)hs feed on other aquatic macroinvertebrates. DragonfUes Metamorphosis: incomplete Nymphs: vary in shape, but most have nbasu elongated, or "spider-like" bodies, often with al- gae growing on their backs; six legs at side of body or near front on elongated species; two large eyes at sides of heads; a pair of small wings be- gins to develop on back; color varies from brown, black, but often green; length up to 2 inches. Reproduction: eggs are deposited on surface of water and drift to bottom. Adults: similar to adult damselflies, but the two pairs of wings are laid flat or horizontal at rest; some species can attain lengths of over 4 inches. Food: predaceous, nymphs feed upon other aquatic macroinvertebrates. small fish, and tuipoles. RiverWatch 2/98 59 Blood Worm Midges Metamorphosis: complete Larvae: similar to other midges, but are laiger, robust, and distinctly red in color, length up to 1 nvh Reproduction: female dq>osits gelatinous mass of eggs on the surface of water or on submerged vegcution. Adults: resemble smaU mosquitoes with fuzzy antennae on males. Food: primarily algae and other organic debris. Other Aquab'c MacrolnvertebratBS Crayfishes Description: resemble miniature "lobsters"; possess four pairs of walking legs and a pair of strong pinchers; color can be brown, greeo, red- dish, or black; length up to 6 inches. Reproduction: females cany eggs in a mass underneath their tail, whidi resembles a large "raspberry." Food: omnivorous, eating plants and animals; pinchers are used for tearing food into edible fhnnVg crayfish are preyed upon by larger game fish. Freshwater Clams and Mussels Description: include the wnall fingernail clams, European clam (Corbicula), and the larger peariy naiad mussels; fingernail clams are small (no more than 1/2 inch in diameter), fragile, and ate whitish or grayish in color, Corbicula can be larger, 1 to 2 mches m diameter, light colored; mussels are large (up to 9 inches in diameter), robust, thick- or thin-shelled, and usually dark in color. Reproduction: fingernail clams arc self-fertiliz- ing, the young developing inside the water tubes of the adult; mussels have a very elaborate and intriguing process; the larvae, called glochidia, develop inside the adult female and are released into the water where they eventually attach onto a host fish; they then parasitize the fish for about two weeks until they drop ofi^ and develop on the stream bottom into an adulL Food: primarily filter feeders; filter organic debris and plankton out of water, preyed upon by numerous fish and mammaU 60 RiverWatch 2/98 Sowbugs or Aquatic Pill Bugs Description: somewhat flattened; resemble their terrestrial cousins; seven pain of legs; color varies, usually gray, but sometimes brown; length less than 1 inch. Repmduction: eggs are carried under the female's abdomen until they batch. Food: characterized as scavengers, eating both dead and live plant and animal debris. Scuds or Sideswimmers Description: possess extremely flattened sides and a hunq) back; somewhat resemble large "fleas"; several pair of legs; color varies from white, brown, but usually gray; most are very small, but some can reach 1/2 inch in lengtL Reproduction: eggs held by the female in a marsupium (sac) until they halcL Food: characterized as scavengers, eating both plant and animal debris; scuds are an impomnt food source for a variety of fish species. Right-handed and other Snails Description: these are generally the gill-breath- ing snails; right-handed siuuls are identified by their swiriing shell opening on the right-hand side as the point is straight up in the air and the open- ing faces you; color is black, brown or grey, often covered with algae; length is up to 1 inch; other snails represent shells resembling ram's horns. Reproduction: eggs are laid in gelatinous masses usually attached to rocks or other debris. Food: primarily algae that grows on rocks and other debris; occasionally feeds upon decaying plant and animal matter, are preyed upon by fish, turtles, predatory invertebrates, and leeches. RiverWatch 2/98 61 62 RiverWatch 2/98 Appendix F * Macroinvertebrate Identification Key RiverWatch 2/98 63 The following key was adapted from fK Naturalist's Key to Stream Macroinvertebrates for Citizen Monitoring Programs in the Midwest, by Joyce E. Lathrop (Proceedings of the 1990 Midwest Pollution Control Biologists Meeting, Chicago, IL. April 10-13, 1990). William Ettinger (Illinois EPA) modified some of the descriptions to include those macroinvertebrates most commonly found in Illinois streams. I (Denise Stoeckel) modified and added a couple of descriptions so that the organisms found in the key matched the organism names on the data sheets for macroinvertebrate sampling and identification used in the Illinois RiverWatch Netwojk Citizen Scientist Stream Monitoring programs (Trends and Assessments). This key is designed for the person with the least amount of training in macroinvertebrate identification. A more experienced person will find this key to be simplistic, yet useful. It is suggested to use more than one taxonomic key when identifying any organism. A list of suggested taxonomic keys for macroinvertebrates are presented in Appendix E. The following key is composed of sets of choices from which to choose from. Read each choice carefully and compare the organism to the description. Once you find the description which matches your organism's features, go on to the next description indicated. For example,- let say that the figure below is the organism you trying to identify. The first set of descriptions read: 1. A. With a hard calcareous shell of one or two valves. MOLLUSKS 2 Mollusca: Bivalvia (Clams and Mussels), Gastropoda (Snails and Limpets). In general, mollusks are found in hard waters with a pH near or above neutral (pH 7). B. With a spiral (snail-shaped) case of sand; animal hidden within case; body with 6 jointed legs; small and inconspicuous, often overlooked.. SNAIL-CASE CADDISFLIES Tricoptera : Helicopsychidae (Helicopsyche). INTOLERANT. C. . Without a hard, calcareous shell or spiral-shaped sand case; may or may not have non-spiral case of sand, pebbles or plant material 7 You would select choice "C" because your organism does not have a hard, calcareous shell or a spiral-shaped sand case. Also, your organism does not have any type of case. Therefore, you would go on to description #7. You continue with your search until you come upon a description which tells you what type of organism you have, and no more additional descriptions are given. Size range estimates of the organisms are given as line figures beneath many of the descriptions. Size range estimates look like this: SrvvjlW ^ The smaller of the brackets shows the smallest size range for this organism, and the laraest of the brackets shows the largest size range of the organism. 64 RiverWatch 2/98 Pollution tolerance Information for many of the organisms is also given. Common names are used for identification, but the taxonomic names (order, family and some genera) are also given as an educational tool and as a reference v^'hen using additional keys. Numbers which are in parentheses next to the description's number (see example) indicate which description was used to reach your present position. This information is provided to help you back track your search in case you made a mistake in the identification of the organism. If you reach a point in your search where the final description does not match the organism, then follow your path backwards until you find the particular description where a mistake was made. Once you reach this point, decide again which description best fits the organism you are looking at. Proceed on your new path towards identifying the organism. If you have back tracked your way to a description where the mistake was possibly made, ask someone else to make the decision for you, or ask for help from your regional coordinator or instructor. An example of a macroinvertebrate description: 3(2). A. Snails with an operculum (a hard covering used to close the aperture or opening) OTHER SNAILS Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Six families. (Operculate Snails)!" i Jc^na^o^ MODERATELY TOLERANT *-T.,i^«nc^ ^'^is crj^an-s-^ LL J4— €«A b*** •3,/V. Snails without an operculum; lung breathing snails (Pulmonata) ... .4 , t , . 33. /(^ t>escr".jrKon. DPCRCuLn^ RiverWatch 2/98 65 Basic Insect Morphology An insect's body is generally divided into three major sections: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. The thorax of an insect is separated further into three more sections named the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. Wings or wing pads are found on the mesothorax and metathorax. One pair of legs are generally found on each of the thoracic segments. The legs of an insect have parts which are similar to our legs. The first leg segment coming from the body is called the femur. The next leg segment is called the tibia. The feet of an insect are referred to as tarsi. The tarsi are separated further into segments called tarsal segments. The following words below are used in the key. These words indicate where to look on an insect's body for a particular identifying mark. 1. Anterior - In the direction of the head. 2. Posterior-lnthedirectionof the anus (or end of abdomen). 3. Caudal - Found at the tip of the abdomen. 4. Dorsal - Refers to the back, or top of the organism. 5. Ventral - Refers to the belly, or bottom of the organism. Head riioRkt ABDoAKEKJ 4^ yosnUioR C^DAL 66 RiverWatch 2/98 1. With a hard calcareous shell of one or two valves. MOLLUSKS 2 Mollusca: Bivalvia (Clams and Mussels), Gastropoda (Snails and Limpets). In general, mollusks are found in hard vi'aters with a pH near or above neutral (pH 7). B. With a spiral (snail-shaped) case of sand; animal hidden within case; .body with 6 jointed legs; small and inconspicuous, often overlooked OTHER CADDISFLIES Tricoptera : Helicopsychidae {Helicopsyche). Snail Case Caddisflies. INTOLERANT. C. Without a hard, calcareous shell or spiral-shaped sand case; may or may not have a non-spiral case of sand, pebbles or plant material 7 lA. m ^^ 1^' ^^^^^^ 2(1). A. Shell of one valve. SNAILS 3 B. Shell of two valves held together by a non-calcareous ligament. CLAMS AND MUSSELS 6 2A. 2S. 1$^ RiverWatch 2/98 67 3(2). A. Snails with an operculum (a hard covering used to close the aperture or opening) OTHER SNAILS Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Six families. (Operculate Snails) MODERATELY TOLERANT U 1 B. Snails without an operculum; lung breathing snails (Pulmonata) ... .4 •2,A-. OPeRCuLrv^ 4(3). A. Shell discoidal (coiled in one plane) PLANORBID SNAILS Gastropoda: Planorbidae. Generally found in slower waters such as runs. MODERATELY TOLERANT. I L %. B. Shell patelliform (cup shaped), limpet-like. . . . FRESHWATER LIMPETS Gastropoda: Ancyclidae. Found in riffles. MODERATELY TOLERANT. Shell with a distinct spiral 5 48. i,^e.'l'ie<^ -fifilt'-i 68 RiverWatch 2/98 5(4). A. Shell sinistral ("left-handed") POUCH SNAILS Gastropoda: Physidae {Physella). Often found in slower waters GENERALLY TOLERANT. I I I B. Shell dextral ("right-handed) RIVER AND POND SNAILS Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae. GENERALLY TOLERANT 1—1 I NOTE: "Handedness" is determined by liolding the shell spire up and the .. • aperture facing you. If the aperture is on the right, the snail is "right-handed" or dextral; if the aperture is on the left, the snail is "left-handed" or sinistral. 5A. Qp2^A sVv/l •Sp-re- OpjO-s. ^ +*^« l^"^ S-6. ■Apcrfl^'"t 6(2). A. Small bivalves, adults <2 cm long FINGERNAIL AND ASIATIC CLAMS Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae and Corbiculidae. Fingernail clams are very small, with thin fragile shells. Asiatic clams have larger, thicker shells with obvious growth rings. FAIRLY INTOLERANT. LJ I B. Large bivalves, adults mostly >2 cm long CLAMS AND MUSSELS Bivalvia: Unionidae. Very young individuals may be less than 2 cm long. I— I __^ NOTE: Characteristics used to distinguish different bivalves are internal but most have distinct shells and can be roughly picture keyed. y^' RiverWatch 2/98 ^e. 69 7(1). A. Entire body distinctly segmented, flattened and oval in shape; the head, 6 pairs of jointed legs and gills are hidden ventrally (beneath the body); copper or brown in color; cling tightly to rocks. .... WATER PENNIES Coleoptera : Psephenidae. INTOLERANT B. Body oval or elongate, soft and indistinctly segmented; head, legs and • gills lacking; with anterior and posterior ventral (bottom) suckers . . LEECHES Hirudinea MODERATELY TOLERANT LJ 1 C. Body not a distinctly iflattened ova! shape; with or without legs; without suckers 8 7A. 7a Tap BoTTorA Tc-p Cdfi^^ 8(7). A. With more than 6 true, jointed legs. CRAYFISH. SCUDS AND SOWBUGS 9 B. With 6 true, jointed legs. (Insecta; except Diptera) 11 0. With less than 6 true, jointed legs, although non-jointed legs (prolegs) may be present; body often worm-like ... .31 ■! 1 '-< 70 RiverWatch 2/98 9(8). A. B. Generally large organisms with 2 large claws (chelipeds). one or both of which may be missing. Small (young) individuals are common '" some _■„_ CKAYrloH areas in spnng Crustacea: Decapoda (Cambaridae). FAIRLY INTOLERANT. Smaller organism , lacking large claws 10 %. ^6. 10(9). A. Flattened laterally (from side to side); tan. white or gray in color. SCUDS Amphipoda INTOLERANT. B Flattened dorsoventrally (top to bottom); gray in color • f ^^^^i^.^, Isopoda. Sowbugs resemble the terrestrial "pill bugs" which belong to the same order. Isopoda MODERATELY TOLERANT. l_i I laA. i03 RiverWatch 2798 71 11(8). A. With three broad, oar-like "tails" (gills); body long and thin; wing pads present. DAMSELFLIES 12 Odonata (Zygoptera) B. With 1 , 2, or 3 thin caudal filaments ("tails") 13 C. With no thin caudal filaments; prolegs or other appendages such as spines or hooks (tarsal claws) may be present .-..18 II A. \\Z. 12 (1 1 )A. Long, slender body with long legs; first antennal segment is much longer than the other segments; caudal gills are long and slender with the outer gills being longer than the inner gill BROADWINGED DAMSELFLIES Odonata(Zygoptera): Calopterygidae INTOLERANT B. Body is relatively short; antennae are made of segments of similar size; gills are broad and leaflike, and pointed at tips NARROWWINGED DAMSELFLIES Odonata(Zygoptera): Coenagrionidae FAIRLY INTOLERANT I I I I2A. arc IcnC^r ^A<\ a^' 72 ore >'.m'il*f n4-b brcflJ.lt^Pl.ke. S'il'- 13(11)A. With 1 caudal filament; body brown or copper In color, ^^^^^[^^^^^|1*|_,^5 lighter In color Megaloptera: Sialidae {Sialis). INTOLERANT J I With 2 caudal filaments. STONEFLIES and OTHER MAYFLIES ... .14 With 3 caudal filaments. MAYFLIES .15 NOTE: The caudal filaments of mayflies often break off easily: look for "tail stubs". You will need a hand lens to see the tarsal claws. B. C. 13A. 138. \sc. 14(/3)A. B. One tarsal claw; gills present on abdominal segments; mdivkl^uaj^^^^^^^ rpheS-a'"oL-membersofthefamiiiesHep^ Baetidae. SOMEWHAT INTOLERANT 2 tarsal claws- gills, if visible, are not located on abdomen; body tan bro^ln orTenow'sometimes patterned; size varies but most are^ob^usL^^ Plecoptera: Several families. INTOLERANT m me>. RiverWatch 2/98 73 15(13)A. Mandibles modified Into tusks (elongated past head); body creamy white. tan or with brown and white pattern; gills forked BURROWING MAYFLIES Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae, Potamanthidae. Found in soft substrates burrowing In sand, mulch, silt, etc. FAIRLY INTOLERANT. I I I B. Without tusks 16 /S-S. 16(1 5)A. Body flattened dorsoventrally (top to bottom); eyes large and located on top of head CLINGING MAYFLIES Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae. Tolerance ranges from intolerant to somewhat tolerant; three common genera {Stenacron, Stenonema and Heptagenia) are intolerant. I I I B. Body not flattened dorsoventrally 17 K^rv. i68. 74 RIverWatch 2/98 17(16)A. B. 18(11)A. Body slightly compressed from side to side; thorax slightly humped; torpedo-shaped; front legs with a dense row of hairs TORPEDO MAYFLIES Ephemeroptera: Oligoneurldae. One of the swimming mayfly groups INTOLERANT I ' I Body not compressed from side to side; front legs without a dense row of hairs; gills on abdomen resemble two plates CRAWLING MAYFLIES Ephemeroptera: Caenidae and Tricorythidae FAIRLY INTOLERANT L_J I Body not compressed from side to side; front legs without a. dense row of hairs; no plate gills on abdomen SWIMMING MAYFLIES Ephemeroptera: Baetididae and Siphlonurldae INTOLERANT , ^ ^ 1 \ I Jli-T^p back. HA. ^ ^ ' eUom heir »^ T I ns. Entire body including the front wings are hard; small, dark beetles which are long and thin, or ovoid in shape . . ... ADULT RIFFLE BEETLES Coleoptera: Elmidae and Dryopidae. I — I I B. Entire body not hard 19 l?A. \s3. RiverWatch 2/98 75 19(18)A. B. With external wing pads; lower jaw (labium) large, hinged and folded up on itself concealing other mouthparts DRAGONFLIES Dragonflies are seldom found in riffles, but may be found buried in soft sediments (e.g., sand, silt or mud) or in vegetation and detritus along the stream edge or in slightly slower waters. Odonata: Anisoptera. FAIRLY INTOLERANT Without external wing pads; labium not hinged 20 HA. 196. 3jixiic« 20(1 9)A. Abdomen with lateral appendages 21 B. Abdomen without lateral appendages (ventral gills may be present) . .23 '"'■ J aoB. 76 RiverWatch 2/98 •21(20)A. Lateral appendages long and thick; abdomen terminating in a single slender filament, or in prolegs, each with two terminal hooks; body dark brown to black; most are large, some to 10 cm (4 in.) long 22 B. Lateral appendages long and thin, or short and thick; abdomen terminating in 2 slender filaments, or in a median proleg with 4 hooks; body lighter in color, tan, whitish or yellow; mostly smaller (< 2 cm lorig) BEETLE LARVAE Coleoptera: Gyrinidae (Whirligig Beetles) INTOLERANT I I I 21 A. ^ •218. 22(21 )A. Abdomen with a single caudal filament Megaloptera: Sialidae (Sialis) INTOLERANT .ALDERFLY LARVAE J I B. Abdomen with hooks on short appendages DOBSONFLY LARVAE or HELLGRAMMITES Megaloptera: Corydalidae. One genus {Corydalus) has abdominal gill tufts under the lateral appendages. INTOLERANT I : I 1 224. 2.26. RiverWatch 2/98 77 23(20)A. With hooks at end of abdomen; individuals often curl into a "C" shape when held or preserved; body color variable, but head usually brown or yellow; abdomen whitish, tan or green; pronotum (first dorsal thoracic segment) with a distinctly scleriterized plate; abdomen membranous and of a different color from thoracic plates; many build some sort of portable or stationary case of plant material, sand or pebbles. CADDISFLIES. . 25. B. Without hooks at the end of the abdomen; no gill structures on abdomen; 6 true (segmented) legs on thorax and no prolegs on abdomen 24 23A. 24(23)A. B. 2yA. Thorax and abdomen are similar in width giving the organisms a "tube- like" shape; body brown, copper-colored or tan; body somewhat "leathery" in appearance RIFFLE BEETLE LARVAE Coleoptera: Elmidae and Dryopidae. Riffle beetle larvae resemble midge larvae and are about the same size but riffle beetle larvae are leathery rather than membranous and have segmented legs (true legs) on the abdomen. FAIRLY INTOLERANT I i_j Body is "submarine shaped"; abdomen made up of 8 segments; legs on thorax have 5 segments with two claws PREDACIOUS WATER BEETLE LARVAE Coleoptera: Dyticidae. NOTE: No tolerance value is given for this family, but indicate the number of larvae you collected for trend assessment. u_i . — • Abdomen is largely membranous and wrinkled, sometimes with long filaments; mandibles are large and well developed; legs on thorax have 4 segments with one claw WATER SCAVENGER BEETLE LARVAE Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae. NOTE: No tolerance value is given for this family, but indicate the number of larvae you collected for trend assessment. j_i ^ 1 78 §^ipniiri« 24 C. pobJo'^iAai 25(23)A. Without a portable case (some build stationary cases made of small rocks and sand) 26 26(25)A. B. 26 /^ Head as wide as thorax; dorsal plates found either on the first thoracic segment or on all three thoracic segments; builds stationary cases of stone and sand on rocks 27 Head nan-ower than thorax; dorsal plates on first thoracic segment, and on last abdominal segment; free living caddisfly; builds no case OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae. (Free-living caddisflies). INTOLERANT I I 1 u RiverWatch 2/98 79 •27(26)A. Each thoracic segment with a single dorsal plate; abdomen with gills ventrally (on bottom); >5 mm in length HYDROPSYCHIDAE Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae. Net spinning caddisflies. FAIRLY INTOLERANT I I I NOTE: Microcaddisflies, which also have 3 dorsal plates on the thorax, resemble Hydropsychids when the former are out of their cases. Microcaddisflies are very small (mostly <5 mm), lack abdominal gills, and their abdomens are swollen (larger than thorax). They build cases of silk which are sometimes covered with sand or other substrates. B. 27A. Prothorax with a dorsal plate, mesonotum (second thoracic segment) and metanotum (third thoracic segment) partly or entirely membranous. OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Three families, Psychomyiidae, Philopotamidae and Polycentropodidae (Net-spinning caddisflies). INTOLERANT I — I 1 278. 28(25)A. Caseof organic detritus (e.g., small sticks, leaves) 29 B. Case of sand or small stones . .30 NOTE: There are two groups of Tube-case Caddisflies, one builds organic tubes and the other mineral tubes. C. Case of silk, may be covered with sand or organic material; animal very small (2-5 mm); each thoracic segment with a single dorsal plate; no ventral abdominal gills OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae. (Purse-case or Microcaddisflies). Resemble the Hydropsychidae but much smaller and without ventral abdominal gills. INTOLERANT. Z^A "-I 2?S. i (^ ^ 2SC- Suxilep 80 RiverWatch 2/98 29(29)A. Case is square in cross section OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Brachycentridae. (Brachycentrid Caddisflies) INTOLERANT. I I I B. Case-is cylindrical OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Leptoceridae, Phryganiidae, Limnephilidae, and Lepidostomatidae. (Tube-case Caddisflies). INTOLERANT I L_ 1 2^ A 2U. 30(28)A. Case shaped like a snail shell and made of sand OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae. (Snail-case Caddisflies) INTOLERANT I J B. Case made of small stones and turtle shell shaped (top Is dome shaped; underside is flat) OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Glossosmatidae. (Saddle-case Caddisflies) INTOLERANT I I C Tube made of sand or stone, and shaped like a tube OTHER CADDISFLIES Trichoptera: Three families: Molanidae, Limnephilidae, and Odontoceridae. INTOLERANT RiverWatch 2/98 81 31(8) A. Body with a distinct, visible head capsule 32 B. Body without a distinct head capsule or head capsule retracted 36 3jA. 31 e. ^ 32(31 )A. Body with 1 or 2 pairs of prolegs either of which may appear as a single leg 35 B. Body without prolegs 33 C. Body made up of 6 segments; with a row of "suckers" on the underside (or ventral) of the body > OTHER FLIES Diptera: Blephariceridae. Net-winged midges. I— I I 82 RiverWatch 2/98 33(32)A. End of abdomen with a breathing tube or a tube-like process 34 B. No breathing tube or tube-like process found at the end of abdomen. Body is straight and slender . . . ". BITING MIDGES Diptera: Ceratopogonidae. Also known as "punkies" or "no-see-ums" FAIRLY INTOLERANT •3oA. 32^3. 34(33)A. Body segment behind head (or first thoracic segment) is enlarged. Tip of abdomen with a breathing tube and hair-like bristles. . . . OTHER FLIES Diptera: Culicidae. Mosquitoes. B. Head is completely visible. Tip of abdomen with a large tube and a tuft of hair. Organism is small in size (under 4 mm). Dorsal plates can be found on each segment OTHER FLIES Diptera: Psychodidae. Moth Flies. 3HPc. cP hAir S46. RiverWatch 2/98 83 35(32)A. . With 1 pair of anterior prolegs; abdomen with a distinct bulge posteriorly (abdomen is swollen at end); usually gray or mottled brown in color . . BLACK FLIES Diptera: Simuliidae. Usually found in very fast moving water. MODERATELY TOLERANT ■ ' • I B. With 1 pair anterior (near head) and 1 pair posterior (on abdomen) prolegs; body tubular, width about equal throughout (no posterior bulge); color variable but usually white, green or red 37 Diptera: Chironomidae. True Midges C. With 2 pairs of prolegs on body segments behind head. Tip of abdomen with two hair fringed lobes and a tube-like process OTHER FLIES Diptera: Dixidae. Dixid Midges. SSA. 35^- 2>SC. VkeKb 36(31 )A. Body with tubercles (small thin tubes) on top (dorsal) and sides (lateral) r' the body or abdomen. With 8 pairs of abdominal prolegs and a pair of long terminal appendages; head region Is long in length SNIPE FLIES Diptera: Athericidae (>Af/jenx) FAIRLY INTOLERANT B. Body without dorsal and lateral tubercles; with 8 or less pairs of prolegs; abdomen terminates in 1-4 rounded lobes tipped with short hairs. . . . OTHER FLIES Diptera: Empipidae. Dance Flies. C. With characteristics other than those listed in A.; if prolegs present, then without a pair of long terminal appendages and head is not long in length; prolegs may be lacking altogether 38 3U. 3t8 ■'^HrsP^ntVtf?*' "^^^WKSc^ 84 RiverWatch 2/98 37(35)A. Body is red in color (may be clear or tan if organism is preserved); end of abdomen has four tubules positioned before the last pair of prolegs. BLOOD WORMS Diptera: Chironomidae. TOLERANT B. Body is white or green in color; end of abdomen does not posses four tubules before last pair of prolegs MIDGES Diptera: Other Chironomidae. MODERATELY TOLERANT t \v,u\e^ W-P/'" % 38(36)A. Head is small, dark and usually retracted into thorax; usually with 4 to 8 short tubes at one end (posterior, or on the abdomen) arranged in a circular pattern, although some generally have less than 4 tubes; body usually soft and membranous CRANEFLIES Diptera: Tipulidae INTOLERANT B. Head is small and fleshy (not dark) and not retracted Into thorax; body appears leathery and yellow or brown and covered with tubercles (or bumps)- tip of abdomen has lobes sun-ounding the spiracular disk at the tip, . . .' . OTHER FLIES Diptera: Sciomyzidae. Marsh Flies. C. Spindled shaped body; no tubercles on end of abdomen; may have prolegs • ^^ 3?A. 2^6. T.F 4 RiverWatch 2/98 ®^ 39(38)A. B. C. Possess prolegs and some type of caudal process which may be a long process extending from tip of abdomen, a fleshy bifurcated tail (split in two) or a tube like structure OTHER FLIES Diptera: Empididae. Dance Flies Ephydridae. Shore Flies Body is spindle-shape with not type of structure on the tip of the abdomen. A "girdle" of false legs on each segment .... OTHER FLIES Diptera: Tabanidae. Deer Flies and Horse Flies I 1 I Body does not have any characteristics listed above. May possess 2 suckers (one anterior and one posterior). May have eyespots. . . .40 3?A. 3? 8. "^xsi^m^ 40(39)A. Body segmented, thin and hairlike, not flattened; resemble earthworms AQUATIC WORMS Annelida: Oligochaeta. Better known as aquatic oligochaetes, they are related to the terrestrial earthworms. TOLERANT u -I B. Body flattened and indistinctly segmented (segmentation may not be seen); long or oval in shape; ^N\\\\ anterior and posterior ventral suckers (suckers may be found on the bottom of the animal; one located at the head and the other at the end of the abdomen) LEECHES Annelida: Hirudinea. MODERATELY INTOLERANT L_J '. 1 C. Body wide, flattened, and not segmented, often gray; visible eye spots. FLATWORMS Platyheiminthes: Turbellaria MODERATELY TOLERANT L_i 1 86 i.i.-n. Tap n/i«40 {\ieJ\hna\') RiverWatch 2/98 Appendix G Data Sheets The following pages contain sample data sheets used for Illinois RiverWatch. Please obtain oflficial data forms at your RiverWatch training or review session or from your EcoWatch Network regional office. RiverWatch 2/98 87 Kiverwaich Habitat Survey Sheet SITE ID #: PRACTICE STREAM NAME SHEET COUNTY: ONLY DATE: Names Start Time am pm (STT) *Please circle the correct time period End Time am om (ENT) PRESENT WEATHER (PRW) 1. Clear/Sunny 2. Overcast 3. Showers (intermittent rain) 4. Rain (steady rain) 5. Storm (heavy rain) WEATHER IN PAST 48 HOURS (WIP) 1. Clear/Sunny 2. Overcast 3. Showers (intermittent rain) 4. Rain (steady rain) 5. Storm (heavy rain) TEMPERATURE Water "F "C (WTForWTC) Air T 'C (ATF or ATC) Circle the unit of measurement WATER APPEARANCE (WAP) WATER ODOR (WOD) TURBIDITY (TUR) I.Clear 1. None I.Clear 2. Milkv 2. Sewaae 2. Sliaht 3. Foamy 3. Chlorine 3. Medium 4. Dark Brown 4. Fishy 4. Heavy 5. Oily Sheen 5. Rotten Eaas 6. Reddish 6. Petroleum 7. Green 7. Other S.Other Algal Grov/th (ALG) % of stream bottom covered Are there Submerged Aquatic Plants? (SAP) Yes No (Circle) Types? Listthetypes of the riparian (stream side) vegetation present at your stream site (RSV). Estimate Canopy Cover (CNC). % of stream site shaded. Bottom Substrate. Record percentage of each of the materials that make up the stream bottom. Note all that are present. Bedrock (BDK) Cobble (2.5 in. - 1 in.) (CBB) Sand (< 0.1 in.) (SND) Boulder (> 10 in) (BLD) Gravel (0.1 in - 2.5 in.) (GRV) Silt (SLT) Other (OBS) EMBEDDEDNESS (EMB) Check the description that best describes the percentage of gravel, cobble, and boulder surface covered by fine sediment or silt. 1. 0to25% 2. 25-50% 3. 50-75% 4. 75-100% stream Discharge Estimate Stream width (STW): feet. Depth Measurement A 1. feet 2. feet 3. feet Velocity Calculation 10ft+ seconds = ft/sec 10ft+ seconds = ft/sec 10ft+ seconds = ft/sec Average Depth _ (ASD) feet B Average Velocity _ (ASV) ft/sec C Discharge (width x depth x velocitv) feet x A feetx B C ft/sec = ft^/sec (SDG) Watershed Features Indicate whether the following land uses are dominant (D) or occur in just small areas (x) upstream and surrounding your stream site. If a listed land use is not present, leave blank.: Forest (W01) Logging (W02) Golf Course (W03) Grassland (W04) Ungrazed Fields (W05) Commercial/Industrial (W06) Scattered Residential (WOT) Urban (W08) Cropland (W09) TYPE? (W09T) Sewage Treatment (W10) Park(W11) Mining (W12) TYPE7W12T) Sanitary Landfill (W13) Livestock Pasture (W14) Housing construction (W15) Please circle Yes or No and provide the necessary information to answer the following questions: Upstream Dam? (UPD)(including beaver dams) Yes No. If Yes, how far upstream is the dam? (DUD) Wastewater treatment discharge upstream? (WTD) Yes No. If Yes. How far upstream?(DWT) Any pipes emptying directly into or near your study site? (PIP) Yes No. Channel Alteration (CHA). Has the stream been channelized (straightened) at your study site? Yes No If Yes, what percentage of your study site has been channelized?(PCH)_ % Habitat Survey Notes (HNT) (include sediment odors, appearance, and/or the presence of silt, watershed features present but not used on this data sheet, and any other information you feel is important or interesting to mention): "PLEASE VERIFY YOUR DATA SHEETS** CllLihN SCIHNI IS 1 INITIALS DATE CITIZEN SCIENTIST INITIALS DATE ECOWATCH STAFF INITIALS DATE RiverWakh Biological Survey Sheet SITE ID #: PRACTICE STREAM NAME SHEET COUNTY: ONLY DATE: Which two habitats did you sample? (Check the two answers that apply)(HA1 and HA2) 1.RIFFLES 2. LEAF PACKS 3.SNAG AREAS, ETC. 4.UNDERCUT BANKS, 5. SEDIMENT MACROINVERTEBRATES OF SPECIAL INTEREST Indicate whether or not you noticed any of the following organisms at your stream site by circling YES or NO. NATIVE MUSSELS?(NML) YES NO 1 ZEBRA MUSSELS?(ZML) YES NO FINGERNAIL CLAMS?(FCL) YES NO ASIATIC CLAMS?(ACL) YES NO RUSTY CRAYFISH?(CFH) YES NO SUBSAMPLING PROCEDURE NOTE: If you collect 100 or less organisms, there is no need to subsample. Simply preserve the whole sample. If you collect more than an estimated 100 organisms, then proceed with subsampling procedures. Use the subsampling grid below to help you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A. Total # of Organisms Subsampled: B. # of Squares Selected: C. Organisms per Square (A-^B): D. Organisms in Tray (Cx9 0RCx12): organisms/square organisms/tray (TRY) PLEASE ENTER END TIME ON THE HABITAT SURVEY DATA SHEET WHEN FINISHED MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION CODE ORGANISM N Ti Tv FLW Flatwonn 6.0 AQW Aquatic Wonn 10.0 LEE Leech 8.0 SBG Sowbug 6.0 SCD Scud 4.0 DGF Dragonfly 4.5 DM1 Broadwinged Damselfly 3.5 DM2 NaiTOWwinged Damselfly 5.5 HT.T, Hellgraininitc 3.5 MFl Torpedo Mayfly 3.0 MF2 Swimming Mayfly 4.0 MF3 Clinging Mayfly 3.5 MF4 Crawling Mayfly 5.5 MF5 Burrowing Mayfly 5.0 MF6 Other Mayfly 3.0 STF Stonefly 1.5 CFl Hydropsychid Caddisfly 5.5 cn Non-Hydrospychid Caddisfly 3.5 RFB Riffle Beetle 5.0 WHB Whirligig Beetle 4.0 WPB Water Penny BeeUe 4.0 CRF Crane Fly 4.0 BIM Biting Midge 5.0 BLW Bloodworm 11.0 MID Midge 6.0 BLF Black Fly 6.0 SNF Snipe Fly 4.0 OTF Other Fly 10.0 LHS Left-Handed Snail 9.0 RHS Right-Handed Snail 7.0 PLS Planorbid Snail 6.5 LIM Limpet 7.0 OPS Opcrculatc Snail 60 TOTALS TAXA = IN ZT,, MBI= ITv-IN= <6.0 = GOOD Water Quality 6.1 - 7.5 = FAIR Water Quality 7.6 - 8.9 = POOR Water Qualit>' > or = 9.0 = VERY POOR Water Quality SAMPLE DENSITY = SN = TAXA RICHNESS = ZTAXA = PERCENT COMPOSTION OF INDICATOR ORGANISMS SUBTOTAL % = % ALL OTHERS (100 % - SUBTOTAL %)=_ (PAO) NOTES (MNT): ORGANISM N -T- ZN xIOO = %C MAYFLIES (PMF) H- xlOO = STONEFLES (PSF) -i- xlOO = CADDISH ,IFS(PCF) ^ xlOO = BLOODWORMSCPBW) -^ xlOO = AQUATIC WORMS(PAW) -e- xlOO = "PLEASE VERIFY YOUR DATA SHEETS" CITIZEN SCIENTIST INMIALS CITIZEN SCIENTIST INITIALS ECOWATCH STAFF INITIALS DAlt DATE DATE LU O O UJ UJ X (/) z o 0) C < (0 — XJ . m c o 2 «- E-5-5 S < z * s ^ ... —. iS S UJ UJ S 3 H t H 0< (0 (0 o o 0) 0) to 0) to c _ (0 a> c « ^ .2 0) S D) O g ^ - 0) i; <-< *-■ i; (0 (D CD O $ ^ 8 o *r C (0 °i2 « c o U) 0) .2 0) o c c a> (0 (D (0 fe W E-E-E o - (0 •— v> o © E i= ^ TO « CO "O 0) 0} CO £ CO T3 c C - 0) i5 -o to § o E - — s }« CO a 2 T3 (O" % (0 0) ro CM 0. i_ ^ . n -J (0 (D c ■c X— _> 0) > <0 c 5 0) p t_ (D (0 h 'i— 0) CO CO -J 0) c (0 •? (0 (O 01 (- D 1^ ? (0 XJ (O ^ L. RiverWotch Data Processing Questionnaire This sheet must be completed for all stream sites. Unless accompanied by this sheet, data will not be accepted into the statewide annual database. The following questions must be answered following the completion of the Site Sketch. Habitat Survey, and Biological Sun/ey data sheets for each stream site monitored. These questions are included for data tracking and quality assurance purposes. Please check the appropriate response tc each question. Site identification number 1. Including this year, how many years have you monitored with Illinois RiverWatch? One Two Three Four Other years Date last trained: 2. Including yourself, how many volunteers monitored this site? 3. Was the habitat survey and biological survey for this stream site conducted with the assistance of an EcoWatch Educator? 4. Was the macroinvertebrate identification for this stream site conducted with the assistance of an EcoWatch Educator? 5. Are you a high school science teacher? If YES. please complete 4a and 4b below: 4a. Did you monitor this stream site with your high school science class? 4b. Did you receive RiverWatch training through the PLAN-IT EARTH program? 6. Are you affiliated with any of the following: Consen/ation-2000 Ecosystem Partnership If so, which one ? Chicago Wilderness The Nature Conservancy's Volunteer Stewardship Network 7. If possible, would you prefer to submit your data electronically using the internet? people Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Yes. No Signature Date Name (please print) THANK YOU for your assistance as an Illinois EcoWatch Network Citizen Scientist. We look forward to working with you during our next statewide monitoring effort. Please contact your nearest regional office with any questions concerning this or other EcoWatch Network programs. UNivERsrrv of illihois-urbama 3 0112 042522042