J I OAK *^-Te IDfif FINAL REPORT TO THE Trustees of t(je Covington Reservoir, WITH AN APPENDIX. G. BOUSCAREN, CHIEF ENGINEER. August 1st, 1891. CINCINNATI, O. : Tup: Wrightpon Printing Company. 18 91 . Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/finalreporttotruOObous INDEX. PAGE. Final Report of the Chief Engineer 5 General Remarks 5 Reservoir 6 Pumping Station 26 Pipe Lines 40 Engineering 52 Appendix : Exhibit A. — General form of Contract 55 “ B — Specifications for the Construction of Reser- voir 60 “ C. — Specifications for Cast Iron Pipe 82 D. — Specifications for Delivery of Pipes and Castings 86 “ E. — Specifications for Floating Tubes, Washout Gates, etc 89 “ F. — Specifications for Engine House and Coal Shed for Auxiliary Pump 96 “ G. — General Specifications for Auxiliary Pump. _ 100 Specifications and Proposal for Pumping Outfit. — Laidlaw & Dunn Co 102 “ H. — Specifications for Weir Trough 105 “ I. — Articles of Agreement with United States for the supply of water for Ft. Thomas. _ 109 “ K. — Specifications for Engine House and Aque- duct 1 1 2 “ L. — General Specifications for Pumping Engines and Boilers 126 Specifications for a Gaskill Vertical Com- pound Pumping Engine 129 Specifications for Six Horizontal Tubular Boilers 134 “ M. — General Specifications for Bilge Pump 138 “ N — Specifications for Guides of Bilge Pump 142 “ O. — Report of Trial of Engines. — G. Bouscaren. 144 “ P. — “ “ “ — C. Hermany. 149 “ Q. — Contract with Maysville & Big Sandy R. R. Co 156 11 R. — Specifications for Pipe Laying 158 FINAL REPORT — OF THE — Chief Engineer — TO — The Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. To the Trustees of the Covington Resei'voir : Gentlemen: — The works undertaken under your man- agement for supplying the City of Covington with water from the Ohio river, are now completed and in successful operation. As the Chief Engineer for these works, I have the honor to submit for your information and consideration, the following report : GENERAL REMARKS. Leaving out of consideration the Licking river, which is a comparatively small stream draining a thickly populated country, the Ohio river is the only available source of water supply for the City of Covington. The old works, built in 1870, being located below the mouth of the Licking, at a point where the Ohio river water is contaminated by the sewerage and surface drainage of the greater part of the Cities of Cincinnati, Covington and New- port and of adjoining villages, furnished a quality of water entirely unfit for domestic usage. The capacity of the pumping plant was inadequate to the present demand. Being of old design and very much worn, the machinery was ex- pensive to operate and subject to frequent stoppages for re- pairs, during which the city was entirely deprived of water. The direct system being applied without stand pipe or a reservoir of any kind, the distribution of water was very im- perfect, and the effective pressure very low and irregular, 6 Final Report of the Engineer owing to the presence of a very large quantity of mud and sand in the pipes. Such was the condition of affairs when the construction of a new plant was decided upon. The essential features of the new plant were to be : 1st. — An intake above all local source of contamination in the Ohio river. 2nd. — Clarification of the river water by subsidence in a reservoir of about one hundred million gallons capacity. 3d. — Capacity of plant for a daily supply of twenty million gallons by subsequent additions to the machinery only. The new plant is composed mainly, of a pumping station on the Kentucky shore of the Ohio river above the city, of a system of reservoirs on the highlands dividing the valleys of the Licking and the Ohio, and of pipe lines connecting the pumping station with the reservoir and the reservoir with the distributing mains of the city. The entire plant has been constructed substantially in accordance with the description given in the progress report addressed to your Board, dated February 8th, 1888. No material departure has been made from the plans and speci- fications of the contracts for the different parts of the work. RESERVOIR. DESCRIPTION-BASINS. The Reservoir is located on the Licking side of the divide between the Ohio and Licking rivers, and between the Alex- andria and Highland pikes, at a distance of about 3,800 feet from the pumping station. It is composed of three basins formed by the construction of an earth dam below the fork of a ravine and of tw r o parti- tion dams, also built of earth, across each prong of the ravine. The curbs of the two upper basins are on the same level and are 25 feet above the curb of the lower basin. The two upper basins, known as the North arid South basins, act as settling basins ; they receive the water from To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 7 the pumping station through inlets at their upper ends, and feed the lower basin alternately through floating tubes, taking the clarified water a few feet below the surface, near the partition dams. The water supply for the city is taken from the lower basin, also by a floating tube near the lower dam. In this manner the water delivered to the city undergoes two processes of clarification by subsidence. The arrangement of the pipes and valves is such as to allow the lower basin to be filled directly from the pumping station, and the city to be supplied directly from either of the upper basins, and either of the three basins to be cleaned without interrupting the service of the others. The general dimensions and the capacities of the three basins are as follows : NORTH BASIN. SOUTH BASIN. LOWER BASIN. Elevation of curb above high 1 water of 1884 in Covington,... j 304.83 feet. 304.83 feet. 279.83 feet. Elevation of curb above floor of \ new pumping station, J 300.61 feet. 300.61 feet. 275.61 feet. Elevation of “ low water ” in 1 basin below curb j 35 feet. 35 feet. 40 feet. T,pngth nf Elnating T'nb* i 29 feet. 29 feet. 35 feet. Maximum depth of basin below \ curb j 46 feet. 46 feet. 47 feet. Minimum depth of basin below \ curb J 16 t % feet. 21^ feet. 35 feet. Surface inside curb line 245.093 sq. ft. 270.305 sq. ft. 212.575 sq. ft. Capacity in gallons from curb 1 level | 35.299.200. 41.448.700. 34.783.700. Capacity in gallons from a plane 1 5 feet below curb level f 26.622 200. 31.970.100. 27.368.800 Total capacity below curb for the three basins, 111.531.600 gals. Total capacity 5 feet below curb for the three basins, 85.959.100 gals 8 Final Report of the Engineer The basins are graded to a uniform side slope of 1 ver- tical to 3 horizontal and a bottom slope of nearly 4 ft. in a 100 feet. Their figure in plan is a combination of circles and straight lines, such as would fit most closely in each case, the natural contours of the ground. BERME ROAD AND SURFACE DRAINAGE. Each basin is entirely surrounded by a MacAdamized drive-way or berme road 12 feet wide, on the outside of which a paved ditch collects all the drainage water from the grounds and roads and conducts it below the lower dam to a culvert under the Alexandria pike, which empties into Three Mile Creek. The berme roads of the upper and lower basins are con- nected by ramps of about 9 feet in 100 feet gradient, they also connect with the Alexandria and Highland pikes by McAdamized roads of about the same gradient. With the clarification of the water and the exclusion of the surface drainage, two other conditions of great import- ance were to be realized in the construction of the reservoir, viz : That the basins should be as nearly as practicable, water- tight. And that adequate means should be provided to clean them promptly and with little expense. The first condition could be realized in two ways : a By revetting the entire surface of the excavated basin with a puddle covering and protecting the same with dry paving. b By dispensing with the puddle covering and making the paving revetment of a superior grade of masonry laid in cement. The estimated costs of the two plans were about the same. The objections to the first method were : 1st — Scarcity of good puddling material on the reser- voir grounds. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 9 2nd — The large increase in the quantity of material to be excavated for the grading of the basins if their capacity was to be preserved, or otherwise a sacrifice o f about fifteen per cent of their capacity, for the space occupied by the puddle. For these reasons the second plan was adopted. REVETMENT. The side slopes are revetted with sand stone blocks, 12 inches thick, laid in cement on a foundation of broken stones 12 inches deep. This paving extends from the curb line to the low water level 35 feet below the curb for the two upper basins, and to an elevation of 15 feet below the curb for the lower basin. The side slopes below these levels, as well as the entire surface of the bottoms of the three basins, are revet- ted with concrete plastered over with a covering of Portland cement mortar. This method of construction has been entirely successful, the leakage from the basins is imperceptible, no sign of back pressure from water behind the revetment when the basins are emptied rapidly, has been observed, and the spring hy- drants which had been designed for the relief of this back pressure were dispensed with as unnecessary. The sand stones used for the paving revetment was pro- cured from quarries on the Ohio river near Portsmouth, Ohio ; it is mostly of the light buff colored variety, and has so far, without a sign of failure withstood the severe ordeal of ex- posure to which it is subjected from the fluctuation of the water level in the basins during winter. All the limestone used for the ditch paving, the concrete, the road metal and the broken rock foundation of the paving revetment, has been supplied from the excavation for the basins. All the domestic cement used, was furnished by the Louisville Cement Association, it was all tested before ship- ment. The Portland cement, used exclusively for pointing and 10 Final Report oj the Engineer plastering, was mostly of the Shifferdecker German brand, it was not tested as a rule, but was found to be of uniform good quality. CLEANING. The means adopted for the rapid cleaning of the basins without interruption to the service, and with a small outlay, consist in a pressure pump, supplied either from the lower basin, or from the influent pipe from the pumping engines ; it delivers water under a pressure of 150 pounds per square inch into a line of six inch pipe laid in the center of the berme roads, around the three basins. Four-inch branches connect this pipe with hydrants located inside the curb of the basins at a distance of about 400 feet apart. With an ordinary fire hose 200 feet long, 1^ inch nozzle, screwed on to these hy- drants, eight men will clean a basin in two days, or the ope- ration can be done in one day with a double crew. INLETS. The influ nt pipe delivers the water into the two upper basins through a 30 inch elbow 2 feet below the curb level, in a masonry chamber from whence it flows in cascade into the basin. A groove in the side walls of the inlet chamber allows o the attachment of a weir trough. A weir trough built of iron has been connected to the inlet chamber of the north basin, for the purpose of measuring the quantity of water delivered by the pumping engines during the duty tests, and has been left in position for future use in testing the performance of the engines from time to time. The direct inlet into the lower basin, which is only in- tended to be used exceptionally, is also through a 30 inch elbow near the bottom of the basin. OUT-LETS. The outlet for each basin is formed of two openings, one 18 inches in diameter flush with the lowest part of the bot- tom, is covered with a bell valve which is raised by a hand To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 11 crane from the top of the outlet pier to let out the mud when the basin is being cleaned. Another opening on top of the outlet pier is formed by the flanged end of a BO inch pipe, over which is bolted the fixed elbow of the floating tube. FLOATING TUBES. The floating tubes are riveted sheet iron pipes inch thick, 30 inches in diameter, each tube is bolted at its lower end to a cast iron elbow revolving around a horizontal axis, and fitting into the fixed elbow of the outlet pipe through a cup- leather ring, which forms a water-tight joint. The upper end of the pipe is capped with a screen drum, built of “ 1 x 1” angles inch apart. A cylindrical float of riveted sheet iron 5 feet in diameter, is securely fastened to the under side of the floating tube, and has sufficient buoyancy to keep the screen drum always out of water unless it is purposely sub- merged by drawing on the chain fastened to the end of the tube, which passes around a sheave anchored to the masonry revetment of the basin. The chain is operated by a hand crab located on top of the dam. The lengths of the floating tubes are For the upper basins - - - 29 feet. For the lower basin - - - 35 feet. OVERFLOW. In addition to these outlets, the lower basin has an over- flow weir 6 feet wide and three feet deep from the curb, the object of which is to guard against the possibility of over- flowing the crest of the dam, in case of the inflow from the upper basins becoming unmanageable by reason of the float- ing tube and stop valve being both out of order at the same time. dams. The dams are built of selected material from the excava- tion of the basins. They have a front slope, next to the water, of 3 horizon- L2 Final Report of the Engineer tal to 1 vertical, and a back slope of \y^ to 1, they are 15 feet wide on top and the partition dams have an offset or berme 30 feet wide on a level with the curb of the lower basin. They are built without a core wall of masonry or puddle, but with a puddle fronting increasing in thickness from 3 feet at the top to about 20 feet at the base, penetrat- ing through the clay formation of the bottom and sides to the blue shale. The general dimensions of the dams are as .follows : H’ght. Length. North Dam, 1 355 ft. South Dam, > about 345 ft. Lower Dam, J 53 325 ft. Width bet. Foot of Slope. 335 ft. 335 ft. 285 ft. ( Increased to < about 400 ft. by ( the waste bank. ARCH CULVERTS The arch culverts under the dams, containing the pipes and valves for the distribution of the water, are built in trenches excavated into the solid blue shale and lime stone. Their general dimensions are as follows : Width. H’ght. Length. Material of Arch. Side IValls. North Calvert, 6 feet. 6 feet. 182 feet. Limestone. Limestone. South Culvert, 6 feet. 6 feet. 182 feet. Brick. Limestone. Lower Culvert, 12 feet. 8 feet. 207 feet. Sandstone. Limestone. They are all paved with an invert of concrete finished with a plastering of Portland cement mortar. The shafts giving access to the lower ends of these cul- verts are of brick masonry for the upper culverts, and of sandstone masonry for the lower culvert. The upper shafts are 12 feet in diameter and 35^ feet deep, from the floor of the shaft house to the invert of the culvert. The lower shaft is 16 feet in diameter and 34 feet deep. The valves are ope- rated from the floor of the shaft houses. Both upper culverts drain into the lower culvert, through 8 inch cast iron pipes laid in the bottom of the lower basin under the concrete revetment. The lower culvert drains To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 13 through a pipe of the same size into a catch basin below the lower dam, which collects also the discharge from the 18 inch flush pipe, and from the spill ways carrying the surface drainage. No sign of slips or seapage is observable in the dams, a slight depression in the revetment on the slope of the north dam, is the only indication of any settling in the material of the dams. The small leaks through the head walls of the cul- verts where they are traversed by the 30 inch pipes, which appeared when the basins were first filled with water, are steadily decreasing and will probably disappear entirely when the. pores of the concrete are filled by silting. SODDING. The back slopes of the dams as well as the front slopes of the side fills adjoining the basins, have been revetted with blue grass sod laid on a 3 inch bed of the black soil saved for that purpose from the stripping of the dam and basin sites. Such of the excavation slopes as needed immediate protec- tion, have been treated in a like manner. The flat surfaces of the side fills, with a few exceptions, have been covered with black soil and sowed in grass last win- ter, the grass has taken a good stand everywhere and could only be injured now by a protracted drouth, but this can be averted by sprinkling, making use for that purpose of the pump and hydrants designed for flushing the basins. The excavation slopes which are not sodded are all in the hard stratified material, their inclination being less than 1 to 1 sodding would not stand on them, they should be pro- tected eventually by revetments of dry paving, as the frost will gradually disintegrate the stratified material. The platforms of the side fills which could not be sowed in grass by reason of being occupied with the limestone waste remaining from the excavation of the basins, should receive the same treatment as the others as soon as the stone has been disposed of. 14 Final Report of the Engineer PIPE SYSTEM. The influent pipe is a continuation of the force main, from the stand pipe in the west end of the tunnel under the Highland pike, where from an elevation of 7 2-10 feet above the curb level of the upper basins, it follows the contour of the point between the two basins with a continuous descend- ing grade, ending at the cascade inlet to the south basin 6 feet below the curb level. It is supported across the side fills by rubble walls carried down to the original surface of the ground. The length of the influent pipe from the stand pipe to the inlet of the south basin is 2,258)4 feet, the influent branch to the north basin is 53)4 feet long, the influent branch to the lower basin is 333)4 feet long. The pipes connecting the upper basin with the lower basin and with the supply pipe for the city, are supported on concrete blocks on the inverts of the culverts. Outside of the culverts, under the dams and through the lower basin, they are laid in trenches excavated into the solid shale and lime- stone, and packed with concrete. The entire system was tested after being laid with a hy- drostatic pressure varying from 75 pounds to 100 pounds per square inch, no leaks have been discovered since the begin- ning of operations. The floors of the shaft houses have been so constructed as to be removable in sections and allow valves and pipes to be taken in and out of the culverts. The lengths of pipes entering into the construction of the reservoir are as follows : 30 inch pipe including the influent pipe 4895 1. ft. 18 inch pipe used for flushing basins 457.7 1. ft. 8 inch pipe used for draining culverts 1099.3 1. ft. 6 inch pipe used to supply the flush- ing hydrants and the U. S. barracks 6791.8 1. ft. SUPPLY OF THE U S. BARRACKS. On July 10, 1890, an agreement was entered into with the U. S.. authorities in Washington to supply the Fort To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 15 Thomas Regimental Post with water. This agreement ap- pears as exhibit “ /” in the Appendix to this report. The auxiliary pump erected for flushing and cleaning the basins is also used for this service. A stand pipe 12 feet in diameter and 96 feet high, was constructed by the Government on its grounds on the east side of the Highland Pike directly opposite the reservoir grounds, the 6 inch pipe supplying the flushing hydrants of the north basin was connected with this stand pipe and a 4 inch Worthington meter inserted on that line of pipe near the stand pipe. The top of the stand pipe is at an elevation of 165 7-10 feet above the pump house floor. CONSTRUCTION. The construction of the reservoir and of works adjunct thereto was done under the following contracts. No. of Con. Date of Execution. Names of Contractors. Kind of Work. Date of Final Estimate. 1 May 10,1887. Newp’t Iron & Pipe Foundry. Making of pipes'] and Castings Delivery of Pipes | and Castings. J Mch. 5, 1889. and 2 May 10, 1887. Newp’t Iron & Pipe Foundry. Sep. 26, 1890. 4 July 15, 1887. Peter, Scully & [Crane, transferred to Casparis & Co., Dec. 8th, 1887. Grading, Masonry, Valve Houses, erec- tion of floatingtubes ! pipe laying, etc. May 2, 1890. 12 Sep. 8, 1889. D. Shanahan & Co. 1 Grading, Masonry, Valve houses erec- tion of floating tubes, Pipe laying. Jun. 25, 1891. 7 July 13, 1888. Lane & Bodley Co. Floating tubes and Flushing valves. Dec. 26, 1890. 8 July 16, 1889. Peter Keefer Jr. & Brothers. Auxiliary pump house. Nov. 29, 1889. 9 May 31,1889. Laidlaw & Dunn Co. Auxiliary pump and boiler. July 25, 1890. 16 Final Report of the Engineer The general form of contracts as well as the specifica- tions for the different parts of the work embraced in these contracts, are given in the Appendix to this report as exhibits A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. PIPES AND CASTINGS. The first contracts awarded for construction, were for the making and delivery of pipes and castings required for the reservoir and pipe lines. Owing to delays in the completion of their new plant in Newport, the Newport Iron and Pipe Foundry, now the “ Addyston Pipe and Steel Co.,” did not begin to cast and deliver the pipes until September, 1887. The quantities and cost of pipes and special castings furnished by them for the reservoir are as follows : 30 inch pipe, 1,509,970 lbs. 18 “ 67,080 “ 8 “ 56,212 “ 6 “ 303,785 “ Total staight pipe, 1,937,047 lbs. =968. 5235 tons, @$28.40= $27,506.07 Special castings, 164,772 lbs. =82.3860 tons, @ $50.00= ------ 4,119.30 Delivery of 968.5235+82.3860-1.1735=1049.730 tons, @ $2.25= 2,361.90 Total amount, - - $33,987.27 Deduct amount allowed pipe layers for extra lead and labor in joints, on account of sockets being larger than standard, - 257.14 Total net cost of pipes and castings, - $33,730.13 1.1735 tons of special castings were delivered by the trustees. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 17 GRADING, MASONRY, PIPE LAYING, ETC. The date specified for the completion of the work under the contract with Peter, Scully & Crane was August 1st, 1888. One year was a very short time for the execution of the work* considering the amount and character of the same. To avoid the delays attendant to the procurement of suitable limestone in sufficient quantity for the masonry, and to facilitate the work of the contractors, permissions were granted to them at an early date for the substitution of sand- stone in place of limestone for the masonry of the paving revetment, and for the substitution of sandstone and brick in place of limestone for the culvert masonry. The con- tractors did not avail themselves of these permissions until the end of the working season, and the progress of work at that date was otherwise so unsatisfactory that a proposition for the transfer of the contract to Messrs. Casparis & Co. was readily accepted, and the transfer made December 8th, 1887. The progress made under the new management did not meet your expectations, the leniency shown and the favors granted to the new contractors, as an encouragement to pro- ceed with the work and avoid the delays attendant upon a reletting, failed to have the desired effect, and the work was abandoned by Messrs. Casparis & Co. on July 80th, 1889 in a half finished condition. A contract was executed with D. Shanahan & Co., September 8th, 1889, for the completion of the work, these gentlemen offering the lowest bid obtainable at the time from responsible parties. Their prices were, nevertheless, much higher than those of Casparis & Co., but you have under the terms of the con- tract, a legal recourse on Casparis & Co. and their bondsmen to recover the additional cost arising from their failure to complete the work. The following statement shows the quantities of work done under both contracts and the cost of the same. 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J Descend’g. 16,750 “ 255 “ Depression. East end C. & O. R. R. ] bridge (below) to East ! end C.& O.R.R. bridge j (above.) J Ascending. 16,750 “ 221 “ East end C. & O. R. R. 1 bridge (above) to West [ end C. tSd R. R. bridge (above) J Level. 17,400 “ 221 “ | Summit. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 43 (grades and elevations continued.) Location. Continuous ascending or lescending gr. Distance from outlet lower basin (approx.) Elevation above L. ; W. lower basin. Summit or De- pression. West end C. & 0. E. E. 1 bridge, (above) to West [ end C. & 0. E. E. [ bridge, (below.) J Descend’g. 17,400 feet. 255 feet. Depression. West end of C. & 0. E. 'I bridge (below) to ! crossing Byrd & Stev- ( ens Streets J Ascending. 18,700 a 238 U Summit. Crossing Byrd & Stevens 1 Streets to crossing > Stevens & Pleasant Sts J Descending. 19,200 << 244 it Depression. Crossing Stevens and ) Pleasant Sts. to cross- 1 ing 12th & Madison... j Ascending. 21,200 ll 209 cc Summit. Crossing 12th & Madi- son to crossing 12th & >■ K. C. E. E. tracks J Descending. 21,700 (l 219 u Depression. Crossing 12th and K. C. 1 E.E.tracks to crossing V 11th and Enssell J Ascending. 22,600 i( 195 u Summit. Crossing 11th & Eussell 1 to crossing 3d and V Eussell J Descending. 26,100 (i 250 u Depression. GREENUP STREET LINE. 13th and Greenup | 19,850 feet. 254 feet. On Grade. Crossing 13th & Green- 1 up to Greenup bet. > 11th & Bush J Ascending. 20,650 « 216 U Summit. Greenup bet. Eleventh ) and Bush to Greenup | between Seventh and [ Eighth ....J Descending. 22,250 u 239 (( Depression. Greenup bet. Seventh & ) Eighth to crossing 6th V and Greenup J Ascending. 22,850 a 225 u Summit. Crossing 6th & Greenup ) to crossing 3d and > Greenup J Descending. 24,200 a 230 u On Grade. 44 Final Report of the Engineer From the reservoir to the corner of Greenup and 13th, the pipes are 30 inches in diameter, and vary in thickness from 1 inch to \ inches according to their position on the line with regard to elevation. From Greenup and 13th to 12th and Russell, the pipes are 24 inches in diameter and 1 inches thick. From 12th and Russell to 3rd street, and from Greenup and 13th to 3rd street, the pipes are 20 inches in diameter and 1 inch thick. At, all points of depression, blow-off branches have been provided. At all summit points air valves have been put in. Stop valves have been put in at the following points : Location. Approx dis- tance from outlet of L.B Size of Valve. Where line leaves Alexandria pike. 4,000 feet. One 30 inches. Budde’s dairy 7,750 “ U (6 cc Where line leaves Licking pike 16,150 U (C U cc Crossing of Byrd and Rickey 17,850 u U CC cc U “ Greenup and 13th 19,850 u “ 24 “ one 20 in. u “ 12th and Russell 22,150 a cc cc cc cc cc cc U “ Russell and Pike 24,200 u “ 20 a U “ Russell and 3rd 26,100 u Two “ cc u “ 8th and Greenup 22,000 “ One “ cc u “ 3rd and Greenup 24,200 u cc cc “ one 16 in. Every 30 inch valve has a 6 inch by-pass. All the valves are enclosed in substantial brick vaults properly drained, and built with openings large enough to allow the removal of the valves for repairs without interference with the brick work. Branches for connections with the city mains, have been put in at all street intersections in the city, but the connec- tions have not been made, this should properly be done by the men in charge of the water department of the city. All the valves required for the pipe line and the connec- tions with the city mains, were furnished by the Eddy Valve Co., of Waterford, N. Y. The pipes are generally laid to a depth of 5 feet below the surface of the ground, measuring from the center of the pipe, the minimum depth of earth covering allowed is 3 feet. In fills across abrupt depression of the ground, where the To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 45 pipe is above the original surface, it is supported by walls of dry masonry. The pipe line crosses four branches of Three Mile Creek. The first one near the reservoir, is over an 8 feet arch built for that purpose. The second one is near the point where the line leaves the Alexandria pike. The bed of the stream at that point is in blue shale, the pipe crosses in a trench exca- vated into the blue shale and packed with concrete, the con- crete is protected by a covering of limestone paving laid in cement. The third crossing is near Budde’s dairy, un- der an open culvert paved with limestone laid in cement. The fourth crossing is on Budde’s road over an 8 feet arch built for that purpose. The line crosses the Licking on the C. &0. R. R. bridge by virtue of an agreement concluded with the Railroad Com- pany on January 23rd, 1889, which appears as exhibit Q in the appendix to this report. The cost of an inverted syphon under the river at that point, would have been less perhaps than the prices paid to the Railroad Company for the privilege of using its bridge, but the advantage of greater security and of accessibility to the pipe for repairs, were of such importance as to overbal- ance any saving which could have been made by the adoption of the syphon plan. The banks of the Licking at that point are subject to frequent and extensive slides. The sand and boulder deposit overlaying the bed rock in the bottom of the river is about 30 feet deep, and the freshets in the stream are occasionally of such violence as to preclude any dependence on this loose material for a permanent foundation. The pipe rises vertically from the ground at each end of the bridge about 35 feet, and runs horizontally under the floor between the two tracks for a distance of 623 ft. It is sus- pended to the inside iron stringers by wrought iron yokes in. square, spaced about 10 ft. apart, it is braced sideways by ljfj in. rods spaced about 20 ft. and attached to the out- side stringers. 46 Final Report of the Engineer A stuffing box at each end, provides for the expansion and contraction of the pipe and the end elbows are securely anchored to the masonry of the piers, by iron rods propor- tioned to resist the thrust due to the hydrostatic pressure against these elbows. An air valve is placed on the horizontal stretch half way between the ends. The length of the exposed part of the pipe is about 683 feet. Owing to the size of the pipe no covering protection against frost is considered to be necessary as long as the pipe is in service, and none has been put in. If it should happen from any cause that the circulation of water in the pipe be stopped during very cold weather, the pipe should be emptied. The supply which the pipe line is able to furnish is lim- ited to the quantity of water which can flow at the summit point in Budde’s road 10,900 ft. from the outlet of the reser- voir and 76 ft. below the low water line in the lower basin, this quantity is over 20 million gallons in 24 hours, which is the ultimate capacity of the works as planned. Should the daily consumption of the city ever exceed this amount, the capacity of the pipe could be increased by tunneling under the summit. A tunnel 900 ft. long, costing about $25,000 would allow the pipe to be lowered about 40 ft. at that point and increase its capacity about 5 million gallons in 24 hours, but owing to the great loss of pressure by friction in a 30 in. pipe at that rate ol delivery, it will probably be found advisa- ble to replace the 30 in. pipe by a larger one, or to duplicate the line of 30 in. pipe, before the daily consumption has reached 20 million gallons. RIGHT OF WAY. A right of way 15 ft. wide was secured from the land owners whose property is traversed by the force and supply pipe lines, the pipe is generally laid in the center of this 15 ft. strip. Indemnities were paid to the Alexandria and Lick- ing Pike Companies for the privilege of layingand maintain- To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 47 ing the pipe on these highways. The pipe is generally laid on the side of the pike next to the hill side, to secure a firmer foundation. The amounts paid for right of way are as follows : To land owners for a 15 ft. strip, $ 7,214 30 To the Maysville & Big Sandy K. R. for the privilege of crossing on the Licking bridge 20,000.00 To the Newport & Licking Turnpike Co 3,640.00 To the Campbell Turnpike Co. (Alexandria pike) 3,000.00 Total amount paid for right of way $33,854.30 In view of the fact that the cities of Covington and New- port are each dependent for their water supply on a single line of conduit from their respective reservoirs, the danger of a water famine to both cities, arising from a possible break of these conduits, could be averted to a great extent by the con- struction of a branch line starting from the stop valves on the Licking pike near Finchtown, running down to the Newport and Covington bridge on Brighton street in Newport, thence across the bridge to a connection with the 20 in. main on 4th and Greenup in Covington. The length of this branch line would be about 6,900 ft., it should be laid with 16 in. pipes and connected with the 16 in. main on York street in New- port, which is 2,300 ft. east of Brighton street. Provision has been made in the construction of the New- port and Covington bridge for carrying a 16 in main under the floor of the wagon way. CONSTRUCTION. The construction of the pipe line was done under the following contracts : No. of Con. Date of Execution. Name of Contractors. Kind of Work. Date of final Estimate. 1 May 10, 1887. Newport Iron and Pipe Foundry. Making of pipes] and castings. \ Mar. 5, 1889. and 2 May 10, 1887. Newport Iron and Pipe Foundry. Delivery of pipes | and castings. J 1 Sep. 26, 1890. Jun. 14,1889. 3 July 1, 1887. McRae & Lally. Pipe laying. V and J Feb. 24,1891. 48 Final Report of the Engineer The specifications for these contracts appear as exhibits C, D and R in the appendix to this report, the general form of contract is the same as given in exhibit A. MANUFACTURE AND DELIVERY OF PIPES AND CASTINGS. All the pipes and castings for the pipe line as well as for the reservoir were made in the foundry of the Newport Pipe and Iron Foundry (now the Addyston Pipe and Steel Com- pany) in Newport, Ky. Owing to delays in the completion of their new foundry, the contractors did not begin to make and deliver the pipes until the month of September, 1887. The pipes were inspected at the foundry by an inspector employed by your board, and tested under a hydrostatic pres- sure of 800 lbs. per square inch. They were again inspected in the field after delivery by the inspector for the pipe laying. The iron used for the manufacture of the pipe was tested every day for tensile strength at the foundry, and showed generally a resistance of more than 20,000 lbs. per square inch. Only 6 joints of pipe were rejected in the field for defect in manufacturing or damages received in delivery. All the pipes and castings were coated by dipping in coal tar while hot. With the exception of the two joints of 30 inch pipe broken on the force main during the first trial of the pump- ing engines, no break has occured to the present time on the pipe line. The following statement shows the quantities and cost of all pipes and castings made and delivered by the Newport Pipe and Iron Foundry for the pipe lines. Straight pipes, 5,626.8955 tons @ $28.40 $159,803.83 Special castings 117.5685 tons (7<) 50.00 5,878.43 Delivery 5,744.4640 tons @ 2.25 12,925.04 Added work 114.42 $178,721.72 $ 41.18 242.53 283.71 Total net amount $178,438.01 Total Deduct 8,235 lbs. of scrap @ %c Deduct labor and material furnished by Trustees... To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 49 PIPE LAYING. The work of pipe laying was begun by McRae & Lally in September, 1887, on the supply main line in Finchtown, and was practically completed in 1888, with the exception of the pipe laying on the Licking bridge and the connections with the city main on 3rd street and with the pump- ing engines at the pumping station. The connection with the city main on 3rd street were only mad ; by McRae & Lally in February, 1889, and the connection at the pump house was made by a force of men employed by your board in the absence of McRae & Lally. The force pipe was filled with water for the first time on November 21st, 1889, and stood the test well, there has not been a leak on the line to the present date. On March 14th, 1890, two adjoining pipes on the line about half the way up the river bluff, broke suddenly, no ap- parent defect could be discovered in the broken pipes, the accident was probably due to the effect of a water hammer, produced by the irregular working of the pumping engines which had not at the time been properly adjusted. The line of the supply main was filled with water from the reservoir to the Licking bridge on December 5th, 1889. The water was let into the pipe over the bridge and partly into the line in Covington, on December 13th, 1889, when the anchorage securing the elbow at the Newport end ol the bridge yielded to the pressure owing to the inferior character of the masonry of the bridge pier; investigation showed that this masonry notwithstanding its first-class appearance on the face, had been laid practically with dry hearting and without any bond between the stones, allowing the anchor beam and the face stones against which it rested to plow their way through the pier bodily, without disturbing the adjoining stones. The anchorage at the Covington end of the bridge showed no sign of yielding, the masonry at that point being evidently of better quality. 50 Final Report of the Engineer It was thought more prudent however, to place no reli- ance whatever on the good quality of the masonry, and both anchorages were remodeled to satisfy this condition. Water was let into the remainder of the supply main and into the city mains on January 21st, 1890. It was found that the material of the fills at the corner of 18th and Stevens and of 13th and Madison was so loose as to afford insufficient backing support for the elbows at these points. This led to the insertion of timber platform back- ings at all the elbows in the city. These platforms being built of white oak will last several years. They should be replaced with a solid concrete backing before the timbers become seri- ously affected by decay. Quite a number of leaky joints on the line had to be re- caulked, but no break of pipe has yet occurred. The entire line is now in perfect condition, it should be carefully watched and all leaks stopped promptly, especially on that part of the line between the Alexandria pike and Budde’s dairy, and between the Licking pike and the bridge, on ac- count of the great danger of slides at those points. The following is an itemized statement of the quantities and cost of all work done by McRae & Lally. 22,711.4 1. ft. 30 in. Pipe laid ©$ 1.75 $ 39,744.95 2,286.5 CC 24 “ cc CC 1.39 3,178.24 8,297.9 “ 20 “ cc cc 1.15 ...... 9,542.58 15. cc 18 “ cc u .80 12.00 18.2 cc 16 “ cc cc .72 13.10 12.2 cc 12 “ cc cc .50 6.10 51.8 cc 10 “ cc cc .43 22.27 952.4 cc 8 “ cc cc .35 333.34 231.4 cc 6 “ cc ‘ £ .30 69*42 5 30 in . Valves set cc 3.50 17.50 2 24 “ a ll 3.50 7.00 7 20 “ a u 3.50 24.50 1 15 “ u cc 3.00 3.00 10 10 “ u cc 1 75 17.50 8 8 “ u « 1.50 12.00 39 6 “ a cc 1.00 39.00 7 4 “ u cc 1.C0 7.00 To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 51 16 Air valves,.. 4.00 64.00 10 1. ft. 24 in. Drain pipe laid a 3.50 35.00 4 “ 21 “ it a 2.75 11.00 238.8 “ 18 “ tt a 2.00 476.60 35. “ 15 “ U u 1 .622 56.87 29. “ 12 “ tt u 1.25 36.25 379. “ 6 “ it It .50 189.50 1,396. it 4 it it a .35 488.60 37.04 cu. yds. Stone Arch Masonry “ 9.00 333.60 249.05 it Broken Range Masonry,.. U 6.09 .... 1,494.30 38.38 it Brick Arch “ u 9.00 345.42 96.19 it Brick “ u 7.00 673.33 27.46 a Rubble u 4.00 109.84 145.31 it Dry “ .. u 5.00 726.55 188.38 tt Concrete “ u 5.00 941.90 35.91 a Stone Paving in Cement- u 4.00 143.64 55.15 it Stone Paving Dry a 3.00 165.45 11.11 tt Broken Stone in founda’n,. a 2.50 27.78 316. ft. b. m. Timber in foundation,... tt 40.00 12.64 295.5 1. ft. Tunnel, complete, U 28.00 .... 8,274.00 22. “ Shaft, “ a 15.00 330.00 1 . Entrance House tt 100.00 100.00 Added work, 1,436.78 Total amount of Work $ 69,522.55 Deductions for labor and material furnished, 1,009.96 Net amount of work paid to McRae & Lally $ 68,512.59 TOTAL AMOUNT OF CONTRACT WORK. To the Newport Pipe and Iron Foundry for making and de- livering pipes and castings $178,438.01 To McRae & Lally for pipe laying 68,512.59 Total amount , $246,950.60 The following items of expenditure and of work not done under contract, are also chargeable to the cost of con- struction of the pipe line. Valves and valve fixtures and repair of same, $ 4,559.59 Inspection of pipes and castings at foundry, 1,015.31 Anchorage of pipe on Licking bridge and suspenders, 1,535.87 Remodeling of anchorage 521.78 Bracing of pipe on Licking bridge 487.68 Revision and repair of pipe line, Material, 264.16 52 Final Report of the Engineer Revision and repair of pipe line, Labor 1,092.10 Miscellaneous labor and material 134.44 Miscellaneous hauling and freight 52.95 Damage paid land owners 40.00 Right of way 33,854.30 Total, $ 43,558.18 RECAPITULATION OF COST. Cost of contract work $246,950.60 Cost outside of contract work 43,558.18 Total cost of pipe lines, $290,508.78 ENGINEERING. The surveys for the location of the different parts of the work were all done by Mr. Alfred Petry, who was appointed Resident Engineer when construction began in 1888, and remained in charge of the work until its completion. In addition to Mr. Petry the following assistants were employed at various times during the progress of the work. In the Office — K. E. Hilgard, Draughtsman. W. H. Schuerman, Draughtsman. C. N. Miller, Draughtsman. In the Field — J. D. Darlington, Assistant Engineer. Paul Forwerg, Assistant Engineer. Eugene Carroll, Assistant Engineer. C. P. Yeatman, Assistant Engineer. Willis Kennedy, Rodman and Ass’t Eng’r. J. B. DeLaney, Rodman. Thomas Ryan, Inspector of Masonry. Wm. Thompson, Inspector of Pipe Laying. Lee Whittaker, Inspector of Machinery. I desire to acknowledge my personal obligation to all the members of the Engineer Corps for their able co-opera- tion. The good quality of the work done is due in the To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 58 largest measure to the vigilance and good judgment displayed in the performance of their duty. The following statement gives the cost of engineering : f 1887 $ 8,855.10 I 1888 12,801.31 Salaries. \ 1889 12,640.21 I 1890 11,043.88 [l891 4,061.33 Supplies 1,506.61 . Total cost of Engineering $50,908.44 RECAPITULATION OF COST OF CONSTRUCTION. Reservoir...... $ 505,924.54 Pumping Station 224,628.16 • Pipe Line 290,508.78 Engineering, . 50,908.44 f Current expenses, including salaries of trustees, auditor, janitor, rents, hire of livery &c 30,848.78 Legal expenses 5,263.40 Incidental expenses, including postage, tolls, traveling expenses, &c 1,329.48 General Contingent expenses 189.32 Expenses. Advertising and printing 2,071.49 Stationery 421.02 Office furniture 437.37 Horse and wagon 304.50 [ Borings in Licking River 177.00 Total cost of plant to August 1st, 1891 $1,113,012.28 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. Temporary gates have been erected across the three roads leading to the reservoir from the Highland and Alexandria pikes, to regulate the admission of vehicles on the grounds, but the grounds will be exposed to the incursion of cattle from the adjoining fields until a substantial fence is built on the boundary lines and connected with the gates. A dwelling house for the reservoir keeper is a necessity, it is important that the man in charge of the reservoir should always remain on the ground. 54 Final Report of the Engineer Dwelling houses for the engineers and other employees at the pumping station should also be provided as soon as possi- ble, there are no convenient boarding places in the neighbor- hood and the men are working under conditions of great personal discomfort, which is detrimental to the good of the service. For convenience and prompt action in case of accidents telephonic communication should be completed between the pump house, the reservoir and the office of the superinten- dent of the water department in the city. Very respectfully, G. BOUSCAREN, Chief Engineer. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 55 APPENDIX. EXHIBIT “ A.” COVINGTON NEW WATER WORKS. GENERAL FORM OF CONTRACT. This agreement made and concluded this day of , 1887, by and between of the first part and the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir of the second part : Witnesseth, that in consideration of the undertakings, agreements and promises of the said Trustees hereinafter contained, the said hereby covenant and agree and bind themselves, their successors and assigns, strictly in accordance with the terms and stipulations of this agreement and the proposition of the said party of the first part, hereunto attached, and with the specifications forming a part of this agreement and under the direction of the chief engineer of the said Trustees and under his supervision and control, to furnish all the material and tools and do the works opposite which prices are affixed in their proposal, per- taining to called for by this agreement, the same to be done in all particulars in accordance with the specifications that are apart thereof and the plans and drawings that may be from time to time furnished by the chief engineer of said Trustees and all of which are made a part hereof. It is further expressly agreed and understood that the prices affixed to their proposal by the said party of the first part, shall be and are hereby accepted as full and entire consideration for labor, materials and tools required to complete and put in permanent work- ing order, to the satisfaction of the engineer, each and all the works required to be done under the provisions of this contract and these specifications, and to maintain the same in a good, perfect, and wa- 56 Final Report of the Engineer ter tight condition for a period of six months after the acceptance of the entire completed work by said engineer. That the said Trustees shall be and are hereby authorized to appoint, under their engineer, such inspectors and assistant engi- neers as they may deem proper to inspect the materials to be fur- nished and the work to be done and to see that the same strictly correspond with the specifications and plans. 1'hat all works here- in referred to, necessary to fully complete and put in working order shall be executed in the best, most thorough and workmanlike manner with the best of materials of their several kinds to the full satisfaction of and under the direc- tion of the engineer for the Trustees and in conformity with the drawings prepared to illustrate said works, and with the instructions explanatory thereof. That the shall commence on or before the , and shall be fully completed and delivered to the Trustees on . That to insure prompt and speedy action, and save the party of the second part from loss from any cause whatsoever, the party of the second part reserves the right to order and direct the work to be prose- cuted at such points as the engineer may designate and to order such force worked at such points as he may deem necessary to complete the work to be done within the time specified, and should the party of the first part fail to comply with said order by neglecting or refusing to employ such force or fail at any time or in any wise to prosdcute the work and every part of it in such manner as in the opinion of the engineer is necessary to give reasonable assurance of the comple- tion of the same within the time specified, or should the party of the first part persist in any of said work, in an improper manner, or in em- ploying improper persons or in neglecting or evading the performance of their obligation under this contract, in any manner, then the party of the second part or their engineer, after giving ten days written notice to the person in charge, without the evil complained of being corrected to the entire satisfaction of said engineer, under the ad- vice of the Trustees may declare this contract forfeited, and in such case all the rights of the party of the first part under this contract shall from thenceforth cease and be determined and the party of the second part may thereupon proceed to take possession of and use in completing the work or any part of it, such tools, machinery, tene- ments and other buildings and materials as may be on the work or To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 57 prepared for it and belonging to the party of the first part, to em- ploy such number of workmen, laborers, teams and foremen as may in the opinion of the engineer, be necessary to insure the completion of the work within the time hereinbefore limited or as soon there- after as may be practicable at such prices and wages as may be found necessary or expedient to give, and charge over the amount so paid, to the party of the first part as so much money paid to said party of the first part on this contract, and if for failure in any manner for non compliance with the Engineer’s direction or for any omission or neglect of the requirements of this agreement by the party of the first part, this contract shall be declared forfeited, the party of the second part may at their option take possession of and re-let the work to other parties, the same as if this contract had never existed and such declaration of forfeiture shall exonerate the said party of the sec- ond part from any and all obligations and liabilities arising under this contract and the reserved percentage upon work done shall be forfeited absolutely to the party of the second part and by them re- tained for ever as liquidated damages, and the party of the first part agrees to give peaceable and immediate possession of all said work to the party of the second part or its authorized agents and con- tractors. That the said party of the first part shall indemnify and save the said Trustees harmless from all claims against said Trustees for labor done and materials furnished under this contract, and shall furnish the said Trustees with satisfactory evidences, when called for by them, that all persons who have done work or furnished materials under this contract for which the said Trustees or the city of Cov- ington may become liable under any law of the State of Kentucky, have been fully paid or satisfactorily secured ; and in case such evi- dence is not furnished, an amount necessary or sufficient to meet the claims of the persons aforesaid, shall be retained from the money due the said party of the first part under this contract, until the lia- bilities atoresaid shall be fully discharged or satisfactorily secured. That the said party of the first part shall execute a bond in such sum and with such securities as shall be approved by the said Trus- tees for the faithful performance of this contract, conditioned to indemnify and save harmless the said Trustees and the said City of Covington from all suits and actions of every name and description brought against the said Trustees or the said City of Covington for 58 Final Report of the Engineer or on account of any injuries or damages received or sustained by any person or persons by or from said party of the first part, their servants or agents, in the fulfillment of this contract or by or on ac- count of any act or omission of the said party of the first part or their agents or by reason of failure by the said party of the first part to in the manner and at the time hereinbefore agreed upon and for the faithful performance of this contract by the party of the first part ; and that so much of the money due the said party of the first part under this contract, as shall be considered necessary by the said Trustees may be retained by the said Trustees until all such^ suits for claims or damages as aforesaid shall have been settled and evidence to that effect furnished to the satisfaction of the Trustees. PAYMENTS. On or about the first day of each month during the progress of the work, an estimate shall be made of the relative value of the work done, to be judged of by the engineer and upon his certificate of the amount being presented to the Board of Trustees at a regu- lar meeting, eighty-five per cent, of the amount of said estimate shall be paid to the said party of the first part. When all work em- braced in the contract is completed agreeably to the specifications and in accordance with the directions and to the satisfaction and acceptance of the engineer for the Trustees, there shall be made a final estimate of the quantity, quality, character and value of said work agreeably to the terms of this agreement, by and under the direction of the chief engineer; when the balance appearing due to the said party of the first part, less ten per cent, of the entire amount, shall be paid to them upon their furnishing the engineer of said Trustees with a sworn statement that all their obligations due for materials and labor have been paid and the engineer’s certificate presented to the Trustees by them. The remaining ten per cent, shall be paid at the expiration of six months after the completion of the work on presentation by the party of the first part of a certificate from the Engineer for the Trustees to the effect that the entire work is then in a perfect and water-tight condition. The monthly estimates are to be paid on or about the fifteenth of each month. The parties to this contract hereby mutually agree that the To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 59 Chief Engineer of the party of the second part shall be the sole judge and arbiter in all cases of disagreement, difficulty or dispute as to the quality or amount of work performed under this contract and also in relation to all other matters of differences that may arise between the parties hereto in relation to or touching the proper per- formance of any or all the conditions thereof, and his decisions given in writing shall be in the nature of an award, and the same shall be conclusive upon and between the parties as a final judgment in a court having jurisdiction of the parties and subject. In witness whereof, the said and the said Trustees of the Covington Reservoir, bv their President, have signed this agree- ment in triplicate. 60 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ B.” SPECIFICATIONS. FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIR FOR THE CITY OF COVINGTON, KY. DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND EXTENT OF CONTRACT. The work shall include all excavation, filling, puddling, con- creting, paving, masonry, pipe laying and ocher works necessary to construct and maintain for a period of six months after completion, in good working order, three reservoir basins, as now located or to be located on the Moreland place, in Campbell county, Ky., with dams, culverts, shafts, ditches, pipes, valves and appendages and other structures, as shown on the plans or described in the specifi- cations, or which may be ordered from time to time by the Chief Engineer for the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. ‘ CLEARING. All trees, bushes, stumps, grass and rubbish, as well as other surface obstructions, and all muck or other materials deemed ob- jectionable by the Engineer, shall be removed from the entire sur- face covered by the dams, basins and fills adjoining thereto. DAMS AND FILLS. MATERIALS. The dams and fills on the sides of the reservoir basins, shall be formed with the materials excavated from said basins and from the ditches, as far as the same are suitable for that purpose, excepting a part of the fill at the easterly end of the northerly basin which shall be made by the contractor for pipe laying, with the waste excava- To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 61 tion from the tunnel under the Highland pike, the materials exca- vated shall be selected for their respective positions. The best and most retentive clay for the puddle walls, the finer material next to the puddle walls and the coarser material for the back part of the dam or fills. The stone suitable for concreting, paving, or any other class of masonry shall be used by the contractor for that purpose. FORM AND DIMENSIONS. The dams shall be 15 feet wide on top and carried to the same heighth and level as their respective basins ; the slopes on the basins sides of all dams and fills shall have an inclination of three horizon- tal to one vertical, the back slopes of dams shall be inclined 1^ to 1. At the elevation of the top of the lower basin, the intermediate dams shall have a berm or horizontal offset 30 feet wide or such other width as the Engineer may determine, extending to the foot of the back slope. All dams and fills shall be built on the basin sides with a pud- dle wall 5 feet wide on top and sloping 3 to 1 in front and 1^ to 1 in the rear. METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION. The entire width between foots of slopes of puddle walls shall be excavated to the solid and water tight strata, the remaining width of seats of embankments shall be stepped or benched as directed by the Engineer. The puddle shall be of carefully selected clay, free of stones measuring more than two inches in any direction, chopped up with spades and ground dry if necessary in the opinion of the Engineer, spread in horizontal layers of not more than six inches thick and rolled with approved grooved rollers weighing not less than two tons, with a sufficient sprinkling of water to weld thoroughly to- gether all parts into a solid, homogeneous, compact, and watertight mass. Where the roller cannot reach, the puddle shall be rammed by hand. When a layer of puddle has been lying exposed for any length of time, the surface shall be cleansed and reworked before a further layer is added to it. The remainder of the embankment shall be formed in horizon- tal layers of not more than 12 inches thick, rolled with two ton roll- ers and sprinkled with water as above. No stone shall be put into 62 Final Report oj the Engineer the embankment measuring more than six inches, and there must be a sufficient quantity of clay with the stones to completely fill all void spaces. The puddle walls and the remainder of the embankments shall be carried up simultaneously and kept always on the same level. No perishable material of any kind or frozen earth shall be al- lowed in the embankments. All slopes shall be carefully trimmed to the proper shape and inclination. The slopes on the basins sides shall be reveted as specified for the basins. The top, berm and back slopes shall be finished with a layer of loam six inches thick and sodded or sown with grass seed at the proper season, the kind and quantity of seed to be determined by the Engineer. CULVERTS, SHAFTS AND VALVE HOUSES. Arch culverts to contain the pipes and valves shall be built in the dams as shown in the plans. They shall be of such size and length and shall be built of such class of masonry as the Engineer may determine. A shaft shall be built at the lower end of each culvert over the valves, and shall be finished one foot above the berm level with a coping course of stone which shall serve as foundation for a valve house, or a platform cover of timber as may be determined by the Engineer. Each shaft shall be provided with a strong iron ladder well secured to the masonry and with iron supports and guides for the valve spindles well secured also to the masonry. The culverts shall be drained at their lower end through the waste pipes as shown. The masonry of the culverts and shafts above foundation shall be entirely wrapped in puddle 2 feet thick. The valve houses shall be of brick with asphalt roof, doors and windows as shown; joists and flooring 2 inches thick of yellow pine; the door shall be of two thicknesses of one inch plank, tongue and grooved ; it shall be hung with strong wrought iron hinges and provided with strong and approved lock. The platform covers shall be built of 2x12 inch joists strongly bridged, and 2x6 inch planks spiked thereunto. Over the ladders they shall have trap doors hung with strong wrought iron hinges and provided with strong and approved locks. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 63 BERM DITCH AND WALK. The berm of the southerly intermediate dam shall have a pav- ed ditch of the required size and shape at the foot of the back slope of the dam to convey the drainage water from the grounds between the two upper basins to the southerly ditch. The berm of the northerly intermediate dam shall have a walk in place of a ditch to connect the inside and outside walks of the lower basin. OVERFLOW. An overflow 3 feet deep, 4 feet wide at the bottom and lined with paving on a concrete foundation shall be built as located for each dam by the Engineer, with a by wash also paved and connect- ing with the ditch. RESERVOIR BASINS, AND DITCHES. GRADING. The aera of each basin, including the side ditches and walks, shall be graded, sloped and finished as shown on the plans and laid out by the Engineer. All side depressions below grade shall be filled level with the top of the basin for their entire length, with a front slope wall of puddle built as specified. The bottom of each basin shall have a uniform grade as shown on the plans, and the sides slope shall have a uniform inclination all around of 3 to 1. SIDEWALKS. A berm 10 feet wide or more, shall be graded level with the top of the basins, between the berm and the side ditches. It shall be covered with a six inch layer of road metal. SIDE DITCHES. The side ditches shall be excavated to such grades and of such widths as the Engineer may direct ; they shall be paved where necessary in the opinion of the Engineer. The side ditches of the upper and lower basins shall connect with paved falls or shutes as located by the Engineer. 6*4 Final Report of the Engineer The inside drainage shall be conveyed to the outside ditches of the lower basin through a paved ditch on the berm of the southerly intermediate dam. The outside slope of the excavation for side ditches shall have an inclination of i to i, or such other as may be found more suitable to the character of the material. BORROWED MATERIAL. If materials suitable for the dams and side fills are not found in sufficient quantity in the regular excavations for the reservoir basins and ditches, the deficiency shall be supplied from outside of the ditches, but the excavations for the same must be carried in regular form and must be shaped, sloped and finished as directed by the Engineer. WASTE MATERIAL. Materials excavated not suitable for embankments and masonry shall be deposited in regular shape on the Trustee’s grounds at the foot of the back slope of the lower dam, or at such other place as the engineer may select. REVETMENT. The bottom and sides of each basin shall be reveted with con- crete or paving, or both as each case may require in the opinion of the Engineer. The bottom and sides must first be carefully trimmed to the proper shape and cleaned. Where the excavation has been carried down below the proper grade, it shall be filled to the proper grade by the contractor at his own expense with metaling or concrete as the case may require. From the top to the low water line of each basin the paving or concrete shall be laid on a foundation of broken rock mixed with a sufficient quantity of gravel and sand to fill all the interstices between the stones. The concrete shall be mixed by machinery and well rammed in place in layers not more than 12 inches thick. It shall be finish- ed with a coating of rich Portland cement mortar of sufficient thick- ness to cover all the stones and make a smooth finish. The paving shall be such as described under the head of paving for Reservoir Basins. The fresh concrete shall be protected by suitable covering until it has sufficiently hardened to stand the weather. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 65 MASONRY FOR INLET AND OUTLET. Curbs of masonry shall be built around the inlet pipes in the upper basins as shown in the plan. This masonry shall be of even range or broken range work capped with a 12 inch course of dimen- sion stones well clamped together. Masonry piers for the inlets in lower basin and for the outlets in the three basins as well as rest piers for the floating tubes, shall be built as shown on the plans. These piers shall be built of even range or broken range work with heartings of concrete capped with 12-inch courses of dimension stone well clamped together. The bottom, inside the inlet curbs and for a space three feet wide all around them, shall be paved with flag-stones hammer dressed and laid in cement, the tail walls of the inlet curb in the northerly upper basin shall have vertical grooves on their inside faces 8 inches deep and 10 inches wide, the grooves and the inside faces of the tail walls from the grooves to the end of the walls shall be dressed with the bush hammer Stone steps 2 feet long, 8 inches high and 2 feet 4 inches wide, overlapping 4 inches, shall be laid from the top of each dam to the level of the top of outlet piers as shown on plans, these stones shall be hammer dressed and laid in cement on a foundation of concrete. The joints between the steps and revetment shall be thoroughly fill- ed and pointed with rich cement mortar. FOOT BRIDGES. A foot bridge to be supplied by the Trustee’s shall be erected and placed in position in each basin, resting at one end on the out- let pier and at the other end on the first stone step on the dam. These foot bridges shall be anchored at both ends on to their seats as shown on the drawings. WEIR. A timber weir shall be built by the contractor in accordance with plans furnished, and instructions from the Engineer for the purpose of measuring the water delivered into the reservoirs by the pumping engine. This weir shall be erected as a continuation of the tail walls of the inlet in the northerly reservoir, and shall form a water tight connection therewith. When the measurements are completed the contractor shall dis- 66 Final Report of the Engineer connect the weir and deliver it on the reservoir grounds at such point as the engineer may direct. PIPES, CASTINGS, VALVES AND FLOATING TUBES. PIPE LAYING. All the pipes, valves, special castings, floating tubes, pedestals and other appendages, required in and out of reservoir from a point near the westerly end of the tunnel under the Highland pike to a point near the foot of the westerly slope of the lower dam, shall be laid and erected by the contractor. All pipes inside of the reservoir shall be laid in concrete as shown on plans. All flanged pipes and castings shall be jointed with sheet lead gasket properly lapped and of the full diameter and width of the flanges. TESTING OF PIPES LAID. All pipes laid inside of the basins and dams shall be tested to 300 pounds hydraulic pressure after they are laid, and all joints must be made water tight under that pressure before they are cov- ered up. The contractor shall supply the water, pumps, gauges, plugs and all other appliances, materials and tools, as well as all labor necessary for these tests, without extra charge, the cost of same being included in his prices for pipe laying. All the pipes and special pipe castings shall be delivered to the contractors on the reservoir grounds. All valves, sluice gates, floating tubes, foot bridges and their appendages shall be delivered by the Trustees to the contractors at the railroad depot in Coving- ton or Newport ; from the time of delivery the contractor shall be responsible to the Trustees for all breakages or injury to the same. The contractor shall furnish all labor, tools and materials necessary for the work, excepting the materials to be furnished by the Trus- tees as named above. GRADE AND ALIGNMENT. The grade and alignment of the pipe shall conform with the grade and alignment shown on the profile and plan furnished to the contractor and with any modification or change thereof that may be considered necessary or advisable by the Engineer during the pro- gress of the work. To the Trustees of the Covington Reset vir. 67 CLEARING. All trees, stumps, bushes and rubbish, as well as other surface obstructions within six feet of the center line of the trench, and any additional width that may be required for the work, shall be re- moved. TRENCHES. The width of trenches shall be sufficient at all points to allow the pipes and their appendages to be laid, set and caulked in the best and the most thorough and workmanlike manner. The depth of the trenches shall be such as may be required to conform with the grade given by the Engineer for the pipe, there shall be at least three feet of earth covering on top of the pipe. Wherever the bottom of the trench has been carried down be- low the proper grade, it shall be brought up to grade with selected material well rammed in. FOUNDATION. Where the bottom of the trench is soft and liable to yield, it shall be excavated to such additional depth as the Engineer may re- quire and a foundation of broken rock covered with a six-inch layer of selected material well rammed or such other foundation as the Engineer may prescribe shall be put in. ROCKY BOTTOM. Where the bottom of the trench is rocky it shall be excavated six inches below grade and brought up to proper grade with select- ed material well rammed in. PRECAUTIONS. In excavating the trench, the contractor shall carefully remove all loam, pavement and road metal at the surface and separate the same from the other material excavated, to be used in restoring the grounds, roads and streets to their original condition. All blastings near houses and public thoroughfares shall be done with the most diligent care and precaution to prevent injury to persons and property. All trenches shall be properly shored up. Trenches through public and private roads and through pasture lands shall be properly fenced and guarded. The contractors shall place and maintain in public highways proper painted notices of warning by day and red lights of warning by night. 68 Final Report of the Engineer REPAIR OF SEWERS, PIPES, FENCES, ETC. The contractor shall at his own expense divert, repair and re- store to the satisfaction of the Engineer, all sewers, culverts, drains, pipes, ditches, roads, fences and other works and properties which he may disturb or injure during the progress of his work. TRAVEL NOT TO BE INTERRUPTED The contractor shall so conduct and manage his work as not to interrupt travel in streets and public highways, and shall provide safe and convenient temporary crossings for the same when neces- sary. BACK FILLING. After the pipe is laid the trench shall be filled with selected material, free from rock, measuring more than two inches, carefully rammed on the side and top of the pipe to a level of six inches above the top of the pipe. The remainder of the fill shall be made with the material excavated, excluding all stones measuring more than six inches in any direction, rammed in layers of six inches in depth until sufficient room is left to receive the loam or the road metal or pavement which must be carefully replaced with such ad- ditional quantity as may be required for the restoration of the origi- nal surface. In streets and roads, the contractor shall finish the same to the satisfaction of the City Engineer or Superintendent of road or others having the same in charge. The surface shall generally be left higher than originally, making such allowance for the settling of the fill as the Engineer may direct. Frozen earth, roots, grass, and other perishable materials shall be carefully exclud- ed from the fills. Where the trench is so shallow as to leave less than 3 feet depth of covering on top of the pipe, sufficient material shall be added on to obtain the requisite depth of three feet. Where the bottom of the pipe is above ground, a foundation shall be built for its support after carefully removing for the entire width of its base^ all grass, vegetable mold and other materials deemed objectionable by the Engineer and a fill shall be made and carried to a height of not less than 3 feet above the top of the pipe, making always pro- per allowance for shrinkage. The fill shall be made with approved material, using the same care and method as prescribed for the back filling in trenches. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 69 All fills above ground shall have side slopes of not greater in- clination than 1^2 to i. On sloping ground the fills shall be pro- tected with approved surface ditches, and drains of approved size and construction shall be put in when required. WASTE MATERIAL. All waste material from the trenches shall be used for the con- struction of dams and fills as far as they may be suitable therefor. BORROWED MATERIAL. When the material excavated is insufficient or unfit to com- plete the back filling or fill, the contractor shall supply approved earth for the purpose from the side excavations of the basins as pro- vided under the head of grading. CLEANING. Before being laid the pipes shall be brushed through to remove adhering earth and all foreign matters which may have been left therein. MANNER OF LAYING. They shall be placed singly in the trench and bedded so as to rest firmly and uniformly throughout their entire length on the solid earth. JOINTS. The joints shall be made with the best quality of tarred hem- pen yarn, closely twisted in one piece for each joint, well caulked into the socket with a special tool, and soft lead poured in at one running and set up thoroughly and entirely around the pipe. The depth of lead after caulking shall not be less than 2 inches. The joints must be well and faithfully caulked by an experienced and competent man in the best manner. PRECAUTIONS. Care shall be taken to prevent any earth, stone or other ma- terial from entering the pipes as they are being laid, and every open end of a pipe laid shall be plugged before leaving the work for any length of time. The pipes and appendages shall be handled with the greatest care and with proper tools so as to avoid injury to the coating. No injured or imperfect pipe shall be laid. 70 Final Report of the Engineer No vertical and horizontal carve or bend shall be laid with straight pipes of less radius than 478 feet, without special provision and permission of the Engineer. CROSSING OF WATER COURSES. At the crossing of water courses, arch culverts and pipe drains shall be built in accordance with plans furnished by the Engineer, and the pipe laid thereon and covered to such a depth as may be required. Where the pipe crosses under the bed of the stream it shall be laid in concrete and protected with paving and slope walls, when required by the Engineer. Where the pipe crosses existing culverts and drains so as to re- quire the reconstruction of any part thereof, the same shall be done in accordance with plans furnished or approved by the Engineer. VALVE CURBS. Valve curbs, where required, shall be of stone or brick laid in cement with approved cast iron neck and cover. They shall be built on a foundation of stone or brick laid in cement and shall be drained with a stone-ware pipe of suitable size. MASONRY. STONE. The stone shall be generally blue lime stone of best quality found in the hills surrounding Newport and Covington, or other stone of good quality approved by the Engineer. It shall be of the size prescribed for each class of work, free from clay and dry seams, and sound in every particular. BRICK. The brick shall all be hard burnt paving brick, well tempered, of good form, free of lime and cracks *and capable of standing a pressure of four thousand pounds per square inch without crushing. They shall be soaked in water immediately before using. CEMENT. The cement shall be equal to the best quality of Louisville hy- draulic cement and shall stand, without breaking, a tensile stress of To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 71 one hundred pounds per square inch in briquettes seven days old ; it shall not swell or crack in the process of hardening. The Port land cement shall stand, without breaking, a tensile strain of 300 pounds per square inch in briquettes seven days old. All cement shall be properly cooled and air slacked before used. SAND. The sand shall be clean, sharp river sand. MORTAR. The cement mortar shall generally be composed of one mea- sure of cement and two measures of sand, well mixed with clear water in clean mortar beds and used immediately after mixing. Different proportions of sand and cement shall be used, if re- quired by the Engineer. BRICK ARCHING. Brick arching shall consist of the required number of rings of brick laid flush in cement mortar, each line of brick breaking joints with the adjoining lines in the same ring and in the ring below it. No headers shall be used in the arch. No bats shall be allowed in the work except for closures. The thickness of joints shall not exceed one half inch between bricks in the same ring nor five-eight inch between rings. The arch shall be covered over with a coating of cement mortar not less than three-quarters inches thick. BRICK WALLS. The same specifications shall apply to brick walls as for brick arching, excepting that the brick shall be laid in wall with the ordi- nary bond, every seventh course being of headers. BRICK PAVING. The bottom or floor shall be first carefully trimmed to the proper form and covered with a thick bed of cement mortar, the brick shall be floated thereon and laid close with full joints to the required template. The brick shall be laid on edge and shall break joints as for biick arching. The paving shall also be grouted after being laid if the same be considered necessary by the Engineer. Final Report of the Engineer 72 STONE ARCH MASONRY. The arch proper shall be built of selected stone of uniform thickness in each course, laid flush, in cement mortar, each stone extending through the entire thickness of arch. The stones shall not be less than six inches thick ; they shall be hammer dressed on the intrados, bed and joints ; the joints shall be square with the face and not less than nine inches deep ; each course shall break joints not less than eight inches with the courses adjoining ; the thickness of joints shall not exceed three-quarter inches. The arches shall be backed from the haunches with rubble work, laid flush, in cement mortar. The ring stones at the ends shall be rock faced. The abutment walls, wing walls, parapet and sunk walls shall be built of even or broken range work, such as described under that head ; the parapets and wings shall be capped with selected stones, projecting four inches beyond face of walls, not less than six inches thick and eighteen inches long, and extending through the entire width of the coping course with parallel joints. The joints and beds of the coping course shall be hammer dressed. EVEN AND BROKEN RANGE WORK. Even and broken range masonry shall be built of stones not less than 6 inches thick, well bonded and laid flush in cement mor- tar. No stone shall measure less than i y 2 square foot on the bed and yz at least must be headers extending through the entire thick- ness of wall when the same does not exceed 18 inches. All stones must be square-faced and break joints not less than 8 inches with those adjoining. The face-joints shall not be less than 6 inches deep — joints and beds shall not exceed Y inches in thickness. No spalls shall be allowed in the beds and face joints. The masonry shall be capped with selected stones of the entire width of coping course, of uniform thickness, not less than 6 inches. They shall have hammer dressed beds and joints. STONE PAVING. Stone paving shall be built with selected stones from 8 to 12 inches deep and not less than 4 inches thick roughly squared at the ends and laid on edge dry or flush in good cement mortar, as the Engineer may direct. To the Trustees of the' Covington Reservoir. 73 CONCRETE. Concrete shall be composed by actual measurement of four measures of broken stone of uniform size, measuring not more than two inches in any direction, free from clay and well screened, two measures of sand and one measure of cement, all well mixed on a plank bed and well rammed in place in layers as directed by the Engineer. DRAIN PIPE. None but double strength, vitrified stone pipe of the best qual- ity and manufacture shall be used. The pipes shall be laid on a solid foundation carefully shaped to fit the pipe and covered with a good bed of cement mortar. The joints shall be completely filled with cement mortar. The ends of the pipe must be carefully set in a wall of brick or stone of approved shape and size and protected with a covering of earth not less than 2 feet thick. PAVING FOR REVETMENT OF RESERVOIR BASINS. The stones shall be of uniform thickness in each course, not less than 6 inches, 12 inches deep and not less than 12 inches long ; they shall be square faced with good beds and joints, the joints ex- tending not less than 8 inches from the face ; they shall be laid square with the face of revetment and shall break joints not less than 6 inches. For dry paving they shall be laid and rammed firm- ly on a good bed of coarse sand spread uniformly on top of the metal foundation, and all joints shall be thoroughly filled with coarse sand, gravel and chippings. For paving in cement they shall be laid flush in cement mortar, on a good bed of mortar spread uni- formly on top of the metal or natural foundation. All joints and beds shall be thoroughly filled and pointed with rich cement mor- tar ; no spalls shall be allowed in the beds and joints. The thick- ness of joints shall not exceed ^ inches. FLAGGING. The flag-stones for pavement inside and around the curbs and piers shall be of compact limestone, free of seams, and of quality approved by the Engineer. They shall measure not less than 8 square feet on the face, and not less than one foot in thickness. They shall have hammer dressed joints and face, and the joints 74 Final Report oj the Engineer shall extend through the full thickness of the stones. They shall be laid flat on their natural quarry bed, in good cement mortar. All joints shall be well filled and pointed with rich cement mortar. COPINGS. The coping stones for the curbs and the piers shall be in all re- spects similar to the flag-stones for pavement. They shall be thor- oughly bound together with approved iron clamps set in lead. GENERAL. All showing joints of all classes of masonry shall be neatly pointed with rich Portland cement mortar. No masonry shall be laid in freezing weather without permis- sion from the Engineer. The foundations for all masonry shall be carried to such depths as the Engineer may direct ; they shall be properly prepared with a bed of concrete or a timber platform if required. The timber shall be white oak free of sap and of all defects affecting its strength or durability. PRICES AND MEASUREMENTS. Bidders must put in a price for every item of work named in the form of proposals furnished to them. All grading shall be measured in the embankments and paid for as “embankment,” “puddle” and “waste.” There shall be no classification of materials excavated ; the price to be paid shall , include clearing, trimming, hauling, and all other items of expense connected with grading. All classes of masonry, excepting drain pipes, shall be paid for by the cubic yard ; measuring the actual quantity of each class of work in each structure; in arch culverts, only the masonry of arch proper above the spring line with the backing at the haunches shall be paid as arch masonry. The prices to be paid shall include all items of expense neces- sary or incidental to the work. The measurement of pipes for payment shall be the actual lineal measurement along the center line of pipes after they are laid and without any extra allowance for laps. The prices to be paid shall be for the pipes laid and covered including all curved and To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 75 other special pipe castings, other than valves, with all the works in- cidental thereto, complete, excepting masonry. The prices to be paid for erecting and setting stop and waste valves, sluice gates, floating tubes and foot bridges shall include their cartage from the railroad depot in Covington or Newport and the carting and setting of their foundation, curbs, covers, pedestals, supports, anchorage and other fittings with all the works incidental thereto, complete, excepting masonry. The prices to be paid for each valve-house shall be for the house complete, with floor, roof, doors, windows and all other works incidental thereto. The prices to be paid for timber and wrought iron shall be for the actual quantities of these materials furnished by the contractors and left by him in the completed structures, and shall include all items of expense incidental to the placing of said materials in said completed structures. The said prices shall also cover and include all the costs of ex- cavations, trenching, blasting, hauling, bailing, pumping, shoring, centering, filling, and back filling, soiling, sodding, fencing, light- ing, notices, guards, watchmen, repairs and restorations and all the materials, tools and labor necessary for or incidental to the con- struction and maintenance of the work until it is completed and ac- cepted under the provisions of this contract and these specifications. GENERAL CONDITIONS. The grading, masonry, pipe-laying and other works shall be proceeded with at such time as the Engineer shall direct. OBSERVANCE OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS. In all operations connected with the work, all laws, ordinances and regulations controling or limiting in any way the action of those engaged on the work shall be respected and observed. SUB LETTING AND TRANSFERS. The contractor shall not sub let, assign or transfer this contract or any part thereof to any person or persons without the consent of the Trustees. COMPETENT WORKMEN. He shall give his personal supervision to the work and shall employ competent workmen and experienced mechanics, skilled in 76 Final Report of the Engineer the several works assigned to them. He shall immediately dis- charge on request of the Engineer any of his employes considered by said Engineer as incompetent or disorderly, and shall not again employ him upon the works. ORDERS CONCERNING THE WORK. In the absence of the contractor from any part of the work, the engineer shall give his orders respecting that work to whomsoever may be in charge of or executing said work, and said orders shall be respected and obeyed. CHANGES. The Trustees shall have the right to make without vitiating this contract any changes in location, grade, alignment, form, dimen- sions and numbers at the several structures, and to increase or di- minish the quantities of the work to be done as the interests of the city of Covington may in their judgment require, if the character of the work is also changed thereby and rendered more costly, the Engineer shall estimate and determine the amount which should fairly and equitably be allowed to the contractor, and the same shall be accepted by the contractor without any claims for anticipated profits on the work that may be dispensed with. EXTRA WORK. The value of any extra work shall be likewise estimated and determined by the Engineer. No claim for extra work shall be made or allowed unless the work shall have been done in compliance with a written order from the Trustees or the Engineer. All claims for extra work shall be made in writing before the payment of the succeeding estimate after the work is performed, failing to make such claim the same shall be considered as abandoned by the contractor. REJECTED MATERIAL. The contractor shall promptly remove all rejected material to such distance as may in the judgment of the Engineer be sufficient to prevent its being used in the work. DEFECTIVE WORK. All defective work shall be promptly taken down by the con- To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 77 tractor on orders from the Engineer to that effect, and rebuilt pro- perly at his own expense. RATE OF PROGRESS. The rate of progress of the work at all times must be such as to insure its completion within the limit of time specified. Should the same appear insufficient in the opinion of the Engineer, he shall have the right to order such increase in the working forces as he may think necessary. SUSPENSION OF WORK. The contractor shall without any claim for damages or extra compensation suspend the work when he shall be ordered to do so by the Engineer by reason of inclement weather or for other causes. EXTENSION OF CONTRACT. TIME But if his work be delayed by reason of non-delivery of pipes, valves or other appliances to be furnished by the Trustees, failure to procure the right of way, or other acts of the Trustees, he shall be entitled to a reasonable extension of time for the completion of his work and the Engineer shall estimate and determine the length of such extension, but the contractor shall have no claim for damages on account of such delays. LIABILITIES AND RISKS. The contractor assumes all risks arising from the weather, ac- cidents and casualties of all kinds. He shall pay all damages to persons and properties and repair at his own cost all damages that may occur to the work until it is completed entirely and accepted by the Engineer. He shall further maintain at his own cost in a good, perfect and water tight condition, all parts of the work for a period of six months after its acceptance by the Engineer. SPECIFICATIONS DEFINED. The meaning and intent of these specifications shall be defined by the Engineer and his decision thereon shall be final and binding upon the parties thereto. CONVICT LABOR. No convict labor shall be employed on the work. 78 Final Report of the Engineer ENGINEER DEFINED. Wherever the word Engineer is mentioned in this contract it shall be taken to mean the chief Engineer for the Trustees. FORM OF PROPOSAL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS. — ist CONTRACT. The undersigned hereby certif that ha personally and carefully examined the grounds and site of the proposed reservoir for the city of Covington, Ky., on the Moreland place, in Campbell county, Ky. : also, that ha carefully examined the plans and profile for the same, and carefully read the annexed specifications and form of contract. Having made such examination, the undersigned hereby pro- pose to the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir to construct and complete said reservoir, to do all the works specified according to the conditions and specifications aforesaid and on the acceptance of this proposal hereby binds to enter into and execute the contract for the work at the following prices. These prices are to be in full compensation for performing the said work and for guaranteeing their permanency and durability as provided in the contract and specifications. PRICES. Embankment (excepting puddle) per cubic yard Puddle, per cubic yard Waste excavations, per cubic yard Stone arch culvert masonry, per cubic yard Broken Range Masonry, per cubic yard Brick arch culvert masonry, per cubic yard Brick masonry, per cubic yard _ Brick paving, per cubic yard Stone paving in cement, per cubic yard Dollars. Cts. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 79 Dollars. ' Cts. Stone paving, dry, per cubic yard Concrete, per cubic yard f Stone paving in cement, per cubic yd. I Stone paving, dry, per cubic yard | -j Flagging in cement, per cubic yard __ I Metal in foimdations, per cubic yard__ [concrete, per cubic yard Copings of piers and curbs basins, per cubic yard 1 2 inches diameter, per lineal foot 6 inches diameter, per lineal foot 4 inches diameter, per lineal foot 30 inches diameter, per lineal foot 18 inches diameter, per lineal foot ! 8 inches diameter, per lineal foot 6 inches diameter, per lineal foot ^ 4 inches diameter, per lineal foot j ' 30 inches diameter, each I 18 inches diameter, each | 8 inches diameter, each__s. 6 inches diameter, each ! ^ 4 inches diameter, each J Setting flushing hydrants, each Erecting floating tubes and supports , each set__ Erect foot bridges , each Erecting and setting sluice gates , each Valve houses , each Timber in platform covers and weir per 1,000 feet B. M Wrought iron in weir, clamps, spindles, ladders,! bolts, &c., , per pound I Revetment of Basins. Drain Pipes Pipe laying Complete. Setting stop Valves Complete, each. Signature. Address Dated 80 Final Report of the Engineer FORM OF PROPOSAL FOR 1 HE COMPLETION OF RESERVOIR.— 2 nd CONTRACT. The undersigned hereby certif that personally and care- fully examined the grounds, site and unfinished work of the pro- posed Reservoirs for the City of Covington, Ky., in Campbell County, Kentucky, as also the materials delivered for the same, the plans and profiles for the same, and carefully read the annex speci- fications and form of contract. Having made such examination, the undersigned hereby propose to the Trustees of the Covington Reservoirs to construct and complete said Reservoirs, and to do all the works specified according to the conditions and specifications aforsaid, using the materials delivered as far as they are suitable for the same; and on the acceptance of this proposal hereby bind to enter into and execute the contract for the work at the following prices. These prices are to be in full compensation for performing the said work and for guaranteeing their permanency and dura- bility as provided in the contract and specifications. Embankment excepting puddle, per cubic yard Puddle, per cubic yard Waste excavation, per cubic yard Broken or even range masonry, per cubic yard Brick masonry, per cubic yard Brick paving, per cubic yard Stone paving in cement, per cubic yard Stone paving dry, per cubic yard t Concrete, per cubic yard f Stone paving in cement, per cubic yard Revetment I Flagging in cement, per .cubic yard of Basins i Metal in foundations, per cubic yard-. ^Concrete, per cubic yard Pipelaying — 6 inches diameter — per lineal foot Dollars. Cts. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 81 Dollars. Setting hydrants, including 4 inch pipe, branch and valves — each Setting 6-inch valves — each. Erecting and setting floating tubes and supports — each set Erecting and setting sluice gates and appendages^ each Valve houses, upper dams, each Valve house, lower dam Timber in platform covers and weir per 1,000 feet — B. M Cts. Wrought iron in weir, clamps, guards, ladders, bolts &c., per lb basin Sodding slopes per square (10ft. square) Pointing unfinished paving revetment north per square (10ft. square) Plastering unfinished concrete north basin per square (10ft. square) Additional concrete in depressions below grade in lower basin — per cubic yard Prices allowed to the Trustees for material delivered on the ground Sand stone for broken or even range masonry Dressed, per cubic yard.__. Undressed, per cubic yard. Limestone Undressed Sand stone for paving ( Dressed, per cubic yard Revetment of basins ( Undressed, per cubic yard- 'For broken or even range masonry, per cubic yard For paving revetment of basins, per cubic yard For paving, outsides of basins, per cubic yard For concrete and metal, per cubic yard! For sand, per cubic yard ^ , , f Pordand lor cement, per barrel j 1 Louisville 82 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ C.” COVINGTON NEW WATER WORKS. SPECIFICATIONS FOR CAST IRON PIPES. QUALITY AND STRENGTH OF METAL. The iron shall be of pig metal, it shall be tough, close-grained, of homogeneous texture and uniform in quality, it shall stand with- out breaking a tensile stress of 20,000 lbs. per square inch. METHOD OF CASTING. The pipes shall be cast vertically and without the use of core nails, they shall be cooled gradually to avoid chilling in any part. PERFECT PIPES. The pipes shall be straight, square at the ends and at the inner edge of socket, truly cylindrical and of the exact internal diameter specified, their sections shall be truly concentric and their thickness uniform throughout their length between socket and spigot. They shall have a smooth surface inside and out, free from air bubbles, scoria and core nails, all spigot ends shall fit well into sockets to the bottom. The sockets and spigots shall conform in shape and size to the adopted standard which shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer for the Trustees. SPECIAL CASTINGS. Curved pipes and other special castings shall be made in con- formity with drawings furnished and approved by the engineer, they shall joint properly with straight pipes of the same diameter and with other castings with which -they may be intended to connect. PROTECTION. All pipes and special castings shall be coated inside and out with Dr. Augus Smith’s preparation of soft pitch, linseed oil and To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 88 rosin at a temperature of about 300° Fahrenheit. Before dipping, the pipes. must be free of rust and shall be carefully cleansed with hard brushes to remove adhering clay and sand. They shall remain in the bath not less than 30 minutes, the dipping pan shall be emp- tied and the mixture renewed after every day of continuous use. TEST. Every pipe shall be tested at the expense of the contractor un- der a hydraulic pressure of 250 lbs. per square inch for the pipes one inch thick, 300 lbs. per square inch for the pipes one and one- eighth inches thick, and 350 lbs. per square inch for the pipes one and one-quarter inches thick, and struck sharply with a hammer while being tested, to detect hidden flaws and cracks. The weight and thickness of every length of pipe and casting must be marked thereon in plain legible letters and figures, in white paint. DISCREPENCIES IN WEIGHTS. Pipes weighing less than two per cent, of the calculated weight from the thickness specified, shall be rejected, any excess of weight over two per cent, of the calculated weight shall not be paid for. INSPECTION. An expert inspector appointed by the Trustees shall inspect and supervise the work and material and see that all the stipulations o these specifications are faithfully carried out, he shall have free ac- cess to the foundry and all tests and weighing shall be made under his personal supervision. The contractor shall furnish him with necessary facilities and all tools, specimens, appliances and labor required for his work, without extra charge. REJECTED PIPES. Pipes and special castings found defective after acceptance by the inspector and after delivery, shall be rejected and the contrac- tor shall replace them with good pipes and castings acceptable to the engineer, free of cost to the Trustees. t QUANTITIES AND THICKNESS OF PIPES REQUIRED. The quantities of pipes to be furnished under this contract are estimated to be approximately : 35,000 lineal feet of 30 inch internal diam. varying from one 84 Final Report oj the Engineer inch to one and one-quarter inches in thickness and 2,000 lineal feet of 18 inches internal diam. one inch thick. These quantities in- clude special castings. The exact quantity of each kind shall be determined hereafter when the location of the pipe line shall have been finally decided upon, but the aggregate is not expected to vary from the foregoing approximate figures more than 20 per cent. RATE OF DELIVERY. The pipes shall be delivered at the rate of of the entire quantity required for each of the months of June, July, August, September and October, 1887, each delivery shall consist of pipes of such size and thickness as the Engineer shall direct and all special castings shall be made and delivered within thirty days of the orders therefor, the remainder of the pipes and castings shall be delivered within ninety days of the receipt of the order therefor. FAILURE TO DELIVER. The progress of the pipe laying and other work of the trustees must not be delayed by the failure of the contractor to deliver the pipes and castings in accordance with the conditions herein specified, and in case that the contractor should fail to comply with these con- ditions or any other stipulation of his contract, it shall be in the dis- cretion of the Trustees to order and purchase their pipes and cast- ings elsewhere and to deduct any extra charges thereby incurred from any money which may then be or afterwards become due to the said contractors. TERMS OF PAYMENT. The contractor shall be paid on or about the 15th of every month 90 per cent, of the monthly estimate returned by the Engineer for pipes delivered during the preceding month and the balance at the termination of the contract, on presentation of the final certifi- cate of the Engineer. PROPOSALS. Proposals shall be ueceived for the pipes delivered on board cars in Covington and Newport, and also for the pipes delivered and dis- tributed on the located line for the pipe, each length to be deposited within 30 feet of the position it is to occupy in the trench. For de- livery on board cars the Trustees reserve the right to determine the quantities that shall be delivered in Newport and Covington, re- To 'the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 85 spectively. Information as to the probable location of the pipe line can be had at the Engineer’s office — contractors bidding for the de- livery of the pipe on the line, are requested to go over the ground and acquaint themselves with the difficulties of delivery. FORM FOR PROPOSAL. The undersigned having carefully read the specifications here- unto annexed for the pipes and castings of the Covington New Water Works, and having personally examined the ground on the location of the pipe line, hereby propose to furnish and deliver said pipes and castings, and upon acceptance of this proposal by the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir, hereby agree and bind them- selves to enter into and execute a contract for the delivery of said pipes and castings in accordance with said specifications at the fol- lowing prices : Straight pipe delivered o, b, c, in Covington per ton of 2,000 lbs. — . Straight pipe delivered o, b, c, in Newport per ton of 2,000 lbs. . Straight pipe delivered and distributed on the located line of pipe — per ton of 2,000 lbs. . Special castings delivered on board cars in Covington — per ton of 2,000 lbs. . Special castings delivered o, b, c, in Newport — per ton of 2,000 lbs . Special castings delivered and distributed on the located line of pipe — per ton of 2,000 lbs. . .Signature Address 86 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “D.” SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DELIVERY OF PIPES AND CASTINGS FOR THE NEW COVINGTON WATER WORS. EXTENT OF CONTRACT. The contract for the delivery of the pipes and castings shall in- clude the unloading from the cars at the railroad yard in Covington and Newport and the hauling of the same to the place they are in- tended to occupy on the pipe line and at the reservoir site. The pipes intended to be laid on the west side of the Licking shall be delivered by the foundry on board of cars in Covington, those in- tended to be laid on the east side of the Licking shall be delivered by the foundry on board of cars in Newport. UNLOADING. The cars must be unloaded promptly within the time allowed by railroad company for the same. Any charge for demurrage of cars beyond said time shall be paid by the contractors. In unloading the cars the pipe shall not be allowed to drop therefrom, but shall be handled with a derrick, or rolled off gently by means of skids and ropes. The same care shall be used in unloading from the wagons and trucks at the place of delivery on the line. HAULING AND DELIVERY. The pipes shall be hauled on suitable trucks and wagons and de- ivered on the ground, in a sound condition, within thirty feet of the place they are intended to occupy in the trench, or at such place as shall be satisfactory to the engineer for the Tiustees. They shall To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 87 not be dragged or rolled over stony ground, but shall be handled with proper care and judgment to avoid injury to the iron and the rubbing off of the coating. The engineer shall designate the exact location on the line of each class of pipe. FAILURE TO DELIVER. The progress of the pipe laying and other work of the Trustees must not be delayed by the failure of the contractor to deliver the pipe and castings as specified ; and in case he should fail to deliver the same promptly as they arrive from the foundry, or cause any injury or damage to the pipes in handling or hauling the same, or fail to comply with any other condition of his contract, it shall be in the discretion of the Trustees to employ any other person or per- sons by contract or day’s work, or otherwise, to do the work, and to purchase other pipes and castings to replace those that may have been damaged or injured, and to deduct all expenses thereby in- curred from any money which may then or may afterwards become due to the said contractors. PRICES. The prices must cover all labor, tools, appliances, working tools, and other expenses necesary or incidental to the prompt and safe delivery of the pipes and castings as specified. LIABILITIES. The contractor shall be liable for all damages done tD persons and' properties, caused by them or their agents. PAYMENTS. The contractors shall be paid on or about the 15th of every month ninety per cent, of the monthly estimates returned by the Engineer for pipe delivered during the preceding month, and the balance at the termination of the contract on the presentation of the final certificate of the Engineer. INFORMATION. Information as to the location of the pipe line and reservoirs can be had at the Engineer’s office. Contractors are required to go over the ground and acquaint themselves with the difficulties of delivery and the length of the haul before bidding. 88 Final Report of the Engineer The Trustees guarrantee to the Cincinnati and Newport Iron and Pipe Company free right of ingress and egress on the entire line of the pipe, to be exercised with due care on their part in doing said hauling. FORM FOR PROPOSALS FOR THE DELIVERY OF PIPES. The undersigned having carefully read the specifications hereto annexed for the delivery on the line of pipe, of the pipes and cast- ings required for the new Covington Water Works, and having per- sonally examined the ground on the location of the pipe line, here- by proposes to deliver said pipes and castings from the railroad cars in Newport and Covington, and on acceptance of this proposal by the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir, hereby agree to enter into and execute a contract with said Trustees for the delivery of said pipes and castings in accordance with said specifications at the following price : — 1. For pipes and castings delivered on the west side of the Lick- ing — per ton of 2,000 lbs. — $ 2. For pipes and castings delivered on the east side of the Lick- ing — per ton of 2,000 lbs. — $ Signature. Address. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir . 89 EXHIBIT “ E.” SPECIFICATIONS FLOATING TUBES, WASHOUTS, GATES AND APPEN- DAGES OF THE COVINGTON RESERVOIR. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. FLOATING TUBES AND APPENDAGES — BODIES. There shall be three floating tubes, 30 inches inside diameter, and 29 feet, 29 feet and 35 feet long respectively from center of rotation to upper end of strainer. The body of each tube shall be built of sheet iron fa inch thick, riveted with butt joints, batten rings and plates; the batten rings on the outside and the batten plates on the inside. The tube bodies shall be stiffened with 2 in. x 2 in. x 3.1 lb. angle rings, space as shown on plan. CAST ELBOWS. The lower end of tube shall be fastened to a flanged cast iron elbow by a 3 in. x 3^ in. X9 lb. angle, and 24 bolts, fa in., with a lead gasket between them. To a cast bracket on the elbow is fitted a wrought iron journal, fastened thereto with four fa inch bolts, and turning on brass bearings on a cast iron chair, as shown on plan. A circular frame of wrought iron pressed into the opposite end of the elbow is fastened thereto with four [4] fa set screws. Into the center of the frame is fitted a 2 in. pin, fastened with nut and washer, and fixed with a fa set screw. 90 Final Report oj the Engineer The journal end of the pin, turns in a brass bushing, fitted into the center of a similar frame at the end of a 30-in. cast elbow bolted to the upper end of the effluent pipe which projects above the masonry, as shown. The joint between the two elbows is made water tight by a cup leather packing, as shown. STRAINERS. The strainer at the upper end of the tube is formed of 71 parallel angle bars, 1 in. x 1 in. x 1 lb. x 2 ft. in. long, spaced ^4 of an inch in the clear, and fastened by two [2] ^-in. rivets at each end, to iron angle rings 3 in. x 3 in. X5. 9 lbs. The strainer head is a in. plate, perforated with y-in. holes, 2 in. center to center, staggered, riveted to the upper angle iron ring. All the rivets in the tube, excepting when otherwise specified, are y in., spaced 2 in. center to center. To facilitate repairs, three of the parallel angle bars on each side of the strainer are fastened together but are not riveted to the angle rings, as shown on plan, and can be removed when the plates are taken off. Immediately below the strainer, a yoke made of two bars y in. x 2 in. riveted to the body of the tube, serves for the attachment of the float on the upper side, and of the hauling down chain on the under side. float. 1 The floats are cylinders, 4 ft. — 6 in. diameter, with curved top and bottom, as shown • the length of the cylindrical part being 4 ft. — 3 in. for the lower basin, and 3 ft. — 9 in. for the upper basins. They are built of ^-in. iron plates and 2^x2^ angles, rivet- ed with y 2 in. rivets 2 in. pitch. On the top is riveted a wrought iron flange collar 2 inches inside diameter, closed with a brass screw plug to admit the suction end of a hand pump for the pur- pose of pumping out water that may leak into the float. The top and bottom are connected with a y inch rod upset and threaded at the upper end, with an eye-head and shoulder at the lower end. The rod goes through two wrought iron flanged collars 1 The construction and sizes of floats were modified, they are riveted under the tubes and made all of the same size, viz, 6 ft. 4 in. in diameter, and 5 ft. long in the body. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 91 riveted to the top and bottom of float; these collars project i inch inside of float through the ends of a two inch gas pipe strut. The nut of the if inch rod is forged with a if inch round holder, through which a check nut is screwed home. The lower end of the y inch rod is attached to the hinge frame through a double forked forging, forming two knuckle joints at right angles. Lead washers are interposed between bearings at each end of the if inch rod to form water-tight joints. The hinge frame is forged in one piece, “A ” shaped, with i in. x i in. iron, and turns on a i inch rod through the upper end of the yoke attachment. CAST STAND FOR FLOAT. 2 A T 7 g inch check chain, 5 feet long, fastened at one end to the lower pin of the knuckle joint, and to the strainer head at the other, forces the float to settle on a cast iron stand in front of the strainer when the tube is at rest in a horizontal position. This stand is flanged at both ends, one opened in front at the top and in the rear at the bottom, to allow for the free motion of the hinge frame and of the hauling down chain. It is anchored to a stone pedestal with four anchor bolts, if inch diameter, as shown. CAST SUPPORT FOR FLOATING TUBE. Another cast iron stand, also anchored to a stone pedestal with 4 if inch bolts, serves to support the floating tube when it is at rest in a horizontal position. This stand supports also an 8 inch pully, with brass bushing, for hauling down chain. HAULING DOWN CHAIN AND CAST IRON WAYS. This is a inch chain, fastened at one end to the lower part of the yoke back of the strainer, and at the other end to the drum of a crab anchored on top of the dam, in a direct line with the floating tube. The chain rests on cast iron ways, made of ribbed slabs, laid on the stone pavement of the dam, as shown. The length of chain, which must be sufficient to allow the tubes to stand in a vertical position, is 179 feet for the lower basin, and 156 feet for each of the two upper basins. 2 This stand was dispensed with. 92 Final Report of the Engineer HAND CRABS. The three hand crabs are alike. They shall be built with strong cast iron frames, anchored on a masonry foundation, and shall be geared with sufficient power and strength for a pull of 6,000 pounds with two men at the cranks; they shall have a hand-brake and ratchet wheel, and all journal bearing shall be of Babbitt metal. FLUSHING GATES AND APPENDAGE'S. There shall be three flushing gates, one for each basin of the Reservoir. They shall* be alike, excepting the length of the chains, which shall be thirteen feet for the lower basin, and 17 feet 6 inches for each of the other two upper basins. GATE BELL. The gate bell is a cylinder 21^ inches inside of diameter, 4 feet 3 inches high, out to out, made of y inch iron riveted with butt joint and outside batten plates on the seam. It shall be closed on top with a riveted flanged plate ^4 inch thick. An annular cast footing riveted at the bottom forms the seat of the gate. All the rivets shall be y inch with 2 inch pitch, unless otherwise specified. Underneath the inside flange of the cast footing a rubber ring y inch thick, 13^ inches, inside diameter, is bolted wich 12 half inch bolts, and a wrought iron washer ring 2 in. x y in. All bearing surfaces of the cast footing shall be dressed ; the inside surface of same below the flange shall be dressed to a conical shape, as shown. GUIDE RODS. Two guide rods, 1 ^ 4 -inch diameter, have T heads at the lower ends fitting into notched lugs cast on the flushing elbow set in the concrete revetment of the basin. The top ends of the guide rods are threaded, and screw on two cast bearings, bolted on a wrought iron bracket frame, set in the masonry, as shown. Two wrought iron guides, riveted to the body of the gate bell, fit on the guide rods through bored holes 1 inches in diameter, lined with brass bushings }& inch thick. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 93 BRACKET FRAME. The bracket frame is formed of a horizontal bar, ^ in. by 3 in., forged into a U shape, and bent downwards at the ends, which are laid 18 inches into masonry. Two inclined braces of the same size support this bar underneath ; they bear squarely against the masonry at the bottom through a forked end, and connect with the horizon- tal bar at the top by riveted butting pieces, and 4 three-quarter inch bolts, which serve also to fasten the bearings for the guide rods. The gate bell is suspended to a ^ inch chain by a V shaped stir- rup, made of ^-inch round iron, riveted to the body of the bell, as shown. ANCHOR BOLTS. Provide four^,nchor bolts for each gate with 6 in. x 6 in. x in. wrought washers to set the lifting crane on top of the misonry pier. These bolts shall be of 1^ inches in diameter, and 22 inches long, from center of eye. They shall be forged with flat eye heads, as shown. LIFTING CRANES. Provide one lifting crane with folding legs as shown on drawing, to serve for the three basins. The hinge on top is formed by 1^- inch pin through eye forgings bolted to the ends of frame and leg timbers, and supports the chain pulley 9 inches in diameter, with brass bushing. Forgings with forked eyes are also bolted to the bottom ends of frame and leg timbers, and fastened by pins to the four anchor bolts on the pier. On the frame is mounted a hand crab geared with sufficient power and strength for a pull of 6,000 pounds on the chain with two men at the crank wheels. The crab shall have a hand brake and ratchet wheel, and all journal bearings shall be of Babbitt metal or brass. The crank wheels shall be three feet in diameter ; they shall be built to act as common wheels rolling on the ground when the legs are folded and the crane is being moved from place to place. When acting in this manner they shall be disconnected from the gearings. 94 Final Report of the Engineer WORKMANSHIP AND DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION. All workmanship shall be first class in every particular. RIVETING. Rivet holes shall be accurately spaced, and shall fit exactly oppo- site to each other, without drifting. No crack shall be allowed be- tween the rivet holes and edge of piece. Rivets, when driven, shall completely fill the holes. Rivet heads shall be full size, well formed, and concentric to the holes. No loose rivets shall be allowed. All » joints in the floating tube, float and gate bell, must be thoroughly caulked and water-tight. BEARING SURFACES. 1 All bearing surfaces except between riveted plates, must be ma- chine dressed, and must fit with close contact throughout. PIN HOLES. All pin holes shall be bored at right angles with the plane of rotation. pins. All pins shall be turned true to size and straight. NUTS, THREADS AND WASHERS. There shall be wrought iron washers under all nuts of pins, and under nut and head of all bolts through wood ; and the bearing of all nuts and heads must be uniform and true. All threads must be well and uniformly cut and full. Nuts shall generally be hexagonal in shape ; they must fit well and without play. GEARING. All gearings shall fit well without lost motion, and shall be pro- portioned with a factor of safety of 5 for wrought iron, and 10 for cast iron. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 95 QUALITY OF MATERIAL WROUGHT IRON. All wrought iron shall be tough, ductile, and of fibrous texture. Specimens of y 2 square inch in sectional area cut out of bars and angles shall stand without breaking, not less than 50,000 pounds tensile stress, with elongation of 18 per cent., and shall bend cold 180° without sign of fracture, around a circle whose radius is equal to the thickness of the iron. Specimens, cut out of plates, shall stand without breaking, a tensile stress of not less than 48,000 pounds with elongation of 10 per cent., and shall bend cold without sign of fracture, 90° around a circle whose radius is equal to the thickness of the iron. Cold rivets shall bend flat on themselves without sign of fracture. CAST IRON. Cast iron shall be of the best quality of tough gray metal, and shall stand without breaking, 20,000 pounds tensile stress, in speci- mens y inches in diameter. Castings shall be smooth, well-shaped, free from air holes, cracks, cinders, core nails, and other imper- fections. All the wrought and cast iron must be thoroughly protected with a coating of coal tar and oil by Dr. Angus Smith’s process. PRICES. The price bid must cover all the material and work for the entire outfit, delivered in a finished condition, ready for erection at the Reservoir. All parts being distributed and left as near as practi- cable to the places which they are designed to occupy. The prices must also cover the guarantee that the entire plant, as well as each part thereof, shall work satisfactorily. All injuries or imperfections which may occur, or be discovered during the first six months of continuous use of plant, and which may be attributed to inferior material or workmanship, shall be made good by the contractor at his own cost. 96 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ F.” SPECIFICATION FOR ENGINE HOUSE AND COAL SHED FOR AUXILIARY PUMP AT RESERVOIR. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 1'he engine house and coal shed shall be located on the side of the driveway around the lower basin at the Reservoir, about 20 feet from the center line of the influent pipe branch to the lower basin, on a site specially graded for the same. The work shall include the foundation and valve pit, the walls, roof, floor, doors, windows, drains, and all the materials and labor necessary and sufficient to complete the house and shed in accordance with plans and specifi- cations, ready to receive the machinery and coal supply. FOUNDATION AND VALVE PIT. The excavation for the foundation and valve pit shall be carried down to a solid stratum to such depth as the Engineer may direct. The bottom of the trench and pit shall be properly trimmed and stepped to the proper level. The first course of masonry shall be laid on a good bed of cement mortar. The walls, 18 in. thick, shall be of rubble ma- sonry built of large, selected, flat limestone of the best quality exca- vated out of the basin, free of clay and laid flush in good Louisville cement mortar, composed of one part cement and two parts of clean, sharp sand mixed on a plank bed, and used immediately after mix- ing. The stones shall be thoroughly bedded in mortar, and joints thoroughly filled — there shall be no void spaces in the masonry. All showing parts of the walls shall be smooth and pointed with Portland cement. The bottom of the pit shall be covered with six To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 97 (6) inches of good concrete, made of 4 parts of broken rock, two parts sand and one part Louisville cement, thoroughly mixed on a plank bed, and well rammed in place. This concrete shall be plas- tered with Portland cement mortar so as to cover all projections and leave a smooth surface. The foundation walls for the brick walls shall be capped with a 10 in. course of sandstone, 14 in. wide. The pit walls shall be capped with 3 x 12 in. wooden plates. The space between the masonry and the sides of the excavation shall be filled with clay well rammed in. Where pipes go through the walls, a small arch opening shall be made for the same, and the space between the pipe and opening filled with concrete after the pipe is laid. The pit shall be drained with a 6 inch, vitrified, stoneware pipe laid in cement, and leading to the lower basin. BRICK WALLS. The brick walls shall be 13 in. thick; they shall be built of sound, hard burned, well tempered brick, free from cracks, well shapped, soaked in water before being laid, and laid flus.h in good lime mortar ; all the joints to be well filled and not to exceed ^4 in. thick. The walls shall be well bonded, every seventh course being of headers ; no bats shall be used except for closures. The walls shall be neatly pointed and cleaned inside and out. PLANK WALLS. The front of the coal shed shall be boarded and battened from the roof down, leaving an opening of 6 ft. high from the floor. The boards shall be 8 in. x 1 in., and the battens 3 in. x 1 in. chamfered. All outside wood work shall be dressed. FLOORS. The floors shall be constructed of 2 inch matched, white oak boards 6 in. wide, nailed to 4 in. x 6 in. sills, 3 feet centre to cen- tre, laid flush on a bed of broken stone and sand 10 in. thick. The pit shall be covered with movable boards 3 in, thick. ROOF. The rafters shall rest on 2 in. x 12 in. wall plates, and shall be spiked thereon at both ends. 98 Final Report of the Engineer The sheathing shall be one-inch matched boards, free of holes and loose knots. The roof covering shall consist of 3 plies of best quality of roofing felt, weighing not less than 50 lbs. to the square, each ply to be securely fastened to roof sheathing every 3 ft. with 6 penny nails with tin washers ^ in.' diameter. There shall be a coating of roofing pitch between each ply, evenly spread, using not less than 40 lbs. of pitch to the square. The felt shall be covered with two coats of semi-liquid asphalt evenly spread, using in both coats not less than 60 lbs. of asphalt to the square, and embedding in the last coat, fine crushed granite free from dust and sand, that shall completely cover the roof. The felt shall be closely nailed to the edge of the sheathing all around, and shall be worked over the flange of the drum on the upper side, un- der the same on the lower side and over the tin of gutters, so as to make a water tight finish. DRUM. A flanged drum of No. 12, galvanized iron, 26 in. diameter and 30 in. high, shall be provided and placed as shown on plans, for the passage of the smoke stack through the roof. GUTTERS AND DOWN-SPOUTS. The gutters shall be made with raised strips on sheathings, slanting with proper fall, and lined with best quality of roofing tin soldered and painted on both sides. The down-spouts shall be of No. 22, galvanized iron secured to walls with approved wrought iron fastenings; they shall make water tight connection with gutter, and discharge in a 4 inch vi- trified stoneware pipe laid in cement, and leading to the road ditch. WINDOWS AND DOORS. The windows shall have freestone sills and caps, strong box frames and sashes for 10 in. x 16 in. lights. The sashes shall be well balanced, shall slide easily, and shall be fitted with spring locks and brass hook lifts. The front door shall have sandstone cap and steps. There shall be a transom above the door. The door shall be ife inches thick, and shall be fitted with strong lock. The sliding door between the engine room and coal shed shall To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 99 be of dressed white pine, hung on approved rollers to wrought iron bar well secured to wall. It shall be fitted with approved bolt and handle. PAINT. Doors, windows, cornices, and all outside wood work, shall be painted with three (3) coats of white lead mixed with boiled linseed oil and a pigment of approved color. All inside painting shall be finished with two coats of varnish. Gutters, down spouts, drums, and all metal about the building shall be painted with three (3) coats of best iron clad paint. TIMBERS. All timbers shall be full size, sound, true and straight, of the sound heart wood of living trees ; they shall be free of sap, worm holes, wind shakes, decayed or loose knots and all other defects impairing their strength or durability. The kind of timber for each part of the work shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. GENERAL CONDITIONS. All materials and workmanship must be of the best class and subject to the inspection and acceptance of the Engineer. The contractor shall promptly remove all rejected material from the premises. He shall promptly take down on orders from the Engineer, all defective work and rebuild the same at his own expense. The con- tractor assumes all risks from the weather and casualities of all kinds, and agrees to make good and repair at his own expense all damage or defect arising from imperfect materials or workmanship within twelve months after the acceptance of the building by the Engineer. 100 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “G.” GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR AUXILIARY PUMP FOR THE NEW COVINGTON WA- TER WORKS. PUMP AT THE COVINGTON RESERVOIR. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This plant is to be located at the Covington Reservoir, at a point marked P, on sheet No. i, showing the general plan of the reservoir and location of pipes, hydrants and stand-pipe. It shall consist of a pump and boiler with all necessary appendages and connections intended for two services; namely : i st. The delivery of water in the stand-pipe S, for the supply of the U. S. Barracks. 2nd. The direct supply of flushing hydrants Nos. i to 14, inclusive, designed for cleaning the three basins, A, B and C, by means of water jets. The source of supply shall be from the force main F, F, when the pumping engines are working ; when they are not working the supply shall be from the lower basin, A. The floor of the pump house shall be about six (6) feet above the highest water level and 21 feet above the lowest water level in basin A, and about twenty (20) feet below the force main F, F, and about 170 feet below high water in stand-pipe S. The length of the suction pipe from the pump to the strainer in basin A, shall be about 90 feet. The distance from the pump to the stand-pipe shall be about 1,800 feet. • The water delivered to the stand-pipe shall be measured through a meter, M, on the branch leading to the stand-pipe. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 101 The diameter of the suction pipe and of the several discharge pipes throughout their entire lengths shall be six (6) in. inches. The general arrangement shall be such as shown by diagram on sheet No. 2. There shall be a connection between the boiler and the supply pipe leading to the force main F, F, in order to fill the boiler when cold and empty. The suction and discharge pipes shall be connected as shown, in order to drain the entire system of discharge pipes through the suction pipe ; point L, being the lowest point of said system. CONDITIONS OF WORK AND DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION. When running at a piston speed of not more than 100 feet per minute, with a pressure of steam in the boiler of not more than 75 lbs. per square inch, the pumps shall deliver through a 1 ^ in. noz- zle at the end of a hose two hundred feet (200) long attached to any of the hydrants, not less than three hundred and fifty (350) gallons of water per minute, by actual measurement, under a hydraulic pressure head of about 85 lbs. per square inch. Under these conditions, the boiler shall evaporate not less than nine (9) lbs. of water per pound of ordinary Pittsburgh coal, run of the mine (unscreened). There shall be no foot valve to the suction pipe. The pump shall work with a water piston instead of a plunger. The pump cylinder shall be lined with brass ; the piston rod shall be of brass ; the valve seats shall also be of brass, and shall be easily accessible for cleaning and repair. The air chamber shall be of sufficient capacity to insure a uniform flow of jet. The pump shall be provided with a water pressure gauge, with a boiler feeder, heater, check valve, oil cups, and other accessories. The boiler shall be proved under hydraulic test to one hundred and eighty (180) lbs. per square inch; it must be provided with an iron stack of suitable size, properly secured with guys, and capped ; it shall have a damper and a drip collar over drum through roof of engine house. The boiler shall have a safety valve, gauge cock, a water gauge, a steam pressure gauge, man holes and hand holes sufficient to render all parts of the interior easily accessible for cleaning ; discharge cock, check valve, water-tight ash pan, and all other necessary accessories. 102 Final Report of the Engineer' \ The boiler, pipes, and all unfinished parts of the machinery shall be protected with (3) coats of black Japan varnish. All materials used in the construction of the pump, boiler and appendages, must be of the best quality, and all workmanship must be of the first-class in every particular. PRICE. The price shall include, besides the pump and boilers as de- scribed above, the pipes and valves connecting the boiler with the pump, the four valves and the pipes necessary to connect the pump with the discharge and suction pipes, as shown in diagram on sheet No. 2, all tools necessary to take apart or put together the different parts of the machinery, and all other materials and labor necessary or incidental to the construction, delivery and erection of the plant in good working order, and to the acceptance of the Engineer, for the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. SPECIFICATION AND PROPOSAL FOR PUMPING OUTFIT AT NEW RESERVOIR OF COVING- TON WATER WORKS SUBMITTED BY THE LAID- LAW & DUNN CO. PUMP. The pump will be of our standard “ Duplex” pumps, having 12 in. steam cylinders, 7 in. water cylinders and 10 in. stroke. The pump will be fitted with cast brass removable and interchangeable water cylinders, brass valve seats brass studs and springs, compo- sition valves and bronze piston rods, copper air vessel, steel adjusta- ble valve, motion to take up tear and wear on same. Pump fitted for 6 in. suction pipe and 6 in. discharge pipe, 2j^ in. steam pipe and 3 in. exhaust pipe. boiler. The boiler will be of the well known Tubular type, 41 H. P., 48 in. diameter x 14 ft. long, having 26 tubes 4 in. diameter x 14 ft. long. Shell 3-10 in. thickness. Heads 7-16 in. All made of To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 108 60,000 T. S. steel. Dome 24 in. x 24 in. Two cast lugs on each side of boiler to suspend same. Man hole front and back and boiler tested to 180 lbs. Water pressure and certificate furnished. Boiler set with one full fire front, 15 in. door liners, bearing bars, 4 ft. x 4 in. Tupper grate bars, ash pit doors, flue plate, soot frame and door, smoke plate and damper, six (6) buck bars and bolts ; setting to be brick, with fire brick where it comes in contact with flame, set in best system for economy. CHIMNEY. Chimney will be 22 in. diameter x 50 ft., made of No. 12 iron, painted and thoroughly stayed with guy ropes. BOILER FEEDER. The boiler feeder will be one of our standard “ Duplex” steam pumps, having 3 in. steam cylinders and 2 in. water cylinders x 3 in. stroke, guaranteed to feed boiler, fitted with brass valves and valve seats, and copper air vessel. FOUNDATIONS FOR PUMPS. The foundations for pumps will be built of brick with a free- stone on top of brick work ; large pump having a 6 in. stone of proper size, and the small pump having a 4 in. stone of proper size. PIPE WORK. The pump will be fitted with 2 suctions and 2 discharges, with a 6 in. gate valve on each suction and discharge. We will also make a connection between discharge pipe and suction pipe, with a 6 in. gate valve in the same, to drain both discharges into suction leading to basin A, making in all, five (5) 6 in. gate valves with pipe, ' nipples, elbows and tees necessary to make these various connec- tions. We will also fit piping from boiler to both steam pumps, and fit exhaust pipe from both steam pumps up through the roof of build- ing. Blow-off from boiler to be carried to the outside of building. A separate feed pipe shall be run from suction pipe to feed boiler when cold and empty. Boiler to be fitted with standard steam gauge, and all suitable gauge cocks, water column, safety valve and trimmings. All pipes to be painted as specified. Water gauge to register pressure in pounds and feet, to be attached to pump. We will also furnish and attach to exhaust pipe 104 Final Report oj the Engineer at large pump, a coil heater to pass the feed water through from small boiler feeder to the filter and hence into boiler. Said heater to heat the water to 2 1 2 degrees F. We propose to furnish you a 2 ^ in., automatic pressure, regu- lating valve, fully guaranteed to work satisfactorily, put on for the sum of fifty-one dollars ($51.00) net. We further propose to furnish a National Filter, 16 in. diameter x 4 ft. 6 in., guaranteed of sufficient capacity to filter all the feed water between the heater and the boiler for one hundred dollars ($100.00) net, set up and connected. The whole plant to be erected in running order and made satisfactory to all concerned. Yours respectfully, THE LAIDLAW & DUNN CO. Robt. Laidlaw, Pres. Prices accepted as follows with Duplex pump 10 in. x 12 in. steam cylinders, $1, 685 . 00 Automatic pressure regulating valve, — 51.00 One national filter 16 in. x 4 ft. 6 in 100-00 Total, $i, 836 .oo To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 105 EXHIBIT “ H.” SPECIFICATIONS FOR WEIR FOR COVINGTON RESERVOIR. DESCRIPTION. The Weir shall consist of a rectangular iron trough, 25 ft. long, 8 ft. in. wide and 4 ft. 6^ in. deep, inside measurement, resting on a timber frame work prepared for the purpose, as shown on plans. The trough shall be built of in. plates, riveted with but joints and outside batten plates, stiffened and tied with 2 x 2 in. x 3.2 lbs. angles, as shown. The open end of the trough next to the influent well shall be lined with a rim angle, 2x2^ in. x 3.5 lbs., forged to fit the inside section of the trough ; this angle shall be bolted to an iron rim on a timber bulkhead, made of three (3) iron plates, one hori- zontal, 7x5^ in. x 9 ft. 3^ in., and two (2) vertical, 7x1^ in. x 4 ft. i *4 in., screwed on the inside face of the bulkhead: there shall be 101 half inch bolts, and a suitable gasket shall be used to form a water-tight joint. There shall be three (3) guide frames, 1 ft. 10^ in. apart, next to the open end of the trough, built of 2 x 2 in. x 3.2 lbs., and 2x2^ in. x 2.7 lbs., angles, and properly braced and tied to- gether, as shown on plans, for the support of moveable screen partitions. Each partition to consist of four (4) plates, 2 ft. ^ in. X4 ft. in. ; one set of these plates shall be plain, the plates of the other two sets shall be perforated, as shown. Each plate shall have riveted handles, as shown, and holding-up pins inch in diameter, chained to each guide, shall serve to fasten the plate at any desired elevation through holes in the guide angles and the sides of the plate. 106 Final Report of the Engineer There shall be two (2) observation boxes, built of T 3 ^ in. bent • plates resting on a 2 x 2 in. angle footing, at distance of 3 ft. 6 in. and 9 ft. 6 in. respectively from the weir end to centers of boxes. The boxes shall be connected with the inside of trough by perfora- ted pipes, diameter, as shown. The weir end of the trough shall be closed with a y in. plate, stiffened with 2 x 2 in. X3.2 lbs. angles, as shown, and notched with a rectangular opening on top, 5 ft. 8 in. x 2 ft. 4 in. ; this opening shall be rimmed with three (3) plates, one horizontal, 4 in. x y in. x 6 ft., and two (2) vertical, 4 in. x ^ in. x 2 ft., riveted on the outside with fillers 2 x y in., so as to form an inside shoul- der on bottom and sides of opening, y 2 in. deep, upon which the brass plates of the weir shall fit. These plates shall be of hard brass, 4x T 7 F in. x 5 ft. 8 in. for the bottom plate or sill, and 4 x j_ 7 ff in. x 1 ft 1 1 in. for the side plates ; they shall be chamfered on the edges next to the weir open- ing; the chamfered edges shall be sharp cornered, mitre jointed and dressed perfectly true. The brass plates shall be bolted to the rim plates with fifty-six (56) half inch bolts, using a suitable gasket to make a water tight joint. The bolt heads shall be counter-sunk in the brass plates so as to leave no projections inside the weir. BOLTS. All bolts must have well formed threads, heads and nuts, ar.d must completely fill the nuts; gum washers shall be used under the heads and nuts, if necessary to make water-tight joints ; bolt holes must be drilled. riveting. All rivets shall be y in. diameter ; the pitch on joints designed to hold water shall not exceed two inches. Rivet holes shall be accurately punched and fit exactly oppo- site to each other without drifting. Rivets must completely fill their holes, and must have well shaped heads. caulking. All joints designed to hold water shall be thoroughly caulked and made water-tight. The end joints between rim plates on bulkhead and between the rim plates of the weir opening and between the brass plates of To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 107 the weir shall, if necessary, be neatly filled with sodder to make them water-tight and smooth. DRAIN-COCK. A brass drain-cock, one inch in diameter, shall be fitted to the bottom of trough near the weir end to drain the trough. PAINTING. The entire iron work shall be protected with two (2) good coats of approved black varnish. ERECTION. The weir trough shall be erected on the timber frame work prepared for it, and shall be bolted to the bulkhead ; it must be built square, straight and level. In particular, the sill of the weir must be exactly level and the sides exactly plumb. QUALITY OF IRON. The iron must be tough, ductile, of fibrous fracture and uniform in quality. It shall stand, without breaking, 46,000 lbs. tensile stress per square inch in specimens 1 inch, with eight (8) per cent, elongation in 12 inches; it shall bend cold 90 degrees without sign of fracture around a circle of inch radius. The rivets and bolts shall bend cold flat on themselves without sign of fracture. All the iron shall be well shaped, smooth, free from injurious seams or flaws, blisters, buckles and imperfect edges. PRICE. The price bid must include the construction and erection at the influent well of the north basin of the Covington reservoir of the entire structure, (excluding timbers, but including the iron rim on bulkhead) ready for use. INSPECTION AND SUPERINTENDING. All material and workmanship shall be subject to the inspec- tion of the Chief Engineer for the Trustees, or his authorized as- sistant; all material condemned by him shall be replaced and defective workwanship corrected ; the work must be done to his satisfaction and acceptance. 108 Final Report of the Engineer FORM OF PROPOSAL. Having examined the plans and specifications for the Iron Weir for the Covington Reservoir, the undersigned hereby propose to the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir to construct and erect said Weir in accordance with said plans and specifications, for the sum of Seven Hundred and Thirteen Dollars, ($713.00) and to have the structure completed and ready for use on or before the Eighteenth day of October, 1890. (Signed). THE WALTON ARCHITECTURAL IRON CO. Per J. F. Walton, Pres. The foregoing is accepted as and for the contract for the per- formance of said work, September 12th, 1890. TRUSTEES OF COVINGTON RESERVOIR. By A. Shinkle, Pres. Attest : James Spillman, Sec’y. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir 109 EXHIBIT “I." ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT Entered into this Tenth day of July, Eighteen Hundred and Ninety, between R. B. Turner, ist Lieut. 6th Infantry A. A., Quarter- master United States Army, of the first part, and The Trustees of the Covington Reservoir for and on behalf of the City of Covington, Kentucky, of the County of Kenton, State of Ken tucky, of the second part This Agreement Witnesseth, that the said R. B. Turner, ist Lieut. 6th Infantry A. A. Q. M. U. S. A., for and in behalf of the United States of America, and the said Trustees of Covington Res- ervoir for and on behalf of the said City of Covington and its le- gally ordained Successor or Successors, have mutually agreed, and by these presents do mutually covenant and agree, to and with each other, as follows, viz : Article I. That the said United States Government, for supplying Water to the New Military Post and Barracks now being established and erected by the Government in the Highlands, New- port, Campbell County, Kentucky, from the Reservoir now being constructed by said Trustees : Agrees to construct a Stand-pipe about twelve feet in diameter and one hundred feet high, on the Government ground near the influent tunnel under the Highland pike, furnish and lay all the necessary pipe in the Goverment grounds and buildings, and a six inch Supply Pipe from the Stand-pipe to the center of said Highland pike, in the direction of said Reservoir. The said City will furnish a necessary pumping plant for re pump- ing water from the Reservoir to the Stand-pipe, furnish and lay a six inch pipe from said pumping plant to the connection with the Government supply pipe, to be laid as aforesaid, and will furnish all the water required for said Military Post, at the following rates per thousand gallons : To-wit, 110 Final Report of the Engineer For a daily consumption of IO 000 to *5 000 galls., _ . — _ 20c. < < 4 t 4 4 « i 15 000 “ 20 000 “ — -19c. a 4 4 44 i ( 20 000 “ 25 000 “ _ __ __ _i8c. i « i 4 44 < i 25 000 “ 3 ° 000 “ 17c. < < 4 4 44 t ( 3 ° 000 “ 35 000 “ _i 6c. < < 4 4 4 4 < < 35 000 “ 40 000 & above, _ 1 1 1 1— 1 <_n O The quantity of water supplied to the Government to be de- termined by Meter Measurement on the Supply Pipe from the pumps to the Stand pipe, the Meter to be furnished and put in place by the said City on its own ground. Art. II. That deliveries on this contract shall, if required, commence on the first day of August, Eighteen Hundred', and Ninety, provided that the agreement is approved by the Quarter- master General, U. S. Army ; otherwise, not until such approval is obtained. Art. III. That for and in consideration of the faithful per- formance of the stipulations of this agreement, the party of the second part shall be paid at the office of the Post Quartermaster, at the said new Post near Newport, Ky., as follows: Quarterly at the end of each quarter beginning at the first delivery of water, upon the presentation to said Quartermaster, at his Office, by the Secretary of the Water Works Commissioners of said City, of an account of water delivered, verified by the Meter register. Art. IV. That in case of failure of the said party of the second part to comply with the stipulations of this contract accord- ing to the true intent and meaning thereof, except in case of una- voidable accidents to its pumping plant or force main for supplying its said Reservoir, or to the pumping plant or supply pipe for de- livering water into said stand pipe, the party of the second part shall be liable to pay such damages as the said United States Gov- ernment may sustain thereby, to be recovered by appropriate action, unless otherwise adjusted. Art. V. Neither this contract nor any interest therein shall be transfered by the said party of the second part, (except to its legally constituted Successors) to any other party or parties, and any such transfer shall cause the annulment of the contract so far as the United States is concerned; all rights of action, however, for any breach of this contract by the said party of the second part, are reserved to the United States. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir , :. Ill Art, VI. No member or delegate to Congress, nor any per- son belonging to or employed in the Military service of the United States, is or shall be admitted to any share or part of this contract, or to any benefit which may arise herefrom. Art. VII. This contract shall be subject to approval of The Quartermaster General, U. S. Army. In Witness Whereof, the undersigned have hereunto placed their hands and seals the date first hereinbefore written. Witnesses : R. B. TURNER, ist Lieut. 6th Infantry A. A. (Seal.) Quartermaster, U. S. A. Trustees of Covington Reservoir, by A. SHINKLE, President. (Seal.) JAMES SPILMAN, (Seal.) Secretary Board of Trustees. H. P. YOUNG, J. O’HARA, Approved : 189-- 112 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ K.” COVINGTON NEW WATERWORKS. SPECIFICATIONS FOR ENGINE HOUSE AND AQUEDUCT. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND EXTENT OF CONTRACT. The engine house shall be located on the south bank of the Ohio River, on the land purchased by the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir from C. and J. Wilmer, at the end of the pipe line, leading from the reservoir site on the Moreland place in Campbell County, Ky., to the Ohio River. The contract shall embrace the construction of the house proper, designed to contain the pumping engines and boilers, of the em- bankment approach to the same, of a smoke stack for the boilers, of a well for the pumps, and of an aqueduct leading from the pump well to deep water in the Ohio River. Said house, embankment, smoke stack, well and aqueduct, to be completed in every particu- lar in accordance with plans and specifications and the direction of the Engineer and to his satisfaction, and to be delivered to the Trustees, ready for the erection and operation of the pumping machinery. GRADING. CLEARING. All trees, bushes, driftwood, and other rubbish, as well as all muck, or other materials deemed objectionable by the Engineer, shall be removed from the entire surface covered by the fill. The embankment shall be made in horizontal layers one foot thick, enough earth being used with the rock to fill completely all void spaces. No perishable material of any kind or frozen earth shall be allowed in the embankment. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 113 EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION. The excavation for the foundation of the house, smoke stack, well and aqueduct, shall be carried down into the solid strata of soap- stone and limestone to such depths as the Engineer may direct, and the bottom of the trenches or pits shall be properly trimmed and stepped, or shall be leveled with concrete, as may be directed by the Engineer, to receive the first course of masonry. EMBANKMENT APPROACH. The space between the engine house and the track of the Eliza- bethtown and Big Sandy Railroad shall be filled to the level of the railroad grade with the material excavated for the foundation, well and aqueduct ; if these excavations are not sufficient to make the fill, the deficiency shall be supplied with material borrowed from the Trustees’ grounds below the engine house. ENGINE HOUSE. FOUNDATION WALLS. The foundation walls shall be of the sizes and shapes shown on the drawings, or otherwise determined by the Engineer ; they shall be built of even coursed stone masonry laid flush in hydraulic cement mortar, the face stones shall be rock faced with hammer- dressed beds and joints ; they shall not be less than six inches thick, and shall measure not less than four square feet on their beds. The joints shall be square with the face and beds and shall extend not less than eight inches from the face. They shall break joints not less than eight inches, the masonry shall be thoroughly bonded, not less than one-third of the face stones being headers. All joints and beds must be thoroughly filled with mortar, there shall be no void spaces in the masonry. No spalls shall be allowed in the joints and beds, and the same must not exceed ^4 inches in thickness. The stones for the capping course shall be twelve inches thick, and shall be of the entire width of course. They shall have ham- mer-dressed joints throughout. The space between the masonry and the sides of the excavation for foundations shall be filled with the material excavated, well rammed in, or with concrete, where the same is required by the Engineer. 114 Final Report of the Engineer The foundation walls shall have openings left through them at such places and of such sizes as the Engineer shall direct, to allow for the ingress and egress of the river water at high stages. All face work shall be neatly pointed with rich cement mortar. BRICK WALLS. The outside walls shall be 17 inches thick in the body, with in- side and outside pilasters spaced, as shown on plans. The partition wall between the engine and the boiler rooms shall be 13 inches thick. All walls shall be built with sound, hard burnt brick, soaked in water immediately before being used, and laid flush in good lime mortar. All the joints to be full of mortar and not to exceed y £ inch in thickness. The walls shall be thoroughly bonded, every seventh course being of headers. No bat, except for closures, or salmon brick, shall be allowed in any part of the walls. Every course shall be level throughout. All the walls shall be carried up together on the same level, and shall be straight and plumb. All centers needed shall be made and the arches turned perfectly true. All flues shall be neatly and smoothly pargeted with good mortar and thoroughly cleaned. Windows and door sills and coin blocks for the door hinges, of the best quality of limestone or freestone and of the sizes and shapes shown on the drawings, shall be provided and properly set in place by the con- tractor. All brick walls shall be neatly pointed inside and out. FLOOR. The floor shall be constructed of 9 inch I beams, spaced 3 feet from centers and supported at intervals by plate girders or stone walls, as the Engineer may deem best. The spaces between the I beams shall be filled with brick arches, built as shown on drawings, with hard paving bricks laid flush and close in good lime mortar, centers to be carefully made and set. The I beams shall be thoroughly tied together and to the side walls with iron rods one inch in diameter, six feet from centers, imbedded in the brick arch- ing and anchored to the side walls with approved wrought iron washers. On each brick arch, parallel with the I beam, lay two strips of yellow pine, 4 inches wide, fitting the extrados of arch and To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 115 high enough to reach level of top of I beams ; then fill and back up arch with concrete well rammed in. In engine room lay i x / 2 inch matched flooring of yellow pine, not more than 4 inches wide, breaking joints, and blind-nailed to the under strip, swith smooth finish. In boiler room lay paving bricks in good hydraulic cement mortar with close joints and smooth finish. (*) ROOF. The roof shall be framed as shown in drawings, each truss to have 1^2 inch camber and to rest on wall plates, 14 feet x 18 feet x 30 feet, of white oak. Purlins to be lap-jointed over trusses and held by shoulder blocks well secured to the same with lag-screws of approved length. Rafters shall be spiked to each purlin. Sheathing shall be of sound matched boards, one inch thick, surfaced, free of loose knots and holes and blind-nailed to every rafter. Make gutters perfect with proper falls. The roofing shall be of the best quality of Vermont or Virginia slate, 10x20 inches, ^ inch thick, carefully gauged and machine punched, each slate nailed with two composition nails, heads countersunk in slate and slate to lay 8 inches to the weather. ( 1 2 ) The crest and hips of roof shall be neatly finished with No. 20 galvanized iron of best quality, painted on un- der side with two coats of best ironclad paint, and well secured to the sheathing. Flashings of the best leaded roofing tin X. I. M. F. brand, secured in the most approved manner, shall make a perfect and water-tight protection. GUTTERS AND DOWN SPOUTS. The gutter shall be lined with the same quality of tin as above. The tin shall reach beyond the first lap of slate, and shall run over and turn down over edge of gutter. All tin must be soldered on both sides and painted on the under side with two coats of best iron-clad paint. The down spouts shall be of No. 22 galvanized iron of best quality, and shall make a perfect and water-tight connection with 1 Changed to concrete, with cement covering. 2 Iron roofing was substituted for slate. 116 Final Report of the Engineer gutters. They shall be well secured to the walls with approved wrought iron fastenings. The down spout in front of the building shall discharge into a six inch vitrified stoneware pipe, laid in cement, 2 feet below the top surface of fill and leading the drain water to the foot of the down stream slope of fill. WINDOWS. All windows shall be box-framed ; the frame shall be 2^ inches and the sash 2 inches thick ; use best axle pullies and chords, and approved weights for all sashes. All sashes to be framed, finished and hung in the best manner. The lower half of sash must be well balanced, made to slide easily and fitted with approved spring lock and strong brass hook lifts. All glazing must be done in the best manner, bedded, sprigged and back puttied. All window sashes and transoms shall be glazed with the best Pittsburg glass, free from color, bubbles, waves and other defects. DOORS. The doors and transoms shall be made in accordance with detail drawings, and provided with required fastenings. Frames to be of clear white pine, ceiled with the best seasoned common ceiling. Provide wicket door with good lock. All doors shall fit well and work easily. The hinges of the large doors shall be set in lead in the coin blocks. FRAMING. All framing must be done to a close fit and in a thorough and workmanlike manner. No open joints or filling shims will be allowed. PAINT. Doors, windows, cornices, and all outside wood-work shall be painted with three coats of best white lead mixed with boiled lin- seed oil and approved colored pigment. All inside painting shall be finished with two coats of best varnish. Flashing, gutters, crest- ings, down spouts, and all metal work about the building shall be painted with three coats of the best ironclad paint mixed in boiled linseed oil. SMOKE STACK. The smoke stack shall be built in accordance with plans furnished. The foundation below the floor level of the building To the Trustees of the Covington Reservir. 117 shall be of stone masonry and concrete of the same character as specified for the foundation walls of the house, capped with a belt- ing course, as shown. Above the floor level the stack shall be built of hard-burned brick, laid in good lime mortar, the same as speci- fied for the brick walls of the house, — the thickness of wall shall decrease from bottom to top of shaft, by steps, as shown. The shaft shall be built plum, with uniform batter and true circular sec- tions, as shown. It shall connect through an arch way, as shown, with the interior of the boiler room, to receive the end of the smoke box. A wrought iron door, as per detail drawing, shall give access to the ash pit for the purpose of cleaning the same. The stack shall be capped with an approved cast iron top, and shall be provided with an outside iron ladder, as shown. ( 3 ) It shall be cleaned, when finished, and thoroughly pointed inside and out. WELL. The excavation for the well shall be of the size laid out by the Engineer ; it shall be carried down vertically, and to the depth re- quired : — it is intended that the bottom of well, when finished, shall be 9 feet below extreme low-water mark in the river. The walls shall be of the thickness and shape required for the support of the engines and pumps. The character of the masonry shall be the $ me generally, as specified for the foundation walls of the house, but the capping courses for the seats of the engines and pumps shall be 2 feet thick, and the stones for the same of such lengths and widths as may be required. All anchor rods for the engines and pumps shall be furnished by the engine builder, but shall be put in the masonry by the contractor according to template and directions of the Engineer. The space between the sides of the rock excavation and the back side of walls shall be made as small as practicable and thoroughly packed with concrete. The bottom of the well shall be concreted and finished with a coating of rich Portland cement mor- tar of sufficient thickness to cover all the stones and make a smooth finish. The down stream wall of well shall have a 6 inch cast iron pipe built through it, extending to the outside of the house, and pro- The ladder was built inside the stack. 118 Final Report of the Engineer vided with a stop valve, to serve as a discharge when the well is be- ing pumped out. Wooden stairways with hand rails, leading from the engine room floor to the bottom of well, shall be built as directed, and strongly secured to the well walls. ( 4 ) AQUEDUCT. The aqueduct, connecting the pump well with the river, shall have a circular section 4 feet in diameter in the clear, the bottom of the aqueduct, where it enters the well shall be 3 feet above the bot- tom of well, and is intended to be 6 feet below extreme low water mark in the river. The aqueduct shall be straight, and shall have a uniform descending grade from the well towards the river, of 6 inches in 100 feet; it shall be built in tunnel for a distance of about 120 feet, and in open cut, protected by a cofferdam, for the re- mainder of its length. The circular arch of the aqueduct shall be made of two con- centric rings of hard paving brick, laid flush in hydraulic cement mortar, each line of brick breaking joints with the line adjoining it. All joints shall be close, not exceeding ]/ 2 inch in thickness, and thorougnly filled with mortar, the arch shall be a true circle, straight, and finished with a smooth inside coating of rich Portland cement mortar yf, inches thick, applied after a thorough cleaning of the intrados. The arch shall be finished at both ends with ring stones of approved sizes, hammer dressed on all faces and joints, and well bonded with the brick arch. The tunnel part of the aqueduct shall be excavated as closely as practicable to the extrados of the brick arch, and the space be- tween the rock and the masonry shall be thoroughly filled with con Crete or cement mortar. The exact point where “ aqueduct in tun- nel” shall end, and “aqudeduct in open cut” shall begin, shall be determined by the Engineer. The part of the aqueduct built in open cut, into the river, shall be protected with side walls and a capping course of ashlars in cement, as shown in drawings. The stones in the side walls shall not be less than 12 inches thick, and average not less than 30 inches in width. They shall have hammer-dressed beds and joints — the joints extending not less 4 The stairways were built of iron. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 119 than 12 inches from the face; they shall break joints not less than 12 inches. The capping course shall be 24 inches thick, the stones shall have hammer dressed beds and joints throughout, and shall be thoroughly clamped together with approved iron clamps countersunk in stones and set in lead. The end face wall shall be shaped as shown in drawings; the face of capping and footing courses and the vertical grooves in the side walls shall be dressed with the bush hammer. The space between the brick arch and the side walls and cap- ping course shall be filled with concrete, well rammed in. All spaces between the rock excavation and the masonry shall also be filled with concrete. IRON GRATING AND SLUICE GATE. An iron screen, built in accordance with detail drawings, shall be provided and put in place by the contractor at the river end of the aqueduct. The well end of the aqueduct shall be provided with a sluice- gate, to be worked from the engine floor. This gate and its ap- pendages shall be furnished by the Trustees, but shall be properly set in position, ready for operation by the contractor. The coffer- dam and all temporary work used for the construction of “ aque- duct in open cut ” shall be removed by the contractors at such time as the Engineer shall direct. MATERIALS. STONE. The stone shall be compact limestone or hard sandstone of the best quality, and approved by the Engineer. BRICK. The brick shall be hard burnt, well tempered, of good form, free of lime and cracks, and acceptable to the Engineer ; they shall be soaked in water immediately before using. CEMENT. The cement shall be equal to the best quality of Louisville hy- draulic cement, and shall stand without breaking a tensile stress of 100 pounds per square inch in briquettes, seven days old. It shall not swell nor crack in the process of hardening. 120 Final Report of the Engineer The Portland cement shall stand without breaking a tensile stress of 300 pounds per square inch in briquettes, seven days old. All cement shall be properly cooled and air- slacked before used. LIME. The lime shall be of the best quality of fresh fat lime ; it shall be free of silica, magnesia and allumina, in sufficient quantity to in- jure its qualities as a fat lime ; it shall slack freely in water; it shall be allowed to stand at least two days in a slacked form, and shall be screened before used. SAND. The sand shall be clean, sharp river sand, of the degree of coarseness suitable to each kind of work. MORTAR. Cement and lime mortar shall generally be composed of one measure of cement or lime and two measures of sand, well mixed with clean water in clean mortar boxes. The cement mortar shall be used immediately after mixing. Different proportions of sand and cement, or lime, shall be used when required by the Engineer. CONCRETE. Concrete shall be composed, by actual measurement, of four measures of broken stone, of uniform size, measuring not more than two inches in any direction, free of clay, and well screened — two measures of sand and one measure of cement, all well mixed in a concrete mixer or on a clean plank bed, and well rammed in place in layers as directed by the Engineer. TIMBER. All timber must be of the best quality of the kind specified, sawed true and out of wind, full size, free of wind shakes, large or loose knots, worm holes, sap, or any defect impairing its strength or durability. IRON. All wrought iron shall be tough, ductile, uniform in quality, and shall have a tensile strength of not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch with elongation of 15 per cent, for rods and rolled To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 121 shapes, and a tensile strength of not less than 48,000 pounds per square inch, with elongation of 10 per cent, for plates over 24 inches wide. Cast iron shall be of the best quality of tough, gray metal ; it shall have a tensile strength of not less than 20,000 pounds per square inch. Castings shall be smooth, well shaped, free from air holes, cracks, cinders, and other imperfections. GENERAL CONDITIONS. PROGRESS OF WORK. . All work shall be proceeded with in such order as the Engineer shall direct. The rate of progress at all times must be such as to insure its completion within the limit of time specified. Should the same appear insufficient in the opinion of the Engineer, he shall have the right to order such increase in the working force as he may think necessary. SUBLETTING AND TRANSFERS. The contractor shall not sublet, assign or transfer this contract or any part thereof to any person or persons without the consent of the Trustees. COMPETENT WORKMEN. He shall give his personal supervision to the work and shall employ competent workmen and experienced mechanics skilled in the several works assigned to them. He shall immediately dis- charge on request of the Engineer any of his employes considered by said Engineer as incompetent or disorderly, and shall not again employ him upon the works. ORDERS CONCERNING THE WORK. In the absence of the contractor from the work, the Engineer shall give his orders respecting the work to whomsoever may be in charge of, or executing the same, and said orders shall be respected and obeyed. CHANGES. The Trustees shall have the right to make, without violating this contract, any changes in location, form, dimensions and quan- tities of the work as the interest of the city of Covington may in their judgment require, and the Engineer shall estimate and de- termine the amounts which should fairly and equitably, on account of such changes, be deducted from or added to the amounts which 122 Final Report of the Engineer would otherwise be due to the contractor, had such changes never been made, and the amounts so determined by the Engineer shall be accepted by the contractor without any claim for anticipated profits on the work that may be dispensed with. EXTRA WORK. The value of any extra work shall be likewise estimated and de- termined by the Engineer. No claim for extra work shall be made or allowed unless the work shall have been done in compliance with a written order from the Trustees or the Engineer. All claims for extra work shall be made in writing before the payment of the succeeding estimate after the work is performed. Failing to make such claim, the same shall be considered as aban- doned by the contractor. REJECTED MATERIAL. The contractor shall promptly remove all rejected material to such distance as may in the judgment of the Engineer be sufficient to prevent it being used in the work. DEFECTIVE WORK. All defective work shall be promptly taken down by the con- tractor on orders from the Engineer to that effect, and rebuilt pro- perly at his own expense. SUSPENSION OF WORK. The contractor shall, without any claim for damage or extra compensation, suspend the work when he shall be ordered to do so by the Engineer, by reason of inclement weather or for other causes. EXTENSION OF CONTRACT TIME. But if the work be delayed by any act of the Trustees contra- ry to the true intent and meaning of this contract, he shall be en- titled to a reasonable extension of time for the completion of his work, and the Engineer shall estimate and determine the length of such extension, but the contractor shall have no claim for damages on account of such delays. MASONRY IN FREEZING WEATHER. No masonry shall be laid in freezing weather. LIABILITIES AND RISKS. The contractor assumes all risks, arising from the weather, floods, and casualties of all kinds. He shall pay all damages to To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 123 persons and properdes and repair at his own cost all damages that may occur to the work until it is completed entirely and accepted by the Engineer. He shall further mantain at his own cost all parts of the work in a good perfect condition for a period of six months after its ac- ceptance by the Engineer. ERECTION OF ENGINES AND BOILERS. The Trustees shall have the right to commence and proceed with the erection of the pumping engines and boilers from 1888, regardless of the unfinished condition of the work at that date, and the contractor shall have no claim for damages on that account. SPECIFICATIONS DEFINED. The meaning and intent of these specifications and contract shall be defined by the Engineer and his decision thereon shall be final and binding upon both parties thereto. ENGINEER DEFINED Wherever the word “Engineer’’ is mentioned in this contract it shall be taken to mean the Chief Engineer for the Trustees. CONVICT LABOR. No convict labor shall be employed on the work. PRICES AND MEASUREMENTS. Bidders must put in a price for every item of work named in the form of proposals furnished to them. There shall be no classification of material in the embankment. The price to be paid shall include clearing, trimming, hauling and all other items of expenses connected with the construction of the embankment. All classes of masonry, except the brick work in the house and stack above foundation walls, shall be paid for by the cubic yard, measuring the actual quantity of each class of work. The prices to be paid shall include all excavation, bailing, pump- ing, centering, shoring, scaffolding, stairways, cofferdams and all other items of expense necessary or incidental to the work. 124 Final Report of the Engineer The measurement of “ aqueduct in tunnel ” for pa) ment shall be the actual length of tunnel from the inside face of masonry in the well to the face of excavation for “ aqueduct in open cut.” The price to be paid shall include all excavation in tunnel, con- crete packing, Portland cement coating, temporary supports, cen- tering, bailing, pumping and all other items of expense necessary or incidental to the work. The price to be paid for the smoke stack above the foundation, walls shall be for the stack complete, including the ash pit door, cap and iron ladder and all other items of expense necessary or inci- dental to the work. The prices to be paid for the house above foundation walls shall be for the house complete, including all stone, brick, wood andiron work, as well as doors, windows, roofing, guttering, glazing, painting and other work necessary or incidental to the construction of the house in a complete state and ready for use. The prices to be paid for timber, iron and masonry in the floor of the building and for iron in the screen and clamps for the aque- duct shall be for the actual quantity of these several materials used and left in a finished state in the completed structures, including scaffolding, centering, painting, countersinking, lead setting and all other items of expense necessary or incidental to the work. The price to be paid for the setting of the sluice gate at the well end of the aqueduct shall be for the setting of the gate and all its appendages in a complete and good working condition, including all items of expense necessary or incidental thereto. The prices to be paid for stoneware drain pipe shall be for the actual measured length of pipe laid and shall include excavation, laying with cement, back-filling and all other items of expense necessary or incidental to the work. FORM OF PROPOSAL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINE HOUSE AND AQUEDUCT. The Undersigned Hereby Certif that • personally and carefully examined the grounds and site for the pro- posed engine house and aqueduct for the city of Covington, Ky., on the Ohio river, in Campbell Co., Ky., also that carefully examined the plans and sections for the same, and care- fully read the annexed specifications and form of contract. Having To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir . 125 made such examinations, the undersigned hereby proposes to the Trustees of the Covington reservoir to construct and complete said engine house and aqueduct, as the also embankment approach, and a smoke stack for the same, and to do all work specified according to the conditions and specifications aforesaid, and on the acceptance of this proposal hereby bind to enter into and execute the contract for the work at the following prices. These prices are to be in full compensation for performing the said work and for guaranteeing their permanency and durability as provided in the contract and specifications. PRICES. (i.) Embankment in approach, per cubic yard - - $ (2.) Stone masonry in well and foundation walls of building and stack, per cubic yard, - (3.) Concrete in well and foundation walls .of building and stack, per cubic yard, (4.) Aqueduct in tunnel, per lineal foot - f (5.) Stone masonry per cubic yard, - J (6.) Brick arch, “ “ “ - | (7.) Concrete, “ “ “ - ^ (8.) Iron in screens and clamps, per lb (9 ) Smoke-stack above foundation walls, complete, - (10.) Iron in Plate girders, I beams, rods etc., per lb., - I ( 1 1 .) Brick arches, per cubic yard, J (12.) Concrete filling, “ “ “ - [ (13.) Timber, per 1000. ft b.m. (14.) House above foundation walls, com- plete, ------ (15.) Setting of sluice gate and appendages at well end of aqueduct, (16.) Six inch vertified stoneware pipe, laid complete, per lineal ft. Aqueduct in open cut. Floor. Signature : Address : . 126 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ L.” GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PUMPING ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR THE NEW COVINGTON WATER WORKS. GENERAL DATA. The pump house will be located on the South bank of the Ohio River and the water forced over the top of the Highland ridge, is to be delivered into reservoirs built on the South slope of the ridge. Elevation of Engine and boiler floor of engine house above low water ft- Horizontal distance of engine house to apex of force pipe 3141 1 ft. Horizontal distance from apex of force pipe to outlet of reservoir 670 ft. Vertical lift from low water to apex of force pipe 37 ^tc ft- Vertical fall from apex of force pipe to highest water level in reservoir 12^ ft. Diameter of force pipe from engine house to apex of pipe 30 inches Diameter of delivery pipe from apex of pipe to outlet in reservoir 30 inches GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTER OF PLANS REQUIRED. The plant shall consist generally of two pumping engines of the capacity of five million U. S. standard gallons per 24 hours each, and of the necessary boilers to operate both together at a normal working pressure of 100 lbs. of steam in the boilers. The arrangement of the machinery shall be such as to allow the engines to be worked singly or jointly. The character of the plant shall be first-class in every particular, both as to workmanship and as to the kind and quality of material used. Special regard shall be had in providing all possible facilities for the convenient inspection and repair of all parts subject to wear. The engines and pumps shall be duplicates of each other, all parts being made interchangeable as far as practicable. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 127 All other things being equal preference will be given to sim- plicity of design. CAPACITY AND DUTY. Each pumping engine working either singly or jointly with the normal pressure of ioo lbs. of steam in the boilers shall deliver water in the reservoir at the rate of 5,000,000 U. S. standard gal- lons in 24 hours with a consumption of coal not exceeding 18,000 lbs. in 24 hours when the level of water in the river is 385 feet be- low the center of force pipe at the apex on the hill. The consump- tion shall be proportionally less as the water in the river rises above the datum referred to. FACTOR OF SAFETY. The machinery shall be strongly and substantially built. All parts subject to strain from the water pressure shall be proportioned with a factor of safety not less than 10 and all provisions shall be made that is possible to reduce vibration in all the working parts. The boilers shall be tested with a hydraulic pressure of not less than 300 lbs. per square inch. PRICE. The price bid must include all the necessary pipes, valves and connections inside of the pump house as well as feed pumps, air pumps, revolution counters, steam pressure and vacuum gauges, lu- bricators, cranes, wrenches and other tools necessary for the hand- ling of parts in repairing, and all other expenses necessary or inci- dental to the construction, erection and maintainance of the plant in complete working order until its acceptance by the engineer for the Trustees, after its final test, as hereinafter described, have proved satisfactory. PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. Contractors must submit with their proposal general plans of the machinery and boilers, drawn to the scale of one-half inch to the foot with a complete description specific as to the kind of mate- rial used and the size of all working parts, and all detail drawings necessary for a clear understanding of the strength and operation of the machinery. The plans and specifications, after they have been approved by the engineer for the Trustees, shall be incorporated to and become 128 Final Report of the Engineer a part of the contract and no change or modification shall be made thereto without the formal consent of the Trustees and approval of the engineer. inspection. The entire work of construction and erection shall be subject to the inspection of the engineer for the Trustees, or a special in- spector appointed by him and shall be done to his satisfaction. All necessary facilities for the inspection of the work and for the tests of the materials to be used shall be furnished by the contractor free of charge. TESTS. After a period of ninety days operation the final tests for duty shall be made in the following manner : ist. Both pumping engines shall be worked simultaneously in normal condition with a steam pressure of ioo lbs. to the square inch in the boiler, and a rate of delivery into the reservoir not less than ten million gallons in 24 hours for a period of not less than 48 hours. The coal consumed shall be carefully weighed. The quantity of water shall be carefully measured over a weir at the reservoir and an accurate record shall be kept of the elevation of the water in the river during the test. 2nd. A similar test shall be made with each engine working singly in normal condition with 100 lbs. steam pressure in the boilers. The coal used shall be the run of the mine, ordinary quality Pittsburgh coal. PAYMENT. During the progress of the work (on the contractors executing bond to the Trustees, with two good sureties, to their satisfaction, in the sum equal to twenty per cent, of the value of the work to be done) quarterly payments shall be made on the engineer’s estimate of the relative value of the work done, retaining 15 per cent. The remaining 15 per cent, shall be due at the expiration of three months after the final test on presentation by the contractors of the final certificate of the engineer for the Trustees to the effect that the plant has worked in a satisfactory manner during that time. All costs of repairs to the plant due to defective construction, accidents, ordinary wear and tear and other causes which shall have been incurred to date of final payment, shall be charged to the con- To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 129 tractors and deducted from the amount which would otherwise have been due to him on that day. DATE OF COMPLETION. The entire plant must be completed and ready for service by August ist, 1888. Covington, Ky. SPECIFICATIONS — FOR A — GASKILL VERTICAL COMPOUND PUMPING ENGINE, FOR THE COVINGTON, KY., WATER WORKS, — BY THE — HOLLY MANUFACTURING CO., OF LOCKPORT, N. Y. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT. This engine will be the kind known as the Gaskill Vertical Compound Pumping Engine. There will be four steam cylinders, two high pressure 24 inches in diameter and 36 inches stroke of piston, and two low pressure steam cylinders 48 inches in diameter and 36 inches stroke of piston. These steam cylinders will be firmly bolted to a heavy cast iron bed plate extending across the well. This bed plate to have cast on its sides, pillow blocks forming bearings for each end and center of the crank shaft, the outer ends of which will carry the two fly-wheels. On the lower side of the bed plate, and located on the under side of the same, will be the beam pillow blocks, four in number, between which the beams will oscillate. The beams will be connected to the piston rods of the cylinders by suitable links, also to the cranks by suitable main con- necting rods. The piston rods of both high and low pressure steam cylinders will connect directly with the pump piston rods. The pumps will be four in number, of the kind known as single acting plunger pumps, and will be placed on a suitable base, and firmly bolted thereto, and will be connected with the valve boxes which 130 ' Final Report of the Engineer are in turn to be connected to the base and firmly bolted thereto. On each pump cylinder will be two ears placed to receive two 4^ inch wrought iron stretchers, the other end of which will be bolted into the bed plate. The pumps will rest on the foundations — feet below the bed plate of the engine, being tied to the engine as shown, by these stretchers, the whole forming a machine of great campact- ness and strength, as shown on the “ blue points ” of H. F. Gas- kill’s Vertical Compound Pumping Engine accompanying these specifications, and intended to be a part thereof. STEAM CYLINDERS. The steam cylinders will be four in number, two high pressure and two low pressure. The high pressure steam cylinders to be 24 inches in diameter, and 36 inch stroke of piston, and the low pres- sure steam cylinders to be 48 inches in diameter and 36 inches stroke of piston. The steam cylinders to have steam jacketed heads, also to be surrounded by a steam jacket. The steam cylin- ders to be made in dry sand moulds and cast on end, and to be of first quality both in workmanship and material. BED PLATE. The bed plate will be cast iron, and will be in two pieces, bolted together. On each part of the bed plate will be lugs for \\ inch wrought iron stretchers. To the upper surface of the bed plate will be bolted the steam cylinders ; also there will be cast on the upper surface of the bed plate, the main pillow blocks, in which will revolve the crank shaft. MAIN CRANK SHAFT. The crank shaft, containing two cranks, will be 13 inches in diameter, and will be of the best fagoted iron. FLY-WHEELS. The fly-wheels will each be 12 feet 4 inches in diameter. MAIN PILLOW BLOCKS. The main pillow blocks will be three in number ; which will be cast in the upper surface of the bed plate. The journal bearings to be lined with first quality anti-friction metal, and to have adjustable nuts to compensate for wear. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 131 BEAM PILLOW BLOCKS. The beam pillow blocks will by four in number, and will be cast in the lower side of the engine bed plates. The journal bear- ings to be lined with first quality anti-friction metal and to have ad- justable nuts to compensate for wear. BEAM SHAFT AND BEAM. The beam shaft will be 9 inches in diameter, to which will be keyed the beams, and will by supported be the beam pillow blocks. The beams will each consist of two plates of wrought iron 1 \ inches thick, placed at a suitable distance from each other, and to have pins firmly bolted and riveted in for the attachment of the main con- necting rods, and links for the engine piston rods, as shown in the drawing. GUIDE BARS. The guide bars, two in number for each cylinder, will be of cast iron, in which will run the cross heads. They will be bolted to the inside of the bed plate castings. VALVE MOTION. The valve motion will be the kind known as the “ Corliss ” valve motion. CONNECTION RODS. The connection rods and links will be of the best fagoted iron, rectangular in section, straps of the best “American” iron, and boxes on the bearings, of bronze, with adjustable gibs and keys of the usual pattern. « ENGINE & PUMP PISTON RODS. The piston rods for both engines and pumps will be of hammer- ed steel. The piston rods for each high pressure steam cylinder will be 3 \ inches in diameter. The piston rods for each low pressure cylinder will be two in number, and will be 4 inches in diameter. The pump piston rods will be two to each pump, each 3 \ inches in diameter. ENGINE PISTONS. The engine pistons, four in number, will be of the variety known as the “ ring ” type of piston. There will be two pistons for the high pressure steam cylinders, 24 inches in diameter ; and 132 Final Report of the Engineer two pistons for the low pressure steam cylinders 48 inches in diame- ter. PUMP PLUNGERS. The pump plungers will be four in number, one for each pump, of cast iron, and will be 19 inches in diameter, and packed by means of an external gland. arrangement of connections. The arrangement of connections between the steam piston rods and the beams will be as follows : The single piston rod will be connected to a double rod by a cross head ; and also by means of another cross head lower down united into the pump plunger rod. On the high pressure side of each beam will be placed a pin of hammered steel securely fastened to the beam, which will be in turn connected to a pin on a cross head placed below the upper cross head and separated therefrom by a spool. The two side rods to pass from a shoulder below the second cross head, through it, the spool and upper cross head, and to be secured by nuts upon their upper ends. WROUGHT IRON STRETCHERS. From the engine bed plate extending downward will be two wrought iron stretchers, \\ inches in diameter, to each pump. At the upper end they will pass through lugs left for that purpose, on the engine bed plate ; they being provided with a shoulder and fastened at the top by a nut. At their lower end they will be provided with a shoulder and set into ears on the pumps of suitable strength, and will be secured by a nut on their lower end. PUMP CYLINDERS. The pump cylinders shall be four in number, of cast iron, and of the variety known as the single acting plunger pumps, the plung- ers of which will be 19 inches in diameter, and will be packed with external glands, the glands to be bushed with bronze. The pump cylinders will be bolted firmly to the base, also to the valve boxes. On each pump will be cast two lugs, into which the stretchers will be placed and properly secured by nuts. VALVE BOXES. The valve boxes will be of cast iron and circular in form. Each valve box will consist of three pieces, — the lower valve plate, To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 133 upper valve plate and cover. In each valve box will be placed man holes 15 inches in diameter, allowing easy access to the valves The pump valves will be of the kind known as the “ Troy valve ’ (GaskilPs Patent) with a lift not to exceed of an inch. BASE. There will be a base for the four pumps, which will be firmly bolted to the foundation below, also to the pump cylinders above. There will be an opening in the base to take suction from. The upper and lower surfaces .of the base will be connected by webs. AIR AND SUCTION CHAMBERS. There will be suitable air and suction chambers on the suction and discharge pipes. The discharge air chambers will be provided with suitable air charging device. The suction pipes to pumps will be provided with screens having openings at least 4 times the area of the suction pipe. WATER GAUGE, STEAM GAUGE, ETC. The engine will be fitted with a water pressure gauge, steam gauge, vacuum gauge, revolution counter, put up in a group of tasteful design with a nickel plated finish. AIR PUMP AND CONDENSER. The air pumps will be two in number, single acting, of proper form and sufficient capacity. The condenser will be of the form known as a surface condenser, and will be of ample size to perform the work of condensation. OIL CUPS. All journals and bearings are to have oil cups wherever neces- sary. WOODEN LAGGING. The steam cylinders will be covered with black walnut lagging, which will be secured by T 5 g inch round head machine screws. The steam cylinders will be furnished with automatic lubricators. CAPACITY. The above described machinery will be guaranteed to be capa- ble of pumping 5,000,000 U. S. gallons of water per 24 hours against a static head of 378-^ feet, at a piston speed of 120 feet per minute with 90 lbs. steam, and to develop a duty equivalent to raising 2,500,000 gallons 378^ feet high, in 24 hours, with a con- 134 Final Report oj the Engineer sumption of 9,000 pounds of coal and to raising 5,000,000 gallons 378^ feet high, in 24 hours, with a consumption of 18,000 pounds of coal, test to be conducted as per your specification. WORKMANSHIP AND MATERIAL. It is the intent of these specifications that all material and work- manship shall be first quality in every respect THE HOLLY MANUFACTURING CO. H. F. Gaskill, Vice Pres. Eng. and Supt. SPECIFICATIONS — FOR — SIX HORIZONTAL TUBULAR STEAM BOILERS — FOR — THE NEW COVINGTON WATER WORKS. TYPE. The boilers to be of the horizontal tubular type with full cast iron fronts and double doors complete, together with such other castings as may be called for in these specifications. DIMENSIONS. Boilers to be 5 feet 6 inches in diameter by 18 feet in length. Each boiler to have a steam dome 2 feet 9 inches in diameter and 3 feet 6 inches in height. tubing. Each boiler to contain eighty 3^ inch lap welded tubes 17 feet 10^ inches long, set in vertical rows. All tubes to be spaced 1 inch vertically and 1 inch horizontally. No tubes to be nearer the shell than 3 inches, or nearer the bottom of the shell than 8 inches. Tubes to be expanded with a “dudgeon expander.” The ends of the tubes to be beaded over with a hand tool. MATERIAL. The shells and heads of the boiler to be of best quality Homo- geneous steel. The shell to be in three courses, each course in one To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 185 sheet. Shell of boiler to be inch thick, shell of dome inch thick ; main and dome heads inch thick. The steel composing the boiler to have a tensile strength of between 58,000 and 62,000 pounds per square inch, and to show an elongation of 25 per cent., of specimens 8 inches in length, and a reduction of area of 50 per cent., and strips cut from the plates indiscriminately, heated to a low cherry red heat, quenched in water 82° Fahrenheit, must stand bending 180° in a circle the radius of which is not greater than one and one-half times the thickness of the plates, tested without sign of fracture, and specimens of steel must bend on themselves cold. FLANGING. All flanges to be turned in a neat manner to a radius of 2 inches. To be clear of flaws, checks and hammer marks. RIVETING. To be riveted with $/§ inch iron rivets throughout. (Rivets to be Bendan’s best.) Rivets to have sufficient length to form heads equal in strength to the pressed heads of same. All girt seams to be single riveted, horizontal seams and flange seams of dome at junction with shell of boiler, also vertical seam of dome, to be “stagger riveted.” All riveting to be done by hand. CHIPPING AND CAULKING. Seams to be chipped and caulked thoroughly. All caulking to be done with the Connery Patent System. No drift pins to be used in the construction of the boiler. A reamer to be used to ‘ ‘ fair up” holes where required. Dome to be placed on the center course of boiler. BRACING HEADS. The main heads of boiler to be braced to the shell with twelve 1 }£ inch round iron braces on each head, four to reach from five inches above center of upper row of tubes on head to second course of shell, and the remainder on first course of shell near second sheet. All to be equally distributed on the heads of boilers. All to be solid ‘ 1 crow-foot ” braces, with flattened end against shell, and to be riveted with two $/% inch rivets in each end, care being taken in setting braces that they do not come in the way of entering the boiler. BRACING DOME. Dome to be braced as follows : Heads to be braced to shell of 136 Final Report of the Engineer dome with ten i inch braces, same description as above, and to reach at least 20 inches down on shell of dome. Also to have twelve yf inch by 2^ inch by 12 inch long braces reaching from shell of dome to shell of boiler to reinforce the flange seam, and to be “ crow-foot ” braces, each riveted with two £4 inch rivets. MAN AND HAND HOLES. To have a suitable man hole mouth piece, 12 x 15 inches, ex- tra heavily secured to head of boiler dome, to be furnished with plate and fastening, and to have suitable hand holes in each end of the boiler heads below the tube line, furnished with proper plates and fastenings. OPENING. Opening into dome from boiler to be cut girtwise, and not to exceed 10x12 inches, and to be provided with a stiffening ring 2 y 2 inches wide by £4 inches thick, riveted around the same. DRIP HOLES. Drip holes to be punched at or near the junction of the shell of dome, to properly drain the same. SIDE LUGS. Boiler to have four cast iron side lugs, to support the same, securely riveted to each side, one on each course. CASTINGS. Each boiler to be furnished with full cast iron front of neat de- sign, with all necessary doors and fastenings for facility of access to the tubes, furnace and ash-pit. Each boiler to be also furnished with rear doors exposing the rear end of tubes. To be also furnish- ed with all suitable buckstays and buck-stay rods for securing and holding fronts and brick work in position, and with all necessary nuts and washers. GRATES. Each boiler to be provided with not less than 30 feet of grate surface. FITTINGS. Each boiler to be furnished with one 8 inch biass case, nickel- plated steam gauge with stop cocks and siphon ; three yf inch gauge cocks, one y^ inch glass gauge, and with all suitable feed, blow-off and check valves, also with one 4 inch pop safety valve of approved make, with brass stems, seats and valves. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 137 MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP. The whole to be put together in a first class workmanlike man- ner, materials used to be the best of their several kinds, all subject to the approval of the Chief Engineer of the Covington Water- Works, who shall have authority to reject any or all parts of said materials or workmanship that are not in full conformity with these specifications. PRESSURE AND TEST. These boilers are to carry safely a working pressure of ioo pounds per square inch, and must be tested, and made thoroughly tight at a cold water pressure of 200 pounds before shipment from the place of manufacture. FEED PUMPS. The boilers to be furnished with independent feed pumps hav- ing capacity to supply the water evaporated by the six boilers. MUD DRUM. Each boiler to be supplied with a suitable mud drum arranged o as to be accessible from the outside of brick setting. FEED WATER PURIFIER. The boilers to be furnished with a suitable feed water heater and purifier, one that will satisfactorily perform its office. ( 5 ) SHIELD PLATES. Shield plates to be attached to the doors in front of flues of boiler to prevent excessive radiation of heat. SETTING. The six boilers to be furnished, set up complete at the Coving- ton City pumping station, including all brick work, which is to be put in, in. a thorough and workmanlike manner to the satisfaction of the Chief Engineer of the Covington City Water-Works. Brick work to include the necessary brick flue extending back of the boil- ers, as shown by plans herewith submitted, sheet No. 3. THE HOLLY MANUFACTURING CO. H. F. Gaskill, Vice Pres. Eng. and Supt. 5 The mud drums were dispensed with, and a “National Filter ’ placed between the heater and the boilers. 138 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ M.” GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BILGE PUMP AT THE PUMPING STATION. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. This pump is intended to be used for pumping out and clean- ing the well at the pumping station. A boiler is not required, the necessary supply of steam being obtainable from the boilers of the pumping engines. The general arrangement shall be such as shown in diagrams on sheet No. 3. The pump, which shall be of the direct acting, duplex type, shall be movable vertically between iron guides of sufficient strength and stiffness, fastened to the iron beams of the floors. These guides shall have holes or brackets every five (5) feet, supporting a moveable cross bar upon which the pump shall rest when working. The pump shall be raised and lowered by means of a Weston dif- ferential block, suspended from a cross-beam supported by the roof trusses. CONDITIONS OF WORKING AND DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION. The pump shall work vertically, the water cylinders ddwn and the steam cylinders up. The steam cylinders shall be connected with the steam pipes of the pumping engines with a steam hose of sufficient length to allow the lowering of the pump to a distance of 14 feet from the bottom of the well. The stationary discharge pipe, D. D . , with outlet sixty (60) feet above the bottom of well, is six (6) inches in diameter and has four branch valves about 14^2 feet apart for connection with the pump by a 5 inch, flexible hose. This hose must be long enough To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 139 to connect the discharge pipe at the lowest branch valve with the pump at its lowest position in the well. The suction pipe permanently attached to the pump, shall be 15 feet long, and shall have a strainer at the end, reaching to the bottom of the sump S., when the pump occupies its lowest position. When running at a piston speed of not more than 100 feet per minute, with a steam pressure in the boiler of 75 lbs. per square inch, and the water at its lowest level in the well, the pump shall discharge not less than 500 gallons per minute, actual measurement. The pump must be constructed with the view of pumping muddy and sandy water, such as must be expected in cleaning out the well. The plungers and piston rods shall be of brass. If the pump is made with water pistons instead of plungers, the water cylinders shall be lined with brass. The valve seats shall be of brass and easily accessible for inspection and repair. All materials used in the construction of the pump and appen- dages must be of the best quality, and the workmanship first class in every particular. All unfinished parts of the pump must be painted with three coats of black Japan varnish. PRICE. The price bid must include, besides the pump, the necessary length of steam hose with couplings at ends, the necessary length of discharge hose with couplings at ends, the necessary length of suction pipe with strainer the necessary steam exhaust pipe in place, with valves, the necessary steam exhaust hose, with coup- lings to connect with pump and exhaust pipe, the differential block for raising and lowering the pump, with chains of sufficient length to be operated conveniently from the floor of the engine room, the chain for suspending the pump to the block, and all the tools neces- sary to put together or take apart the different parts of the ma- chinery. All of which must be delivered in good working order, ready for use, and to the acceptance of the Engineer, at the new Coving- ton Pumping Station, situated on the Ohio river, and on the line of the C. & O. R. R., about eight (8) miles from Covington, Kentucky. 140 Final Report, of the Engineer PROPOSALS. Cincinnati, Ohio, June, — , 1889. To the Trustees Covington Reservoir : Gentlemen : — We have the honor to herewith submit pro- posal for Pump and accessories for use at pumping station, as set forth in specifications. We would offer one 9 in. x 8j^ in. x 10 in. Worthington Duplex (brass mounted) Plunger Pumping Engine, so constructed and arranged as to be operated vertically, and so arranged as to be raised and lowered by a chain block, and secured at various stages within the well, to cross-bars or a platform that are made movable on guides to be provided by you. This pump will have brass plungers, brass piston rods, brass valve seats, and will have a permanent 6 inch suction pipe fifteen (15) feet long, projecting downwardly from the pump, which suc- tion pipe will be provided with substantial strainer, 18x24 inches, filled with T 5 g- inch perforations, and the same rigidly secured to lower end of suction pipe. All needed 2 inch steam hose with necessary brass. couplings to conduct the steam from the steam pipe to steam cylinders of the pump; the necessary 2j£ inch steam hose for the exhaust of the steam cylinders to connect with the out- port exhaust, including the needed brass couplings ; also the necessary 5 in. x 4 ply hose with brass couplings for the water discharge of the pump, and to connect to your discharge pipe connections. All iron pipe valves and fittings needed for the out -port exhaust, to which the exhaust hose will attach, and one Weston differential chain block of 3 ton capacity, with necessary length of chain to lower pump to lowest point in well, and all needed attachments for the same, except as to the over head or roof attachment, which you are to provide. All needed lubricators, oil cups, wrenches and other appurte- nances necessary for caring for or operating the pump are included, as contemplated by the specifications. All of which we will guarantee to be first class in every particular, and to have the power with 75 lbs of steam pressure to deliver To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 141 the quantity of water you stipulate, and to satisfactorily perform your service, for the sum of eleven hundred eighty-seven dollars, ($1,187.00). We would recommend, however, as better adapted to this service, the Admiralty Pump, as illustrated on page 36 of our illus- trated catalogue. The 12 in. x in. x 10 in. of this type, brass fitted, with the other appurtenances for pumping out well hole, would cost you twelve hundred and fifty dollars (1,250.00), same terms as above. The above prices contemplate painting, as stipulated. Yours truly, J. K. RUGG & CO., Agent for Henry R. Worthington. 142 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ N.” SPECIFICATIONS FOR GUIDES OF BILGE PUMP AT THE COVINGTON, KY., PUMP HOUSE. GENERAL. The work shall be done in accordance with the plans and specifications furnished by the chief Engineer for the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. The work shall include all iron, shop work, coating, labor, transportation and other work necessary or incidental to the con- struction and erection of the guides in the pump well at the new pumping station on the line of the C. & O. R. R., about eight miles from Covington, Ky., including the attachments and stays for the same and the hinges for the trap door over the well. QUALITY OP THE IRON. The iron shall be tough, ductile, uniform in quality and shall stand without breaking, not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch tensile stress with 15 per cent, elongation in eight inches, in speci- mens 3^2 square inch of sectional area. All pieces shall be smooth, free from injurious seams or flaws, blisters, buckles, cinder spots and imperfect edges. WORKMANSHIP. All workmanship shall be first-class in every particular. All parts shall be free from twists and bends. Abutting ends shall be planed or turned in a plane perpendicular to their axis and shall be in contact throughout. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 143 Rivet holes shall be accurately spaced and shall fit exactly op- posite to each other without drifting. Rivets when driven shall completely fill the holes. Rivet heads shall be full size, well formed and concentric to the holes. No loose rivets shall be allowed. All bolts shall have perfect threads. COATING. All the iron work shall be coated with approved black varnish or other water proof coating approved by the Engineer. ANCHORING. The intermediate stays between floors shall be leaded into the masonry of the well as shown on plans. PROPOSAL FOR THE GUIDES OF AUXILIARY PUMP AT THE NEW PUMPING STATION FOR COV- INGTON. KENTUCKY. The undersigned, having carefully examined the plans and specifications for the guides of auxiliary pump at the new pumping station for Covington, Ky., hereby propose to the Trustees of Cov- ington Reservoir to construct and erect the same, ready for use, in accordance with said plans and specifications and under the direc- tion and to the satisfaction of the chief Engineer for said Trustees, for the sum of cts. per pound, and complete the work on or before the 15th day of September, 1889. 144 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ O.” Cincinnati, December, n, 1890. Trustees Covington Reservoir , Covington, Ky.: Gentlemen : — I beg to submit the following report on the duty tests recently made of the Covington pumping engines built by the Holly Manufacturing Co. under contract with your Board. The general specifications under which proposals were received for these pumping engines stipulate that “each pumping engine working either singly or jointly with the normal pressure of 100 lbs. of steam in the boilers shall deliver water in the Reservoir at the rate of 5 million U. S. standard gallons in 24 hours with a con- sumption of coal not exceeding 18,000 lbs. in 24 hours when the level of the water in the river is 385 feet below the center of force pipe at the apex on the hill. The consumption shall be proportion- ally less as the water in the river rises above the datum referred to. “After a period of ninety days operation the final tests for duty shall be made in the following manner : 1st. Both pumping engines shall be worked simultaneously in normal condition with a steam pressure of 100 lbs. to the square inch in the boilers, and a rate of delivery into the Reservoir, not less than 10 million gallons in 24 hours for a period of not less than 48 hours. 2nd. A simi- lar test shall be made with each engine working singly in normal condition with 100 lbs. steam pressure in the boilers. The coal consumed shall be carefully weighed. The quantity of water shall be carefully measured over a weir at the Reservoir and an accurate record shall be kept of the elevation of water in the river during the test.” In the contract as executed by the Holly Manufacturing Co. these conditions were slightly modified by the following clause : “The above described machinery will be guarranteed to be capable of pumping 5 million U. S. gallons of water per 24 hours against a static head of 378 1-10 feet at a piston speed of 120 feet per min- ute with 90 lbs. steam and to develop a duty equivalent to raising To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 145 2^ million gallons 378 1-10 ft. high in 24 hours with a consumption of 9,000 lbs. of coal and to raising 5 million gallons 378 i-iofeet high in 24 hours with a consumption of 18,000 lbs. of coal, test to be conducted as per your specifications. ,, The changes made from the general specifications by this clause of the contract are : 1 st That a maximum static head of 378 1-10 feet is substi- tuted for 385 feet, the former being the difference in elevation be- tween extreme low water in the river and the highest point on the force pipe line at the open stand pipe in tunnel. 2nd. That a pressure of 90 lbs. of steam (inferred to apply to the working pressure at the engines, but not expressly defined) is substituted in place of 100 lbs. pressure at the boilers. 3rd. That the piston speed of the engines is limited to 120 ft. per minute, whereas no limit is stipulated in the general specifica- tions. The weir used for gauging the quantities of water delivered was erected at the inlet of the north basin o.f the Reservoir. The tests were made in the following order : 1st. Engine No. 1 running alone from November 25th, 12:30 P. M. to November 27th, 12:30 P. M. 2nd. Engine No. 2 running alone from November 27th, 6 P. M. to November 29th, 6 P. M. 3rd. Engines No. 1 and No. 2 running together from Decem- ber 3rd, noon, to December 5th, noon. The interval of time between test No. 2 and test No. 3 was rendered unavoidable by the necessity of waiting for the necessary room in the two basins of the Reservoir to receive the water pumped during the 3rd test and by the absence of Mr. Hermany who was compelled to attend to urgent business in Louisville. The water delivered during test No. 1 for the 46 hours begin- ning at 1:50 P. M. November 25th, and ending at 11:50 A. M. November 27th, was carefully measured in the basin to serve as a check to the gauging at the weir. The same was done during test No. 3 for the first 24 hours run from noon December 3rd, to noon December 4th. As a further check to show the changes in the condition of the engines which might have taken place during the tests, short runs were made at the end of test No. 3 with each en- gine working alone. 146 Final Report of the Engineer For Engine No. i from 12:15 P- M. to 1:45 P. M. For Engine No. 2 from 2:15 P. M. to 3:45 P. M. The results of my calculations from all the observations taken are tabulated in the accompanying exhibit. The notes have been handed by me to Mr. Hermany who will make his own computation and submit his report to your Board next week. The weir and basin measurements in the first test were found to agree within about one per cent, which is as close as could be expected. EXHIBIT SHOWING RESULTS OF DUTY TESTS OF COVINGTON PUMPING ENGINES. Engine No.l Engine No. 2 Engines Nos. 1 & 2 Combined . Engine No. 1 short run. Engine No. 2 short run. Water deliver- ’ ed (Weir meas- urement.) , 1 gals. 10,909,269 gals. 10,937,261 gals. 21,546,323 c. f. 50,245 c. f. 47,306 Water deliver- ’ ed (Basin meas- urement.) , : *'gal. for 46 hrs. 10,570,610 not taken. ** gal. for 1st 24 hrs. 11,153,805 not taken. not taken. Discrepency be-*] tween basin |* and weir (basin \- in excess of j weir.) J 0.01092 0.03507 Number of rev- ' olutions of engine. Displacement] of pumps. 1 | I- 63,795 gals. 11,275,432 64,299 gals. 11,364,510 No. 1 64,899 No. 2 65,295 gal. 23,011,103 2,230 c. f. 52,689 2,106 c. f. 49,759 Slip of pumps) by weir measurement. J t 0.0325 0.0376 0.0637 0.0464 0.0493 Slip of pumps ) by basin measurement. J : 0.0217 not taken. 0.0308 To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 147 EXHIBIT SHOWING RESULTS OF DUTY TESTS OF COVINGTON PUMPING EN- GINES. — CONTINUED. Engine No. 1. Engine No. 2. Engines Nos. 1 & 2 Combined. Engine No. 1. short run. Engine No. 2, short run. Average depth of water in j well below [ floor engine | house. J ft. 49,279 ft. 54,136 ft. 60,330 Depth of water 'I below center j of force main }- at stand ft. below 0.125 ft. below 0.125 ft. above 0.375 pipe. J Total average lift 356.964 ft. 361.821 ftJ : 368.515 ft. Quantity of wa- ] ter assumed | in computa- }- tion of allow- j able coal. J gals. 10,909,269 gals. 10,937,261 gals. 22,06.1,091 Allowable coal. 37,078 lbs. 37,679 lbs. , 77,406 lbs. Coal burnt. 35,041 lbs. 36,675 lbs. 76,725 lbs. Marginof allow- 1 able coal over >■ coal burnt. J 2,037 lbs. 1,004 lbs. 681 lbs. M argin in per cent Actual piston 1 speed. j Piston speed on basis of 5 mil- | lion gallons }- for each 5.5 per ct. 132.9 ft. 121.8 ft. 2.66 per ct. 134 ft. 122.5 ft. .88 per ct. No. 1 134.9 ft. No. 2 135.6 ft. Average 122.9 ft. engine. Excess of pis- 1 ton speed in l per cent. J 1.5 per ct. 2.04 per ct. 2.4 per ct. *For the same 46 hours weir measurement, 10,456,400 gals. **For the same 24 hours weir measurement, 10,775,952gals. In the 3rd test the basin measurement exceeded the weir meas- urement by more than 6 per cent, which can only be explained by the fact that the current in the weir trough was disturbed to such an 148 Final Report of the Engineer extent by the large quantity of air carried by the water from the stand pipe as to impair the accuracy of the gauging. The quantity of water given by the basin measurement less 1.092 per cent, was taken as a basis for the computation of the allowable coal in that test. My conclusion with regard to the tests is that the engines have complied with the conditions of the contract except in the following particulars : 1st. That the pressure of steam corresponding to the specified duty is too lbs. instead of 90 lbs. 2nd. That the piston speed necessary for the delivery of the specified quantity of water in the 24 hours, exceeds the specified speed by 1 \ to 2 per cent. These discrepancies being of a purely technical nature, I rec- ommend the acceptance of the engines from the contractor’s hands. Very respectfully, G. BOUSCAREN. Chief Engineer. Note. — The weight of coal allowable is given by the following formulas in which H=total average lift, Q=quantity of water de- livered in million gallons. For tests Nos. 1 and 2, W=i8,ooo x For test No. 3, W=36,ooo x H x Q 378.1 x 5 H x Q 378.1 x 10 The gauge readings at the weir were taken every 5 minutes and the discharge for every hour calculated from Mr. Francis’ tables com- puted for this formula : Q— 3.33 (L — o. 1 x n x H) in which Lr^length of weir, u=:number of end contractions and H=depth of water on weir. In applying the tables, corrections were made for the increased discharge due to the velocity of approach equal to ^ of the mean velocity. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 149 EXHIBIT “ P.” Louisville, Ky., Dec. 18th, 1890. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir , Covington , Ky. Gentlemen. — Below please find my report upon the fuel and capacity tests made with two pairs of compound steam pumping en- gines, built by the Holly Mfg. Co., for the Covington, Ky., Reser- voir Trustees. ENGINE No. 1. 1. Duration of test from 12:30 p. m., Nov. 25th, to 12:30 p. m., Nov. 27th, 1890 — 48 hours. 2. Two boilers fired during test, Nos. 3 and 4. 3. Coal burnt in 48 hours, 34 990 pounds. 4. Quality of fuel used was good Pittsburgh lump coal forked and free from slack. The contract says : “ The coal used shall be the run of the mine, ordinary quality Pittsburg coal.” 5. The average pressure of steam in boilers during test was 104 18 pounds per square inch. Pressure stipulated in contract was 90 pounds per square inch. 6. Engine No. 1 operates four single-acting plunger pumps, each 19 inches in diameter and 36 inches stroke. 2 7. Plunger displacement per revolution, equals (19) x 0.7854 x 36 x 4 x ( 3 ^- t )= 176.7456 U. S. Gallons. 8. Number of revolutions during test 63,795. 9 Piston Speed 120 feet per minute as named in contract for 10,000.000 gallons in 48 hours. 10. Average piston speed during test was: 63,795 x 6 x 10,000,000 48 x 60 11,030,201 4.20.49 feet per minute. 11. Volume of water pumped during 48 hours, estimated by plunger displacement was 63,795 x 176.7456=11,275,436 gallons. 12. Static head against pumps from low water in the river to 150 Final Report of the Engineer water surface at apex at force main at stand-pipe, 378.1 feet as speci- fied. 13. Average vertical distance during test from Engine Room Floor to water in well 49.342 feet. 14. Average height during test from Engine Room Floor to water surface at apex in force main at stand-pipe 307.81 feet by Engineer’s levels. Same by pressure gauge 314.61 feet. 15. Total static head against pumps during test 357.152 feet by Engineer’s level. 16. The mean head on the weir during test from 576 readings of hook-gauge, was 0.64495 feet, head due velocity of approach 0.0024 feet, and total head on weir 0.64735 feet. Length of weir 4 995 feet. 17. Volume of water delivered into reservoir in 48 hours by weir measurement (computed by Francis’ well known formula) Q.=3.33(L— o.l x«xH)H^ was— 3.33(4 995-o. 1 x 2 x 0.64735) 0.64735^ x 7.4805 x 60 x 60 x 48=10,908,310 gallons. 18. Volume of water delivered into reservoir in 46 hours by basin measurement. Water in n. basin Nov. 25th at 1.50 p. m. by table of reservoir capacity 12,689*340 gallons. Water in same Nov. 27th, at 11:50 a m. 23,259,950 “ In 46 hours 10,570,610 gallons. Equivalent to 48/46 In 48 hours 11,030,201 gallons. 19. These three different methods of determining the volume of water delivered into the reservoir, as shown in sections 7 — 11 16 —17 and 18 of this report, give the following as delivery in 48 hours, viz, By pump plunger displacement 11,275,486 galls. “ Weir gauging 10,908.310 “ “ Basin measurement 11,030,201 “ The lost action (slip) of the pumps was therefore 0 03366 when estimated by weir gauging and 0.02223 compared with basin meas- urement. The volume of water delivered into reservoir, as determined by basin measurement, is taken as the closest approximation to ac- To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 151 curacy, and therefore Engine No. 1 is given credit for having de- livered 11,030,201 gallons of water into the reservoir in 48 hours. 20 . The contract stipulates that the Engine shall pump 10,- 000,000 gallons of water in 48 hours from low water level in the river to the height of the center of the force pipe at the stand pipe (a height of 378.1 feet) with 36,000 pounds of coal, or the same volume of water with a proportionately less weight of coal as the water in the river rises above the low water level. Which alterna- tive means, that if the conditions named in the contract do not exist at the time of making the test, then the result of the test made un- der changed conditions, shall be the mechanical equivalent of the work stipulated in the contract. Instead of pumping the stipulated volume as above stated this engine pumped 11,030,201 gallons of water in 48 hours 357,152 feet high with 34,990 pounds of coal, which is the mechanical equivalent of the work stipulated to be performed, with 2,519 pounds of coal less than the weight allowed in the contract — a re- duction of 7 t 2 ^ per cent. , expressed as follows, viz : 11,030,201 gal. x 357 152 feet head OA AAA lt 10 000,000 gal. X 378.1 feet head x 36 ’ 000 lbs ' coaL — 34,990 pounds of coal==2,519 pounds of coal less than the con- tract allowance. ENGINE No. 2. 1. Duration of test 6:00 p. m., Nov. 27th, to 6:00 p. m., Nov. 29th, 1890—48 hours. 2 . Two boilers fired during test, Nos. 3 and 4. 3 . Coal burnt in 48 hours 36,777 pounds. 4 . Quality of fuel used was good Pittsburg coal, containing a large percentage of slack. The contract says: “ The coal used shall be the run of the mine, ordinary quality Pittsburg coal.” 5 . The average pressure of steam in boiler during the test was 103.81 pounds per square inch. Pressure stipulated in contract is 90 pounds per square inch. 6 . Engine No. 2 is a duplicate of No. 1, and operates four single-acting plunger pumps, each 19 inches in diameter and 36 inches stroke. 7 . Plunger displacement per revolution, equals 152 Final Report of the Engineer (19) x. 7854x 36 x 4 x 1^6.7456 U. S. gallons. 8. Number of revolutions during test 64,299. 9. Piston speed 120 feet per minute as named in contract for 10,000,000 gallons. 10. Average piston speed during test was 64,299 x 6 10 000 000 100/l0 , , . f 48 x «j0 X 10.986.128 - = *22.49 feet per mmute. 11. Volume of water pumped during 48 hours, estimated by* plunger displacement, was 64,299 rev. x 176 7456 galls. — 11,364,565 gallons. 12. Static head against pumps from low water in the river to water surface at apex in force main at stand-pipe, 378.1 feet as specified in contract. 13. Average vertical distance during test from engine room floor to water in well 54.115 feet. 14. Average height during test from engine room floor to water surface at apex in force main at stand-pipe, 307.81 feet by En- gineer’s levels — same by pressure gauge 314.61 feet. 15. Total static head against pumps during test was 361.925 feet by Engineer’s levels. 16. The mean head on the weir during the test from hook- gauge readings taken at regular intervals of five minutes apart was 0.64607 feet, head due velocity of approach 0.0024 feet, and total head on weir 0.64847 feet — length of weir 4.995 feet. 17. Volume of water delivered into Reservoir in 48 hours by weir mersurement, computed by Francis’ formula, was 3.33(4.995—0.1 x2 x 0.64847) x 0.64847* x 7.4305 x 60 x 60 x 48=10,936,128 gallons. 18. Volume of water delivered into reservoir in the test of this Engine was not measured in the basin. 19. The two different methods of determining the volume of water delivered into the reservoir give the following as the delivery in 48 hours, viz : By pump plunger displacement 11,364,565 gallons. “ weir gauging 10,936,128 “ The result of the test made with Engine No. 1, gave the vol- ume of water delivered, by basin measurement, as 1.01117 times that determined by weir gauging. For the reason assigned in the To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 153 report on the test with Engine No. 1, the weir volume of the deliv- ery by Engine No. 2, is multiplied by 1.01117, and the engine given credit for delivering 11,058,328 gallons of water into the res- ervoir in 48 hours. The lost action (or slip) of the pumps was therefore 0.03917 estimated by weir gauging, and 0.02769 compared with estimated basin measurement. 2o. The contract requires Engine No. 2 to perform the same work with the same consumption of coal as stipulated for Engine No. 1. Engine No. 2, pumped 11; 058, 328 gallons of water 361.- 925 feet high in 48 hours with 36,777 pounds of coal, which is the mechanical equivalent of the work stipulated to be performed with 1330 pounds of coal less than the weight allowed in the contract, a reduction of 3^0 per cent., expressed as follows, viz : x 36, 000 lbs. coal 11,058,328 galls, water x 361,925 fe6t head 10,000,000 galls water x 378.1 feet head — 36,777 pounds of coal = 1330 pounds of coal less than the con- tract allowance. The difference in the coal consumption by the two engines is 1139 pounds, and is evidently due to the difference in the condition of the coal. ENGINES Nos. 1 & 2, WORKING SIMULTANEOUSLY. 1. Duration of test from 12 noon, Dec. 3rd, to 12 noon, Dec. 5th, 1890 — 48 hours. 2. Four boilers fired during test, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. 3. Coal burnt in 48 hours 76,460 pounds. 4. Quality of fuel used was good Pittsburgh coal containing a large percentage of slack. The contract says “ the coal used shall be the run of the mine, ordinary quality Pittsburgh coal.” 5. The average pressure of steam in the boilers during the test was 103.78 pounds per square inch. Pressure stipulated in contract is 90 pounds per square inch. 6. The two engines working simultaneously operate eight sin- gle acting plunger pumps, each 19 inches in diameter and 36 inches stroke. 7. Combined plunger displacement by the two engines per joint revolution, equals 19“ x .7854 x 36 x 4 x 2 x T = 353.4912 U. S. gallons. 154 Final .Report oj the Engineer 8. Number of revolutions during test for both engines was, (64,899 for No. 1 x 65.295 for No. 2) = 130,194. 9. Piston speed 120 feet per minute as named in contract for 20,000,000 gallons in 48 hours. 10. Average piston speed during test was, 130.194 x 6 x 20.000,000 x 1 = m6 8 feet minute . 48 x 60 x 22,307,610 x 2 v 11. Volume of water pumped during 48 hours estimated by plunger displacement, was, 65,097 x 353.4912 = 23,011,217 gallons. 12. Static head against pumps from low water in the river to water surface at apex in force main at stand-pipe, is 378.1 feet as specified in contract. 13. Average vertical distance during test from engine room floor to water in well was 60.333 feet. 14. Average height from engine room floor to water surface at apex in force main at stand-pipe 307.81 feet by Engineer’s levels. Same by pressure gauge 314.61 feet. 15. Total static head against pumps during test 368,143 feet by Engineer’s levels. 16. The mean head on the weir during the test, from hook- gauge readings taken at regular intervals of five minutes apart, was 1.02124 feet, head due velocity of approach 0.0087 feet, and total head in weir 1.02994 feet. Length of weir 4,995 feet. 17. Volume of water delivered into reservoir in 48 hours by weir measurement, computed by Francis’ formula, was 3.33(4.995—0.1 x 2 x 1.02994) x 1.0299* x 7.4805 x 60 x 60 x 48 =21,546,782 gallons. 18. Volume of water delivered into reservoir in 24 hours by basin measurement : Water in n. basin Dec. 3rd, at 11:50 a. m. 14,616,590 galls. Water in same at 11:50 a. m Dec. 4th, 25.770 395 “ In 24 hours 11 153,805 “ Equivalent to In 48 hours 22,307,610 galls. 19. The volume of water delivered into the reservoir in 48 hours by the two engines when worked simultaneously, is therefore as follows, viz : To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 155 By plunger dispk cement 23.011,217 galls. “ weir gauging 21546,782 “ “ basin measurement 22 307,610 “ The lost action (slip) of the pumps was therefore 0.06796 when estimated by weir gauging, and 0.03154 when compared with the basin measurement. The basin measurement, for reasons heretofore stated, is taken as the closest approximation to the correct volume of water deliver- ed into the reservoir, and the two engines running jointly are there- fore credited with having delivered 22,307,610 gallons of water in 48 hours. 20 . The contract stipulates that the two engines running joint- ly shall pump 20,000,000 gallons of water in 48 hours 378.1 feet high with 36,000 pounds of coal. The two engines running jointly did pump 22,307,610 gallons of water in 48 hours 368.143 feet high with 76,460 pounds of coal, which is the mechanical equivalent of the work stipulated to be per- formed with 1732 pounds of coal less than the weight allowed in the contract — a reduction of 2 t 2 /q- per cent, expressed as follows, viz : 22.807,610 galls, water x 368.143 feet head x 72 000 pounds coal 20,000,000 galls, water x 378.1 feet head — 76,460 pounds coal= 1732 pounds less than the contract allow- ance. The results from these several tests, show that the Pumping Engines meet the contract requirements fully (exceed them in some respects), with two exceptions, viz : Steam pressure in boilers and piston speed per minute. These exceptions are technical when considered in connection with the entire plant &nd of too little importance to be made a subject for discussion. From the tests made and a careful inspection of the whole plant, I am justified in saying that it is first-class in every respect and fulfills the contract. Very Respectfully, CHAS. HERMANY, Civil Engineer. 156 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ Q.” THE MAYSVILLE AND BIG SANDY RAILROAD CO., A corporation created and existing under the laws of Kentucky, now engaged in the erection of a railroad bridge across Licking River from a point at or near Byrd street, in the City of Coving- ton, in Kenton County, Ky. , to a point near the corporation line of the City of Newport, in Campbell County, Kentucky, agrees with the Trustees of Covington Reservoir, a corporation also created and existing under the laws of Kentucky, now engaged in the construction of a Water Reservoir for supplying the city of Covington with water, to be connected with the present water pipe system of said city by a thirty inch main, in consideration of the sum of $20,000, to be paid to the said railroad company by said Trustees, as hereinafter provided; that the said railroad company will permit said water main over the said river, to be laid under the right of way of said railroad company in approaching said bridge from either side of said river, and be supported underneath the floor of said bridge, in the manner shown by the diagrams hereto attached and made a part of this agreement, in such manner as to in nowise to interfere with the use thereof by said railroad company, nor to run into or through any portion of the embankments of said railroad company, nor so as to interfere with said railroad company in the conduct of their business. Those parts of said water main connecting the main in the ground on either side of the river with that extending under the bridge across the river, to be attached to the piers of the bridge in the manner represented in said diagrams. The said railroad com- pany to furnish the necessary appliances for the attaching and sup- porting said main under the superstructure of the bridge, but are not to furnish the attachments for the pipes on the piers ; but the said Trustees are to furnish the necessary labor and material for making said attachments to the floor and pier of said bridge, but all work to be done under the supervision of said railroad company. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 157 The main to be placed in position as soon as the bridge is in con- dition to receive the pipe, and the Trustees have been officially notified of the fact ; and they, the said Trustees, will, within ten days from such notification, pay said railroad company the said sum of twenty thousand dollars. The said Trustees and said city of Covington shall have access to said water main, attached to said bridge, and said right of way, for the purpose of inspecting or repairing the same, or readjusting said main to said bridge or piers should it in any manner become detached, in whole or in part, from said bridge or piers; such right to be exercised in all cases with the least possible interference, for the time being, with the operations of said railroad, and under the supervision of said railroad company. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, The corporate name of said rail- road company and of said Trustees of Covington Reservoir have been hereto affixed by their respective Presidents, I. E. GATES, and A. SHINKLE, with the seal of said corporations, and attested by their respective Secretaries. Maysville and Big Sandy Railroad Company, By I. E. GATES, President. Attest: F. H. Davis, Secretary. Trustees of Covington Reservoir, By A. SHINKLE, President. Attest : James Spilman, Secretary. January 23d, 1889. 158 Final Report of the Engineer EXHIBIT “ R.” SPECIFICATIONS — FOR LAYING — THE WATER PIPES OF THE NEW WATER WORKS — FOR THE — CITY OF COVINGTON, IN KENTON AND CAMPBELL COUNTIES, KY. DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND EXTENT OF CONTRACT. The work shall include all the excavation and back-filling, filling, tunneling, masonry, paving, metalling, and other works necessary to construct and complete the line of water main pipes as now located or to be located by the Engineer of the Trustees, with all valves, special castings and other appendages from the corner of Russell and Third streets, in the city of Covington to the proposed Reservoir at the Moreland place, in Campbell County Kentucky, and from the said Reservoir to the proposed pumping station on the south bank of the Ohio River above the Newport pump-house, ex- cepting the pipes and castings within the Reservoir site, extending from a point near the west end of the proposed tunnel under the Highland pike to a point near the foot of the westerly 1 slope of the dam of lower basin of said Reservoir. GRADE AND ALIGNMENT. The grade and alignment of the pipe shall conform with the grade and alignment shown on the profile and plan furnished to the contractor, and with any modification or change thereof that may be considered necessary or advisable by the Engineer during the pro- gress of the work. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 159 CLEARING. All trees, stumps, bushes and rubbish, as well as other surface obstructions within six feet of the center of the line of the trench, and any additional width that may be required for the work, shall be removed. TRENCHES. The width of trenches shall be sufficient at all points to allow the pipes and their appendages to be laid, set and caulked in the best and the most thorough and workmanlike manner. The depth of the trenches shall be such as may be required to conform with the grade given by the Engineer for the pipe, there shall be at least three feet of earth covering on top of the pipe. Wherever the bottom of the trench has been carried down be- low the proper grade, it* shall be brought up to grade with selected material well rammed in. FOUNDATIONS. Where the bottom of the trench is soft and liable to yield, it shall be excavated to such additional depth as the Engineer may require, and a foundation of broken rocks covered with a six-inch layer of selected material well rammed or such other foundation as the Engineer may prescribe shall be put in. ROCKY BOTTOM. Where the bottom of the trench is rocky it shall be excavated six inches below grade and brought up to a proper grade with selected materials well rammed in. PRECAUTIONS. In excavating the trench, the contractor shall carefully remove all loam, pavement and road metal at the surface and separate the same from the other material excavated, to be used in restoring the grounds, roads and streets to their original condition. Trenches are not to be opened in advance of the laying of the pipe for any greater length than shall be necessary for the expedi- tious performance of the work, and the back-filling shall be com- pleted as far as the pipe laying shall be done and approved by the inspector. All blastings near houses and public thoroughfares shall be 160 Final Report of the Engineer done with the most diligent care and precaution to prevent injury to persons and property. All trenches shall be properly shored up. Trenches through public and private roads and through pasture lands shall be properly fenced and guarded. The contractor shall place and maintain in public highways proper painted notices of warning by day and red lights of warning by night. REPAIR OF SEWERS, PIPES, FENCES, ETC. The contractor shall at his own expense divert, repair and restore to the satisfaction of the Engineer, all sewers, culverts, drains, pipes, ditches, roads, fences, and other works and properties which he may disturb or injure during the progress of the work. TRAVEL NOT TO BE INTERRUPTED. The contractor shall so conduct and manage his work as not to interrupt travel in streets and public highways, and shall pro- vide safe and convenient temporary crossings for the same when necessary. BACK FILLING. After the pipe is laid the trench shall be filled with selected material, free from rock, measuring more than two inches, carefully rammed on the side and top of the pipe to a level of six inches above the top of the pipe. The remainder of the fill shall be made with the material excavated, excluding all stones measuring more than six inches in any direction, rammed in layers of six inches in depth until sufficient room is left to receive the loam or the road metal or pavement, which must be carefully replaced with such additional quantity as may be required for the restoration of the original surface. In streets and roads, the contractor shall finish the same to the satisfaction of the City Engineer or Superintendent of roads, or others having the same in charge. The surface shall generally be left higher than originally, making such allowance for the settling of the fill as the Engineer may direct. Frozen earth, roots, grass, and other perishable materials shall be carefully ex- cluded from the fills. Where the trench is so shallow as to leave less than 3 feet depth of covering on top of the pipe, sufficient ma- terial shall be added on to obtain the requisite depth of three feet. Where the bottom of the pipe is above ground, a foundation shall be built for its support after carefully removing for the entire width To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 161 of its base, all grass, vegetable mold and other materials deemed objectionable by the Engineer, and a fill shall be made and carried to a height of not less than 3 feet above the top of the pipe, making always a proper allowance for shrinkage. The fill shall be made with approved material, using the same care dnd method as pre- scribed for the back filling in trenches. All fills above ground shall have side slopes of not greater inclination than 1^ to 1. On sloping ground the fills shall be pro- tected with approved surface ditches, and drains of approved size and construction shall be put in when required. WASTE MATERIAL. All waste material shall be promptly removed and deposited at such places as the Engineer may direct. BORROWED MATERIAL. Where the material excavated is insufficient or unfit to complete the back filling or fill, the contractor shall supply approved earth for the purpose. PIPE LAYING. All the pipes and castings shall be delivered to the contractor on the ground along the line and as near as practicable to the posi- tion they are to occupy in the trench, generally within thirty feet of the same, excepting the pipes to be laid on the bridge over the Licking, which shall be delivered on the ground at or near either end thereof, and the pipes for the force main from the pump house to the top of the bluff, which shall all be delivered at a convenient place near the line on the top of the bluff. All valves, air-cocks and their appendages, shall be delivered by the Trustees to the con- tractors at the railroad depots in Covington or Newport. From the time of delivery the contractors shall be responsible to the Trus- tees for all breakage or injury to the pipe and appendages. The contractor shall furnish all labor, tools and materials neces- sary for the completion of the work, excepting pipes, special castings and valves. The pipes shall be laid on true grade and alignment as shown on the map and profile, and laid out by the Engineer. 162 Final Report of the Engineer CLEARING. Before being laid the pipes shall be brushed through to remove adhering earth and all foreign matters which may have been left therein. MANNER OF LAYING. They shall be placed singly in the trench and bedded so as to rest firmly and uniformly throughout their entire length on the solid earth. JOINTS, The joints shall be made with the best quality of tarred hempen yarn, closely twisted in one piece for each joint, well caulked into the socket with a special tool, and soft lead poured in at one run- ning, and set up thoroughly and entirely around the pipe. The depth of lead after caulking shall not be less than 2 V 2 inches. The joints must be well and faithfully caulked by an experienced and competent man in the best manner. All flanged pipes and castings shall be jointed with a sheet lead gasket, properlj laped, and of the full diameter and width of the flange. Such waste and blow-off pipes, valves and air cocks as may be furnished by the Trustees shall be laid and set where and as directed by the Engineer. precautions. Care shall be taken to prevent any earth, stone or other mate- rial from entering the pipes as they are being laid, and every open end of a pipe laid shall be plugged before leaving the work for any length of time. \ The pipes and appendages shall be handled with the greatest care and with proper tools, so as to avoid injury to the coating. No injured or imperfect pipe shall be laid. No vertical and horizontal curve or bend shall be laid with straight pipes of less radius than 478 feet, without special provision and the permission of the Engineer. CROSSING OF WATER COURSES. At the crossing of water courses, arch culvert and pipe drains shall be built in accordance with plans furnished by the Engineer, and the pipe laid thereon and covered to such a depth as may be required. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir . 163 Where the pipe crosses under the bed of a stream it shall be laid in concrete and protected with paving and slope walls, when required by the Engineer. Where the pipe crosses existing culverts and drains so as to require the reconstruction of any part thereof, the same shall be done in accordance with plans furnished or approved by the Engineer. VALVE CURBS. Valve curbs, where required, shall be of stone or brick laid in cement with improved cast iron neck and cover. They shall be built on a foundation of stone or brick laid in cement and shall be drained with a stoneware pipe of suitable size. TUNNEL. The tunnel under the Highland pike shall be built in accord- ance with plans and detail drawings furnished, and directions given by the Engineer. It shall be arched throughout and closed at the east end with masonry. It shall have an entrance shaft at the west end, also curbed with Masonry, enclosing the air pipe, and covered with an entrance house. The tunnel shall be drained at the east end with an eighteen-inch pipe culvert. The exact length of the tunnel and shaft shall be determined by the Engineer. EXCAVATION OF TUNNEL. The excavation shall be made to conform as closely as practi- cable with the outline of masonry, particular care being used in blasting and in the temporary shoring of the sides and roof, to avoid falls. The waste material shall all be deposited between the tunnel and the reservoir at such place as the Engineer may direct. LINING AND CURBING. The masonry arching of the tunnel proper shall be of brick laid in cement mortar with the exception of the closing walls at the east end, which shall be of broken range stone- work, as well as the curb- ing of the shaft. This curbing shall be capped one foot above the ground with a belting course of selected stone, upon which shall be built the entrance house. Blind arches of six foot span shall be built in the walls at both ends of the tunnel to provide for facility 164 Final Report of the Engineer of repair and replacement of pipe in the future. The floor of the tunnel shall be paved with brick laid in cement.( 6 ) PACKING. The space between the masonry and the side and roof of the excavation shall be packed with selected material, carefully and firmly rammed in, a sufficient amount of clay being used to fill com- pletely all void spaces. DRAINAGE. Should springs be encountered in excavating the tunnel, the water shall be carefully confined by walling, and led by pipe drains of suitable size, discharging inside of tunnel at the foot of the side walls. REFILLING. After the completion of the masonry and of the pipe laying in the tunnel, the excavated approaches at both ends shall be refilled, using the same method and care as prescribed for the back filling of trenches, so as to restore the surface to its original condition. ENTRANCE HOUSE. The entrance house shall be built in accordance with plans fur- nished, with nine-inch walls of brick and asphalt roofing ; the door shall be of two thicknesses of one-inch plank, tongue and grooved; it shall be hung with strong wrought-iron hinges and provided with a strong and approved lock. A strong iron ladder, well secured to the masonry, shall lead from the floor to the bottom of the shaft. MASONRY. STONE. The stone shall be of blue limestone of best quality found in the hills surrounding Newport and Covington, or other stones of good quality approved by the engineer. It shall be of the size pre- scribed for each class of work, free from clay and dry seams, and sound in every particular. BRICK. The brick shall all be hard burnt paving brick, well tempered, ( 6 ) Changed to concrete with cement covering. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 165 of good form, free of lime and cracks, and capable of standing a pressure of four thousand pounds per square inch without crushing. They shall be soaked in water immediately before using. CEMENT. The cement shall be equal to the best quality of Louisville hy- draulic cement, and shall stand, without breaking, a tensile stress of one hundred pounds per square inch in briquettes seven days old ; it shall not swell or crack in the process of hardening. SAND. The sand shall be clean, sharp, river sand. MORTAR. The cement mortar shall generally be composed of one meas- ure of cement and two measures of sand, well mixed with clear water in clean mortar beds and used immediately after mixing. Different proportions of sand and cement shall be used, if re- quired by the engineer. BRICK ARCHING. Brick arching shall consist of the required number of rings of brick laid flush in cement mortar, each line of brick breaking joints with the adjoining lines in the same ring and in the ring below it. No headers shall be used in the arch. No bats shall be allowed in the work except for closures. The thickness of joints shall not exceed one-half inch between bricks in the same rings, nor five-eight inch between rings. The arch shall be covered over with a coating of cement mortar, not less than three-quarter inches thick. BRICK WALLS. The same specifications shall apply to brick walls as for brick arching, excepting that the brick shall be laid in the wall with the ordinary bond, every seventh course being of headers. BRICK PAVING. The bottom or floor shall be first carefully trimmed to the proper form and covered with a thick bed of cement mortar, the brick shall be floated thereon and laid close with full joints to the required template. The brick shall be laid on edge, and shall break joints as for brick arching. 166 Final Report of the Engineer The paving shall also be grouted after being laid, if the same be considered necessary by the engineer. STONE ARCH MASONRY. The arch proper shall be built of selected stone of uniform thickness in each course, laid flush, in cement mortar, each stone extending through the entire thickness of arch. The stones shall not be less than four inches thick ; they shall be hammer dressed on the intradoes, beds and joints ; the joints shall be square with the face and not less than nine inches deep ; each course shall break joints not less than six inches with the courses adjoining ; the thick- ness of joints shall not exceed three-quarter inches. The arches shall be backed from the haunches with rubble work, laid flush, in cement mortar. The ring stone at the ends shall be rock faced. The abutment walls, wing walls, parapet and sunk walls shall be built of broken range work, such as described under that head ; the parapets and wings shall be capped with selected stones, pro- jecting four inches beyond face of walls, not less than six inches thick and eighteen inches long, and extending through the entire width of the coping course with paraded joints. The joints and beds of the coping course shall be hammer dressed. BROKEN RANGE WORK. Broken range masonry shall be built of stones not less than 4 inches thick, well bonded and laid flush in cement mortar. No' stone shall measure less than 1 y 2 square foot on the bed and yi at least must be headers extending through the entire thickness of wall when the same does not exceed 18 inches. All stones must be square-faced and break joints not less than 6 inches with those ad- joining. The face -joints shall not be less than 6 inches deep — joints and beds shall not exceed ^ inches in thickness. No spalls shall be allowed in the beds and face-joints. The masonry shall be capped with selected stones of the entire width of coping course, of uniform thickness, not less than 6 inches. They shall have dressed beds and joints. STONE PAVING. Stone paving shall be built with selected stones from 8 to 12 inches deep and not less than 3 inches thick, roughly squared at the To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 167 ends and laid dry or flush in good cement mortar as the engineer may direct. CONCRETE. Concrete shall be composed by actual measurement of four measures of broken stone of uniform size measuring not more than two inches in any direction, free from clay and well screened, two measures of sand and one measure of cement, all well mixed on a plank bed and well rammed in place in layers as directed by the engineer. DRAIN PIPE. None but double strength, vitrified stone pipe of the best qual- ity and manufacture shall be used. The pipes shall be laid on a solid foundation carefully shaped to fit the pipe and covered with a good bed of cement mortar. The joints shall be completely filled with cement mortar. The ends of the pipe must be carefully set in a wall of brick or stone of approved shape and size and pro- tected with a covering of earth not less than 2 feet thick. GENERAL. All showing joints of all classes of masonry shall be neatly pointed with rich cement mortar. No masonry shall be laid in freezing weather without permis- sion from the engineer. The foundations for all masonry shall be carried to such depths as the engineer may direct, and prepared with a bed of concrete or a timbei platform if required. The timber used shall be white oak free from sap and of all defects affecting its strength or durability. PRICES AND MEASUREMENTS. In bidding contractors must put in a price for every item of work named in the form of proposals furnished to them. The measurement of pipes for payment will be the actual lineal measurement along the centre line of pipes after they are laid and without any allowance for extras for laps. The measurement of tunnel for payment shall be the actual length of tunnel from easterly face of east wall of shaft to outside face of closing wall at west end of tunnel. The measurement of shaft for payment shall be the actual depth 168 Final Report 0} the Engineer of shaft curbing from top of belting course to the bottom of foun- dation of wall. The prices to be paid per foot for laying pipes shall be for the pipes laid and covered, including all the special castings other than valves, with all the work incidental thereto complete, excepting masonry, tunnel and shaft. The prices to be paid for setting valves shall include their cartage from the railroad depot in Covington or Newport, and the cartage and setting of their foundations, curbs, covers and fittings, with all the work incidental thereto complete, excepting masopry. The prices to be paid per cubic yard for all classes of masonry and per thousand feet b. m. of timber in foundations shall be for the material furnished and set in position with all the work incidental thereto. In the classification of arch and culvert masonry, only the masonry of arch proper above the spring line, of arch with the the rubble backing at the haunches shall be paid as arch masonry, the parapet, abutments, wing and sunk walls shall be paid as broken range work and the concrete and paving as concrete and paving. The price to be paid per lineal foot of tunnel shall be for the tunnel complete, including masonry and all other work incidental thereto. The price to be paid per lineal foot of shaft shall be for the shaft complete, including masonry, ladder and all other work inci- dental thereto. The price to be paid for the entrance house shall be for the house complete, with roof, doors, windows and all other work incidental thereto. The said several prices shall also cover and include all the costs of trenching, blasting, excavation, bailing, pumping, shoring, centering, filling, and back filling, sodding, fencing, lighting, notices, guards, watchmen, repairs and restoration and all the materials, tools and labor necessary for, or incidental to, the construction and maintenance of the work until it is completed and accepted under the provisions of this contract and these specifications. GENERAL CONDITIONS. The opening of the trenches, the laying of the pipes, and the setting and connecting of their appendages shall be proceeded with at such time and at such places as the Engineer shall direct. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 169 OBSERVANCE OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS. In all operations connected with the work all laws, ordinances and regulations controlling or limiting in any way the action of those engaged on the work shall be respected and observed. SUB-LETTING AND TRANSFERS. The contractor shall not sub-let, assign, or transfer this con- tract, or any part thereof, to any person or persons without the consent of the Trustees. COMPETENT WORKMEN. He shall give his personal supervision to the work, and shall employ competent workmen and experienced mechanics, skilled in the several works assigned to them. He shall immediately dis- charge on request of the Engineer any of his employes considered by said Engineer as incompetent or disorderly, and shall not again employ him upon the works. ORDERS CONCERNING THE WORK. In the absence of the contractor from any part of the work the Engineer shall give his orders respecting that work to whomsoever may be in charge of or executing said work, and said order shall be respected and obeyed. CHANGES. The Trustees shall have the right to make without violating this contract any change in location, grade, alignment, form and dimension of the trenches, tunnels, shafts, pipes, and appendages, and to increase or diminish the quantities of the work to be done as the interest of the city of Covington may in their judgment require, if the character of the work is also changed thereby and rendered more costly, the Engineer shall estimate and determine the amount which should fairly and equitably be allowed to the contractor, and the same shall be accepted by the contractor without any claim for anticipated profits on the work that may be dispensed with. EXTRA WORK. I The value of any extra work shall be likewise estimated and determined by the Engineer. 170 Final Report of the Engineer No claim for extra work shall be made or allowed unless the work shall have been done in compliance with a written order from the Trustees or the Engineer. All claims for extra work shall be made in writing before the payment of the succeeding estimate after the work is performed, failing to make such claim the same shall be considered as abandoned by the contractor. REJECTED MATERIAL. The contractor shall promptly remove all rejected material to such distance as may in the judgment of the Engineer be sufficient to prevent its being used in the work. DEFECTIVE WORK. All defective work shall be promptly taken down by the con- tractor on the order from the Engineer to that effect, and rebuilt properly at his own expense. RATES OF PROGRESS. The rate of progress of the work at all times must be such as to insure its completion within the limit of time specified. Should the same appear insufficient in the opinion of the Engineer, he shall have the right to order such increase in the working forces as he may think necessary. SUSPENSION OF WORK. The contractor shall without any claim for damages or extra compensation, suspend the work when he shall be ordered to do so by the Engineer, by reason of inclement weather, or for other causes. EXTENSION OF CONTRACT TIME. But if his work be delayed by reason of non-delivery of pipes or valves, failure to procure right of way, or other acts of the Trus- tees, he shall be entitled to a reasonable extension of time for the completion of his work, and the Engineer shall estimate and deter- mine the length of such extension, but the contractor shall have no claim for damages on account of such delays. To the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir. 171 LIABILITIES AND RISKS. The contractor assumes all risks arising from the weather, acci- dents and causualities of all kinds. He shall pay all damages to persons and properties and repair at his own cost all damages that may occur to the work until it is completed entirely and accepted by the Engineer. He shall further maintain at his own cost in a good perfect and water tight condition, all parts of the work for a period of six months after its acceptance by the Engineer. SPECIFICATIONS DEFINED. The meaning and intent of these specifications shall be defined by the Engineer and his decision thereon shall be final and binding upon the parties thereto. * CONVICT LABOR. No convict labor shall be employed on the work. ENGINEER DEFINED. Wherever the word Engineer is mentioned in this contract it shall be taken to mean the chief Engineer for the Trustees. FORM OF PROPOSAL. The undersigned hereby certify that they have personally and carefully examined the grounds on the located line of pipe for the Covington New Water works, also that they have carefully examined the map, profile and plans and carefully read the annexed specifica- tions and form of contract. Having made such examination, the undersigned hereby pro- pose to the Trustees of the Covington Reservoir to do all the works specified according to the conditions and specifications aforesaid, and on the acceptance of this proposal hereby bind themselves to enter into and execute a contract for the work at the following prices. These prices are to be in full compensation for performing said work and for guaranteeing their permanancy and durability as pro- vided in the contract and specifications. 172 Final Report of the Engineer PRICES. Pipe laying per lineal foot com- « plete 30 inches diameter $ 1 18 inches diameter 12 inches diameter r _ 8 inches diameter [ 6 inches diameter Setting stop [ 3° inches in diameter — 3 and blow J I2 inches in diameter 2 off valves, « each, complete. 8 inches in diameter. 6 inches in diameter. 75 80 5 ° 35 30 50 00 5 ° 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Setting air valves, each, complete 4 Tunnel per lineal foot, complete. •_ 28 Shaft per lineal foot, complete 15 Stone arch culvert masonry, per cubic yard 9 Broken range masonry, per cubic yard 6 Brick arch culvert masonry, per cubic yard 9 Brick masonry, per cubic yard 7 Brick paving, per cubic yard 6 Stone paving in cement, per cubic yard 4 Stone paving dry, per cubic yard 3 Concrete, per cubic yard 5 Dry masonry, per cubic yard 5 f 24 inches diameter 3 Drainpipes, j jg j nc h es diameter 2 00 per lineal ! . . ,. foot 1 12 inc hes diameter 1 complete j 6 inches diameter ^ 4 inches diameter Broken stone in foundation, per cubic yard 2 Timber in foundation, per 1,000 feet, B. M 40 Building entrance house complete 100 Setting 18 valves, each 3 Signature, McRAY & LALLEY, by JOHN M. LALLEY. Address, Detroit, Mich., or Lockport, N. Y. 5o 2 5 5 ° 35 5o 00 00 00 Date, July 17, 1887.