finmr'^'^'^-'*'-^'^'^'^'^^'^' KNIGHTS OFCOLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ^^>'^^f %sS^i'>5''' W'f*'*^- ' ii-i LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN IN MEMORY OF STEWART S. HOWE JOURNALISM CLASS OF 1928 STEWART S. HOWE FOUNDATION 366 T37k c p o ?' I.H.S ^ ^ ^ H>^ : CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, DISCOVERER (Bartholdl) [Aftei- the Silver Statue wrought and exhilnted by the Gorham Company at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago. Coloring as per H. A. Ogden, considered the greatest living authority on questions of costume, and adopted by Yale University in the picturization of •■Columbus" in TJic Chronicles of America series. The authority of Irvine Berdine Riehman is cited, where in his The Spanish Conquerors ' (Chronicles of America series) he says that Columbus came ashore at San Salvador "clad in armour over which * * * he had thrown the crimson robe of an admiral of Castile." Courtesies of Yale University, of the Gorham Company and of Spaulding Jewelry Company are gratefully acknowledged.] Knights of Columbus in Illinois First Twenty-Five Years A HISTORY OF THE Knights of Columbus IN ILLINOIS BY JOSEPH J. THOMPSON, LL. D. Past State Deputy of Illinois PREPARED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL OF THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS UNIVERSAL PRESS, CHICAGO Regan Printing House Chicago ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS, 1921 Right Reverend Peter J. Muldoon, D.D., State Chaplain Edward Houlihan, State Deputy Henry J. Lynch, State Secretary Sidney W. Ring, State Treasurer Phillip A. Gibbons, State Advocate James A. Coen, State Warden PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Edward Houlihan Patrick L. McArdle LeRoy Hackett Louis E. Sauter William N. Brown ADVISORY COMMITTEE Rt. Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, D.D., State Chaplain Thomas S. Keirnan, Past State Deputy Henry J. Lynch, State Secretary John T. Lillis, President Home Finding Association Jeremiah A. Kennelly, President Chicago Chapter Jerome J. Crowley, Master LaSalle Assembly. Fourth Degree 2 (^ >^ ^i COAT OP ARMS ASSIGNED CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS BY THE SPANISH MONARCHS. Inscription : To Castile and Leon Columbus gave a new world. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Foreword 7 I. The Chureh and the Order 11 II. Origin, Character and Development of the Order 28 III. The Insurance System 51 IV. Historic Knighthood 71 V, Columbus the Protonym 91 VI. Establishment of the Order in Illinois — Pioneer Councils — Thomas 8. Keirnan and Patrick L. McArdle, State Deputies 110 VII. Councils Instituted Under the Direction of State Deputies — Joseph J. Thompson and Lewis Edward 8auter 211 VIII. Councils Instituted Under the Direction of State Deputies — James Maker, LeBoy Hack- ett, William N. Brown and Edward Houlihan 299 IX. The Illinois State Council 375 X. The Chicago Chapter 427 XI. The Fourth Degree 472 XII. The Ceremonials of the Knights of Columbus and Some Able Exponents Thereof 500 XIII. Occasional, Incidental and Related Activitias. . 527 XIV. War— Responding to the Call— The Roll of Honor 574 XV. Twentieth Century Heroism 661 XVI. War Work ] 716 XVII. War Workers 767 XVIII. Post War Activities 859 FOREWORD It is barely possible that had there been no world war this attempt to write the history of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois would not have been made. The part taken by the Knights of Columbus in the war made it imperative, however, that some permanent record be compiled. A study of the contents of this volume will induce the con- viction that it would have been a great misfortune to leave untold that part of the story which has no relation to the war, since, although the war story is concededly pretty fully told, yet it covers but four chapters, while fourteen chapters are required to detail the general record of the Order. It is believed that readers, including members of the Order, will be surprised with reference to the volume of activities mentioned in the various chapters, the aggregate of which would hardly be anticipated by the most enthusiastic. Another occasion of surprise, especially to non-members, will be the discovery that the endeavors of the Order have almost exclusively been directed to the benefit of non-members, the public, the state, and the nation. If anyone had hoped to convict the Order, or its members, of selfishness or exclusive- ness, he will find nothing in this unembellished record of facts to sustain any such charge. Throughout its history the Order has translated the old familiar word ''fraternity," once em- ployed as the chief inspiration of co-operative societies to mean "service," and has measured all its activities by that term. Again, if anyone hoped to find evidence of the existence of a cult, secret or exclusive, in any sense, teaching fixed doctrines or holding isms, such an one is doomed to even greater disap- pointment. There is no such thing as Columbianism or Co- 7 8 FOREWORD lumbianology. There are no Columbian doctrines, and no Order of Knighthood, sacred or profane, and all expressions indicating anything of the sort are loose and meaningless, and find no place in this volume. Likewise, the "Brother Knight," "Sir Knight," "Beloved Brethren" and similar expressions are excluded from the volume, on the ground that they represent no feature of the Order or its endeavors. The two outstanding characteristics of a Knight of Columbus are dutiful membership in the Catholic Church, and loyal citi- zenship. The first covers all spiritual considerations, and the second all civil requirements. The Knights of Columbus hold no other principles, and differ from other Christians and citi- zens only in acting in concert with reference to certain under- takings, for and within the scope of Christian endeavor and civic progress. An intimate association of nearly a quarter of a century, not alone with the body of the membership, but with the most prominent and effective proponents of the Order has served but to increase my admiration for the men who have co- operated in the great undertakings described in this volume. I have been eye witness to practically everything that has been accomplished by the Order, and in some of the under- takings, an inconspicuous but actual actor. From the begin- ning I took the Order and its endeavors seriously, and as age approaches my good opinion of its results and possibilities has not waned, I am pleased that there are many men, like my^ self, approaching the age of greater maturity, that are not ashamed to be detected in maintaining a live interest in the Order's work. This continuity of interest means more, I be- lieve, than individual constancy. To my mind it is a proof of the solidity of the purposes and attainments of the Order, The preparation of this volume was, of course, a joint undertaking. It is well understood that no one member could possibly possess all of the required information to make up an approximately complete record; and officers and members FOREWORD 9 were expected to, and in reality did, furnish the information in their possession. To all those my gratitude and that of the Order is due ; to the State Officers, the District Deputies and Grand Knights especially should thanks be rendered. The Supreme Officers also assisted, and with respect to war work the chaplains and secretaries, and the parents and friends of the service men, as well as many of the service men themselves, are entitled to our gratitude. The Columbian, the official paper of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois, was a veritable mine of information, without which it would have been impossible to prepare the record with anything approaching the accuracy attained. The writer realizes that there are many shortcomings, some serious defects, and, no doubt, numerous errors in the volume, but these are not the result of the want of earnest ef- forts to avoid them. Perhaps no book was ever prepared under the eyes of as many people as was this. As was provided by the resolutions adopted by the State Convention, all of the matter was submitted to a committee, consisting of the present State Deputy and four Past State Deputies. Everything that concerned the Church was submitted to the archdiocesan cen- sor ; everything that concerned the Chicago Chapter was sub- mitted to the President of the Chapter; everything that con- cerned the Fourth Degree was submitted to the Masters of the Fourth Degree. In like manner, everything that was written about the councils was submitted to the councils. If, there- fore, errors still appear they are as much the result of indiffer- ence as of ignorance. It is believed, however, that no matter how defective the book may be, readers will recognize it as a plain attempt to set down the record of the order without bias or favor, and if it may be said of the book that it is in all respects fair, then the author will be content. Several artists, members of the Order, have contributed of their time and talents to add to the attractiveness of this volume. Mr. Thomas A. 'Shaughnessy and Mr. Louis 10 1^X)REW0R1) IMiili|)|), fh'., iiijidc llii- (lriiwiii|jjs I'or llic cdvcr (h'sifjfii. Mi". rhili|)|» .•il.s(( iii,'i(l(> Hh- (lr;i\viii^s Tor llic cnildcnis of llui State (ioimcil ;iii(l ol" llir ( 'liicjij^o ( Iliiiplcr, the ( loliiiiihiis sphere, till! I*'()iiilli I )e}4i'ee (lecor.H ion ;iii(l 1 luit of I lie ( 'iitliolic l*\)iiii(|ji- tioii. Mr. rioliii W. I'uekley (lesij;iies: MotTelt, Matzene, \Vallin<;('r, Melvin II. Sykes aiul La v(M'.elia,. The enj^i'avin^s thi()n<;hoid. Ihe volnnn^ are I'l-oni IIh; studio ol! (jenr}^e A. hidieau, (li'and l\ni«j:ht of Tonii (!()Uiicil. J. J. T. CllAl'TEU i TT[Kririnir:ir and tftk order To H«jrv() witliiii our pl.'ici; :iiiv |);irl.ly of I Im; hiily, it. is Jiot, h.'icd to understntMJ th not directly responsible brought an approval from the sacred congregation of the Holy Office. In 1908 Dr. Santiago Kelly, a prominent citizen of the Argentine Republic, by authority of the Knights of Columbus instituted a council of the Order in Buenos Aires with 119 charter members. After the council was instituted some ob- jection was raised, and the Archbishop, Most Rev. Mariano A. Espinosa, appealed to Rome to learn if there were any ob- jections to the Knights of Columbus. On September 3, 1911, the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office approved the Order as established in the United States of North America. The decision was transmitted to Msgr. Locatelli, Internuncio in Argentina, and a copy forwarded by Cardinal Rampolla to the Apostolic Delegate, Msgr. Diomede Falconio in the United States. Thereupon Msgr. Falconio wrote Supreme Knight, James A. Flaherty, stating that the Sacred Congregation had had the matter under consideration and had advised the Arch- bishop of Buenos Aires that the decision left the matter of establishing councils in the South American Republics to the conscience and prudence of the local bishops. Msgr. Falconio 4. Columbian, October 14, 1910, p. 2. THE CHURCH AND THE ORDER 17 added: "By this decision it is clearly seen that the Sacred Congregation finds nothing objectionable in the rules of the Society of the Knights of Columbus."'' On the occasion of the visit of the Metz pilgrims to the Vatican on August 28, 1920, His Holiness, Pope Benedict XV, extended a warm welcome and in the course of His allocution said: ' ' Eeason of sweet comfort and occasion of great hope is Our lot today in receiving into Our presence so numerous and so select a representa- tion of the Association of the Knights of Columbus of the United States of America, come here to pay homage, through Our humble person, to the glorious dignity with which We are clothed, as the Vicar of Christ on earth. It is always indeed a pleasure to see Our children around Us, but it is a very special source of happiness to have before Us today the representatives of that noble society which We know has already acquired such merit in the Catholic Church, and its great country, America. "We are well aware of all that the Knights of Columbus have done for many years past in the different fields of human activity. Who is there who does not know of the great help they gave to the Catholic University of Washington, founding there numerous courses of study for Catholic young men? And certainly we cannot but repeat the well-de- served praise which our predecessor of venerated memory bestowed on that initiative as being both in appearance and in fact well deserving of re- ligion and of true culture. Further, we remember the unfailing help that the Knights of Columbus gave both to Bishops and parish priests for the carrying out of their pastoral ministry. It is this valuable help which often makes possible works of beneficence, and surely it can be said that the names of the efficacious helpers should be written in the book of eternal life by the side of the founders of the works of beneficence they supported. Nor can we possibly pass over in silence the provident and charitable activity of the Knights of Columbus during the recent war, not only in the United States, but in aU the countries afflicted by the terrible calamity, the memory of which is still vivid. That activity gained the praise and admiration not only of Catholics, but of all of good heart, without distinction of faith or nationality, and not only from simple citizens, but from governments. And shall not what they have said find echo from us, who, while we could not arrest the awful scourge, set before Ourself the noble purpose of at least mitigating its consequences? 5. Hiberno — ArgctUine Revivio, Buenos Aires, Jan. 27, 1911, quoted in Columhian, April 21, 1911. p. 1. 18 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS "These abundantly consoling fruits of the work of the Association of the Knights of Columbus are to be attributed above all, in our opinion, to the intensely religious spirit which inspires the beloved association itself and causes in each and every one of its members that clear cut, open and entire profession and practice of the Catholic religion which does so much to make the individual morally honorable, and socially useful. And that is why the Knights of Columbus, besides being a magnificent example to their brethren in the faith, are also the best citizens. Truly they deserve to be honored with the name of knight — a name which, in the Middle Ages, was the hallmark of an institution among whose aims were respect for and the defense of the Church, and care and love for the weak and poor. Specially significant and honorable for you, too, beloved children, is the name of that great pioneer of civilization and apostle of faith, our fellow citizen, Christopher Columbus, who loved to call himself and write himself down as "Columbus, Bearer of Christ," Columbus Christum Ferens. "Eeadily we recognize that a field as vast as it is fertile, is open for your work in the great American Eepublic, whose boast it is to have based its public order on the fullest liberty and mutual respect. Such conditions must necessarily favor the life of your institution, but it is through your spirit of initiative and fruitful activity that it has devel- oped, and therefore we have all reason to hope that the Knights of Co- lumbus will extend and intensify to even greater good their work, main- taining it — as there is no reason to doubt — in due reverence and sincere attachment towards the Episcopate, which on its side has always shown its sympathy for every undertaking fruitful of good. We are sure, too, that the Knights of Columbus will never depart from that wise course of conduct which they have always followed hitherto, of not identifying their programme with any other programme of a political character. Indeed, we believe that therein lies the secret of the sympathy that they have gained on all sides and which has assured their magnificent success in every field of action. An old principle teaches that good spreads itself, and it is not surprising, therefore, that while still doing so much fruit- ful work in their beloved country, the Knights of Columbus have thought of extending their efforts to Italy, too, and in special manner to this city of Rome, dear above all cities to our hearts. "We welcome you, Knights of Columbus, to the Holy City. For in- deed, here, under our very eyes, a shameful propaganda is trying to rob our children nearest to us of the most precious heritage left them by their forefathers, the Catholic Faith. There is a very network of endeavor to that shameful end. They are trying to attract our young men, who are inclined to the pleasures of sport into associations which, THE CHURCH AND THE ORDER 19 while they give facilities for satisfying that inclination^ tend to make insidious attacks in the hearts of the young men on the sacred treasure of Catholic principles. They relieve material distress and at the same moment steal a patrimony of the faith. You, noble Knights of Columbus, are not ignorant of the work of propaganda of which we speak, and we glory in the hope that in conformity with the aims of your associa- tion you will set your good proj^aganda here in Eome, against the wicked propaganda, which to our sorrow, we see so widely spread in this dear city. There is another field of competition before you. May the struggle bring you as much merit as it brings us hope. "But that our hope may not be brought to naught, and that your merits may be copious, we turn to Him who holds in His hands the hearts of men, and we pray Him to give strength and comfort to the association of the Knights of Columbus in their noble work. May the Lord bless the Supreme Knight of the deserving association, and may He bless every knight belonging to it. May the blessing of the Lord strength- en concord among them, co-ordinate and multiply the efforts of good-will common to all. And a pledge of these things so much to be desired be the Apostolic Benediction which we impart from our hearts, repeating to you once more how great reason of sweet comfort and occasion of glad hope is your presence here today. "6 Cardinal Gibbons, always the friend of the Order, wrote a special article for the Columbiad, in which he expressed un- qualified approval and made special reference to the true pa- triotism of the members. On this subject His Eminence said : "The Knights of Columbus are a superb refutation of that traditional calumny some hundred or so years of dishonorable age, that Catholicity and Americanism are incompatible; an indignant protest against this shameless aspersion upon the character of American Catholics in the face of the exemplary political and religious life of a quarter of a million voters. Whilst devoted children of the Church, they yield to none ai love of country. It is a fact visible to all but the wilfully blind that they are absolutely untrammeled by their clerical authorities in the exercise of their political duties and functions. Their principle in such matters is the principle enunciated by Christ Himself, Who was likewise accused of political disloyalty in making Himself superior to Caesar, name- ly, 'Give to God the things that are God's, and to Caesar the things that are Caesar's.' "^ 6. Reddin, Knights of Columbus Pilgrimage, 1920, pp. 38-39. 7. CohimUan, Dec. 12, 1913, p. 10. THE CHURCH AND THE ORDER 21 When the Knights of Columbus first came to Illinois the saintly Archbishop, Most Rev. Patrick Augustine Feehan, D. D., in his declining years, in his quiet manner, permitted the establishment of the Order, and through his representatives lent the necessary support and encouragement. HIS EMINENCE JAMES CARDINAL GIBBONS MOST REVEREND JOHN LANCASTER SPALDING, D.D. He was succeeded in 1902 by the great churchman, Most Rev. James Edward Quigley, D, D., who quietly took notice of all the activities of the Knights of Columbus, and with his keen and penetrating judgment appraised the Order. The Knights of Columbus always felt that they had Archbishop Quigley 's earnest approval, and this judgment is sustained by his expressions, the most noted of which perhaps was a brief address made by him in Holy Name Cathedral, May 13, 1912, 22 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS RIGHT REVEREND EDMUND M. DUNNE, D.D. RIGHT REVEREND EDWARD F. HOBAN, D.D. RIGHT REVEREND JOHN JANSSEN, D.D. RIGHT REVEREND HENRY A. ALTHOFP, D.D. THE CHURCH AND THE ORDER 23 in the presence of the delegates to the State Convention of the Illinois State Council, held in the Auditorium Hotel, Chicago. After preliminary remarks His Grace said : "I do not know that I have ever appeared before or addressed a body of the Kniglits of Cohimbus. I have never been in a Council of the Kniglits of Columbus. The Order came up and grew and prospered whilst I was a busy priest in a populous parish, and whilst I was a busy bishop, as every bishop is throughout the United States, busy, but all that time I observed it very closely as far as I could from without, co- operated with it in all its works, and in all the Order's endeavors it had my best wishes and my co-operation. "Now you have assumed in the country, and in the Church in this country, an unusual importance, and you are very close to the Church, and being very close to the Church, you are very dear to the Church also. You have begun to participate in the triumphs and persecutions of the Church. The nearer you come to the Church, the more you will rejoice in its triumphs, and the nearer you come to the Church the more you will have to bear this age-long persecution which the Church has been obliged to bear, and which it will have to bear to the end of time, because the Founder prophesied not the triumphs and the joys of the Church, but defeats and persecutions most terrible through which would come final victory. That you appreciate much of the situation in the Church, and in the country today, and that you will be equal to it in every respect I have no doubt, for you have so far shown that you are good practical Catholics. I hear that of you everywhere. In going about this large city, there is nothing that gives me greater solace or pleasure than my association as bishop with the Knights of Columbus. I meet them everywhere as my escort upon all important occasions, and their presence on those occasions not only delights and consoles me, but they are an encouragement also, and I might say, an inspiration to our people. "There is one thing particularly which is beginning to give me more than ordinary consolation and courage, and that is that the Knights of Columbus are becoming the society best adapted to our young men in our present social, religious and public life. Only a week ago last Sun- day, I attended a public demonstration on the part of the Knights of Columbus, and as I passed through their files, nearly a mile long, I no- ticed that their ranks were made up of young Catholic men between the ages of 18 and 25; that is the class of young men which the Church has always found it difficult to care for, most difficult to guide and most difficult to control; and nevertheless, the future of the Church and the 24 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS future of society, 1 might say, in this country, depends upon young men of that age just entering upon manliood, putting off their puerilities of young manhood and childhood, putting off the things of youth and taking on the things of manhood, as the Apostle Paul says it. "And what a blessing it is that God has raised up amongst us a society peculiarly adapted to take care of our young men. We know that outside of the Church immense efforts, astounding efforts, are being made to obtain control over this class of people in society, young men, because in the young man is all our future, religious and political, and whatever success is to come, religious, political or social, must come finally through them, and therefore, I liope you will give your attention more and more to that task. "We have many excellent organizations of men and women in the Church that are national, whose membership runs into hundreds of thou- sands, but they have their special work and they are doing that most excellently and to the great gratification of the Church. Now I believe if there is one thing in particular which your society is adapted to, it is this work amongst the young men, and therefore, in your councils and in your conventions give some attention to it. We bishops and priests have tried to do it for years, and I must say we have not proved in the work a very great success. ' ' I remember thirty years ago — forty years ago, a universal movement in the country to take hold of the young men in all our large cities; this movement was headed by bishops and priests, and young men's Catholic associations were established, buildings put up, now they are empty; the whole movement proved abortive, lasted only a time and melted away. God had not evidently at that time revealed to the Church the right way of handling and caring for and controlling the young men at that period of their lives when they are most effectively moved for good, and when they are most effectively impressed by evil. And therefore, in looking over our societies and organizations the Knights of Colimibus seem to have adapted themselves to the betterment of the young men, in this large city of Chicago, for it is possible for you through your organization to cover the whole city in such a manner as to engage in your work, the work of the Church, and for the betterment of society, and of the young men. The best class of young men, the most intelligent young men and the best disposed of the young men, have all joined your organization, and are working shoulder to shoulder with you for the Church, for society, and the betterment and advancement in every way of our Catholic men. . . . "I hope Almighty God will bless you in this convention, and that THE CHURCH AND THE ORDER 25 whatever you do will redound to the glory of God and the advancement of His Church and your individual betterment in every way. "s The remarks of Archbishop Quigley anent his escort throughout his diocese were in a sense prophetic of the funeral procession of the great prelate. The section of that procession given over to the Knights of Columbus, including the Fourtli Degree unit, was the most notable of the great cortege. The present Archbishop, Most Rev. George William Mundelein, D, D., lost no time in expressing to the Knights of Columbus his confidence in them. Within less than a month after assuming his Arch-Episcopal See he had assigned a task to the Fourth Degree Assembly, and in exactly one month to a day he appeared before 800 members of the Order from Cook County, meeting under the auspices of the Chicago Chapter, and spoke to them as follows : "As I stand before you I am reminded that I have been in Chicago just one month today. On my way to this city I was asked what my policy would be, and I replied that I never crossed a bridge until I came to it. Now I have crossed the bridge, and I know what my policy is to be. . . . ' ' The Christian Knights of old were ever faithful and loyal to their chiefs, and so you modern knights must follow your bishop as your leader into personal danger and sacrifice and discomfort whenever I ask re- ligious and charitable aid of you. And for this I offer you a reward — ^not such a reward as will appeal to the worldly, but the reward promised by the Savior when He said, "Come, ye blessed of My Father, inherit the Kingdom, prepared for you from the foundation of the world.' "9 This was not by any means the only expression of confi- dence on the part of Archbishop Mundelein. When the war came to America and the Knights of Columbus girded on their armour His Grace stood squarely beside them in all their efforts to do for the men in the service. With his voice and pen he joined in the drives and in every way gave his powerful assistance. When the war was over he entered enthusiastically 8. Columbian, May 16. 1912. pp. 1-2. 9. Cohimhian, March 17, 1916. 26 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS into the plans of the Order for a large increase in the member- ship. In this connection His Grace wrote State Deputy Ed- ward Houlihan in part as follows : "Archdiocese of Chicago, "My Dear Mr. Houlihan: "Chancery Office, April 25, 1919. "When the world war came they (Knights of Columbus) proved a God-send for the Catholic Church in this country, for, the authorities of both our Church and our country had at hand a national organization which was ready and able to look after the recreational needs of our Catholic soldiers and sailors, and to be of splendid assistance to the chaplains in their work in the army and navy. "It is because of the services this organization has so faithfully rendered ever since the war began that, as the head of one of the coun- try's most important churches, I desire to express my appreciation and to encourage them at the same time in their efforts to increase their member- ship. For I feel quite sure that these same services so successfully rendered in war time will benefit the organization itself and henceforth render the Knights of Columbus just as desirous of being in peace time the leaders in religious and charitable work in this diocese and wherever else they may be as strong in membership and in influence as they are here. ' * Sincerely yours in Christ, " (Signed) George W. Mundelein, "Archbishop of Chicago. "lo The several bishops of the Province also have extended to the Knights of Columbus a welcome to their dioceses. The venerable Bishop James Ryan, of Alton, has always lent his encouragement. The late lamented Archbishop John Lan- caster Spalding was a firm friend of the Knights of Columbus, and was in return idolized by the members of the Order. The late Bishop Janssen, though doubtful of the propriety of intro- ducing the Order into his diocese, became before his death friendly to the Order. The great strong Bishop of Rockford, Rt. Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, was always an ardent friend of the Order, and has for many years been the State Chaplain, and most beloved officer of the State Council. Rt. Rev. Edmund 10. Cohimlian, AprU 25, 1919. THE CHURCH AND THE ORDER 27 M. Dunne, of the Diocese of Peoria, is relied upon by the offi- cers and members of the Order in his diocese as their strongest support and wisest counsellor. Rt. Rev. Henry A, Althof, of the Diocese of Belleville, has at all times since his elevation to the head of that See assisted the officers and members of the Order in his diocese with his wise counsel and extended influ- ence. Rt. Rev. Edward F. Hoban recently consecrated Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago as priest, as Chancellor and Bishop, has always been a firm friend of the Order. The priests in general throughout the state are members of the Order and ever since its introduction here have been very helpful in its spread and development. The priest chaplains of the local councils are accorded the highest respect and the pastors and assistants are consulted in all important move- ments. Indeed, the Knights of Columbus are very apprecia- tive of the good will of the clergy, importing as it does the approval of the Church. CHAPTER II ORIGIN, CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORDER The Knights of Columbus didn't "just happen." It has frequently been said that the founders of the Order ' * builded better than they knew ' ' and it may be that the Order has already grown or shall develop beyond the fondest dreams of its promoters, but no one who knew and appreciated "Dan" Colwell and the little coterie of close associates, including Father Michael J. McGivney, will maintain that their aims and hopes did not en- compass a great nation-wide association, capable of anything good upon which it would concentrate its energies.^ In New Haven, Connecticut, no less than in many other growing American communities in the last quarter of the Nine- teenth Century, was felt the need for an association of Catholic men, clean cut and clear of all suspicion of lack of patriotism, absolutely divorced from politics, and observing undying fidel- ity to Holy Mother Church. Colwell and his friends talked about such a society. They canvassed the existing societies. The possibility of combin- ing with or constructing an imitation of the Catholic Order of Foresters of Massachusetts was duly considered, and, in the end, rejected. There was some experimenting with a local social organization, familiarly known as the "Red Knights," and there is a story that an attempt was made to revive this 1. Rev. Michael J. McGivney, even before the organization was completed, published and heralded broadcast a comprehensive circular announcing the formation of the society as "one of the most impo^'tant events In the annals of American Catholicity," Knights of Columhus in Peace and War, Vol. I, p. 56. 28 ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 29 organization and revamp it for the ends sought, and it is here perhaps that Father McGivney first came into close contact with the little group endeavoring to evolve a suitable plan.^ It is pleasant to reflect that a worthy military organiza- tion, the Sarsfield Guard, comprising Company " C " of the Sec- ond Regiment Connecticut National Guard, and which had the unpleasant experience of being one of the military organizations ordered to disband by a bigoted Governor of Connecticut, be- cause it was composed of Irish men, or the sons of Irish men, figured in the origin of the Knights of Columbus. Due to the courage of Adjutant-General John C. Hollister the Irish units of the Connecticut Militia were not disbanded, and the Civil War coming on the Sarsfield Guard was revived, and did its full share in that great conflict. After the close of the war this military body became well known for its social entertainments, and it was at one of these, after a military review, that James T. Mullen, F. 0. S., of the Guard, suggested an impromptu initiation for Sergeant F. P. Duffy, who had left the hall on an errand. When Sergeant Duffy returned, he was seized and put through a burlesque process of initiation, upon completion of which he was dubbed a Red Knight. It was thus that the ' * Red Knights ' ' originated, and it was by means of initiations of the character that Sergeant Duffy underwent that the Red Knights attained some temporary popularity. Having no seri- ous purpose, however, the interest waned, and the Red Knights became but a memory.^ The first meeting of which we have any account at which the launching of an organization to meet the hopes and aspira- tions of the men who eventually organized the Knights of Columbus, was held in the year 1881, in the office of Cornelius T. Driscoll and Daniel Colwell in New Haven.* There were 2. KtUffhts of Columiua in Peace and War, Vol. I, p. 51. 3. /b. id.. The Red Knights flourished from 1874 to 1880 ; Columbian, October, 1909. 4. Meetings were held in oflice of Daniel Colwell, then a constable, 157 Church street, New Haven ; Columbian, October 15, 1909, p. 3. See also "Tfie Knights of Columbus" in The Cross and the Fluff (1900), published by The Catholic Historical League of America, p. 107, et »eq. 30 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS several meetings and conferences within the next year or two, when the various considerations above alluded to were gone over. During the same period Father McGivney, who was assistant to Rev. P. P. Lawlor, Pastor of St. Mary's Parish, New Haven, had been not only watching the action of Colwell and his friends, but had himself been considering deeply the perplexing problem of meeting the demand for attractive asso- ciation of Catholic laymen. Father McGivney organized St, Joseph's Total Abstinence & Benevolent Society in the Parish, and although that organization was successful he saw plainly it would not answer the greater purpose. He talked with the men of his Parish, and encouraged consideration of the organ- ization of some kind of a general Catholic Society. He took the matter to his Bishop who encouraged him to think out and originate a strong lay organization.^ Having in mind what Colwell and his associates had done, he invited them to meet at the Parish House of St. Mary's on January 16, 1882, and on that date the most important step yet taken in the planning of the Knights of Columbus took place. There were present at the meeting, besides Father Mc- Givney, Daniel Colwell, James T. Mullen, John Tracy, Michael Tracy, William M. Geary, Cornelius T. Driscoll, John T. Ker- rigan, James T. McMahon and William H. Sellwood.'' These men were all members of St. Mary 's Parish. The question fore- most in the minds of all those present was the formation of a suitable Catholic society. As the result of the conference Father McGivney was commissioned to go to Boston and con- sult with the chief officers of the Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters regarding the establishment of a Catholic society. One week later, January 23, 1882, the same men again met with Father McGivney, who reported that the officers of the Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters proffered every as- sistance, but would not institute a branch of their organiza- tion in Connecticut. Thereupon it was unanimously decided 5. Knights of Columbus in Peace and War, p. 52. 6. n., p. 53. ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 31 that a new and independent organization be formed, and a committee, consisting of Father McGivney, James T. Mullen, John T. Kerrigan and J, T. McMahon was appointed to take preliminary steps. A name was proposed for the new organiza- tion at this meeting. It was ' ' The Connecticut Order of For- esters," but at subsequent meetings this name was rejected, and at the third conference Father McGivney proposed the name "Sons of Columbus." Mr. James T. Mullen sug- gested that the word "Knights" be substituted for Sons, and his suggestion was adopted, thus fixing the name of the Order as "Knights of Columbus."^ The next move was for legal incorporation of the society. Daniel Colwell was appointed to prepare the necessary peti- tion. In the preparation he was assisted by Hon. Cornelius T. Driscoll, then a member of the General Assembly of Con- necticut. Through the valuable assistance of Mr. Driscoll and Hon. H. P. Hotchkiss, a member of the House of Representa- tives of Connecticut, and Hon. A. E. Robertson, State Sena- tor, the act of incorporation was speedily passed, and a charter issued on March 29, 1882.« In the original charter IMichael J. McGivney, Mathew C. O'Connor, Cornelius T. Driscoll, James T. Mullen, John T. Kerrigan, Daniel Colwell and William M. Geary are named as incorporators. ** 7. lb., p. 53. 8. lb., p. 54. FOUNDERS OF THE ORDER 9. "To the heroic efforts and personal devotion of Father McGivney more than to any other person is due the fact that the Hierarchy of the Church gave to the Order its encouragement. At the time the Order was established, Father Lawlor was the Rector of St. Mary's Parish, New Haven, Conn., where he officiated from 1879 to 1886, and Father McGivney was a zealous young curate in the same parish. His enthusiasm and the sanction of Father Lawlor did much to advance the interests of the Order before it had secured a standing before the Church and throughout the Nation. Both these priests have since passed to their reward. Father Lawlor died on May 20, 1886, and Father McGivney on Aug. 14, 1898, in Thomaston, Conn., his remains being interred in Waterbury. They have gone, but the work they advanced will live long after them. James T. Mullen, the first Supreme Knight of the Order and one of its charter members, was the man who suggested the name of the Order. He really sacrificed his life in furthering the work of the Order in its early 32 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Reproduced from The Cross and the Flag (1900) THE FOUNDERS AND CHARTER MEMBERS OF THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS Daniel Colwell Rev. Michael J. McGivney Cornelius T. Driscoll William M. Geary Emblem of the Order John T. Kerrigan Matthew C. O'Connor, M.D. Rev. Patrick P. Lawler James T. Mullen ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 33 Throughout the conference two high purposes with refer- ence to the new organization were kept in mind by the pro- moters. They were : first, a system of government as nearly faultless as possible; and, secondly, a "ritual" or system of ceremonials, divided from the beginning into three sections, of a superior character. The formulation of the plan of govern- ment ; that is, the constitution, was entrusted to Father McGiv- ney, who was assisted by Messrs. Mullen, Geary and Kerrigan, while the preparation of the ' ' ritual ' ' was entrusted to Daniel Colwell, who conferred repeatedly with Father McGivney and Mr. lilullen.^" As these tasks were far from light ones, and /ut to be accomplished speedily, the work of organization was taken up without waiting for the final report of these im- portant committees. At a conference presided over by Father McGivney, held on April 3, 1882, a Committee of Investigation reported favor- ably upon the applications of eleven men to become members days. lie worked for its establishment and growth in season and out, traveling to all parts of the state in all kinds of weather, being np early and late in promoting its development. His strenuous efforts on its behalf were the cause of his last sickness. He passed away July 6, 1891. Mr. Mullen was a native of New Haven, an active business man of considerable force of character. While yet a boy he enlisted in the Civil War. He afterwards became a member of the famous Sarsfleld Guai-d and a Knight of St. I'atrick, and was a fire commissioner of the city of New Haven for thirteen years, and president of the Board of Fire Commissionera for a number of years. He also served as a member of the Board of Aldermen. Other charter members who rendered valued service to the Order were William M. Geary, Dr. Matthew <'. O'Connor, and John T. Kerrigan. Mr. Geary, at the time the Ordi'r was founded was employed in the town Agent's Office. He afterwards became (irand Knight of San Salvador Council. He has rendered most valued assistance to the Order in the Grand Secretary's office. Doctor O'Connor, a physician identified with New Haven's best interests, was graduated at St. Xavier's College and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City. He has held the positions of officer of the Board of Health, president of Knights of St. Patrick, vice president of the New Haven Medical Association, and Fellow of the Connecticut Medical Society. He was from the first active in advancing the interests of the Order of the Knights of Columbus, and held for three years the oflSce of Supreme Council Physician. John T. Kerrigan, one of the b(>st known post office men in the United States, having been connected with the department for over thirty years, held the post of Chief Mailing Clerk, in the New Haven Post Office. Mr. Kerrigan assisted in organizing in Merideii the second Council established by the Order, and was Deputy Supreme Knight shortly after the Order was incorporated. The first council established was called San Salvador, No. 1, being the name given hv Columbus to the island on which he first set foot in the Western World.^-Daniel Colwell in The Flag and the Cross (1900). pp. 110, 111, 112. 10. Knvjhts of Cohtmhus in Peace and War, op. cit. 34 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the new society.^^ At the same conference Smith 's Hall, on Chapel Street, New Haven, was secured for a meeting place. At this hall, on April 6, 1882, the first election of officers took place. At that time there were chosen : President James T. Mullen, Vice-president John T. Kerrigan, Corresponding Sec- retary Rev, Michael J. McGivney, Recording Secretary Wil- liam H, Sellwood, Financial Secretary James T. McMahon, Treasurer Michael Curran, Advocate C. T. Driscoll, Medical Examiner M. C. O'Connor, M, D., Chaplain Rev, P. P. Lawlor, Lecturer Daniel Colwell, Warden John F. Moore,^^ This was but a temporary organization, and existed but little over a month. On May 16, 1882, a Supreme Council was created, consisting of the officers chosen April 3rd, with one exception — ^William H. Sellwood dropping out. On the same day was held the election and institution of the first sub- ordinate council, San Salvador No. 1, The officers elected took the titles provided in the constitution in preparation, and were : Grand Knight C. T. Driscoll, Deputy Grand Knight Henry S. Kenny, Chaplain Rev. M. J. McGivney, Recording Secretary John F. O'Brien, Financial Secretary James T. McMahon, Treasurer Michael Curran, Lecturer Daniel Colwell, Medical Examiner Dr. M. C. 'Connor, and Warden John F. Moore," Now organized and under way, a meeting of all the mem- bers assembled on June 15, 1882, at which the proposed consti- tution was read by Father McGivney, and unanimously adopted." By this time a considerable waiting list had accumulated. Information of the new organization had gone abroad. The energetic Chaplain, Father McGivney, had composed a circular heralding, what he termed, one of the most important events in the annals of American Catholicity, and men in and out of New Haven were inquiring the means of entering the society. 11. n., p. 64. 12. /b., p. 55. 13. lb., p. 56. 14. n., p. 56. ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 35 Before initiating members, however, it was necessary that the "ritual" be completed and approved by the authorities of the Church. Colwell 's labors on the rituals were completed on July 7, 1883, and the work was promptly accepted by the Supreme Council recently created. It remained but to have the approval of the Bishop. For this purpose Father McGiv- ney and the other Supreme Officers laid the ritual before Bishop McMahon who, as we have seen in Chapter I, gave it his unqualified approval. It would be interesting to know just how these cere- monials were received by the first men advanced to the honors of Knighthood in the Order, but of course there has been nothing written about that, and even traditional accounts are meager. It is certain, however, that Knights of Columbus ini- tiations early became popular, and aroused a wholesome curi- osity that resulted in numerous accessions to the Order. Some honor has been shown the men who established the Knights of Columbus. A few of them have already passed to their eternal reward. By a solemn enactment Michael J. McGivney, Mathew C. O'Connor, Cornelius T. DriscoU, John T. Kerrigan, Daniel Colwell and William M. Geary have been designated as founders of the Order, and made life members of the Supreme Council." Entering upon a career destined to become notable in American annals nineteen councils were organized in Con- necticut before the Order spread to any other state. It is of interest to recall the names of these first councils: San Salvador, Silver City, Forest City, "Washington, Pinta, De- Soto, Freestone, Eldorado, Green Cross, Daly, White Cross, San Jose, Isabella, Park City, Seaside, Atlantic and Charter Oak. It is seen that from the very beginning there were no hard and fast regulations for naming councils. Some of these were drawn from history, some from location, and some bestowed 15. /&., p. 54. 36 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS in honor of distinguished individuals. A rule was later adopted, however, that a council should not be named for any living person.^''' Councils were numbered successively, and thus confusion was avoided in cases of councils of the same name. The first council outside of Connecticut was organized at Westerly, Rhode Island, named Narragansett and numbered 21. Following this there were four councils organized in Rhode Island, and several more in Connecticut before any other state was invaded. LaSalle Council in Rhode Island, located at Providence, is numbered 58, and Brooklyn Council No. 60 was organized in Brooklyn, and thus was the Order brought to New York. Soon thereafter Bunker Hill Council was organized as Number 62, at Charlestown, Massachusetts. No. 63 was organized in Springfield, Massachusetts, and was called Home City Council. Massachusetts took kindly to the Order, and soon after Boston Council No. 68 was organized at Boston. The Order spread throughout these original states, and next invaded New Hampshire, where Council No. 92 was organized in Manchester. After New Hampshire came New Jersey with Jersey City Council No. 137, located at Jersey City. By 1896 one hundred and eighty-one councils had been organized, with a membership of some 16,000, when definite steps were taken to establish the Order in Chicago. Raising of the standard in the Middle West and the new impetus given the Order will constitute the subject of subsequent chapters. ^^ The form of government devised by the committee on constitution and by-laws, and adopted at the outset has under- gone no material change, though names have been altered in a few cases. The basis of the organization is the local branch, called a Council. The local councils are represented in a state gath- ering, called the State Council, by the Chief Executive of the 16. Exceptions have been made to this rule in a few cases as, for example, in the case of Spalding Council, Peoria. 17. See Chapters VI, VII and VIII. ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 37 Local Council, called Grand Knight, and an additional dele- gate or representative, selected by the Council from amongst former chief executives, if there be any, and, if not, from the qualified membership. In turn the State Council selects, by election, delegates to a general meeting, now called the Supreme Council. These several bodies have their respective duties and func- tions. The Supreme Council elects a Chief Executive of the Order, called the Supreme Knight, a Vice Chief called Deputy Supreme Knight, a Supreme Secretary, Supreme Treasurer, and Supreme Warden, as well as fifteen Supreme Directors. The Supreme Council, assembled in National Convention in the first instance, adopted the constitution and by-laws, and by fixed parliamentary processes may amend, alter or repeal the same, and enacts all general legislation for the Order. The State Council in annual convention assembled elects an Executive Officer for the State, called State Deputy, a State Secretary, State Treasurer and State Warden. The State Council is vested with certain powers as to regulations for the State and, as has been seen, selects delegates to the con- vention of the Supreme Council, and recommends laws and reg- ulations for approval by the Supreme Council. The Local Council, convening semi-monthly, or monthly, transacts business authorized by the constitution and laws of the Order, and engages in such social and other activities as are from time to time appropriate.^^ The most prominent and deservedly most popular men as- sociated with the Knights of Columbus at its very beginning have already been named. They were the originators and founders of the society. By their works they have merited the repetition of their names wherever the prominent men of the Knights of Columbus may be mentioned. In the judgment of the writer the name of Daniel Col- well must always stand at the head of the list of men con- is. See Constitution of the Order. 38 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS spicuously identified with the Knights of Columbus. There have been men of greater brilliancy and popularity in the Order, but none that has given so much of what has made the society what it is as has Daniel Colwell.^" Colwell was a man of what we call the middle class, who made his way through life without a special profession or occupation. He occupied a few public positions, in which he acquitted himself well. He, like thousands of others of his countrymen, worked his way through life and came in contact with many of the most difficult of life's problems. In the end he had little of this world's goods to bestow upon relatives or beneficiaries, but he left to the world a noble legacy through his contribution to the Knights of Columbus structure. There are several other laymen who stand close to Col- well in merit concerning the founding of the Order, but it is perhaps true that none of these is entitled to as much credit as the young priest. Rev. Michael J. McGivney.^** Indeed, Father McGivney has almost been consecrated as the father and founder of the Knights of Columbus. A discussion as to 19. Daniel Colwell was born in North Adams, Mass., July 15, 1848. In 1865 he located in New Haven, Conn., and worked at his trade of shoemaker. For many years he kept a shoe store. Was elected town constable in 1876, and served seven years, when he resigned. During his service he was court officer in the Superior Criminal Court, and had charge of many noted prisoners. He was one of the founders of the Sarsfield Guard, mentioned in the text, and was a member of the social organization known as the Red Knights. He was elected National (Supreme) Secretary of the Knights of Columbus in 1882, and held that position until the Supreme Convention of 1909, when he became Historian of the Order. He died September 19, 1922. An editorial in the Courier (New Haven) under the heading, "A Fine Old Irish Oentleman," written after his death contains the following : "Mr. Colwell was an enthusiast like all men who look on the bright side of life, and refuse to surrender to its weaknesses. There was so much more, as he viewed life, to rejoice in than deplore, that he believed that the human virtues outnumbered and outgeneraled the human vices. * ♦ » 'Uncle Dan' as he was affec- tionately saluted by his admirers lived to good purpose in the world, and made a full contribution to its betterment by his optimism and profound faith. We may be sure that his soul will forever rest in peace." The esteem In which the founder and past Supreme Secretary of the Order was held was evidenced in the respect paid him at his death. 20. Father McGivney was born In 1855 ; was assistant pastor of St. Mary's Church in New Haven, where he labored for seven years. He was on November 16, 1884, appointed pastor of St. Thomas' Church, Thomaston, Conn., and labored there zealously for several years. But the arduous labors he performed in the founding of the Knights of Columbus and his parish duties soon began to tell upon him, and he was called to his reward on August 14, 1898. (ColumMan, Oct. 13, 1906, and Knights oi Columbus in Peace and War, Vol. I, pp. 70-71.) ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 39 whether he or Daniel Colwell were entitled to first place would of course be bootless, and it is certain that there was never any rivalry between these two devoted men for that honor. From what has already been said the reader can judge for. himself the relative importance of the work of the two men, and if so inclined may distribute the credit to one or the other, but will probably arrive at the conclusion that they were earnest co- operators, and that together they accomplished a noble work. Aside from these two men there is some reason for thinking that James T. Mullen was the next most important of the founders. When the question of selecting a chief executive officer arose James T, Mullen was elected Supreme Knight May 16, 1882, and held that office until 1885. Supreme Knight Mullen presided over the destinies of the Order for three years, and reflected credit upon himself in that position. He was succeeded in office by John J. Phelan, a man who had had no part in the founding or earliest activities of the society, but a man of boundless energy. Supreme Knight Phelan did much to make the new order known and is to be given credit for much of the spread of the society within the parent state.-^ At the National Convention of 1896 James E. Hayes, a younger man, hailing from Massachusetts, was elected Supreme Knight, and during his lifetime, for he died within less than two years after his election, did much for the Order. At the same Convention at which James E. Hayes was elected Supreme Knight, John J. Cone of New Jersey, was elected Deputy Supreme Knight, and in 1898 Cone was ad- vanced to the office of Supreme Knight. During his term as Supreme Knight Mr. Cone was very active, and remained a prime favorite in Eastern Knights of Columbus circles for many years thereafter. At the National Convention held in 1899, Edward L. Hearn of Framingham, Massachusetts, was chosen Supreme Knight, 21. Supreme Knight Phalen's efforts to hold the society to what he and others conceived to be its original scope and purpose, though perhaps misdirected were entirely honest. 40 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS and with his selection began what may be said to be the great national and international development of the order.-- Dur- ing his ten years of ceaseless activities as Supreme Knight the Order spread throughout North America and won universal esteem. "What may be termed the "New Eegime" was inaugurated in 1909 with the selection at the Supreme Convention held in Mobile, Alabama, of James A. Flaherty^^ of Philadelphia, as Supreme Knight and William J. McGinley-* of New York, as Supreme Secretary. Besides the executive officers there have been many out- standing figures that have done yeoman service for the Order. In this category no name comes more readily to the mind of the informed member than that of John J. Delaney of New York. As a close second must be named Charles A. Weber of New York, the father of the Fourth Degree. Patrick J. Lynch of Pennsylvania, Patrick J. Brady of Ohio, William J. Breen of Indiana, Patrick L. McArdle of Chicago, John Fleming of Iowa, William B. Teasdale of Kansas City, Missouri, George J. Gibson of Salt Lake City, Joseph Scott of Los Angeles and 22. Edward L. Hearn became a member of the Order in his home city, Framingham, Mass., and later became State Deputy of Massachusetts. He was elected to the National Board of Directors in lSO.->. and in 1890 he was elected Supreme Knight and re-elected for ten succeeding years. During a period reaching from his retirement as Supreme Knight until the War work of the Order was taken up, he was in private business, but was early named European Commissioner of the Order, and did yeoman service all during the war, and has since the war been the representative of the Order abroad. lie has been since the beginning, and still is in full charge of the welfare work of the Order in Rome, which was taken up at the request of the Pope. 23. James A. Flaherty is a well known lawyer of Philadelphia, always prominent in Catholic movements. For seven years he was President of the Young Men's Archdiocesan Union : was a visitor and counsel for the American Society for Visiting Catholic Prisoners; always actively interested in the Missionary Union for work in the Italian quarter, and the editor of La Verita, the English-Italian Catholic Weekly of Philadelphia. For many years he has been a member of the Children's Playground Association. He has two sisters in religion, one Provincial of the Order of the Good Shepherd, and the other a member of the Community of St. Joseph's Sisters. He was a member of the first council organized in Philadelphia ; served as Territorial and State Deputy of Pennsylvania, and organized the early councils. Was chosen a National Director in 1902 ; made Deputy Supreme Knight in Los Angeles in 1906, and was re-elected at each convention until 1909, when he was elected Supreme Knight, which office he has since filled. 24. William J. McGinley before becoming Supreme Secretary in 1909, was an expert accountant in New York, and in chai'ge of one of the financial divisions of the city. ORIGIN CHAKACTEE AND DEVELOPMENT 41 Neal Power of San Francisco, all stand out, not to mention others as great exemplars of the Order. The accomplishments of the Order are many and worthy and have been well told in other publications.-^ However brilliant may be any special achievement of the Order the luster of its home protection work can never be dimmed. Much has been said upon this subject in this work, and it should suffice here to direct attention merely to the vol- ume of home protection. Since its organization the Knights of Columbus has paid in death benefits nearly $20,000,000.00. If the true story of these benefits could be told it would no doubt be more absorbing than anything else that might be written about the Order.-" The first great work that the Knights of Cokunbus en- gaged in, aside from its home protection and local benefac- tions, was the endowment of a Chair of American History in the Catholic University at Washington, D. C. The University was then a young institution and, desiring to afford the best opportunity for education, wished to establish a History De- partment that would be of the highest order of excellence. Right Rev. Thomas J. Conaty of Los Angeles, suggested to Su- preme Knight Edward L. Hearn, the advisability of the Knights of Columbus assisting in this work. Later Very Rev. Dr. P. J. Garrigan, subsequently Bishop of Sioux City, but then Rector of the University, addressed the National Con- vention, which met in New Haven in 1899, repeating Bishop Conaty 's suggestion. In his appeal to the Convention Dr. Gar- rigan said : "We ask you to join hands with us in correcting the many errors which have been sj^read abroad for the last hundred years here and else- where about our Church, our Faith and our people; to clear away the clouds that have been hanging over us for the last century, and to bring the truth to the light of day, so that all men may place us where we belongf. ' '-" 25. Especially in Knights of Columbus in Peace and Wai: 26. See for Insurance Feature, Chapter III. 27. Knifjhts of Columbus in Peace and War, Vol. 1, p. 142. 42 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Action was strongly urged. Upon a vote the proposition was unanimously adopted, and a committee was appointed to manage the collection of a fund of $500,000. It is to be noted that at this time the membership did not exceed 50,000. The endowment fund was turned over to his Eminence, Cardinal Gibbons, on April 18, 1904, at a memorable meeting in the University.^^ The San Francisco earthquake horror is still fresh in the memories of living adults. When the news of this catastrophe was given to the world the Knights of Columbus took immedi- ate steps to render aid. The Supreme Knight, Edward L. Hearn, called upon the Supreme Officers, and the telegraph wires were kept busy with messages looking to providing relief. An appeal was sent out to the local councils for con- tributions, and in an incredibly short time $100,000 was made available for relief at San Francisco. The State Deputy of California headed a committee of local knights to distribute the fund collected, and had the satisfaction of handling almost the first relief monies that were sent from beyond the limits of California. "It is eloquent of the spirit of the San Fran- cisco E nights that within two years they had repaid the Su- preme Secretary $65,000 of the money sent to them,"^^ al- though it had been sent as a free gift by the Order. In the spring of 1913 much serious damage was caused by floods in Ohio and Indiana. Immediately on receiving intelli- gence of the damage agents were sent into the flooded district to take charge of relief work. The Board of Directors appro- priated $10,000 for the sufferers, and afterwards increased the sum to $18,000. The councils of the Order contributed over $20,000, in response to an appeal sent out through the Co- lumbiad.^" 28. 76., pp. 142-3. 29 lb., p. 169, et aeq. The San Francisco earthquake occurred April 6, 1906. 30. 76., p. 170. ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 43 When a cyclone struck Central Illinois in 1917, wiping out whole villages and causing havoc in many towns the Supreme Officers promptly forwarded ample relief funds.^^ In the storm that caused death and destruction in Corpus Christi, Texas, in the autumn of 1919 the Knights of Colum- bus once more were among the first to send relief .^^ In Halifax, Nova Scotia, when the explosion of an ammuni- tion vessel lying in the harbor produced a seismic effect in a prosperous seaport, causing whole streets to collapse, and kill- ing scores of people, the Knights of Columbus at once sent representatives to the scene. Halifax Council threw open its building as a shelter for the homeless, and relief funds were provided.®' Another great achievement of the Order is the revival of interest in Columbus, the Discoverer of America. In 1909 an agitation was begun for making October 12th, Landing Day, a holiday in the various states. Colorado was the first state to adopt the holiday law, and since that time virtually all the states of the Union have made Landing Day a holiday. Through the efforts of the Knights of Columbus a bill was passed by the Congress of the United States appropriating $100,000 for the erection of a monument to Columbus in "Washington, D. C. The Supreme Knight Edward L. Hearn, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Library of the 59th Congress, the Chairman of the Committee on Library of the House of Representatives, the Secretary of State, and the Sec- retary of War were appointed as a commission "to act with full authority to select a site and suitable design, and to con- tract for and superintend the construction of said memorial." The monument was unveiled on June 8, 1912, in the presence of 20,000 Knights of Columbus, who, with their wives and friends, had gathered in Washington to witness the great cere- si. 7b., p. 171. 82. 76., p. 171. 83. n., p. 171, occurred In 1918. 44 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS SUPREME OFFICERS James A. Flaherty, Supreme Knight, Philadelphia ; Rev. P. J. McGivnej', Supreme Chaplain, Bridgeport, Conn.; William J. McGinley, Supreme Secre- tary, New York City ; Martin H. Carmody, Deputy Supreme Knight, Grand Rapids, Michigan. ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 45 many. In a speech at the unveiling President William How- ard Taft, said: "It is most appropriate in this beautiful place in which the visitor to the country 's capital first sets foot upon the small district that is the only territory in which this great government exercises exclusive jurisdiction, that he should be confronted by a statue of the great mariner, whose genius and daring opened this half world to progi-ess and development. Here Columbus may well have his greatest and most fit- ting memorial. ' '3* Taking note of the prejudice existing against the Church and on occasion against Catholics, and especially the outbreaks of bigotry from time to time, the Order, in Supreme Conven- tion, determined to make some effort to allay the prejudices of our neighbors and fellow-citizens. To that end the Supreme Council of 1914 appointed a committee and appropriated $50,- 000 to carry on a campaign of conciliation. This commission consisted of Patrick H. Callahan, Chairman ; First Vice- chairman A. G. Bagley of California, later succeeded by Charles J. Dougherty of Montreal, Minister of Justice of Can- ada, Joseph C. Pelletier of Boston, Joseph Scott of Los Angeles and Thomas A. Lawler of Lansing, Michigan. Much satisfac- tion was felt by the membership at large with the results of the work of this commission. ^'^ Noting the tendency toward opposition to constituted au- thority developed under different names, such as socialism, communism, Bolshevism, etc., the Order determined to con- tribute its quota in opposing these dangerous doctrines, and to that end sent lecturers to all parts of the country, chief among whom were Mr. Peter W. Collins and Mr. David W. Goldstein. These lectures, which have been continued to the present, are considered very fruitful.^" 34. lb., p. 191, Chapter XIII of this valiia1)li' work ontitled "Coiunieniorat- Ing Columbus," gives a good account of the Cohuiihus Memorial and is very interesting. 35. Chapter XI of Kni(/hts of Columbus in Peace and War treats the Religious Prejudice work. 36. See Chapter XIV of Kiiiyltts of Columbus in Peace and War for account of this work. 46 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS SUPREME OFFICERS Edward W. Buckley, M.D., Supreme Physician, St. Paul ; Daniel J. Callahan, Supreme Treasurer, Washington, D. C. ; Luke E. Hart, Supreme Advocate, St. Louis ; David F. Supple, Supreme Warden, San Francisco. ORIGIN CHAEACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 47 SUPREME DIRECTORS John H. Reddin, Denver ; William D. Dwyer, Minneapolis ; Edward Houlihan, Chicago ; John F. Martin, Green Bay ; William J. Mulligan, Thompsonvllle, Conn. ; J. J. Meyers, Carroll, Iowa. Besides this class of platform work the Order has in a national way kept up a lecture program through such dis- tinguished orators and scholars as James J. Walsh, M. D.; Prof, James C. Monaghan, Joseph Scott, Bourke Cockran, Conde B. Pall en and others.^^ Perhaps the greatest pre-war work of the Knights of Co- lumbus as an Order was its half million endowment fund for the Catholic University at Washington, D. C. In 1907 Arch- bishop John J. Glennon of St. Louis, acting for the trustees of the University, asked the order to raise an endowment of $500,000. At that time there were about 150,000 members in 37. See same Cbaoter. 48 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the Order, yet, nevertheless, the project was undertaken and formal presentation was made of the fund on January 6, 1914.^^ The committee named to have charge of raising this endowment fund consisted of Edward H. Doyle, of Detroit, Chairman ; Philip A. Hart, Ohio, Secretary ; Festus J. Wade, SUPREME DIRECTORS William F. Fox, Indianapolis ; James J. McGraw, Tulsa, Oklahoma ; William C. Prout, Boston ; William P. Larkin, Mew York ; John A. O'Dwyer, Toledo ; John F. O'Neill, Jersey City. St. Louis, and Edward L. Hearn, Supreme Knight. Mr. Wade later resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. Joseph M. Byrne of Newark, New Jersey.^" It was a condition of this gift that fifty scholarships in perpetuity be granted to the Knights of Columbus, so that 38. Knirjhts of Columbus in. I'cacr and War, p. 14.j. 39. lb., p. 148. ORIGIN CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT 49 there are continually fifty Knights of Columbus or sons of Knights of Columbus receiving a higher education in the Catholic University .*° Through this endowment, therefore, not only the interests of the great Catholic educational institution have been sub- served, but a substantial number of young men, which in time will grow into a multitude, are enabled to receive a class- ical education. This brings us to the war period, but that is another storv which merits separate treatment. 40. lb., p. 151. SUPREME CONVENTIONS— DELEGATES FROM ILLINOIS 1898 — New Haven Thomas S. Keirnan Patrick L. McArdle. 1899 — New Haven Thomas S. Keirnan Patrick L. McArdle 1900 — New Haven Thomas S. Keirnan Patrick L. McArdle 1901 — New Haven Thomas S. Keirnan Patrick I.. McArdle 1901— Adjourned, Cliff Haven, N. Y. Patrick L,. McArdle Lewis E. Sauter 1902— New Haven Patrick L. McArdle Thomas S. Keirnan James J. Kelly 1903- New Haven Patrick L. McArdle Thomas S. Keirnan Joseph J. Thompson 1904 — Louisville, Ky. Joseph J. Thompson Patrick L. McArdle Edward J. Kelly John J. Ryan Joseph E. O'Meara 1905 — Los Angeles, Cal. Joseph J. Thompson Patrick L. McArdle Thomas W. Flynn John R. Brown John J. Ryan Edward J. Morrissey Thomas F. Donovan 1906— New Haven Lewis E. Sauter Joseph J. Thompson Jerome J. Crowley Maurice V. Joyce William P. Cleary Rev. D. L. Crowe Philip J. McKenna George G. McCarthy 1907 — Jamestown, Va. Lewis E. Sauter Joseph J. Thompson Jerome J. Crowley James Maher George T. Kennedy Charles Molz. M. D. Francis Houlihan Patrick J. Lucey Michael J. Daugherty Rev. William J. Healey 1908 — St. Louis. Mo. James Maher Lewis E. Sauter John E. Irwin Henry M. Kelly Thomas L. McDermott Frank Green William J. Butler F. A. Reynolds Jerome J. Crowley Eugene Colgan 1909— Mobile, Ala. James Maher Lewis E. Sauter Thomas V. Brennan Rev. W. A. Heffreman Jerome J. Crowley James J. Kelly James Sweeney Fred W. Rank Joseph J. Thompson George F. Mulligan 1910 — Quebec James Maher T^ewis E. Sauter Jerome J. Crowley William Bourke A. M. Clavln W. J. Scott John McCarron Thomas V. Brennan Daniel R. Burke Dr. A. B. Culhane 1911— Detroit, Mich. LeRoy Hackett James Maher Edward Vaile Jerome J. Crowley Lewis E. Sauter J. T. Walsh, M. D. Rev. C. H. Metcalf Peter C. Hoev T. V. Brennan E. F. Tobin 1912 — Colorado Spgs. LeRoy Hackett James Maher Lawrence Ryan William E. Clark Samuel E. Cook Joseph J. Freiburg E. N. Redden. M. D. John R. Kelahan FVancis J. Houlihan O. J. Dolan 1913 — Boston, Mass, LeRoy Hackett James Maher M. J. Fitzgerald William N. Brown Edward Houlihan E. P. Whealan D. A. Callahan James J. Graham R. E. Davies Ferdinand Schaefer.Jr. 50 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS SUPREME CONVENTIONS— DELEGATES FROM ILLINOIS 1914 — St. Paul, Minn. William N. Brown LeRoy Hackett L. J. Jochem John T. Lillis John E. Byrnes Philip J. Maguire Fred A. Quinn James P. Dunn P. H. Lonergan George Sieb 1915— Seattle. Wash. William N. Brown LeRoy Hackett Rev. P. J. Hennessy Bernard J. Coens Michael Pahey W. J. Dolan John J. Sullivan C. L. Weber. M. D. A. G. Kassebaum 1916 — Davenport, Iowa LeRoy Hackett William N. Brown James E. McGrail John E. Maloney John F. Kahler John F. Normoyle H. E. Sanford Raymond G. Real John Brennan R. A. Milroy 1917— Chicago, III. LeRoy Hackett William N. Brown James Donahoe Justin F. McCarthy Joseph A. McMahon Charles P. Hunt Paul V. Schaefer Philip A. Gibbons Rev. Jos. A. Roken John M. Boyle 1918— New York Edward Houlihan LeRoy Hackett Theodore Cornell George F. Mulligan Michael J. Hewlett Rev. J. W. McGuire M. H. Sexton W. J. Mehan G. G. Riordan John E. Broderick 1919— Buffalo, N. Y. Edward Houlihan LeRoy Hackett Thomas W. Flynn James C. O'Brien Peter J. Monaghan Rev. Vincent O'Brien William M. Moran, Jr. W. A. Mathis James V. Flavin George Long, Sr. 1920— New York Edward Houlihan LeRoy Hackett William F. Woods Rev. T. E. Cusick Philip A. Gibbons P. X. Senger C. L. Weber. M. D. Thos. H. Davey James J. Walsh Edward Branick 1921 — San Francisco Edward Houlihan LeRoy Hackett Michael J. Howlett Jeremiah A. Kennelly Michael J. Geraty Wade J. Brady Rev. H. V. O'Brien J. B. McGuire John J. Ferry Joseph B. Crivello. 1922— Atlantic City Edward Houlihan LeRoy Hackett John E. Cooney John P. McAuliffe Harry P. Kenney Richard E. Graham John T. Connors James L. Brady A. B. Tracy T. J. Cunningham CHAPTER III THE INSURANCE SYSTEM One need not be a theologian to assert that the Church re- gards the family as the true basis of society. In the history of the world no substitute has been devised for the f am- iiy. The Church and all meri- torious civilizing agencies have always exerted utmost energies in the interest of the family relation. The fraternal insurance system is the outgrowth of this solicitude for the family, and the death or other bene- fits provided by fraternal so- cieties are intended to pre- vent, measurably at least, the injury to the family which must result through death or sickness by interfering with family means or resources. The every-day experience of the distress occasioned by un- timely deaths or lingering- illness, and the direful effects upon bereft families, whose natural protectors, though diligent and capable in life, have not been so circumstanced as to be able to accumulate a competence, led thinking men to the considera- tion and formulation of mutual organizations for the purpose of ameliorating such distress. 51 THE HOLY FAMILY The Inspiratioji and Solace of the Christian Family 52 KNIGHTS OF COLIBIBUS IN ILLINOIS It was beyond doubt such considerations as these that led to the launching- of the Knights of Columbus. In every early statement, concerning the origin of the Order, reference is made to the fact that there were in existence other societies offering death and sickness benefits that were making a power- ful appeal to Catholics, and more or less of a lament that Catholics were joining such other societies, thus proving the strength of the appeal. The providing of such benefits, there- fore, may confidently be asserted to have been the primary influence in the formation of the Orcler.^ The development of the Knights of Columbus insurance system has been well recounted in Volume I, of the excellent work recently published by the Supreme Council,'- but it will be interesting here to refer briefly to the several succeed- ing steps in the evolution of the plans. At the outset the Knights of Columbus adopted the old original Ancient Order of United Workmen idea, of a peri- odical uniform payment by all members. They went a step further than most of the fraternities by simply providing that each member should pay into the treasury of the local council $1.00 on the happening of a death amongst the members of the society. When, therefore, a death occurred in any particu- lar council, that council notified all other councils, and each council sent to the decedent's council a pro rata amount of its fund, sufficient with the contributions from the other coun- cils to make up $1,000, which decedent's council in turn paid over to the beneficiary. There was no general supervision of these funds, and it was possible of course for not only the member of any of the councils to refuse to pay his $1.00, but also for the council to refuse or fail to forward its share to the council of the decedent. This plan was followed until 1886, when a change was made 1. Colwell in .VWf Lights on the Kniyhts of Cahnnbus. 2. Knights oj Columhus in Peace and War, by M. F. Egau aud J. 15. Kennedy. THE INSURANCE SYSTEM 53 in the laws, by means of which the members of each council were assessed different amounts, varying according to the aver- age age of the membership of the council. The pro rata assess- ment was 3% more than the amount of the standard for each year in which the average age of the council exceeded the aver- age age of the Order's entire membership, and 3% less for each year under the Order's average age of entire membership. The assessments were levied on the first day of each month, and in such amount as was needed to pay current mortality losses. Thus was applied the average age theory or notion. The next change was made in 1891. Under the amend- ments then adopted the average age of all members remained the standard as before, but each member was permitted to dis- count the rate 3% for each year that he was younger than the average, but, if older, he was compelled to add 3% for each year that his age exceeded the average. This would have been more just to the individual member, but the plan, instead of taking into account the actual deaths occurring, made an arbitrary assumption that there would be a death loss of ten members per thousand during the year. This assumption was too high for the younger members and too low for the older and was there- fore inequitable. In the same year a by-law was adopted authorizing the society to levy extra assessments in case the regular monthly assessments were not sufficient to discharge the death losses, and soon thereafter three extra assessments, the only extra assessments ever called by the Order, were levied and collected. It now became apparent to the officers and members that any sort of a purely current cost plan was faulty, and the agitation for a reserve, common amongst all the fraternities, was taken up in the Knights of Columbus, with the result that m 1892 a law was passed providing for the accumulation of a reserve fund ' ' for the purpose of paying such mortuary claims in any one year as are over and above the ordinary number of mortuary claims (based upon the American Experience 54 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Table) , as may occur by reason of epidemics or other extraor- dinary causes and events." For the purpose of raising this fund each insured member was assessed $5.00 for each $1,000 of insurance carried by him, payable in monthly installments of ten cents each. This reserve, known as the Mortuary Reserve Fund, finally amounted to $165,365, which remained in the treasury of the society, without being dealt with in any way, until 1902. In that year this sum, together with a surplus which had accumu- lated from regular assessments, was converted into a Mortuary Reserve Fund, and made subject to the payment of death bene- fits. As well here as elsewhere, it may be stated that this action resulted in a litigation which, beginning in the lower courts, was carried to the Court of last resort in Connecticut. On the one hand the complainants in the suit contended that the fund made up of the $5.00 payments of the members should be distributed back to them, or their individual account, while the representatives of the society maintained that the fund became a part of the death benefit fund. In passing upon the case the Court, in a single paragraph, disposed of the issues. "The transfer of this Mortuary Eeserve fund to a fund applicable to either the purpose of the Mortuary Eeserve Fund or that of the surplus death benefit fund was a violation of the purpose of the fund and con- stituted an illegal diversion of the trust. ... It does not follow that its contributors are entitled to its distribution, or to have it set apart for their ultimate benefit. In any event it must be set apart and returned to the original Mortuary Eeserve Fund, and held for the purposes of its creation. ' 's Which purposes were, as will be remembered, the "paying such mortuary claims in any one year as are over and above the ordinary number of mortuary claims (based upon the Amer- ican Experience Table), as may occur by reason of epidemics or other extraordinary causes and events." 3. See opinion ol court in Knights of Columiua in Peace and War, pp. 105-106. THE INSURANCE SYSTEM 55 The event proved the creation of this Mortuary Reserve Fund to be almost providential, for during the influenza epi- EDWARD L. HEARN Past Supreme Knight, European Commissioner at Rome, Effective Proponent of Sound Insurance demie of 1918-19, a very large excess death loss occurred, and under the advice of the Supreme Advocate, the Order utilized the whole of the contested Mortuary R-eserve Fund to apply upon these extraordinary death losses. While other societie? 56 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS were groaning under the burden of an excessive death rate, the Knights of Columbus fortunately had a fund which had been increased by interest accretions for several years ready at hand to the relief of the regular death benefit fund. After nearly twenty years of experimenting the officers got down to a serious consideration of the system of insurance, and at the National Convention of the Order, held in 1901, it was determined to stop "tinkering" with the insurance features, and set about the establishment of a sound system. For the purpose of formulating such a system a committee was ap- pointed in 1898, and an Actuary, Mr. David Parke Fackler, at one time President of the Actuarial Society of America, was employed to formulate plans and rates, and report to the Na- tional Council. At the meeting of the National Council held at New Haven, Connecticut, in May, 1901, the majority of the committee re- ported progress but John W. Hogan made a minority report in favor af immediate action. Whereupon it was resolved to call a special session of the National Council. This meeting was held at Cliff Haven in August, 1901, and the new plan was adopted. ■* It is reasonable to believe that when the mature estimate of the work of the Knights of Columbus is made the action of 4. When the National Council of 1901 convened at New Haven on March 5th of that year. Supreme Knight Edward L. Hearn presiding, the question of insurance was brought forcefully before the convention by the Supreme Knight in his opening address. Referring to the necessity for action, and recommending prompt action, the Supreme Knight said : "May it not remain for us, the 'Knights of Columbus' b.y our well- directed energy and labor to solve the great problem of successfully conduct- ing the affairs of a fraternal insurance body. May we not hope with each advancing year that the high standard of intelligence, which has character- ized the efforts of this organization from its inception, may now draw the curtain which has heretofore hidden from view the proper and sound system upon which may be conducted an absolutely secure and valid Fraternal Insurance business. We fervently hope through the research of our commit- tee, aided by the wisdom and jvidgmeut of this convention, to solve this problem and "place in the hands of our members a contract about which there will be no question, placing our organization in a position to meet all of its obligations under all conditions and at any time, and by so doing direct the favorable attention of all honest men to our organization, enabling us to begin this Twentieth Century in a blaze of glory, which I fondly hope and trust may never dim, but follow us through all its years. "From my official position, I desire to say this much only, that definite action on the committee's report should be taken by this convention, and THE INSURANCE SYSTEM 57 the Special National Council of Cliff Haven, upon the insur- ance question, will be adjudged the most important step ever taken by the Order. The well-informed Actuary might even have spoken more emphatically than he did when, some years later, he said : "Great honor and credit are due to the committee on insurance rates, to Mr. Edward L. Hearn, the Supreme Knight, and to the members of the Supreme Council in 1901. Without their concurrent action the Order I make this recommendation, for the reason that the applications for insur- ance, particularl.v in the territory of the older councils, where the greatest insured membership exists, have materiall.v decreased, and in my opinion, much to our disadvantage, and applications will continue to grow less, if the matter of the revision of the insurance rates is not adopted or withdrawn." Ill the regular course of business the majority report of the committee on revision of insurance rates was read, whicti consisted of a recital of the difBculties of a readjustment of the rates and of the fears entertained by members of the committee as to the effect a decided increase of rates would have upon the membership, and advising delay. At the conclusion of the reading of the report, Mr. O'Brien stated : ■'Brother Hogan has not assented to the report, and the committee understands that he dissents," whereupon Mr. Hogan made the following statement : "I desire as a member of the committee appointed for the purpose of considering the questiou of ins>irance rates, to dissent from the report pre- sented by the conunittee at this meeting. I do not at this time, at least, pretend to present any argumentative views which prompt that conclusion, but rather to mali oo _ >> c c c . B C .tjiO m r_ (uOh Rate Entr Rate Unti uary Entr 3 o o There were three Spanish orders that became prominent and powerful — the Knights of Santiago,-^ the Knights of Cala- trava,^^ and the Knights of Alcantra.-^ All of these orders had some part in the crusades.-* At a later period the Knights of the Garter was founded in England, the Knights of the Thistle in Scotland, and the Knights of St. Patrick in Ireland. The Knights of the Garter and the Knights of the Thistle are still in existence, and theo- retically perhaps the Knights of St. Patrick also. All of them were Catholic institutions at the beginning, but since have been Protestantized. It is hardly necessary to state that the Knights Templar of the present time, a branch or division of the Free Masons, 21. The largest of the Spanish orders named after St. James, the Great Patron Saint of Spain. The symbol was a red cross terminating in a sword. — Catholic Encyclopedia, 13-353. 22. See Note 18. 23. These three orders were eventually consolidated and placed under the control of the King. For an account of the Spanish order see Prescott, Ferdi- nand and Isabella, Vol. I, Chapter VI. 24. "It was for the purpose of putting a stop to the barbarous oppression to which both the Latin pilgrims and the eastern Christians were exposed, that our European ancestors everywhere took up arms, and rushed to the field, urged by motives of honor, humanity and religion. Their ardor and readiness to enlist in this generous enterprise was moreover powerfully ex- cited by the earnest entreaties of the Greek emperor, Alexius, who called for assistance against these same barbarians then in possession of Jerusalem. The desire of rescuing the Holy Sepulchre from the oppressive yoke of those infidels may have been the most general feeling that actuated many of the Crusaders, but that was not the only object of the Crusaders ; and this desire, very just in itself, as it led to the attack of cruel usurpers, covered a still more important design, namely, that of saving the countries of Europe itself from the invasion with which they were threatened. — Fredet's Modern His- tory, p. 338. "Peter the Hermit, stirred by what he saw in Jerusalem, resolved to rescue the Holy Sepulchre. With bare head and feet, dressed in a coarse robe tied with a cord, bearing a crucifix in his hand, and riding an ass, this fierce monk traversed Italy and France. Pope Urban II supported his burning appeals. At a council held at Clermont the assembled multitude shouted with one impulse, 'God wills it !' Thousands volunteered for the holy war, and fastened to their garments the red cross — the symbol of this sacred vow." — Barnes, General History, 1899, p. 398. HISTORIC KNIGHTHOOD 81 has no connection with the Knights Templar of the crusades. It is true that the Masonic Order has adopted much of the ceremonial and imitated the initiatory exercises of the Knights Templar and the Knights of Malta. KNIGHTS OP ST. JOHN OF MALTA— HOSPITALLERS (Reproduced from Catholic Encyclopedia, X. 306.) Modern Freemasonry began with the foundation of the Grand Lodge of England, June 24, 1717, and was not com- pletely organized until 1722.-^ 25. Catholic Encyclopedia, 9-771. 82 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS In the ceremonies and in connection with the shields, arms, banners, badges, etc., colors were of significance. Their deriva- tion and symbolism, therefore, is of interest. Red or gules, as it is termed in blazonry, has been attributed by some writers to the red rose from the gardens of the Holy Land. By others, of course, to the red blood which frequently flowed in knightly combats. White is described in blazonry as argent. It rep- resents the light and is esteemed beyond black **by how much the light and the day are of more esteem than darkness or the night." Blue or azure, as it is called in heraldry, is as- signed the first place in blazonry. "The color of blue is commonly taken for the clear sky which appeareth so after the tempests be overblown, and denotes prosperous success and good fortune to the wearer. ' '-^ Some writers assign significance to the colors and their combination. According to Leigh red betokens strength, bold- ness with firmness. Combined with blue they betoken a wish to win heaven by good deeds ; and with purple strong in deed and just in word.^^ The shield was perhaps the most prominent indicia of knighthood. A shield which could be carried and interposed between some part of the body and hostile weapons or a buckler, a guard of sufficient length to cover the whole of the body, was no doubt one of the earliest defensive instruments, and almost every fighting man carried such an instrument once it was in- troduced; but the knight's shield became significant in many ways. We are told that it was the custom in King Arthur's hall, * ' When some good knight had done one noble deed His arms were carven only; but if twain His arms were blazoned also; but if none, The shield was blank and bare without a sign Saving the name beneath; "28 26. Hulnie. The History Principles and Practice of Heraldry, p. 38. 27. Legh. Hulnie, The History Principles and Practice of Heraldry, p. 45. 28. Tennyson, Oareth and Lynette. HISTORIC KNIGHTHOOD 83 The earliest efforts at shield making were naturally crude, and the shield might take almost any shape. Shields were made of almost any material which would furnish the required protection — in some cases hides; in others wood, and yet in others metal. It was upon the shield principally that the distinguishing marks of the bearer, which became known as arms, or from be- ing worked or embroidered into the coat or some other gar- ment, became known as Coat-of-Arms. In this connection what may be termed the science of heraldry developed to a surprising degree in what has been known as the middle ages ; and it is most interesting to reflect that in the case of almost all men of importance of the early days religious figures were invariably a part of the Coat-of-Arms, there being scarcely one of importance that did not contain the cross, at least as a part of the arms. All the accounts of King Arthur tell us that his shield contained a picture of "Holy Mary, Mother of God,"-'' and that the Coat-of-Arms was intended as expressive of the purposes, or, to an extent, the sentiments of their bearers ; and, in short, to advertise the owner to the world in somewhat the same manner as the trade mark, the monogram or the initials impressed upon articles of personal property. It is violating no secret to direct attention to the emblems of the Knights of Columbus, which are publicly and indis- criminately displayed to view. A glance at the emblem of the order discloses a shield, and mounted upon or interwoven with it a cross. Upon the shield appears, standing perpendicu- larly, a mace, and crossed over the mace, saltire fashion,^" are a dagger and an anchor. The colors, red, white and blue are used. It is interesting, therefore, to analyze briefly the mean- ing of this emblem or Coat-of-Arms, if it be desired to so 29. "Over his shoulders he threw his shield called Priwen, on which a picture of Holy Mary, Mother of God, constantly recalled her to his memory." — Malory. Morte D'Arthur 1-23. 30. This is but a modification of the cross in the form of the letter X, and known as St. Andrew's Cross. St. Patrick's is made In the same man- ner, but is red in color. 84 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS designate it. To begin with, we have the cross, which needs little comment further than to attempt to identify it accord- ing to its shape under the fixed rules of heraldry. The cross used in the Knights of Columbus emblem is not the maltese cross, or the cross of Malta, as is sometimes stated, but may more properly be called the pattee fimbriated cross.^^ the French word pattee meaning paw ; that is, the extremity of an animal, and the meaning of fimbriated is having a narrow bordure or hem of another tincture. The distinction between the maltese cross and the cross shown in the emblem of the Knights of Columbus lies in the end of the arms, — those of the Knights of Columbus cross being straight, while those of the maltese cross are deflected or notched, making an obtuse angle in the center of the arm end. Next we have the shield, which is at all meeting points angular. For the purpose of blazonry various parts of the shield are named. The upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base. The side of the shield, which when held in front of the body would be toward the right hand, is called the dexter side, and that which would be toward the left hand, the sinister side. The points on the shield therefore may be referred to as dexter chief, middle chief, sinister chief, dexter base, middle base, sinister base, etc. In addition to these points there are the honor point, fess point and nombril point, these occupying the center of the shield.^- The initials of the Order, K. of C, therefore, are placed or charged, as it is called in blazonry, on the chief. The symbols, — mace, dagger and anchor on the base. The mace is the symbol of jurisdiction, which is usually a short, richly ornamented staff, frequently made of silver, usu- ally borne before eminent ecclesiastics, magistrates and dis- tinguished bodies. The functionaries who carried the maces 31. Clark, An Introduction to Heraldry is a very comprehensive little work and gives one a very good idea of the subject. The Knights of Columbus cross has the eight points, the same as the Maltese cross. In the old order these represented the eight beatitudes. 32. Clark, op. cit., p. 10. HISTORIC KNIGHTHOOD 85 were called mazzieri, mace bearers, and in the Vatican occupy the position of papal messengers or body guards.^^ The anchor in Church lore is the emblem of hope,^* and from the very earliest days of Christianity has been but a modification of the cross. Crosses in the shape of an anchor are to be found on the tombs in the Catacombs at Rome. In the 15th Century it was habitual for a knight to carry a sharp pointed dagger, belted at his back which, from its pur- HOSPITAL OF KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN, CLERKENWELL (Reproduced from Scott's Ivanhoe (Collier), vol. VIII, p. 45.) pose, was called misericorde.^^ This dagger was in a sense a surgical instrument used in relief of suifering. The close observer has noted certain letters embossed upon the emblem of the Order. It was a very common practice to endorse a motto or a cry or slogan, as we would call it now-a- days, upon the shield or escutcheon. This was very common in heraldry, for example "Crux fidei calcar," meaning, "the cross, the spur of faith, ' ' was the motto of Brooking. ''Si Deus, quis contra?" If God be for us who can be against us, — 33. Of the same order is the Roman Fasces, always equipped with an axe. The mace-at-arms was a part of the equipment of the warrior knight, and was in effect a battle-axe. — Scott, The Talisman. 34. Catholic Encyclopedia, 1-462. 35. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2-556. 86 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Spence. "Dieu et mon droit, "^'^ was the motto of Richard Coeur de Lion and Edward III.^^ It is not the purpose to acquaint the general reader with the device or motto indi- cated by the initials beneath the emblem, but only to trace the similarity of the emblem of the Order with Coats-of-Arms of individuals and associations of the heroic ages of Chris- tianity. Needless to say that much the same use of emblems and ensigns was made in the early days as is common at present. The flags, pennants and badges were in all ages, as well as in the present agencies of publicity. In the early days the Knight recognized his friends and fellow members by the arms emblazoned on his shield or the colors in his pennant, and his leader was made known by the flag or ensign carried be- fore him. So today, no less than the flag of our country, are the combination of red, white and blue, the red cross and the cross and shield of the Knights of Columbus distinct announce- ments, readily and plainly understood. The sword is the most distinctive mark of knighthood. It was the heroic weapon from the earliest times. The sword of King Arthur, Excalihur, was of magic power given him by the ''Lady of the Lake." * ' In those days, one summer noon, an arm Eose up from out the bosom of the lake, Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful. Holding the sword — and how I rowed across And took it, and have worn it, like a king; And, wheresoever I am sung or told In aftertime, this also shall be known: For all the haft twinkled with diamond sparks. Myriads of topaz-lights, and jacinth-work Of subtlest jewellery. ' ' This magical sword was "Wrought by the lonely Maiden of the Lake Nine years she wrought it sitting in the deeps Upon the hidden bases of the hills." .36. "God and the right." 37. The French is the language of Heraldry. HISTORIC KNIGHTHOOD 87 Arthur received it from the lake and, agreeable to instruc- tions, returned it thereto by the instrumentality of Sir Bedi- vere. "Sir King, I closed mine eyelids, lest the gems Shall blind my purpose, for I never saw. Nor shall see, here or elsewhere, till I die, Not though I live three lives of mortal men. So great a miracle as yonder hilt, wheeling him; And when I looked again, behold an arm. Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful. That caught him by the hilt, and brandished him Three times, and drew him under in the mere." The sword of the Knight of the Crusades and, indeed, in all the ages of chivalry was but an extended cross, always a re- minder of the passion and death of his Lord. It was an instru- mentality of his devotions. Upon his sword cross he swore his fealty and pledged his word and honor. Nor was the sword always an instrument of warfare. To this day one of the three swords carried before the King at his coronation is void of point to typify the mercy with which justice shall be tempered. The high repute of the knights of early days is inspiring in any age. King Arthur is made to describe his knights as "A glorious company the flower of men To serve as model for the mighty world And be the fair beginning of a time." Again he avers: * * My knights are sworn to vows Of utter hardihood, utter gentleness And, loving, utter gentleness in love. And uttermost obedience to the King." They were : "Men With strength and will to right the wronged of power To lay the sudden heads of violence flat." 88 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Tiiey rode in strength "Shattering all evil customs everywhere And past through Pagan realms and made them mine, And clashed with Pagan hordes and bore them down And broke through all and in the strength of this Come victor. "38 Nor is the good repute of knighthood confined to romance. So long as men shall hold virtue and courage in esteem the exploits of the Crusaders and other gallant knights of the Middle Ages who championed the cause of righteousness will be cherished. It would, of course, be unreasonable to expect that perfec- tion would be found in every individual. It is gratifying, how- ever, to be assured that it was the purpose that knights should measure up to the highest standards. The ordinances and regu- lations for the knight's conduct were much the same every- where, and the following descriptive of laws of the King- dom of Castile will indicate what was expected of a true knight: "He was to array himself in light and cheerful vest- ments, and in the cities and public places his person was to be clothed in a long and flowing mantle in order to impose greater reverence on the people. His good steed was to be distinguished by the beauty and richness of its caparisons. He was to live abstemiously, indulging himself in none of the effeminate delights of couch or banquet. During a repast his mind was to be refreshed with the recital from history of deeds of ancient heroism, and in the fight he was com- manded to invoke the name of his lady that it might infuse new ardour into his soul and preserve him from the commission of unknightly actions. "^^ It was perhaps to be expected that individuals and even bodies of men would in time be guilty of indiscretions and 38. Tennyson, Idylls of the King. 39. Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, J. B. Lippincott Co. (1872). Vol. I, 38, note 70. HISTORIC KNIGHTHOOD 89 extravagances, and there can be little doubt but that such was the case. Not only were there extravagances committed by men in the name of knighthood, but romantic writers per- mitted their imaginations to carry them beyond all reason- able bounds, and, in a sense, brought odium and ridicule upon the profession of knighthood. Beginning with the beautiful romanticisms concerning Amadeus de Gaul the romancers built higher and higher, until they had done what is so fre- quently spoken of, passed ''from the sublime to the ridiculous. " It was in this juncture that Cervantes wrote his immortal Don Quixote, but "By some it has been thought that Cervantes, in lopping off an excrescence, did also destroy a healthy limb — that in destroying knight errantry he destroyed also the holy spirit of self-devotion and heroism . . . Sir William Temple quotes the saying of a worthy Spaniard who told him 'that the History of Don Quixote had ruined the Spanish Monarchy; for since that time men had grown ashamed of honor and love, and thought only of pursuing their fortunes and satisfying their lust.' ' ' Cervantes ' apologists take a different view. They aver that Cer- vantes would not put down 'the spirt of heroism or of Christian self- devotion.' . . . He would teach us that this is a world of action, and not of fancy; that it will not do for us to go out of ourselves and out of the world, and lead an ideal life; our duties are around us and within us; and we need not leave our own homes in order to seek adventures wherein those duties may be acceptably performed. "*o It may be conceded that there were in the olden days good knights and bad knights. It would be beyond human expecta- tion to find the contrary, then or now. But it is gratifying to learn of the past that the good were bettered by the fulfillment of the prescribed knightly duties and the bad debased by their breach. These, the good and the bad, mingled in many absorbing tales such as Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe, The Talis- man and Count Robert of Paris. 40. Introduction to Don Qtiixote, 90 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS These reflections upon knighthood of old are at least inter- esting and may contain some little instruction. A purpose to imitate the early orders of knighthood might at once be ques- tioned, on the ground that the old orders closed their careers in more or less disrepute. There may, however, be a lesson, even in their ill-fate. One cannot read the history of the great orders of knighthood without being struck by the fact that from their constitution they could hardly avoid coming in con- flict with government. The Hospitalers and the Templars cov- ered the whole of Europe. Their charters made them inde- pendent of local government, both church and state. As na- tions begun to form it was but natural that the government of each nation should desire to exercise at least complete temporal control, and, as a fact, the several governments and the orders did conflict, and clashes resulted. Should a similar situation arise today we would call it politics, and it might rightfully be said that an organization claiming immunity for itself or its members from local laws or regulations, civil or religious, and especially civil, would be getting into politics. If, therefore, the single lesson to keep out of politics can be learned from the history of the ancient orders of knighthood that result would well repay the study. CHAPTER V COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM "O God-appointed man! all hail to thee! Thou other Moses of a chosen race, Who out of darkness and captivity Leadest the people from the tyrant's face, To where all men shall equal be and free. And evil life alone shall be disgrace. ' ' — John Lancaster Spalding. It is assumed that the readers of these reflections will, al- most without exception, be Christians. As such they will acknowledge the omnipotence of God. It is considered unnecessary, therefore, to enter upon the proof of the power of God, to modify, or even set aside laws He has made. Hence, if, in the course of a hu- man life, facts occur which seem to run counter to the general laws which govern human events, it should do no violence to the Chris- tian mind if such events be attributed to the Divine Power, The outstanding events in the life of Columbus are so fa- miliar as not to require detailed repetition here, but it seems appropriate to direct attention to many well authenticated oc- currences which tend at least to bear out the theory that Colum- bus was Divinely chosen and commissioned with a great work. It should not be difficult for those who believe that Christ called personally upon Peter and Andrew and the other apostles and disciples, and x^articularly directed them as to what they should do,^ to believe that He could in like manner 1. The Gospel of St. Matthew, IV, 18-22. 91 92 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS single out and designate Christopher Columbus for a par- ticular work, and teach him how to accomplish it. The Master that stilled the storm on the Sea of Galilee^ could perform a like feat off the Coast of Honduras. The God Who revealed Himself to Jacob in a dream^ could do likewise in the case of Columbus. Columbus embarked on the Atlantic with three sailing vessels, none of which was larger than the present day pleasure craft of inland waters, sailed across 3,000 miles of unknown seas and discovered a New World. This achievement is re- markable in itself when it is considered that to that time the passing beyond certain limits in the seas was reputed to mean not only certain death, but to invoke condemnation as a tempt- ing of Providence.* Yet it is not so much to this remarkable voyage and discovery that attention is directed, as to a number of incidents in the life of the man. Christopher Columbus was the son of humble parents and although little is known of his early life, it is quite certain that so far as education is concerned he had meager school advantages. His biographers speak of his being in the Univer- sity of Pavia, but whatever time he spent in that school was before the early age of fourteen years. If he had been by nature intended for a sailor, in which avocation he would be required to undergo hardships and privations and find his way out of difficulties, he received a good training to that end, as at the age of fourteen he adopted a sea-faring life, and by the time he was forty, he declared that he had been ''wherever ship had sailed." Through experience on the seas and much study he be- came convinced that new and unexplored lands lay to the West of Europe, and that it was feasible to sail thereto. Ac- cordingly he went to Portugal, the Court of a Monarch, who 2. The Gospel of St. Luke, VIII, 23-25. 3. Genesis XXVIII, 11-16. 4. Irving, Life of Columhus abridged edition. Chap. IX ; Windsor, Nar- rative and Critical History of American (Houghton & Mifflin), Vol. II, par. 1, Chap. I, p. 5 ; De Lorgues — Barry, p. 125. COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 93 had a reputation for exploration, and who possessed domains extending far into the West. To King John Columbus laid bare his plans. That monarch, it will be remembered, dis- played a deep interest in the projects outlined by Columbus but denied him assistance. Here arises one of the first of the peculiar occurrences to be here noted. No sooner had Colum- bus left his presence than the king fitted out a fleet for West- ern exploration, and directed the captain to follow the route laid down by Columbus, having possessed himself of the maps and charts prepared by Columbus. In after years enemies of Columbus sought to make light of his achievement in sailing across the ocean by stating that any sailor could have per- formed a similar feat. It is noticeable, however, that the Portuguese fleet fitted out and backed by the King himself, encountered storms almost from the day it put to sea, and after but a short voyage was driven back to shelter in the harbor. Thus, for the first time, was there what seemed a direct inter- position in the interest of the mission of Columbus.^ Learning of the perfidy of the Portuguese King, Colum- bus turned his back upon Portugal, and made his way to Spain. As we read the life of Columbus, we cannot help think- ing that it was a remarkable occurrence when Columbus and his son Diego, practically mendicants, presented themselves at the gates of La Rabida, that he should there have met, of all the inhabitants of that great convent, the prior, Juan Perez, himself. Had some lay brother or other person than Father Perez happened at the gate at that moment and ignored the beggars, as might have been the case, or simply supplied their immediate demands for food and wished them Godspeed, on their journey, the glorious career of Columbus might there have ended, and history as now written must be recast. The world now recognizes that the prior of La Rabida was the sustaining force that eventually secured the co-opera- tion of the Spanish crown. The meeting therefore of Christo- 5. Irving, op. cit.. Chap. IV. 94 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS pher Columbus with Father Perez at La Rabida was an aus- picious one, and in the light of subsequent events it is possible to believe a part of a general design, the culmination of which was the accomplishment of a Divine mission." Although the prior of La Rabida exercised a strong in- fluence with the Spanish Government and his friendship gave THE FIRST MASS IN THE NEW WORLD (From the Cross and the Flag, frontispiece.) Columbus a standing with the great men of the day, that he could not otherwise have secured, yet there were years of delay and disappointment for Columbus in forwarding his life proj- ect. After he had for years stormed the court with his en- treaties and demands he began to despair and in an hour of dis- appointment despatched his brother Bartholomew to the court of England to enlist the aid of Henry the VII. It is a matter 6. lb., Chap. V. "He must have been led there by one of those chances, calculated admirably, which reveal to us the action of a Superior Power before which we adoringly fall prostrate." De Lorgues, Life of Christopher Columbus, translated by Barry, p. 87. COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 95 of history that the English King was anxious for such an opportunity and the opinion is expressed by historians that he would gladly have taken up the project and provided the means necessary to pursue it. However, another remarkable interposition in the shape of stormy weather occurred. Bar- tholomew is driven out of his course ; his ship is wrecked, and he does not arrive at the court of the English King until Columbus' project is well under way, backed by the Spanish Queen.^ For seven weary years Columbus begged, entreated, urged and importuned the Spanish Court, and for seven years was he put aside, disappointed and denied. He was about to leave the Spanish realms in disgust. He calls again upon his friend, Father Perez, in his peaceful retreat at La Rabida and again the good prior exerts his powerful influence, this time upon the Queen, and she sends for Columbus. He arrives at Court just when the long, bloody struggle between Castile and Aragon on the one side and the infidel Moors on the other has been brought to a termination in favor of Spain, and just as Columbus enters the citadel, as if in anticipation of the work he is destined to perform, the gilded cross, the emblem of Spanish ascendency is raised over the late Moorish strong- hold, and the city passes from Moorish to Spanish domina- tion. The coincidence, which brought about the elevation of the cross at the moment that Christopher Columbus actually begun the prosecution of his great project, seems to many significant in the light of the many other remarkable inci- dents in this great man's life.* It is worth while here to digress from the narration of the remarkable occurrences in the life of Columbus to notice what took place between him and the sovereigns. The good queen, finally won over to the project, inquired of Columbus 7. See Windsor, op. cit., as to visit of Bartholomew Columbus to English King. 8. De Lorgues in his I/t/e o/ Columhua called attention to this fact. 96 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS his terms, and was surprised when he demanded the admiralty of the seas and the vice royalty of all lands discovered by him, as well as ten per cent of all the profits and emoluments of his voyage. But yesterday he was a beggar. Today he demands royalty and great riches. In the light of subse- quent developments no chronicler has charged Columbus with either vanity or cupidity on account of his demands. To the student of Columbus' life and character, it is plain that the great navigator made two discoveries, one a mental operation, and the other a physical fact.® Many are pleased to believe that the possibility of his project was revealed to him by a superhuman power, and it is certain that Columbus himself so thought. Eepeatedly, before undertaking his voyage of discovery, he stated that he was Divinely commissioned so to do. It is certain at least that Columbus was just as sure of the success of his venture before the Spanish sovereigns con- sented to assist him as he was on the day he actually landed at San Salvador. That being true, it is easy to understand why he should demand an admiral 's commission, a vice-royalty, and a portion of the fruits of his discovery. It is worth re- membering too that Columbus ever made plain that whatever profits he realized from his discoveries were to be devoted to advancing the glory of God, and the spread of the Catholic faith, his primary object being the great Catholic work of his day, the wresting from the infidels of the burial place of Christ. Taken in connection with the many other remarkable inci- dents in the navigator's life, it seems rather strange, though not out of keeping with the event, that after numerous diffi- culties and disappointments had been overcome, he should have sailed on his first voyage to the New World on Friday, the day on which Christ gave up his life to atone for the sins of men; that after he had battled the seas for seventy days, where no trace of civilized man had ever been impressed, he 9. De Lorgues, op. cit., p. 117. COLUMBUS THE PEOTONYM 97 should have landed in the New World on Friday, and that after an exceedingly perilous return he should again enter the port of Palos from which he started seven months before, on Friday. Other remarkable occurrences in connection with dates record his extraordinary escape from shipwreck by the assistance of savage natives on Christmas day, and his death on Ascension day/° Columbus was noted as a devout man in an age of devo- tion. He appreciated the justice and greatness of God, and was solicitous to make suitable return for God 's gifts. Accord- ingly, he never asked a favor, but he promised a requital. Evidence of this is found in the fact that as he prayed for the success of the project that filled his life, he promised in return to rescue the Holy Sepulcher. History records also that on his return from the first voyage to the New World, he was beset with the fiercest storms. It is stated that the winter was the hardest and stormiest known to sailors up to that time. The frail vessel, the Nina, was the only one left of the three caravels with which Columbus left Palos, the Santa Maria having been shipwrecked off LaNavadad, where Columbus was so remarkably rescued on Christmas Day, and the master of the Pinta, Alonzo Pinzon, having deserted, nothing seemed left to Columbus and the crew but a watery grave. On this occasion the great dignity of the man shone out in all its splendor. As quietly as possible he drew up an account of his discovery and placing it in a cake of wax, sealed it care- fully in a strong cask which he set afloat upon the ocean. Then he and all his crew on bended knees offered themselves to God, and devoutly promised that if delivered from their pres- ent peril, they would make a pilgrimage to the first church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin in reach of which they would come. It is recorded even by the historians that are the least favorable to Columbus that after this solemn vow the storm subsided, and the worn out and leaky caravel was eventually 10. De Lorgues and Irving have called attention to these facts. 98 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS piloted into the port of Lisbon. It is just as literally recorded that the vow made on board the imperiled vessel was faith- fully fulfilled/^ Another instance of much the same nature is recorded in reference to the third voyage, while coasting off the shores of South America near Veragua. The tropical rays of the sun had rendered the frail craft in which Columbus and his crew were making their explorations a leaky hulk, dangerous in the calmest waters, but to their horror a fierce storm arose and the death of all was imminent. Historians say that in this, as in many other critical situations, in his life, Columbus maintained his dignity of demeanor and gathered the crew about him ask- ing God to shield them from the special danger of a water- spout which they saw proceeding directly toward the ship, and that altogether they chanted the gospel of St. John, and strange as it seems the deadly waterspout veered in its direc- tion, missed the ship, the storm subsided, and the sun shone out bright and clear once again.^^ If Columbus was granted some of the glories of the world, it is certain that he suffered much of its tragedy. Great men and doers of great deeds excite envy and jealousy. Colum- bus was no exception to this rule. As soon as the discovery of the new lands was made known enemies began to use their power against the discoverer. The viceroyalty and other dig- nities which go with government was coveted by lesser souls, and accordingly complaints were lodged with the Spanish sovereigns against Columbus' rule; and though the Spanish sovereigns were loath to listen to such complaints, yet they resulted in the sending of representatives of the Court to the new colonies which were established by Columbus. The first of the representatives was Bobadilla, who grossly exceeded his powers, and who upon his arrival at the new colony cast Colum- bus into chains and sent him home to Spain. It is due the 11. lb., p. 203, et seq. 12. lb., p. 466, et seq. COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 99 Spanish King and Queen to say that Columbus upon his arrival was at once released, and some amends were made for his sufferings, and another commissioner, Ovando, was sent to the New World with instructions to arrest Bobadilla and re- store order. At the same time Columbus was fitted out with another fleet for further explorations. To avoid any conflict of LA RABIDA AND THE CARAVELS (From a painting by G. W. Maynard, of the replica of La Rabida erected in 1892 on the World's Columbian Exposition grounds, Chicago, and the reproductions of the Columbus Caravels also exhibited at the Exposition. Painting loaned for this book by C. D. Peacock & Co., Jewelers, Chicago. The La Rabida replica was recently destroyed by fire and the Caravels are falling into decay.) authority he was asked not to touch at Hispaniola, but to pro- ceed farther and explore the islands and countries farther to the west. Due to mishaps which put his fleet in bad condi- tion, however, Columbus finally was obliged to stop at His- paniola and ask for help. The new governor, Ovando, while not so wicked and incompetent as Bobadilla, nevertheless stem- 100 EINTGHTS OF COLOIBrS IN ILLINOIS W refused to permit Columbus to enter the harbor of the New World he had discovered and the colony he had planted. In this connection and at this time another remarkable occurrence took place. Ovando. in order to satisfy the demand for greater returns from the new po^essions, by the use of dubious measures, had gathered up gold and other valuable products from the island sufficient to freight fifteen ships and *-as just at this time ready to return them with BobadiUa and Roldan. another criminal and disturber, to Spain. Colum- bus, learning that they were about to start sent word to Ovando begging him to retain the fleet in the harbor for a few days as he felt that a great storm was about to burst upon the waters and asserted that the fleet would not be able to sostain it. Ovando ignored the practiced navigator's warn- ing, drove Columbus from his shores and started the richest fleet that up to that time had ever left the "Western continent on its way to satisfy the desires and please the cupidity of the gold seekers of Spain. The Sequel. — fourteen of the gold- laden ships and all their oiffieers and crews found resting places in the bottom of the ocean. One only escaped, the poorest, weakest and most miserable of the lot, but the one which con- tained ail the earthly possessions of Christopher Columbus, rode out the storm and came safely into the Spanish port.^' Columbus too. after a most perilous voyage,, succeeded in sav- ing his life and that of his crew from the ravages of the in- tense tropical storms,^^ It was while making his way as best he might on this voyage that he was sorely beset in many ways; while cruis- ing on the coast of Honduras, at every opportunity he was attacked by the savage inhabitants and was finally prostrated with sickness. History would indicate that, never at any time in the course of his long and troubled career was he so near despair as ujwn this occasion. The records at the Court of Spain, however, show that at this critical period he seems to 13. /»-, p. 44a, e* aeq. COLUMBUS IHZ P30T0NYM 101 have reeeired eomf ort in an imnanal wsj. Wldle ijmg tm ins bed of fever in a state of abject maaesj. he lad a irisian of which he- wrote the King and Queen of Spain in tlr ; ing language: '•TTeary and a^liii^ I fdl into & I heard a piteous voiee saying to me. ^Never eease lo : _ t and serve thv G^id. who is tiie God of all; vliat c ' ^ more for Moses than He has don? f - •:-- * Ft-- *"- _t :f thy birth He has ever had liko: i H - 7- - " T^ this strain Colmnbos state?; - . desponding mind and gav^ r - * The historians agree that Ae piety :i . i:_ etMBist alcme in protestations, but testify ' tice thereof. It is wdl known that evfrv -ii..-z-,.^snag was begun by Columbus in the nane ani i :r z'z- rliry of God: that religious exereises preceded every implor»s thereafter.-^ ImmediateiT at landing ~ ~ new domain Colambas raised the standard of ^paan ^ :-- cross, and it is in connection witit this praetiee, rais^nr ' cross, that one of the mr«5t ranaikable ocemrenees It eitire career occurred. Crosses were Ranted evearywhir 14. i»-, p. 47S, ft •rf. 13. Ok lu«iii« ~ ~ 102 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Columbus touched, but at a certain point on the Island of Hispaniola, which Columbus named La Conception in honor of the Immaculate Conception, he directed that a great giant of the forest be cut down and that from its trunk, which was gigantic in its proportions, should be made the tree and from its largest branches the arms of a cross, and that it be planted deep at La Conception. The heart of the great discoverer went out peculiarly to this point. It is here that he directed in his will that three churches be built, one to the Blessed Trinity; one to the Immaculate Conception, and one to the King and Queen of Spain. It is said that the great cross at La Con- ception was a most conspicuous object on account of its height and magnitude, and that at its foot Columbus retired in the dead of the night to pray and seek consolation. The spot seemed especially dear to him. Other devoted inhabitants of the island noticing the particular attention given by Colum- bus to the cross of La Conception imitated him and went there to pray, and it was later discovered that those who came to the cross sick with fever and other disorders, and in a proper spirit asked heavenly help, were cured of their disorders. And when the fame of these cures went abroad, the cross of Conception be- came an object of pious pilgrimages from all parts, and the lame, the sick and the halt came there and were made whole. In this particular locality the natives were hostile, and noting the great gatherings of the Spaniards near the cross, and the fact that the sick went away cured, they thought it an object of disadvantage to them and determined upon its destruction. Accordingly, they threw heavy ropes about it and sought without avail to pull it down but were unable so to do by their united strength. Being determined to rid the locality of the object that seemed displeasing to them, they gathered dry brushwood and piled it about the cross and set it on fire. The flames and smoke soon enveloped the cross and hid it from the sight of the savages, and they went away rejoicing in the belief that it had been destroyed. However, when they came COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 103 in sight of the spot again the next morning, they beheld the great cross standing erect and uninjured as before the fire was set ; only the ashes and charred remains of the brushwood at its foot indicated the fire that had raged on the day before. It is said the savages then sought to cut it down, but as fast as pieces were cut from the cross the wood was renewed and no trace left of the hacking of the rude blades. The Spaniards also found that when pieces were cut away from the wood of the cross the places were renewed and many frag- ments of the cross of Conception, which became known as the "True Cross" were transported to all parts of the world, and from these fragments many remarkable cures were reported. This cross stood on the plains of Conception for at least a century, and regulations concerning it were entered at differ- ent times in the Spanish archives. When the territory of La Conception was practically deserted, however, the Arch- bishop of San Domingo had the Cross removed and placed in a chapel near the cathedral. It is recorded that when a tempest laid all other buildings in San Domingo waste the chapel en- closing the ' ' True Cross ' ' remained intact. It is not known under what conditions or when the ' ' True Cross ' ' lost the power of renewing the parts cut away from it, but it is recorded that such was the fact, and the fact seems to be that this True Cross of Conception was gradually cut to pieces and carried away to different parts of the world, and many great churches still boast of portions of it imbedded in the crosses which are raised over their altars.^® From an earthly standpoint the life of Columbus was a joyless one. The great project he had in mind overshadowed his whole life and it does not appear that he was able to give thought to anything else. All his life he was separated from his family and the victim of much suffering and anxiety. It is certain, however, that he seldom murmured, apparently 16. See complete details of "La Swntisaimi Cruz" in De Lorgues, p. 598, et seq. 104 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS considering that trials and difficulties were the price he must pay for the success of his project. True, he had some temporal honors, as, for example, his triumphal return from his first voyage, which, perhaps would repay a worldly man for all the difficulties of an entire life, but in like manner he suffered many deprivations and humiliations. History records that his last days were obscure and miserable. His enemies had suc- ceeded in doing him a great deal of harm, but when the grave finally claimed him, it was on Ascension Day, the same day upon which his Heavenly Master ascended to the glory of heaven, and judged by the accepted standards of the Church, namely, a life well spent, we are justified in believing that the soul of Christopher Columbus was on that Ascension Day received in heaven to bask in the Blessed Presence of the Master he served with such fidelity. The matter of fact present day reader may deprecate the manner of treatment herein employed. It may be sug- gested that it is useless and possibly injurious to intima. supernatural circumstances and influences in the face of the, perhaps, more than skeptical thought of the times. In view of such considerations it should be stated that the reader is under no obligation, moral or otherwise, to ac- cept the recitals as facts. It is believed, however, that one who attempts to acquaint himself with the life and labors of Columbus should be put in possession of these thoughts and views, as well as of the purely natural and prosaic facts and events. These considerations too are essential to an understanding of some controversies that have risen since the days of Colum- bus. Like every man of merit Columbus had his antagonists and enemies. During his lifetime many attempts were made to discredit him, and so powerful were some of his opponents that temporary triumphs were gained over him. It is well remembered that he was sent home from the New World he had discovered loaded with chains and ignomy; that his last COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 105 days were spent in practical penury and that he died scorned and neglected. Though gloriously vindicated after his death and honored by all just men since his time, there have arisen a few slander- ers and detractors. It would perhaps be better to give no notice to the evil conceptions of such, and that course would be adopted, but for the appearance of credence that has been lent in some of our most easily accessible publications. Stu- dents of the life of Columbus will from time to time find references reflecting upon the great navigator's career. Of all of these it may be said that they have been exhaustively studied and completely refuted. It may be of benefit to put readers and students on their guard with reference to slanders against the memory of Colum- bus. The first of the slanderers was Galieni Napione, a Pied- montese Count, who first gave his pretended information to the world in 1805. His slander was repeated by Francois Can- cellieri in 1809. The statements of these men were given no attention, nor was the subject of their slanders, until they were repeated by a Barnabite Priest named Spotorno. Mar- tin Fernandez de Navarrete repeated the slander wholly upon the authority of Spotorno. Just at the time that Navarrete was preparing his work for publication Washington Irving came to Spain for the purpose of examining documents and authorities to enable him to write his great work "The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus and his Companions." Feeling obliged to accept some of the views of Navarrete Irving grudgingly gives credence to part of the accusations, mitigates them, and entertains Spotorno 's imputations with a hesitation bordering upon repugnance. The next important work on Columbus was that of the German writer, Heinrich Humboldt. In his magisterial way Humboldt mentions and takes for granted the "curious fact" which "Navarrete has disclosed." Two others writers of more or less eminence have repeated the Columbus' slanders. They are Henri Harrisse, 106 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS born in Paris of Russian-Jewish parentage, and Justin Wind- sor. Both of these writers have exerted themselves to destroy the reputation of Columbus.^^ Having examined all the slanders and demonstrated their falsity De Lorgues writes "Let the piety of the faithful be reassured, let the admirers of Columbus have no fear; the herald of the Cross was always without reproach, as he was always without fear. ' ' Having indicated the enemies of the great admiral, it is fair to mention at least some of those who have seen him in a creditable light. In summing up the life of Columbus Wash- ington Irving said : "His piety was genuine and fervent; religion mingled with the whole course of his thoughts and actions, and shone forth in his most private and unstudied writings. Whenever he made any great discovery, he de- voutly returned thanks to God. The voice of prayer and the melody of praise rose from his ships on discovering the new world, and his first action on landing was to prostrate himself upon the earth and offer up tlianksgivings. Every evening the Salve Begina, and other vesper hymns, were performed in the beautiful groves that bordered the wild shores of this heathen land. All his great enterprises were undertaken in the name of the Holy Trinity and he partook of the holy sacrament previous to embarkation. He observed the festivals of the Church in the wildest situations. The Sabbath was to him a day of sacred rest^ on which he would never sail from a port, unless in case of extreme necessity. The religion thus deeply seated in his soul diffused sober dignity, and n benign composure, over his whole deportment; his very language was pure and guarded, and free from all gross or irreverent expressions, "is William H. Prescott in his great work "Ferdinand and Isabella," after examing minutely all the activities and char- acteristics of Columbus, said: "The finger of the historian will find it difficult to point to a single blemish in his moral character. . . . There are some men in whom rare virtues have been allied, if not to positive vice, to a degrading weakness. Columbus' character presented no such humiliating incongru- ity. Whether we contemplate it in its public or private relations, in all 17. See Clark's and Dc Lorgues' refutation. 18. Life of Columbus abridged (John Murray, London, 1830), p. 350. COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 107 its features it wears the same noble aspect. It was in perfect harmony with the grandeur of his plans, and the results more stupendous than those which heaven has permitted any other mortal to achieve, "i" There is another work, indeed two works, by a European, Count Rossely de Lorgues, that everyone who wishes to be well advised concerning Columbus should read. They are ''L'Am- hassadeur de Dieu" and Historie de sa Vie et de ses Voyages d' Apers des Documents authentiques tires d' Espagne et d' Italic." J. J. Barry, M. D., through the American News Company, published a translation of the latter work in 1869, which may be found in the libraries, and which, it may be stated, absolutely demolishes the slanders and insinuations of anti-Columbus writers.^" This exhaustive work was under- taken at the request of the then reigning Pope and after being examined at Rome the Father of the Vatican Council immedi- ately proposed the cause of Columbus for canonization. ^^ During the year of the World's Columbian Exposition an American writer of distinction, Richard H. Clarke, LL.D., published a scholarly and authoritative work under the title "Old and New Lights on Columbus," in which every state- ment of importance concerning Columbus brought to light be- fore that time is examined and the position of all those who have held Columbus to have been a man of the highest char- acter in every respect is ably sustained.^- The Knights of Columbus would reflect credit upon themselves by providing for the republication of this work in large quantities, and at a moderate price. Rev. R. A. G. Knight, S. J., wrote a charming story of 19 History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella The Catholic (J. B. Lippincott Company, 1872), Vol. Ill, p. 254. , , ^ 20. De Lorgues after writing the first of these books had a conference with the Pope and was urged by him to write a complete I/i/e of Oolumous. 21. In 1893 Mr. Richard H. Clarke through Rev. D. J. O'Connell, Rector of the Armenian College at Rome made inquiry regarding the cause of Columbus and received the following reply: „ "8 Via S. Apolhnaire. "The Sacred Congregation of Rites cannot treat of the cause of Christo- pher Columbus till the diocesan proceeses be ended, and these have not thus far been begun." ^ ^ ^ , ,, . „ See Clarke, Old and New Lights on Columhus, under notes following p. 595. 22. Pp. 160-161. 108 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Columbus in which the slanders referred to are completely refuted. The great American Archbishop, Most Kev. Patrick John Kyan, D. D., of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, wrote in 1893 a very interesting book entitled "Columbus the Catholic," in which he gives the great navigator a saintly character. As an evidence that he never changed his mind with reference to the worthiness of Columbus his words uttered many years later may be quoted. At a great celebration of Columbus Day in Philadelphia on October 12, 1909, Archbishop Ryan spoke to eight hundred banqueters, and in the course of his address said : "It is a great honor, it is a great tribute to Christopher Columbus, that after 400 years, his name should be mentioned in this manner and that this should be made a holiday, and that after all these years this perpetuity should be given to his name. Christopher Columbus was a great man because he did great things and did them from great motives. We talk of discovering the North Pole. Why, that is but a part of the world. Columbus discovered a whole world, a new world which was born out of Christianity and which was dedicated to Christianity. "Sometimes in driving through Fairmount Park, I pass two statues. One of them is Joan of Arc — that magnificent woman who, when she was asked how she dared to try to lead the army of France and why she did it, replied: 'I do not know, but I do it for the glory of God.' Joan of Arc has been beatified (since canonized) by our Church, and I rejoice in the beatification. And then I pass the other statue of Christo- pher Columbus. Many a time I have asked myself why he, too, has not been beatified. This great mariner, philosopher, discoverer, was greatest of all in virtue, in allegiance to God and his fellow-men. With Joan of Arc beatified, I would rejoice also if Columbus were beatified and canonized, and thus become the patron saint of your Order. ' ' Finally reference may be made to the encyclical of the great Pope Leo XIII issued July 16, 1892, in the course of which His Holiness said: "Inasmuch as that it is permitted by the course of events to appre- ciate the ways of Divine Providence it really seems that the man for whom Liguria honors herself was destined by a special plan of God to COLUMBUS THE PROTONYM 109 compensate Catholicism for the injury which it was going to suffer in Europe. " The main purposes of this study are to intensify the inter- est in everything that concerns Columbus, and to warn the reader not to take for granted derogatory statements with ref- erence either to Columbus or any one else simply because they may be found in some pretentious work, and especially when they are in plain contrast or contradiction with the known course of life or conduct of the person aspersed. Every member and friend of the Order could earnestly wish that the Knights of Columbus would measure up to the exalted estimate placed upon them by the author of one of the most charming volumes yet devoted to the great navigator, "Christopher Columhus in Poetry, History and Art," by Sarah Agnes Ryan, of Chicago, in which we read : "But high above all paintings; all monuments and buildings of stone or marble; high above the strains of operas and of dramas and poems of all the great thinkers; high above the influence of the books written, either to laud him or to condemn him; high above all such material mani- festations, is the great tribute of honor paid the memory of Columbus by the thousands of noble, clean-souled men who have chosen him as their model — for the 'highest form of flattery is imitation'; and surely have the Knights of Columbus shown sincere appreciation of the zeal of their protonym. "The Knights of old sallied forth to redress wrong, to defend the help- less and to succor the oppressed. Glorious indeed was their advent and magnificent their accoutrements; helmet and charger and shield of spot- less white. But what are the habiliments of tliese Knights who still hold aloft the banner of Faith which he, Columbus, their great Admiral, came to plant? They are the guardians of the sacred Light — as in days of old were the Vestal Virgins guardians of the sacred fire, lest the hearthstones be without warmth. "Thus are the Knights of Columbus caparisoned: " .... 'loins girt about with truth, and having on the breast- plate of justice, "And .... feet shod with the propagation of the gospel of peace: "In all things taking the shield of Faith .... and the helmet of salvation and the sword of the spirit (which is the Avord of God.) "2'^ 22. Pp. 160-161. CHAPTER VI ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ORDER IN ILLINOIS — ^PIONEER COUNCILS INSTITUTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF STATE DEPUTIES THOMAS S. KEIRNAN AND PATRICK L. MCARDLE ILLINOIS Early members of the Order state that many eastern Catho- lics visiting the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, and especially those who visited the Columbus Club headquarters, which was a very creditable Catholic institution at that time, talked much about the Knights of Columbus, and put many resident Catholics on in- quiry. It was not, however, until 1896, that anything definite was done. In that year Mr. Thomas S. Keirnan, for- merly of New York City, an active merchant of Chicago, was called to eastern points, including Boston, Brooklyn, New York and other places, and was not only made acquainted with the ex- cellences of the Order, but had the good fortune to be initiated into membership in Tremont Council of Boston.^ It can readily be understood that Mr. Keirnan came home filled with enthusiasm for the establishment of the Order in Chicago. He communicated with a number of his friends in so far as the rules would permit with reference to the Order, but failed to find the spontaneous response he had expected. In- deed, the Chicago men in general seemed to adopt the attitude 1. Mr. Keirnan received his degrees in Salem, Mass., at a joint exempli- fication by Tremont and Salem Councils in the year 1894. 110 PIONEER COUNCILS 111 that we were overrun with societies, and were skeptical of the success of a new one.^ The constitution and by-laws then required a charter mem- bership of at least twenty as requisite to the organization of a council — apparently a very small number. But it is certain that even this number was very hard to secure. To assist in marshaling the membership Thomas Harrison Cummings of Boston was sent to Chicago by the National officers in the capacity of organizer. Mr. Cummings rendered some aid and in time the requisite number with a few to spare were signed up, and a petition was sent to the National Council ask- ing leave to organize. In due course the petition was granted, and the council was given the name of Chicago Council, and numbered 182. Of course there was no nearby council — not one west of the Allegheny Mountains, to perform the degree work, and degree officers had to be sent from the East. For this im- portant mission Honorable John J. Delaney, one of the ablest lawyers in New York, and then State Deputy, of the New York State Council, was selected by the National Council, and authorized to select his staff of degree officers for the occasion. 182 CHICAGO COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. S. R. Roumie John P. Foerster Rev. Christopher P. r-T, a^t-. t^xttp'-htq William D. Munhall Foster GRAND KNIGHTS— Timothy H. Clifford Rev. Kdmund Byrnes Thomas S. Keirnan Dennis M. Finerty Rev. Charles J. Quille Micliael W. Gleason "William J. Callaghan Rev. John A. Fleming Edward A. Bern Henry J. Lynch Rev. F. G. Dinneen, John J. Phelan Alexander Pope S. J. James Maher Francis B. Allegretti Rev. Carl J. OsthofE, Frank J. Sherlock Nicholas J. Rueland C. M. State Deputy Delaney arrived in Chicago on July 7th, 1896, and under his direction the first, second and third de- grees were exemplified to the Chicago applicants. There were twenty-three men in this first Illinois class, whose names follow : 2. So stated by Mr. Keirnan and others. 112 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS FIRST ILLINOIS MEMBERS Keirnan, Thomas S.s McCarthy, Edward J. Cardona, Raymond McCarthy, John J. Carroll, William B. McGrath, John P. Clifford, Timothy H. Mclntyre, George V. Conley, Charles E. Morrison, James D. Cummings, Edmund S. Mullen, Thomas A. Fitzgerald, H. J. Naghten, Frank A. Fleming, James D. Naghten, James I. Gleason, Michael W. Reed, Lawrence J. Kearns, Hugh J. Riley, WiUiam Usher Keevan, Thomas F. Russell, Dr. Dennis P. Long, John E. Weldon, Thomas E. Thirty-two men had made application and had been ap- proved for this pioneer council, and the names of that number of men appear on the charter, but, as a fact, only twenty-three were initiated on that first occasion. It is interesting to contrast this diminutive class with classes of one hundred and more that members have seen receive the honors of the Order. No throngs were gathered there, silently viewing the work and affording the assistance of their presence and participation. The witnesses were made up chiefly of delegates and visitors to the National Democratic Convention then in progress in Chicago. Before appearing at this initiation they had come under the spell of the rising young orator, William Jennings Bryan, and his renowned "Cross of Gold" speech. No doubt many of the applicants also had been thrilled by that epoch- making utterance, but all survivors assure us that the degree was a thriller; and as most members maintain with reference to the occasion when they received their degrees, that the per- formance of July 7th, 1896, was "the greatest in the history of the Order." 3. As has been seen, Keirnan had joined through Tremont Council, Boston. PIONEER COUNCILS 113 John Ward of Manhattan Council, New York, as Chancellor, and Richard Farley also of New York in an important role in the major degree are well remembered. The institution took place in Fraternity Hall, 17 West Adams street, and an impromptu banquet at Boyle's Chop House or the Baltimore Inn, as some have it, succeeded. The first set of officers of Chicago Council included : Thomas S. Keirnan, Grand Knight; Hugh J. Kearns, Deputy Grand Knight; William B. Carroll, Recorder; John J. McCarthy, Financial Secretary; James I. Naghten, Treasurer; Michael W. Gleason, Chancellor ; George V. Mclntyre, Warden ; Charles E. Conley, Inside Guard, and Dr. Dennis P. Russell, Medical Examiner.* A second class was initiated by the same degree staff two months later, and by the end of the year nearly 500 members had been admitted. The council was of course a center of interest from the very beginning, and became active in every endeavor appropriate to the Order. Its earliest recorded activities had to do with lectures on a large scale. The State Council, which was or- ganized three years after Chicago Council was instituted, intro- duced itself to the public through a series of notable lectures. The first was given in 1902 by the learned and eloquent Wash- ington clergyman. Rev. D. J. Stafford, D. D., and the next in 1903 by the gifted Bishop of Peoria, John Lancaster Spalding. For each of these lectures Chicago Council subscribed for 200 tickets.^ Every kind of religious and charitable work was fostered by the council. The benefactions of a single year, 1908, will indicate the character of such work. During that year the council made a donation to Rev. Leander Zaro, Catholic mis- sionary from the Philippine Islands, to assist in the educa- 4. John J. McCarthy and W. B. Carroll resigned early in the year, ami were succeeded by Hugh Erwin and Daniel W. Maher (Murphy, History uj Chicago Council, p. 19). 5. As noted elsewhere. Bishop Spalding was unahle to appear, and his place was filled bv Rev. Thomas E. Sherman, S. J. (Report of State Deputy McArdle, May 3, 1904, p. 5.) 114 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS HON. JOHN J. DELANEY, State Deputy, New York, Who as Chief Degree Officer Instituted Chicago Council, 182 PIONEER COUNCILS 115 tion of native priests. One thousand dollars was voted to the Church Extension Society to be paid at the rate of $100.00 per annum. An appropriation was made to the Chicago Chapter to assist in publishing a catalogue of books by Catholic authors in the Public Library. Donations were made to the House of A GROUP OF THE FIRST ILLINOIS MEMBERS Charles E. Conley, Edmund S. Cummings, Michael W. Gleason, George V. Mclntyre, James D. Morrison and James I. Naghten the Good Shepherd and the Ephpheta School for the Deaf and Dumb. During the same year a scholarship was voted to De Paul University, and later this scholarship was made perma- nent, and both St. Ignatius College and De Paul University were r\ade beneficiaries. -The annual banquet and ball have 116 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS always been features of Chicago Council 's activities, and have been made great social events.® During the war much care was taken to keep in touch with the men in the service from the council, and their families were visited by committees and every courtesy and assistance extended them. A gallery of the men in the service was as- sembled and adorns the walls of the council chamber.^ A surprisingly large number of councils in Chicago trace their origin or near relationship to Chicago Council, as will be seen in the council sketches following. During its existence the council initiated some 1,200 members, but due to transfers to new councils, deaths, resignations, etc., it has never at any time contained more than half that number.* The council celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary on July 7, 1921, with a banquet at the Hotel Sherman. Seven of the survivors of the original twenty-four members were present. Each entertained the banqueters with brief reminiscences. The occasion was honored by the presence of the Supreme Knight, James A. Flaherty, who spoke at length on the accomplish- ments of the Order and by the State Deputy of Illinois, Ed- ward Houlihan, who dwelt upon the work of the Order in Illinois. The Toast Master was Past Grand Knight and present State Secretary Henry J. Lynch who was introduced by the Grand Knight Francis B. Allegretti. An official history of the council prepared by Richard J. Murphy tells in detail the story of the accomplishments of the council and the part played by the several members and offi- cers. This is the first volume purporting to chronicle the principal events of interest for an Illinois council and is a most satisfactory initial effort.'' 6. For an exteuded account of the work of the council see History of Chicago Council, op. cit. 7. The age of Chicago Council is apparent In its eligible list for service in the war. Most of the members were beyond the age for enlistment. 8. See Histoni, op. cit. 9. Mr. Murphy, who was a writer and newspaper man of many years' experience, died in 1922, just after the completion of this boolv. He was a native of Boston, l)orn March 1, 1861 ; came to Chicago witli his parents at five years of age. Received his education at ^t. Ignatius College ; was Secre- PIONEER COUNCILS 117 244 MARQUETTE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. C. M. Ries Thomas D. Griffin Rev. P. N. Perry Rev. Paul B. Smith Daniel W. Maher Rev. James Callahan ,-in a tvtt^ T^TvyT^trmo Edward W. Rew Rev. P. A. McLoughlin GRAIMD KNlGHi b— Francis O'Shaughnessy Rev. James Scanlan Lewis E. Sauter W. Francis Corby Rev. Sidney J. Morri- Thomas P. Hallinan Philip J. Maguire son Thomas H. Cannon Thomas G. Sexton Rev. Joseph A. Boll- Edmind K. Fleming Arthur Donoghue man James P. O'Connor John H. Harrington Rev. Joseph E. Phelan Marquette Council No. 244 was the second council organ- ized in Illinois and was instituted June 27, 1897, nearly a year after Chicago. In May, 1897, at a meeting of Chicago Council, a resolution was unanimously adopted authorizing the Grand Knight, Thomas S. Keirnan (who had also then been appointed Terri- torial Deputy Supreme Knight), to select a Committee to undertake the formation of a Council on the North Side in Chicago.^" Thereupon, he appointed an Organization Com- mittee of members of Chicago Council, residing on the North Side consisting of Lewis Edward Sauter, Thomas P. Hallinan, M. W. Diffley, Daniel W. Maher, John A. Boland, Frank T. O'Leary, and James D. Morrison. Two preliminary meetings were held, a week apart, at the old Revere House on North Clark St., presided over by Lewis Edward Sauter, and the charter roll was closed with sixty-five names comprising forty- seven new applicants and eighteen members transferred from Chicago Council. Three names for the council were proposed, viz., Marquette, Columbia and LaSalle, and on motion of Mr. Diffley, the name "Marquette" was selected." tary of Promotion and Publicity of the World's Fair, and in his later years a publisher and real estate dealer. 10. Wisdom was displayed in the mother council by providing for the extension of the Order on the north, south and west sides of the city, as will be seen. 11. Thus was Chicago's discoverer, first missionary, and first white resi- dent honored. Father Marquette passed down the Chicago river to the lake in August or September, 1673, and visited the site of Chicago again in 1074, landing at the mouth of the Chicago river, then at the foot of Madison street. on December 4, 1674. There he remained for seven days, celebrating Mass each day except December S, and then moved up the river to what is now Robey street and the drainage canal, where he lived from December 14, 1674, to March 29, 1675. (See Marquette's letters in Jesuit Relations, Vol. 59.) 118 KNIGHTS OF COLU^IBUS IN ILLINOIS The Council was instituted at the North End Masonic Temple, No. 1500 N. Clark St., Chicago. The first and second degrees were exemplified bv the officers of Chicago Council. The major degree was presided over by Hon. John J. Cone of New Jersey, then Deputy Supreme Knight of the Order. He JAMES HORAN. Marquette Council, Cliief Chicago Fire Department THOMAS H. CANNON. Marquette Council, H. C. R. C. O. F. was ably assisted by John J. Phelan and Patrick ^Murphy, both of whom then officiated for the first time and demonstrated the marked ability which soon made them widely known tor the excellence of their work. Among the charter members of Marquette Council were Thomas H. Cannon, James Horan, Thomas J. Dawson, John PIONEER COU^XILS 119 T. Connerr, Quin O'Brien, John A. Mahoney, William J. Lvman, James J. Gray, James Bowers, Richard J. Reynolds and Joseph J. Kelley. The first Grand Knight of the Council was Lewis Edwara Santer. Thomas P. Hallinan was the Deputy Grand Knight, pi 2^ r INTERIOR DE LA SALLE COUXCIL HOiEE Frank T. O'Leary, Financial Secretary and Daniel W. Maher, R-ecording Secretary. Marquette Council was an especially active organization, and was the first council in Chicago to secure club house ac- commodations. In the year 1906, the quarters of the Lincoln Cycling Club at 1134 Dearborn Street was taken over by the council. These quarters contained a large auditorium, swim- ming pool and bowling and hand ball alleys, billiard room 120 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS and commodious club rooms, and were occupied by the council until 1916, when the owners, the Chicago Railways Company, desiring the property for an employes' club, declined to re- new the lease. Since being deprived of a club house, meetings were held in the Bush Temple until February, 1920, Avhen a new club house was leased at Clark and Schiller Streets. Special work of Marquette Council includes the mainte- nance of a scholarship at De Paul University, an annual dona- tion to the Xavier Braille Publication Society for the Blind, the purchase of $4,750.00 of Liberty bonds and $500.00 in War Savings Stamps. The council contributed its full quota to the Half Million Dollar Endowment Fund of the Catholic Uni- versity, and in all of the war time drives. It has always been represented in baseball and other athletic activities.^ - On April 1, 1921, Marquette Council had 591 members, 282 DE LA SALLE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. Wm. R. Griffin Richard M. Hallinan Rev. D. F. McGuire Rev. R. A. Fagan Thomas J. Kane Rev. F. A. Purcell, r^-o a-kit^ r^T^nr^urj^a Laurence T. Riordan D. D, GRAND KNIGHTS— jo^n P. Dillon Rev. T. V. Shannon Patrick L. McArdle Thomas P. Flynn Rev. E. L. Dondanville Joseph Joyce Charles H. Roche Rev. F. E. Scanlon George V. Mclntyre Owen E. Desmond Rev. J. P. Doran James P. Monahan James C. Holland Rev. B. C. Heeney James J. Kelly John F. Zimmerman Rev. T. E. O'Shea Michael V. Kannally Thomas J. Clancy De LaSalle Council No. 282 was instituted on November 7,1897. In August of that year Thomas S. Keirnan, the Grand Knight of Chicago Council, and Territorial Deputy of Illi- nois, appointed a committee, consisting of Patrick L. McArdle, Thomas F. Delaney and George V. Mclntyre, to organize a council on the south side. The preliminary meetings were held in the Lexington Hotel, and at the institution the first and second degrees were conferred by degree teams from Chicago and Marquette councils, the third by District Deputy Supreme Knight John W. Hogan and staff of Syracuse, New York.^^ 12. Mr. Thomas D. Griffin, the president of the Illinois Knights of Colum- bus Athletic Commission, is at present Grand Knight of Marquette Council. 13. Mr. Hogan, as has been seen, was very active in promoting a sound insurance system for the Order. PIONEER COUNCILS 121 DE LA SALLE COUNCIL HOME 122 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS De LaSalle Council has been from the beginning a virile organization, and from that council have come some of the most capable men of the Order. The chairman of the Organ- ization Committee and the first Grand Knight of the council, Patrick L. McArdle, who had come into the Order through JOSEPH JOYCE, De LaSalle Council MICHAEL V. KANNALLT, De LaSalle Council Chicago Council, developed into a notable exponent of the Degree "Work, was elected State Deputy within a short time after the organization of De LaSalle Council, and as has been seen, was raised successively to the positions of Deputy Su- preme Knight and National Advocate. From De LaSalle Council also came Thomas P. Flynn, who became Master of PIONEER COUNCILS 123 LaSalle Assembly of the Fourth Degree, and later Vice-Su- preme Master of the Fourth Degree.^* De LaSalle Council owns and maintains a commodious home. On April 1, 1921, the council had 657 members. In 1898 four new councils were organized, viz., Illinois, Englewood, Lafayette and Joliet. 301 ILLINOIS COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Michael F. Sullivan Rev. J. A. Hynes Hugh J. Kearns John T Lillis Rev. Peter J. Muldoon Edvi^ard F. Kennedy i^'"®? *- ^ J^rien Rev. P. C. Conway Edward F. Keefe Theodore E. Cornell Rev. Thomas F. Quinn Philip J. McKenna iP"", "c ^S'F,^" Rev. A. T. Terlecke Edward D. O'Brien j!,^^"*^ ^•,?' o^" ^^ William F. Ryan Edmund M. Smnott William N. Brown Thomas Garrity Illinois Council 301 was instituted January 16, 1898. The first steps with reference to the organization of what developed into Illinois Council were directed by Hugh J. Kearns, Daniel J. O'Connor, Edward F. Kennedy, Thomas F. Smith and some others, all of Chicago Council. Preliminary meetings were held in Lowther's Hall, Madison Street and California Avenue, and sixty applicants were enrolled. The council was instituted at Fraternity Hall, 17 "W. Adams Street. The first and second degrees were conferred by officers of Chicago Council. Dis- trict Deputy W. J. Cashman and staff from Boston officiated in the major degree. The first officers of Illinois Council were Chaplain Rev. J. A. Hynes ; Grand Knight, Hugh J. Kearns ; Deputy Grand Knight, Edward F. Kennedy; Chancellor, Frank T. Kannane; Recorder, Daniel J. O'Connor; Financial Secretary, Thomas J. Smith; Treasurer, Joseph G. Murphy; Lecturer, Robert M. Sweitzer ; Advocate, Francis J. Sullivan ; "Warden, John J. Gleason ; Trustees, Wm. Smith, George Clark, T. Frank Quilty, M. J. Flanagan and J. A. Selleck. Illinois Council claims the distinction of establishing the custom of approaching Holy Communion in a body during Easter time. 14. Mr. Flynn devoted several years of effort to the promotion of the Fourth Degree. 124 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS From the earliest the Council has followed the custom of an an- nual memorial Mass for deceased members. A ' ' question box ' ' was made a feature of the meetings of Illinois Council at the suggestion of Kev. T. F. Quinu. A notable event in the history of the council was the cotillion given at Illinois Hall in May, 1904. An eminently successful minstrel show was given at the Y. M. C. A. Hall February, 1906. A special form of activity A DEVOTED TRIO OF ILLINOIS MEMBERS Edward McDonald, Michael J. Tierney and Phillip J. Sharkey in Illinois Council for some years was lectures by qualified business and professional men. Among these were lectures on the United States Navy by Wm. B. "Wilson ; on Dentistry, Dr. E. F. Keefe; Pneumonia, Dr. H. J. Way; Traction Ques- tions, Alderman W. F. Brenuan ; Passion Play, Illustrated, by Jacob F. Mehren ; Tunnelling by T. Frank Quilty ; Ireland, illustrated, by Philip J. McKenna ; Eome, illustrated, by Miss Virginia Vaughan ; Irish Music, by William Dillon ; Rendition of Irish Music, by Rev. J. K. Fielding; Infallibility of the Pope, by Alexander Sullivan; The American Republic, its Mission, our duty and our Opportunity, and Joan of Arc, by John F. Scanlan; A trip Abroad, by Rev. T. F. Quinn; Pa- triotism, by District Deputy Michael V. Kannally ; The Holy Land by Rt. Rev. F. C. Ferron; a series of scientific lectures OD Astronomy, Gravity, The Earth's Formation and Aerial PIONEER COUNCILS 125 Navigation, by P. E. McDonnell; Trip Down the Drainage Canal, by Thomas J. Webb ; The Church Crisis in France, by John J. Ewing; Actors' Art, by Brother Ambrose of the Christian Brothers.^^ Upon the entry of onr Country into the World War, Uli- ■PPH V^^i ^^^^V ^^^ *% ^^H Bl (fet^ PHILLIP J. McKENNA, Illinois ^Council r * Illi ROBERT M. SWEITZER, Illinois Council nois Council seized the opportunity of being of service to the Nation and the Order by furnishing from its ranks eminent and talented public speakers to assist in Liberty Loan Drives, a special canvass of its members for the American Red Cross, contributing to that institution the largest amount from any one Council in Chicago and furnishing the Chairman of one of 15. Columhian, January 31, 1908, p. 2. 126 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the most important if not the most important of the War Activ- ities of our Country, the Shipping Board, in the person of Hon. Edward N. Hurley. Upon the passage by the National Convention of the per capita contribution for Knights of Columbus War Activities, Illinois Council was one of the first in Illinois to forward its check in full before any part of the fund was collected from the members of the Council. It furnished a large quota of its members for service in the armed forces of our Country. Had several of its blue stars turned to silver and one to gold through the loss of Lieutenant Edward J. Veasey, Jr., killed in action in France. Through- out the period of the War it carried its members in service both insurance and associate without any expense to the individual and today has a permanent fund for such relief as may be re- quired by ex-service men. Two of its members served with distinction in France as K. of C. Secretaries. In affairs of the Order it carries scholarships in several of the local colleges, a membership in the Church Extension Society, and has furnished from its membership a State Deputy, two Presidents of the Chicago Chapter, a Navigator and a Comptroller of La Salle General Assembly Fourth De- gree, two members of the Degree Team, and a Secretary of the Fourth Degree for the Northern District of Illinois, several District Deputies and Delegates from the State to the National Conventions of the Order, all of which positions have been filled with credit to the Order and the Council. In the civic life, Illinois Council numbers within its ranks the County Clerk of Cook County, the State's Attorney of Cook County, chairman of the Board of Review of Cook County, Judges of the Municipal and higher Courts and men promi- nent in business, law, banking, medicine, and other walks of life. Illinois Council has advocated a permanent home in the loop for the individual Council and has a fund and Committee working upon this undertaking. PIONEER COUNCILS 127 324 ENGLEWOOD COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. John A. Rebe-* Thomas M. Poynton Rev. J. P. Aylward deau Peter B. Birong Rev. William D. PRAisj-n icNTrHTS— ^i*^??^®} 9^^"^^!, O'Brien OKAJNU KJNiL.±iib — Michael J. Lynch Rev. J. F. Green, James J. Kelly Charles Huguelet O. S. A. John J. Doody William J. Cleary Rev. Hilary J. Doswald Edward Larkin Edward J. Hennessy Rev. Francis J. Bp- Michael F. Girten Patrick J. O'Connor stein, P. R. James J. Tansey James B. Schevers Rev. EJdward Cryan Englewood Council No. 324 was instituted March 27, 1898. At meetings held in the Home Club, 6735 Wentworth avenue, early in the year 1898, of which James J. Kelly, John J. Doody and George V. Mclntyre were sponsors, arrange- ments were made for the organization of Englewood Council, which resulted in the institution of that council at Forbe's Hall, on the date above stated. The first and second degrees were exemplified under the auspices of De LaSalle Council, with Patrick L. McArdle acting as Grand Knight, John J. Doody as Deputy Grand Knight, and John P. McGoorty as Chancellor. The third degree was conferred by John J. De- laney. State Deputy, of New York. A special feature of this institution was a delegation comprising practically the entire membership of Detroit Council, which had just recently been organized. At this institution, too, a banquet was served at the Grand Pacific Hotel, thus inaugurating the practice of banqueting after institution. The first officers of the council were : Grand Knight, James J. Kelly; Deputy Grand Knight, John J. Doody; Chancellor, Rev. John P. Aylward ; Recording Secretary, James C. Bald- win ; Financial Secretary, Thomas J. Fenton ; Treasurer, James J. Tansey ; Physician, Dr. James J. Moorehead ; Warden, Ed- ward Larkin ; Chaplain, Rev. D. J. Crimmins ; Lecturer, P. B. Birong; Trustees, Michael H. Hoey, A. J. Schevers, Edward L. Larkin, Benjamin F. Butler and John H. Lawler. Engle- wood Council has been a notably active one. An item of early charitable work was the endowment of a room in St. Bernard 's Hotel Dieu Hospital. It was the first of the Illinois councils 128 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ENGLEWOOD KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS HOME, OWNED JOINTLY BY ARCHBISHOP McHALE, ENGLEWOOD AND LA RABIDA COUNCILS PIONEER COUNCILS 129 to take membership in the Church Extension Society on pay- ment of $1,000. Englewood was very active during the war; furnished its full quota of service men, and raised its full share of funds for welfare and other war work/" As is seen in other chapters, Englewood jointly with Arch- bishop McHale and La Rabida Councils enjoys a fine council home. On April 1, 1921, Englewood Council had a membership of 624. 361 LAFAYETTE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. J. MuUaly Daniel E. Fitzgerald Rev. James A. Hynes Rev. C. A. Rempe James Scanlan Rev. Henry Friel William J. Naughton Rev. Joseph A. Glennon GRAND KNIGHTS— Francis D. Connery Rev. John P. Schiffer Thomas E. Burke John R. O'Reilley Rev. M. J. O'Brien James J. Tanyan John E. Maloney Rev. Francis Caraher Phillip C. Gibbons Lafayette Council No. 361 of Chicago, was instituted June 2, 1898. In November 1897 Thomas E. Burke called a meeting at Sokup 's Hall, corner of Milwaukee Avenue and Robey Street, to discuss the feasibility of organizing a council of the Knights of Columbus. Another meeting was held at Wicker Park Hall on North Avenue in February, 1898, and progress toward organization was made. At a meeting held in May, 1898, it was decided to petition the State Deputy for leave to institute a council. Upon presentation of the petition the State Deputj' gave his consent, and arrangements were made by him to in- stitute the council on June 2d following. The first class con- sisted of 22 candidates, seven members transferred from Chi- cago Council, and seven from Illinois Council, making the total membership of the new council 36. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of De LaSalle Council, and the major degree by District Deputy Patrick L. McArdle and staff. This was the first major degree ever conferred by Mr. McArdle. The principal officers first elected for the new council were 16. A very complete report of Englewood Council was furnished by Frank G. Haas. Council Historiographer. See also ColumMan, April 24. lyos. 130 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Grand Knight Thomas E. Burke ; Deputy Grand Knight James J. Tanyan ; Chancellor, John R. McCabe ; Recording Secretary, James M. Purcell ; Financial Secretary, Frank A. Nass ; Treas- urer, Joseph A. Helmuth, Two men were elected to minor offices that were destined to become very prominent and valu- able members, viz., Philip C. Gibbons, who was elected as out- FRANCIS D. CONNERY. LaFayette Council JOHN E. MALONEY, LaFayette Council side Guard, and Francis D. Connery, Trustee, Lafayette Council from the very beginning entered whole-heartedly into the work of the Knights of Columbus. Every activity of the Order received due attention, and some of the work of the council was very notable; for instance, during the winter of 1909, the council took action providing for assistance to twelve conferences of the St. Vincent De Paul Society, besides assist- ing the Ephpheta Home. The council early took a prominent part in sports and athletics, and joined with the other councils in all such organizations as promoted clean sports. As early PIONEER COUNCILS 131 as 1911 a building association was organized, and a committee appointed to consider plans for a council home. While the matter was still under consideration, however, the country became involved in the world war, and nothing was done until the return of peace, since which time plans have been revived, and arrangements are being made for a council home on a very large scale. By the end of the year 1912, the membership passed the 1,000 mark, and the council took a conspicuous posi- tion when 700 of its members attended Mass in a body at Maternity Church on May 11, 1913, and received Holy Com- munion. The 15th anniversary of the institution of the coun- cil was celebrated by a banquet given at the Auditorium Hotel on May 29, 1913. His Grace, the late Most Rev. James Ed- ward Quigley, D. D., honored the occasion by his presence. Right Rev. Paul P. Rhode and Very Rev. A. J. Thiel also were present. Archbishop Quigley read a cablegram from Pope Pius X, which conveyed to the council the Papal Bless- ing. Notable events of the council include the summer outing of 1913, held at Desplaines, Illinois, on August 17th. On November 21, 1913, a charity ball attended by over 2,000 per- sons was given at Riverview Palace Ball Room. A children's party participated in by 1,500 little ones was given at the same place on December 29, 1913. A Glee Club was organized and the council gave a notable minstrel show at Riverview Palace Ballroom on May 6, 1914, the proceeds of which were used to provide for the Catholic Boys' summer camp at Round Lake. This movement was promoted by Rev. Thomas L. Harmon and John F. Cuneen of Lafayette Council. On May 8, 1915, David Goldstein of Boston, delivered a lecture on Social- ism under the auspices of the council, at North West Hall. A 3-day stag outing for the members was enjoyed at Round Lake on July 3, 4 and 5, 1915. The council plunged into war work with all its energy. The records show that on October 13, 1917, a roster of those who had entered the service was compiled. The Grand Knight immediately appointed a war camp com- 132 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS mittee to have charge of welfare work. Upon the levy of the two dollar assessment by the Supreme Council the Grand Knight, John E. Maloney recommended that the council for- ward a check for the full amount of the assessment from the general fund. This recommendation was adopted and $3,078 was forwarded October 14, and was the first welfare money to reach the Supreme Office. Later another check was sent, in- cluding individual contributions. The contributions made by the council aggregated $7,200. Two hundred and eighty- nine members of the council served in various branches of the army and navy, as appears in other columns. The war over and proper provision being made for post war work energy was directed in other channels. Taking stock of the council's activities it is found that it has a brass band of forty pieces, six baseball clubs, several bowling teams and a glee club. The council owns a property bounded by Fullerton, Washtenaw and Fairfield avenues, upon which it is proposed to erect a suitable council home. Lafayette is a contender for first place amongst the councils of the Knights of Columbus with a membership of 2,591.^^ 382 JOLIET COUNCIL, Joliet CHAPLAINS — Rev. Joseph P. Mor- John Gallagher Rev. H, G. VanPelt, rison Thomas V. Brennan D. D. Rev. Martin J. Nealis James Bray Rev. A. Olzsewski Rev. T. F. Tormey John F. Quinn Rev. P. P. O'Dwyer /-.t, .xtt^ T^-MTOTLrmo Frank J. Wise Rev. William Roberts GKAJND KJNlGHlb— William Redmond Enisha Meers Wade J. Brady John T. Donohue Louis Lagger A number of Catholic men in Springfield and Joliet re- quested the organization of councils, Springfield made the earliest move and secured permission from the National Council prior to Joliet, and accordingly has a lower number, but Joliet was ready for institution first. Joliet Council No. 382 was instituted November 27, 1898. The moving spirits in the early 17. The state Secretaries' report for April 1, 1921, gives Lafayette Council 2,591 members and Calumet 2,639. The report for 1922 gives Lafayette 2,784 and Calumet 2,749. PIONEER COUNCILS 133 days of Joliet Council were Enisha Meers, John T. Donahue, and Thomas V, Brennan. Enisha Meers was the first Grand Knight. Joliet Council has a good record of accomplishments. Amongst the donations and funds provided by the council may be mentioned the following: For four scholarships at De THOMAS V. BRENNAN, Joliet Council THOMAS F. DONOVAN. Joliet, formerly St. Viateur's LaSalle Institute Joliet, $500.00 ; for religious purposes, $100.00 annually; for the new orphanage projected by Most Rev. Archbishop George William Mundelein, $2,200.00; for the old orphanage, $1,300.00 ; for war welfare work, $73,100.00 ; for war securities, $23,000.00, principally in United States certificates of deposit. The council is making preparations IM KXIGSIS OF CXMLOIBrS IS 3ZJX0IS IZ~i"5^ ri-r aSP"** ■■ nnwM .aa. ^ i. TTiirmwieBd DiqMMiijt firam '^e tine ke beeuBe aecr^r ^i I- _r vL-j^sT^ufplig MS tSe- first state caai'vintww ■wti'Ii -^-'i fen _ - : _ ^_ : dte S^mei» and ir.rar : ^ _ _ ■ t Dsscras _ 5- tm^ _ _-jrdIle and Ij?*i5 Sldsaxd S£s~sr. IxdL yg^ a^ei^s:- ^ : sad. as eirarits praicd, 4^& Heat- ^ "^a". riisi.. ai tiie iidic SBHOE IPS? S£Q!i^ CSOBflEni. SBld » B»" tail - - - - / - ' ' - - - , - - __y i;^ — _ J Qtf its 'S' : r ~ ' £ -- _ - _ _ ~ ' 'Li. --_ . "* - : -rfs. - 5sr 1^ ^g «£ tie Mmi ibecs x: TSS 'W^ il. Ai - . __ J-BS» ai^"*or <£ dbi 136 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS School located in Springfield was eminently successful, as ap- pears in other chapters. Besides its own activities Springfield Council was a virtual apostolate in spreading the Order HON. JAMES M. GRAHAM. Springfield Council HON. PATRICK J. LUCBY. Streator Council throughout the central part of the state, the degree teams from that council and large numbers of the members assisting at all institutions and initiations in the whole central territory,^^ 22. Springfield was in a large sense the mother council of Central Illinois. PIONEER COUNCILS 137 427 SPALDING COUNCIL, Peoria CHAPLAINS— Rev. E. J. Schuetz W. L. Ilofer Rev. C. P. O'Neill Rev. J. J. Cosgrove William Bourke Rev. F. J. O'Reilly Rev. J. A. Gordon J. F. Bajtley Rev. J. P. Quinn m? AMir> K-KrTPWT<3 ^- J- Mayer Rev. J. Shannon OR aim D KNiOHlb— john Henneberry Rev. Charles H. Med- John F. Kiernan E. C. Slevin calf O. J. Dolan R. J. Kavanagh Rev. W. E. Frawley P. A. Donahue R. J. Phalen Rev. C. J. Higgins J. A. Murray Spalding Council, No. 427 named in honor of the illustrous Archbishop John Lancaster Spalding, was instituted May 21, 1899, with 104 members, transferred in a body from the Ameri- can Sons of Columbus, which had been instituted in Peoria on July 14, 1891. From the date of its organization Spalding Council took front rank in the Order, and began its career of accomplishment with the donation of a $1,000.00 scholarship to Spalding Institute on May 1, 1902, in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of Bishop Spalding's elevation to the See of Peoria.-^ Public memorial services on Decoration Day were instituted in 1908. It has a magnificent club house, the original cost of which was $41,745.00, to which has been added many hundreds of dollars of improvements since. In a social way the council has been a distinct success, and has done much to unite and make acquainted the Catholic people of Peoria through its card parties, dances, cotillions, excursions and other social affairs. It has gained particular note by the great ban- quets in honor of such men as Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Archbishop Spalding and Cardinal Mercier, as alluded to in other chapters. The council bore its share in all the national movements in the Order, such as the Chair of secular history in the Catholic University, the half million dollar endowment, the San Francisco earthquake relief, the Ohio and Indiana flood funds, the Red Cross, War relief funds, and numerous other charities. From the council 197 members served during the war. On the first call for funds, the $2.00 assessment, $1,600.00 was paid immediately. In the big drive 23. The council has maintained its interest in Spalding Institute and has proven the friend of Catholic education. 138 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS $16,985.98 was subscribed and turned in to the Supreme Office. The club house privileges were extended to the soldiers sta- tioned at Camp Herring, and to the men of the S. A. T. C, at Camp Bradley. In the fall of 1918, when the ''flu" epi- demic assumed serious proportions, the club house was used SPALDING COUNCIL HOME, PEORIA as an improvised hospital for the general public and members gave their services as nurses to those in need. At one time over ninety patients were being taken care of at the club house. Spalding Council was very active in the establishment of an evening school for ex-service men, which had an enroll- ment during the first year of over 900 men. During its early PIONEER COUNCILS 139 years Spalding Council also did much to spread the Order. The council attended in a body the institution of the first councils in Davenport, St. Louis, Galesburg, Chatsworth, Ot- tawa, Lincoln, Bloomington and LaSalle, besides having large representation at many other places. The first Grand Knight was John F. Kiernan, and the first Council Chaplain was Rev. C. P. O'NeiU.2* 460 ALTON COUNCIL, Alton CHAPLAINS— Rev. George E. Faller Dr. D. F. Duggan Rev. William J. Healey r^T> at^tt. T^TvTT/-.trrr.c J- B. Crivello Rev. Thomas Cusack GRAND KNlGHib— Joseph J. Grossheim Rev. Thomas Fennes- John W. Sweeney George Long, Sr. sey Edward J. Morrissey O. B. George Rev. B. F. Manning W. J. Scott John F. McGinnis, Jr. Rev. D. F. Daly John J. McKeon E. W. Brown B. J. O'Neill Alton Council No. 460 was instituted November 12, 1899, with a charter membership of fifty. The preliminary work previous to institution was accomplished mainly by Rev. Wil- iam J. Healey, who afterwards became State Chaplain, Michael W. Gleason, National Organizer, John W. Sweeney and Ed- ward J. Morrissey. Mr. Morrissey was secretary of the tempo- rary organization. The first and second degrees were exempli- fied by the officers of Springfield Council, and the major degree was conferred by State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle, assisted by James Plunkett and other members of his staff. At the time of the institution John W. Sweeney was elected Grand Knight, and Rev. William J. Healey was selected as Chaplain. The council has always been active in all the work of the Order, but one of its earliest activities deserves special mention. Soon after the council was organized the custom was established of giving an annual picnic for the children of the Catholic Or- phanage in the diocese. This has been a source of much satis- faction to the council and to the management of the orphanage. Alton Council claims priority in the establishment of club rooms. Very soon after the council was instituted commodious 24. See list above. 140 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS club rooms were opened and State Deputy McArdle took oc- casion to compliment the council very highly for this work. It now owns a valuable building, having purchased what was ALTON COUNCIL HOME known as the Spalding Club Building, which has been re- modeled and equipped with swimming pool, bowling alley, gymnasium, club rooms and dining room, in addition to a commodious council chamber. The privileges of the club are extended to the Catholic boys of the city not yet members of the PIONEER COUNCILS 141 Order. One hundred six men were in the service from Alton Council during the war, five gave their lives, two of whom were killed in battle. The council collectively and the members individually subscribed liberally for war bonds. The council owns $2,000.00 worth of the various war issues. In the early EDW^ARD J. MORRISSEY, Alton Council "WILLIAM D. ROSE, Springfield Council days of the Order Alton Council assisted materially in the establishment of new councils, and Edward J. Morrissey, who became the second Grand Knight, having been appointed a District Deputy, exemplified the major degree at Litchfield, Peoria, Springfield, Morrisonville, Paris, Murphysboro, Alton, East St. Louis and Belleville. W. J. Scott and W. C. Mor- rissey become well known as able assistants to District Deputy Morrissey. Alton council has entertained the State Conven- tion in a very satisfactory manner.^^ 25. May 13-14, 1919. 142 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 470 ROCKFORD COUNCIL, Rockford CHAPLAINS— Rev. William O'Rourke William J. Hayes wov Tjitnf.<5 T , -r^r^^ George L. Schlenk Fn'ahel^rv GRAND KNIGHTS- Hugh J. Gallagher Rev Thomas Finn George W. Tuttle Charles E. Gartland Rev! John J. Flanagan John R. Brown PaulCreagan Rev M. A. Schumacher James J. Carty Charles G. McNeany Rev A Marchasano Thomas H. McCann William F. Murphy Rev' Thomas O. Ma- John W. McDonald J. J. Ford guire Andrew B. Culhane, Thomas E. Gill Rev. O. P. Christopher M. D. John H Prial Rev. William J. Curran William H. Gaffney Peter Phillips KocKFORD Council No. 470 was instituted January 7, 1900. Michael W. Gleason, National Organizer, visited Rockford and was assisted in the preliminary work by James J. Carty, Thomas L. Sizer, Wm. H. Sizer, John R. Brown, Edward F. O'Connor and George W. Tuttle. At the time of the institu- lion tlie first and second degrees were exemplified by the officers of De LaSalle and Lafayette Councils of Chicago. James J. Kelley, District Deputy, of Englewood Council, Chi- cago, deceased, exemplified the major degree. The principal officers elected were : Grand Knight, George W. Tuttle ; Dep- uty Grand Knight, Wm. H. Sizer; Chancellor, Thomas H. McCann; Recording Secretary, John R. Bro\vn; Financial Secretary, Thomas L. Sizer ; Treasurer, James J. Carty. Rock- ford Council has been uniformity successful in the conduct of all activities of the Order, but work of all the early years of the council was outshone by the very important part which it played in war welfare work, and especially in connection with the great military cantonment, Camp Grant, located on the outskirts of the city of Rockford.-*' The spirit of the mem- bei-ship was demonstrated when within two hours after re- quest from the Supreme Council for funds for the purpose of carrying out the plan of religious, educational and recreational work had been received by the officers of the council, its quota was transmitted by wire to the Supreme Secretary. As soon as the site of Camp Grant was selected and the construction of the camp began, the First Regiment of Chicago was sent 26. See account of Rockford's efforts iu the Chapter on War Work. PIONEER COUNCILS 143 there as a patrol guard. This regiment contained many Cath- olics, both among the officers and men. Rockford Council quick to appreciate the opportunity for service, upon the sug- gestion of Right Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, Bishop of Rockford and State Chaplain, made arrangements for a Field Mass each Sunday at the reservation. This was carried on until the first Knights of Columbus building was erected and ready for oc- ROCKFORD COUNCIL HOME cupancy. Rev. Thomas Finn, Pastor of St. James Church and Council Chaplain had direct charge of these services. As the building of the camp progressed, orders were received from the Supreme Secretary by Grand Knight Charles McNeany to appoint a committee for the Knights of Columbus buildings at Camp Grant. Whereupon he appointed the following mem- bers: Thomas E. Gill, Chairman; John McLee, William F. Murphy and William H. Gaffney. Mr. Gaffney, while engaged in this task, was stricken with pneumonia contracted by ex- 144 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS posure at the camp, and died before the first building was erected. This committee by care and attention erected the three buildings at a lower cost than any similar buildings at the camp. These buildings were dedicated by Bishop Muldoon and from that time served as the religious centers of the Cath- olic soldiers and the social and recreational centers for all, irre- spective of creed. The splendid set of secretaries in charge made the slogan, ' ' Everybody Welcome and Everything Free, ' ' more than empty words. Public and private commendation was given by every commanding officer, Catholic or non-Cath- olic, for the effective work done by the ' ' Caseys. ' ' The officers and members of Rockford Council ably assisted by the Catholic women of Rockford co-operated with the secretaries in the work of making the stay of the men at Camp Grant a little easier. The Council Club House, situated about five blocks from the heart of the city on the banks of the beautiful Rock River was thrown open to all the soldiers. The open sesame was the uniform of a soldier of the United States or of the Allies. The reading and card rooms, the billiard room, shower baths and swimming pool were all free to the soldier. More than one tired and dusty boy blessed the club for a cool plunge after a hot day on the field or the range. The spacious lawn was the scene of many a pleasant outdoor gathering and dances were given each Saturday night. The only admission ticket for a soldier was his uniform. The local council also had special entertainments, social, athletic and educational, after its regu- lar meetings for the members of the Order with free transpor- tation to and from the camp. It also sponsored boat rides and dances on the boat, dinner parties and entertainment at the Rockford Motor Club. The members of the Order held open house at their homes over the week ends and holidays, and many a boy has enjoyed the hospitality of Rockford Catholic homes and the pleasure of auto trips up and down the beautiful Rock river valley as guests of the members of Rockford Council. Rockford Council initiated many candidates from among the PIONEER COUNCILS 145 soldiers and not one in the service ever paid any dues. All dues of all members in the service were remitted as long as the service continued. Perhaps the greatest service performed by Rockford Council occurred during the heartbreaking days of the Flu epidemic. When city and camp were stricken by the withering scourge of death, Rockford Council was the first of three organizations to turn over its entire club house to the health authorities for use as a public emergency hospital. It equipped the building and provided men and women nurses during all the dark days when twenty-two hundred souls met their Maker within forty days. The Dominican Sisters of the parochial schools left their work of teaching, and exemplify- ing the work of their Lord, went into the Knights of Columbus emergency hospital and there nursed and labored until the plague had abated. The members of the council in co-operation with other civic and military organizations entertained and assisted thousands of relatives and friends who came to help their living loved ones or to bury their dead during this dread period. As long as Camp Grant remained a military post, Rockford Council tried in every way to make it a little easier, better and sweeter for the boy in uniform. How well it suc- ceeded can only be judged from the gratitude of the objects of its solicitude. The council itself sent fifty-seven of its members into the service.^^ 517 DE SOTO COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS J. J. Crowley, Sr. E. J. Sullivan Rev. P. D. Gill J. J. Crowley, Jr. Edward M. Glawe Rev. Joseph A. Casey Adam Schneider C. J. Murphy r-wATvjT-, TTTMTr'WTC! Gcorge Kolb F. N. Wohlleber GRAND KNIGHTS— j_ Parnell Egan Alex C. Birren Edward J. Walsh Adam Weckler De Soto Council No. 517 of Chicago, was instituted May 30, 1900. The promoters of De Soto Council were Edward J. Walsh, Adam Schneider, Thomas Riordan, Felix McHugh, Michael F. Madden, Jerome J. Crowley, Sr., and Z. P. Brosseau, as well as a number of members of other councils who 27. See accounts in other chapters of Rockford Council's activities in con- nection with Camp Grant. 146 KNIGHTS OF COLmiBUS IN ILLINOIS saw the great possibilities for the Order on the then far north side of Chicago. The preliminary work was done by State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle. At the time of the institu- tion officers of Chicago Council conferred the first degree and of Marquette Council the second. The major degree was ex- HON. CHARLES A. McDONALD, De Soto Council HON. JOHN M. O'CONNOR. Marquette Council emplified by State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle and staff, as- sisted by Patrick J. Murphy, John J. Phalen and others. A man who afterwards became a prominent member and dis- tinguished citizen, Edward Laliiff, is remembered as an espe- cially active candidate. Among the principal officers elected at the time of the institution were: Edward J. Walsh, Grand Knight; Jerome J. Crowley, Sr., Deputy Grand Knight; PIONEER COUNCILS 147 George Murphy, Chancellor; Felix McHugh, Financial Secre- tary; Adam Schneider, Treasurer; Rev. Patrick D. Gill, pastor of Mt. Carmel Church, Chicago, was one of the most enthus- iastic and valuable members of the new council. He was ap- pointed its first Chaplain, and in that capacity served with remarkable fervor and usefulness during a period of nineteen years. Father Gill was one of the first of the members in Chicago to advocate the importance of a large downtown head- quarters for the Order. Throughout the twenty- years of the council 's existence its charity has been intensely practical and praiseworthy. A unity of purpose amongst the members has developed a De Soto spirit which spells success in all its enterprises. True fraternity prevails both in and out of the Council chamber, which makes all the members proud of the Council and of each other. Its patriotism and its war record will stand comparison with any other organization in the country. Recognizing that an active social life tends to bind the mem- bers together and make them interested in more serious matters, the council has an unwritten rule: ''Something doing at every meeting." As a consequence the meetings are well at- tended and the council's social affairs are invariably success- ful. In athletics the council has always taken a prominent part. Many championships, both in indoor and outdoor baseball, bowling, basketball and other branches, have fallen to its teams. In the many spirited contests in which the council has engaged true sportsmanship has prevailed ; and while its teams do their utmost to win they have also proved themselves good losers. The council's interest in social and athletic affairs is only a means to an end, for early in its history it set aside a large percentage of its funds for educational work. For many years it maintained scholarships in St. Ignatius College and De Paul University, as well as giving medals and prizes for religious knowledge to the children of the neighboring parochial schools. 148 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS In addition to this, numerous books of an educational and relig- ious order have been distributed. Several sets of the Catholic Encyclopedia have been presented to neighboring schools. From the educational fund it has also purchased a De Soto Scholarship in the newly founded Quigley Memorial Seminary and will maintain the same. ]\Iindful of the work done by the members since its founda- tion the Council presented a beautiful stained glass window of Saint Cecelia to Mount Carmel Church as a memorial of the deceased members of the Council. The service flag shows that 185 membei*s were actually in the service of their country. The mere recital of facts or the parad- ing of figures cannot convey a correct idea of the part played by the members and the Council in the great World War. From the moment our beloved country entered the conflict a warlike and intensely patriotic spirit took possession of the members, so that every effort was bent towards bringing it to a successful conclusion. There are four gold stars on the Council's service flag; twelve members gained commissions ; two members gained the Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre. The num- ber wounded in action was large, but could not be correctly ascertained at the time of writing. Two Knights of Columbus secretaries and one Chaplain in active service with the forces in France also were members of De Soto Council. Every other branch of war activity was well supported by the Council and its members. The Council subscribed to all of the five Liberty Loans, and has a large portion of its reserve funds in- vested in these securities. It would be difficult to find a mem- ber who does not own Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps. In the various drives for funds the members gave liberally and many of them also gave their time as speakers and helped those funds in every possible manner. Early in the War when the Great Lakes Training Station seemed to grow into a populous city over night and the North PIONEER COUNCILS 149 Side K. of C. War Activities Committee was organized, the Council was well represented in its work, and took a promi- nent part in all its activities. Several of its most talented members gave their services as entertainers and produced some very successful shows for the amusement of the "Jackies. " This committee was at work long before the Supreme Council had taken the work in hand. It was through De Soto 's efforts that a large sum was raised to carry on the emergency work of this organization. All through the War the Council kept in close touch with its members, wherever they were stationed — never losing trace of them, and keeping them supplied with De Soto Council sta- tionery for their own use. A Service Flag Club was organized — a voluntary organization of members who took it upon them- selves to see that no members in the service should lapse through non-payment of dues during his term of service. Thus as each member was discharged he was presented with a fully paid up membership card. As a permanent memorial of the part played by its mem- bers in the Service the council has a War Album, con- taining many pictures of members in camp, on sea and on the firing line. This album will become of increasing sentimental and historical value as the years pass. After the War, in the hospitals around Chicago there were very many wounded soldiers. The Council sought to relieve the tedium of hospital life for them in every way by sending them comforts. Amongst other things a smoker was organized at which about 150 of the wounded soldiers attended. This event was greatly ap- preciated by them, and at the same time it showed that the members were mindful of the sacrifices these soldiers and sailors had made. Every member who owned a car assisted in bringing the men to and from the hall, and the other members did everything possible to make the guests feel quite at home. Such is a brief account of the Council's war record. The full story would require much more space. The Council has 150 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS every right to be proud of the part played by the members in this great crisis of American History. At the conclusion of the War the Council responded to the Supreme Council's campaign for new members by a substantial increase in membership. It was the first council in Illinois to go "over the top" by increasing its membership over one hundred per cent. The biggest enterprise ever undertaken by our Council is now engaging the attention of officers and members. It is the building of a permanent home for the Council — worthy in every way of its history and traditions. An ambitious scheme has been proposed and plans have been drawn for a three-story building which will accommodate the Council's many activi- ties. The members are entering into this movement with the same enthusiasm which has brought every De Soto enterprise to a successful conclusion, so in a short time the Council will own, manage and control its own home. The council 's history has been preserved in most attractive and permanent form by a movie film entitled : ' ' The Romance of De Soto Council. ' ' In this interesting and instructive film the events which have made council history are traced with historical fidelity and accuracy, the scenes being enacted by the very members who took part in those events themselves. This picture has brought forth favorable comment wherever shown, both for its historical value and its current interest. One of the sub-titles furnishes a most appropriate conclusion for this sketch, for it sums up in a few words the spirit which seems to animate De Soto Council: "The Past, resplendent with its brilliant record of achievements, assures a Future roseate with the glory of good fellowship; replete with con- structive service, and true to the ideals of our Order. ' '^^ 28. Information furnished chiefly by P. J. Doyle, Council Historiographer. PIONEER COUNCILS 151 537 PHIL SHERIDAN COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— M. J. Hogan Rev. Louis Campbell John J. Ryan Bernard J. Coens Rev. John Morris Joseph W. Cremin George F. Mulligan Rev. Maurice Dorney William J. Ford Edward P. Keigher Rev. James Mugan Thomas J. Condon William J. Clark Dr. Thomas J. Gorman James D. Stacey Phil Sheridan Council, No. 537 of Oak Park was instituted November 1, 1900, and was the first council on the far west side and the first Council west of the Chicago river after Illinois Council. In the early fall of 1900 WiUiam J. Ford, Joseph W, Cremin, Cornelius P. Dungan and Frank A. 'Neil were visiting at the home of John J. Ryan in River Forest and the question of endeavoring to organize a Council of the Knights of Columbus in the territory of Austin and Oak Park was favorably considered. As a result of this little gathering, which, to be historically accurate, took place on the front porch of John J. Ryan 's residence, Phil Sheridan Council was organ- ized with a charter membership of 80. The major degree work at the time of the institution of the council was in charge of State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle. The first and second degrees were conferred by Chicago Council. John J. Ryan was the first Grand Knight and held office for two years, when he was succeeded by Joseph W. Cremin, who in turn was succeeded by William J. Ford. John J. Ryan was again elected Grand Knight and served for a term of one year. During his third term he was elected first President of the Chicago Chapter, which was organized in 1905."" Messrs. Cremin and Ford each served as Grand Knight for two years. The succeeding Grand Knights were Thomas J. Condon, Dr. Thomas J. Gorman, M. J. Hogan, Bernard J. Coens, George F. Mulligan, Edward P, Keigher, William J, Clark and James D. Stacey. The first Chaplain of the Council was Rev. Richard Dunne, pastor of St. Luke's Church, and brother of Rt. Rev. Edward Joseph Dunne, of Dallas. He was assisted by Rev. Louis Campbell, deceased, pastor of St. Catherine's Church, who afterwards 28. See Chapter X. 152 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS became Chaplain. Father Campbell did much for the spread of the Order throughout the territory covered by the Council. Rev. John Morris, Rev. Maurice J. Dorney and Rev. James Mugan have since served as Chaplains. The Council has always HON. WILLIAM E. DEVER, La Fayette Council HON. EDWARD F. DUNNE, Phil Sheridan Council taken a very active part in all the work of the Order, and has made a fine record in religious, charitable and educational work. It has also been noted for the interest displayed in clean sports and athletics. Fifty-two members entered the service during tlie war, a large number of whom became commissioned officers. ^'^ 30. Information furnished by Thomas J. Condon. PIONEER COUNCILS 153 556 GALESBURG COUNCIL, Galesburg CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— J. P. McDermott Rev. George Doubleday Michael J. Daugherty R. E. Graham Rev. Francis Baines Edward F. Tobin J. P. Foley Rev. John A. Phelan D. E. Sullivan Ralph Hurley J. A. McKinney George V. Tobin Galesburg Council No. 556 was instituted February 3, 1901. The g'ood report concerning the Knights of Columbus was brought to Galesburg by Michael W. Gleason, of Chicago, National Organizer. Arrangements for the institution of the Council were made by Michael J. Daugherty, E. F. Tobin, Neil Hurley and Matt Smith. The first and second degrees were conferred by ofificers from Davenport (Iowa) and Rockford, Illinois. The major degree was exemplified by Patrick L. Mc- Ardle, State Deputy. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, Michael J. Daugh- erty; Deputy Grand Knight, E. F. Tobin; Chancellor, D. E. Sullivan; Financial Secretary, W. H. Sullivan; Rev. George Doubleday was selected as Chaplain. The Council has con- tributed liberally, providing a library for Corpus Christi College and St. Joseph's Academy, and has provided a play ground and equipment for St. Joseph 's Academy. It has taken part in all the activities of the Order. The Council bought by voluntary subscription a building site in the heart of the bus- iness district, costing approximately $50,000. It is a 3-story stone front building, the first story being occupied by the Western Union Telegraph Company. On the second floor are located the ladies' room, two parlors, card room, pool room, offices and cigar counter; on the third floor is an auditorium, ball room and council chamber, beautifully decorated with Knights of Columbus emblems and paintings. For educational purposes the Council has expended $1,000 ; for religious pur- poses, $4,000 ; for charity, $3,000 ; for welfare work, $5,000 ; for Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps, $2,000. Sixty-nine members of the Council were in the service of their country 154 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS GALESBURG COUNCIL HOME PIONEER COUNCILS 155 during the war, and every members not serving the army or navy took an active part in all war welfare work.^^ 574 BLOOMINGTON COUNCIL, Bloomington CHAPLAINS— Patrick W. Coleman Rev. Charles H. Med- Right Rev. Msgr. John J. Condon calf Michael M. Weldon James V. Flavin George R. Flynn r'T?AivT> T^TvjTr'trrpc James Sweeney Albert A. Ulbrich C^KAJNU KiNiOriilb— Michael M. Morrissey John M. Tuohy Joseph J. Thompson Henry Ryan Bloomington Council No. 574 was instituted April 23, 1901. The good report concerning the Knights of Columbus was brought to Bloomington by Mr. John J. Condon, who joined the Order in Springfield, but who had before joining learned a great deal of it in his various visits to Chicago. Upon his representations Michael W. Gleason came to Bloom- ington, and after conferring with Mr. Condon called upon Joseph J. Thompson, then a young lawyer of the McLean County Bar. Mr. Thompson at the request of Mr. Condon and Mr. Gleason at once took an active interest, and soon interested several other men, including Patrick W. Coleman, Daniel S. Tuohy, Daniel D. Donahue, and some others. In the prelim- inary arrangements Mr. Condon was chairman of the organi- zation committee, and attended to all details of providing for the degree work, so that when the day of initiation arrived everything was in readiness. A degree staff from Springfield Council conferred the first degree, and another from Spalding Council, Peoria, conferred the second. The major degree was in charge of the State Deputy, Patrick L. McArdle, while an important part of the second degree was entrusted to Very Rev. Francis J. Reilly, then of Peoria. At the conclusion of the degree work a sumptuous banquet was served at the Illinois Hotel, which brought out a galaxy of orators. The new Council started on its successful career with Joseph J. Thompson, afterwards State Deputy, as Grand Knight, who served in that capacity for five years, and until elected State 31. Galesburg Council entertained the State Convention in 1922 in a very creditable manner. 156 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Deputy. The Council has been active in every phase of the work of the Knights of Columbus, and has grown to a large membership. It was well represented in the war and contributed very REV. H. A. O'KELiLY. Streator Council REV. WILLIAM A. HEFFERMAN, Mt. Sterling Council liberally to all the war welfare work. Almost from inception the Council has maintained commodious club rooms and at the present time has a most comfortable and convenient head- quarters in the center of the city. The venerable Monsignor Michael "Weldon has been Council Chaplain since the institu- tion of the Council. ^^ .32. Although Bloomington Council does not own the building in which it maintains its headquarters, the rooms are amongst the most commodious of the entire state. PIONEER COUNCILS 157 577 DECATUR COUNCIL, Decatur CHAPLAINS — James O'Mara Louis N. Rohr Very Rev. Dean Jere- Michael Fahey Thomas F. Muleady miah Murphy Thomas Carson W. Scott Seegar nviA-Kir, T^MTrwT'C! James Duggan John M. Hayes, M.D. (jKAND KNIGHib— John Barnum John Duggan John R. Fitzgerald Lawrence Ryan Decatur Council No. 577 was instituted on May 1, 1901. The establishment of the Order in Decatur came at an inop- portune time, and at a time when many of the formerly active societies were smarting under a succession of failures. The first members joined the Knights of Columbus reluctantly and under persuasion. Upon the institution of the Council their diffidence turned at once into enthusiasm, however, and every member became an ardent advocate of the Order. The State Deputy, Patrick L. McArdle, had charge of the major degree, which, as well as the first and second degrees, was a brilliant success. The Pastors of both Catholic parishes took a deep interest in the new society, and the movement was firmly launched. The Council became active in the spread of the Order elsewhere as well as in Decatur. The first Grand Knight was John R. Fitzgerald, and the succeeding Grand Knights were James O'Mara, Michael Fahey, James Duggan, John Barnum, Lawrence Ryan, Thomas Carson, Louis N. Rohr, Thomas R. Muleady, W. Scott Seegar and Dr. John M. Hayes. From the earliest days the Council has done a great deal of educational and charitable work, and has always maintained extensive club rooms, although not the owner of a building. The first club room was located on the third floor of the Conk- lin building, where the Council was quartered for a number of years, but latterly the entire third floor of the Moran build- ing, North Water street and East North street has been used, where it maintains one of the largest and best appointed club room quarters in the state, and where the State Convention was held in May, 1915. Decatur Council had the distinction of entertaining the State Convention twice, the first time in 1902. Decatur Council has reason to be proud of its war record. From 158 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS a membership of 500, at the time the call for recruits came, 126 members responded, over half of whom enlisted voluntarily. The Council subscribed for $5,000 worth of Liberty Bonds; furn- ished a large number of Four-Minute men, and in all the local Liberty Bond, Red Cross, War Stamp, United drives and other movements during the war, the members took a prominent part. For the Knights of Columbus drives the Council sent to the Supreme Secretary a total of $13,219.08. ^^ 583 QUINGY COUNCIL, Quincy CHAPLAINS — Rev. Edward J. Scan- John A. Connery Rev. John P. Brennan Ian Lawrence J. Jocheml Very Rev. Dean John Rev. P. Optatus Loef- John W. Kerkering P. Kerr fler, O. F. M. John B. Carroll Rev. Anthony Zurbon- _,„ a x-t^ T^T.TT/- f^Trr^uTa Michael J. Sheehan Rev. Dean T. S. Keat- GRA^D KNIGHTS— ggi-t M. Baily ing Daniel R. Burke Thomas McNamara Rev. Casimer Miller Henry M. Kelley Owen W. Fox Rev. L. E. Hackett Edward J. Kelley John J. Farrell Rev. E. S. Dunn James F. Graham Starved Rock Council No. 634 of Ottawa was instituted on January 26, 1902. To the indomitable energy and perse- verance of Rev. M. A. Quirk, deceased. Starved Rock Council owes its inception. "With the sanction of the State Deputy and 39. This very complete account of Calumet Council was furnished chiefly by P. G. K. and D. D. Joseph P. Walsh. PIONEER COUNCILS 167 under the direction of Joseph J. Thompson, District Deputy, he set about the organization and marshaled sixty-five appli- cants. By common consent the name Starved Rock was given the council on account of its proximity to the rocky hill that had been the first outpost of civilization in this region, and the STARVED ROCK COUNCIL HOME abiding place of the early missionaries and explorers. At the first regular meeting Daniel R. Burke was chosen Grand Knight, and Rev. M. A. Quirk, Chaplain. The council has been uniformly progressive, has been active in local, state and national activities of the Order, and has accomplished much good. At the outbreak of the war the council had a membership of 312, of whom 93 answered the country's call; five made the supreme sacrifice ; eight were wounded or gassed ; one received 168 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the Croix de Guerre and Palm; two were cited for bravery; six commissioned officers in the army, and nineteen non-com- missioned ; two served as Knights of Columbus secretaries. The council holds $1100.00 worth of Liberty Bonds.*" 650 DAMEN COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— William J. Shelley Rev. P. J. Scanlan John T. McEnery Joseph A. McMahon Rev. Charles Monahan John M. Rogers William Shay Rev. John F. Coleman Joseph Regan John T. Broderick Rev. Matthew A. Can- Thomas H. Hoy George H. Braasch nlng Edward J. McMahon Damen Council No. 650 of Chicago was instituted Febru- ary 24, 1902. After due deliberation it was thought that the locality in which Holy Family Church was located should have a council of the Knights of Columbus, and John T. McEnery, a resident of that parish, and an officer of Chicago Council, was authorized to take steps for the organization of a council there, with the result that on February 24, 1902, a council was instituted with a charter membership of 60. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Phil Sheridan Council. The major degree was conferred by State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle. The name selected, Damen, is that of the founder of Holy Family parish and the pioneer of the modern Jesuits in Chi- cago, Rev. Arnold Damen. John T. JMcEnery, the organizer, became the first Grand Knight, and has continued to be a very active member of the council ever since. About the first exter- nal work of the council was the endowment of a perpetual scholarsliip in St. Ignatius College. Later a series of educa- tional lectures by the late Rev. L. J. Vaughan gave Damen Council a conspicuous place. The council held a place of extraordinary prominence in athletics, almost since its organi- zation, and has been thrice Avinner of the baseball champion- 40. Accounts of various activities of Starved Roclc Council will bf found In other chapters. PIONEER COUNCILS 169 ship, and at least once of the indoor championship. Out of a total membership of 450, 124 entered the service during the war. The council subscribed for $1500.00 worth of Liberty Bonds, and $50.00 worth of War Savings Stamps. Besides joining in all the general welfare movements the council had a well organized welfare committee of its own, which rendered excellent service.*^ 653 FREEPORT COUNCIL, Freeport CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— W. J. Goff Rev. D. Croke George G. McCarthy E. A. Blust Rev. T. F. Leydon Thomas T. McMahon A. A. Grant Rev. J. K. Nilles F. T. Roach C. D. Osborne Rev. P. M. W^ilkin J. F. Manion J. Burkard Rev. W. G. McMillan J. F. Riordan A. B. Tracy Rev. J. M. Bgan W. A. Mann Freeport Council No. 653 was instituted March 23, 1902. Dr. R.. J. Burns and Bernard Fagan heard of the Knights of Columbus through some of Dr. Burns' friends of Rockford, and as a result applied for membership in Rockford Council. Later, however, sentiment spread in Freeport in favor of the organization of a council, and a meeting was held, at which John R. Brown and Thomas Sizer, both of Rockford, appeared. This meeting was so enthusiastic that the Rockford members suggested another meeting, which was held in St. Mary's Hall the following Sunday. The original Rockford visitors with others came to this meeting, and found 65 Catholic gentlemen of Freeport ready to join. Accordingly arrangements were completed and the three degrees were conferred on the date above stated, under the direction of State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle and several capable assistants. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, George G. McCarthy ; Deputy Grand Knight, Bernard Fagan ; Chan- cellor, J. N. Fleck; Financial Secretary, E. J. Scanlan; Re- corder, J. F. Manion; Treasurer, R. S. Schwarz. Rev. D. Croke was selected as Chaplain, and Judge A. J. Clarity was 41. Damen Council has always prospered and has experienced a steady and healthy growth. 170 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS charged with the conduct of an important part of the initiatory ceremonies. The council has been very progressive and now numbers 685 members. Amongst some of the important ac- complishments of the council may be named the equipping of a room in St. Francis' Hospital at a time when the Franciscan Sisters were struggling with the establishment of the hospital. The council arranged two Landing Day celebrations, the second of which in 1919 attracted state-wide attention. The council participated in the local celebration of the State Centennial, and in the celebration commemorating the Black Hawk war, which was fought in the neighborhood of Freeport. In this celebration one of the charter officers, J. N. Fleck, took one of the leading parts in the pageant staged in a picturesque woods — ^that of a Missionary Father. The council sponsored an an- nual Christmas dinner for the orphans and old folks of St. Vincent's Orphanage and St. Vincent's Old Folks Home of Rockford diocese. The idea of giving an annual dinner to Past Grand Knights originated in Freeport Council. The coun- cil sponsored the Boy Scout movement in Freeport during the summer of 1921, and originated the idea of giving an annual dinner to ex-service men on Armistice Day. Freeport Council takes pride in the fact that one of its charter members, John J. Flanagan, entered the priesthood and cherishes as its choic- est treasure the Apostolic blessing of Pope Pius X, given at the request of Father Flanagan, the memo of which is as follows : "Animated by filial love and humility, the members of Free- port Council No. 653 of the Knights of Columbus, beg the Apostolic Benediction and a Plenary Indulgence in Articulo Mortis on the fifth anniversary of its institution, March 23rd, 1907. (Signed) Pope Pius X. Dated in the Vatican, 3rd March, 1907." During the war 54 members of the council entered the service. Rev. W. G. McMillan, E. A, Blust and Judge A. J. Clarity, members of the council, devoted a great deal of time in making addresses throughout the county in the various campaigns for funds and for the sale of Liberty Bonds PIONEER COUNCILS 171 and other war securities. Members of the council, whose age prevented their entering the service, were included in the or- ganizations of various kinds engaged in war work. The council has expended for educational purposes $500.00; for religious purposes, $525.00; for charitable purposes, $2,046.00; for war welfare work, $2,150.00, and for Liberty Bonds, $3,500.00. 42 654 ELGIN COUNCIL, Elgin CHAPLAINS — Thomas J. Cleary Emil Kothe Rev. John J. McCann Fred A. Quinn Frank Miller Rev. H. E. Ouimet James Meehan Albert J. Sullivan rviA-Ki-r, T^TvjTr'WT^<5 Edward A. Kelley Eugene P. Ferron UKAiNU KJN lL.il ib— Frank E. Shopen Thomas H. Rogers Lawrence Crane Elgin Council No. 654 was instituted April 20, 1902, with a charter membership of 63, amongst whom were four clergy- men, namely, Rev. Maurice Stack, Rev. J. J. McCann, Rev. J. Gildea and Rev, J. B. Murray. Other charter members were: D. M. Egan, C. F. Blake, D. R. Kennedy, M. J. O'Connor, W. B. Keenan, Jas. Gallagher, Dr. H. J. Gahagan, Frank E. Shopen and Thomas E. Roach. There was always an insistent demand for club rooms for the council, and convenient quarters have been maintained since 1909. A building fund is being created, however, and a home is in contemplation. The council has at all times provided its full quota of effort and contribu- tions to the work of the Order. It contributed $500.00 to the endowment fund of the Catholic University at Washington, D. C, and met the fuU requirements in the war drive. Over fifty per cent of the membership of the council served the coun- try in one capacity or another during the war. The council was particularly active at the Elgin State Hospital during the war in behalf of the soldiers and sailors brought there. Elgin Council has been conspicuous in the civic and community af- fairs of the city. The Knights of Columbus headquarters is in. reality the Catholic center of Elgin. Various Church and af- filiated societies meet in the assembly hall, and hold their social 42. Information furnished by the council. 172 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS gatherings in the club rooms. In all the celebrations, home- coming parades, etc., the council has taken a leading part.*^ 658 ALLOUEZ COUNCIL, Rock Island CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Albert Huber Rev. W. P. Launault Thomas LaVelle M. H. Sexton Rev. J. B. Culemans E. J. Burnes J. M. Welsh Rev. J. J. Quinn J. T. Marron ^V. H. Leithner Rev. William Clery P. J. Murray G. A. Buschle Rev. C. P. O'Neil J. F. Murphy W. H. Toal Rev. P. J. Barry F. A. Burt Walter J. Griffin Rev. Peter Zwart J. E. Reidy Allouez Council No. 658 of Rock Island was instituted April 22, 1902. The tirst effective steps taken for the Knights of Columbus in Rock Island occurred in the fall of 1900, when several gentlemen, including- Dr. J. P. Cometys, Thomas F. Lavelle, J. T. Shields, Joseph Geiger, E. J. Burns, and Henry Y. Burns began to create an interest. During the next year the men named became members of Loras Council at Davenport, Iowa, and took steps to secure consent to organize a council in Rock Island. After the necessary preliminary work the council was instituted with only 25 members. It was decided to name the new council Allouez, in honor of Rev. Claude Jean Allouez, one of the most famous of the early Jesuit missionaries of Illi- nois and other states of the Lake region.*^ The first Grand Knight was Thomas F. LaVelle; Deputy Grand Knight, E. J. Burns; Financial Secretary, Fred M. Burt; Recording Secre- tary, W. P. Griffin. A steady growth and a series of interest- ing activities has brought the council membership up to more than 600. During the war the council was well represented, had 103 of its members in the service, and made liberal dona- tions to the war welfare work. The council also has the unique 43. Elgin Council has but 311 members (April 1, 1921) and has accomplished much for a small council. 44. Father Allouez was born at St. Didier, France, June 6, 1622. Came to Canada in 1654 ; was the immediate successor of Father Marquette in the Illinois missions. lie arrived at the Kaskaskia village (opposite Starved Rock) on the 27th of March, 1677, and labored in Illinois and Indiana until his death, which occurred on the night of August 27-2S, 16S9, at age 67. He was called a second Francis Xavior, and was credited with having instructed during his apostolic career 100,000 natives, 10,000 of whom he baptized. For an extended account of Father Allouez, quoting and citing authorities, see Illinois Catholic Historical Review, Vol. V, p. 99, et. seq. PIONEER COUNCILS 173 distinction of having adopted three French orphans. It also operated a free employment bnreau for all returned service men. 661 BEARDSTOWN COUNCIL, Beardstown CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— E. E. Schultz Rev. Herman Gesen- Joseph J. Cook A. G. Schultz house T. V. Brannan D. I. McCarthy Rev. Patrick J. Laugh- C. P. Hunt C. P. Dugan ney D. M. Maney W. Varley Rev. James Marnaine J. W. Morrisey J. W. Crowe Rev. George Hensey John Schultz Elmer J. Minonk Beardstown Council No. 661 was instituted April 26, 1903. It has been stated that never in the history of Beards- town was there such a representative and impressive body of men present within the historic old city as gathered for the in- stitution of this council. To T. V. Brannan and J. J. Cooke, charter members of Quincy Council, E. E. Schultz, William Langdon, Daniel Hunt, Daniel Maney, D. C. Leary and Wil- liam Tole, members of Galesburg Council, a great deal of credit is due for the work and interest taken in organizing, at that time, a Knights of Columbus council in one of the smallest cities in the State of Illinois. With Mr. J. H. Ryan, of Win- chester, and Rev. M. G. Davis, of Virginia, working with the Rev. Herman Gesenhaus, of Beardstown, and the local com- mittee, they were successful in organizing the council. Spring- field Council conferred the first and second degrees, while Galesburg council, with District Deputy M. J. Dougherty, conferred the major degree to about sixty candidates. Mr. John Schultz donated $10,000 for a council home, to be known as the Schultz Hall, which was dedicated on May 17, 1914. On the occasion of the dedication Governor Edward F. Dunne was present and made an address, as were also Past State Deputies LeRoy Hackett (who was the principal speaker of the occasion) and William N. Brown, The council was well represented in the war and suffered no casualties, nor were any of the men in the service wounded or otherwise injured. All war welfare work was entered upon zealously, and the full quota of funds 174 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS was subscribed. For years the council has donated to the peo- ple of the parish 100 copies each week of ''Our Sunday Visitor", hundreds of pamphlets are distributed free of charge, and a donation of $500.00 was made to the pastor for needed improvements on church property.*^ 662 STERLING COUNCIL, Sterling CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— L. C. Ryan Rev. Henry M. Fegers John A. Annas T. J. McDonald Rev. James J. Bennett A. M. Clavin H. J. Weber Rev. Andrew J. Burnes W. A. ICannally Thomas O'Brien W. J. Gallagher P. J. McAndrews A. L. Heckman P. J. Peters Sterling Council No. 662 was instituted June 1, 1902. John A. Annas, who afterwards became State Secretary, was the original promoter of the council. Michael W. Gleason, Na- tional Organizer, visited Sterling and directed the preliminary work. The officers of Damen Council, with John T. McEnery, as Grand Knight, exemplified the first and second degrees, and State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle, assisted by Patrick Murphy and an able staff conferred the third degree. At that time Freeport was the only existing council in the district and about 40 members of the council attended the institution. There were a few members including Thomas Lavelle from Rock Island, and David T, Stackhouse of Davenport from outside councils, and a delegation from Chicago, including the degree staffs and Michael V. Kannally, formerly of Sterling, who took an active part in the degree w^ork. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were: Grand Knight, John A. Annas; Deputy Grand Knight, A. M. Clavin; Chancellor, Rev. J. J. Bennett ; Financial Secretary, Harry Unverf orth ; Recorder, Peter Peters. Rev. H. M. Fegers was selected as Chaplain. The council has done its full share of charitable work; has given a scholarship each year to graduates from the parochial school. A council home and equipment, valued at $20,000, is 45. Beardstown Council has a membership of only SO (April 1, 1921), but has succeeded well. PIONEER COUNCILS 175 enjoyed by the council. This home is located at 206-208 First Avenue, and consists of a two-story building ; on the first floor is a club room, two bowling alleys, three pool tables, one billiard STERLING COUNCIL HOME table, card tables, etc.; on the second floor is the auditorium and council chamber. In the early days Sterling Council had an excellent degree team that became well known throughout the westera part of the state. The councils at Dixon, Clinton, 176 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Iowa, Rochelle, DeKalb, Oregon and Amboy are in a sense off- shoots of Sterling Council. Out of a membership of 250 at the time sixty members were in the service of their country during the war, and the council raised for war welfare funds $9,200 on Knights of Columbus drives, and a large sum in addition for the joint drive,**^ 663 CARLINVILLE COUNCIL, Carlinville CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Matthew Seyfrit Rev. Thomas Costello David E. Keefe Peter P. Mack Rev. Andrew A. Mc- Joseph Murphy Thomas J. Costello Donnell Casper Westermeier M. J. Boehm Rev. William Michael Louis P. Daley Richard Ryan James Harkins R. V. Kelly Carlinville Council No. 663 was instituted May 18, 1902. This was one of the very early councils and National Organizer Michael W. Gleason visited Carlinville and did the preliminary work. The officers of East St. Louis and Alton Councils had charge of the first and second degrees, and State Deputy Pat- rick L. McArdle exemplified the third degree. The principal officers elected at the time of the institution of the council were : David E. Keefe, Grand Knight; Wm. Kelly, Deputy Grand Knight; James H. Murphy, Financial Secretary; James M. Mahoney, Chancellor; W. C. Westermeier, Treasurer. Rev. Thomas Costello was selected as chaplain. The council began with a membership of 45 and has increased to 133. Being a small council, situated in a neighborhood where Catholics are few, the opportunity for extended effort is limited. The council has, however, met every reasonable call for charity, expending an aggregate of $250.00 for that purpose. When the war came on and funds were needed, $2,500.00 was raised for war welfare work, and as expressive of the spirit of the members one $50.00 Liberty Bond was purchased.*^ 46. On April 1, 1921, Sterling Council had a membership of 452. 47. On April 1, 1921, Carlinville Coxmeil had a membership of 144. PIONEER COUNCILS 177 665 EFFINGHAM COUNCIL, Effingham CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Harry J. Alt Rev. William J. Healy Michael O'Donnell H. Taphorn M D Rev. J. A. M. Wilson C. L. Nolte William B. Ordner Rev. J. J. Cronin J. B. Worman J. P. Johanns Rev. J. P. Walsh C. D. Miller G. J. Began Rev. D. J. Doyle M. A. Began George H. Bauer Effingham Council No. 665 was instituted May 25, 1902. The sponsors of Effingham Council were Rev. William J. Healey, Michael O'Donnell and John J. Doheny. National Organizer Michael W. Gleason visited Effingham and assisted in the organization. At the time of the institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Alton Council. State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle conferred the major degree, assisted by a staff from Chicago, headed by the then State Secretary John A. Lambert. The principal officers elected at the first election were : Grand Knight, Michael O'Donnell; Deputy Grand Knight, C. L. Nolte; Financial Sec- retary, J. M. Purtill ; Warden, Joseph Reed. Rev. William J. Healey, M'ho afterwards became State Chaplain, was selected as Chancellor and Chaplain. Effingham Council had the bene- fit of one of the most active members that ever joined the Order in Illinois, the Rev. William J. Healey, deceased. The council developed gratifyingly in a locality disadvantageously circumstanced, and always kept abreast of the activities of the Order. For some years club rooms have been maintained in which a small, but select library is available to the members, as well as billiard and pool tables and recreation rooms. The council has always co-operated with all civic and public organ- izations for the advancement of the community; has made many private donations to the poor and dependent. Eighty- nine members were in the service. Of these four were wounded ; two gave their lives — one on the battle front, and one in camp. The council subscribed to each of the several loans and took an active part in all the drives for welfare funds. Despite the scarcity of Catholics in the neighborhood the council mem- bership has increased to more than 300.*^ 48. On April 1, 1921, 344. 178 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 682 PIERRE GIBAULT COUNCIL, Macomb CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Sebastian Koch Rev. F. G. Lentz Patrick Whelan E. D. Riordan Rev. Michael Ryan David Gallagher F. C. McGuire P. A. Kennedy Leo Woerly Arthur Burke J. E. Holden Pierre Gibault Council No. 682 of Macomb was insti- tuted April 10, 1904. To Rev. F. G. Lentz belongs the credit of bringing the Knights of Columbus to Macomb. At the in- stitution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Galesburg Council, and the major degree by District Deputy Michael J. Daugherty, assisted by James McKinney and others. Patrick Whalen was the first Grand Knight, and Rev. F. G. Lentz the first Chaplain. The council has estab- lished club rooms in the Allison Building, on the west side of the public square, where billiard and card rooms and gym- nasium are maintained. At the time of institution there were but 35 members, but the membership has increased to 118. The council has been most of the time in the Quincy district, and under the supervision of District Deputy Joseph J. Frei- burg, who has taken a very helpful interest. The council has been prompt and effective in works of charity and religion, and responded fully for all war welfare work. This council bears one of the most distinguished names on the council roster of the Order. Pierre Gibault, the patriot priest of the Mississippi Valley, when accorded his just deserts, will stand out as one of the greatest figures in American history. Pierre Gibault, Illinois' first citizen, was the real founder of the great empire of the old Northwest, and primarily responsible for the gaining of that vast territory comprised in the states of Illinois, Indi- ana, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin for the United States. Besides being a most exemplary priest, Pierre Gibault was a patriot par excellence. Illinois, the Mississippi Valley, the old Northwest and the United States are under heavy obligations to Pierre Gibault, no fraction of which either of them has dis- charged. Those who love fair play should insist persistently PIONEER COUNCILS 179 upon due honor and recognition of the memory of Pierre Gibault/'* 690 DIXON COUNCIL, Dixon CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John P. Devine Rev. Michael Foley John E. Ford William F. Hogan Rev. James T. Dono- John E. Erwin George F. Murray hue M. Maloney J. M. Reynolds M. J. Gannon M. J. Gannon, Jr. Charles Kearney DixoN Council No. 690 was instituted June 29, 1902, through the efforts of John Ford, John E. Erwin and several other Catholic men of that city, with a class of 60, John Ford was elected Grand Knight of the new council, and Rev. Michael Foley was selected as Chaplain. The council has always been active in the work of the Order locally, and entertained the State Convention in 1911. Out of a membership of 160, 47 men were in the service. In war activities the council was a leader. It was the first organization to take hold of the first Red Cross drive for funds, beginning June 28, 1917. It ar- ranged and managed two concerts by the Paulist Choir of Chicago, and turned over to the Red Cross the receipts amount- ing to $778.02. Soon after this country entered the war a city committee was named by the council to take charge of all drives. Mr. Edward W. Vaile, a member of Dixon Council, was made chairman. The council bought $1,000 of Liberty Bonds, and raised $3,000 for war welfare work. Plans are now under way to build a home at a cost of $40,000, which will soon be completed.^" 696 GALENA COUNCIL, Galena CHAPLAINS— T. L. McDermott Orin Smith Rev. J. E. Shananhan M. J. Burns Henry Engels D. A. Callahan Frank Desmond GRAND KNIGHTS- paul Kerz M. H. Cleary Galena Council No. 696 was instituted August 24, 1902, through tlie efforts of Michael W. Gleason of Chicago, and 49. A series of studies of the life and labors of Father Gibault will be found in the Illinois Catholic Historical Review, beginning in 1918, and still continued. Materials have been gathered for a volume treating of this great patriot priest, and an attempt will be made to publish the work. 50. On April 1, 1921, Dixon Council had a membership of 257. 180 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Leo, Moline Braidwood GROUP OF KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS HOMES, John R. Brown of Rockford. In the city of Galena for many years prior to the organization of the council, there existed two substantial congregations among the Catholics: St. Michaels and St. Marys; the former antedated the latter in PIONEER COUNCILS 181 organization by many years ; the latter was organized to meet the requirements of the German speaking Catholics of this vicinity. While a goodly portion of the residents of this city of about 6,000 people attended these two churches, in a social way, there existed no organization to bring together the several Catholics of the city and vicinity prior to the advent of the Knights of Columbus. While both congregations were repre- sented in the Charter membership, those from St. Michaels predominated, and for some time the organization failed to attract members of St. Mary's congregation, as the original organizers of the council had hoped it would. In recent years a marked change in this regard is evidenced in its membership, so that now it can be truthfully said that the Knights of Colum- bus is recognized by all — even non-Catholics — as distinctively representative of the social and fraternal spirit of the Catholic life of the community. Its membership now is representative of the Catholic people of the entire county. The council main- tained club rooms from the first year of its organization, and has taken an active interest in Catholic literature. It was well represented in the war, and took a prominent part in war wel- fare work."^ On April 1, 1921, the council had a membership of 467. 716 LEO COUNCIL, MolJne CHAPLAINS — W. R. Moore J. H. Coburn Rev J. S. Kelly Edward Coryn George T. Rank Rev. J. B. Culemans H. T. Moss Rev. D. F. Monaghan J. E. Murphy A. T. Kipping GRAND KNIGHTS— Benjamin DeJaeger John C. McGreevy Frederick W. Rank R. W. Rank Francis C. King Leo Council No. 716 of Moline was instituted October 26, 1902. A number of prominent Catholic men in the city of Moline, who were members of Loras Council of Davenport, Iowa, held a meeting in the summer of 1902 and decided to take steps for the organization of a council of the Knights of Columbus. Their work was fruitful, and a council known 51. Information furnished by Hon. M. H. Cleary. 182 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ds Leo Council No. 716 was instituted on the date above named, with a charter membership of 28. Frederick W. Kank was elected the first Grand Knight and Eev. J. S. Kelly was selected as Chaplain. Leo Council took an active interest in all the work of the Order, and grew to gratifying numbers. When the first call came for funds to carry on the Knights of Columbus war welfare program the council, in a drive through Moline, collected $6,000 and in subsequent drives shared in the war chest which was created in Moline. The council purchased $1,200.00 of Liberty Bonds. Forty-six of the less than 200 members at the time were in the service. A notable event in which Leo Council was interested was the military funeral of Commandant C. M. Ripperger of the Rock Island Arsenal. Lieut. Ripperger was a professor in the School of Aviation of the Army, and lost his life in the performance of his duty at Marshfield, Riverside, California, on March 31, 1919. His remains were brought to Moline and accorded a military fu- neral, in which Leo Council took part as a body. Leo Council has a valuable council home in the business district of Moline, containing a meeting hall and club rooms.^^ A cut of Leo Council's Club room may be seen on page 180, with other council homes, 717 DE KALB COUNCIL, De Kalb CHAPLAINS — Thomas Halloran Michael Malone Rev. H. M. Fegers Charles F. Fitzgerald John L. Murphy Rev. H. G. VanPelt John A. Dowdall Michael Kennedy ^T, . i^TT^ -r^-^r^^-r-rr^r, William J. Hope, Sr. Edward M. Conlin GRAND KNIGHTS— Edward P. Malone Joseph Hart John H. Riley Edward J. Powers DeKalb Council No. 717 was instituted November 30, 1902, and has drawn its membership chiefly from the rural dis- tricts of the townships of South Grove, Mayfield, Sycamore, Malta, DeKalb, Cortland, Milan, Clinton, Afton, Pierce, Sha- bona. Squaw Grove and Virgil, and has been active at all times in the usual work of the Order. The council responded to all 52. Leo Council had a membership of 269 on April 1, 1921. PIONEER COUNCILS 183 calls during the war, using the quarters as a directing center, the members in the various localities acting in their several DE KALB COUNCIL. HOME vicinities. William F. Murphy served all through the war on the county Exemption Board. Thomas Halloran was a mem- ber of the Exemption Board. The following members were 184 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS very active in all loan and war work campaigns : John S. Murphy, James Fitzgerald, B, W. Lyons, J, E. Quinn, Dennis 'Brian, Daniel 'Brien, John 'Brien, John Brennan, P. H. Boyd, M. F. Malone, Edward Raymond, and J. P. Kane. The council has a commodious Home in which comfortable club rooms are maintained. '^^ 730 CHATSWORTH COUNCIL, Chatsworth CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— W. C. Quinn Rev. J. J. Quinn J. C. Corbett D. W. Ryan Rev. W. J. Burke G. W. McCabe Leo F. Garrity Rev. Edward C. Hearn J. A. O'Neil D. W. McCarthy J. W. Garrity J. A. Kerrins J. E. Roach John P. Baldwin Chatsworth Council No. 730 was instituted January 18, 1903. National Organizer Michael W. Gleason visited Chats- worth and put the organization procedure in motion. At the time of institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Peoria Council, including Rev. Francis J. Reilly in an important role. State Deputy Patrick L. Mc- Ardle and staff from Chicago exemplified the major degree. The class was a notably large one, consisting of 100 candidates. An interesting question arose at the institution in relation to membership in societies forbidden by the Church, which was eventually settled satisfactorily. At the first election after institution the principal officers elected were Grand Knight J. C. Corbett ; Deputy Grand Knight, J. F. Sullivan ; Financial Secretary, E. M. Reising; Recorder, J. W. Garrity; Treasurer, George W. McCabe. Rev. James J. Quinn was selected as Chaplain. The council was successful from the beginning, and has reached a membership of 360. A room in St. James' Hos- pital, Pontiac, was furnished by the council ; $2,000 has been expended for educational purposes ; $750.00 for religious pur- poses ; $500.00 for war welfare work, and $200.00 for Liberty Bonds and War Stamps.^* 53. See cut of Council Home on p. 184. 54. Chattsworth Council had 366 members on April 1, 1921. PIONEER COUNCILS 185 731 WAUKEGAN COUNCIL, Waukegan CHAPLAINS— R e V. William V e r- Halen Rev. D. J. Schuette Rev. John Plevnick Rev. Edmund A. Brod- man Rev. M. H. Shea Rev. J. B. Foley Rev. Joseph B. Lauer- mann GRAND KNIGHTS— John Conrad John Doyle John Reardon J. R. Durkin E. W. Tobin Thomas Durkin Frank Golden Joseph Daly E. P. Bidinger Walter B. Durkin Waukegan Council No. 731 was instituted March 9, 1903. The pioneer mover for the council was James McCloskey, WAUKEGAN CUUNCIL HOME who was very ably assisted by Rev. E. W. Gavin, Pastor of the Church of the Immaculate Conception. The degree work was in charge of State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle, and he was assisted in the third degree by Patrick Murphy and other pop- 186 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ular degree officers. The first Grand Knight was John Con- rad, and the first Chaplain was Rev. William Ver Halen. Since organization the council has been conspicuously active in all the work of the Order, and has an enviable record for charita- ble, religious and educational effort. In 1919 Waukegan Coun- cil, through the Columbus Institute, a corporation, acquired title to property in Waukegan, valued at approximately $125,- 000. This property was purchased at a very low price, and is all paid for with the exception of $20,000. The building con- sists of a 24-room hotel, lodge hall and club rooms, as well as a splendidly equipped theater with a seating capacity of 1,500. As appears in other chapters this property was prac- tically turned over for the use of the men in the service of the United States during the war in training at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, three miles distant from Waukegan, and of the men at Fort Sheridan, and a large part of the war welfare work of this region was here conducted.^^ 734 SANTA MARIA COUNCIL, Kewanee CHAPLAINS— Thomas O'Brien John P. Cavanagh Rev. D. L. Crowe Eugene O'Connor Harry N. Bauer Rev. P. H. Durkin Philip O'Grady Cameil D. DePauw Rev. William P. Burke John Barnes William Hagerty Rev. Charles Frencken Harry Carlin William D. Calvin GRAND KNIGHTS— Thomas Bradley Dr. J. T. Boswell Peter Fischer Santa Maria Council No. 734 of Kewanee was organized through the efforts of the late Rev. D. L. Crowe, in his lifetime Pastor of Visitation Parish, Kewanee. The council was insti- tuted on August 23, 1903, under the direction of Michael J. Daugherty, District Deputy and staff of Galesburg. It has always been active, and during the world war took a conspicu- ous part in all the war work, raising $6,000 for the Knights of Columbus Welfare Fund. Fifty-two of the members were in the service of their country, and one, Herbert Bailey, gave B5. See account in the chapter on War Work. PIONEER COUNCILS 187 up his life. The first Grand Knight was Peter Fischer, and the first Chaplain was Rev. D. L. Crowe. The council has pur- chased a building lot for a home at a cost of $8,250.00. Be- sides collecting $6,000 for war relief work, the council bought $500.00 worth of Liberty Bonds.^« 735 BELVIDERE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— C. C. Benvenutie Rev. J. C. Murphy John J. Shanesy Raymond Downs Rev. J. P. Joyce Patrick H. O'Donnell Earl Coppinger H. H. Kennedy Belvidere Council No, 735 was instituted January 11, 1903. The honor of bringing the Knights of Columbus to Bel- videre is due John R. Brown, at the time Grand Knight of Rockford Council and District Deputy. Since its institution the council has shown a steady healthy growth. During the great war Belvidere Council assumed leadership in every one of the home duties. Under the inspiration of the chaplain of the council, Rev. J. P. Joyce, assisted by Rev. William A. 'Rourke, assistant pastor, the council responded patriotically, and it was publicly acknowledged that the efforts of Father Joyce were second to none in Boone County. Twenty of the 101 members of the council were in the service during the war. Amongst those whose efforts have contributed to the maintenance and success of the council are John J. Shanesy (deceased), Patrick H. O'Donnell, Homer H. Kennedy, Claude Benevenuti, Raymond Downs, and Frank Farley." The coun- cil has expended for religious purposes $200.00; for charity, $500.00, and for war welfare work, $250.00. The history of the council would be incomplete without reference to the late Rev. P. H. McKeown, who, while stationed at Belvidere as assistant pastor, acted as Chaplain of the council. 56. Santa Maria Council on April 1, 1921, had 363 ini-mbors. 57. Of course this list could with propriety be extended, but these are entitled to special mention. 188 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 736 AURORA COUNCIL, Aurora CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— F. B. Streeter Rev. F. S. Reynolds J. W. Cyr Michael Demuth Rev. Leon M. Linden John R. Walsh Oscar J. Casey Rev. James Quinn Frank Wilkinson R. A. Milroy Rev. J. P. McGuire Frank P. Hanafin Oliver J. Gibbs Aurora Council No. 736 was instituted February 8, 1903. Eighty-five men made application to the Supreme Council for a charter and with the request that the new council be called Aurora. The application was acted upon favorably by the Su- preme Council, and a charter granted. Joseph Cyr, prominent in all things Catholic, was elected the first Grand Knight, and Rev. F. S. Reynolds was the first Chaplain. From eighty-five members the council has grown to a membership of 954. A building was purchased in the year 1912, for Club House pur- poses, and immediately the membership of Aurora Council was doubled. In 1919 one of the finest sites in the city was pur- chased, upon which it is planned to erect a $250,000 building for Club House purposes, and as a Catholic social center. One hundred twenty-six men of Aurora Council answered their country's call in the great war. One of these was wounded, although many were gassed. Two of the members served as Knights of Columbus secretaries, one serving overseas, and the other in the encampments in this country. The council took an active part in all the war activities of the city and received much praise for loyalty. Aurora Council has shown a remark- able growth. The members are workers and the meetings are well attended. No big civic improvement matter is put for- ward in this city but Aurora Council members take an active part and they have dispelled almost entirely all religious preju- dice.'^* 5S. More will be seen of Aurora Council's activities in other chapters. PIONEER COUNCILS 189 740 KEENAN COUNCIL, Amboy CHAPLAINS— Rev. T. J. Cullen William E. Clark Rev. J. P. Leddy pr Aivm^TNjTr-WTcj Charles W. Rabbit Rev. J. P. Heaney GRAND KNIGHTS— joh^ p. Canavan Rev. L. Berthold H. W. O'TooIe William Kirby James H. Kelleher ICeenan Council No. 740 was instituted June 21, 1903, at Amboy. The first and second degrees were in charge of Free- port and Sterling Councils, and the third degree was conferred by District Deputy John R. Brown of Rockford, assisted by a team from councils in Rockford, Freeport, Belvidere and Chi- cago. H. W. 'Toole, John P. Canavan, Dr. E. A. Sullivan, John P. Kester, John Kehoe and Charles W. Rabbit were mem- bers of Sterling Council prior to the institution of Keenan Council, and it was through their efforts that this council was started. Shortly after the council was instituted a club room and reading room were equipped and have been maintained for members and friends. William Kirby, during the war, was in service, as were also a large number of members of the coun- cil, among whom was Thomas LaVelle, who was killed in France. During the war the members at home took an active part in welfare work for the soldiers, acting on committees, etc., having charge of drives launched for the purpose of rais- ing money for the Knights of Columbus and the different war welfare organizations.^^ 745 ST. VIATEUR'S COUNCIL, Kankakee CHAPLAINS — Rev. J. P. Parker W. H. Savery Rev. T. J. Whelan Rev. J. F. Ryan James T. Burns Rev. M. Hanley Rev. J. W. R. Maguire Philip T. Lambert Rev. D. O'Dwyer Rev. A. F. Korthals H. A. Zinkman Rev. J. T. Bennett Rev. F. A. Sheridan A. E. Morcotte Rev. E. A. Kolevireski GRAND KNIGHTS— James L. Dougherty Rev. A. D. Granger Thomas F. Donovan James Coen Rev. J. C. Milot Armand E. Smith Armand E. Smith Rev. W. J. Bergin James F. Shields Z. L. Duchene Rev. J. P. O'Mahoney Louis P. LeCour W. J. Nourie Rev. W. J. Suprenant William Hickey lohn P. Hickey St. Viateur's Council No. 745 of Kankakee, was insti- tuted April 5, 1903. Thomas F. Donovan, then residing in 59. Keenan Council had a membership of 125 on April 1, 1921. 190 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Kankakee, was initiated into the Order at the institution of Chatsworth Council on January 18, 1903, Immediately upon returning to Kankakee he began an agitation for the organi- zation of a council there, and though he was the only member of the Order in Kankakee he created such an interest that a large class was ready for initiation upon the date mentioned above. Officers from Joliet, Bloomington and Chatsworth councils co-operated in the exemplification of the first and second degrees. The major degree was conferred by the then State Deputy Patrick L. jMcArdle, assisted by an able staff. The institution of St. Viateur 's Council was attended with some circumstances that made it especially notable. Perhaps up to that time there had never been in Illinois such a large gathering of members of the Order to witness the institution of a council. Special trains were run from Chicago, Joliet, Bloomington and Chatsworth, and the exercises were unusually successful. This was true especially of the sumptuous banquet served under the direction of the mothers, wives and sweethearts of the members. At the time of institution Thomas F. Donovan was selected as Grand Knight. The late A. E. Smith was selected as Deputy Grand Knight, and Eev, T. J. Whalen as Chaplain. Previous to the war St. Viateur 's Council had complied with aU requests of the State and Supreme bodies in respect to the work of the Order, such as the placing of Catholic Encyclopedias in the libraries of the city, awarding scholarship at St. Viateur 's College, Bourbonnais, lU., and in the distribution of prizes for essays on the life of Columbus. Previous to and during the war, when not taking the initiative St. Viateur 's was always active in the promotion of patriotic meetings and parades, such as the war preparedness parade, Red Cross and Liberty Bond parades and the meetings con- nected with them, for which the council at various times pro- vided the speakers. St. Viateur 's also conducted meetings for the advancement of aU of the Red Cross and Knights of Columbus war fund drives. United War work drives, Liberty PIONEER COUNCILS 191 Bond and "War Savings Stamp meetings and furnished at all times a goodly share of the four minute men and solicitors. St. Viateur's Council was the first organization of any kind that publicly welcomed the return of the soldiers; a welcome which they continued later by a repetition of the war work at the front, which was given at a Community Welcome. St. Viateur's during the war entertained and offered recreation in ST. VIATEUR'S COUNCIL, HOME, KANKAKEE its club rooms for all of the S. A. T. C. men from St. Viator's College. ^Vhen its quota of $700.00 was set for the first Knights of Columbus war fund its members promptly remitted to the Supreme Body $3,000.00. Because of its patriotic stand and its activities during the war the membership of St. Viateur's jumped from less than four hundred to one thousand and its membership is still being added to each week. St. Viateur's Council is the first council in the state of lUinois to announce plans for the erection of a Catholic Community Center Build- ing and before this history is off the press it wiU have erected a $200,000 building which is to accommodate meetings of the Catholic men, women, boys and girls of the community. It will 192 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS contain a large gymnasium, bowling alley, swimming pool, club rooms, rest rooms, libraries, etc., usually found in buildings of a similar nature. Much of the success of St. Viateur's Coun- cil is attributed to the active interest taken in it by the Rev. J. P. O'Mahoney, former president of St. Viator's College, Rev. W. J. Bergin and Rev. J. W. R. Maguire, also of St. Viator's College, the parish priests of Kankakee county and particularly the aid and assistance given the council by the Rev. L. G. Libert who died later from the effects of illness caused by serving as a chaplain with the army. Father Bergin and Father ]\Iaguire also served with the army as Knights of Columbus chaplains. A schedule of activities discloses that the council has expended for educational purposes $1,200; for religious purposes $1,500; for charity $1,600; for war welfare work $18,500, and for Liberty Bonds, war stamps, etc., $5,000."" 749 FEEHAN COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Michael J. Flynn Ilev. Michael Bonfield William R. Maloney T. Francis Cavanagh Rev. George W. W'un- LeRoy Hackett Robert J. Burns der George W. Lyon, Jr. Edward J. Neville Rev. Cyril F. Meade Harry J. Barton Edward J. Sordelet Feehan Council No. 749 of Chicago was instituted March 19, 1903. Rev. Michael Bonfield conceived the idea that re- sulted in the organization of Feehan Council, having been impressed with the beauty and solemnity of the Ritual of the Order, appreciating its power for good and realizing the need of such a society in the Lawndale District, Father Bonfield sought and procured permission for a council, and in con- junction with an organization committee, composed of William R. Maloney of De Soto Council, John J. Coyle of Damen Coun- cil, Homer J. Buckley of LaFayette Council, and George W. Lyon, Jr., of Illinois Council, all of St. Agatha's Parish, the 60. This very comprehensive report of the activities of St. Viateur's Council was furnished by Fred G. Kamp. PIONEER COUNCILS 193 preliminary work was performed and the council was insti- tuted on the date above stated. The first and second degrees were in charge of Damen Council, and the major degree was exemplified by State Deputy Patrick L, McArdle and staff headed by James J. Callahan. From a charter membership of 50 the council has grown to its present membei'ship of 582, and has always been in the front rank in all activities of the Order. During the war the council purchased $1,800 worth of liberty bonds, and was well represented among salesmen and speakers, in all bond drives. Knights of Columbus war work, the Red Cross and the United War Work campaign. Dues were waived from all members of the council in the service upon application. Everything possible was done for the comfort and benefit of the members who were in the service, and many <)f the families of members were aided. The council displayed a service flag containing 89 stars, including three gold stars. The distinguished Service Cross for bravery in action was conferred upon one member of the council viz., Serg. Major Daniel J. Hartnett, Jr. The gold stars were Edward J. Barry, killed in action in Prance, and decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross; Leo Hanley, killed in action, and James E. Ryan who died in the service. Ten members of the council received commissions in the United States Army, viz., Lieut. Rev. George J. Wunder, Chaplain of the council; Lieutenant Colonel Dr. William R. Larkin; Captain Thomas A. Hoy; Lieut. Malcomb J. Boyle ; Lieut. Howard A. Brundage ; Lieut. John J. Cummings; Lieut. Thomas E. Dunn; Lieut. John C. Gannon; Lieut. Emmett Morrissey and Lieut. Clement I. TNIcCarthy. Among the active leaders of Feehan Council should be named William R. Maloney (deceased), the first Grand Knight ; LeRoy Hackett, who became State Secretary and State Deputy and George W. Lyon, Jr., who was for several years State Secretary.*'^ 61. Information furnished by George W. Lyon. 194 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 754 DANVILLE COUNCIL, Danville CHAPLAINS — Rev. T. F. Monohan F. P. Myers Very Rev. Dean F. C. Rev. Thomas C. Gary J. M. Boyle Duffy Rev. A. Jajodziniski P. X. Sanger Rev. P. C. O. Cullerton Rev. F. J. Schaff C. R. Shannon Rev. John Costello ot? atvtt, xnvTTr-wT^Q Thomas O'Connell Rev. H. V. O'Brien OKAIn jj iUN iu±i i to— Herman Ewing Rev. Leo Henkle F. E. LeSeure John F. Gllmore Very Rev. Dean Fran- J. T. Morrisey Joseph Smith els J. O'Reilly E. L. Dowllng Herman Ewlng Danville Council No. 754 was instituted April 19, 1903. The first move for a council in Danville was made by Frank E. LeSeure who called a meeting of members belonging to neigh- boring councils, but residing in Danville, on March 1, 1903. Present at the meeting were Frank E. LeSeure, M. F. Keegan, E. L. Dowling, Edward Foran and J. W. Plaster. Work was immediately begun on the organization of the council, and on the date mentioned a class of 71 candidates received the de- grees. Large delegations were in attendance from Indianapolis, Terre Haute and Lafayette, Indiana, and from Springfield, Illinois. The first and second degrees were exemplified by degree officers chosen from Indianapolis and Springfield coun- cils, and the major degree was conferred by District Deputy Joseph J. Thompson, assisted by Thomas P. McDonnell and several members of District Deputy Thompson's staff from Bloomington. Frank E. LeSeure was elected as first Grand Knight and Rev. Dean F. C. Duffy was chosen as Chaplain. Danville Council has steadily progressed since organization ; lias taken part in all the activities of the Order, national and state, and met all calls upon the council for religious, charitable and educational purposes. On the outbreak of the war 51 mem- bers of the council entered the service, one died and three were wounded. The council oversubscribed its quota for wel- fare aid and invested money of its general fund in Liberty Bonds. Since the war the council adopted a division of the Boy Scouts and has given them liberal support.**^ 62. Danville Council on April 1, 1921, had 225 members. PIONEER COUNCILS 195 761 CHARLES CARROLL COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. James Jennings GRAND KNIGHTS- James J. Donahoe Patrick J. Murpliy Joseph Ratigan George Reinhart Thomas F. O'Connell James J. Walsh Joseph v. Lang Charles Carroll Council No. 761 of Chicago was instituted April 26, 1903. The idea of carrying the Knights of Columbus REV. JAMES J. JENNINGS Charles Carroll Council HON. EDWARD O. BROWN. Marquette Council to the great west side of Chicago was conceived in the minds of two prominent members of Illinois Council. With the sanc- tion of their Grand Knight and the State Deputy, James Dona- hoe and James McLennon set about the task of organizing a new council. In a short time they gathered together fifty-nine of their friends and made application to the Supreme Council 196 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS for a charter with the request that the new council be called the Charles Carroll of CarroUton. At the first re^lar meeting, which Avas held at Lowther Hall, West Madison Street and California Avenue, in recognition of the great work they had accomplished, James Donahoe was elected the first Grand Knight and James McLennon Deputy Grand Knight. At once Charles Carroll started to thrive. From sixty-one members it has grown to eleven hundred twenty-four. Its activities are known throughout all Knights of Columbus circles. A special interest has been shown in educational affairs and liberal con- tributions have been made for Catholic education. Charles Carroll Council made a splendid record in the late war. Two hundred and forty-one members answered the country's call. Of these, fiive made the supreme sacrifice. Thirteen were com- missioned officers in the Army and Navy and twelve were non- commissioned. Three priests, members of the council, enlisted as chaplains and seven members served the Knights of Colum- bus as secretaries. Of these one was Supervisor of the middle west camps, one served overseas and five at various camps in this country. The trustees report shows that Charles Carroll Council holds two thousand dollars worth of liberty bonds. The meetings of the council are well attended. Very seldom is a session held with less than twenty-five percent of the mem- bership present. Good fellowship is supreme. The members not only work for the welfare of their council, but for that of the Order as well.®^ 773 FORT DEARBORN COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Thomas J. McMahon Rev. John Gillen George Bohan Thomas J. O'Connell Rev. J. J. O'Hern William J. Donovan Austin E. Regan Rev. C. B. McClellan Dr. J. J. McLaughlin Rev. F. J. Gillespie Fort Dearborn Council No. 773 was instituted July 1, 1903. It was organized during the time that preparations were 63. Accounts of activities of members of the council will be found in otber chapters. PIONEER COUNCILS 197 being made for the celebration of the Centenary of the Fort Dearborn Massacre and was for that reason named Fort Dear- born. John Trauscht was the man who conceived the idea of organizing a council in the vicinity of All Saints Parish, 25th Place and Wallace Street, and may justly be called the ''Father of Fort Dearborn Council." He was assisted ably by Alder- man John E. Richert and Alderman Charles A. Biederman. The council has always been active in all movements of the Order, and has responded to every call of the Supreme or State Council. During the World War the council had in the Air Service 1 ; in the Navy 21 ; in the Army 84 ; in the Marines 3, making a total of 109 out of a membership at the time of 290. One member, George Bonfield, was killed in battle the day before the Armistice was signed, and three members. Rev. John J. Ahern, Captain Chaplain; Serg.-Major Wm. A. Mc- Cormick, and Serg. Edward J. O'Donnell were cited for bravery. The council bought $750 worth of liberty bonds, and did excellent welfare work under the leadership of Arthur A. Baadte and Edward J. Ryan.^* 776 WOODSTOCK COUNCIL, Woodstock CHAPLAINS— D. F. Quinlan R. H. Corr Rev. M. S. Gilmartin E. J. Gerry R. M. Wienke ^r> ATVTT^ T^xTT,-.tTrr.c. Johii Bolger James B. Riley GRAND KNIGHTS— c. Frank Daly J. T. Pratt John J. Cooney James P. Green Woodstock Council No. 776 was instituted May 3, 1903, with State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle in charge. The foun- ders and sponsors of Woodstock Council included Rev. M. S. Gilmartin, John J. Cooney, D. F. Quinlan, Frank Daly and James P. Green. The council has had a steady solid growth ; has made a fixed annual contribution for religious purposes, and contributed $3,000 for war welfare work. It maintains commodious club rooms covering an entire floor in a prominent building on the public square. Thirty-five percent of the mem- 64. Fort Dearborn has grown to bo one of the larger councils, having on April 1, 1921, 1,105 members. 198 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS bership of the council served in the war; two members gave their lives ; one of them, Henry Schmitt, in the Battle of Chip- pily Ridge, on August 9, 1918.^^ 790 STREATOR COUNCIL, Streator CHAPLAINS— Rev. H. A. O'Kelley GRAND KNIGHTS- P. J. Lucey G. G. Reinhard J. E. Condren B. T. Keating M. H. Linskey James Radigan F. C. Kilroy Raymond J. Jennett J. E. McGuire Edward P. Lyons Thomas J. Walsh Frank A. Ryan Streator Council No. 790 was instituted January 10, 1904. The sponsors of Streator Council were Patrick J. Lucey D. F. QUINLAN, Woodstock Council PETER BWERTS, Fort Dearborn Council and G. G. Reinhard, who belonged to the Order before Streator Council was instituted. Late in the year 1903 these men called a meeting which was held in the Spalding Lyceum, at which it was resolved to take the necessary proceedings for the insti- tution of a council. At the institution the officers of Starved 65. On April 1, 1921, Woodstock Council had a membership of 222. PIONEER COUNCILS 199 Rock Comicil of Ottawa exemplified the first and second de- grees, and District Deputy James G. Condon of Chicago con- ferred the major degree. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Patrick J. Lucey, Grand Knight ; H. F. Rowland, Deputy Grand Knight ; R. F. Purcell, Chancellor ; A. A. Solon, Recorder; G. G. Reinhard, Financial Secretary, and W. A. Sullivan, Treasurer. Rev. H. A. 'Kelly was selected as Chaplain and has held that post ever since. The council has been very successful and has increased to a mem- bership of nearly 500. The social affairs of the council have been numerous and creditable. Columbus Day has been cele- brated every year, and has always been a social success. The council has engaged in much charitable, religious and edu- cational work, and was prompt and effective in war welfare work. Headquarters are maintained at 116 S. Monroe Street, consisting of parlor, billiard hall and lodge room. A building site has been purchased, in a very favorable location, and build- ing will be begun as soon as conditions are favorable. The council raised $3,800 for the Knights of Columbus war drives, and purchased $1,200 worth of war securities.®^ 792 CALVERT COUNCIL, La Salle CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. C. Kennedy P. J. Byrne Rev. J. E. Hennelly ^„ . ^.^.^ ^^^.^^^^-^ J. B. McManus Rev. Edward Grobusch GRAND KNIGHTS— ^ j Kirby Rev. P. M. O' Regan Thomas F. Doyle J. E. McGrail Rev. J. J. Murray J. B. Malone. Jr. E. J. McNultv Rev. D. D. Lane P. E. Coleman W. A. Shields Calvert Council No. 792 of La Salle was instituted Juiy 13, 1903, with a membership of about fifty, many of whom had transferred from Starved Rock Council, of Ottawa. The pre- liminary work for the organization of the council was done by National Organizer, Michael W. Gleason. Starved Rock Council had charge of the first and second degrees, and District Deputy Joseph J. Thompson, assisted by Thomas P. McDon- 66. The membership is slightly less than 500 ; 467 on April 1, 1921. 200 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS neU, and staff selected from Bloomington Council, conferred the major degree. The council has experienced a healthy and rapid growth; has engaged in much religious and charitable work, and has been especially conspicuous for its social activi- ty. When America entered the war the council at once en- gaged in all the war activities. One hundred and fifteen out of 490 members of the council were in the service and four gave up their lives. The quota of Calvert Council in the Knights of Columbus drive for war welfare work was $5,000, but the council raised $7,100. It also purchased $1,590 of liberty bonds. The council has acquired a lot located at Second and Mar- quette streets, in the heart of the business district of La Salle, at a cost of $13,000, and plans have been drawn and accepted for a building, which will furnish ample accommodations as a Knights of Columbus home."^ 805 LEO XIII COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John L. Sheridan Rev. William O'Shea Joseph E. O'Meara Harry J. Hill Rev. Patrick McGee Francis J. Houlihan Barney J. Payton Rev. J. P. Cannell Michael E. Dalton Samuel R. Tomkins Rev. E. Kelly Thomas Hughes Sidney M. Doheny Rev. H. P. Coughlin John J. Sullivan James J. McDermott Leo XIII Council No. 805 of Chicago was instituted Aug- ust 2, 1903. The council owes its origin to Joseph E. O'Meara, originally a charter member of Illinois Council, and Thomas J. 'Hare. The original territory of the council lay in All Saints and Nativity Parishes. The first and second degrees were con- ferred on 68 candidates by the officers of Damen, Lafayette, and Calumet Councils. The third degree was conferred by Joseph J. Thompson and staff with Thomas P. McDonnell, Patrick J. White, Frank W. Gregory and Albert A. Ulbrich, all of Bloomington, in leading roles. The first officers of Leo XIII Council were Joseph E. O'Meara, Grand Knight; Thomas J. O'Hare, Deputy Grand Knight; James 'Shaighnessey, 67. On April 1, 1921, Calvert Council had 702 members. PIONEER COUNCILS 201 Chancellor ; Francis J. Houlihan, Advocate ; Rev. Wm. 'Shea, Chaplain ; Dr. Thos. Hughes, Treas. ; Chas. Cavauagh, Financial Secretary; Thos. O'Connor, Recorder; Jos. P. Wall, Warden; Thos. Burke, Lecturer; Michael Healy, Inside Guard; Jas. F, Larkin, Outside Guard; August Floegel, Edgar Harris and LEO XIII COUNCIL HOME John J. Priestly Trustees. The Grand Knights, as well as several of the other officers who succeeded the first officiary were men of distinction. The next in succession after Mr. 'Meara was Francis J. Houlihan, a distinguished lawyer, and after- wards a prominent District Deputy. Next came Michael E. Dalton, who afterwards became State Secretary. Dr. Thomas Hughes succeeded Mr. Dalton, and became so endeared to the council as to be known as "the grand old man of Leo XIII." 202 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS It is said of Dr. Hughes that no other man, officer or member has been a more loyal and consistent supporter of Leo Council. Next in succession was Hon. John J. Sullivan, Judge of the Superior Court of Cook County who was succeeded by John L. Sheridan. Sheridan was succeeded by Harry J. Hill. Barney J. Pay ton took office just before the war, but became a volunteer in the Navy, and interrupted his term of service. He was succeeded by Samuel R. Tomkins, one of whose claims to fame in the Knights of Columbus is the organization of the Leo Boys ' Club. Mr. Tomkins was succeeded by Barney J. Payton, on his return from the Navy, who served one year. Mr. Pay- ton was succeeded by Sidney M. Doheny. Grand Knight Doheny has served Leo XIII Council for the past ten years in various offices. He was Secretary of Leo XIII Council Building Association for six years and also deserves in a large measure the credit for the success of Leo XIII Council by reason of his superior knowledge of finances, having success- fully handled the finances of Leo XIII Council for the past nine years. Brother Doheny has been commonly referred to as the ' ' Watch Dog ' ' of the Treasury. Grand Knight Sul- livan is entitled to a large part of the credit for the Leo Coun- cil's magnificent club house. Working successfully with Past Grand Knight Francis J. Houlihan, J. J. Conroy, S. M. Doheny, Dr. Thos. Hughes, J. J. Goode, Thomas Turick, T. A. Murphy, H. J. Hill, T. J. Leydon, Michael E. Dalton, J. H. Evans, L. McCoy, J. L. Sheridan and William Hanrahan, the club house was brought to a successful completion and is one of the best of the Knights of Columbus homes. Leo Council is entitled to credit for a great many meritorious works. It has always been active in the religious, charitable and educational movements of the Order. It stood in the front rank of sports and athletics. It was always active in the Christmas cheer work, and in every form of relief. But aside from its splendid war record the council takes its greatest satisfaction from the gift of a magnificent mosaic floor for PIONEER COUNCILS 203 the Sanctuary of Visitation Church. Responding to the appeal of Rev. H. P. Coughlin, Pastor of Visitation Church, for aid in making necessary improvements and repairs, the council offered to replace the sanctuary floor in mosaic. Their offer was promptly accepted by the Pastor, and the beautiful floor stands as a memorial to the loyalty of spirit of Leo Council. Two hundred and ninty-five of the members of Leo Council served the country during the war. Of these, 13 were com- missioned officers and four gave their lives.^^ 845 DU PONTARIS COUNCIL, Morris CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— J. E. Connor Rev. W. G. Meehan J. B. McCann P. J. Walsh Rev. J. D. D'Arcy C. Reardon P. T. Murray Rev. D. J. Tuohy J. A. Henebery P. S. Carahan Rev. T. B. O'Brien P. H. Hayes A. V. Griffin R. G. McGrath Dr. Paul H. Anthony DuPoNTARis Council No. 845 of Morris, Illinois, was insti- tuted February 21, 1904. It was organized through the efforts of James B. McCann and a few others, and a class of 40 was given the three degrees under the direction of District Deputy Daniel R. Burke. The degree work was followed by a banquet attended by 500 persons. The council had its struggles against lack of interest for a number of years, but has attained a flour- ishing condition. It has scored a success in educational work. Through the aid of high school teachers it has conducted night schools for the foreign population of the city. In the year 1920 ten young men of Polish, German and Lithuanian birth were given diplomas from the eighth grade through the night school. The council maintains club rooms which are a source of pleasure, especially to the younger members. The social side is given due attention. Charities have been as gen- erous as the treasury would permit. The council was well represented in the World 's War. One member, Thomas Kin- sella, dying of pneumonia in an English hospital. The fol- lowing is the record : Dr. Paul H. Anthony, First Lieutenant 68. Leo XIII had a membership on April 1, 1921, of 1,077. 204 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS in the Medical Corps; Frank Flood, army; Daniel Warren, army ; Andrew Morrison, wounded severely in France ; Robert Morrison, E, S. Shields, army; Edward McLierman, navy; Frank Murray, navy; Thomas Kinsella, army; Leon Cast, navy; George Brady, navy. The council did such welfare work as came to its hands, and purchased a liberal amount of bonds."'' 699 LITCHFIELD COUNCIL, Litchfield CHAPLAINS— James A. Kniery G. A. W^and Rev. P. P. Carroll R. McElllgott Joseph A. Kniery . ^^^ ,,^,^^^-,..,o, Joseph M. Gallagher • C. J. Heise GRAND KNIGHTS- Albert L. Kane J. J. Murray Dr. P. M. Kelly Leo B. Lager Daniel Macreiewski Litchfield Council No. 699 was instituted February 14, 1904. The members of Litchfield Council have just cause to be proud of their organization — not in numbers, but in good work, can Litchfield council be considered. Organized on Feb- ruary 14, 1904, Litchfield was the most active council south of Springfield and east of Alton. The prime movers in organiz- ing Litchfield Council were Edward J. Sweeney, C. B, Munday, Jr., and D. A. Sweeney, who were members of other councils. A meeting was held here early in January, 1904, at which time it was decided and enough members secured to organize a council. This meeting was attended by District Deputy, E. J. Mon-isey, of Alton; State Chaplain, Rev. William J. Healy, of Effingham and several members of Alton council. The date was set at this meeting for the organization. The first and second degrees were conferred by Effingham council, assisted by Mr. Mahoney, of Alton. The third degree was con- ferred by District Deputy Morrisey and his efficient staff, of Alton. The first officers of Litchfield Council were : Grand Knight, Dr. P. M. Kelly; Deputy Grand Knight, M. J. Mc- 69. This council was named with the intention of honoring Father Hippolyte DuPontavice, one of the early priests who ministered to the faithful in Northern Illinois from December, 1839, to January, 1844. He was pastor at Joliet, but traveled through all the surrounding neighborhood. See account in Illinois Catholic Historical Revieic, Vol. V, p. 141 et. seq. Diflacult penmanship is responsible for the error which makes the name of the Council DuPontaris. It should be DuPontavice. PIONEER COUNCILS 205 Grath ; Chancellor, Daniel M. Sullivan ; Recorder, William P. Kaveney; Financial Secretary, M. J. Buscherj Treasurer, Wil- liam A. Bartman; Lecturer, Richard McElligott; Advocate, Joseph Welsh; Warden, Christopher Wiegers; Inside Guard, William C. Goodin; Outside Guard, Isaac Daly; Chaplain, Rev. P. F. Carroll ; Trustees, John P. Carroll, John Motherway and John Holland. It might be well to state here that Rev. P. F. Carroll, the first chaplain, still serves the council in that capacity. He is the pastor of St. Mary 's Church, and has one of the finest churches and schools in this vicinity. Litchfield, when organized, had a large and fruitful terri- tory to draw from and in a short time had a large and prosper- ous membership, but Morrisonville and Farmersville, each just a few miles distant, came knocking at the door in 1906 for per- mission to organize separate councils, which permission was granted. Later on, Gillespie and then Staunton were organ- ized, so Litchfield is the mother of four substantial councils. In athletics, Litchfield council organized and maintained for a number of years a baseball team and had the finest equipped and most picturesque ball park in Central Illinois. The club was known as the Anchor Club. They instituted "Schalk Day," in honor of Ray Schalk, famous catcher of the Chicago White Sox, who is a Litclifield boy. This day is still kept up each year and is considered the greatest baseball event of South Central Illinois. Dr. P. M. Kelly, the first grand knight of Litchfield council, was an ardent worker for the Knights of Columbus. He served Litchfield Council faithfully in several capacities and also served as District Deputy. He was appointed Superin- tendent of the Illinois State Hospital, at Kankakee, which po- sition he held at the time of his death. At the beginning of the World War, Leo B. Lager, a true knight and a tireless worker in the cause of the Knights of Columbus, was Grand Knight. When the call came for funds. 206 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS he organized a War Relief Committee of seven members and this committee raised $4,100.00 for war relief work. Grand Knight Lager was a victim of the ''flu" in 1918 and he, too, left a place in Litchfield council that can never be filled. The social activities of Litchfield council are many and various, but the outstanding feature is the St. Valentine's Ball, an annual event to commemorate the anniversary of the organi- zation of the council.'^" Litchfield Council just recently moved into a new home on Kirkham and Harrison streets, within a stone's throw of the Post Office building. The home compares favorably with the best Knights of Columbus homes. It serves as a council for the meeting place, and a real home for the members who desire to room there. It is truly ''a house by the side of the road." For the possession of the beautiful home, too much credit cannot be given the present Grand Knight, Charles J. Heise, who never tires in working for the Knights of Columbus, but especially for Litchfield Council. 851 COMMERCIAL COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Dennis J. O'Brien Rev. Edward E. Mul- Edward Bailey Charles W. Witthoeft laly James Dalton James J. Coughlin Rev. James O'Donag- Hames A. Beggs Peter J. Monahan hue Patrick J. Byrne Albert J. Smith Rev. H. G. Wellman Harry P. Dolan James A. Gillespie Commercial Council No. 851 of Chicago was instituted March 12, 1904. This council was organized in the Board of Trade by some of the brightest young men of that great com- mercial institution from which it derives its name. The council was instituted with 80 members, every one an insurance member, and was the first council in the Order since associate members were permitted to organize with one hundred per cent insurance. Edward Bailey, the first Grand Knight, was the youngest Grand Knight in the Order, and just past twenty- 70. This satisfying sketch is provided by J. J. Murray, Council Histo- riographer. PIONEER COUNCILS 207 one years, when he was elected to that high and honorable posi- tion. For the first five years it was the most enthusiastic coun- cil in the state, for the reason that 98 per cent of the members were under 30 years of age. It became famous throughout the city for its receptions and entertainments, also its baseball club, for it had some stars and was managed by John J. Mor- gan. The second Grand Knight was James R. Dalton, one of the directors of the Board of Trade. The third was James A. Beggs, a member of the Board of Trade. The fourth was Pat- rick J. Burns, in the banking business; fifth, Judge Harry P, Dolan ; sixth, Dennis 'Brien ; seventh, Charles H. Witthoeft ; eighth, James Coughlin ; ninth, Peter J. Monaghan, who was a very hard worker, and who increased the membership by 50 per cent. The council during the world war had in the service 36 members, 20 in the army, 15 in the navj', and one in a"vda- tion ; all of them came back safe to their loved ones.^^ 852 HILDEBRAND COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Thomas "W. Campbell Rev. Thomas E. Judge Joseph Donlan George Holbrook Rev. William J. Mc- John E. Cooney Edward Gannon Namee Daniel A. McCann James J. Gillen Joseph McGeean Patxick J. Bonner Martin Walsh HiLDEBRAND COUNCIL No. 852 of Chica^o was instituted May 27, 1904. National Organizer Michael "W. Gleason did the preliminary work of the council. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Leo XIII Council, and the major degree by District Deputy Daniel D. Donahoe. The principal officers elected upon the institution of the council were Joseph Donlon, Grand Knight, and John E. Cooney, Deputy Grand Knight. Hildebrand Council took part in aU activities of the Order, and was one of the first members of the Chicago Chapter, and one of the first councils to hold its meet- ings in the Chapter Council Room. The meetings of the coun- cil were held there until 1920, when the location of the council 71. On April 1, 1921, Commercial CouncU had 327 members. 208 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS was changed to the west side. Since the change of location the council membership has increased 125 per cent/- Hildebrand Council has initiated some quite notable members. Early mem- bers of the Order will recollect the institution of the council, and such as were present and witnessed the ceremonies will ■l^M ^^BH^^^^^^^^^^HHHBSHH^^-^S^Pk^ ^^^^^^^^^^Kr -^BHr^. ^^^^^^^H Bikjw .-MKlK^i ^jjtfK^ ^^^^^^^^^^^I^BflMi^^ ^^^^^^^^Hi * '****' '^^y ' ^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^HiS^^^^^^^I HHI^^F^^I^^HHHi 1 B^^^BB^^^^^^^^^^^^^B EDWARD HINES, K. C. S. G. Commercial Council DENNIS F. KELLY, K. S. G., Father Setters Council remember with satisfaction the interest which the then Chief of Police of Chicago, Francis J. O'Neill, manifested in the proceedings. One of his assistants, Frank J. Callahan, took a prominent part in the degree work, and a few more members of the Police Force were present. The Chief naturally exacted the customary respect and obedience from his sub- ordinates, and they in their turn paid all due deference to I'i. On April 1, 1921, Hildebrand Council had 237 members. PIONEER COUNCILS 209 their Chief, all of which was interesting, especially to the member spectators. Edward Hines, since a Knight Com- mander of the Order of St. Gregory, by nomination of Pope Benedict XV., was another member of the charter class of Hildebrand. Rev. Thomas E. Judge, the distinguished writer and pulpit orator, was a charter member also. The lamented Michael W. Gleason transferred from Chicago Council, and became a member of Hildebrand at the time of the institution, and held his memberehip in that council until his death. Daniel A. McCann, who afterwards became President of the Chicago Chapter, also was a charter member of Hildebrand Council. The council has produced two active district deputies in the persons of Martin Walsh and John E. Cooney. It is believed that more degree staff officers have come from Hildebrand than any other single council. In this regard every place on a de- gree staff has been frequently filled by members of the coun- cil. Hildebrand council has been especially active in athletics, and has developed some of the distinguished athletes of the Order. ] ^' 854 PONTIAC COUNCIL, Pontiac CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— E. A. Chalmers Rev. James A. DoIIard E. A. Simmons F. A. Ortman Rev. William Dooley W. J. Butler Rev. John H. Cannon P. A. Gibbons Pontiac Council No. 854 was instituted May 1, 1904, Rev. James A. Dollard, assistant pastor at Pontiac, was the chief proponent of the council. William Burke and E. A. Sim- mons, of Pontiac, who had joined Chatsworth Council sometime before the organization of Pontiac Council, rendered valuable assistance. The council was organized under the personal di- rection of Joseph J. Thompson, then District Deputy of Bloom- ington, Illinois. At the institution the first and second degrees were conferred by Joliet Council, and the major degree by District Deputy Joseph J. Thompson and staff. There were delegations present from Bloomington, Kankakee, Chatsworth 210 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS and Joliet. The principal officers elected on the day of insti- tution were: Grand Knight, E. A. Simmons; Deputy Grand Knight, Joseph P. Lyons ; Chaplain, Rev. James A. Dollard ; Chancellor, Daniel Callahan; Financial Secretary, M. E. Lyons ; Treasurer, F. J. Butler. The council commenced with 41 members, doubled the number at the next initiation, and occupied a hall of its own, which it leased, with small club rooms. In the course of its progress the council has furnished a room in St. James Hospital twice (fire having destroyed the hospital once), contributed its full quotas to the Chair of Secular History, and the Endowment Fund for the Catholic University at Washington ; placed the Catholic Encyclopedia in the public library ; furnished Christmas tree and prizes for scholarships annually at St. Mary 's Parochial School ; contrib- uted full assessment for the war fund and raised $2,000 for the war camp fund. The third degree staff, under the direction of District Deputy E. A. Simmons, has gained an enviable rep- utation and has conferred the major degree in Indiana and Wisconsin, twice in St. Louis, and very frequently in Illinois.^ 3 73. See accounts in other chapters. CHAPTER VII COQNJILS INSTITUTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF STATE DEPUTIES JOSEPH J. I'HOMPSON AND LEWIS EDWARD SAUTER Joseph J. Thompson joined the Order through Blooming- ton Council in 1901. Shortly after becoming a member he was appointed District Deputy by State Deputy Patrick L. McArdle, and immediately was called into ac- tion to assist in extending the Order through the institution of new coun- cils. Although as District Deputy Mr. Thompson had taken a prominent part in the organization of St. Vai- teur's, Danville, Beardstown, Calvert, Litchfield, and Pontiac Councils, the first council instituted after his elec- tion as State Deputy was that at Paris. From that time on the new councils came thick and fast, so that within the two years of his incumbency thirty-seven councils were instituted. 860 PARIS COUNCIL, Paris CHAPLAINS— Rev. P. Fallon Rev. John Crossin Rev. P. A. Lyons GRAND KNIGHTS- O. J. McGurty, M. D. William Sullivan J. I. Blackman Frank Meloy William H. Dillon William Boyle Edward Dunn Robert Waller George Schaak Edward C. O'Brien Willard Kelley James E. Garvin Daniel A. Halloran R. J. Hunter W. E. Conklin, M. D. Paris Council No. 860 was instituted May 8, 1904. A number of members of Terre Haute, Indiana, Council No. 541 residing in Paris, including 0. J. McGurty, M. D., J. I. Blackman, James Carroll, Al Bell, Rev. P. Fallon, J. A. Gavin, 211 212 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS William Sullivan and Ed Blackman are responsible for the establishment of the council, to which they transferred. Seven- ty-two candidates signed the original charter. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Terre Haute Council, and the third by Daniel Ragin, District Deputy from Indiana. The principal officers elected at the institution of the council were Grand Knight Dr. 0. J. ]\IcGurty ; Deputy Grand Knight J. I. Blackman, Chancellor Andrew A. Bell ; Financial Secretary W. A. Halloran ; Recorder Frank Meloy ; Treasurer George W. Wood. Rev. P. Fallon was selected as Chaplain. Paris Council has been conspicuous for its activity in all the work of the Order. A summary of the efforts of the council shows that it expended for educational purposes $600.00 ; for religious purposes, $1,000 ; for charity, $700.00 ; for welfare work, $1,200.00. The council has a home of its own valued at $40,000, the lower floor of which is rented for commercial purposes, and the second and third floors used by the council. At the time the building was purchased there were only 146 members in the council, and the membership has never reached 200. Paris contains less than 10,000 population, and there are but 165 Catholic families in the territory of the council. There are not now more than 25 Catholic men in the territory eligi- ble to membership who have not become members.^ 868 .JACKSONVILLE COUNCIL, Jacksonville CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— James McGinnis Rev. Dean J. W. J. C. McEnery, M. D. William T. Harmon Crowe R. E. Harmon D. Scott Sweeney Rev. Charles L. Degen Eugene Kettering James V. Kennedy Rev. William T. Sloan D. J. Harries Thomas J. Duffner Rev. E. J. Cahill P. H. Lonergan Leo J. Flood Jacksonville Council No. 868 was instituted July 21, 1904. National Organizer IMichael W. Gleason visited Jack- sonville and in conjunction with James McGinnis, James Mc- Bride, Thomas W. Magner and D. E. Sweeney, did the pre- 1. Very few councils have so nearly exhausted the eligibles in the community. , ' ILLINOIS COUNCILS 213 liminary work. The officers of Beardstown and Springfield Councils conferred the first and second degrees, and State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson and staff exemplified the third degree. The first officers of Jacksonville Council were Grand Knight, Dr. J. C. McEnery; Deputy Grand Knight, R. E. Har- REV. F. X. McCABE, C. M., L.L.D. Brownson Council REV. JOHN WEBSTER MELODY. D.D. Americus Council mon; Chancellor, L. F. McDonnell; Financial Secretary, George D. Hagel; Recording Secretary, John Johnson; Warden, J. M. Carroll; Treasurer, Michael White; Advo- cate, J. H. McDonnell; Lecturer, John A. Schmalz; Inside Guard, James Trahey; Outside Guard, Timothy Riley; Trus- tees, F. F. Schmalz, James W. Harrington and D. E. Sweeney ; 2U KNIGHTS OF COLOIBUS IX ILLINOIS the first Oiaplain of JacksonTille Council was R^v. Dean J. W. Crowe. The conncil has progressed steadily, joining in all the activities of the Order, and making a creditable record in religiotis. charitable and educational work. TVhen the war caU came one hundred nineteen members responded. Three of these gave their lives. All calls for war welfare funds were promptly and KberaUy responded to. and the members joined in all the general war work. A very successful degree staff under the direction of District Deputy John J. Ferry has been developed from the council.- "Wexona Council No. 884 was instituted in Wenona. on June 20. 1904. at the instance of Eev. J. P. Smith. Pastor of St. Marv's Church, at Wenona. Leave was granted bv State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson for the organization of the coun- ciL The preliminary work was largely taken care of locally with one visit from the National Organizer, ^lichael "SV. Glea- son. The institution of the council took place on an extremely warm day in the basement of the Catholic school. Degree staffs from Pontiac and Peoria were in charge of the first and second degrees, and State Deputy Thompson and his staff. selected from Bloomington Council, exemplified the third degree. The institution of the council was propitious and its early progress satisfactory. In the course of a short time. however, difficulties arose which apparently could not be accom- modated. The pastor, Father Smith, who was the original sponsor of the council, felt that the proper kind of progress was not being made, and withdrew his approval. The council languished and surrendered its charter in 1906. This was the first and only council in Illinois to suspend. There have been several mergers, but Wenona is the only instance of a coun- cil surrendering its charter. Many of the members of Wenona transferred to councils in neighboring cities.' 2. Sec account of degree staff elsewhere. 3. S«* aeeonni of surrender of charter in Eepon of State Deputy Sauter to State Convention, 1906. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 215 887 IR\TS'G FARK COUNCIL. Chicago CHAPLAIN'S— GRAXD KNIGHTS— James F. Clancr Rev. J. J. Cregan TT. J. Kelly inchael J. Gaxrity James E. Morris«y Philip J. Ra-rv Thomas F. Gayer Frank J. Enrigiit 887 FATHER O CONNOR IRMNG PARK Chica^ CHAPTiuArNS — GRAXD KNIGHTS — ^rmiajtn N. Guerin Rev. M. P. ^Veidner Frank J. Enright Joseph A. Manning Rev. John P. Camp- beU Ikvts'g Park CorxciL No. S81 (now named Father O'Con- nor) was institnted June 16. 1904. The original organizers were W. J. Kelly, Nicholas J. Leavitt and C. D. Downie. The first and second degrees were conferred bv the of&eers of Com- mercial Council, and the third by District Deputy Daniel D. Donahoe. The principal officers elected at the time of the in- stitution were W. J. Kelly, Grand Knight : Thomas F. Connor, Deputy Grand Knight : C. D. Downie. Recorder : N. J. Leavitt, Financial Secretary: T. J. "Wilson. Chancellor: and Joseph Hechinger. Treasurer. Rev. J. J. Cregan was selected as Chap- lain. Irving Park Council began its career with a member- ship of 23. and ran along very conservatively, building up a solid membership, until at the beginning of 192<3 there were 465 members enrolled, more than half of them being insurance members. During these sixteen years the c-ouncil took part in all the general activities of the Order and assumed and properly discharged all the obligations resting upon it. One hundred and two of the members were in the service of the United States during the war and the members who were not called co-operated with the good citizens in all home war work. After the war was over the younger members gradually returned. and the activities of the council increased. The membership grew, and the council was in a prosperous c-ondition and very progressive under the leadership of Grand Knight Frank J. Enright, who was twice re-elected. A very important event 216 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS in the history of the council occurred at a regular meeting held on March 11, 1920. On that date a committee, representing a number of the members of the Knights of Columbus residing in Our Lady of ]\Iercy Parish, amongst whom were William N. Gruerin, later Grand Knight of Father O'Connor Council, FRANK J. ENRIGHT Father O'Connor Council MARTIN J. HOUGH Father O'Connor Council John W. Carroll and Martin J. Hough, the well-known degree officer, presented a letter to the council, asking assent to the organization of a new council in virtually the same territory, to be known as Father O'Connor Council.* It was proposed to have the meetings of the new council at a hall adjacent to the one used by Irving Park Council. The officers and mem- bers of Irving Park Council, most of whom knew Father 'Con- 4. In honor of Rev. Edward P. O'Connor, born in Chicago, March 10, 1888, educated in St. Ignatius College and Niagara University. He was ordained at Niagara in 1912. While stationed at Our Lady of Mercy Church. Chicago, ho volunteered as an army chaplain. After his discharge he was sent first to St. Sylvesters and from there to St. Ann's. While there he contracted the "flu" and died February 4, 1920. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 217 nor during his active priesthood, were very desirous of having his memory honored, for he was beloved by all who knew him. Catholic and non-Catholic, and rated as one of the ablest young priests of the Archdiocese of Chicago. Upon consider- ation of the matter a counter-proposal was evolved, and sug- gested to the committee by Grand Knight Enright. The com- mittee was advised that Irving Park Council was entirely will- ing to grant the request, if no more satisfactory arrangement could be arrived at, but since all were anxious to honor the memory of Father O'Connor, it was proposed that Irving Park Council change its name to Father O'Connor Council, and change the meeting place to a larger and more commodious hall, and arrange to have all the proponents of the new council and the candidates then in mind join this reorganization. The suggestion came as a surprise to the committee as they had expected some opposition, but when they found that the coun- cil would not only assent to the formation of a new council, if necessary, but that the members were willing to merge with the prospects and thus give standing and perfected organiza- tion with sixteen years of experience in Knights of Columbus activities, and a live progressive and active membership of 465 men, they were highly pleased. The chairman of the com- mittee, William N. Guerin, stated that his committee had full power to act, and on behalf of the committee accepted the sug- gestions of Grand Knight Enright, and in an eloquent and impressive talk urged the membership of Irving Park Coun- cil to ratify the proposal. Accordingly, a special meeting of the council was held, which was very largely attended, and upon motion it was unanimously agreed to instruct the Grand Knight and Recorder to forward suitable resolutions to the State Deputy and the Supreme Board of Directors advising them of the action taken, and asking approval. In due time this approval was received, and the name was accordingly changed, and the membership expanded until it reached on April 1st, 218 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1921, 978. Since the merger the first Grand Knight of Father 'Connor Council was Frank J. Enright, who was succeeded at the 1920 election by Wm. N. Guerin, under whose leadership the council has progressed gratifyingly.^ 890 PATRICK FEEHAN COUNCIL, Fulton CHAPLAINS— Rev. Robert Troy GRAND KNIGHTS— Rev. J. L. Maloney Rev. H. C. McClellen W. H. Fiolcl Rev. J. J. Clancy J. P. Hook, Jr. Patrick Feehan Council No. 890 of Fulton, was instituted December 11, 1904, with 40 charter members. The prelimin- aries of organization and the institution were in charge of District Deputy John R. Brown of Rockford. Shortly after institution club rooms were established in the Allison Building, but on June 1, 1910, the council removed to the old Church Building on 12th Avenue and 7th Street, which was fitted up for meeting hall and club room purposes. Pool and billiard tables were installed and the premises were equipped for social entertainments of every charcter. The council took a very active part in the various war drives. Being very small the representation in the war was not large, twelve members only being called to the service, one of whom, John E. Smith, gave his life," 891 TWIN CITY COUNCIL, Champaign CHAPLAINS— Rev. John A. O'Brien John McDonnell Rev. J. H. Cannon Rev. Louis M. O'Con- W. J. Dolan Rev. Beno Blaschke nor A. C. Parris Rev. W. E. Frawley r-u a mt^ T.-xTTr^xjrpo P. P. Schaefer Rev. R. F. Flynn GRAND KNIGHTS— q a. Petry W. F. Woods Joseph B. Casserly Tv^iN City Council No. 891 of Champaign, was instituted August 7, 1904. Rev. John H. Cannon was the prime mover for this council, named when first founded Urbana, but later .5. We are indebted for the above satisfying account to Frank J. Enright. 6. The council has but 94 members, but gets along well. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 219 changed to Twin City Council, and permanently located at Champaign. At the time of institution the officers of St. Viator's Council conferred the first and second degrees, and State Deputy Joseph J, Thompson conferred the major degree. At the first meeting after its institution the new born organiza- tion selected William F. Woods as Grand Knight, who served in that capacity until the year 1908, when John McDonnell was chosen to the office. Mr. McDonnell served but one year. Woods being again chosen to the office, and continuing therein for four years. In 1912 William J. Dolan was elected Grand Knight and served two years. Succeeding Mr. Dolan in 1914, A. C. Parris was elected and served as Grand Knight for four years, being succeeded by P. P. Schaefer, who served for one year. Mr. Schaefer was succeeded by C. A. Petry in 1919, Twin City Council has expanded in a very notable manner. Originally confined to St. Patrick's parish, it now reaches out into each of the twelve parishes in the county of Champaign. It has been active since organization in all of the work of the Order, and has become conspicuous in connection with the State University. The council is fortunate to be located in the same city as is the University of Illinois, and more especially so since the State Council of the Knights of Columbus has assisted in maintaining a chaplaincy at the University. The story of the work at the State University is told in another chapter.^ The council is on record as supporting all of the various plans of raising money for conducting the war. Its treasury re- sponded to the Liberty Loan, War Savings, Red Cross and other forms of appeal, and Knights of Columbus were con- spicuous and active in every organization formed to promote war work at home. The activities of the council in connection with the Chanute Field are told in the chapter relating to War Welfare Work. An organization is being perfected to build a suitable club house for the use of the council. 7. Under Extraordinary Work of the State Council. 220 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 895 ODELL COUNCIL, Odell CHAPLAINS— Rev. P. Griffy Rev. S. A. Aout Rev. Vincent O'Brien Rev. J. P. Barry GRAND KNIGHTS- W. P. Cleary E. J. Morrow S. J. Lyons W. A. Watson M. H. Craven B. A. Lyons J. E. Higgins James Ready J. J. Matern P. H. O'Donnell Odell Council No. 895 was instituted May 22, 1904, State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson made several visits to Odell, REV. J. H. SCHLARMANN Belleville Council REV. FREDERIC SIEDENBURG, S. J. and worked with William H. Cleary (deceased), William A. Watson, Stephen J. Lyons, Dr. Michael L. Walsh and Rev. Patrick W. Griffy. The pastor was very active and rendered very valuable assistance in the organization and development of the council. Joliet Council under the direction of Thomas ILLINOIS COUNCILS 221 V. Brennan, and Bloomington Council, assisted in the first and second degrees, and State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson and a staff selected from Bloomington Council, conferred the third degree. For a small council Odell Council has been very active. Thirty of the members were in the service during the war. Bernard M. Lyon and Alvin Wolf gave their lives, and Leo M. Wolf was cited for bravery. The council took an active part in all war welfare work, and many of the members were leaders in the general war activities. A schedule of accomplish- ments indicates that $550.00 was expended for educational pur- poses ; $1,250.00 for religious purposes ; $500.00 for charity, and $2,500.00 for war welfare work.® 896 PANA COUNCIL, Pana CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— George Goodhouse Rev C Johannes Charles O. Molz, M. D. William Jackson Rev' J P. Moroney Frank Schields John O'Brien Rev. P. J. Fox August Reahr J. J. Long Rev. B. Wubbe T. D. Kellegar Fred Flesch Rev. A. E. Roberson J. A. Methaney John Gillespie C. J. Marty R- W. Sauerbuer Pana Council No. 896 was instituted July 10, 1904. Amongst the men who were active in the organization were Dr. Charles 0. Molz, John O'Brien, 0. P. Galvin and Francis Shields. The first and second degrees at the time of institu- tion were conferred by Decatur and Effingham Councils, and the major degree by District Deputy Edward J. Morrissey and staff, of Alton. Dr. Charles 0. Molz was elected the first Grand Knight and Francis Shields the first Deputy Grand Knight. Rev. C. Johannes was selected as Chaplain. Pana Council entered into all parish charities and all official Knights of Columbus work ; contributed its quota to the Endowment Fund of the Catholic University, and supplied its full quota of men and means during the war. Since the war the council has sponsored the American Legion and provided sufficient finan- cial aid to enable it to organize and establish local quarters.^ 8. On April 1, 1921, OdeU Council had a membership of 230. 9. Pana Council had a membership of 163 on April 1, iJ-i. 222 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 914 LOYOLA COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS — Rev. John H. Nawn Rev. E. L. Dondaiiville Rev. John A. Keating, Ph.D. GRAND KNIGHTS- Paul A. Hazard Philip D. Sloan Charles J. Zahringer James Duggan Vincent C. Mooney Louis J. Behan Peter B. Carey Walter M. Kelleher 1438 HYDE PARK COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS — Rev. Jam's P. Kieley Rev. Thomas J. Kelly Rev. Thomas V. Shan non, LL.D. GRAND KNIGHTS — P. J. Wallace Dr. Thomas A. Cahill S. V. Mahoney A. W. Chambers A. J. Shea Joseph T. Garrity Henry M. Koll P. P. Minaghan 914 LOYOLA-HYDE PARK COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS — Rev. Thomas V. Shan- non, LL.D. Rev. William J. O'Brien, D.D. GRAND KNIGHTS— Donald A. Callahan Ben Franklin Meyer John T. Donohue Loyola-Hyde Park Council No. 914, of Chicago, was in- stituted January 6, 1918 by merging of Loyola Council No. 914 and Hyde Park Council No. 1438. The original Loyola JOHN T. DONOHUE, Loyola-Hyde Park Council GEORGE CONNORS, Illinois Council JOSEPH E. O'MEARA, Loyola-Hyde Park Council Council was organized August 14, 1904. National organizer Michael W. Gleason did much of the preliminary work in con- junction with Paul A. Hazard, who proposed the organization. An organization committee was appointed consisting of Paul A. Hazard, George P. Vosbrinck, John R. Mauff, Edwin A. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 223 Hazard, J. C. Curley, Vincent C. Mooney, James Dugg'an, Philip Sloan and James H. Donohue. De La Salle Council exemplified the first and second degrees, with Samuel E. Cook, now deceased, in charge. State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson and Staff, conferred the major degree. The name of the Coun- ■^ ■ '^ jfe^ ^^^S^Bk 1 j^^7 jJ^BHI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bfc. ^^Ka ^H flOlKHi^^^^^^HF ^ p9^^^PP^ ^^^^^^^^HVt ^H W'^^K^^^^ ^■^ f i H ^IPl^H urn 1 *■ CHARLES P. CALDWELL, M. D., Loyola-Hyde Park Council HON. JOHN GIBBONS, Leo. XIII Council cil was proposed by John R. Mauff. Paul A. Hazard was the first Grand Knight, James Duggan, the first Deputy Grand Knight, Edwin A. Hazard, Financial Secretary, and James Curley, Treasurer. Rev. John A. Nawn was the first Chap- lain. In the early years of the Council, besides the regular rou- tine work of the order, a number of educational lectures were featured. 224 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Hyde Park Council No. 1438 was instituted October 24, 1909, at Oakland Music Hall, with District Deputy J. Joseph Kelly in charge of the degree work, Felix J. "Wallace who transferred from De La Salle Council, organized the Council and was elected the first Grand Knight, Dr. Thomas A. Cahill, the first Deputy Grand Knight, Daniel D. Keating, Financial Secretary and Arthur Borgeau, Treasurer. Loyola-Hyde Park Council feels quite proud of its name, for it represents their patron and the district of Chicago in which the Council is located. Since the merger the Council has been active in all the work of the order, and has an especially creditable war record. The Council supports and maintains teams in all of the various Knights of Columbus athletic leagues. Summing up council activities the report shows that $250.00 has been expended for religious purposes; $3,200.00 for charitable pur- poses; $400.00 for creature comforts for men in the service, and $600.00 for liberty bonds and war saving stamps. Ninety- six men were in the service. Four of the distinguished war Chaplains are members of the Council, viz.. Rev. A. L. Girard, Captain ; Rev. C. F. Donovan, First Lieutenant ; Rev. Lawrence Trouley, First Lieutenant, and Rev. C. C. Boyle, First Lieu- tenant. Rev. T. V. Shannon, a former Chaplain, was head of the Catholic War Activities in Chicago during the war. Four members made the supreme sacrifice in the war, viz., Frank L. Fairfax, James Donohue, Wallace Phillips and Edward I. Kelly. Loyola-Hyde Park Council has provided the use of the entire second floor of the building at 1467 East 55th St., Cor- ner Harper Avenue, for its membership, wherein club rooms and a meeting place are maintained. These rooms are opened daily. They have a reading and lounging rooms and pool and billiard tables. Weekly dances are also held for members and their friends. Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth Tlfursdays." 10. On April 1, 1921, Loyola-Hyde Park Council had a membership of 525. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 225 915 IMMACULATE CONCEPTION COUNCIL, Ohio CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. W. Cummings M. J. Dolan Rev. Richard K Flynn GRAND KNIGHTS— James P. Dunn Rev. Charles H. Med- jq^h Murray W. H. Knuth calf j_ ^ Malley, M. D. Charles P. Anderson Immaculate Conception Council No. 915 of Ohio, was in- stituted August 28, 1904, with 38 charter members, largely as the result of the interest manifested in the Order by Kev. Richard Flynn, at that time Pastor of Immaculate Conception Church at Ohio. Ohio is a city of 1,500 population, one of the smallest cities in the state to sustain a council of the Knights of Columbus, yet in proportion to the size of the council it has maintained the reputation of the Order. The membership of a little over 100 at present is about equally divided between associate and insurance. The council has been active in the distribution of Catholic literature, and has con- tributed liberally to the building of a home for the aged of the Rockford diocese. It had but five men in the service during the war, but contributed liberally to all welfare work, send- ing $505.00 to the Knights of Columbus welfare fund and assisting enthusiastically in all the other drives, bond sales, etc." 922 OUILMETTE COUNCIL, Wilmette CHAPLAINS- GRAND KNIGHTS— Charles M. Schneider Rev. E. Byrnes Frank Flaherty Frank J. Seng Rev. Thomas V. Shan- Thomas G. Morris O. G. Corns non John P. Milnamo Edward F. Kelley Rev. J. J. Shannon B. B. Dolan Joseph J. Schroeder Rev. Arthur Mescher William M. Dooley William C. Napier Rev. Nicholas Kramer George English OuiLMETTE Council No. 922 of Wilmette, was instituted August 21, 1904, under the direction of Joseph J. Thompson, State Deputy. Those active in the organization were Frank Flanagan, John P. Milnamo, J. D. A. Cross, John Williams, Wm. L. Robinson, Frank Seng, George English, E. B. Dolan, 11. Another council of the same name exists in Ivesdale. 226 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Chas. Snyder, Edward Kirchberg, John Mooney, 0. G. Corns, Edward Kelly, and James Monahan. Among the prominent candidates in the charter class, especially worthy of mention, were Louis B. Clarke, of the Hibernian Bank, who distin- guished himself on the occasion of the initiation, and John Evers, then and since that time so prominent in the baseball world. Ouilmette Council is proud of being the mother of Lake Forest and Newman Councils. Despite these two losses she now has more than 300 members, of which one hundred take an active part in activities of the council. The council competes in the K. of C, Baseball, Bowling and Indoor Leagues, and the younger members are favorably known for their clean, sportsmanlike conduct. Ouilmette Council has been active in the work of the Order, and especially successful in supplying Catholic literature in the local libraries. It has also been conspicuous in local charities. Forty of the one hundred forty-three members who then constituted the council were in the service. The record for contributions to war wel- fare work was $603.00; for liberty bonds and war savings stamps, $200.00.^2 950 COLUMBUS COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John Craddock Rev. T. A. McLaughlin John A. Boland P. E. Dowie Rev. T. F. Farrell H. J. Daly T. J. Madden Rev. George T. Me- W. E. Harmon I. I. Sherlock Carthy L. W. Crush Enos A. Hames W. C. Johnson Wm. C. Skillen Columbus Council No. 950 of Chicago, was instituted December 11, 1904, in that part of Chicago known as Rogers Park. Shortly after Eogers Park ceased to be a village and was annexed to Chicago, a few of the pillars of St. Jerome's Church led by John A. Boland, with the approval of Rev. T. A. McLaughlin, the pastor, gathered sufficient available timber to 12. The council is named in honor of a worthy Frenchman, Antoine Ouilmette, who is known to have been a resident of the vicinity as early as 1790, almost the first permanent white resident of this part of the world. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 227 constitute a council. Permission was secured from the then State Deputy, Joseph J. Thompson, who appointed District Deputy John R. Ford to have charge of the launching of the council. Preliminary meetings were attended and addressed by the State Deputy and others. The first and second degrees were exemplified by the officers of Marquette Council. The third degree was conferred by State Deputy Joseph J. Thomp- son and staff. The principal officers elected at the time of in- stitution were: Grand Knight, John A. Poland; ])eputy Grand Knight, J. H. Dols; Chancellor, Thomas J. Douglas, Columbus Council took the work of the Order seriously. Worthy charitable projects when brought before the council were never disapproved. If because of the smallness of the membership the council treasury was not able to contribute, the individual members on many occasions have made up purses to back some worthy cause brought before the council in the regular order of business. One of the most successful and far reaching of the council's charitable enterprises was the Christmas Basket Club which grew from the distribution of baskets among poorer families to include orphanages, and the success with which this work was carried out undoubtedly had considerable influence in bringing this worthy work to the Chicago Chapter as carried on for some years past by the Christmas Cheer Committee of that organization. On the floor of the council meetings many of the Order 's problems were in- telligently and successfully debated by the able talent and deep thinkers among its members, the result of its flndings being brought to the floor of the Chapter meetings by the coun- cil 's able representatives. The social activities of this coun- cil of the northern limits of Chicago are looked back upon with pride and enjoyable recollection by all the members who took part in them, alternating with lectures on many topics by such able speakers as the Rev. Francis X. McCabe, CM.; Rev. Frederic Siedenburg, S. J., and others. The athletic record 228 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of Columbus Council is one its members may well be proud of, for in indoor ball, basketball, baseball and bowling its teams have brought home many banners and other trophies. The ordinary council duties, social activities, athletics, etc., however, resolve themselves into sort of matter-of-fact performances and it took the recent world war to give the council a real incentive. The war stirred the members to a degree of activity and sacri- fice to which every one acquainted with the work of the council points with pride. Long before the United States entered the war several members of Columbus Council had joined Canadian regiments. Among these were Patrick and Michael Butler. Patrick later entered the American Army. Both served to the end of the war. When the United States entered the fray many of our members were quick to volunteer in the various branches of the service. Out of a total of 325 members, which was the size of the council early in 1917, 82 were in the service. Out of these ten succeeded in earning a commission, while many ranked high as non-coms at the close of hostilities.^^ 967 GENERAL JAMES SHIELDS COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— B. E. Kearins Rev. Peter J. Muldoon George T. Trumbull P. C. Trost Rev. M. Koteckl E. C. Clancy, M. D. L. C. Monohan Rev. J. E. O'Brien Anthony Czarnecki Patrick B. Flanagan Rev. J. J. Sheridan Charles A. Lahey James P. Kelley J. A. Donovan General James Shields Council No. 967 of Chicago, was instituted February 12, 1905. Mr. George T. Trumbull, who transferred from Illinois Council for the purpose of organiz- ing Shields, was chosen as first Grand Knight of the council, and there were at the time associated with him a number of men of special prominence, amongst whom should be named Anthony Czarnecki, Dr. E. G. Clancy, Charles A. Lahey, J. A. Donovan and Patrick B. Flanagan. The first chaplain of Gen- 13. This concise account is furnished by F. H. Massmann, Council His- toriographer. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 229 eral James Shields was Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, later Bishop of Roekford and State Chaplain. The succeeding chaplains who manifested a deep interest in the council include Rev. M. Kotecki, Rev. J. E. O'Brien and Rev. J. J. Sheridan. Under the leadership of Anthony Czarnecki the council begun and HON. PATRICK B. FLANAGAN, Gen. James Shields Council ANTHONY CZARNECKI, Gen. James Shields Council maintained an agitation for a law making Columbus Day a legal holiday. Joined by the State Officers and others the ef- forts were successful.^" In the course of its history General James Shields Council has given special attention to formal lectures, and has presented amongst other lectures the follow- 14. A general movement was carried on by the Order throughout the country which has resulted in having Columbus Day made a holiday in nearly all the states. 230 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ing: U. S. Judge Peter Grosseup on "Catholic Persecution in France"; Charles G. Dawes on "Banking and Finance"; Prof. Frederick Starr on "Missionary Work in Foreign Lands"; Rev. John Webster Melody, D. D., on "Catholic Educational Advantages"; Rev. P. J. O'Callaghan on "The Knight of Columbus as a Citizen"; Rev. Wm. D. O'Brien on "A Trip to Rome and the Holy Land", Anthony Czarnecki of General James Shields Council on "Travels in War Devas- tated Europe"; Major Dr. E. G. Clancy of General James Shields Council on ' ' The Work of Field Hospitals at the Front in The Great World War. ' ' The Council also has an excellent record for every kind of work conducted in the Order. It has devoted to educational purposes $550.00 ; to religious purposes $350.00 ; to charity $1,000.00. At the opening of war activities the council became active and contributed to every war welfare movement, work and money. Its contribution to war welfare work aggregated $600.00 and for liberty bonds and war stamps $200.00. Thirty-nine members of the council were in the service, and one, Patrick J. Murray, was killed in action at the Battle of the Argonne Forest.^^ 980 LA RABIDA COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Daniel F. Curley Rev. D. J. Tuohy Edward A. McGrady James McLaughlin Rev. Joseph R. Kear- D. J. Normoyle William Costello ney Daniel E. Devlin William McDonald Rev. John Leach Harry P. Kenney La Rabida Council No. 980 of Chicago, was instituted April 16, 1905. The promoters of the council were Thomas M. Cunerty (deceased), Edward A. McGrady, John F, Don- nelly, Joseph P. O'Connor and George L. Lane. There were perhaps more objections to the organization of this council than were heard with reference to most others. A commendable spirit of council loyalty has always prevailed in Chicago, and almost from the beginning it has been usual to hear objections 15. On April 1, 1921, General Shields Council had a mombership of 2e pro- vided by L. A. Ross, Council Historiographer. On April 1, 1921, the Council had 2,178 members. 268 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS R^illy; Chaplain, Rev. Morris J. Dorney ; Recorder, A. M. Kel- ley ; Financial Secretary, E. J. Fitzgerald ; Treasurer, Thomas F. Cronin. The name Madonna was given the Council upon the suggestion of Edward McGarry, a visiting brother from New York." The Council has been active throughout its his- tory, and takes a special interest in an essay prize which it has awarded each year to the pupils of St. Gabriel's and St. John the Baptist Parochial schools for the best essay on the life of Christopher Columbus. The Council prides itself on the great assistance rendered it by the Rev. Morris J. Dorney in his life- MARTIN R. McHALE, L. J. LAWSON, T. J. GALLAGHER, Daniel O'Connell Council Madonna Council Madonna Council time, the first Council Chaplain. The Council claims also the allegiance of John INIiller ' ' the Father of the Christmas Cheer ' ' work of the Knights of Columbus. A Council club house was secured by popular subscription of the members in 1912. It is located at 47th street and Emerald avenue — a frame struc- ture, but modern throughout. It contains billiard room, music room, library, three rooms for games and a Council cham- ber. Two bowling alleys are being installed. In the field of sports and athletics the Council is one of the most active in the state, having won the baseball championship thrice, and the in- 41. It is stated that this brother, happening in the city, was invited by an acquaintance to the meeting, and having a special devotion to the Blessed Mother of the Madonna, suggested the name. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 269 door baseball championship four times. One hundred and twenty members of the Council were in the service during the MADONNA COUNCIL HOME war, and by good fortune there were no casualties, although the majority saw actual service in France. The Council donates to St. Gabriel's Church each Christmas $50. A unique practice has grown up in the Council by which the Little Sisters of the Poor are given all the pennies resulting from making change 270 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS for members when dues and assessments are paid. These pennies are conserved and paid over to the Sisters monthly. On a recent appeal for help for Ireland the Council invested in two bonds of the denomination of $100. In 1918 funds were solicited from the members of the Council which were used to place a beautiful window in the chapel at the Great Lakes GEO. p. LATCHFORD, SR.. Madonna Council GEORGE W. FLEMING, Madonna Council Training Camp. During the war $450 was collected from the general membership to pay the dues of men in the serivce, and to help members of the families of service men. 1143 EDWARDSVILLE COUNCIL, EdwardsviUe CHAPLAINS— Rev. C. A. O'Reilly Rev. E. J. Eckhard GRAND KNIGHTS— E. C. Ferguson, M. D. T. R. Walton J. N. Hess T. H. Stokes T. A. Desmond James J. Burns Edward McLean Edwardsville Council No. 1143 was instituted July 15. 1906, at Alton, Illinois, under the direction of District Deputy ILLINOIS COUNCILS 271 August Barthel, with a charter membership of 61. The prin- cipal officers elected after the institution of the Council were : Grand Knight, Dr. E. C. Ferguson; Deputy Grand Knight, T. R. Welton; Financial Secretary, Chas. F. Ballweg; Treas- urer, Joseph F. Keshner; Recorder, T. H. Stokes. Rev. C. A. O'Reilly was selected as chaplain. The Council enjoyed a steady increase in membership but upon the organization of Collinsville Council forty members transferred to that Coun- cil. This loss has, however, been more than made good since. The Council has taken an active interest in educational work and donated a set of the Catholic Encyclopedia to the Public Library of the City of Edwardsville. It is at present formu- lating plans for a permanent home. Thirty members of the Council were in the service during the war, practically all of w^hom served overseas. The Council purchased $500 worth of Liberty Bonds and donated $200 to the United War Work drive. 1151 MORRISONVILLE COUNCIL, Morrisonville CHAPLAINS— Rev. C. S. Bell. Otto F. Gauer Rev Thomas E. Cus- GRAND KNIGHTS— S£°'"§® ^'^'iS" t ack Henrv E Donnellv Theodore H. Langen Henry £>. uonneiiy Theodore F. Lentz Morrisonville Council No. 1151 was instituted October 7, 1906, with a charter membership of 72. The prime movers in the establishment of the Council were Rev. Thomas E. Cu- sack, 0. F. Ganer, H. E. Donnelly, William Temmones, W. H. Barry, and Jas. Waters. The preliminary work of the organi- zation was in charge of District Deputy Thomas F. Drew of Decatur. The first and second degrees were conferred by De- catur Council, and the third by District Deputy E. J. Morrissey of Alton. As will be seen St. Isidore's Council No. 1152 of Farmersville was instituted at the same time and place. The following sketch, prepared by Rev. Thomas E. Cusack is not only an accurate history of the Council, but a feeling tribute to the Order: 272 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS "A great stride forward was made in the advancement of Catholicity when the Knights of Columbus extended their efforts in establishing Councils in the rural community centers. No supporters or defenders of Holy Mother Church more staunch or ready can be found than among the sturdy tillers of the soil — only the lack of a method of expressing their loyalty in concerted united action, held them in modest abeyance. This means was afforded the practical Catholic man of the farm, by the Knights of Columbus. Combining as the Order does, the social, the fraternal, and the religious, with the pa- triotic, an avenue hitherto unfamiliar to the busy farmer was opened unto him, in the commingling with his Catholic fellow citizens of the cities. Hence a gladsome welcome greeted the entry of the Order into Illinois' garden spot and stronghold of Catholicity, Christian county, at Morrison ville. Enthusiasm and effective effort on the part of the first promoters brought Morrisonville Council No. 1151 into being October 7, 1906. Beginning with a charter membership of approximately 72, the Council grew in numbers and strength rapidly. Adjacent towns and cities furnished a goodly quota of members, the ranks being recruited from Taylorville, Stonington, Pawnee and Kay- mond, so that at the present 202 names are listed on the Mor- risonville Council roll. Fortunate in having capable leaders and officers the Council has always been in the forefront of activity in religious, patriotic and social endeavor. Messrs. Henry E. Donnelly, Otto F. Gauer, George Sloan and the present incumbent Theodore H. Langen, as successive Grand Knights of the Council have won for themselves and their res- pective regimes a name for efficiency in the Order's ranks, best expressed in the harmony and progress that has marked the Council's thirteen years of existence. The Council boasts of club rooms, spacious and splendid, the center of social gather- ings, as well as business activities, no less than the scene of patriotic assembly, during the late war. Contributing the re- ILLINOIS COUNCILS 273 quired quota to the Catholic University of America scholar- ship fund, supporting heartily all locai. religious interests, IMorrisonville Council measured up to the true standard of the Order in the world war as follows : 22 members in the service ; $2,000 in Liberty Bonds; $500 in War Savings Stamps; $3,- 520 War Camp Fund ; $50 to the Red Cross. ' ' 1152 ST. ISIDORE'S COUNCIL, Farmersvllle CHAPLAINS— John F. McCarron C. H. Albers Rev. Joseph O'Rourke Thomas Aherin J. E. "Whealon Rev. Laurence Ryan Martin D. Carey E. I. Jordan r^T, A TVTT^ T^T^TTrHTTrna Joscph Jordan E. C. McAnerney GRAND KNIGHTS— Daniel Commerford L. L. Commerford Albert Bryan St. Isidore's Council No. 1152, of Farmersville, was insti- tuted October 7, 1906, on the same day with Morrisonville Coun- cil. This institution was rather unique. Morrisonville and Farmersville are not far apart, and arrangements were made to institute both of the councils at the same time. Edward J. Morrissey, District Deputy of Alton was in charge of the or- ganization of both of the councils. At the date of institution the first and second degrees were conferred by Decatur Council, and the third degree by District Deputy Edward J. Morrissey and staff of Alton. The pioneers and the men to whom the success of St. Isidore 's Council is due are Rev. Joseph 'Rourke, Jas. A. Byron, John F. McCarron, Daniel M. Commerford, William M. Cary, James E. Clarke, James P. Coen, Patrick Clarke, Joseph A. Jordan, John F. Jordan, Martin D. Carey, Joseph P. Commerford, Michael Burke, John Maher, Thomas P. Murphy, Thomas E. Quinlan, Thomas Brazzle, Michael C. Ahearn and Frank Clarke. Farmersville is a small place, and the Council has but a small Catholic population to draw from, and now numbers only 114 members. It has nevertheless al- ways supported every Knights of Columbus movement, and has to its credit a schedule of $135 for educational purposes ; $180 for religious purposes ; $100 for charity and $1,223 for war 274 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS welfare work. All the members of the Council subject to call were in the service. 1156 HENNEPIN COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. F. Callahan Rev. Thomas V. Shan- non Rev. D. Luttrell Rev. T. Rowan GRAND KNIGHTS- Joseph F. Brown Oliver Barry E. N. Redden, M. D. Thomas M. Murray Frank J. Quinn Clarence T. McDonald Joseph J. Corbett Frank M. Hayes Edward J. Lawlor Hennepin Council No. 1156 of Chicago was instituted September 10, 1906. In the fall of that year Rev. Thomas V. M. M. COONEY, San Salvador Council BERNARD J. COEN, P. J. MCCARTHY, I'hil Sheridan Council Thomas Aquinas Council Shannon of De LaSalle Council, believing that a larger measure of good would be derived from the Order by having local Coun- cils operating in every well defined community center, proposed to the men of St. Malachy's congregation the establishment of a Council to have headquarters in the vicinity of Western av- enue and Washington boulevard. The major part of the work of organizing the new Council was energetically performed by Father Shannon and Joseph F. Brown, and the institution of the Council took place on the date above stated, with a charter membership of 106. The first regular meeting of Hennepin Council was convened at St. Malachy's School Hall, October ILLINOIS COUNCILS 275 2, 1906, at which time Joseph F. Brown was elected as first Grand Knight and Frank J. Hogan as first Deputy Grand Knight. Rev, J. F. Callahan was the first Council Chaplain. In 1915 the Council, after mature deliberation, determined to quit the field of its early activities and to remove westward, and thereupon made its meeting place St. Thomas Aquinas School Hall at Washington boulevard and LeClaire avenue. It has occupied various meeting places since then as a temporary exigency until such time as it may be able to execute its long cherished hope of erecting a club house most conveniently lo- cated to the largest number of its members who now number approximately 400. Since its inception Hennepin Council has given a great deal of attention to athletics, fostering clean and wholesome sportsmanship in every manner at its command. Peter M. Murphy, who for years, has been the leading and directing spirit of this branch of the Council's activities, has likewise been a prominent factor in developing the creditable standing of the Knights of Columbus leagues among the various athletic organizations in the City of Chicago. During the 1920 season of Indoor Baseball, which marked the highest degree of success attained up to that time in the Knights of Columbus Indoor Baseball, both in the way of efficiency of players and wholehearted support of all the members of the various Coun- cils, Henepin Council was awarded the championship. Per- haps in no other Council in the state of Illinois has greater suc- cess been achieved in conducting annual outings. The largest steamboats available on the Great Lakes have several times been chartered for trips to Mackinac and to Buffalo. The larg- est hotels within a hundred miles of Chicago have at times been engaged for the housing and accommodation of the members and guests of the Council on its outing excursions. The uni- form spirit of good fellowship that has prevailed among the members and friends on these outings has brought to the Coun- cil a clientele from nearly every Council in northern Illinois 276 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS who are eager to lend their patronage and support to *'Hennr pin Outings." During the war Hennepin Council exerted every effort in its power to further the cause and to render help to its members that were in the service. It purchased $500.00 in liberty bonds and gave many patriotic functions. Past Grand Knights Frank J. Quinn and Clarence T. McDon- ald during three liberty loan and United War Welfare drives were appointed district managers in the 35tli ward. When the call came from the nation for its young men to rally to its de- fense, in all 101 men of Hennepin Council answered, approxi- mately 30% of the membership. Two died in service, viz. : Albert Eggerman and Harold McCune. Christopher Keane was decorated by King George and General Pershing, because of heoric conduct on the field of battle, where he was gassed and suffered the loss of one leg.*- 1157 ST. CYR DAY COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. W. B. Pipp John M. McGowan Rev. Richard Cart- Rev. Louis Siamfasti- Emmett R. AVhealan Wright ani Charles McNulty Rev. Francis Donovan r^T? amt^ T.-^-Tr^TTrrc- Maurice M. Burns Rev. John O'Donnell UKAJNJJ KlNiGhLlb— Alfred M. Dickinson Rev. J. J. Orchard Leo Birchler Joseph Burke St. Cyr Day Council No. 1157 of Chicago was instituted October 21, 1906. This unique Council deserves the extended mention given it in a sketch prepared by Joseph Burke, Grand Knight of the Council : "It may be interesting to know what inspired the organization of this Council. As at present many men, among them many Catholics, worked at night in or near \ ^ie"downtown district. Weary after continuous labor, it was a j/nardship for them to travel home just as the first streaks of day were beginning to dispel the darkness, and then to arise . untimely from sleep in order to attend Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation ; and equally as great a hardship to re- main awake, restless, in order to attend Mass, On these con- 42. See account in subsequent chapter. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 277 ditions being represented to the good Paulist Fathers at St. Mary's the three o'clock Mass on Sundays was arranged and has continued ever since. So it was that these night workers became acquainted, and the idea of forming a day Council of the Knights of Columbus took root. Several preliminary meet- ings were held, the first of them attended by State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson, who highly approved the idea, later ones by his successor. State Deputy Lewis E. Sauter, who also fully approved the plan. The declarations of many that a day Coun- cil could not succeed failed to dampen the ardor of these pioneers. Their efforts were crowned with success when on October 21, 1906, the Council was instituted and the first offi- cers elected. Now the question of an appropriate name puz- zled the members. It is of interest, then, to know how the name St. Cyr Day became attached to the Council. Father Richard Cartwright of the Paulists, who was the first Chap- lain, proposed the name. It is a name of which we are now very proud. Father John Mary Iranaeus St. Cyr was the first Catholic Pastor in Chicago, being assigned here from tlfe Diocese of St. Louis in 1833. He was the first Pastor of old St. M ary's when Chicago was but a village and when it was a part of the St. Louis diocese. Those who visit old St. Mary's on Wabash avenue, will notice the inscription on a bronze tablet in memory of our patron.*^ The history of the Catholic Church in Chicago would not be complete without a reference to the establishment of the first parish by Father St. Cyr. At the preliminary meetings about 150 persons attended, but the Council was actually instituted with a membership of fifty- three. These were mainly printers employed on the morning newspapers. The first degree was exemplified by the officers 43. Rev. John Mary Iranaeus Saint Cyr studied in Prance, but was ordained in St. Louis and a few days after ordination was appointed pastor for Chicago. In company with A. D. Taylor, who rode one horse and led another to St. Louis, Father St. Cyr rode the horse brought by Taylor to Chicago where he arrived May 5, 1833, to remain four years and plant the Church. For details of Father St. Cyr's work see several issues of the Illinois Catholic Historical Review. 278 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of Leo XIII Council, Frank Houlihan, Grand Knight, taking the principal role, and the second by Edward McGrady, Grand Knight of La Rabida Council, assisted by the degree team of that Council. The first few meetings were held on the first Sunday and the third Monday of the month, but the time was shortly changed to the first and third Sundays. Leo Burchler was the first Grand Knight and filled the office for a period of two years and a half. John M. McGowan, now deceased, fol- lowed and ably conducted the affairs of the Council, until suc- ceeded by Emmet Whealan, who remained in that office for several years. Then Charles McNulty, one of the best liked men in the Council, took over the reins. On account of ill- health he was not a candidate for a second term and Maurice M. Burns held the reins for two years. He in turn was suc- ceeded by Alfred M. Dickenson. Then, in 1919, Joseph Burke, who had served for two j^ears in the war as a first Lieutenant of Infantry, was chosen Grand Knight. The Council has al- ways done its share in the work of the Order and has on sev- eral occasions been the recipient of praise on this account from the higher officers. Twice the Council has been honored bv a visit from the Supreme Knight and on one of these occasions he was accompanied by several Supreme Directors. The mem- bership has had a steady and healthy growth, and at present is making great strides. The Lecturer has always been encour- aged to make the meetings interesting and in this he has been successful. One of the- events that is never forgotten is the institution of the Council on October 21, 1906, and each year we have an appropriate entertainment to commemorate the same. The true Catholic zeal exhibited by the night workers back in 1906, when they overcame great obstacles, has been continued in the Council to this day." On April 1, 1923, St. Cyr Day Council had a membership of 533. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 279 1176 PEREZ COUNCIL, Lockport CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. D. Luberight John Gleason Rev. J. J. McGovern, Rev. F. E. O'Bryan James L. Donahue D. D. T^TVTTr^TTmo William Maher Rev. George Ratz GRAND KNIGHTS— q j^ Murphy Rev. Joseph Franz John F. Daly Sylvester Wierschem Otto M. Scheldt John G. Brennan Perez Council No. 1176 of Lockport, was instituted De- cember 16, 1906. The sponsors for the Council were Philip Ryan, John F. Daly, Otto M. Sheidt and Joseph L. Donahue, who prior to that time had become members of Joliet Council. The charter class contained 65 members. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Joliet Council, and the third degree by State Deputy Lewis E. Sauter and staff, headed by Thomas H. Cannon. The Council has maintained headquarters and club rooms in the second floor of the Wood- men Hall since its organization, and has been very active in all the work of the Order. Since organization the Council has expended for religious purposes, $1,400.00 ; for charity, $800.- 00; and among the war contributions, $400.00 for welfare work; $300.00 for liberty bonds, and $50.00 for war savings stamps. Perez Council of Lockport was amongst the first councils in the state to provide for paying the dues of its asso- ciate members in the service out of the general fund. Rev. J. J. McGovern, D. D., the distinguished historian of the Arch- diocese of Chicago, was the first Chaplain of Perez Council. Since his death in 1911 the Council has been served by Rev. George Ratz, Rev. Joseph Franz, Rev. J. D. Seiberight and Rev. T. E. O'Bryan. Amongst the more active members of the Council should be named, besides those referred to as spon- sors, Wm. Maher, D. R. Murphy, John F. Daly, and Sylvester C. Wierschem. Lockport was a very early landmark, a canal town of the early days, and an early missionary field. For a small place Perez Council of Lockport has accom- plished much. On April 1, 1923, the membership was 174, 280 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1194 ARCHBISHOP McHALE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. D. P. O'Brien Rev. C. J. Cryan Rev. Philip Mahoney Rev. James Walsh Rev. Joseph F. Cussin GRAND KNIGHTS— Cornelius S. Kelly I. Homer Sullivan T. J. Ryan W. D. O'Byrne, M.D. J. A. Kennelly R. W. Darcy Edward Loftus Clair Daly Robert W. Darcy Archbishop McHale Council No. 1194 of Chicago, was instituted February 2, 1907. In the winter of 1906-07 a small THOMAS J. RYAN. Archbishop McHale Council CORNELIUS S. KELLY, Archbishop McHale Council group of earnest young men including Cornelius S. Kelly, Homer Sullivan and Dr. William D. Byrne anticipating the marvelous growth of Chicago southward, sought and obtained from State Deputy Lewis E. Sauter permission to organize a Council of the Knights of Columbus in the southern Engle- wood district, and as a result of their work, on February 2, 1907, District Deputy Jerome J. Crowley, assisted by officers of Englewood and Calumet Councils, conferred the three de- grees on a class of ninety-four candidates, two-thirds of whom ILLINOIS COUNCILS 281 entered the order as insurance members. In selecting a name, the organizers, being of Irish birth or descent, thought to honor their race by calling the new Council after that famous Irish churchman and patriot, John McHale, Archbishop of Tuam and Primate of Ireland, the man who did such noble work for Catholic emancipation in Ireland in the mid-years of the 19th century. The meeting place selected by its officers was Barbee's Hall at 69th street and Wentworth avenue, where the Council continued to increase and multiply for eleven years, when it moved to the club house provided by the Engle- wood Knights of Columbus Association, at 6323 Harvard avenue.^* Attracting to its standard many young men of the ages of twenty to twenty-five, McHale Council encouraged and supported athletics, and as a result its baseball teams, both indoor and outdoor, and basketball club repeatedly won championships and have been among the leaders year after year in the various fields of athletic endeavor. In 1910 McHale Council's members inaugurated a campaign having for its purpose the erection of a club house in the Englewood dis- trict. By those who started the movement it was thought that a larger and better club house, one more suited in size and equipment, might be erected by joining forces with some of the neighboring Councils. Responding to the invitation Engle- wood and La Rabida Councils decided to cast their lots with McHale and thus formed the organization known as the Engle- wood Knights of Columbus Association. This body in the fall of 1918 purchased the Englewood Club property at 6323 Harvard avenue where the three Councils now hold their bi- monthly meetings and at the same time offer to their members an opportunity to meet, fraternize and enjoy the comforts and pleasures of a modern, well-equipped Council home. The women of the Englewood district also are greatly interested in the club house. Nine of these organizations are now holding 44. As is seen, Archbishop McHale, LaRabida and Englewood Councils, own a fine club house jointly. 282 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS their regular meetings there, thus making of it a community center of the greatest vahie in local affairs. During the great war the Council made an exceptional record in the number of her members enlisted in the various branches of service and the quality of the service rendered. Approximately thirty percent of the membership, or to be exact, one hundred and thirty-one out of a total of four hundred and fifty, entered the service and among these there were no fatalities. Only two were seriously wounded, namely, Captain William D. Meyering, who lost his right hand while bravely leading a charge over the top at Verdun, and Private Patrick Hughes of the Marines, who helped stem the tide of the last great Cerman drive in the St. Mihiel Salient and later at Chateau Thierry. He was one of those splendid fighting men who stopped the famous Prussian Guard — the Corps d 'elite of the German army. Hughes fell shot through the body and head but recovered after a six month's rest in European hospitals. Captain Meyering was the first American soldier to receive the Congressional D. S. C, for bravery in action. He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre in France. Lieutenant A. J. Erhardt was dec- orated for bravery in action by King George V., at the same time that "Bill" Linsky of Marquette Council received his decoration from the King. On that occasion the King asked: "Is there anything else I can do for you boys?" Whereupon Linsky promptly said : ' * Yes, your majesty, for God's sake, free Ireland. "^^ Lieutenant Frank McGlinn, Chancellor of McHale Council, was wounded and gassed in an engagement near Thiacourt, France, on November 6, 1918, and was in the hospital at Brest, France, for several months, recovering fully. Lieutenant John Thennisch, aviator, was also in the hospital two months as a result of a five hundred foot fall while in action. Aviator Lieut. George Brew had a splendid record in his department, having been in charge of a flying squadron repeatedly during engagements with the 45. See other references to this incident. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 283 enemy. Limited space forbids further individual mention of the great work of the soldier and sailor members, but a grateful Council will ever hold them in the highest esteem.*^ 1204 HARVARD COUNCIL, Harvard CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— James P. Burke Rev. A. Goulet Alford Strain John Shamus O'Brien Rev. D. A. Feely Thomas Carew Carey Alvin R. Cooke Rev. F. J. Keenan John P. O'Connor Edward D. Sheahan Harvard Council No. 1204 was instituted February 10, 1907. The idea of organizing a Council at Harvard, Illinois, was first conceived by ten members of Woodstock Council who resided in Harvard. These men gathered together thirty-five of their friends and the Council was established. At the first regular meeting which was held in Forester's Hall on Feb. 24, 1907, a class of thirty-five candidates was initiated. Al Strain was the first man chosen to guide the destinies of Har- vard Council, and was elected Grand Knight at this meeting. Immediately Harvard Council commenced to thrive and its membership increased rapidly. From thirty-five charter mem.- bers it has grown to two hundred and fourteen. Harvard Coun- cil has been very active locally and throughout all Knights of Columbus circles, it being one of the foremost in contributing to the Catholic University Fund, second, only to New Haven Council. On the tenth anniversary of the Council a check for twelve hundred dollars was presented to the local Pastor, Rev. Daniel A. Feelye, as a fund to aid in the erection of St. Joseph's Catholic School, then under construction. At the present date this institution has an enrollment of more than two hundred children. Harvard Council made a splendid record during the late war. Twenty per cent of the Council responded to the country's call. Of these one answered the Supreme Call on the battlefields of Chateau Thierry. Several 46. Tlip Order is indclited to William D. Byrne, M. D., for this very satisfactory report, as well as for much other valuable aid in the preparation of this work. 284 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS others were wounded. Two were commissioned officers in the army and two were non-commissioned officers in the army and navy. One member was a Knights of Columbus Secretary and served in various camps in this country. The monthly meet- ings of Harvard Council are always well attended. Good VINCENT P. MOONEY, Loyola-Hyde Park JOHN PRYSTALSKI, San Salvador Council fellowship reigns throughout the Council. The members not only work for the good of the Council, but for the good of the Order as well. 1250 LINCOLN COUNCIL, Lincoln CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. T. Mulgrew GRAND KNIGHTS- William Ryan Peter Murphy Albert Sieb Wm. J. Higgins George Sieb Fred Armstrong Robert L. Davis George Seller Thomas E. Ryan Reinhold W. Lechleiter Lincoln Council No. 1250 was instituted June 8, 1907. Lincoln is a small place, and there are but few Catholics, but nevertheless the Council is a healthy one, and has reached a ILLINOIS COUNCILS 285 membership of more than two hundred. While it was still very small the Council donated $500.00 to the Endowment LINCOLN COUNCIL HOME Fund of the Catholic University at Washington, D. C. It was uDUSually well represented in the war, there being 41 mem 286 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS bers in the service, and unfortunately three of them gave their lives. The Council was very active in all war welfare work, and contributed $4,000 to war welfare funds. Amongst the active members of the Council should be named "William Ryan, Peter Murphy, Albert Sieb, William Higgins, George Sieb, Fred Armstrong, Robert L. Davis, George Seller and Thomas E. Ryan. Rev. J. T. Mulgrew has been Chaplain from the organ- ization of the Council to the present time. In 1921 the Coun- cil purchased a $20,000 stone front building located one block from the square and has its club rooms on the second floor with stores below. 1262 SAN SALVADOR COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. John A. Van- John Prystalski Rev. Edward S. Heertum Thomas Kelly Keough Q^^^^ KNIGHTS- ^^^""" ^^- ^"^^'^ Samuel E. Cook San Salvador Council No. 1262 of Chicago, was instituted at Pullman, September 8, 1907. Lewis E. Sauter, State Deputy of Illinois, requested Thomas W. Flynn, District Deputy, to take the necessary steps toward the organization of a K. of C. Council in the extreme southern part of Chicago. Brother Flynn immediately took the matter up with some of the mem- bers of the Order in that part of the city and appointed a committee consisting of the following: Samuel E. Cook, Henry Van Etten, Martin M. Cooney, James F, Martin, Thomas Kelly, and Peter Kipley ; all members of Calumet Council, who held many preliminary meetings in St. Willebrord's Hall, 114 place and Edbrooke avenue. Samuel E. Cook was elected temporary chairman, and ]\Iartin M. Cooney, temporary secretary. These meetings were well attended, and were from time to time addressed by Joseph J. Thompson, Past State Deputy, Thomas W. Flynn, District Deputy, and Rev. L. J. Broens, Pastor of St, Willebrord's Church. The Council was instituted in Market Hall, Pullman, with 51 insurance and 50 associate as ILLINOIS COUNCILS 287 charter members. It was called "San Salvador" in honor of the landing of Columbus nearly 415 years before. The first degree was conferred by officers of Calumet Council, the second by Leo XIII Council, and the third by State Deputy Lewis SAN SALVADOR COUNCIL HuME E. Sauter, assisted by District Deputy Thomas W. Flynn and P. J. Murphy. A lively spirit of interest and enthusiasm has marked the Council's every activity; and these were indeed numerous, for, in the assignment of nights, neither the ladies nor the children have been omitted. District Deputy's night IS celebrated as is Charter members' night, and nights named 288 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS for the various nationalities of which the Council is composed. The Annual Ball, Landing Day, Home Coming celebrations and minstrel shows are indeed popular, as are also the baseball, handball and pool and billiard tournaments. Memorial night and semi-annual Communion complete the program. The Council was but a few years old when a Building Committee was appointed. Ground was purchased and the Council was about to erect a club house, when the war came on, with its general quietus on all building construction. The long-con- tinued efforts of the Building Committee have, however, borne fruit, for the Council purchased a roomy and spacious resi- dence at 114th place and Michigan avenue, possession of which was taken May 1st, 1920.*^ 1268 LAKE FOREST COUNCIL, Lake Forest CHAPLAINS— John J. Spellman Joseph R. Taylor Rev. Francis J. Barry P. P. Moore P. J. Keough GRAND KNIGHTS— H. M. Fitzgerald John C. Milton John E. Fitzgerald Thomas Horan Lake Forest Council No. 1268 was instituted November 3, 1907. Prior to the institution of Lake Forest Council there were a number of members of the Order in affiliation with Ouilmette Council. Upon consultation those members peti- tioned for a Council of their own, and the State Deputy, Lewis E. Sauter, granted permission, and called a meeting over which he presided and at which a Council was formally instituted, and a complete corps of officers elected. The officers so elected were installed by District Deputy John E. Reardon on Novem- ber 8, 1907. The principal officers were John E. Fitzgerald, Grand Knight; John V. Neumeyer, Deputy Grand Knight; John J. Spellman, Chancellor; L. H. W. Speidel, Financial Secretary; James W. Dice, Recording Secretary; Joseph Ker- rigan, Treasurer. Since the date of organization the Council has had continuous success in all of its undertakings, and 47. On April 1, 1921, San Salvador Council had 678 members. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 289 the rapid strides made by it are due to the unfailing efforts and co-operation of the first organizers, their spirit being handed down to the new members. Rev. Francis J. Barry was the first Chaplain, appointed December 13, 1907, and has served in that capacity ever since. The Council has been prompt and faithful in all activities of the Order, and has to its credit a schedule of contributions for religious purposes footing up to $992.75; for charitable purposes, $410.10; for war activities, $725.00. There were twenty-seven members of the Council in the service. In December, 1919, the Knights of Columbus War Activities Committee opened community rooms in Lake Forest for the recreation of the men stationed at Fort Sheridan and the Great Lakes. Not only did the members of Lake Forest Council give the Knights of Columbus every assistance in their power, but the ladies of the parish rendered valuable aid also in furnishing entertainment for the men in both branches of the service.** 1278 FATHER SETTERS COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. C. A. Erkenswick Peter S. Keating Rev. Thomas E. Judge GRAND KNIGHTS John H. Lally Rev. John Murphy Edward Houlihan John Barton Father Setter Council No. 1278 was instituted October 24, 1907, by District Deputy. Daniel E. Fitzgerald. At that time Lewis E. Sauter was State Deputy. The initial class con- sisted of 91 members. The first, second and third degrees were exemplified in Dewey Hall, 12th street and Crawford avenue. Edward Houlihan was unanimously elected Grand Knight, acting in that capacity for the short term and two years following. He then declined to accept reelection. Peter S. Keating was elected in 1910, and served as Grand Knight for one year, John H. Lally was elected Grand Knight to succeed Keating and held office for two years. In 1913, Ed- 48. Lake Forest Council had 182 membors on April 1, 1921. 290 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ward Houlihan was unanimously elected Grand Knight, and has held office continuously since that time. The Council has grown rapidly from the original class of 91. On April 1, 1921, the Council 's membership was 1,727, 1,408 of whom are insur- ance members. The Council owns $5,000 in liberty bonds, and $500.00 worth of thrift stamps. It donated to Knights of Columbus war fund, Red Cross and all other war activities. It maintains an annual scholarship in St. Ignatius College. There were 301 men in the service ; one casualty in action over- seas ; five deaths in camps in this country. The Council boasts the youngest major in the army, Major John Bowen. Several members received honors from the government. There were five petty officers. The Council meets the second and fourth Thursday of each month, and boasts the largest attendance at any meeting of any Council in the Order.""* 1279 AMERICUS COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— M. J. Hewlett Rev. Philip Burke, O. Richard Gannon. Sr. John Quinlan S. M. Peter C. Hoey Daniel Devereux Rev. A. Cortney, O.S.M. Charles D. Barrett Frank P. Cornwall Thomas O'Connor John J. Powers Edward B. Dunigan Americus Council No. 1279 of Chicago, was instituted October 20, 1907, at the Council Chamber of Marquette Coun- cil, 290 Dearborn avenue. The organization committee was composed of Richard C. Gannon, Sr., Chairman, now deceased, Peter C. Hoey, Secretary, James J. Walsh, George Connors, and George W. Nolan. At the institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Illinois Council, and the major degree by State Deputy Lewis E. Sauter, assisted by District Deputy James Maher. The principal officers elected at the first election were Grand Knight Richard C. Gannon, Sr., Deputy Grand Knight Peter C. Hoey; Chancellor Edwin Lawlor; Financial Secretary Joseph Murphy; Recorder Ed- 49. Father Setters is fast becoming a very large Council and bids fair to rival the largest Councils. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 291 ward Casey ; Treasurer Ceorge W. Nolan ; Lecturer James J. Walsh ; Chaplain Rev. Philip Burke, 0. S. M. Americus Council has been conspicuous for its activity in every line of Knights of Columbus work. Its growth has been phenomenal. JOHN J. POWERS. Americus Council MARTIN J. O'BRIEN. Americus Council It has a membership now exceeding 1,000. The Council has been a valuable patron of education, having maintained for years a scholarship at St. Phillips' High School for boys, and also at Our Lady of Providence Academy for girls. The Coun- cil's contribution to the Endowment Fund of the Catholic University was $1,500.00. One hundred ninety-two members of the Council were in the service during the war, and three members, viz., Charles Calmeyn, Norman J. Cornwall and 292 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Wm. M. Hayden gave their lives. The greatly distinguished Chaplain, Rev. Harris A. Darche, Captain, noted in other chapters, is a member of Americus Council.^*' 1281 MT. STERLING COUNCIL, Mt. Sterling CHAPLAINS— Rev. W. A. Heffernan Rev. James Murray Rev. Charles Fanning Rev. James R. Maloney Rev. Thomas J. Carroll Rev. Edmond Dwyer Butler Rev. Joseph O'Roui-ke Rev. A. M. Jasckle GRAND KNIGHTS— Theodore Hagel Rev. W. A. Hefferman George P. Brady Henry A. Hagel John A. McGoon R. C. McGann, M. D. James O'Connor Francis Brady C. E. Thornton Mt. Sterling Council No. 1281 was instituted November 17. 1907. The Council owes its origin to Rev. W. A. Heffer- MT. STERLING COUNCIL HOME nan, one of the earliest and most active members of the clergy m behalf of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois. At the time 50. See chapter on War Workers. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 293 of institution the officers of Quiney and Springfield Councils conferred the first and second degrees, and District Deputy Thomas A. Scherer and staff of Quiney, conferred the major degree. The principal officers at the time of institution were Grand Knight, Theodore Hagel ; Deputy Grand Knight, Joseph H. Brady; Chaplain, Kev. Wm. A. Heffernan; Financial Sec- retary, John B. O'Connor; Kecorder, Edward M. Hagel; Treasurer, Anton Morschauser. The Council was a success from the beginning, and took an active part in the building of St. Mary's Academy, a very creditable school. It was also active in every Church movement, and amongst other dona- tions placed memorial windows in St. Mary's and St. Joseph's Churches. The members of the Council conducted the Knights of Columbus drives, bought Thrift Stamps, donated to all Red Cross, Salvation Army and similar drives. On April 22, 1921, the Knights of Columbus Home Association was incor- porated and purchased a home for the Council valued at $16,000.^^ 1282 DWIGHT COUNCIL, Dwight CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. P. Parker C. J. Ahern Rev. C. O'Brien ^t^ a t^tt^ T^ivTT^TTmo. Jame.s Hagerty Rev. T. Egan GRAND KNIGHTS— Austin Gibbons Rev. G. Powers T. E. Barry M. Halloran Rev. Thomas D. Ken- W. A. Barth Clem Stelchen nedy James Kelagher Frank Gibbons John Doherty DwiGHT Council No. 1282 was instituted December 29, 1907. The following sketch prepared by Rev. Thomas D. Ken- nedy tells the story of the establishment of the Council con- cisely : "The stability of an institution or organization is gauged by the principles underlying it, or upon which it is based. If sound principles, based upon Christianity, be the foundation such an institution is of necessity a great benefit. Such an institution in a community tends to elevate the standard of 51. Rev. William A, Heflfernan, now deceased, Is well remembered by the earlier members in the central part of the state as a very ardent champion of the Order, when influential friends were valuable. 294 KXIGHTS OF COLOIBUS IX ILLINOIS weU-being. morality, citizenship and patriotism. From whole- some association one becomes, and often unconsciously, broader in his viewSj more human in his actions, more beloved by his companions, more sought after in counsel, and thus ennobles his existence in the community. Xow the Knights of Columbus Council of Dwight, Illinois, is, in my opinion, such an organ- ization. Its beginning, like most good things, was slow and arduous. The charter members at first surmounted no small amount of opposition, but finally subjected all difficulties to reasonable control. They brought the contest to a success- ful issue and then organized. The Council is not unique in general principles, nor in general outlines. It is in special features and aspects siii generis. The system is ancient, but its work is modem. Like results have been achieved by others. but not always in exactly the same manner. The mental and moral calibre of its members have been equalled, but seldom surpassed. It is on a solid and substantial basis. Its growth is gradual, but healthy. Its officers are ever on the alert to interest their associates in proper and fitting amusements as well as in educational activities. Its meetings are enlivened by a spirit of true brotherhood, and the work is conducted with sufficient seriousness to make members appreciate the dignity of the Knights of Columbus. The Dwight Council began with 68 members. 23 insurance and 45 associate. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, Thomas E. Barry: Deputy Grand Knight, J. E. West, Jr.; Financial Secretary. J. A. O'Malley: Recording Secre- tan,-. F. Gibbons; Treasurer, J. E. Christman: Lecturer, James Kelleher: Chaplain. Eev. J. F. Power. TTJiTXOIS COUNCILS 295 12SS McHEXRY COUNCIL, McHesry CHAPLAIN'S — GS_0~ "^"TTHT? — A. E. Vt Rev. Parr-;.2k E-irke J. "^. ; r il B^ Rev. Daniel LeHs^^e 4L J. ^ Edward i H-er". Edward E-sr- "W. J. " F J A:' ^ d C. W. -: ^,r Hay M-: Rev. Martin McErroy Thomas Boiger "Wm. G. S ]McHfvby Couxcil Xo. 12SS was institnted Deeenber 15. 190~. District Deputv John E. Cooney of Chicago Tisited Me- Henrv and made preliminary arrangements for the organiza- tion of the ConnciL At the time of the institnticHi the first and sectind degrees were exemplified by the officers of Harvard and !Marqnette Conneils. The major degree was conferred by the then State Deputy. James ^laher. The principal oSeers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight. Joseph "W. Freund: Deputy Grand Knight. Edward Sutton: Chancel- lor. ^Bchael TValsh : Eecorder. Frank G. Schreiner : f^nandal Secretary. Jay X. Gilbert: Treasurer. John H. Miller. Eev. P. Bourke was selected as Chaplain. McHenry Council has cooperated in all of the work of the Order, and has grrea strict regard to religious practices, the members approa^'hing the Sacraments in a body twice a year. A marble mAnument was purchased and put in place for the Grotto at Jcias^barg, which was completed in 1920. On a few oeeaskms aasistanee has been furnished to needy families, and liberal d<»a&BS have been made to Church and charity. Out of the 136 mtaor bers belonging to the Council at the time of the war 49 were in the service. The Council has gained a membership of 31S. Slightly in excess of $1,000 was c-ontributed for war welfare work, and the Council owns $750.00 of Libertv Bonds 296 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1298 DUQUOIN COUNCIL, DuQuoin CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— F. J. Schleper Rev. C. Klocke Frank Horn, Jr. F. J. Purtill Rev. Joseph Ceranski C. J. Eichhorn Emery Kreher Rev. A. Hunniwinkle Frank Horn Frank Koerner Rev. C. J. Eschmann G. H. Knetzger G. A. Rogers H. E. Sanford H. J. Schleper DuQuoiN Council No. 1289 was instituted March 1, 1908. The introduction of the Order to DuQuoin resulted from the organization of the Council in Centralia. Ten members of Sacred Heart Parish in DuQuoin journeyed to Centralia in 1905, and became members of that Council. These, with a few others, subsequently initiated at Centralia, undertook the task of organizing a Council in DuQuoin. Five initia- tions of the first three degrees have since taken place. A? with most early Southern Illinois Councils the jurisdiction of DuQuoin Council covers portions of several counties. In 1917 the Council leased quarters for Council chamber and club rooms which were fitted up and now has an entire third floor, ample in every respect for its needs. The public was invited to the opening of the club rooms, which was of a patriotic nature, as the country had shortly before become involved in the world war. The State Council furnished a splendid speaker for the occasion, in the person of D. J. Normoyle, of Chicago. One of the members, Rev. Edward Cahill, now of Jacksonville, Illinois, was ordained a Priest and said his first Mass in DuQuoin in June, 1917, after which a reception was tendered him by his Brother Knights, when he was presented with a beautiful watch as a memento of the occasion. On the first Sunday of every month the mem- bers approach the Sacraments in a body. The Council handles the sale of the Sunday Visitor at the door of the Church and turns the proceeds over to the Catholic Orphans' Home at Belleville. Rev. Charles Klocke, the first Chaplain, was Parish Priest of DuQuoin for forty years. He was a man of gi-eat learning and piety. The Council gives the Parochial School ILLINOIS COUNCILS 297 children a picnic in the woods at the end of each school year. During the war the members measured up to the Knights of Columbus standard and acquitted themselves creditably. The Council went ' ' over the top ' ' on the Knights of Columbus and allied fund drives. At West Frankfort where a very few members resided INIichael McCann and Rev. Joseph Tragessor raised over $1,000. The Council Chaplain, Rev. C. J. Esch- man, was a member of all war work committees, on one occa- sion turning a day of rioting into a patriotic demonstration, at which he delivered the principal address. He was also one of twenty citizens that applied for and secured permis- sion to organize the country Red Cross Chapter, of which F. J. Purtill, a member of DuQuoin Council, was and is yet. Chairman. He also served on Samuel Gomper's Committee of the Council of National Defense and on the County Coun- cil of Defense of Illinois. H. E. Sanford, another member, served on the Neighborhood Committee of the County Coun- cil of Defense, and another member, F. J. Schleper, was the District Representative on the County Council of Defense. 1316 SENECA COUNCIL, Seneca CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— T. E. Higgins Rev. C. A. Hausser C. E. Talty J. W. Landgraf J. J. Morrissey T. J. Kelly R. D. Moran B. W. Rooney Seneca Council No. 1316 was instituted September 20, 1908. The preliminary arrangements for the Council were in charge of District Deputy Henry M. Kelly, of Ottawa, who was assisted by H. R. Morrow, T. E. Higgins, W. J. Dunn, Alexander Vaughy, M. J. Hogan and R. D. Moran. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Starved Rock Council, while the major degree was in charge of Dis- trict Deputy Kelly, assisted by State Deputy James Maher. The principal officers elected at the institution were: Grand Knight, C. E. Talty; Financial Secretary, B. W. Rooney; 298 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Treasurer, W, J. Dunn; Chaplain, Rev. C. A. Hausser. The Council has at all times been active and participated in all the work of the Order. Eight members of the Council were in the service. The council has fitted up club rooms, in which it ADAM SCHNEIDER, De Soto Council REV. FRANCIS C. YOUNG, Loyola-Hyde Park Council maintains a pool and billiard room, parlors, lounging and card rooms, as well as a commodious council chamber. The furnish- ings of the club rooms cost $2,300.00. The membership of 118 in 1917, paid $2.00 per capita to the war chest fund, and also made up a special collection of $454.00 for war welfare work. CHAPTER VIII Councils Instituted Under the Direction of State Deputies James Maker, LeRoy Hackett, William N. Brown, and Edward Houlihan. Naturally the number of Council institutions decreased as the state jurisdiction became more nearly covered, and while the efforts of the earlier Statel Deputies were directed largely to the organization of new Councils those of the later State Deputies were devoted to the advancement of the Councils al- ready organized, a work of at least equal importance. Due to several changes affecting the composition of this chapter which isis— lois make it somewhat difficult to keep the run of the responsible officers it seems proper to state that of the Councils sketched in this chapter sixteen were instituted during the terms of office of State Deputy James Maher; twenty-one Councils in all were instituted while LeRoy Hackett was State Deputy; two while William N. Brown was State Deputy and fifteen since Edward Houlihan has become State Deputy. 1334 WATERLOO COUNCIL, Waterloo chaplains— grand knights— George C. Ziebold Rev. Henry Keuth Roy E. Gauen P. A. Hamacher Bennett James Waterloo Council No. 1334 was instituted June 14, 1908, with 55 charter members.^ The men active in organizing Waterloo Council were Dr. N. B. Pautler, Bennett James, 1. This wide-awake council in "Egypt" has accomplished a great deal. 299 300 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Hugh Murphy and John J. Koenigsmark, the latter three being members for the previous five years of East St. Louis Council. The first and second degrees were conferred by officers of East St. Louis and Belleville Councils, the major degree was conferred by Aug. Barthel, of Belleville, District Deputy. "Within a short time the membership w^as increased to over one hundred. For a small Council in a small place IgiHEIgl WATERLOO COUNCIL HOME Waterloo Council has been very active. Religious, educa- tional and charitable work was given due attention. The Coun- cil has maintained club rooms in the First National Bank Building, and has had a healthful growth. Besides taking part in all the various activities connected with the war locally the Council met all the contributions, paying the $2.00 assess- ment in full and raising $1,000 for the Big Drive. During all these activities the Council club rooms were open to the Gen- eral Council of Defense, the Women's Auxiliary, the Red ILLINOIS COUNCILS 301 Cross and other war organizations, and was freely used by them on numerous occasions. The American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars organizations, just recently estab- lished here, have had the free use of hall and club rooms whenever desired. The Grand Knight of the Council, Bennett James, was prominent in all war work, was chairman of the Jewish Relief Campaign and Secretary of the Salvation Army drive. During the past four years, under the management of Grand Knight James, who has served in this capacity con- tinuously for that period, the Council's membership has been more than doubled, and now numbers nearly 250. This rapid increase is partly due to the energy displayed by the members from Columbia, Valmeyer, Hecker, Renault, Madonnaville, Harrisonville and other points in the county, which have all furnished new members, besides the large contingent that Waterloo supplies. Frequent entertainments are given by the Council, which have much to do with the enthusiasm existing in procuring new membership from time to time, and the various committees, together with the efficient staff of officers, are always on the lookout for anything that inures to the Council's benefit. The club rooms and hall are as substantial and elegant as any to be found in any Council of equal size in the state, and from the progress and energy displayed by the Council ever since its institution, Waterloo Council can be relied upon to do its part in all that makes for the good of the Order. 1343 MT. CARMEL COUNCIL, Mt. Carmel CHAPLAINS— Rev. Joseph J. Orlet E. J. Fleming Rev. F. H. Budde r-o amt^ T^xTTr-MT-«s ^- J- Venning Rev E M. Chuse GRAND KNIGHTS— Martin Walter Rev. M. J. Gruenwalde P. J. Kolb F. E. Denman Rev. R. E. Jantzen P. J. Harvard J. A. BurrLs Rev. Joseph M. Mueller H. A. Cooney Mt. Carmel Cofncil No. 1343 was instituted October 18, 1908. The preliminary work in connection with the organi- 302 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS zation of the Council was done by P. J. Kolb and Louis Walter. The first degree was conferred by Vincennes (Indiana) Coun- cil No. 712; the second degree by Washington (Indiana) Council No. 630 and the major degree by District Deputy Frank A. Traynor and staff of Centralia. Mt. Carmel is one of the smaller Councils, but has been active in every part of the Order's work, and has grown to a membership of 200. The Council promptly remitted the $2.00 assessment for war welfare work, and between August 4, 1917, and July 3, 1919, transmitted to the Supreme Council for welfare work $1,028.47. The Council subscribed $200.00 for Liberty Bonds and $100.00 to the United War Work Campaign; $125.00 to the Jewish Welfare Fund, $28.65 to the Salvation Army Fund, and $10.00 to the Belgian Educational Relief. In March, 1919, the Council established a literature rack with the best Catholic literature in the vestibule of St. Mary's Church. During the war the dues of all members in the military and naval serv- ice were paid from the general fund. Twenty-two per cent of the membership of the Council was in the service during the war.2 1352 OLNEY COUNCIL, Olney CHAPLAINS— George T. Weber, Henry Mehmert Rev. J. B. Henken M. D. Henry Fehrenbacher Rev. J. A. Roken Joseph Brassie Miller Watson ^Ti A TVTT^ T^TwTT^TTmcM Artliur MehiTiert John R. Allen GRAND KNIGHTS— Edward Suess Frank Brassie Olney Council No. 1352 was instituted July 12, 1908, through the efforts of Dr. George T. Weber, Edward H. Mehmert and M. Starter, who were at that time members of Vincennes, Indiana, Council No. 712, but who transferred to and became members of Olney Council. At the time of the institution of the Council the officers of Effingham Council conferred the first and second degrees, and District Deputy Maurice V. Joyce and staff of East St. Louis Council, con- ferred the major degree. The location of the first Council 2. Mt. Carmel Council had every man who was eligible in the war. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 303 chamber was at the corner of Elliott and Chestnut Streets, better known as the Old Church Hall. Later the meeting place was moved to the Mehmert Building, 2501/^ Main street, the present location. Rev. John B. Henken was selected as the first Chaplain, and served until 1915, when Rev. Joseph THOMAS A. O'SHAUGHNESSY Ravenswood Council HON. TIMOTHY D. HURLEY. Chicago Council A. Roken was made Chaplain, and has served the Council in that capacity ever since. Frank Brassie was the first Grand Knight, and has been succeeded by Dr. George T. Weber, Joseph Brassie, Arthur Mehmert, Edward Suess, Henry Meh- mert, Henry Fehrenbacher, IMiller Watson, Edward Suess and John Allen. In 1913 Dr. George T. Weber was appointed 304 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS District Deputy by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett, but in 1915 he asked to be relieved, and Edward Suess was appointed to fill the vacancy, and still holds the appointment. Olney Coun- cil has a membership of approximately 150, consisting of men from various states of the Union, due to the floating population of the vicinity. The Council is also well represented in Flora and Wendelin parishes. During the world war the Council was represented wnth 21 members in the various departments of the army, all of whom came back except one, Leo Klinger, who died while in the service. The Council was one of the first organi- zations in the city to respond to the call for help, giving ap- proximately $500.00 to the Knights of Columbus War Fund. It purchased Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps, amount- ing to $300.00.3 1366 BLUE ISLAND COUNCIL, Blue Island CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— J. A. Lentz Rev. O. J. Rosch J. P. Clancey H. B. Kortendick Rev. Theodore Gross W. E. Powers Edward Martens W. J. Gaboriault Blue Island Council No. 1366 was instituted December 6, 1908. The institution took place at Fraternity Hall, 17 West Adams street, Chicago. There were 77 charter members. Dis- trict Deputy Francis J. Houlihan was in charge of the organi- zation of the Council. The first and second degrees were ex- emplified by the officers of La Rabida Council, and the major degree by District Deputy Thomas W. Flynn. The promoters of the Council wished to name it the Phil Sheridan, but learning that there was already a Council by that name the name Blue Island was selected. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, John P. Clancy ; Deputy Grand Knight, William J. Mason; Financial Secretary, Ed- ward Martens ; Treasurer, Joseph W. Lentz ; Recorder, George W. Gray ; Chancellor, Thomas Earner. Rev. 0. J. Rosch was 3. Past Grand Knight and District Deputy Suess is now Treasurer of the state Council. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 305 selected as Chaplain. The Council has taken part in all of the various Knights of Columbus activities, and was especially active during the war. Three hundred dollars worth of Liberty Bonds and War Stamps were purchased by the Council.* 1369 NAPERVILLE COUNCIL CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Walter Migely Rev. August Wenker V. A. Dieter William Bapst Rev. B. J. Schuette J. A. Schmidt Naperville Council No. 1369 was instituted January 17, 1909. The idea of organizing a Council seems to have been conceived by Phil J. Willems, although he modestly refuses all the honor. According to Mr. Willems, the movement was started at a gathering of men in the office of Joseph A. Reuss, one evening in October, 1908, shortly after several of those present had taken their major degree in Aurora. It was then and there agreed that a committee should call upon the pastor, Rev. August Wenker, and ask his permission to give a medal to the pupil having the highest mark in Christian Doctrine in each of the upper grades of the parish school, and also for permission to institute a Council in the Parish. Mr. Willems, then a veiy active member of Englewood Council, and who had been assist- ing in degree work in and about Chicago, was chosen as Chair- man of the General Arrangements Committee ; Joseph A. Reuss of Loyola Council was chosen Secretary. One hundred and one Knights, eighty of whom were admitted into full fellowship on that day formed the charter membership of the Council. The ceremonies of the day were formally opened by a Solemn High Mass celebrated in SS. Peter and Paul's Church, the sermon being preached by the eloquent Msgr. Francis C. Kelley, of the Catholic Church Extension Society. All prospective members and visiting Knights attended the services. Early in the after- noon the first degree of the Order was conferred upon the 4. On April 1, 1921, Blue Island Council had a membership of 271. 306 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS initiates, by the officers of Elgin Council. The second degree followed under the direction of the officers of Aurora Council. The impressive and successful manner in which the major degree was exemplified by the worthy State Deputy, James Maher and staff, brought a chorus of praise and thanks from the many visiting members, and the enthusiastic candidates. Thomas Boland of Lafayette Council acted as warden in charge. One of the delightful incidents of the degree work was the beautiful musical setting furnished by the Damen Council Quartette of Chicago, a group of Knights whose musical offer- ings have won the plaudits of the Order in Chicago for several years. Carolus Hall, made especially attractive and home-like by a beautiful scheme of floral decorations, was the scene of a sumptuous banquet which followed the conclusion of the major degree. The presence of a large number of active and past officers of surrounding Councils and of Chicago, together with the presence of the State Deputy and a large number of his District Deputies, made the institution particularly noteworthy. Robert Ackerman, District Deputy, who acted as Chancellor in the first degree exemplified at Naperville, was appointed District Deputy for the new Council. The first principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Valentine A. Dieter, Grand Knight; Theodore F. Boecker, Deputy Grand Knight: Peter D. Bapst, Chancellor; George V. Clements, Financial Secretary; Emil F. Schwartz, Recorder; Richard J. Walsh, Warden ; John W. Egermann, Treasurer. Rev. August Wen- ker was selected as Chaplain. Naperville Council has a record of twelve years of successful endeavor. Every movement sponsored or approved by the Order, nationally or locally, was fostered by the Council. Religion, charity and education had in the Council a firm friend and loyal supporter. The Council's war record is one of the most brilliant in the chron- icles of the Order, especially on account of the distinction that came to several of its members. The story of the Babst brothers, ILLINOIS COUNCILS 307 three of them, one a distinguished war Chaplain ; another the recipient of war decorations, and the third a gold star, is told in other chapters. There were others, too, who distinguished themselves, and two more, Arnold P. Hiltenbrand and Robert M. Riedy, M'ho gave their lives.^ 1382 CARLYLE COUNCIL, Carlyle CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Paul V. Schaefer Rev. J. B. Diepen- Hugh V. Murray Andrew O. Niehoff brock J. A. Rogan Alois P. Hahn Rev. J. H. Bruns W. S. Westermann Arthur Bruemmer Rev. Nicolas Dietrich Hubert J. Schafly Carlyle Council No. 1382 was instituted February 21, 1909. The men who were responsible for bringing the Knights of Columbus to Carlyle were N. W. Konrad, A. N. Hallerman, H. C. Trierweiler, H. V. Murray, W. S. Westerman, Fred Feulner, J. D. Kueper, H. J, Hallerman and J. H. Frerker, Jr. At the institution of the council the first degree was conferred by the officers of Effingham Council ; the second degree was con- ferred by the officers of Tri Cities Council, and the Third De- gree was conferred by Frank J. Trainor, of Centralia, District Deputy, assisted by James Brady and staff. Hugh V. Mur- ray served three years as Grand Knight and was succeeded by J. E. Rogan ; then by W. S. Westermann ; then by Hubert J. Schlafly ; then by Paul V. Schaefer ; then by Andrew 0. Nie- hoff, and then by Fred P. Haderlein, the present incumbent. Mr. J. B. Wuller was elected Financial Secretary, and has con- tinued and still holds the office. C. H. Nicolay has been Record- ing Secretary for the last five years. Many of the charter mem- bers still attend the meetings and are active in the affairs of the Council. Rev. J. B. Diepenbrock and Rev. Nicholas Dietrich were charter members and many other priests have been mem- bers of this Council. Father Diepenbrock departed this life in 1920. He was succeeded by Rev. J. H. Bruns, the present 5. Naperville Council had 250 members April 1, 1921. 308 KNIGHTS OF COLmiBUS IN ILLINOIS rector. The Council numbers men of every profession among its members, lawyers, doctors, priests, merchants, farmers, miners, auto-mechanics, etc. The present membership is about 320. During the world war this Council sent many members to the camps and many of them took active part on the battle GEORGE MULLIGAN, Phil Sheridan Council CHARLES J. FITZMAURICE, Loyola-Hyde Park Council front. Many were wounded and five deaths occurred. Many of the men who took an active part are too modest to teU their experiences and unless pressed will decline to talk. One on being asked the part which he took in a certain event said that he was trying to forget the awful scenes of battle and intimated that he did not want to hear more questions about it. Some ILLINOIS COUNCILS 309 speak highly of their officers and one and aU praise the Knights of Columbus for the way they stood by the men in the service.® 1419 ST. AUGUSTINE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLATN'S— GRAND KNIGHTS— Joseph J. Reiter Rev. F. J. Karabas Joseph C. Schwarz Adolph Mever Rev. Paul Drevniak Henry Mayer Joseph Forst Rev. Peter Gaul Mathew Krump St. Augustine Council No. 1419 of Chicago, was insti- tuted May 23, 1909. The movement for a new Council was begun by Joseph C. Schwarz, Paul Schmidt, Albert Burger, John Hanippal and Joseph J. Reiter. The council was organ- ized by District Deputy John T. McEnery. The officers of Thomas Aquinas Council had charge of the first and second degrees, and the major degree ^ as conferred by State Deputy James Maher. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, Joseph C. Schwarz ; Deputy Grand Knight, Albert Burger; Chancellor, Mathew Elrump; Financial Secretary-, Daniel E. McLaughlin; Recorder, Joseph Birchler; Treasurer, Frank A. "Werhard. Rev. F. J. Kara- bas was selected as Chaplain. The charter class was very small, but the council has grown to a membership of 300. None of the work of the Order has been neglected by the council, and when the nation became involved in the world war the council activi- ties were redoubled. During the drive for welfare funds the members collected $1,500. Tokens of remembrance were sent to the men in service periodically during the war. In the conduct of its work the council has expended for educational purposes $2,000: for religious purposes $2,500: for charity $1.300 ; for war welfare work $2,000. The council o^tis $1,500 in Libertv Bonds and $500 in "\^'ar Stamps. 6. The extreme modesty of those who served is iUnstrated by the dough- boy's remarks allnded to. 310 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1434 GENERAL SHERMAN COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS — Rev. George A. Parker John M. Lee Rev. James Hynes r^-o x-^t-t, r^^.^^n-l^^a John J. Gorman Rev. Theodore Small GKArsiU KJNlGMifc.— Thomas J. Geary Rev. John B. Ferring Charles Howard John J. Lynch James J. Ferran George F. Buck General Sherman Council No. 1434 of Chicago was insti- tuted January 27, 1909. In the early part of that year five members of Lafayette Council, viz., Rev. James A. Hynes, Dr. Joseph Hynes, James J. Ferran, Charles Howard and Michael Hanrahan (deceased), residing in Our Lady of Angels par- ish, formed a committee and applied to the State Deputy, James Maher, for permission to organize a council in the above mentioned vicinity. The request was granted. About this time a patriotic wave was sweeping over the country, and ' ' General Sherman ' ' was considered an appropri- ate name for the council, in honor both of the distinguished General and of his son, Rsv. William T. Sherman, S. J., who, at that time, was located in Holy Family parish. For the in- formation of many who have been misinformed, General Sher- man died a Catholic, and is buried in Calvary cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri. The council was instituted with 73 new members and five transfers at Northwest Hall, Western and North Avenues, Justin McCarthy and staff officiated in the first and second degrees. State Deputy James Maher and staff exemplified the third degree. The present state deputy, Edward Houlihan, was the first district deputy. The council has promoted several successful affairs, such as picnics, dances, stags, banquets, children 's and Christmas par- ties. Several minstrel shows were produced under the direc- tion of Joseph Gannon and George F. Buck. At the meetings, besides musical and other features of entertainment, there have been renowned speakers, including Rev. Patrick Mullins, S. J. ; Rev. John Webster Melody, D. D. ; William Canavan ; James R. McCann (deceased) ; Rev. John P. Schiffer; Rev. Joseph ILLINOIS COUNCILS 311 Lauerman; Rev. George Parker; Rev. Charles McClellan and various judges and public men. Athletics have been promoted at all times, the council enter- ing teams in baseball, bowling, and indoor ball. Recently a rule has been incorporated in the by-laws of the council re- quiring a permanent committee on athletics so that the council can take an active part in all sports promoted by the Knights of Columbus. Eighty-six members of the council served in the army and navy during the late war, of whom all returned. Many mem- bers donated a portion of their time in voluntary sei vice, such as Red Cross, Liberty Loan, Welfare Drives and American Pro- tective League service. The council invested generously in Liberty Bonds, which it still possesses, and paid the council dues of all members in the service of the army and navy. The council has steadily grown from the time of its incep- tion to the present membership of 756, with good prospects of increasing. One feature in force in the council is known as the imme- diate aid fund. An assessment of 25 cents per quarter is col- lected from every member in conjunction with the quarterly dues. The assessment is placed in the above mentioned fund and upon the death of a member, either associate or insurance, the sum of one hundred dollars is paid to the parties, who are in charge of the deceased, as soon as the officers are notified and proper identification is made. This has proven a good feature and on account of it, not only the council but the Order in general has been complimented by people who are not members. The council originally met in Our Lady of the Angels Hall. Later, seeing an opportunity to expand it moved to 3900 W. North Ave., where it was centrally located between Our Lady of the Angels, Maternity of the B. V. M., and St. Philomena's parishes. It is now moving into larger quarters in the new 312 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Tiffin theater building, where a five-year lease has been signed with full possession. A committee is working on plans for a permanent home at the expiration of five years which indicates the progress of the council. 1444 FATHER PEREZ COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John T. Burke Rev. Edward Ricciar- Edward C. Barry William B. Haas delli John J. Guthrie James J. Keown Rev. C. J. Ford, John M. Fox Frank R. McGarr O. S. A. Emmet J. McCarthy Father Perez Council No. 1444 of Chicago was instituted November 7, 1909. The aggressive men in the preliminary proceedings were John R. Reilly, Edwin C. Barry, Dr. M, H. Pauly, Richard J. Burns, John S. Boes, Thomas M. Moroney and Joseph Sturmer. At the institution, the first degree was conferred by Past Grand Knight P. B. Birong, and Past Chan- cellor J. X. Galvin, of Englewood Council, and staff ; the second degree was exemplified by Past Grand Knight of Americus Council, Peter C. Hoey and staff, and the major degree by Past State Deputy James Maher. The first regular meeting of the council was held in the present chambers at 6319 S. Ashland avenue, on November 7, 1909, and the name Father Perez was selected at the suggestion of Rev. C. P. 'Neill, 0. S. A., now Prefect of Studies at the College of Villa Nova in Pennsylvania.^ Ralph C. Reilly early in the days of the council conceived the idea that a council publication would be welcome in the homes of Perez members, and the newsy little publication known as the "Fr. Perez Herald" was first issued on August 27th, 1912. The founder of the Herald, was likewise its first editor, and under his direction it was issued semi-monthly up to September 14th, 1915, when he resigned. Michael W. Doyle was then appointed editor and Harry M. Doyle manager. When Grand 7. Named in honor of Father Juan Perez, prior of LaRabida Convent. Spain, who aided Columbus so materially. The popularity of the great prior IS evidenced by the large number of councils throughout the jurisdiction (two m Illinois) named in his honor. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 313 Knight James J. Keown went into office, one of his first official acts was to enlarge the Fr. Perez Herald, and he appointed Bro. Daniel O'Connell, past recorder and publicity agent as editor-in chief. The new council publication "The Fr. Perez Smile'' came into being with Christmas 1919 edition, and has QUIN O'BRIEN. Marquette Council FRANCIS J. O'SHAUGHNESSY, Ravenswood Council been a success from the start. It is published on the same principle as a metropolitan newspaper, and its continued success speaks well for Mr. 'Connell 's ability as a newspaper man and editor. A Memorial Mass is celebrated each Thanks- giving Day for the repose of the souls of departed members. Memorial services are also held annually in the Council Cham- 314 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS bers, and are very impressive occasions. Perez members attend the annual retreat of the Knights of Columbus in large num- bers. An important philanthropic work of the council is the work of the Christmas Cheer Committee, making the needy happy. Christmas baskets containing substantial supplies are delivered to the needy reported in the vicinity of the council regardless of creed. As strong believers in higher education the council passed a resolution for a scholarship in St. Rita's College, Chicago, defraying expenses of tuition and books in the years 1913-14-15-16-17-18-19-20. A Fife and Drum Corps is a council enterprise under the direction of Edward Dixon and the management of Patrick J. Keeley and J. J. Carroll. The Perez Minstrels is a well-known entertaining organization, under the direction of John H. Dearham. During the war Perez Minstrels realized several hundred dollars from high class minstrel at the Marlowe Theatre. The proceeds were used for war purposes. The Perez War Welfare Committee sent the proceeds, together with an especially designed Perez-0-Gram, containing the council Honor Roll, Christmas Cheer Greetings from our worthy Chaplain, Rev. C. J. Ford, 0. S. A., and a Yuletide Message from the membership to the men in service. Athletics in the form of baseball, indoor baseball, bowling and basketball have at all times received the generous support of the council. The council is the proud possessor of three Knights of Columbus championships, also holds the amateur champion- ships of the Middle West and the championships of the Fra- ternal leagues of Illinois. Under the leadership of "Jimmy" Keown, the Perez club won the Knights of Columbus city cham- pionship in 1916, while Vincent Bullen carried off the individ- ual championship batting honors. With Leo Dixon at the helm in 1917 the club repeated. With Vincent Bullen as manager in 1919 the club again repeated and also carried off the amateur championship of the Middle West and the fraternal champion- ships of Illinois. When the United States entered the world ILLINOIS COUNCILS 315 war three hundred and twenty-six members of Perez Council answered the call to arms. Of this number six were called upon to make the supreme sacrifice, and fifteen rose from the ranks in all branches of the service and won commissions as captains and lieutenants. Joseph P. Elwood and Joseph J. Sullivan won both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre for conspicuous bravery on the field of battle. Both also were mentioned in the citations on numerous occasions. It fell to the lot of Edward W. Benson, Bernard J. Howe, Matthew J. Kilburg, Robert R. Kennedy, John J. Sullivan and Byron V. McClusky to make the supreme sacrifice. Past Grand Knight, John J. Guthrie of Perez Council, was appointed as divisional director of the Knights of Columbus "Welfare work for eight southern states. J. Green, George E. Berry, John J. Burns, Charles M. Bates, Francis Cunningham and Cletes R. Keane of the council were Knights of Columbus Secretaries. At the close of the Knights of Columbus drive for war funds, it was announced that Father Perez Council, with the exception of one other, had turned in the highest contribution — close to six thousand dollars. This was accomplished mainly through the efforts of Grand Knight James J. Keown; Past Grand Knight John T. Burke, chairman of the War Welfare Com- mittee, and Past Deputy Grand Knight Patrick H. Gallagher. Father Perez Council also purchased $1,100 worth of Liberty Bonds, and donated to and supported every known drive for funds, including the Red Cross, the Salvation Army, the Y. M. C. A., and others. The council at Christmas time 1918, staged perhaps the largest affair ever produced by a subordi- nate council in the form of an indoor football game under the direction of James J. Keown, John T. Burke and the member- ship. Several thousand dollars was realized and every penny of it was turned over to the Knights of Columbus War Fund for the comfort of the men in the service. The council has subscribed to the Catholic University Fund, Philippine Church 316 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Extension and many minor donations. The officiary of the council includes Edwin C. Barry, first Grand Knight ; John J. Guthrie, John M. Fox, John T. Burke, William B. Haas and James J. Keown, successors in that office. John R. Eeilly, who has held the important office of Financial Secretary since the institution of the council, John S. Boes, who has had a similar experience, Dr. Michael H. Pauly, who likewise has held the office of Medical Examiner since the institution of the council. Thomas M. Mullen, Daniel 'Connell, John M. Fox and Henry B. Wickers, Recorders; Edward D. Byrnes, Hugh C. Reilly and Henry B. Wickers, Council Scribes; Michael H. Pauly, Anthony J. Stalzer, John S. Reiner, Michael W. Doyle, James J. Keown, Hugh C. Reilly and John H. Dearham as Lecturers, deserve well of the council and merit special mention. Council chaplains Rev. Edward Ricciardelli, CC. C, and Rev. C. J. Ford, 0. S. A., have endeared themselves to every member of the council.® 1456 WASHINGTON COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John R. Burdlck Rev. N. J. Kremer James M. Carey Thomas Dolan Rev. James O'Shea John B. McFall Marcus Bertsch Rev. Conrad Knurr Washington Council No. 1456 of Maywood was instituted December 18, 1908, through the efforts of William T. Collins of Lafayette Council and James M. Carey of Damen Council, assisted later by Rev. N. J. Kremer, formerly of Fort Dearborn Council. District Deputy Peter C. Hoey directed the prelimi- nary work. The first and second degrees were exemplified by the officers of Americus Council, with Peter C. Hoey in charge. The major degree was conferred by District Deputy James Donahoe and staff. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were James M. Carey, Grand Knight; W. E. 8. Father Perez. No. 1,444. is one of the large Councils, with a mem- liership of 1,444 on April 1, 1921. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 317 Herman, Deputy Grand Knight; A. J. Busscher, Financial Secretary ; J. R. Burdick, Recorder ; William T. Collins, Treas- urer; Rev. N. J. Kremer, Chaplain. At the time of the insti- tution of this council Maywood had but 60 Catholic families, and the council was organized with 44 members. The progress was naturally slow, but there are now over 250 members. The usual routine of work was discharged during the several years preceding the war, but when the country became involved in the war the council became very active. It had a good representation in the service, and contributed to all war work and all war funds. Since the war members of the council are constant visitors to the Edward Hines Hospital, which is located near the situs of the council, where they exert themselves to make it as pleasant as possible for the disabled service men who are confined there. One member of the council, Emmet M. Casey, made the supreme sacrifice, and he and John Corrigan, both members of the 108th Engineers, were cited for bravery in bringing in members of their company who had been injured under fire. From the 110 members belonging to the council when the call to arms was made 36 responded.^ 1496 MONMOUTH COUNCIL, Monmouth CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— J. J. Ryan Rev. P. P. Owens Rev. P. V. Egan James A. O'Hearn Rev. J. J. Lyons D. W. O'Connor J. F. Cook Rev. T. J. Owens J. D. Toal J. J. Burk Rev. M. A. Coffey A. J. Ritchel Leo G. Pfaff Mark Murphy Monmouth Council No. 1496 was instituted July 3, 1910, under the direction of State Deputy James Maher. To Rev. P. V. Egan and Joseph D. Toal are due the credit of bringing the Order to Monmouth. At the time of the institution the first and second degrees were exemplified by the officers of Gales- burg Council, with James McKinney as Grand Knight, and the 9. The councils located near the hospitals availed themselves of the opportunity for valuable service as appears from the history of several such councils. 318 KNIGHTS OF COLIBIBUS IN ILLINOIS major degree was conferred by James Maher, State Deputy, and staff. Rev. P. P. Owens, the pastor of the Immaculate Conception Church, was selected as the first chaplain, and Rev. P. V. Egan was the first Grand Knight. Soon after the council was instituted a set of the Catholic Encyclopedia was placed in the Public Library, and since then other Catholic books have been donated by the council. To the rebuilding of the church, which was destroyed by fire, the council contributed about $500, in addition to $100 for a window. In the furnishing of the Sisters' school $990.20 was expended for seating and other equipment. The council has always maintained suitable head- quarters containing a commodious hall and club rooms, and these have always been given free of rent to all Church so- cieties and for all meetings and entertainments for the benefit of such societies or of the Church. Amongst those who used the Knights of Columbus quarters may be named the Altar Society, Church Extension Society, Young Ladies' Society, and the Holy Name SocietJ^ In all charities the Knights of Columbus have been among the first to make donations, and the council has frequently been commended for its generositv*. During the war ^lonmouth Council was prominent in all war activities. It was the first organization in Monmouth to send gifts to the men in the service, such as cigars, pipes, cigarettes and tobacco, the first gifts of this nature being sent to Company H, 6th Regiment, I. N. G.. while that unit was on duty at the Arsenal at Rock Island. Two of the members received mention as Four-ilinute men. and aU of the members were active in aU war drives. In the Knights of Columbus drive the council's quota was $1,300. but $4,960.98 was raised under the leadership of the Past Grand Knight and Past District Deputy. John J. Ryan. Twenty-three of the members were in the ser- vice and discharged their duties faithfully. The council ten- dered the use of its hall and club rooms to the returned soldiers and sailors when the American Legion was established in the ILLINOIS COUNCILS 319 city, and the tender was accepted and the quarters used by the local branch of the legion until other quarters could be secured.^" 1511 SANTA MARIE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. Edward O'Reilly GRAND KNIGHTS— P. H. Moynihan T. H. Davey Joseph E. Roy Santa Marie Council No. 1511 was instituted in the Pull- man district of Chicago October 3, 1910, through the unceasing efforts of Rev. Edward 'Reilly. For many years Father '- Reilly sought to have a council of the Knights of Columbus insti- THOS. H. DA VET, Santa Marie Council THOMAS KELLY, Santa Marie Council tuted within St. Patrick's Parish and eventually secured the names of ninety applicants. The first degree was conferred by Blue Island Council, the second by Calumet and the major de- gree by Jas. Maher, State Deputy. P. H. Moynihan was the first 10. One hundred sixty-six members (April 1, 1921) accomplished all these results. 320 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Grand Knight. After one year he was succeeded by Thomas H. Davey, who has been reelected to leadership each succeeding year since. Santa Marie Council has diverse membership, in SANTA MARIE COUNCIL HOME which are included eight Priests, numerous lawyers and doctors and a number of police officers, and, in fact, men from almost every calling. So conspicuous has Santa Marie Council been in sports and athletics as to merit special mention. In the second ILLINOIS COUNCILS 321 year of its history it maintained a baseball club, managed by H. O'Neill and Captain John Maher, and in that year won fifteen games and lost but five. In the next year the team won the suburban championship, having the highest average of the ten councils competing. In that year Joe Roach was manager and Edward Coggin was captain. During the autumn and winter of that year the council entered a bowling team in the Knights of Columbus city league under the captaincy of An- thony McGlone, and attained a high score. During the next year the council won a second championship in the suburban baseball league. The team during that year was managed by Edward Goggin with Captain Dr. Thomas Carlos. The war over, the council entered a basketball team in the city league in 1919, and won the Southern Division championship. This team was managed by John Sullivan with Frank Wicks as Captain. Out of sixteen games played the team won fifteen. Amongst social events the council observed Columbus Day 1917 in South Chicago with a great military ball and drill, put on by the boys in the Naval service at Great Lakes. On Columbus Day 1919 the council gave a band concert, with an address on Columbus by Hon. Francis J. 'Shaughnessy. In May, 1919, a military ball was staged for the returned soldiers. Santa Marie Council had 140 of its members in the service of their country during the war. The council paid the dues of these members from the time they entered the service until they came back. Amongst the members of the council who were especially active in assisting the men in the service at the camps and in other situations were Edwin Kelly, John H. Ryan and Brothers Bohling, Jonelis, Wilson, Dickson, Ruel, Meyers, Courtney, O'Keefe, Wind, LaMarbe and Thomson. On Sunday, March 4th, 1918, the members of the council paid a visit to Camp Grant ; took six entertainers and gave a show for the men at the camp. On June 16, 1918, the members in 200 automobiles left South Chicago and visited the Great Lakes, 322 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS and gave a minstrel show for the Jackies. In August, 1919, the council had its first picnic, which was held at Hudson Lake, Indiana. An outing and picnic was held at Notre Dame, Indiana, in 1920. A schedule of contributions shows that the council expended for educational purposes $200 ; for religious purposes $100 ; for charity $100 ; for war welfare work $1,000, and for Liberty Bonds and War Stamps $2,000." 1548 OAK PARK COUNCIL, Oak Park CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Toal McCullough Rev. Thomas J. Mc- John Brennan Joseph T. O'Neill Devitt Louis F. Loughlin Dennis J. Crowley Alex J. Donovan Thomas J. Ryan Joseph I. Sheridan Oak Park Council No. 1548 was instituted March 5, 1911. The council Historiographer of that active council speaks thus : "Prompted by an eager desire for fraternity, and anxious to promote the ideals and interests of their country, their Church, and their State, the spirit which seems to have animated the minds of a coterie of Catholic gentlemen, in the beautiful vil- lage of Oak Park, is symbolized in the phrase, ' Tlie Crest and Crowning of all good, Life's final star is brotherhood.' "^- For the most part they were fellow parishioners of Ascension Church, and residents of the south side of the Village of Oak Park. Preliminary meetings were held at the homes of some of these men, and the trend of opinion manifested showed them to be of one mind in the choice of an order that would give full scope to their aims and ambitions. Permission was ob- tained in due time for the establishment of the council. The officers who conducted the initiatory ceremonials were the late James Maher, State Deputy ; LeRoy Hackett, State Secretary ; and William N. Brown, President of the Chicago Chapter, assisted by Francis J. Houlihan, Thomas W. Campbell, Finle}' 11. Santa Marie No. 1511 is also a large and activi' council. The nifin- bership April 1, 1921, was 1,005. 12. Quoted by John J. Leonard, Council Historiographer. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 323 F. Bell, Leonard E. Lange, Patrick Ward, James Murray and John ]\IcNulty. The principal officers elected at the first busi- ness meeting were: Grand Knight, John Brennan; Deputy Grand Knight. Henry Spencer ; Chancellor, Louis F. Loughlin ; OAK PARK COUNCIL HOME Financial Secretary, Peter Donlon; Recording Secretary, William F. Bosley ; Treasurer, Albert Winter. Rev. Thomas J. McDevitt was the first chaplain. Affiliation with the Chicago Chapter was affected as early as possible. The council was greatly aided in its work by the constant supervision and help*- ful suggestions of District Deputy John T. McEnery. The council made much of the social side and a very successful minstrel show was given at Ascension Hall in 1913. The caste was drawn from the membership and the performance is still the subject of favorable comment. During the years 1912-1913 the council entered the athletic field, and was represented in 324 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the Knights of Columbus Baseball League by a team that was alwaj^s among the contenders for the championship of the their division. In 1916 the council's meeting' place was removed from Ascension Church Hall to a well equipped coun- cil chamber at 820 Congress street, Oak Park. Then began one of the most progressive periods in the history of the council. ^ss— "J^^ Mm 1 K^. vt |Sk mm ■ yi^M. ^v i \ \ r > D. P. RUSSELL, M. D., Hughes Council GEORGE A. LE BEAU, Tonti Council It fell to the lot of Toal McCullough as Grand Knight to pilot the council through the trying war period. With ranks de- pleted by the enlistment of more than twenty percent of its members, the council was among the first to give a benefit entertainment for the Knights of Columbus war fund. It contributed to and participated in every war activity. In the fall of 1917 work was begun for the acquisition of a council home. The ' ' Oak Park Knights of Columbus Building Associ- ation" was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois, and the capital stock offered to the members. Soon a substan- ILLINOIS COUNCILS 325 tial amount was subscribed, and a splendid site selected and purchased. The war coming on the work on the council home was suspended. It later developed that the building used by the Sisters as a convent and formerly the home of the Ascension Young Men's Club would be vacated in the summer of 1919, and accordingly this building was purchased, the council build- ing site being exchanged as part payment. It is worthy of note that this singular achievement was carried through during the time of the war, and actuall}^ accomplished prior to the signing of the armistice. Within a year after taking over the club house, the council was in position to pay off all outstand- ing debts." 1555 WEST CHICAGO COUNCIL, West Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. T. C. Gaffney Rev. B. C. Heeney Rev. M. J. Fennessey GRAND KNIGHTS— W. L. Wheeler Charles Case Edward W^alsh F. T. McCabe James Carr John Elliott P. T. Kennedy W. T. Carr W. T. Sheahan Felix McFarland Henry Fane M. .\. Dooley John F. Carr West Chicago Council No. 1555 was instituted in West Chicago on March 12, 1911. At the time of insti- tution W. L. Wheeler was elected Grand Knight, and Rev. T. C. Gaffney was selected as chaplain. The council maintains club rooms located at 81-83 West North St., West Chicago. There were 23 members of the council in the service. A schedule of activities shows the council expended for educational purposes $213 ; for religious purposes $155.26 ; for charity $431.67 ; for war welfare work $1,200." 13. From A Memoir published by the council to commemorate the tenth anniversary, revised and brought up to date by J. J. Leonard, Council His- toriographer. 14. West Chicago Council had 184 members on April 1. l!)2l, and must not be judged by the meagre sketch supplied. It is evident from the schedule of expenditures for excellent purposes that it is an effective Council. JOSEPH E. ROY, Santa Marie Council 326 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1567 TONTI COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS — GRAND KNIGHTS— August Warnersson Rev. J. T. McCormlck John C. Gehant Leo A. Murray Rev. E. L. McDonough George C. LeBeau Edward F. Connelly Rev. James F. Ryan William P. Duffy ToNTi Council No. 1567 of Chicago was instituted May 7, 1911. The name of the council does honor to one of the greatest characters in the pioneer history of America.^^ Immediately upon organization Tonti Council became active in all of the work of the Order, and has to its credit many meritorious works. It was the outbreak of the war, however, that brought to the surface the enterprise of the membership. Out of the total of 420 — 165 members — more than one-third, were in the service of their country. The Tonti War Welfare Club was organized to work in conjunction with the Chicago Chapter War Welfare Committee, and not only accomplished this purpose, but through the untiring efforts of Gustave Warnesson, at the time Grand Knight, Nicholas Brettner, President of the Club, Frank Schmidt, George LeBeau, Bernard Majewski, A. J. Kelley, T. B. MaGrath, George McDonough, Leo Murray and others collected its full quota in all the drives, and did its full share in every work. One member, Cassimar Majewski lost his life in the service, and several were wounded.^® 1574 BRATDWOOD COUNCIL, BraJdwood CHAPLAINS— Rev. Lawrence O'Sul- Thomas Kasher Rev. Patrick J. Hen- livan W^illiam B. Higglns nessy ^^ . ^.^^^ T^xTT/-^TTrr.o Rev. P. J. Hennessy Rev. L. Donna GRAND KNIGHTS— m. J. Donna Rev. J. B. Murray Patrick J. Linskey William Corbett Braidwood Council No. 1574 was instituted June 11, 1911. The idea of organizing a council in Braidwood was conceived 15. Henri de Tonti was an Italian by birth, but came to America in his young manhood in the French service attached to Robert Cavalier de LaSalle. In 1680 he became the governor of the Illinois Country, with residence and headquarters on the rock, now known as Starved Rock, where he governed an Indian and French colony for more than twenty years. Of all the laymen who came into the Illinois country in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- turies, Tonti was the greatest. 16. Tonti Council has passed the one thousand mark. On April 1, 1921, there were 1,088 members. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 327 and executed by Rev. Patrick J. Hennessy, formerly a member and promoter of Newman Council, Evanston. He was assisted by M. J. Donna, J. Frank Murphy and John J. Garrity of Joliet Council, and P. J. Linskey, Thomas Kasher and John Murphy of Pontiac Council, Pontiac Council, under the leader- ship of District Deputy E. A. Simmons conferred the first and second degrees, and State Deputy James Maher and a team from Chicago exemplified the major degree. The council filled a long felt want for an organized body to lead in the Catholic work of that community. It rapidly increased in mem- bership and extended to the various towns in the vicinity. Its membership now comprises the leading men in Braidwood, Wilmington, Elwood, Symerton, Custer Park, Bonfield, Essex, Reddick, South Wilmington, Gardner, Brace ville, Torino, Coal City, Diamond, Carbon Hill, Lorenzo and Blodgett. The coun- cil owns a beautiful and suitable hall through the Knights of Columbus Building Association. It is a brick structure with council chamber, club rooms, dining hall and kitchen on the first floor, and theatre and dance hall on the second floor. The principal work of the council has been the promotion of the interests of Catholic Churches in the various parishes where it is established. It claims credit for having expended for edu- cational purposes $2,200; for religious purposes $3,500; for charity $1,700; for war welfare work $1,500; for Liberty Bonds, War Stamps, etc., $4,000." 1580 HIGHLAND COUNCIL, Highland CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— N. C. Baumann. M. D. Rev. J. H. Granke Martin Huber Raymond Spengel Rev. Joseph DeChene Louis Slengel HiGHLAiTO Council No. 1580 was instituted July 9, 1911. The members who took an active part in securing the council were Jacob Schaefer, Carl Metzger and Frank Flaherty, work- 17. Braidwood Council had 293 mombprs on April 1, 1921. 328 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ing under the direction of District Deputy John R. Kellahan of orranite City. At the institution the first and second degrees were exemplified by the officers of East St. Louis Council, and the major degree by District Deputy John R. Kellahan. The principal officers first elected were: Grand Knight, Martin Huber; Deputy Grand Knight, Jacob Schaefer; Financial Secretary, Carl Metzger; Recorder, Henry Grimmer; Treas- urer, Louis Spengel ; Chancellor, William Abbott. Rev. J. H. Gramke was the first chaplain. The meetings of the council were held in St. Paul's Hall, the property of the church. The council has been active and successful; has contributed to religious purposes $300 ; to charity $150 ; to war welfare work $1,700 and for Liberty Bonds and War Stamps $100. The particular form of religious work has been donations to stu- dents who are studying for the priesthood. Besides these items the council has expended about $2,500 at various times toward the maintenance of the Church and its properties, especially St. Paul's Hall.i« 1581 L. A. LAMBERT COUNCIL CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John Doherty Rev. J. A. Rensmann Edward Lawler James Doherty Edward Foster William Bahl Arthur Maloney L. A. Lambert Council No. 1581 of Ridgway was insti- tuted July 30, 1911. Marion Drone was father of Lambert Council, and responsible for its organization. At the time of institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Murphysboro Council, and the major degree was ex- emplified by District Deputy R. J. Hodge of Murphysboro. The principal officers first elected were: Grand Knight, Ed- ward Lawler ; Financial Secretary, Raphael Lawler ; Treasurer, Marion Drone. This council bears a very distinguished name in honor of Rev. Louis A. Lambert, one of the greatest contro- ls. Highland Council had 133 members April 1, 1921. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 329 versialists America has developed. Father Lambert was a writer of distinction on several Catholic periodicals, but gained his greatest renown from his trenchant "Notes on IngersoU." The famous atheist, Robert J. IngersoU, for many years pur- sued an unopposed course of vituperation and vilification of the Christian belief and teaching. He was undoubtedly the most effective blasphemer that ever arose in the New World. His home was in Peoria, Illinois, and the ^liddle West was therefore the chief seat of his nefarious activities. Fortunately for mankind Father Lambert, after discharging the duties of a chaplain with the Union Army was providentially perhaps directed to Illinois, and became for a short time attached to the Church at Cairo. During his brief stay in this region he became well known in all the surrounding territory, and his popularity is commemorated bj^ the name of this council of the Knights of Columbus. His staj'- in Illinois brought him into in- timate knowledge of IngersoU 's scurrilous work and impressed him with the necessity of an exposure of his fallacies and slan- ders. This exposure took the form of the publications called "Notes on IngersoU" which have been spread broadcast, chiefly by Protestant organizations in editions running into the mil- lions. If L. A. Lambert Council shall not accomplish much else it has done well in adopting this name for the purpose of perpetuating the memory of one of the greatest champions of Christianity the country has produced. L. A. Lambert is a small council, and consequently not well calculated to carry on extensive enterprises, nevertheless it has ventured upon a work which is to an extent unique. In each parish in the county the council has each year for three years arranged and assisted in the giving of a Catholic mission. ^^ 19. L. A. Lambert Council had but 61 members April 1, 1921. 330 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1595 NAZARETH COUNCIL, LaGrange CHAPLAINS— Rev. Thomas L. Har- Bernard W. Conlin Rev. Joseph A. Bollmar mon John W. Hayes Rev. Terrence A. Rev. Thomas R. Shew- Louis F. Desmond O'Brien bridge Patrick H. Dillon Rev. William F. Cahill GRAND KNIGHTS— William M. Galvin Rev. Eneas B. Good- Homer J. Buckley Arthur A. Huebsch win James A. McDonald Edward T. Preel Rev. Jules C. Fortin Ulysses Grant Case Robert E. Kinnare Nazareth Council No. 1595 of LaGrange was instituted November 19, 1911. The Council was sponsored by Homer J. Buckley, Past Grand Knight of Feehan Council, Peter J. Simon of Chicago Council, Edward N. Zimmerman of Engle- wood Council, Harry D. James of De LaSalle Council, Michael B. Brislane of Illinois Council, Oscar F. Bourgeois of Mar- quette Council, Ulysses Grant Case, Thomas F. Keating and George J. Holbrook of Hildebrand Council, all of whom were then residents of LaGrange. Preliminary meetings were held in the Hall of St. Francis Xavier School at LaGrange, at which Past State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson and others ex- plained the aims of the Order. The Council was instituted at Fraternity Hall, 17 West Adams street, Chicago, with a charter membership of 93. The District Deputy in charge of the in- stitution was Edward Houlihan, and the degrees w^ere con- ducted by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett, assisted by Francis J. Houlihan. Besides the charter members of Nazareth Coun- cil there were candidates from Oak Park, Father Setters, Hughes, Cardinal and Feehan Councils. The principal offi- cers first elected were : Chaplain, Rev. Terrence A. 'Brien ; Grand Knight, Homer J. Buckley ; Deputy Grand Knight, James A. McDonald ; Chancellor, P. H. Dillon ; Financial Sec- retary, Wm. J. Blaser ; Recorder, Ulysses Grant Case ; Treas- urer, George Marshall Cossitt. The jurisdiction of the Council extends over LaGrange, and the villages of Berwyn, Lyons, Riverside, Hollywood, Brookfield, Congress Park, "Western Springs, Hinsdale and Downers Grove. The Council meetings were first held in Marquette Hall, but are at present held in ILLINOIS COUNCILS 331 Quinn Hall, LaGrange. The Council has associated closely with various other organizations throughout the Chicago suburbs in social, civic and patriotic functions. When the country came into the world war the Grand Knight, Patrick H. Dillon, called the officers and members of the Council to- gether, and within one week collected a sum in excess of $1,000 for welfare work. The first call upon the Council for $3,000 was over-subscribed. The chairman of the drive committee that registered such a success was the late James A. McDonald, Past Grand Knight. The Council Avas also very active in the Red Cross, Salvation Army and United "War Work drives. Forty-six members were in the service during the war, four of them. Sergeant James P. Quinn, Corporal Phillip J. Jacky, Sergeant Frank J. Simon and Private Wm. J. Koenig gave their lives. Nazareth Council is conspicuous for successful Council meetings. Entertainment provided by the lecturers and entertainment committees has always been on the highest order, and sufficiently diversified to attract large attendance.-" 1599 LEMONT COUNCIL, Lemonl CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Harry J. Gerardin Rev. John A. Hemlock William J. Nelson Thomas W. Lynch Rev. F. J. Schiedgen Peter W. Dean Alex Kickles Lemont Council No. 1599 was in.stituted December 10, 1911. The membership was recruited from the three Catholic parishes of Lemont, the pastor of each being a member of the Order. The sponsors for the new Council were Rev. John A. Hemlock, AVilliam Nelson, Gilbert Helbig, Arthur Heinz, James Lynch, Thomas Lynch, Daniel Reidy, William Mulcahy and Walter Lynch. At the institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Santa Marie Council, Chicago, and the major degree by State Deputy James Maher. Upon institution Rev. John A. Hemlock became Chaplain of 20. Ou April 1, 1921, Nazareth Council had a membership of 271. 332 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the Council, and served for two years, and was succeeded by Rev. F. J. Scliiedgen, who has continued in that capacity since. For a period of three years a fiat was rented for use as club rooms, where a reading room, card tables and athletic equip- ment were maintained. Later the club rooms had to be given up. The first notable event given under the auspices of the Council was a home talent vaudeville and entertainment. It was a social as well as a financial success. The annual Easter Monday night ball also has been a distinct social success. When the country came into the world w^ar the Council at once be- came active. Several of the members volunteered for army service. Altogether 24 members saw service. One made the supreme sacrifice, and four were wounded, while several were mentioned for bravery in action. The Council met all the requirements in the several drives, and has been exceptionally prosperous since the war.^^ 1628 BISHOP KETTELER COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Edward B. Brannick Rev. Albert Reisel P. C. Nilles Bishop Ketteler Council No. 1628 of Chicago was insti- tuted on April 21, 1912. Wm. Bender and Joseph Kuhn, both of Chicago Council, and Philip C. Nilles of Marquette Council, were selected as a committee to take up the matter of organizing a new Council in the neighborhood of St. Paul's and St. Pius' churches. The committee visited the then State Deputy, LeRoy Hackett, who directed the present State Deputy Edward Houlihan, then a District Deputy, to look over the field and ascertain if it would be proper to attempt the organization of a Council. Mr. Houlihan made a thorough investigation and reported favorably. On March 23, 1912, a preliminary meeting was called at McCormick's Club House. Philip C. Nilles was selected to act as chairman of the committee on or- 21. Lemont Council had a membership of 213 on April 1, 1921. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 333 ganization with William Bender as Secretary and Joseph P. Kuhn as Treasurer. The Council was instituted on the date above mentioned with a charter membership of 133. At the time of the institution District Deputy Edward Houlihan suggested the propriety of having the candidates receive Holy Communion in a body, and the suggestion was adopted. Upon EDWARD B. BRANNICK, Bishop Ketteler Council JAMES S. KEARNS. LaRabida Council organization the plan of receiving the sacraments before join- ing was adopted, and has been put in practice ever since. At the time of the institution the jfirst degree was exemplified by the officers of Father Setters Council ; the second by the officers of Damen Council, and the major degree by the then State Deputy LeRoy Hackett and staff. From the very outset Bishop Ketteler Council made for itself a reputation for aggressive- ness and progress. Just two months after the date of institu- tion the Council inducted its second class of candidates number- ing 100. In September of the same year a class of 111 was ad- mitterl into Bishop Ketteler Council. This class was the first 334 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS to have a degree exemplified in the then new Chicago Chapter Headquarters at 116 S. Michigan avenue. The entire corps of officers was re-elected at the election in September of that year. District Deputy Houlihan attended all meetings both general and special committee meetings during the first six months of the existence of this council. At the end of the first year the membership numbered 465 ; at the end of the second year the number had reached 618, and at the conclusion of the third year the total of 805 members was listed in the Council roster. This Council had 312 members in the various branches of the war service. Three members of the Council were lost while in the service, two died in battle, one of whom, Lieut. Fred Dockendorff, had previous to his death been cited for bravery, and one died of pneumonia. During the duration of the war moneys otherwise expended for entertainment, ath- letics, etc., were diverted to the Sailors' and Soldiers' Welfare Fund, which was used to care for the comforts of members in the service, and the relief of their dependents. This Council for a number of years assisted in caring for the needy of the community irrespective of their religious belief. At the close of the war the membership totaled 984. The wonderful im- pression made by the Order in its War Work enabled the Coun- cil in the following year to increase the total to 1,537 members. During the year 1920 the Council continued in its activity, to the extent of increasing its membership to a total of 1,898 members. -- 1642 ST. JOSEPH'S COUNCIL, Summit CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— T. J. Mahoney Rev. Thomas P. Bona M. J. Kelly St. Joseph's Council No. 1642 of Summit was instituted May 12, 1912. This Council owes its origin to the efforts of 22. Bishop Ketteler Council has shown both appreciation and wisdom in holding on to good officers. Edward B. Bnuiick has held the office of Grand Knight continuously for ten years, and Father Albert Reisel has been Council Chaplain since the organization of the Council in 1912. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 335 Kev. Thomas P. Bona, at the time of the organization a mem- ber of San Salvador Council, Mr. M. J, Kelly, then of Daniel Dowling Council, District Deputy Samuel E. Cook of San Salvador Council, and Frank Quinn, Financial Secretary of Calumet Council. The institution took place at Market Hall, Pullman, with State Deputy LeRoy Hackett in charge of the major degree. M. J. Kelly was elected Grand Knight and served four terms. He was succeeded by T. J. Mahoney, who has served as Grand Knight continuously to date. Rev. Thomas P. Bona was appointed Chaplain at the institution of the Council, and has continued in that capacity since. St. Joseph 's Council has the distinction of having on its roster the presi- dents of four different villages, viz., E. H. Wilson of Summit, H. B. Kohlar of Willow Springs, Victor Nulabska, Justice and T. J. Mahoney, Clearing. Thirty per cent of the members served in the late war, and all returned safely. The dues and assessments were paid from the general fund for all those who were in the war. The Council has leased a home at 62nd and Archer avenue, Argo. It is affiliated with the Chicago Chapter and although it is scattered over a great area, having members from Congress Park, Willow Springs, Justice, Argo, Summit and the west end of Chicago, it is very active and the attend- ance at meetings is satisfactory.^^ 1650 ST. JAMES COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— George D. J. Griffin, Rev. Hugh McGuire Walter A. Cllnnin M. D. Rev. P W. Dunne Frank Senft George W. Powers Rev. Samuel F. Lucey Charles Blish Harry J. Connelly St. James Council No. 1650 of Chicago was instituted June 2, 1912, The work of organization was under the direct supervision of District Deputy John T. McEnery. The first, second and third degrees were under the direction of the then 23. Had a membership of 110 on April 1, 1921. 336 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS District Deputy, later State Deputy, Edward Houlihan, The charter members of the Council were drawn principally from St. James' Parish in the neighborhood of 29th street and Wabash avenue. The Council held its meetings for a number of years in the parochial school hall at 29th street and S. Wa- bash avenue, but through changing circumstances it was obliged to move several times, and at the present meets at Grand Boulevard Hall, 47th street and Grand Boulevard. The first officers of the Council included Rev. Hugh McGuire as Chaplain, and Walter A. Clinnin as Grand Knight. Father McGuire served the Council for three years, and after his death Rev. Peter W. Dunne became Chaplain, serving four years, when he was succeeded by Rev. Samuel F, Lucey. Suc- ceeding Grand Knights were Frank Senft, Chas. C. Blish, Dr. Geo. D. J. Griffin, Geo. W. Powers and Harry J. Connelly. St. James Council has always taken a very active interest in the educational, religious and charitable work carried on by the Order, contributing its full share of funds when needed or called upon. The Council has always been well represented in athletics and won several trophies on the baseball field. Out of a membership of 325 St. James Council sent 108 to the war, six of whom made the supreme sacrifice and four of whom were decorated or cited. While the members were in the service the council originated the idea of keeping in touch with the boys overseas by having the members at home correspond with them at regular intervals. At the same time the council held several meetings and entertainments for the relatives and friends of those who were serving their country and in this way helped to encourage those who were away from home and to con- sole those who were waiting at home for a son, brother or dear friend. The council also took an active interest in all the wel- fare work, and responded to all the requests for funds.-* 24. With its limitation of territory St. James Council has succeeded well. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 337 1659 GENOA COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. S. Maloney Rev. John B. Scanlon GRAND KNIGHTS— Thomas J. Fullem, Jr. Richard B. Vail Patrick S. Hannagan James J. Thompson Bartley J. Tighe John T. Gallagher Genoa Council No. 1659 of Chicago, was instituted Sep- tember 8, 1912, with a membership of one hundred and eight. The organization and institution were in charge of District GENOA council HOME Deputy John E. Byrnes and the Rev. Cornelius P. Donovan. Thomas J. Fullem, Jr., was elected first Grand Knight in recognition of the splendid efforts he put forth at the organiza- tion of the council. Succeeding him Richard B. Vail, Jr., Patrick S. Hannagan, James J. Thompson, Bartley J. Tighe, and John T. Gallagher, have held the office of Grand Knight. The council made a very creditable showing during the war. 338 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Over one-third of its membership answered the country's call, of whom five were wounded, six were commissioned officers in the army and navy, several were non-commissioned officers, and two members were Knights of Columbus secretaries over- seas. The council purchased $500.00 in Liberty Bonds, and contributed to the war welfare funds. In April, 1917, a lease was entered into of the premises at 7460 South Chicago Ave., Avhich the council occupied with clubrooms as a social and recreational center. This lease was terminated when the coun- cil moved into its present clubhouse. Genoa Council has a habit of doing things a little differently from the conventional. Not that it does not follow the broad lines of approved custom in the guidance of its affairs, or pursue a conservative course in its financial management, but it does not do things in a certain fashion because others do so. It adopts whatever it considers the best. In regard to financing its clubhouse, it departed from the usual method of levying special assessments or soliciting members to subscribe for shares of stock. Its method would not avail in the case of a more ambitious project ; but, considering the extent of its membership, the stringency of the times in which the undertaking was launched, and the council's requirements in the matter of a clubhouse, it has succeeded admirably in its own case. On permission being granted by the Supreme Council to institute an association to acquire a clubhouse, a corporation, not for pecuniary profit, was chartered under the laws of the State of Illinois. Early in the year 1921, a contract was entered into to purchase a large residence standing on 75 feet frontage and well fitted for the purposes of a clubhouse, after slight alterations. The initial payment was made from the council treasury, the balance of the purchase price being spread over a period of nine years, with the option to the association of liquidating the debt within a shorter period. The funds necessary for furnish- ing, decorating and incidental alterations, were partly raised ILLINOIS COUNCILS 339 from entertainments, but the g-reater portion was obtained from contributions from members, who were paid interest at the rate of six per cent per annum, with the privilege of with- drawing their contributions on demand, the association hav- ing also the similar privilege of repaying the same when ad- visable. In the case of large contributions a definite date of repayment was set. The association has repaid the greater part of such contributions, and expects to be able to clear the balance in the near future. The running expenses of the clubhouse are less than the amount expended under the lease of the premises formerly held. For the convenience of mem- bers a branch of the Chicago Public Library is installed in the clubhouse, which is rather a unique distinction among the fraternal society clubhouses. The clubhouse is located at 7524 Kenwood Avenue, Chicago.^^ *o^ 1660 GARCIA MORENO COUNCIL, Harvey CHAPLAINS— Rev.- Joseph J. Farrell Joseph Flaherty Rev. George T. Mc- ^„ . ^.^^^ T^TvTTr-.tjrr.cj Daniel Bradley earthy GRAND KNIGHTS— j j o'Rourke Rev. William D. William B. Powers A. B. Broderick O'Brien James Monroe A. Hilgendorf John Scully Garcia Moreno Council No. 1660 of Harvey was instituted October 6, 1912.-*' The founders of this council were Rev. George T. McCarthy, who later became so distinguished as a war chaplain, William E. Powers, John Keys and William Cairns. When it was made plain to the then State Deputy LeRoy Hackett that Harvey and the surrounding territory was a suitable field permission was granted for the organization of the council. The preliminary work was directed by the late lamented Samuel E. Cook, District Deputy. At the insti- tution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Blue Island, Chicago Heights, San Salvador and Santa Marie 25. Genoa is growing rapidly and on April 1, 1921, had a membership of 404. 26. The Council is named in honor of the South American Liberator and Statesman, Garcia Moreno. 340 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Councils, working jointly. The major degree was exempli- fied by William N. Brown, then President of the Chicago Chapter and later State Deputy, assisted by Joseph Coffy in an important role and other officers of his staff. Of the 61 mem- bers initiated, 41 were insurance members. Thirty transfers from other councils were received and accepted. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, William E. Powers; Deputy Grand Knight, Howard Schultz; Chancellor, James Munro ; Recorder, C. 0. Whalen ; Financial Secretary, H. Hilgendorf; Treasurer, William Horan. Rev. George T. McCarthy was selected as chaplain. The first acti- vities of the council consisted in assisting to raise a fund to build and maintain a parochial school, the members pledging themselves to provide the necessary funds and labor to rebuild and refit the School Hall. Soon after a set of the Catholic En- cyclopedia was presented to Columbus School. During its existence the council has been prompt and generous in aiding the Church. Donations have been made to struggling parishes in the vicinity. When the council was organized bigotry was rife in the neighborhood, and had reached such a pitch that Catholic workingmen were frequently discharged because of their religion. Through the influence of the council and the efforts of the zealous priests this feeling has almost entirely disappeared, and during the war, especially, all citizens worked in harmony. The council affiliated with the Chicago Chapter and co-operated closely with what were called the "far south side" councils. Athletic sports have always been popular in the council. When the war came on the council became very active and from its small membership raised $1,000 as a welfare fund. Committees were appointed to keep in touch with mem- bers in the service through correspondence. All dues and as- sessments of the members in the service were paid from the council fund. Liberty Bonds were purchased and Four- Minute-i\Ien appointed to assist in the various loan drive. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 341 Forty-two members joined the colors and contributed their share in attaining world war victory. The great record of the Council Chaplain, Rev. George T. McCarthy, is eloquently told in other chapters of this work. And the good work of Past Grand Knight William E. Powers as a Knights of Colum- bus Secretary is also alluded to.^' 1678 AUBURN PARK COUNCIL, Auburn Parle CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John T. Rush Rev. John Dufficy George H. McDonald M. A. Dwver Rev. M. J. Roberts J. J. Faith M. A. McDermott H. F. Kenny AuBURN Park Council No. 1678 of Chicago was instituted ^larch 2, 1913. The institution took place at Market Hall, Pullman, the first and second degrees being exemplified by the officers of Calumet, Genoa and Fort Dearborn Councils. The major degree was conferred by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, G. H. McDonald ; Deputy Grand Knight, J. R. 'Connor ; Chancellor, Peter Foley ; Recorder, Thomas 'Don- neU ; Financial Secretary, W. J. McGuinness ; Treasurer, W. J. Cline. Rev. John Dufficy was selected as chaplain. Auburn Park Council is one of the active south side councils; conspic- uous in all the work of the Order. A schedule of its various activities shows that the council has expended for educational purposes $200 ; for religious purposes $500 ; for war welfare work $2,750, and for Liberty Bonds, War Stamps, etc., $2,500. Seventy-one members of the council were in the serivce, one, Frank J. Paynter, gave his life and two, Maurice J. Flynn and Thomas J. Redden, were decorated or cited.-^ 27. On April 1, 1921, Garcia Moreno had ITS mombers. 28. On April 1, 1921, Auburn Park Council had 303 members. 342 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1687 UNIVERSITY COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. David M. John- son, S. J. GRAND KNIGHTS— Joseph P. Rafferty James P. Moynihan Luke Cuniff Thomas Fitzsimmons University Council No. 1687 of Chicago was instituted April 20, 1913. Mr. John J. Carey may be truthfully said to be the father of University Council. The first definite efforts 2 1 - ^ ^ ^^91 ■•11^^." ^ i 1 ^ %y^mS^^^^^^^^B^^^^^k JOSEPH P. RAFFERTY, University Council JOHN T. CONNERY. Marquette Council for a council in the neighborhood of St. Ignatius Church and Loyola University were made on a Sunday morning in 1913 when John J. Carey, chief of the ushers at St. Ignatius Church, then located on Sheridan Road near Devon avenue, accosted Past State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson after the 10 :30 Mass, and counselled with him with reference to the organization of a new council. At Mr. Carey's request, joined in by others, and approved by the pastor. Rev. David M. Johnson, S. J., Mr. Thompson took up the matter with the then State Deputy, ILLINOIS COUNCILS 343 LeRoy Hackett, who agreed to test the necessity for a council by the number of names that could be secured as applicants for membership. Mr. Thompson reported the decision and a committee was formed consisting of ]\Ir. Carey, J\Ir. Thompson. John J. Garrity, James P. jMoynihan and one or two others. Having secured a substantial list of names the situation was reported to the State Deputy, and there being some objections to organizing a new council in the territory occupied by Colum- bus and Ravenswood Councils, a meeting was called at St. Ignatius parochial school hall, at which representatives of Columbus Council maintained that the new applicants should all join Columbus Council. The principal spokesmen for the new council at this meeting were : Frank J. Delaney, James J. Phelau, and Past State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson. As a result of the meeting it was determined to go on with the organi- zation of a new council, and after some preliminary work full arrangements were made for the institution. On the memor- able morning of the institution all of the members of the Order in the neighborhood and all the applicants attended a special High Mass at St. Ignatius Church, celebrated by Rev. David M. Johnson, S. J., and received Holy Communion in a body. At one o'clock p. m., the candidates assembled at Science Hall. Loyola University, where the first degree was exemplified by Adam J. Weckler, Grand Knight of De Soto Council, and Frank J. Davis, Chancellor of Ravenswood Council. The second degree was exemplified by D. A. Cummiugs, Grand Knight of Brownson Council, with the late James ]\Iaher in an imDortant role. The major degree was conferred by William N. Brown, then District Deputy. Columbus Council under the supervision of District Deputies Joseph Hottinger and Edward Houlihan had charge of the degree work, assisted by the officers of Ravenswood and De Soto Councils. During the recess be- tween the second and third degrees the first business meeting of the council was held, and the first business transacted was 344 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IX ILLINOIS the unanimous adoption of a resolution to affiliate with the Chi- cago Chapter, whereupon John M. Rogers and Charles M. O'FarreU were elected delegates to the Chapter. The principal officers selected were Grand Knight Joseph P. Rafferty ; Deputy Grand Knight, Frank J. Delaney; Chancellor, Geo. E. Bran- nan; Financial Secretary. John J. Garrity; Recorder, John J. Cleary, and Treasurer, D. E. Ryan. The naming of the coun- cil brought out some interesting incidents. While it was quite generally considered that '■University'' would be a suitable name, the name of Acqua Viva was proposed by Past State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson, who argued that it was peculiar- ly adaptable to the council in view of its close relationship to the Jesuit Parish and Foundation, since the renowned Claud- ius Acqua Viva was one of the brightest stars in all the Jesuit firmament and also by the reason of the proximity to the great lake, the living waters of which swept the shores of the ver>- territory in which the council was located. The other proposal, University, was thought to be more practical, however, and was selected. Few councils in the order have thrived and prospered in a greater degree than University. A schedule of its activities would require much more space than is available in this work, but it is in order to mention that $1,000 was raised by the council for the building fund of St. Ignatius parochial school. The council has taken a prominent place in every activity of the Order; has fostered religious, charitable and educational works, and boasts an unusual war record.-® It would be unfair to write even a general sketch of L'niversit^" Council without noting its fine record in sports and athletics, which is not^d more fully in the chapter on that subject. The late lamented Judge Joseph P, Rafferty was the first Grand Knight of the University Council, and was re-elected twice. He was suc- ceeded by James P. ^Moynihan, and he by Luke Cuniff. Next in succession was Francis A. MarneU. Thomas F. Fitzsimmons 29. All these facts came tinder the personal knowledge of the author of this work. ILLINOIS COUNXILS 345 was elected Grand Knight at the 1921 election. Rev. David M Johnson, S. J., has been the council chaplain continuously since organization, and the constant friend and wise coun seUor of the council.^** 1691 CARDINAL COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLArS'S— Rev. F. J. Tony Joseph A. Becker Rev. C. A. Erkenswick Alexander McGuire Rev. A. J. Dedera GRAXD KXIGHTs?— James J. Lynch Cardixal Council No. 1691 of Cicero was instituted May 11, 1913.^^ District Deputy Edward Houlihan had charge of the organization. C. F. Graf. R. J. Xowak. A. P. Thielan, J. C. Burg. F. W. Meyer. C. J. O^XeU. H. B. Bennett. J. J. Mc- Grath. C. J. X'owak and ^I. Steinnietz. laymen, and Rev. C. A. Erkenswick. the pastor of St. Dionysius' Church, are given credit for bringing the Knights of Columbus to Cicero. On the morning of the institution the fifty-eight charter members received Holy Communion in a body at St. Dionysius' Church, and at 1 :30 P. M.. congregated in Dewey Hall. Crawford av- enue and Roosevelt Road for the degree work. James Donahoe. former judge of the Municipal Court of Chicago had an im- portant part in the work of the second degree. After the first and second degrees a lunch was served, after which the major degree was exemplified by District Depute- "William X. Brown, then president of the Chicago Chapter, and later State Deputy, assisted bv Henrv J. Lvnch. later State Secretarv. For about two years after the council was organized meetings were held in that part of Cicero known as Hawthorne. The meeting place was later transferred to ^Morton Park. The council has experi- enced a very healthy growth and has been active in all the work of the Order. SixtA'-four niembers were in the service of their country during the war. The council responded to all calls for so. Universitr has b^-come on«» of the large, leading councils, -with a membership on AprU 1. 1921. of 1.311. 31. Cardinal Council was at first caUed Hawthorne Council. 346 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS welfare work and funds and bought $500 worth of Liberty Bonds. A building lot has been purchased, and a home will be built thereon.^- SAMUEL E. COOK, San Salvador Council REV. P. J. HENNESSY, Elmhurst Council 1692 JERSEYVILLE COUNCIL, Jerseyville CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. J. DriscoU GRAND KNIGHTS- Henry A. Shepherd Francis B. Tracy Laurence J. Powers William Tracy Jerseyville Council No. 1692 was instituted June 1, 1913. The men responsible for the organization of the council were Rev. J. J. DriscoU, pastor of St. Francis Xavier's Parish, Dr. F. M. Doyle, and District Deputy J. R. Kelehan. At the 32. On April 1, 1921, Cardinal Council had 480 members. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 347 institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Tri-Cities, E. St. Louis and Alton Councils, the major degree by District Deputy J. R. Kelehan, with William C. Un- thank in a conspicuous role. The charter members numbered sixty-four. The principal officers first elected were: Grand KJnight, Henry A. Shephard ; Deputy Grand Knight, Dr. F. M. Doyle; Chancellor, Dr. F. N. Bray; Financial Secretary, J. J. Fleming; Recorder, Thomas R. Quinn; Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Driscoll. The membership has increased to more than 250 and much has been accomplished in the M'ay of social betterment. On May 30, 1918, nine of the members were advanced to the fourth degree at St. Louis and the fourth degree membership has grown steadily since. Much interest was shown by the council during the late war, and $4,700 was subscribed for welfare work. Eighty-two members were in the service, and one, Matthew Cole- man, was killed in action. Grand Knight Francis B. Tracy was called in the selective draft, and although he had ample ground for exemption he waived all claims and served in a manner pleasing to his superiors.^^ 1703 RIDGE COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS — Rev. P. W. Gallagher P. O. McGuire Rev. R. DeNorus /-o ami-. T^MTr-tn,c ^^^o N. McGlinn Rev. J. J. Green GRAND KNIGHTS— prank N. W^alsh Rev. M. Cavallo John T. Lynch Rev. J. M. Lareau T. J. Claffy Ridge Council No. 1703 of Chicago was instituted October 5, 1913. South of 87th street and west of Ashland avenue, extended, lies a high wooded series of hills known as the Blue Island Ridge. The northern end of this ridge is a high promon- tory famous as a "look-out" and "signal" station in the days when the Indians traversed Chicago as a portage between the lakes and the Illinois river. Up to about 1910 but few Catholic families dwelt in this district. Since that time the number 33. One must wonder at the collection of $4,700 for war welfare work by such a small council. 348 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS has very materially increased. In 1913 it was believed by some that the time was ripe for the institution of a council of the Knights of Columbus along the ridge and so a committee con- sisting of James J. Edgeworth, John T. Lynch, John T. Cowan and Frank Morris set about canvassing the district. As a result of their labors 128 signatures were secured, 34 of whom were members of other councils, but who transferred to Ridge Coun- cil. The organization of the council was in charge of Edward Houlihan, District Deputy. At the institution of the council the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Genoa and San Salvador Councils and the major degree by District Deputy Edward Houlihan and staff. The first years were much the same in Ridge as in other newly organized councils — plenty of good fellowship — and a substantial increase in membership. The new organization attracted attention by the excellence of its degree work. The council has always main- tained a high standard in the observance of duties imposed by the Supreme and State officers. To this may be attributed much of its success. In recognition of successful work the Grand Knight of Ridge Council was appointed a member of a com- mittee of three to report on the necessity of providing for a resident Catholic Chaplain at the University of Illinois. As a result of the work of this committee a Chaplain was appointed by the Rt. Rev. Edmund M. Dunne, Bishop of Peoria, in 1917. The first Grand Knight of Ridge Council was John T. Lynch. His successors to date have been T. J. Claffy, Philip P. Mc- Guire, and Leo N. McGlinn. In the war the army and navy claimed nearly one-third of the membership. One member was killed in battle, two died in camp, and three were severely wounded in action, while practically every member in the serv- ice was gassed. A record of the work of Ridge Council show-, it has expended for educational purposes $350.00 ; for religious purposes $500.00; for charity $500.00; for war welfare work $350.00 ; for Liberty Bonds, War Stamps, etc., $900.00.^* 34. Ridge council accomplished all this with only 276 members. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 349 1704 NEWTON COUNCIL, Newton CHAPLAINS— Rev. J. J. Cronin w. A. Raef Rev. John Molitor „ W v TfranVa Rev. Charles Flori GRAND KNIGHTS- John J Re?s Rev. Joseph P. Mun- J. J. Kaufmann Roy E Stenlev day ■ -^ Newton Council No. 1704 was instituted September 11, 1913. The men who started the movement for a Council in Newton were W. A. Raef, J. J. Kaufmann, Otto Huber, H. A. Faller and J. A. Boos, all members of St. Thomas' Parish, Newton. Dr. George G. Weber, District Deputy, of Olney, Illinois, directed the preliminary work for the organization. At the institution the officers of Effingham Council exemplified the first and second degrees, and State Deputy LeRoy Hackett conferred the third degree. The principal officers elected at the time of the institution were : Grand Knight, W. A. Raef ; Deputy Grand Knight, J. J. Kaufmann ; Financial Secretary, A. J, Kinsel ; Treasurer, J. F. Kaufmann. Rev. John Molitor was selected as Chaplain. The succeeding Grand Knights in their order have been J. J. Kaufmann, "W. A. Raef, W. E. Franke and John J. Reis. Subsequent Chaplains were. Rev. Charles Flori, Rev. Joseph P. Munday, and Rev. J. J. Cronin, Father Munday fell a victim to his zeal as war Chaplain in service at the Great Lakes Training Station, where he con- tracted the influenza from patients to which he ministered dur- ing the epidemic. During the existence of the Council a sum approximating $50.00 per year has been paid for charity and $100.00 per year for educational purposes. Twenty-seven mem- bers of the Council were in the service.^^ 35. See account of Father Munday's labors and death in the Chapter on War Workers. 350 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1712 COLLINSVILLE COUNCIL, CoUinsville CHAPLAINS— Frank Dooner William Hedden Rev. A. M. Jarchke James Purcell Philip Rarrick GRAND KNIGHTS- ^^S"" O^^''^^^^^^" ^- ^- Spalding Daniel Shea CoLLiNSviLLE COUNCIL No. 1712 was instituted October 5, 1913. The two men who took the deepest interest in the organization of the Council were Frank Dooner and Anthony Staten. District Deputy John R. Kelleher, of Granite City, had direction of the preliminary organization. At the time of the institution of the Council the officers of Edwardsville Council exemplified the first degree, and the officers of East St. Louis Council the second. The major degree was conferred by John R. Kelleher, District Deputy, of Granite City. State Deputy LeRoy Hackett was present, directing and assisting in the work. The principal officers elected at the time of in- stitution were : Grand Knight, D. P. Shea ; Deputy Grand Knight, Frank Dooner; Chancellor, August C. Lohmann; Fi- nancial Secretary, D. P. Shea, Jr. ; Treasurer, I. W. Wilshire ; Recorder, William F. Niehaus. Rev. A. M. Jarchke was se- lected as Chaplain. Though a small Council, CoUinsville has taken an active part in all of the work of the Order since it has been instituted, and has given special attention to the dis- tribution of Catholic books and periodicals. The members of the Council were instrumental in the organization of the Red Cross Chapter in the city. Forty-nine members of the Council were in the service and four of these, George W. Ganninger, Bernard T. Rissi, Jolm J, Snadden and Joseph Verneuil gave their lives.^® 36. CoUinsville Council had 165 members on April 1, 1921. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 351 1742 ST. PATRICK'S COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— John J. McAuliffe Rev. John L. O'Donnell Edward P. Gugerty George J. Courtney James L. Devereaux Joseph Savage St. Patrick's Council No. 1742 of Chicago, was instituted May 3, 1914. In January, 1914, Rev. John L. O'Donnell, Assistant Pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Desplaines and Adams Streets, conceived the idea of organizing a Knights of Columbus Council to be composed mostly of members who at- tended St. Patrick's Church, which is now located in the center of a manufacturing district. Father 'Donnell, who was then a member of St. Cyr Day Council called on LeRoy Hackett, State Deputy, and as a result of his visit Mr. Edward Houli- han, District Deputy of the district in which St. Patrick's Church is located, conferred with Father 'Donnell and Rev. William J. McNamee, the Pastor. Several preliminary meet- ings were held, with the result that a Council of 160 members was instituted. St. Patrick's Council has the distinction of having the largest class ever initiated upon the institution of a new Council in Illinois. In keeping with the custom followed by District Deputy Houlihan, each and every member of the Council took his first step towards admission by receiving Holy Communion prior to initiation into the Order. The cere- monials were conducted with great impressiveness in the Drill Hall, seventh floor, 159 North State Street. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Bishop Kette- ler, Sherman and Damen Councils; the third degree was ex- emplified by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett. Mr. Edward F. Gugerty was elected first Grand Knight, and served two terms with great credit to the Council and himself. The office was filled by James L. Devereux, who held the same until Septem- ber 30, 1917 ; John P. McAuliffe then held the office until Sep- tember 30, 1919, and was succeeded by George J. Courtney, who held the office from October 1, 1919, to the present. Since its institution St. Patrick's Council has taken a prominent part 352 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS in all Knights of Columbus athletics and in the year 1916 the team representing the Council won the undisputed Indoor Base- ball Championship of the World. Seventy members of the Council were in the service, and $500.00 was contributed for war welfare work. Rev. John L, 'Donnell who distinguished himself as war Chaplain overseas has been Council Chaplain since organization.'^ to' 1761 HOOPESTON COUNCIL, Hoopeston CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— G. E. Harbert Rev. F. Gahlman Ford Bradley P. D. Roark, Jr. H. H. Roark, Jr. J. H. Hannell John Sloan, Jr. Rev. F. Gahlman Hoopeston Council No. 1761 was instituted September 20, 1914. During the winter of 1913 Rev. F. Gahlman, Pastor of St. Anthony's Church, at Hoopeston, gathered together 27 members of his parish, and accompanied them to Danville, where all were initiated as members of Danville Council. In January, 1914, these new members were given permission to establish a club room in Hoopeston, and became virtually an auxiliary Council to Danville. On September 20, 1914, the membership having increased to 62, a charter was granted and Hoopeston Council was established. Mr. James Boyle of Dan- ville Council aided the Hoopeston members very greatly in getting new members, and securing their charter. The Council is small, not yet having reached 100, but it has always been active in all the work of the Order. When the first call was made for war funds the Council responded with $1,332.25. After this there was established for Grant Township a war workers' fund, to which the members contributed, and which was available for all welfare funds. Rev. F. Gahlman was a member of the Board of Directors of the fund. He was also one of the Four-Minute-Men working in the vicinity. Nineteen of the members were in the service, and two gave their lives. 37. St. Patrick's Council had a membership on April 1, 1921, of 494. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 353 Amongst its works the Council records show that it has paid for religious purposes $25.00; for charity $50.00; for wel- fare work $1,538.60. The men who have served the Council as Grand Knights are Ford Bradley, H. II. Roark, Jr., John KEV. DAVID M. JOHNSON, S. J. University Council REV. F. GAHLMAN, Hoopeston Council Sloan, Jr., G. E. Harbert, P. D. Roark, Jr., and J. M. Hannell. Rev. F. Gahlman has been Chaplain from the time of organ- ization to date,^^ 38. Hoopeston Council hail a nn'mlxTship of 92 on April 1. 1921. 354 KNIGHTS OF COLTOIBUS IN ILLINOIS 1775 UTICA COUNCIL, Utica CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— W. A. Morrissey Rev. James Francis W. J. Maloney E. J. Madden J. J. Sheehy E. P. Conerton Utica Council No. 1775 was instituted January 31, 1915. The preliminary work for the organization of the Council was in charge of District Deputy P. J. Byrne of LaSalle. At the time of the institution the first and second degrees were con- ferred by the officers of Calvert Council, LaSalle, under the direction of P. J. Byrne. The major degree was conferred by State Deputy William N. Brown assisted by P. C. Gibbons and staff. The Council progressed rapidly under the leadership of the first Grand Knight, W. J. Maloney. He was succeeded by J. J. Sheehy, later District Deputy, and he in turn was succeeded by W. A. Morrissey, he by E. J. Madden and he by E. P. Conerton. The Council maintains club rooms located in the center of the business district of Utica, suitably furnished with billiard and pool tables, player piano, victrola and com- fortable lounging rooms. It is of special interest that Utica Council is located in the immediate vicinity of the site where the Catholic Church was established in Illinois. On the 11th of April, 1675, Rev. James Marquette, S. J., with all the solem- nity of which the conditions permitted established the Catholic Church on the plains upon which Utica is now situated, and organized the Mission of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin, which has had continuous existence, and is now located at the new situs of old Kaskaskia in the northern part of Randolph County, Illinois. Utica is also in the immediate vicinity of the rocky promontory now known as Starved Rock, and which was the first settlement place of any permanence in the state of Illinois, and the site of the firet missionary residents — the point where Rev. Claude Jean Allouez, S. J., Rev. Sebas- tian Rale, S. J., Rev. James Gravier, S. J., Rev. Pierre Fran- cois Pinet, S. J., Rev. Julien Bineteau, S. J., and Rev. Pierre Gabriel Marest, S. J., made their abode at various times from ILLINOIS COUNCILS 355 1680 to 1700. The territory is literally hallowed by the foot prints of these holy men, and embraces the birthplace of civili- zation and Christianity in mid-America. Ere long it will be the objective of pious pilgrimages from all over the world. Utica Council though small was well represented in the war. A schedule of its activities includes expenditures for educational purposes $50.00 to the Sisters of Notre Dame ; for war welfare work $2,000.00 ; for Liberty Bonds, War Stamps, etc., $150.00.^^ 1846 ST. PHILLIP NERI COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. P. A. Bird Theodore I. Bourke Rev. William J. Rinsell GRAND KNIGHTS— Gerald Ryan Rev. M. J. Murray George Bohnen Emmett Quinn, M. D. St, Philip Neri Council No. 1846, of Chicago, was insti- tuted June 6, 1916. Theodore Bourke, George Bohnen and Edward Fiddyment were the most active members in promot- ing the organization of the council. At the institution the officers of Calumet Council conferred the initial degree, and the then State Deputy Edward Houlihan exemplified the final degTce. The original officiary included George Bohnen, Theodore Bourke, Gerald Ryan and Emmett Quinn, M. D, St. Philip Neri is one of the most active of the young councils; has accumulated a membership of 450, and as indicating its financial strength is the holder of $2,000 in Liberty Bonds. Sixty-one members of the council were in the service and a very creditable war record was made. 1853 ALLEMAN COUNCIL, Nauvoo CHAPLAINS— Rev. F. O. Cleary Rev. L. C. Tholen Rev. L. C. Tholen r-TjAX-r. w-Mir'WT'Q ^- J- Kimball Rev. L. B. Landreth gka.njj K.iNi(j±iib— William M. Argast L. V. Datin Edward Bollin Alleman Council No. 1853 of Nauvoo, was instituted Sep- tember 29, 1916. For several years a handful of members re- 39. On April 1, 1921, Utica Council had 112 members. 356 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS siding in Nauvoo constituted a sort of auxiliary attached to Gallitziu Council at Fort Madison, Iowa. They maintained a headquarters and were active socially. Finally, the venerable Pastor, Rev. H. J. Reimbold, who had been located in Nauvoo for nearly half a century having died, and the Rt. Rev. Ed- mund M. Dunne, Bishop of Peoria, having sent Rev. L. C. Tholen, a young priest, just ordained, to fill his place. Father Tholen joined the Knights of Columbus, and then set to work to secure the establishment of a Council in Nauvoo. By the date of institution above mentioned 80 applicants had been secured. Among the prominent members assisting in the or- ganization were L. V. Datin, an enterprising merchaiit of Nauvoo, and W. M. Argast, Editor of the Rustler, a weekly paper. At the time of the institution of the Council the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Gallitzin Council, of Fort Madison, Iowa, and the major degree by LeRoy Hackett, State Deputy. The Council takes its name from Rev. John George Alleman, the pioneer priest of the Military Tract, who ministered in Nauvoo as early as 1847. Father Alleman 's memory has been revived by Rev. A. G. Zaiser of Fort Madison, himself the son of a Methodist minis- ter, but for long years a devout priest, and has been made widely known by Rev. J. B. Culemans, of Moline, through a life and appreciation of Father Alleman published in the Illi- nois Catholic Historical Review. Besides introducing religion all through the Military Tract of Illinois and the eastern end of Iowa, Father Alleman taught agriculture. It was he that introduced the cultivation of grapes in western Illinois and at Nauvoo, where there are now hundreds of acres of vines cul- tivated." Alleman Council prizes a gavel presented to it by Father Zaiser made from the wood of a pear tree planted by Father Alleman in the year 1847. Alleman Council is conspicu- ous for its activity. On Easter Sunday and Christmas day an- 40. See Life and Labors of Father Alleman in Illinois Catholic Historical Review. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 357 nually the members in large numbers receive Holy Communion in a body. As to church work, the Pastor need but make a re- quest and the members fulfill it. As to fraternity, its practice has been exemplified many times when the members have gone to the com fields of afflicted brothers and harvested their crops. It is an apostolic Council, spreading the fame of the Order all about. It has an auxiliary at Warsaw with 30 membere, and is projecting another at Carthage. Although Nauvoo has but 1,200 population ; has no railroad, and no factories, it supports a Benedictine girls' college, and Nauvoo Council assists the in- stitution in every way possible. At the Catholic Bazaar held in 1920 the Council presented a Ford touring car, which netted the fund $2,000. The members of the Council wired the beau- tiful church in Nauvoo for electricity and supplied the neces- sary lighting fixtures. It is assisting the Pastor in establish- ing a $20,000 free Catholic school fund, the earnings of which are to be applied to all the Catholic schools, including a com- mercial college. The Council maintains well equipped club rooms. Sixteen of the members were in the service, two of whom were killed in action, and the Council besides meeting all other calls and obligations subscribed for $1,000 of Liberty Bonds during the war period.*^ 1899 ST. FRANCIS XAVIER COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Francis T. Borrelli Rev. Francis X. Breen, James J. Marzano Guy C. Grapple S. J. Ellidor Libonati St. Francis Xavier Council No. 1899 was instituted April 29, 1918. The men responsible for the organization of St. Francis Xavier Council are Kev. Francis Xavier Breen, S. J., and Edward Houlihan, the present State Deputy. On the day of institution every candidate conformed to the rule estab- 41. Nauvoo is one of the most romantic points in the Mississippi Valley. It was founded in 1840 by the Mormons and was the seat of the "Saints" for six years. After the Mormons were expelled the place was settled by a colony of French Icarians. 358 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS lished by District Deputy Houlihan, and received Holy Com- munion at the 8 o'clock Mass at Holy Family Church. The postulants numbered over 150 and Rev. Francis Xavier Breen, S. J., officiated. The degree work took place at the Masonic Temple. The first degree was conferred at 10:30 A. M., by REV. FRANCIS XAVIER BREEN, HON. FRANCIS P. BORRELLI S. J., St. Francis Xavier Council St. Francis Xavier Council Grand Knight Edward B. Branick of Bishop Ketteler Council, with Deputy Grand Knight Frank N. Wohlleber and Chan- cellor Alexander C. Birren, both of De Soto Council, assisting. The second degree was in charge of William J, Cleary of Engle- wood Council, assisted by Chancellor John W. Quinlan of Americus Council, and Hon. James Donahoe, Judge of the ILLINOIS COUNCILS 359 Municipal Court, District Deputy. Owing to the large number the candidates were divided into two classes for the exemplifica tion of the third degree, one being inducted at 2 :30 in the after- noon, and the other in the evening at 8 o'clock. The afternoon exemplification was conducted by District Deputy Petar C. Hoey, and that in the evening by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett. Ninety per cent of the membership of the Council at the time of institution were of Italian parentage, and members of Holy Family Church. The principal officers elected at the institu- tion were: Chaplain, Rev. Francis Xavier Breen, S. J,; Grand Knight, J. P. Marzano ; Deputy Grand Knight, Joseph Guido; Chancellor, Guy C. Grapple; Advocate, Francis Borelli. Since organization the Council has been active in all the work of the Order. During the first year the Council gave a dancing party at the Ashland Boulevard Auditorium. The undertak- ing was a decided success. Over 2,000 attended and refresh- ments, including frappe and ice cream were served free. A rather unique outing was given by the Council at Glenwood Park during the first year of the Council's existence, the outstanding feature of which was a barbecue. At the end of the first year the membership numbered 455, and the Council was in possession of a treasury balance of $2,856.29. Much of the success of the Council is attributable to the painstaking efforts of the Chaplain, Father Breen, and the ability and energy of the officers, especially Grand Knight J. P. Marzano, Francis Borelli and the present Grand Knight, Guy C. Grapple, who, before his election as Grand Knight, was Chancellor and Recorder. Although the Council was instituted after the United States came into the world war it contributed mate- rially, both men and means, to the great struggle. More than 100 of the members of the Council entered the service of the United States, two of them were decorated for bravery. One of these, Captain Ralph Villano of Company G, 131st Infantry, 33d Division, was on the 10th of August, 1918, surrounded 360 KNIGHTS OF COLmiBUS IN ILLINOIS by Germans, but held his attackers at bay until his ammuni- tion was exhausted. He then secured more ammunition, and held off the attackers for two hours longer, but was finally captured. For his gallant conduct he was awarded the Distin- guished Service Cross. Private Louis Cecilia also was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and also the Croix de Guerre. Michael E. Libonati, a young Chicago attorney, became a Knights of Columbus overseas secretary, and died of influenza while in the service, in Wolferdinge. Luxemburg, on March 20. 1919. Attention is directed to the roll of honor published elsewhere in this volume, which as will be seen contains none but Italian names. The present Grand Knight, Captain Guy C. Grapple, contributed to the honors which Francis Xavier Council won during the war period by his eminently successful work a.s educational director for the Southern Department of Knights of Columbus War Activities, and especially through his establishment and conduct of law classes at Kelly Field. where the first law school established during the war was or- ganized by Captain Grapple. L'nder the leadership of its very able and energetic Chaplain, Father Francis Xavier Brecn, S. J., the Council is successfully coping with influences which have proven baneful amongst our adopted citizens by diverting them from the practice of their Faith. Not only through the Council meetings and by direct contact with the members and eligibles, but also by means of a Council organ ' ' The Xavier. ' ' of which Father Breen is the editor, is a healthful and effec- tive propaganda carried on. Qualified observers voice tlie opinion that the effect of the establishment of St. Francis Xavier Council has been very beneficial.^- 42. On April 1, 1921. St. Francis Xavier Conncil had 7.3.5 members. ILLINOIS COUNXILS 361 1911 ELMHLRST COUNCIL, Elmhurst CHAPLAIXS— GRAXD KXIGHTS— C. J. Rvan Rev. David McDonald V. yi. Oilier Peter Burr A. L. Specht Elmhurst CofxciL No. 1911 was instituted June 16, 1918. The movement for a Council in Elmhurst was inaugurated by Rev. D. L. McDonald. In April, 1918. State Deputy Ed- ward Houlihan sent a representative to Elmhurst and the organization progressed rapidly. At the time of institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Father Setters Council, and the major degree by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. Elmhuret is a small Council. It be- gan with 50 members, and now numbei*s 112. The members are scattered over a large territory, and the Council labors under numerous difficulties. It has been of assistance in acquiring Church property and in helping to raise funds for the erection of a new Catholic school in Elmhurst. The first officers of the Council were Eev. D. L. McDonald. Chaplain : V. M. OUier. Grand Knight ; John ^M. "SVolf , Deputy Grand Knight : George W. Leonard. Chancellor ; Michael L. Murphy. Recorder : Leo M. Strelka. Financial Secretary: and Frank P. Hunt- shaw. Treasurer.*^ 1912 ST. MARYS COUNCIL. Delavan CHAPLAIXS— GR-\XD KXIGHTS — Frank W. Wallers Rev. W. J. Burke F. R. Foster James F. Ryan St. Mary's Couxcil No. 1912, of Delavan. was instituted June 23, 1918. The committee having charge of the organiza- tion comprised John Gabbett, Jr., F. R. Foster. James F. Ryan. W. E. Rvan. P. L. Haves. J. J. Utz and Rev. W. J. Burke. At the time of institution the first and second degrees were ex- emplified by the officers of Spalding Council, Peoria, under 43. A change of pastors has brought Rev. P. J. Hennessy. so active in Newman and Bfaidwood Councils, to Elmhurst. 362 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the direction of James J. Bartley. The major degree was con- ferred by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. There were 80 charter members. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were: Grand Knight, F. R. Foster; Deputy Grand Knight, Frank Walters ; Chancellor, C. C. Reardon ; Financial Secretary, James F. Ryan; Recorder, W. E. Ryan; Treasurer, Joseph J. Utz; Chaplain, Rev. W. J. Burke. The Council just begun its existence during the war, but took part in all the war work, responding to requests for contributions in the same manner as the older Councils, and though it came into the Order late, 20 of its 80 charter members were in the service, one of whom gave up his life. All members in the service were kept in good standing by the Council until their return.** 1949 FRANKLIN PARK COUNCIL, Franklin Park CHAPLINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Julius Wischnia Rev. Li. P. Hurkmans A. F. Lange Franklin Park Council No. 1949 was instituted April 20, 1919. The institution of the Council was brought about by Rev. L. P. Hurkmans, with the assistance of A. J. 'Keef e and A. F. Lange. Upon application for permission to organ- ize District Deputy John J. Gorman was placed in charge by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. The first and second de- grees were exemplified by the officers of General Sherman and Washington Councils, and the major degree by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. In the short time that the Council has existed its charitable work has been confined mainly to help- ing poor families in the neighborhood during the Christmas Holidays, at which time several baskets of groceries and meats were distributed. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were : Grand Knight, A. F. Lange ; Deputy Grand 44. St. Mary's is a progressive council. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 363 Knight, A. J. O'Keefe; Chancellor, A. D. Little; Financial Secretary, J. J. Didier; Recorder, B. E. McEvoy; Treasurer, John T. O'Connell. Rev. L. P. Hurkmans was selected as Chaplain.*^ 1952 EVANSVILLE COUNCIL, Evansville CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— V. H. Lang Rev. J. B. Schlotmann C. D. Paulter EvANS\aLLE Council No. 1952 was instituted April 27, 1919. C. D. Paulter, V. H. Lang and F. B. Wolff are respon- sible for the organization of Evansville Council. Having ob- tained permission from State Deputy Edward Houlihan of Chicago, and District Deputy John R. Kelehan of Granite City, these gentlemen set about the task of organizing a new Council. In a short time they had gathered together a sufS- cient number of qualified Catholic men to make application to the Supreme Council for a charter, and on the appointed day of institution the first degree was conferred by officers of Waterloo Council and the second degree by the officers of Murphy sboro Council. The third degree was exemplified by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. At the first regular meeting, w^hich was held at the Knights of Columbus Hall, in recognition of the valuable services they had rendered, C. D. Paulter was elected Grand Knight ; Frank B. Wolff was elected Deputy Grand Knight, and V. H. Lang was appointed Lec- turer. The Council was successful from the beginning, and from the 69 charter members had grown in less than a year to 106, although there are but 700 people in Evansville. V. H. Lang succeeded Paulter as Grand Knight. This small Council maintains comfortable club rooms, open to the members and to boys between 16 and 18 years of age. The club rooms are equipped with a pool table, card tables and piano. The Council approaches Holy Communion in a body quarterly. In the 45. On April 1, 1921, Franklin Park Coiinoil had SO m<'nil)ors. 364 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS short time of its existence the council has expended $40.00 for charitable purposes. Rev. J. B. Schlotmann has been Council Chaplain since the founding of the Council. Al- though Evansville Council was not organized until after the close of the war the Knights of Columbus residing in Evans- ville took an active part in the war welfare work. C. D. Paulter, V. H. Lang, M. M. Gross, Emil Zipf el, R. L. Finley and J. 0. Beiter conducted the Knights of Columbus war drive of the Evansville congregation, with the valuable assistance of Rev. J. B. Schlotmann and other members of the congregation. The drive netted $250.00.*" 1981 PINTA COUNCIL, Riverdale CHAPLAINS— Rev. A. Liebreicht GRAND KNIGHTS— Rev. H. M. Franz William A. Reich PiNTA Council No. 1981 of Riverdale, was instituted June 22, 1919. The Council owes its origin to W. A. Reich, formerly a member and treasurer of Fort Dearborn Council. The pre- liminary organization was in charge of the late Samuel E. Cook, District Deputy, assisted by Frank Quinn, former finan- cial Secretary of Calumet Council. The first and second de- grees were conferred by the officers of Calumet Council, and the major degree by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. The charter members numbered 68. The principal officers elected at the institution were W. A. Reich, Grand Knight ; Albert J. ]\Iiller, Deputy Grand Knight; E. J. Schumann, Chancellor; Frank Stieman, Treasurer; E. Schultes, Financial Secretary; and J. Berschinski, Recorder. Rev. H. M. Frantz was the first Council Chaplain, and he has been succeeded by Rev. A. Liebreicht.*" 46. On April 1, 1921, Evansville Council had 159 members. 47. On April 1, 1921, Pinta Council had 135 members. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 365 1996 CARROLLTON COUNCIL, Carrollton CHAPLAINS— Rev. Thomas F. Cusack Frank P. McDonough rIv." Miiha^el Shely GRAND KNIGHTS- Thomas H. Carmody Carrollton Council No. 1996 was instituted June 15, 1919. The following account of Carrollton Council by Thomas H. Carmody is interesting- as illustrating just the manner in which a Council of the Knights of Columbus may be organized and conducted : Carrollton Council is new, was instituted June 15th, 1919. We had 102 candidates, about 62 of whom were insurance members. There were about forty or fifty members here be- longing to neighboring councils. I talked to some of them and showed them where we could rent a suitable place for our meet- ings for less than we were sending out of town for our dues. I took the matter up with the Supreme Secretary and he re- ferred me to the State Deputy and after getting permission to start a Council, I got the following brothers to assist me in the work: William S. Carmody, B. F. Smith, Charles P. Casey, F. P. McDonough, Harry W. Bowie, George F. Geers, Henry B, Naber, John Pohlman, John G. Pranger, William McCully and a few more. We soon got the required number of candi- dates and arranged for the big day. We secured the Carlin- ville team to put on the first and second degree and Brother Jno. J. Ferry, District Deputy of Jacksonville, conferred the third degree. A large delegation had a special train from Carlinville Council. Many from Jerseyville, Jacksonville and Kampsville came in autos. We met at the Foresters' Hall and marched to St. John's Church in a body, where seats were reserved for the candidates and members. Rev. E. J. Douglas delivered a sermon on Knighthood. After Mass was over a fine dinner was served by the Catholic Ladies' Improvement Club. The degree work began about 1 :30 P. M. and after the initiation a banquet was given by the Catholic Ladies' Im- 366 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS provement Club. Everybody enjoyed the entire day and the ladies were praised for their generous assistance. At the banquet addresses were given as follows : Address of Welcome, Hon, Norman L. Jones of Carrollton, 111., Circuit Judge. Toastmaster, Hon. James Murphy, Carlinville. Addresses: Hon. James M. Graham, Springfield; John Butler, Jackson- ville ; G. G. Reardon, Jerseyville, and Rev. M. J. 'Mullane, of Michael, Illinois. It was a day that will be long remembered in our city. There were several of the men now members that were in the service, but the armistice was signed before we instituted our Council here and the brothers that were mem- bers during the war belonged to different Councils. George F. Geers, James Dinsworth, Edward Gehlhausen, Andrew Vaughn, Frank Zipprich (foreign service), at the time were members of Carlinville Council. Others were Joseph March, Antone Schnelten, David Carmody, Daniel Carmody, John Sethaler, Frank Siemer, Clement Dunsworth, Herman Schnelten. The last named died in Camp Taylor and was brought here for burial. Neighboring Councils attended the funeral in a body. We now have over 200 members in our Council.*^ The financial condition of the council is quite healthy. It holds $3,000 in Victory Bonds, and a substantial cash balance. Thomas H. and William S. Carmody, brothers, have been very substantial friends of the council. In 1921 the Carmody brothers bought a building in the most favorable location in the city, being on the public square and fronting Main Street and the State Hard Road, where they conduct a clothing busi- ness, and where they have leased the upper floor to the council on a long lease at a nominal rental of $50.00 a year. This gives the council the advantage of good club rooms, which have been equipped with every facility for club purposes. 4S. This council is .1 good illiistratiou of the possibilities of the Order. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 367 2034 ST. RITA COUNCIL, Chicago CHAPLAINS— Rev. James F. Green, LL. D. Rev. James P. Brice, O. S. A. GRAND KNIGHTS— Brendan M. O'Connell John C. Green, M. D. St. Rita Council No. 2034 of Chicago was instituted Sep- tember 21, 1919. District Deputy John F. Bolton was assigned BRENDAN M. O'CONNELL. St. Rita Council REV. JAMES P. GREEN. LL.D.. O. S. A., by State Deputy Edward Houlihan to "the pleasant duty of officially organizing the new Council." In the spring of 1919 the actual work was begun by Brendan M. O'Connell, Cashier of the Marquette Park State Bank. Mr. O'Connell was at the time a member of Father Perez Council, holding the office of advocate. He had the assistance and co-operation of John H. Walsh and Veiy Rev. James F. Green, LL. D., 0. S. A., both members of Englewood Council; John Leber of 368 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Bishop Ketteler Council, George F. Larkiu, Frank Trauscht and Louis P. O'Connell of Father Perez Council, and Dr. N. J. Schilz. As a part of the program of institution the applicants were required to attend Holy Communion in a body at St. Rita's Church, 62nd street and Washtenaw avenue. The first and second degrees were conferred at Englewood Club House by the officers of Englewood Council. The major de- gree was conferred by State Deputy Edward Houlihan in the presence of an unusually large concourse of visitors, and was conspicuously successful. Breakfast and dinner were made a part of the exercises. In recognition of their very valuable work Brendan M. O'Connell was elected the first Grand Knight; John H. Walsh was elected Financial Secretary and Very Rev. James F. Green, LL. D., 0. S. A., was selected as Chaplain. George F. Larkin was elected Recorder and Frank Trauscht was appointed Council scribe. The Council has ex- perienced a phenomenal growth and has been unusually active. Meetings are attended by fifty per cent of the members. The lecturer's program is carried out in accordance with high standards. Four scholarships are provided for in St. Rita's Col- lege. One hundred dollars has been expended for charitable purposes, and the Council contributed to the Irish Relief Fund. Rev. J. P. Brice, 0. S. A., succeeded Father Green as Council Chaplain, and Dr. John C. Green succeeded as Grand Knight.*^ 2076 GILLESPIE COUNCIL, Gillespie CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— W. E. Cavanaugh Rev. John Crosson Michael J. Burns Gillespie Council No. 2076 was instituted January 4, 1920, under the supervision of District Deputy Joseph B. Cri- vello of Alton. At the institution the first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Alton Council, and the major 49. St. Rita Council had .517 members on April 1, 1921. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 369 degree by District Deputy John J. Ferry and staff of Jackson- ville. Members from Morrisonville, Alton, Edwardsville, and Litchfield Councils were present and assisted. ^I. J. Burns was elected Grand Knight at the time of the institution of the Council, and has been twice re-elected. The Council became active immediately upon organization and became conspicuous in athletics on account of a Baseball tournament, conducted by it. In the Council chamber a number of interesting debates were arranged. A creditable observance of Columbus Day. 1920, was managed by the Council, and a minstrel show, the cast of which was selected from each of the religious denom- inations of the town, was particularly notable. The Council officers acting in the capacity of a degree staff have conferred the first and second degrees at home and also at Alton and Yirden. Eev. John Crossin is Chaplain of the Council, and has taken a very active interest in all its work ever since its organization. ■''° 2090 MENDOTA COUNCIL, Mendota CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Joseph L. Zolpher Rev. V. O'Brien Rev. V. O'Brien E. J. Marmion Mendota Council No. 2090 was instituted February 1. 1920, at LaSalle, Illinois, there being no suitable hall available at Mendota. The Council was the result of the untiring efforts of Kev. Vincent O'Brien, aided by Otto EUingen, James Egan, W. T, Cavanaugh and J. P. Schmitt. At the institution, Cal- vert Council of LaSalle conferred the first and second degrees. and District Deputy John E. Cooney and staff of Chicago ex- emplified the major degree. The principal officers elected at the time of institution were Grand Knight Rev. Vincent O'Brien; Deputy Grand Knight Wm. E. Cavanaugh; Chancel- lor John W. Dubbs ; Advocate Joseph L. Zolpher ; Recording Secretary 0. J. Elliugen ; Financial Secretary A. A. Landgraf ; .50. On April 1. 1921, Gillespie Council had 132 members. 370 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Treasurer Paul E. Stenger; Trustees Wm. Phelan, B. J. Zol- pher and James Egan. Mendota Council has responded to all calls for religious and charitable contributions, and at the present time is considering plans to care for the young Catho- lic boys of school age by forming athletic and recreational clubs to prevent them from forming the habit of spending their leisure time in pool rooms and on the street corners.^^ 2120 TAYLORVILLE COUNCIL, Taylorville CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— R. W. Doyle Rev. J. J. Corcoran T. J. Cunningham Taylorville Council No. 2120 was instituted April 11, 1920, with a membership of 115, about 40 of whom transferred from Morrisonville Council. The organization of the Council was a direct result of the assignment of Rev. J. J. Corcoran to the pastorate of St. Mary's Church, Taylorville. There had been a desire for a Council among those residents of Taylor- ville and vicinity, who held membership in the Order, and Father Corcoran encouraged the movement. Immediately on his arrival in Taylorville Father Corcoran called a meeting of the men of the congregation, at which it was decided to take steps to organize a Council of the Knights of Columbus. All the Taylorville members of the Order were active in the pre- liminary work. The actual organization was in charge of T. J. Cunningham, District Deputy. The first and second degrees were conferred by the officers of Morrisonville Council and the third by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. The officers elected at the time of institution were: T. J. Cunningham, Grand Knight; Henry Biermann, Deputy Grand Knight; Frank Curtin, Financial Secretary; Walter Albright, Re- corder; John L. Spalding, Wm. P. Eichelberger and John E. Larkin, Trustees. On July 1, 1921, the Council took posses- sion of new quarters, including the second and third floors oi 51. On April 1, 1921, Mendota Council had 159 members. ILLINOIS COUNCILS 371 the Elk Theater building on a five-year lease, where commodi- ous club rooms are maintained/'- 2164 HERRIN COUNCIL, Herrin CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Rev. E. Senese William Bresnan Herrin Council No. 2164 was instituted June 20, 1920. District Deputy Dr. C. L. Weber of Cairo directed the pre- liminary work, which was in charge of a local committee con- sisting of Finley Button, Eugene Acton, Peter Boland, Vin- cent Rancillio, John A. Purcellio, Guy N. Pfeiffer, Jeremiah Paladino, Ceacer Oldana, Wm. Bresnan, A. 0. Pearson and Rev. E. Senese. At the time of institution the first and sec- ond degrees were conferred by the officers of Murphysboro Council, and the major degree by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. The Council is just getting under way, and has made an attempt to organize an Americanization School. On the appeal for aid for the sufferers in Ireland, $500.00 was contributed. The present Grand Knight is Wm. Bresnan and the Chaplain, Rev. E. Senese. 2189 NOKOMIS COUNCIL, Nokomis CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Rev. S. Johannes Fred W. Ernst Nokomis Council No. 2189 was instituted September 19, 1920, The Council is a direct result of the efforts of Mr, Fred W. Ernst, who had been trying for a long period of time to secure a Council. At the institution the first and sec- ond degrees were conferred by the officers of Morrisonville Council, and the major degree by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. Mr, Thomas J. Cunningham, District Deputy, was in charge of the organization. Rev. C. Johannes became Chap- 52. Many older and larger councils are without club rooms. 372 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS lain of the Council and under his guidance, in co-operation with the officers, the Council has met with unusual success. The promoters of the Council aver that they desired to organ- ize a Council in Nokomis twenty years ago, but being a small place and in a restricted field the superior officers were disin- clined to grant permission. The Council is now well under way with Fred W. Ernst, the Grand Knight ; Victor C. Singler, Deputy Grand Knight ; Joseph Stauder, Financial Secretary ; Leo L. Neismann, Recorder; Joseph Welsch, Treasurer; and Rev. C. Johannes, Chaplain. 2198 BATAVIA COUNCIL, Batavia CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Rev. Daniel Lehavne Hugh J. Mair Batavia Council No. 2191 was institvited October 11, 1920. For some time prior to the spring of 1920, all efforts to organize a local Council in Batavia, by members of the Order, belonging to various Councils throughout the State, had met with only indifferent success. In March of that year, a determined drive was put on for the formation of a Council. An organization known as the Columbus Club was formed, all Catholic men of the vicinity being invited to join. The work of the Club was effective, and very soon a crowd of determined men were clam- oring for a charter. These men met and overcame every diffi- culty common to the organization of a Council, and finally the end was attained. On October 11th, 1920, District Deputy Oliver J. Gibbs, with a team from Aurora Council, conferred first and second degrees upon a class of sixty. On the Sunday following. State Deputy Edward Houlihan exemplified the third degree, which was followed by the first annual banquet. This Council has been organized in a Parish of about one hun- dred twenty-five families. It has rented very convenient quar- ters, in which it has furnished a very fine Council chamber, club rooms and a Catholic parish library. Though small in ILLINOIS COUNCILS 373 numbers, every individual member is willing. The Council was not organized at the time of the war, but the Parish had approximately forty men in the service, of whom over two- thirds are now members of the Order. The officers are as fol- lows: Chaplain, Kev. Daniel Lehane; Grand Knight, Hugh J. Mair; Deputy Grand Knight, Albert M. Warner; Chanr^el- lor, William J. Corrigan; Financial Secretary, Walter J. Stephano ; Recording Secretary, Albert Kelly ; Treasurer, Alvin H. Collins; Lecturer, Albert Apps; Warden, Thomas E. Kelleher; Advocate, John F. Petit; Inside Guard, Andrew Connolley, Jr. ; Outside Guard, Edwin Quinn. Trustees : Peter Petit, Anthony M. Kames and Luke McGary. 2199 STAUNTON COUNCIL, Staunton CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— Rev. J. A. Duval P. Reuter Staunton Council No. 2197 was instituted February 25, 1921, as a result of the efforts of a committee consisting of R. Reuter, Chairman ; Wm. J. Brennan, J. 0. Aschbacher, Henry Peters, Rev. J. A. Duval, Jacob Rudolph and George Lorson, under the direction of Joseph B. Crivello, District Deputy. The officers of Litchfield Council conferred the first degree and the officers of Alton Council the second. The major degree was exemplified by State Deputy Edward Houlihan and staff. The officers elected at the institution of the Council were : Grand Knight, R. Reuter ; Deputy Grand Knight, Wm. J. Brennan ; Financial Secretary, J. 0. Aschbacher ; Recorder, E. D. Fischer; Chancellor, A. H. Schmit; Warden, George Lorson ; Inner Guard, Henry Peters ; Outer Guard, Wm. Furt- kamp. Trustees : J. N. Coerver, William Krug, Frank Yauor- nik ; Lecturer, Ben Lorson ; Advocate, J. W. Rizzie, and Chap- lain, Rev. J. A. Duval. The Council donated to St. Michael's Church, $500.00. A Christmas package was given to each of the children of St. Michael's School. The Council took an 374 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS active part in the institution of Virden Council and exempli- fied the first degree there. 3000 VIRDEN COUNCIL, Virden CHAPLAINS— GRAND KNIGHTS— James O'Brien Rev. P. H, Masterson George M. Miller ViRDEN Council No. 2321 was instituted October 16, 1921. George M. Miller started the movement that resulted in the organization of Virden Council. In the preliminary work he was assisted by Peter F. Mack of Carlinville Council, and District Deputy John J. Ferry of Jacksonville. Officers from Carlinville, Staunton, and Gillespie Councils assisted at the institution, the newly organized Staunton Council conferring the first degree. The major degree was conferred by State Deputy Edward Houlihan and staff. The principal officers elected at the institution were: Grand Knight, George M. Miller; Deputy Grand Knight, Latsy Operchak; Financial Secretary, Bernard 'Brien ; Recorder, William Perks ; Treas- urer, James H. Murphy ; Chancellor, Harold Summers ; Advo- cate, W. G. Keller; Warden, Paul Langheim; Inner Guard, Lewis Sholtis; Outer Guard, Charles McWliinnie; Trustees, Andrew F. Brennan, Joseph Lenord, William McCready, Sr. The Council starts out with a membership of 90. CHAPTER IX THE ILIilNOIS STATE COUNCIL The constitution of the Order provides that "When three or more subordinate councils in good standing exist with an aggregate membership of foui hundred in any state, district, territory or country, a state council shall be organized."- Accordingly, after the organization of the first four coun- cils, Chicago, Marquette, Englewood and De LaSalle, and the acquisition of more than four hundred niembevs, steps were taken to organize a state council. The State Council of Illinois was instituted at Chicago in February, 189S. Under the laws the state council consists of a Grand Knight and a Past Grand Knight from each subordinate council. New councils not having Past Grand Knights are em- powered to elect a member in good standing in lieu thereof, as a representative of the council.^ Under the organization of the state council, Thomas S. Keirnan, who had theretofore been Territorial Deputy, was elected State Deputy, and served until the State Convention of 1899.3 Having a state council and being entitled to representation in the National Council, as it was then called — later the name National as applied to that body, the officers and the conven- tion, was changed to Supreme — Illinois began to assume a po- sition of importance. The membership was growing rapidly, too, and new men were coming into prominence. 1. Constitution of Supreme Council, Chapter II, Sec. 11. 2. Ih., Sec. 12. 3. See details of Keirnan's status, Chapter VI. 375 376 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS irulvin H. Sj'kes Studio EDWARD HOULIHAN. State Deputy ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 377 Amongst those who developed popularity was Patrick L. McArdle. Mr. McArdle was a man of splendid endowments, liberal education, and a lawyer of marked ability. He became a member of the Order through Chicago Council, and at once rose to prominence. As has been seen he was chairman of the committee that organized De LaSalle Council, and became Grand Knight of that council. At the second state convention, held at Chicago in 1899, Mr. McArdle was elected State Deputy, and with his election began the great development of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois.* The new State Deputy was a remarkable man in many respects — polished, a scholar and an orator. Fired with the enthusiasm which is the natural consequence of induction to the Order, his ability and talents lent themselves to most effec- tive effort. Competent critics who have witnessed the degree work by almost all of the men who ever were notably success- ful in such work, maintain that Past State Deputy McArdle was the greatest exponent of the third degree the Order has produced. Mr. McArdle held the office of State Deputy from May 3, 1899, to May 3, 1904. During his incumbency as State Deputy he was elected to the Supreme Board of Directors; next in 1903 as Deputy Supreme Knight and in 1905 as National Advocate, in which capacity he served until 1907. In that office Mr. McArdle greatly developed our legal policy and brought about the revision and compilation of the laws of the Order. It should be stated also that State Deputy and National Advocate McArdle became the virtual western representative 4 In his report to thp State Convention held at the Sherman IIousp, May 3, 1904, State Deputy McArdle said : « * , ^ , .u . "In May, 1899, the time the present incumbent was first elected, there was no council west of the City of Chicago. There were but eight councils in the State of Illinois, with an aggregate membership of less than 1,000, and there were less than 350 councils in the Order all told." . At the close of his five years' service, there were r,S councils in Ilinois, with a membership of 7,860. 'On January 31, 1899, the insurance niembership of the entire Order was 22,005 ; the associate membership was 20,262, making a total of 42,267 — Columbian, August 2, 1907. 378 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the Order, and not only negotiated its spread throughout the West, but actually carried the organization into the west- ern states, even as far as the Pacific Coast.^ In 1904 Joseph J. Thompson was elected State Deputy, and served in that capacity two years, from May 3, 1904, to May 8, 1906.« Mr. Thompson was admittedly selected as State Deputy because of a knowledge he was thought to possess of the prob- lems involved in the conduct of life insurance on the fraternal benefit plan, and used his information and l)est endeavors to increase the insurance membership. In his report to the State Convention, held in Chicago on May 3rd, 1905, at the conclusion of his first term of office, he presented figures rela- tive to the increase of membership, and drew these conclusions with reference to growth : "I do not agree with those who think we will soon have reached the limit of those eligible to membership in Illinois. I am of opinion that amongst our Catholic population there are 250,000 men eligible to membership in this Order, and I confidently predict that in the course of but a few years, we will number at least 100,000 members in Illinois, without one jot lessening the standard of excellence Ave have thus far maintained. I wish here also to give expression to the belief that while we should ever be on the alert to prevent the admission of those not qualified for membership, we have less to fear from this source than from inaction, because men of meager qualifications do not stay in the society, but, having found it beyond their depth, either improve or withdraw. On the other hand, inactivity means death. The council that is content to drag along with forty or fifty members from year to year will find itself unable to accomplish much either for its own membership or for the Order. ' '^ Respecting the increase of insurance membership, he said : "It wiU be noted that Connecticut, the home state, added 182 insur- ance members during the year; Massachusetts 280, Pennsylvania 466, 5. Born in Dundalk, Ireland, 1869, educated in the Christian Brothers schools and Lake Forest University ; lawyer. 6. Born January 14, 1868, on a farm in Warren county, near Monmouth. Illinois ; joined the Order through Bloomington Council No. 574, April 23. 1901 ; removed to Chicago in 1904 ; lawyer. 7. Report of State Deputy Eighth Annual Convention Illinois State Council. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 379 Dtsign by courtesy Harris Trust Co. THOMAS S. KEIRNAN, Past State Deputy 880 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS New York 637; but Illinois made a net gain in insurance membership of 833. Or, using percentages, it will be seen that Connecticut increased her insurance membership during the year 2.8 percent; Massachusetts, 3 per cent; New York, 8.3 per cent; Pennsylvania, 18.2 per cent, and Illinois, 48.5 per cent, "s Thus was begun the record of fidelity to the iusurance fea- ture of the Order that has ever since been maintained, and that has put Illinois far in the lead of other states in the jurisdic- tion, in the proportion of its insurance membership. Past State Deputy Thompson has always since taken a modest pride in the positive stand he took for the encourage- ment by the Knights of Columbus of every movement having to do with education. In his annual report he strongly urged that the promotion of Catholic education be made the Knights of Columbus slogan. After arguing the question from sev- eral angles the State Deputy concluded : "1 would, therefore, urge upon this Convention that we here and now place ourselves on record as the friends and champions of Catholic education. As a national body we have proven ourselves loyal to the cause of true education in the endowment of a Chair of Secular History, by a gift of $50,000 to our National University, and are again furnishing evidence of our sincerity by joining in the efforts of our spiritual prince and leader to create a guaranty fund of $500,000 for that institution.^ And now as a State Council, let us dedicate ourselves to the cause of Catholic education in the State of Illinois. Let every member resolve to do everything in his power to that end. Let there be a new crusade, and let our members, like the Knights of old, seek Christ's resting place, and battle for and defend it, not in the tomb, but in the hearts of little children and within tlie portals of the Catholic school. Let our watchword be the ' Catholic School. ' Let it be written upon every heart. And over the entrance of every council chamber let this motto be in- scribed: 'Promote Catholic Education.' "lo Lewis Edward Sauter was the next State Deputy, holding office from May, 1906, to May, 1908. 8. 76. 9. See full account of the Catholic University endowment in subsequent chapters. 10. Report of State Deputy Eighth Annual Convention. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 381 State Deputy Sauter's was notable as a good business ad- ministration.^^ He was just as able and just as enthusiastic HUGH J. KEARNS. Past State Secretary REV. JOHN P. DORE. Past State Chaplain as any other of the officers, but kept a keen eye open for the business ends of the society. State Deputy Sauter was apparently the first to consider seriously the situation arising in connection with the engaging 11. Born in Chicago, January 19, 1869, Marquette Council : lawyer. 382 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS in work outside the strictly legal scope of the Order, such as the establishment of the Chair of History in the Catholic Uni- versity at "Washington, D. C, the half million dollar endow- ment, etc. In his report made to the State Convention held at Chicago, May 12, 1908, he considered this situation at length, assuring the members that "Your State Deputy commends these undertakings and acknowledges that a substantial part of the good reputation which the Order enjoys has resulted from the spirit displayed in the support of these worthy projects. ' ' He argues that it is of doubtful prudence to proceed with such work without direct legal sanction, and concludes his argument by the suggestion that "it is possible a way could be found to amend the Order's charter, if that course is finally determined on, that will enable the Order to keep within the provisions of the laws of the several states regulating fraternal insurance, and at the same time engage in broader charitable or benevolent work than that permitted under its present charter. ' ' Every one now knows how important this question be- came, especially when it seemed advisable to enter upon the great programs of welfare work amongst the service men of the country, and it is to be noted that the identical suggestions made by State Deputy Sauter were followed in amending and broadening the charter so as to authorize work of the character indicated." State Deputy Sauter was succeeded by the late lamented James Maher of Chicago Council.^^ Mr. Maher was a lawyer of ability and distinction, and from the date of his initiation 12. See details in subsequent chapters. 13. James Maher was born in Will County, Illinois, April 30, 1860 Became a student at St. Viator's College, Kankakee, and from there went to Niagara University and to St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore. Returning to St. Viator's he became a teacher of Mathematics, where he taught many young men who afterwards became prominent, both clerical and lay. Later he studied law and was admitted to the bar, l)ecoming attorney for West Town- ship, later County Attorney, and still later attorney for the Board of Education. His death occurred on April 25, 1915, and his funeral was a notable one, being attended by a number of the Supreme Officers and Directors and accompanied by a delegation of Fourth degree Knights in full regalia. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 383 lie Beau Engraver Mabel Sykes Studio PATRICK L. McARDLE, Paust State Deputy 384 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS into the Order until his death was an active member of the Knights of Columbus. Soon after his election as State Deputy he was elected a member of the Supreme Board of Directors, and continued in that capacity to the time of his death. Mr. Maher might appropriately be called a conservative, but he cherished the Order and never evaded any of its bur- dens or responsibilities; but, on the other hand, embraced every opportunity for its advancement. He was a man of strong character and cut a clean path ; frank alike with friend and foe. James Maher 's death is the first break in the ranks of the past state deputies of Illinois, and it may truthfully be said that his taking away was a distinct loss to the Order and to the community.^* In 1911 LeRoy Hackett, who had served three years as State Secretary, was elected as State Deputy, and served three years in that capacity, at the end of which he was succeeded by William N. Brown, who served two years, when Hackett was again elected and served for two years.^"' State Deputy Hackett was one of the most active and vigor- ous officers that had appeared in the officiary of the Order since its introduction to the West. His several years of service covered every feature of the Order's work, including the or- ganization of numerous new councils, the launching of the Children's Home Finding work of the State Council, the 14. In the course of an editorial in the Columbian,, commenting on his "leath, occurs the following : "Brother Maher merited every place of honor he held. He was essentially self made. Men admired and supported him as much for his wholesome aggressiveness as for his capabilities. "Many men are long remembered for their kindly dispositions and their capacity for avoiding friction. James Maher was second to none in kindliness, but he will live long in the memory of those who knew him best as a man who never pretended to approve that to which he was opposed. He never needed an interpreter ; men admired him because they could rely upon him. He was a single front man. He showed the same face to his friends and foes, in public and in private, to his family and to strangers. He pretended to be only what he was, and was just what he purported to be." (ColumMan, April 30, 1915, p. 10.) 15. LeRoy Hackett was born at Aurora, Illinois, November 13, 1871, High school graduate; attended Notre Dame University, Rush Medical College, Chicago Kent College of Law. Joined Order in 1903 ; Grand Knight of Feehan Council three terms. State Secretary three terms. State Deputy live terms. Member Catholic Order of Foresters and Royal League. Started, supervised and completed war fund work, raising $700,000 through the drives. Lawyer. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 385 development of many of the projects formerly undertaken, and finally the great Welfare, and other work connected with the war/* Like his predecessor, State Deputy Hackett was a man of strong character. No difficulty was ever experienced in interpreting Mr. Hackett 's opinion on any question concerning the Order where it was a part of his duty to maintain a posi- tion. On the whole, it is the opinion of well informed mem- bers that LeRoy Hackett was one of the most valuable officers that ever served the Order. William N. Brown was elected State Deputy at the con- vention of the State Council held in May, 1914.^' Mr. Brown had been, prior to his election. Grand Knight of Illinois Coun- cil for several years, and President of the Chicago Chapter for three years, and brought to the office of State Deputy splendid ability and wide experience. It is not practical to go into much detail here with reference to the work of State Deputy Brown, but there is at least one sentiment expressed in his first annual report that deserves mention, and that is in connection with the maintenance of proper interest in the councils. "Strenuous and persistent efforts should be made," said the State Deputy, "to make the meetings so interesting that the largest possible attendance will be attracted. Appropriate celebrations wherever possible and of a public character should be held on Landing Day and the story of Columbus and 16. See description in subsequent cliapters. 17. William N. Brown was bom in Chicago on December 26, 1869. His early training was in tlio schools of this city. His first attendance at the Guardian Angel School, where he spent two years, and thence at St. Patricli's, spending one year at that institution. At the age of nine he entered St. Ignatius College, which he attended for seven years, graduating therefrom at the age of sixteen, the youngest graduate of that institution. After his graduation he taught at St. Ignatius for two terms. He then toolt a position with the Telephone Company, being in the auditing department for one year. Teaching seemed to attract him, and the next two years were spent at the Jesuit College, St. Mary's, Kansas, and the eight years following at his old Alma Mater, St. Ignatius, during which period he found not only time to train the youth entrusted to him, but also to add much to his own store of knowledge. He was secretary of the Mission of Our Lady of Mercy, known as the Working Boys' Home, and entered the employment of the W. J. Feely Company. Later he accepted the position of manager of the Ecclesiastical Department with Spalding & Co., Chicago, which position ho still holds. (Columbian, February 5, 1909, p. 10.) leli :•: liL-TS Dk Hjlixois MBS JfiETJ j-lc_^ - ^' ^DeiHU./;. ^ ami. ZJBjiL* "I^e ionise "TT^-jh bh^- au. SKDIISsL <^^ti*^^i'^^^ ^l^■ aB£ ni l&e' loes "wrHiuf. 3Lsn ^ '^BaaLUiiJ.*>i sf ^nadL tec ic sM ^' (iMiBii> I i> M^ Ifte- suSL M^ tost itfmiifc' ^wBfi. jggssii TSts6i 9tKm~ f^Se ISB: Tl-^ Lrf: H » -x.: .i^«iCi 3 7^ ^^■'f'^r'i&m^M it Sais 1 *_jL_i rc^ Snnir .BianaiBU i^ SBiai Jr-T!r-a:'a- 5i3K»- r.'ninma. 388 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS William N. Brown holds an exalted place in the esteem of the members of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois, and in time to come will be credited as one of the Order's most effec- tive proponents. In succession to State Deputy Brown, Mr, LeRoy Hackett was again called into service, and it was during this period of recall that the country became involved in the war, and the necessity arose for much effort on the part of the State Deputy and the officers and members of the Order, but that is another story, which may more properly be told in another connection. The war work is described at length in Chapter sixteen. In turn Mr. Hackett was succeeded by the present State Deputy, Edward Houlihan, who was tirst elected at the State Convention held in Danville on the 8th and 9th of May, 1917, and thrice since re-elected to succeed himself.-^ In the strict sense, therefore, State Deputy Houlihan has been the war executive. We were engaged in the great World War from April 6th, 1917, to the signing of the Armistice on November 11th, 1918. Accordingly, State Deputy Houlihan's administration was chiefly occupied wdth war activities dur- ing the continuance of the war, and with reconstruction work since the signing of the Armistice. The record of war and reconstruction activities of the Order in Illinois is the highest commendation that State Deputy Houlihan could desire. ' Under his leadership the Knights of Columbus of Illinois have taken foremost rank amongst the welfare workers of America, and achieved results that have not only delighted but astonished all observers. In the long line of state deputies of Illinois it has fallen to the lot of Edward Houlihan to 21. Edward Houlihan was born in Chicago, October 24, 1873 ; educated in the parochial schools of Chicago. lie has been Grand Knight of Father Set- ters Council eleven years ; District Deputy ten years ; State Secretary four years ; State Deputy five years ; Departmental Director of Welfare and Educa- tional work of the Order for ten states ; Superintendent of Catholic Home Finding Association ; Supreme Director. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 389 lead during the most responsible period, and lie and his friends may look with pride upon the record he has made." The record of the State Council would be quite incomplete did it speak of the state deputies of the Order and omit men- tion of the other state officers who have assisted so materially to carry on the work of the Order, and especially so if men- tion were not made of the state secretaries.-^ The early state secretaries were Hugh J. Kearns,-* James J. Kelly,== John A. Lambert-*' and John A. Annas." George W. Lyon-^ may be said to be the first permanent state secre- tary, Mr. Lyon served for six years, and brouglit the office of state secretary to a high state of efficiency. He was suc- ceeded by Michael E. Dalton,-^ who served for two years. In turn Secretary Dalton was succeeded by LeRoy Hackett, who discharged the duties of Secretary for three years, and until elected State Deputy. At the same time that LeRoy Hackett was promoted to the state deputyship, Edward Houli- han was made State Secretary, and remained in that office until elected State Deputy in 1917. On the promotion of State Deputy Houlihan, Henry J. Lj^nch^" was elected Secretary, and has continued to serve in 22. See subsequent chapters where it will be apparent the large part State Deputy Houlihan has played in the Order. 23. It is regrettable that information regarding several of the early secretaries is meager. 24. Hugh J. Kearns was born in Chicago, April 12, 1870. Educated in Dore public school. St. Patrick's Academy, Northwestern University and Kent College of Law. Charter member and first Deputy Grand Knight of Chicago Council ;' first Orand Knight of Illinois Council; first State Secretary; Asso- ciate Justice IMunicipal Court of Chicago, 1912 to 1918. Lawyer. 25. Born in St. Johns. Newfoundland, in 1856 ; came to Chicago in 1869 : early member of Chicago Council ; 2nd State Secretary ; Grand Knight Engle- wood Council ; District Deputy ; National Director ; died August 17, 1921. 26. Left Chicago in 190u ; connected with Acme Rubber Company, New Jpj-gpV, 27. Born in Chicago, May 28, 1863 ; Grand Knight Sterling Council, and one of the organizers ; commercial traveler ; died Dec. 23. 1915. 28. George W. Lyon was born in Chicago, March 22, 1880 ; educated in Sacred Heart school ;" St. Ignatius College, M. A.. Lake Forest University, LL. B. Joined Order in 1902 through Illinois Council. Transferred to Feehan Council when that council was organized. Became Chancellor, Deputy Grand Knight and Grand Knight of Feehan Council : State Secretary. Lawyer. 29. No data available. 30. Henry J. Lynch was born in Chicago, May 20, 1875. High School and Business College training. Became Superintendent of Dunning Institute: chief Probation Oflicer of Cook County. Member Chicago Cojincil ; Grand Knight ; State Secretary. Member B. P. O. E. Past President Holy Name Society, Carey, Illinois. Clothier. 390 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS that capacity ever since. Although each of the several secre- taries was competent and courteous, no one exceeded the pres- ent incumbent in these qualities, nor has any member enjoyed a higher esteem amongst the Knights of Columbus of Illinois and the West than State Secretary Lynch. His long years of faithful service in other capacities, and especially as a leading degree officer, have given him a foremost place in the esteem of the membership. Space forbids following the personnel of the other state officers, but a complete record should do justice to these as well.=^^ It would be a great injustice to the Order, however, to omit mention of four men to whom the entire Order is greatly indebted, viz., the four state chaplains. Rev. John P. Dore,"- Rev. Christopher P. Foster,^^ Rev. William J. Healey^* and Rt. Rev. Peter J. Muldoon.^' Fathers Dore, Foster and 31. Names and dates of State Secretaries will be found in the tabulation of State Officers following this chapter. 32. Rev. John P. Dore was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 1, 1863, and educated in the Boston and Holy Cross Colleges. He pursued his theological studies at St. Viator's, Kankakee, Illinois, and was ordained priest June 1, 1889. He was assistant at Holy Name Cathedral for ten years, and was then transferred to West Chicago. In 1905 he became assistant rector of Our Lady of Loudres, and died while there on September 15, 1911. He was a nephew of the late John P. Dore, for twenty-five years Street Com- missioner of Boston, and also of Msgr. Dennis O'Fallon, Director of St. Francis de Sales Church at Rocksbury, Mass. He was survived by two brothers, one of whom is a Jesuit. {Columhian, September 22, 1922, p. 14.) 33. Rev. Christopher P. Foster was born in London, England, in August, 1857, of Irish Catholic parents, who emigrated to America and settled at Indiana the year following his birth. He studied at St. Mary's of the West and Niagara University. After finishing his theological course he taught Kngllsh, Latin and Greek at St. Viator's and was ordained a priest August 15. 1887, and appointed to assist Father John Waldron at St. John's Church, Chicago. After a few years he was made pastor of the Sacred Heart Church, Joliet, where he remained until 1909, when, at his own request, he was transferred to Manhattan, Illinois, where he died in August, 1911. Of him Rev. P. C. Conway, pastor of St. Pius Church, says : "Father Foster, mag- nificent to behold, most kindly to all, was a prince among men. His heart always beat outward for others ; he died beloved by all." 34. Rev. William J. Healey was born in Scranton, Pa., August 1, 1868, and was ordained by Rt. Rev. S. V. Ryan at Niagara University, December 23, 1894. For five and one-half years he served as Secretary to Rt. Rev. James Ryan, Bishop of Alton. From there he went first to Jacksonville, and then to Effingham, Illinois, where he was pastor for fifteen years, when he was transferred to Marshall, Illinois, and later to Murray ville, where he died on June 2, 1915. 35. Rt. Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, D. D., was born at Columbia, Tuolumne County, California, on October 10, 1863, of John J. and Catherine (Coughlin) Muldoon, natives respectively of County Cavan and County Galway, Ireland, He received his early education at Stockton, California. At 14 years of age he enterod St. Mary's, Kentucky, and two years later began his philosophical ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 391 Healey have been called to their reward, and ail who knew them cherish a fond remembrance of their gentleness and lov- ableness. Our great, strong Bishop-Chaplain stands ever near us and by his wise counsel and cheering words keeps us in the REV. CHRISTOPHER P. FOSTER. Past State Chaplain REV. WILLIAM J. HEALEY, Past State Chaplain path of rectitude. More than four hundred little ones who owe good homes to his suggestion, as well as many others who course at St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland. He was ordained to the priesthood in Brooklyn, New York, by Rt. Rev. John Laughlin, D. D., December 18, 1886, after which he was first appointed to St. Pius' Church, Chicago. In November, 1888, he was appointed Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Chi- cago and Secretary to Archbishop Patrick A. Feehan, and remained in that relation until November, 1895. On July 5, 1901, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Chicago. In November, 1895, he became pastor of St. Charles Borromeo's Church, Chicago, and was appointed Bishop of the diocese of Rockford, September 28, 1908, 392 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS have been helped and cheered by him in his capacity as State Chaplain, bless him daily. EXTRAORDINARY WORK OP THE STATE COUNCIL The State Council has from its very inception almost, recognized the capacity of the state-wide organization for the accomplishment of worthy objects. When the organization was new and the members few in numbers no very ambitious projects could be undertaken, naturally, but very soon after the organization of the State Council a program of public lectures was entered upon, the most notable of which was a lecture delivered by the eloquent Washington Divine, Rev. D. J. Stafford, D. D., in the autumn of 1902, and a lecture by the gifted Bishop of Peoria, John Lancaster Spalding, in the following year.^'' As early as 1900 the custom which has ever since been observed of an annual Mass for deceased members was a State Council function. Different churches are selected from year to year. In the very earliest days there was given under the auspices of the State Council an annual ball, which was always made a very brilliant affair. The virtual discontinuance of the an- nual grand ball of the State Council has been a matter of re- gret to many members of the Order. The lectures and enter- tainments of the McArdle administration were indeed notable affairs, and gave the Knights of Columbus a distinct social standing. Joseph J. Thompson had scarcely been installed in office as State Deputy when Cardinal Gibbons, the ardent friend of the Knights of Columbus, made an appeal to the Order for assistance in the misfortunes of the Catholic University at Washington, D. C. Due to the financial panic of the early years of the twentieth century securities of the University shrank or became valueless, to the extent of half a million dol- 36. At the date of the Spalding lecture, that great prelate fell ill, and the result is stated in State Deputy McArdle's report, 1904, p. 5. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 393 lars, threatening ruin to the institution. In the emergency the Cardinal, who was the executive of the University, asked the Knights of Columbus to help replace the lost funds. The appeal received by the Supreme Knight, Edward L. Hearn, was passed on to the state deputies, and urged with special force upon State Deputy Thompson, who took up the matter of raising funds promptly, and pursued it vigorously by means of a plan for lectures by prominent churchmen and others in various parts of the state of Illinois.^' The plan was 37 The correspondence in this matter is so interesting as to justify preservation here. CARDINAL'S RESIDENCE. Baltimore, December 12, 1904. My dear Sir:— ^ 4.^ i- The Knights of Columl)us have signalized their devotion to the Catholic University by an act of princely munificence in endowing a Chair of American "^^^ Encourtled' by this evidence of generosity, I am emboldened to make a special appeal to yourself and to the Knights under your immediate jurisdic- tion and I will regard as a personal favor the service you will do the Universtv. I have organized a guarantee fund to help to meet the deficit resultin- from the Waggaman failure, and I will be glad to add to it the sum which y"u and your brother knights may be pleased to contribute Any Imount will be gratefully accepted, for I know that your bounty is limited °°^^You^wmSe^ne under special obligations by communicating my appeal to the Knights residing within your State or Territory, and by forwarding to me their contributions after they are collected. Faithfully yours, ^ ,. , ^., v, J. Cardinal Gibbons. New Haven, Conn., December 17, 1904. Worthy State Deputy: — . r, .,• i You are doubtless in receipt of a letter froni His Eminenc, Cardinal Gibbons referring to the financial condition of the Catholic University. This «nnearof His Eminence is largely a personal one; and if we regard only hi.s true worth and great value to the cause of Catholicity in this country without considering the ^friendly spirit he has always manifested towards the order we wm readily see that the appeal deserves our greatest .effort, for the Success or failure of the project will reflect largely upon his Eminence. Unending glory has already accrued to the Knights of Columbus by the presentation of $50,000 to the Catholic University last .Apnl- . p°f«/^^I ttoe the Univerlitv has met with financial reverses with which you are pnTfrelv familiar and therefore need no rehearsal in this letter. . WillToii kindly acknowledge His Eminence's letter at once, and im- medi^elv interest yourself and the members in your state, in responding to fhistnneal so that^His Eminence and the Heirarchy may. learn further proofs of our interest in the cause of Catholic Educational principles. I am sure the membership in vour stat.. may be relied upon, at all times to do their duty to ChS to State and to the Order. This is one of the occasions which '^"'Tr^S^tog'ms Eminenc'e' wm'p^omptly receive your assurances of hearty co-op^rattnfand thaTthese'will be^substan'^tiated by flattering results. I remain. Sincerely and fraternally yours, Edward L. Hearn, Supreme Knight. 394 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS enthusiastically received by Cardinal Gibbons, and the Su- preme Knight, and in the prosecution of it nearly a score of the greatest churchmen in America, as well as a number of laymen of the first order of prominence agreed to lecture in Illinois for the benefit of the fund.^^ After arrangements were well under way, however, and upon due consideration Archbishop Quigley advised against the prosecution of the plan, and the lecture feature was omitted, but the councils were appealed to and a small fund was raised by voluntary subscription, which became the nucleus of the $500,000 en- dowment later raised for the purpose throughout the juris- diction of the Order.^^ Bloomington, 111.. January 10. 1905. J. Cardinal Gibbons, Baltimore, Md., Eminent and Dear Sir : — , ... ,. t ., • ■ I take pleasure in telling you that I have devised a plan which I think will succeed in raising a very substantial sum for the University, which is this : I will ask each Council in the state to give a lecture, the net proceeds to go to the fund. These lectures I propose shall be given by eminent men of the Church and State and in the Order. To encourage our work I beg to ask you to appear in the Auditorium in Chicago yourself at such a date between now and the first of April as will be pleasing to you. If you will consent to do this it will assist me greatly in securing dates in all the larger cities, from Archbishops Ireland, Keane, Glennon, and other noted men. We will have organized bodies to take care of these meetings and having a large number of them in the state will be able to realize a creditable sum for the fund. I await your approval of the plan. Sincerely and respectfully yours, Joseph J. Thompson, State Deputy. CARDINAL'S RESIDENCE. Baltimore, January 19, 190,j. Mr. J. J. Thompson, State Deputy Knights of Columbus. Dear Mr. Thompson : Your letter of January 17, has brought me great joy and pleasure. I am deeply grateful to you for what you have done in the past for the Catholic University, and I now look forward with fervent hope to the success of your splendid plans. I approve of your scheme entirely. My regret is that I may not be able to be present at the Auditorium in Chicago, as I have many pressing engagements and duties from now until after April. My heart however is with you in this work, and you may tell those whom j'ou write to lecture, how grateful I will be for their services. With sentiments of great esteem, I am, Yours faithfully, J. Cardinal Gibbons. 38. Amongst those who approved the plan and consented to lecture were : Most Reverend John J. Glennon, Archbishop of St. Louis : Most Reverend S. G. Messmer, Archbishop of Milwaukee ; Most Reverend John Ireland, Arch- bishop of St. Paul ; Rev. D. J. Stafford, Washington, D. C. ; Hon. R. J. Wynne, Postmaster-General ; Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte : Hon. John J. Delaney, Corporation Counsel of New York City, and Hon. W. Bonrke Cockran. 39. The Illinois Council contributing for this beginning of the half million dollar endowment of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C, were as follows : Leo XIII, $50.00 ; Elgin, $15.00 ; Lafayette, $25.00 : De LaSalle, ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 395 Melvin H. Sykes Studio Le Beau, Engraver JOSEPH J. THOMPSON, Past State Deputy 396 KXIGHTS OF COLOIBUS IN ILLINOIS Along a similar line of extraordinary- activities should be mentioned the appeal for the sufferers from the San Francisco earthquake. This catastrophe occurred April 18, 1906. three weeks before the end of State Deputy Tliompson's adminis- tration, but not a moment was lost in appealing to the coun- cils, and through the generosity and speedy efforts of the members several thousand dollars were forwarded to the re- lief agencies in San Francisco, being the first monies to reach the stricken area from outside the state of California. So effective was the work of the membership that the State Deputy was able to report at the meeting of the State Council immediately following the earthquake that a draft for $1,500.00 had been forwarded., the total fund aggregating $5,372.15. being aU transmitted by the 5th of August. The committee in charge of this fund consisted of the State Deputy, Joseph J. Thompson, Chairman; Secretary James R. Dalton, and Louis B. Clarke of the Hibernian Banking Association, Treasurer.**^ The San Francisco earthquake relief work was completed by State Deputy Lewis E. Sauter, who succeeded, as has been noted above. SoO 00 : Joliet S.32.50 : Freeport. S25.00 : Charles CarroU of CarroUton, S25.00 ; Hiidebrand. S22.00 : Springfield. S20.00 : Calumet. S20.7.5 ; State Council. S14.T5. Total. S30C>.00. Later these councUs contributed their full quota of $2.00 per member as voltrntary subscriptions by all councils of the Order. 40. Report of Knights of -Columbus San Francisco fund, contributed before the seneral call by Illinois councils : Daniel Bowling. S111.50 ; Thomas Aquinas. S142.0*"' : Immaculat<=- Conception. SIO.OO : Ravenswood. $117.00 : De LaSalle. §690.00 : Illinois. $Z>00.00 : Hiidebrand, $74.-50 ; Pontiac. $2.5.00 : Elgin (exchange 10c). $24.90: ilurphysboro. $41.25: DeSoto. $294.00: Brown- son. $.54.-50 : Chicaso. $47S.OO : Marquette. $260.00 : Hughes. $85.50 ; Belvidere. $25.00: Rockford. $-50.f>0 : Galesburg t exchanse 10c, paid in stamps). $25.00: niinois State Council. $100.00 : Englewood. $147.00 : Chas. CarroU of Carroll- ton. $.50.00 : Streator. $10.00 : Waukegan. $25.00 : Quincy. $69.00 : Carlinvme (exchange 10c >. $24.90: Leo. $.50.00: Commercial. $127.60: Springfield. $lf»0.00 : LaRabida, $100.00 : Fort Dearborn. $66.00 : Chicago Heights. $25.00 : nam*' unknown. $li">0.00 : East St. Louis 'exchange 10c). $99.90: Irvinz Park, $25.00 : Feehan, $221. 0C> : PhiL Sheridan. $.56.00 : Columbus. $51.00 : Ouil- mette. $100.00 : Oregon. $25.00 : Lafayette, $21.3.00 : Aurora. $25.00 ; Keenan. $26.00 : Effingham. $41.50 : Daniel O'ConneU. $101.70 : Damen, $201.50 ; Calumet. $123.00 : Starved Rock, $.35.00. Total. $.5..347.25. Rf-mittances : Mav .3. 1906. to G. A. ConneUv, treasurer San Francisco fund. $1.5C>0.fX>: JuIt 9, 1906. to G. A. Connelly, treasurer San Francisco fund. $3,000.00: Telegram. May 3. 1906. $1.15: Telegram Julv 9, 1906, $1.15; Telegram. August 5. 1906. $1.15 : August 5. 1906. to G. A. ConneUy. $843.50. Total. $5,347.25. Joseph J. Thompson, Chairman : James R. Dalton, Sec- retary : Louis B. Clarke, Treasurer. (Columbian, September 1, 1906, p. 2.) ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 397 Matzene Stmlio Le Beau. Zi^i-'it LEWIS EDWARD SAUTER, Past State Deputy •d^S KNIGHTS OF COLmiBUS IX ILLINOIS During the administration of State Deputy Sauter the matter of the preservation of the old mission church, the Church of the Holy Family at Cahokia was given considera- tion, and although nothing concrete was done by the State Council sufficient publicity was obtained, chiefly through the efforts of Thomas A. "Shaughnessy of Chicago, and August Barthel of BelleviUe. to enable the resident pastor at Cahokia to secure funds to make necessary repairs and in general to preserve the ancient structure. During the second year of State Deputy Sauter "s admin- istration the movement for the $500,000 endowment for the Catholic University *at Washington. D. C. was launched, and received the hearty approval of the State Deputy. The great work of the administration of State Deputy James Maher had to do with the collection of the endowment fund of half a million doUars for the Catholic University at Washington. D. C, and in each of his annual reports State Deputy ^Maher very strongly urged the prompt collection of the University fund. Throughout all the years of State Deputy Maher's admin- istration he strongly urged lecture work. In each of his reports he recommended a lecturers' association, and in 1910, under authority granted by the State Council, he created a State Lecturers' Ad\'isory Committee, composed of Rev. W. A. Heffernan of Mt. Sterling. William X. Brown of Chicago, Harrj' W. Carlin, Kewanee, and William D. Munhall, Chicago, which reported to the State Convention held at Dixon in 1911, recommending that a Knights of Columbus Lecture Bureau, to consist of the State Deputy, State Secretary and three mem- bers of the Order, be appointed, and a per capita tax of ten cents per member be levied, to be used by such bureau in the promotion of lecture work.*^ The first movement for the Catholic Home Finding Asso- 41. Report of Proctedings of the 1-lth Annual Session State Council, held in Dixon, Mav 9 and 10. 1911, pp. 40, 41, 42. ILLINOIS STATE COUN'CIL 399 elation was made at the State Convention held in Dixon. May 9th and 10th. 1911, at which LeRoy Haekett was first elected State Deputy, and by the time of the holding of the next State Convention at Peoria on May 14th and 15th, 1912. State Deputy Haekett was able to report as follows : "After the Eight Eeverend State Chaplain had addressed the mem- bers of the State Council at the meeting in Dixon last year and spoken feelingly of the trials to which dependent children were subjected when discharged from the different state institutions, and the need of extend- ing a helping hand to such of them as were the offspring of Catholie parents, in order that they might, in lat«r life, profess and enjoy the benefits of the religion of their fathers, the body, by resolution, author- ized the State Deputy to appoint a committee of five members, one from each See city in the state, and five alternates, one from each See city in the state, with full power to act with the proper ecclesiastical authorities for establishing a Home Finding Association for Catholic orphans and dependent children. Provision was also made for a per capita tax of ten cents per member, which might be used in the promo- tion of this work: the total sum which became available under the resolution, which has since been collected and is now held by the State Treasurer, to the credit of the fund being $2,759.10."*- This work ran through the first three-year term of ^Mr. Haekett 's service as State Depute-, and the organization was brought to perfection during his administration. In the same term State Deputy Haekett pursued vigorously the work in connection with the collection of the half million endowment for the Catholie Univei-sity. Under the auspices of the Illinois State Council Rev. (now Right Rev.;) T. J. Shahan. D. D.. President of the Catholic University at Washington. D. C, delivered a lecture at the Great Northern Theater, at 3 o'clock P. M., Sunday. Decem- ber 20. 1909. This was one of the most scholarly of the many lectures delivered under the auspices of the Knights of Colum- bus in the State of Illinois." 42. Report of Proceedings State Convention held at Peoria. May 14-15. to^2. pp. 13-14. ^ 43. Co^umhian. December 17. 19«.>9. p. t>. 400 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS A very forceful lecture was delivered by Prof. James C. Monaghan at the Y. M. C. A. Auditorium, 153 LaSalle St., on the evening of January 28, 1910. This lecture was under the auspices of the Supreme Council, but was in charge of the State Deputy of Illinois and committees appointed for the purpose.^ ^ Another great event in which the State Council and the members of the Knights of Columbus throughout Illinois par- ticipated during State Deputy Hackett's administration was the unveiling ceremonies of the Columbus Memorial at Wash- ington, D. C. In his annual report, and by every means avail- able, State Deputy Hackett advanced the success of this great movement. ^^ In the year 1912 Indiana and Ohio suffered from great floods, and the day following the public announcement of the disaster State Deputy Hackett wired the state deputies of Ohio and Indiana proffering help, and within a very short time the State Deputy wired funds aggregating $641.00 for relief of the stricken districts. The flood damage extended also to Illinois. The Church property under the charge of Reverend Joseph Roken, Pastor, at Equality, Illinois, was seriously damaged, and the State Council provided, by resolu- tion, for the payment of five hundred dollars to Father Roken to help liquidate the loss.'*^ By the time of the holding of the State Convention in 1913 State Deputy LeRoy Hackett was able to report that a total of $495,000 had been subscribed for the Catholic University Endowment Fund, $453,390.45 of which was paid in, and that the councils and members in Illinois had paid $45,764.38 of 44. lb., January 21, 1910, p. 1. 45. See State Deputy Hackett's urgent appeal in this regard in his report to the State Convention at Peoria, May 14-15, 1912, pp. 16-17 ; see also report of trip to Washington for the unveiling in subsequent chapter ; see also report of State Deputy Haclcett to State Convention held in Chicago, May 14, 1913, pp. 12-13. 46. Report of Proceedings of the State Convention held at Chicago. May 13-14, 1913, pp. 16-17. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 401 that amount.*" Before the close of State Deputy Hackett's administration in 1914, he was able to report the completion of the $500,000 endowment, and to state that "Illinois did its part and contributed more than its pro rata share ' ' of the fund." The Catholic Home Finding Association was actually in- corporated during the administration of State Deputy Wil- liam N. Brown in 1914. During this administration also sev- eral meetings of Grand Knights and District Deputies througli- out the state were held in the city of Chicago, and two such meetings were held outside the city, in accordance with reso- lutions adopted by the State Council, in convention assembled, and resulted in much benefit to the Order.^" As has already been stated, much attention was given by State Deputy Brown to the subject of religious prejudice. When the Commission on Religious Prejudice, appointed by the Supreme Council, began its program of lectures, State Deputy Brown appointed a committee, of which George F. Mulligan was chairman, to have charge of the preparations for a lecture by Hon. W. Bourke Cockran, under the auspices of the Religious Prejudice Commission. Invitations were ex- tended to all public officials, fraternal societies, leaders of re- ligious thought, educators, employers and labor organizations, with the result that a very large audience gathered November 31, 1915, to hear the great orator. A number of the Supreme officers were present, including James A. Flaherty, Supreme Knight : Col. P. H. Callahan, Chairman of the Committee on Religious Prejudice; Joseph C. Pelletier, Supreme Advocate; Thomas Lawler of Lansing. Michigan, and A. G. Bogey of Vancouver. Hon. Samuel Alschuler, Judge of the United States District Court, was introduced by George F. Mulligan 48 Report oj Proceedings of the 17th Annual Session, State Council held in Quincv, May 12-13. 1914. p. 18. . „ . c. . .- •. » t» *„, 49 Report of Proceedings ISth Annual Session, State Council at Decatur. May 11-12, 1915, p. 13. 402 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS as chairman, and made an address to which State Deputy- William N. Brown responded. Judge Alschuler then pre- sented Mr. Cockran. Due to the growing interest in the war which was then raging in Europe, Mr. Cockran said little of religious prejudice, but delivered a very forceful address on other subjects.^" State Deputy Brown appointed a commission to investi- gate the feasibility of establishing a Catholic foundation at the State University at Champaign, and also a commission to ex- amine into the propriety of placing memorial gates or mark- ers at the State Park at Starved Eoek, both of which commis- sions have since discharged their duties, as will be seen in other chapters. As has been heretofore suggested, the second period of serv- ice of LeRoy Hackett as State Deputy was largely devoted to war work of one kind or another. The first action of the State Convention held in Danville on May 8, 1917, was the adoption of the following resolution : "Be It Mesolved, That the State Council tenders to the President of the United States the loyal and unflinching support of its 44,000 members, and pledges effective co-operation, in the field, on the farm, in every activity of business and professional life, to the end that the sublime principles of liberty and humanity upon which this republic is founded will survive. ' 'si A large part of the activities of the Order under the leader- ship of State Deputy Hackett was directed to carrying out the letter and spirit of this resolution, as will be seen by reference to other chapters. A distressing experience of the last year of State Deputy Hackett 's administration had to do with the disastrous tornado which occurred in May, 1917, and caused much damage in 50. The disappointment due to this address was more as to matter than manner, it should be said. 51. Proceedings 20th Annual Session, State Council held at Danville, May 8 9, 1917, p. 5. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 403 Melvin H. Syltra Studio Design, Harris Tnist Co. JAMES MAKER, Past State Deputy 404 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Mattoon. The State Deputy took prompt action to help re- lieve the distress. Where State Deputy Hackett left off in the war work and other activities of the Order, the incoming State Deputy, Ed- ward Houlihan, began, and it is notable that every work begun by his predecessor was carried on successfully, and numerous new activities, made necessary by circumstances, were under- taken, which were also carried to successful completion. State Deputy Houlihan took a special interest in all of the activities at the several local camps and cantonments situated in the State of Illinois, and threw the whole force of the Order in the state into all of the drives for welfare funds, and in- deed in every war work undertaken. The celebration of the 100th anniversary of the admission of Illinois into the Union of states occurred during the first year of State Deputy Houlihan's incumbency, and he co-operated with committees and councils having in charge local celebrations, and did all in his power, to the end that this notable anniversary should be appropriately observed. At the State Convention held in 1919 a resolution was adopted authorizing the appointment of a State Historiog- rapher, under which the State Deputy named Past State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson, for the purpose of collating and preparing a History of the Knights of Columbus in the State, and of other notable Catholic activities.^- The educational and employment work of the Knights of Columbus was developed on a large scale in the years 1919 and 1920, under the direction of State Deputy Houlihan, and the work of the Catholic Home Finding Association and that at the State University was pressed with splendid success. During the years 1920 and 1921 the hospital work for veter ans of the war service was also developed under State Deputy 52. Procecdiwjs 22nd Annual Session, State Council, held at Altou, May 14, 1919, p. 69. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 405 Houlihan's direction, and the Post-War Schools were opened and conducted with great success, as appears elsewhere. A decided forward step was taken as the result of resolu- tions adopted by the State Convention of 1920, under which the State Deputy appointed an Athletic Commission, which has proven of great benefit in the conduct of clean sports throughout the several councils of the state. ^^ Perhaps no single event occurring under the leadership of State Deputy Houlihan will be remembered with greater favor than the stupendous reception accorded by the Knights of Columbus to Marshal Ferdinand Foch in Chicago on November 6, 1921, as detailed in another chapter." THE CATHOLIC HOME FINDING ASSOCIATION This great work of the State Council justifies a more de- tailed treatment, and accordingly the following account, pre- pared largely by the officers of the Association, is given. The Catholic Home Finding Association of Illinois owes its origin to Right Reverend P. J. Muldoon, D. D. In the course of a speech de- livered by him in the State Council in the city of Dixon, in May, 1911, he called the atten- tion of the assembled Knights to a work they might do that would be of great benefit to humanity and the community. In the various institutions throughout the State there were many dependent children who were reaching an age when some provision should be made for their future. The best possible method in his opinion was some home finding agency that would catalogue not only the children but also homes in which 53. See complete report in subsequent chapters. 54. Complete account in subsequent chapters. 406 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS they might be placed. Younger children were being constantly placed in the institutions and it was becoming more difficult to cope with the situation unless vsome outlet were found where- by the children of more advanced age could be cared for. The securing of good^ Catholic, family homes was the solution, and no work could be more humanitarian and productive of greater good, not only to the Church, but to the State as well. The speech of Bishop Muldoon made a great impression upon the delegates, and as a result a resolution was passed authorizing the then newly elected State Deputy, LeRoy Hackett, to appoint a committee of five, consisting of one rep- resentative from each see city, to investigate the matter and submit a plan of organization, and that ten cents of the an- nual per capita tax be set aside for the creation of a fund foi' its use. The final report of the Organization Committee was pre- sented to the State Council in the city of Chicago, in May, 1913, submitting plan of organization and preliminary bylaws. Principal among the suggestions was that the State Deputy be authorized to name a board of twenty seven directors, fif- teen of whom were to represent the archdiocese of Chicago, and three from each of the dioceses of Alton, Rockford, Peoria and Belleville. Meanwhile, during the years 1912, 1913 and 1914, there was accumulating a fund for the use of the Association through the medium of the small portion of the per capita tax authorized in 1911. The first meeting of the Board of Directors was called by and presided over by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett, in the Chicago Chapter headquarters, 116 S. Michigan Ave., Feb- ruary 25, 1914. The directors selected were the following, representing the respective see cities : Chicago : John T. Lillis, Dennis J. Normoyle, John Bren- ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 407 RIGHT REVEREND PETER J. MULDOON, D.D. State Chaplain 408 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS nan, William J. Clark, Patrick J. Byrne, Michael F. Girten, George J. Bohnen, John F. Miller, Anthony Czarnecki, Adam J. Weckler, Charles Howard, John A. Lynch, George C. Le Beau. Alton: Charles H. Degenhardt, Thomas E. O'Brien, James J. Doheny. Rockford: Rt. Rev. P. J. Muldoon, D. D., D. H. Sawyer, William Gaffney. Peoria : J. P. Foley, William Merna, James J. Casey. Belleville : Maurice V. Joyce, Nicholas Wuller, Thomas Mc- Donald. State Deputy LeRoy Hackett and Past State Deputy James Maher, by virtue of ofifice, were the remaining directors. State Deputy Hackett briefly outlined the history of the Association from its inception in the city of Dixon in 1911 down to the then present time, and announced that there was available for its use a fund approximating $10,000.00. Preliminary bylaws were adopted, after which the follow- ing officers were selected : President, John T. Lillis; Vice-president, Charles H. Deg- enhardt; Secretary, William J. Clark; Treasurer, John A. Lynch. All of the above together with William Merna, Nicholas Wuller, William Gatfney and Anthony Czarnecki were named as an Executive Committee. Mr. Charles Virden, State Agent, Illinois Board of Ad- ministration, met with the Executive Committee, and the plans and purposes of the organization were explained to him, all of which met with his hearty approval. A Charter was issued to the Association on April 4, 1914. The selection of a Superintendent came up for considera- tion, with the result that Mr. Maurice R. Reddy was chosen October 8, 1914, and after disposing of private matters assumed office December 1, 1914. He was immediately di- ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 409 rected to visit certain eastern cities where similar work was being carried on with a view of acquainting himself with the methods and system employed, special reference being made to the Catholic Home Bureau for Dependent Children, New York. On December 27 Mr. Reddy submitted a comprehensive report of his findings and he was instructed to install the necessary equipment in the matter of application blanks, card system, office furniture, etc. The first office of the Association was in the Hearst Building, Madison and Market streets. The first annual meeting of the Association was held in the director's room of the National Bank of the Republic, March 7, 1915, at which time the Superintendent reported the applications on file and the result of his investigations. The report that during the year 49 placements were made was highly gratifying to the directors of the Association at its annual meeting March 7, 1916. The Association found favor by the character of its work, especially as to the careful and thorough investigation both as to applicant and home to be furnished, with the result that in all cases the placements have been eminently satisfactory to all concerned. That this statement is borne out is evidenced by the increasing number of placements after the first year as follows : Year, placed: 1916, 75; 1917, 86; 1918, 92; 1919, 138; 1920, 151. Since the last meeting and up to this writing, 127 children have been placed in family homes. During the year 1918, Mr. Reddy, having been called to the service, was granted a leave of absence, and State Deputy Edward Houlihan was placed in charge of the work, assum- ing office August 15, 1918, and in the remaining portion of the year placed 36 of the 92 above recorded. Mr. Reddy, upon 410 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS his return, tendered his resignation, and State Deputy Houli- han was made Superintendent. Mr. Houlihan, as Grand Knight, State Secretary and State Deputy, gave the Association on every possible occasion the benefit of his wonderful energy and enthusiasm, making known its excellent work, with the result that many splendid homes were opened up for the bereft little ones, through his efforts. As Superintendent he brought this same tireless energy, boundless enthusiasm and tender sympathy for the little ones, with the result that 138 were placed in 1919, 151 in 1920, and up to this writing, 127 for 1922. In passing it is proper to pay fitting tribute to Past State Deputies LeRoy Hackett and William N. Brown, and our late lamented and revered Past State Deputy James Maher. To the hearts of these three laymen the welfare and success of the Association was very dear ; each gave liberally of time and energy in its formative period, and watched with tender so- licitude its progress. The Catholic Home Finding Association is under the guid- ance of an advisory board, consisting of His Grace, Most Rev- erend George W. Mundelein, D. D., Archbishop of Chicago; Right Reverend James Ryan, D. D., Bishop of Alton; Right Reverend P. J. Muldoon, D. D., Bishop of Rockf ord ; Right Reverend Edmund M. Dunne, D. D., Bishop of Peoria; Right Reverend Heniy Althoff, D. D., Bishop of Belleville. The present directors are Right Reverend P. J. Muldoon, D. D., State Chaplin ; State Deputy Edward Houlihan ; Past State Deputies LeRoy Hackett and William N. Brown; John T. Lillis, D. J. Normoyle, Francis Corby, George J. Bohnen, John F. Miller, James Donahoe, Michael Zimmer, John Bren- nan, M. F. Girten, Anthony Czarnecki, John A. Lynch, George LeBeau, J. P. Foley, William Merna, James J. Casey, Charles H. Degenhardt, Thomas E. O'Brien, James J. Doheny, Maur- ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 411 Moffet Studio Le Beau, Engraver LE ROY HACKETT, Past State Deputy 412 KXIGHTS OF COLirMBUS IX ILLINOIS ice P. Joyce. Nicholas Wuller, Thomas McDonald, D. H. Saw- yer, Charles B. Joyce. Of the original Board of Directors, three have passed away — Past State Deputy James Maher, Adam J. Weckler and William H. Gaffney, all of whom are held in loving remem- brance by their colleagues for the devoted interest they mani- fested in the Association. A resume of the work of the Association can best be sho\\ni by the following illustrative table used in the last annual re- port. This detail includes the 127 children placed this year, making a grand total of 718. EXHIBIT — WORK OF CATHOLIC HOME FLNT)ING ASSOCIATION Taken Placed In Outside From Chicago Alton Kockford Peoria Belleville State Chicago 542 538 3 63 33 2 3 Alton 20 8 4 6 2 Rockford 32 12 19 1 Peoria 121 61 1 10 49 Belleville Outside state . . 3 2 1 Totals 718 521 8 99 85 2 3 Of the 718 children placed to date, 253 have been legally adopted ; 14 died ; 106 returned to institutions and guardians ; 41 dismissed from super^nsion ; 304 are still under supervision. Each year brings an added interest to the zealous work of the Association. Childless homes are opening their doors to the poor little ones, there to find love and affection, and an opportunity for that religious training and education that will equip them to take their place in the world as good Catho- lic men and women. It should be gratifj^ing to the Knights of Columbus of Illi- nois to know that this great work has been accomplished through their kindly efforts and support. Right Reverend ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 413 P. J. Muldoon. D. D.. expressed his appreciation at the last annual meeting of the Association in these words : '•No work which the Knights of Columbus as a body have done has been so beneficial, so blessed as this. The placements this year have equalled one child to everj- council in the state. What greater work could a council have to its credit than the saving of one of these little ones to be a good citizen, to independence economically, and to the salvation of his soul ? "As these children grow up they will not forget the organ- ization that gave them their opportunity. There may be among these little ones some man or woman who may become a leader and whose life and works may reflect the greatest glory on this Association. "The greatness of the work can be better realized when you consider that there were 151 souls, 151 real bodies, 151 futures, 151 children of God; for has He not said the poor are His children ? '"Nothing cotmts except the spirit ; the spirit of doing some- thing, the spirit of impressing Jesus Christ upon the world. If this is the work of (jod nothing can stop it; if it is not God's work it will not endure. But we are in the hope that it is Grod 's work and that it wiU live and grow. ' "^^ THE CATHOLIC FOUXDATIOX AT THE STATE UNTVEKSITY In like manner the good work carried on under the direc- tion of the State Council at the State University at Urbana, Champaign, deserves special treat- . ^, ment, and the following details provided chiefly by the Chaplain. Rev. John A. O'Brien. Ph. D.. will prove of interest : At the State Convention held in Decatur, May 11th and 12th. 1915, Mr. Henry Koll. president religion and education 55. Report of the President, John T. Lillis. 414 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the Catholic Students' Association of the State University, presented facts relating- to the needs of Catholic students at the State University, and tlie following resolution was pro- posed and adopted: ' ' Whereas, It has come to the atteution of the State Council, now in session, that the various Protestant churches of the State of Illinois have provided Foundations for the religious training of the students attending the University of Illinois who embrace their respective faiths, and "Whereas, The Catholic Church has no organization of this kind at the University of Illinois, and ' ' Whereas, The Catholic men and women, who now number two hun- dred thirty-five (235) students, have need of such religious safeguards, which are not provided for by the University authorities; therefore, be it " Eesolved, That the Knights of Columbus of the State of Illinois, in convention assembled, authorize the State Deputy to appoint a com- mittee of three (3) to consider the proposition of establishing a Catholic Foundation at the University of Illinois for the young Catholic men and women who come to the University from every part of the State, and who need safeguards that are not provided for by the University authori- ties; said committee to confer with the dioc€san authorities of the State of Illinois on the proposition of establishing such Foundation, and to make a rei:)ort on this matter at the next State Convention. ' 'jo Under this resohition a committee was appointed, consist- ing of A. J. Parris, Thomas J. Claffy and Thomas H. Davey, who reported in detail to the State Convention held at LaSalle on May 9th and 10th, 1916, advising the State Council that more time would be necessary for investigation and formula- tion, and offering the following resolution, which was adopted : "Eesolved, That the State Deputy appoint a committee of ten (10), consisting of two (2) members of the Knights of Columbus from each of the five (5) dioceses of the State of Illinois, and that to this com- mittee be referred this proposition, to the end that the Archbishop and each Bishop of the state may be interviewed; and, if possible, a plan proposed at the next convention that would have the approval of the proper authorities throughout the state, "s^ 56. Report of Proceedings of the State Council, held at Decatur, May 11-12, 1911, pp. 58-59. 57. Report of Proceedings, State Council LaSalle, May 9-10, 1916, pp. 47-48. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 415 All this was done and as a result of the conferences with the diocesan authorities it was decided to make a beginning in the work, and to provide for the pressing needs a Chaplain was appointed by the Rt. Rev. Edmund M. Dunne, Bishop of the diocese of Peoria, in which diocese the State University is HON. JOHN p. McGOORTY REV. JOHN A. O'BRIEN located. Rev. John A. O'Brien was appointed as Chaplain, and by the same order St. John's Church was made the Uni- versity Church. The first step taken by the Chaplain after studying condi- tions at the University was to organize the Catholic students into a strong compact body, called the Spalding Guild. Com- paratively few Catholic students seemed to have been ac- 416 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS quainted with one another, and there was little evidence of concerted Catholic student activity. The enrollment of the Catholic students into this Association has brought them into closer acquaintance with one another, from which has resulted a greater amount of Catholic companionship and association. The Spalding Guild also affords the students suitable op- portunities for social and recreational activities under Catho- lic auspices. Though the religious phase of the work naturally receives the greatest stress, the social aspect with its strong, reinforcing influence on the attendance and activity at the religious services is not neglected. At the conclusion of the regular weekly meetings, and at other times, social gatherings occur, at which the students enlarge the number of their Catho- lic acquaintances, special attention being given to the fresh- men. In fact, it can safely be said that the vast majority of the Catholic students are now fairly well acquainted with one another. From the consequent Catholic companionship and association there has resulted the strengthening and vivifying of their common faith, the creation of that subtle, intangible influence, a sort of psychic atmosphere, permeated by Catho- lic thought and sentiment, which brings to bear upon every individual member the strong social pressure of the Catholic student group, encouraging and helping him by w^ord and ex- ample, in the faithful discharge of his religious duties. An annual reception is tendered the Catholic students by the Twin City Council of the Knights of Columbus. At the instigation of the Chaplain a similar reception for the Catho- lic girl students is given annually by the Catholic Woman's League of the Twin Citias. Plans worked out by the Cliaplain and the officers of the Catholic Woman's League whereby each student girl is "adopted" by a lady of the league — adopted in the sense that the Catholic woman takes a real personal interest in the student girl from the time of her arrival at the University in the fall until she leaves for home in June. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 417 The Catholic woman invites the student girl to her home every week or so, inquires about her progress in her studies and helps to tie her up more intimately with the Catholic life of the community. In short, she favors the student girl with that personal interest and intimate attention which only a mother can bestow upon a girl. It is thought that this makes conditions practically ideal for the Catholic girl students of whom there are now about 100 at the University of Illinois. The mother of the girl student will now be able to rest, secure and happy in the knowledge that her daughter is receiving such kind motherly attention from the good Catholic women of Champaign and Urbana. For the thinking through of this unique bit of constructive sociological adjustment of a high order, the officers and mem- bers of the Catholic Women's League deserve sincere com- mendation. Besides the weekly assemblies of the Catholic student body at which the Chaplain addresses them collectively, it is his endeavor to have occasional conferences with each individual member, to ascertain the extent of the student 's previous Cath- olic training, and to offer any counsel which the character of the specific needs of the student may suggest. It is here that the vital element of personal contact is brought into play. Moreover, for students following courses in philosophical or historical subjects the Chaplain discusses points in those sub- jects, which have a bearing on any of the beliefs of the Catho- lic faith. In a forty-four page booklet published by the Chaplain concerning the work of the Spalding Guild, there are included select bibliographies directing the student to authoritative sources of Catholic thought, on various topics in Christian Philosophy, Psychology, Ethics, Social Science and Evolu- tion. The Catholic works on such subjects already possessed by the University Library have been listed. Moreover, the 418 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Wal'inger Studio Le Beau, Engraver WILLIAM N. BROWN, Past State Deputy ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 419 Director of the Library has graciously promised to secure, as soon as possible, a list of approximately fifty additional Catho- lic books which the Chaplain deemed useful for purposes of Catholic research. Thus the student will have free access to the representative Catholic literature in those fields and will thus be enabled to secure the Catholic viewpoint on all dis- puted questions. Prominent speakers are secured each year to address the students on vital topics. Among the list of speakers are such men as the following : Mr. David Kinley, Ph. D., President, University of Illinois; Rev. W. J. Bergin, C. S. V., Rev. J. P. 0. Mahoney, C. S. V., of St. Viator College; Rev. H. C. Hengell, Ph. D., Chaplain at the University of Wisconsin ; Professor Gordon Watkins, Ph. D., Professor Eliot Black- welder, Ph. D., of the University of Illinois; Rev. J. W. R. Maguire, C. S. V., Rev. G. M. Mulvaney, C. S. V., Rev. Fred- eric Siedenburg, S. J., Dean, Loyola School of Sociology; Mr. L. A. Lapp, LL. D., Director, Bureau of Social Action of the National Catholic Welfare Council. These lectures on timely topics serve to keep the students familiar with the best thought of our Catholic leaders, clerical and lay. The Chaplain assists students upon their arrival at the commencement of each semester to secure room and board wherever possible in representative Catholic homes. For this reason it is requested that parents or students write to him in advance. Whenever possible the newcomer will be met a the train by a Catholic student, who will make him acquainted with his new surroundings and make him feel at home among friends. St. John's has been designated by the Rt. Rev. Bishop E. M. Dunne, D. D., as the Church for all the University students to attend. To accommodate all the students, three Masses are necessary. At these services, the sermons and instructions are adapted to meet the peculiar needs of University students. 420 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The small Chapel is always crowded on Sunday morning, frequently to such an extent, that even the aisles and the outer vestibule are filled with student worshippers. One Sunday in each month is set aside for the reception of Holy Communion by the members of each of the four classes, thus bringing every Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior to the Eucharistic Table at least once a month. The constantly increasing number of students who receive Holy Communion frequently is a great source of gratification for all who are working for the welfare of the students. It stands at the same time as an eloquent testimony to the spiritual growth and high moral character of the Catholic students at the University of Illinois. Since 1917 the Chaplain, Rev. J. A. O'Brien, has been working among the students — organizing them into the Spald- ing Guild, holding volunteer classes in Church History and Religion, securing prominent Catholic lecturers to address them, and placing them in Catholic homes. After two years of experience in this work, the Chaplain realized that the stu- dents could not receive comprehensive nor adequate instruc- tion in religion unless the courses were accredited by the Uni- versity. The student already carrying a heavy schedule found it practically impossible to devote to volunteer classes, the time and study necessary to master the subject thoroughly. If, however, a course in religion could be taken as an elective with credit, the student could then reduce the number of his secular branches accordingly. This would leave him free to devote to the study of his religion the necessary time and at- tention. The Chaplain brought this matter to the attention of the other Chaplains on the Campus and received their enthusiastic support and co-operation. In June, 1919, a petition drawn up by a committee of two ministers and the Chaplain, and signed by the representatives of all Churches ministering to ILLIxNOIS STATE COUNCIL 421 the students was presented to the acting President of the University. It requested that academic credit be conferred upon courses of University calibre in religion. After six months of study and investigation the University Senate and the Board of Trustees approved the plan, stipulating the fulfillment, however, of a number of conditions. Among the conditions was securing a charter as a separate educational institution along with the material facilities necessary for effective educational work. The Chaplain placed this development in his work before the attention of the State Convention in Alton in 1919. He recommended an appropriation sufiicient to secure an addi- tional priest to give courses in the Catholic religion. The re- sponse of the Knights was as immediate as it was generous and wholehearted. The resolution embodying the appropriation passed the Convention unanimously. The plan to accredit courses in religion was approved by the University Senate, December 9, 1919. At the opening of the second semester, February 5, 1920, the Catholic Founda- tion enrolled its first students. Three courses were offered, viz.. Fundamental Christian Apologetics, The Moral Teach- ings of Keligion, and the History of the Christian Church. Despite innumerable diflSculties that confronted the actual launching of the courses, a large number of the students promptly enrolled in them. Before conferring credit for such courses, the Committee on Accrediting Higher Institu- tions inspected the courses and upon their recommendation credit was given to the institution. The Catholic Founda- tion is only too eager to satisfy the highest standards of scholarship and scientific research which the University has stipulated. The opening of the second semester, February 5, 1920, found the faculty and students of the Catholic Foundation readv for business — save for a place to meet. It was the 422 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS rather unique ease of an educational institution without a building. It had been planned to rent a class-room in the Univereity, but a ruling of the University officials issued shortly before the commencement of the second semester, de- cided the use of a University room for such a purpose would be unconstitutional. A location near the center of the campus was necessary in order that students might attend classes at the next hour — allowing but a few minutes to go from one class-room to an- other. The nearest Catholic Church is about ten blocks from the center of the campus. The use of a room in the University Place Christian Foundation for one week, in the Y. W. C. A., for another week, found the difficulty delayed, but unsolved. At the end of the two weeks we could use either place no longer. ^^ The Catholic Foundation was in a crisis. In this emer- gency the Chaplain and a parishioner purchased a large 10- room house in the center of the University district at a cost of $10,000 to supply the Foundation with a place to meet. The three lower rooms have been converted into a class-room, a library and a reading room. The Chaplain has ordered a couple of hundred books which constitute the modest, theo- logical library for the students. The rest of the dwelling is still occupied by roomers. Folding chairs supply the place of both chairs and desks. While the arrangement has enabled the Catholic Founda- tion to function, it is anything but ideal. Practically every sort of material facilit}' is lacking, the hardships are great. The need of a group of buildings comprising a School of Keligious Education, Men's Residence Hall, Women's Resi- dence Hall, Social Center, and Chapel is painfully urgent. At the present time there is no center from which the Catholic students' activities can radiate; no place to which they can come and feel welcome and mingle in friendly intercourse ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 423 with their Catholic fenow-stiidents. The native Catholic student and especially the foreign ones, are dependent upon the Y. M. C. A., for social centre facilities. The need of attractive buildings where the Catholic stu- dents may gather and mingle in friendl}^ companionship and association with those of their own Faith, where they may read Catholic books and periodicals, where they may keep in vital touch with Catholic life and thought is indeed keenly felt. Such buildings would supplement the more formal in- tellectual Avork of the classes in religion with its strong rein- forcing social influence. How much such a building would mean in the life of these young students, how greatly it would advance the interests of the Catholic Church, how tremen- dously it would enlarge her sphere of influence and promote the welfare of our beloved State as well, no man can possibly calculate. The Methodists of the State had the great happiness of seeing their dream and their vision carved into lasting stone when they gathered here in February, -1921, to assist in the dedication of the magnificent and imposing Social Centre Building of the Wesley Foundation. The cost of this building with its equipment is about $350,000. It is the fii-st unit of a group of five imposing edifices, including a School of Religious Education, Men's Residence Hall, Women's Residence Hall, Social Centre and University Church. The estimated total cost of these buildings is $2,225,000. In addition, an endow- ment of $1,000,000 is being raised, making a total investment for Methodism of $3,225,000. When completed, the Wesley Foundation, it is said, will be the largest, the most compre- hensive, and the most magnificent establishment at any Univer- sity in this country or in the world. Other religious denominations have taken up similar work and have either established Foundations or are making prepa- rations to that end. 424 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS At the State Convention held in Champaign on May 11th, and 12th, 1920, the following resolutions were adopted: "Whereas, The Illinois State Council of the Knights of Columbus is maintaining a Chaplaincy and Professorship of Religion at the Uni- versity of Illinois, and ' ' Whereas, It is the desire of the State Council that the Chaplain and the Professor of Eeligion may be enabled to the fullest advantage to safeguard the Faith and morals of the five hundred Catholic students now in attendance and the constantly increasing number from year to year, and "Whereas, One of the requirements made by the University for the accrediting of courses in religion is the assurance that an adequate build- ing or buildings containing class rooms, lecture halls, library, and other facilities for instruction of University grade, shall be established and maintained, now therefore, be it " Besolved, That this State Council of the Knights of Columbus heartily endorses the i^roject to purchase ground, erect and equip a building to be known as the Catholic Foundation at the University of Illinois; and be it further "Besolved, That the State Deputy be authorized to appoint a com- mission of five members, .one member to be selected from each of the five dioceses of Illinois, the State Deputy to be ex-offieio chairman of this commission. The purpose of this commission shall be to bring the above matter to the attention of all the Catholic societies in the State of Illinois and request each of these societies to endorse the project and appoint a committee of three of its members as part of a general committee to formulate plans for the purchase of a site, the erection, equipment and maintenance of such building or buildings until the same are self-supporting, and to raise the funds necessary for this work — approximately five hundred thousand dollars. Be it further "Besolved, That this work may be undertaken if authorized and fuUy endorsed by the diocesan authorities and a sufficient number of other societies endorse the project and pledge cooperation to make it feasible. ' ' 58 Under tliese resolutions meetings and conferences were held with the diocesan authorities and representatives of other Catholic societies, and the work of raising funds for the Foun- dation entered upon vigorously by a state wide organization 58. Ih., pp. 82-83. ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL 425 of which Hon. John P. McGoorty is Chairman, Joseph W. Cre- min is Vice Chairman, Boetius Sullivan is Secretary, and William J. Bogan is Treasurer. As this book goes to press the work of the Foundation is progressing satisfactorily, and it is the expectation of all those interested that buildings and equipment commensurate with the needs of the Foundation will soon be supplied. In the meantime the State Council of the Knights of Co- lumbus continues its support of the Chaplaincy and Profes- sorship at the University. Under the heading of State Council Activities mention should be made of the earnest support given by the State Council to every activity sponsored by the Supreme Council. Besides such activities as have been expressly detailed the State Council actively forwarded the work of the lecturers sent out by the Supreme Council, and the accomplishments of the versatile and brilliant James C. Monaghan and James J. "Walsh, M. D., on numerous subjects, and the work of Peter Collins and David Goldstine respecting socialism, as well as the lectures of Joseph Scott, W. Bourke Cockran and others on religious prejudice and all war work have been notable. All these received the hearty support and co-operation of the State CouncU.^^ KXIGHTS OF COLUMBUS ES' ILUXOIS = s s s = > > > J^ 3: ^ a: = = =i»^i-i-SS — — 44 . ^. ^. ^. -. ^ ^. -.-.-. ^. ^. ^~ -. ^- ^- '^- ^- ^- ^- ~- ~-~ —• ^ S; SkL Sfi -z-i~i — -C-<-<-^-^ _— _— 3^ »5 CHAPTER X THE CHICAGO CHAPTBK After the eonneOs had matdpLz^ ' ~ Ckkago lae for eonneil eo-operatmi b^aii to c- .^ r^ Bake rales and regiditisHS fvr - «tf said C&^pter. pnvided the sl CMtSiet vi& the lans. rales and : ; : tfce Ordw-'i the organizatimi of a Chaptn- was j^opoeed. The thai State Depnty. Jc^^eph J. ThoiapsMi. eaDed a neetin^. whii^ was held on January S. 1905. in the parlors of the Grand Pa»fie Hoed. Jaekson Boulevard and Clark Street. Chiea^o. By prerioas arrangemoit with the State Depnty. Mkhael F. Girt«L of En^ewood ConneiL eaDed the meetiB^ to order, and asked Past State Deputy. Patri^ L. MeArdle, to assose tfe ^air. but Mr. MeArdle requested that the then present State Depaty. Joseph J. Thompson, who was at the meeting, i^reade. and accordingly, the State Deputy assumed Af ehair. Mr. Joseph M. Kangley. of Leo XIII Council, Chicago, was seleetei^ as temporary seeretary. *2r 428 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS This first meeting was attended by delegates from twelve Councils, as follows : Chicago, De LaSalle, Illinois, Englewood, Lafayette, DeSoto, Phil. Sheridan, Columbus, Leo XIIL, Hil- debrand, Irving Park and Ouilmette.^ Prior to the meeting State Deputy Thompson had pre- pared a draft of constitution and by-laws which was read by Michael F. Girten and by unanimous vote referred to the Dis- trict Deputies for approval. It was resolved also to send a copy of the constitution to each of the councils in Cook County.^ At the next meeting of the Chapter, held also at the Grand Pacific Hotel, on Saturday, January 28, 1905, the constitu- tion and by-laws were adopted ; the Chapter was formally organized, and the following officers were duly elected : President, John J. Ryan, of Phil. Sheridan Council; Vice President, Dr. J. J. McLaughlin, Fort Dearborn Council ; Secretary, Jerome J. Crowley of De Soto Council ; Treas- urer, Philip C. Gibbons, of Lafayette Council; Warden, John J. Owens of Illinois Council; Guard, James McLennon of Charles Carroll Council. The purpose of the Chapter is thus tersely stated in its constitution : "It shall be the object of this Chapter to undertake and execute all such work as shall be of common interest to the councils composing it, and of general interest to the Order."* The government of the Chapter is vested in a governing board, composed of the Grand Knight and two members elected as delegates from each council of the Chapter and one additional delegate for each one hundred members or major fraction thereof above two hundred in such council ; the State Deputy of Illinois, all past State Deputies of Illinois 2. Chapter Records. 3. lb. 4. Article II, Constitution and By-Laws, Chicago Chapter. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 429 residing in Cook County, and all Past Presidents of the Chi- cago Chapter.^ The first if not the most important function of the Chapter was its utility as a clearing house and bureau of information for all the councils and intleed for all the members. It pro- vided a place where information could be readily obtained and where conferences might be quickly called and easily attended. Like the numerous headquarters that now exist throughout the city and state, it was the situs of the Knights of Colum- bus; but this important feature became secondary to the nu- merous service features that developed out of tlie Chapter organization, many of which are indicated by the names of the committees provided for in the by-laws, amongst which are : Visiting Committee ; Committee on Relief ; Committee on Em- ployment; Committee on Entertainment; Committee on Good of the Order, and House Committee.^ The first president of the Chapter was John J. Ryan, who served two terms, 1905 and 1906. He was succeeded by Jerome J. Crowley, 1907 ; James Donahoe, 1908 ; Dennis J. Normoyle, 1909; Danied A. McCann, 1910; William N. Brown, 1911, 1912 and 1913; Louis J. Behan, 1914, 1915; John T. Lillis, 1916, 1917; John E. Byrnes, 1918, 1919; Jeremiah A. Ken- nelly, 1920, 1921; Arthur Donoglme, 1922, 1923. Mr. Jerome J. Crowley was the first secretary of the Chap- ter, and William P. J. Halley the second. M. F. Delaney acted as assistant secretary in 1908-9 until his deatli in June, 1909. Halley was succeeded in 1908 by Edward Larkin, who held the office of Secretary of the Chapter continuously until 1920, when he was succeeded by John M. Quinlan. At the next election William J. Clark was elected to succeed Quinlan. In the year 1912 provision was made for an assistant sec- retary, and Edward J. McMahon was selected as such assist- ant, and ably discharged the duties of that position until the 5. lb.. Article IV. 6. r&.j Article VI, bee. 5. 430 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS JOHN J. RYAN President Chicago Chapter THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 431 time of his death, which occurred September 2, 1921. Mr. McMahoii while assistant secretarj^ was the responsible execu- tive head of the Chapter headquarters, and to his ability and tact was due much of the success of the Chapter's conduct.^ ESTABLISHING THE CHAPTER Immediately upon the organization of the Chapter the question of securing a headquarters for the Knights of Colum- bus in Chicago was taken up. A committee, consisting of John T. McEnery, Chairman ; John R. Ford, John A. McCor- mick, Michael F. Girten, Edward W. Bailey and Frank J. Sherlock was appointed to canvass the situation with refer- ence to headquarters and report. At a meeting of the Chap- ter held December 30, 1905, this committee reported in de- tail with reference to taking rooms at 112 W. Monroe Street with estimates for necessary alterations and improvements to meet the requirements of the Chapter. On motion of Michael F. Girten it was unanimously voted that the Board of Directors be authorized and empowered to take the rooms and to contract with the best bidders for the alterations and improvements. At the same meeting the fur- nishings of the Jewelers' Club, an organization which was about to make some change in the conduct of its affairs, was offered to tlie Chapter, and the Board of Directors was em- powered to buy the same for $1,200.00.^ The Committee on Finance, of which Thomas W. Flynn of Calumet Council was chairman, reported a plan for financing the Chapter which was adopted, under which a membership fee of fifty cents and annual dues of $1.00 per member should be paid by the Councils joining the Chapter. To this was added the net receipts of entertainments and a donation of $225.00 from the Fourth Degree Assembly. During the first rear the Entertainment Committee raised $2,000.** 7. Chapter Records. 8. Chapter Records. "J. Chapter Records. 432 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The opening day of the Chapter headquarters was March 17, 1906, which was duly observed by a reception and dinner. Beginning on that day the Chapter maintained not only a council room, billiard and card rooms, but also a high class lunch room. Booths and tables, with the necessary appoint- ments, were arranged and all culinary facilities supplied. The catering was in charge of John W. Mackey, of Damen Council, who had for his superintendent, Richard J. Burdick. Here members employed in the loop and their friends dined daily, and here numerous pleasant evening parties were held and luncheons and banquets were enjoyed. Shortly after the establishment of the headquarters the practice of entertaining guests at luncheon arose. The first luncheon of this character was given on Chicago Day, Octo- ber 9, 1906, at which the g-uests were three distinguished actors, Chauncey Olcott, Daniel Jarrett and Frank J. Meln- tyre, all members of the Order. State Deputy Lewis E. Sau- ter presided as toastmaster and welcomed the guests, each of whom spoke pleasantly. The program was made more inter- esting by well chosen stories, narrated by John L. Ponic, and well rendered vocal selections by William F. Ryan, Master of the Fourth Degree.^" The first outside activity taken up by the Chapter was the promotion of a benefit for the Providence Orphan Asylum for Boys, under the management of the Sisters of St. Joseph. This benefit occurred in May, 1905, and the Chapter was able to turn over to the Sisters, for their institution, approximately $600.00." The activities of the Chapter include what might be classi- fied under the heading of clearing house activities, the social side, outings. Landing Day celebrations, religious and educa- tional activities, relief work, and its unique work of Christ- mas cheer. 10. See acfount in Columhian, Oct. 13, 1906. 11. ColumMan, Aug. 25, 1902, p. 2. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 433 THE SOCIAL SIDE The first pretentious social accomplishment of the Chapter was the Chapter Ball, held on January 5, 1906. This brilliant function was held in the Ball Room of the Auditorium Hotel, and was voted by all a social success. ^^ The next great Chapter ball and cotillion was held on the evening of January 18, 1907, at the First Regiment Armory. A few words from a contemporary description of this brilliant social function are interesting : "Promptly at nine o'clock an orchestra and band commenced play- ing, and in a short while the entire ball room floor was covered witli dancers. This informal dancing continued until ten o'clock, when amid the blare of trumpets and the strains of Forrest's 7th Eegiment Band, the famous military drill of the Fourth Degree was announced by the presence of the Captain and Master of the Fourth Degree, Mr. William F. Eyan and Captain Edward H. White. The appearance of the mem- bers of the Fourth Degree was received amid the shouts and handclapping of the hundreds present. No more inspiring sight has ever greeted tlie eyes of an enthusiastic assemblage than the Fourth Degree drill. The evolutions were well executed and well received." i3 Following the Fourth Degree drill the formal opening of ball or grand march was commenced. On this occasion the grand march was led by Patrick L. McArdle, National Ad- vocate, and Mrs. Lewis E. Sauter, wife of the State Deputy, followed by State Deputy Lewis E. Sauter and Mrs. Wil- liam F. Ryan, wife of the Master of the Fourth Degree. The program concluded with a spectacular cotillion under the leadership of Messrs. A. D. Plamondon, George E. Warren and Alfred J. Cronin. On this occasion the Reception Com- mittee was composed of the Grand Knights of the various coun- cils and the Floor Committee of the lecturers of the several councils. The next great ball was held at the First Regiment Armory on the evening of January 3, 1908. On this occasion the grand march was organized about ten o'clock, and was led by 12. /&. 13. Columbian, Jan. 19, 1907, p. 2. 434 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Jerome J. Crowley, President of the Chicago Chapter, accom- panied by Miss Henrietta O'Brien of South Bend, Indiana, Mr. William A. Dalton, Chairman of the Chapter Entertain- ment Committee, with Mrs. Dalton, assisting. Following close in line were Patrick L. McArdle, Past State Deputy, accom- panied by Miss Marie de Rohan, Mr. William F. Ryan, Master of the Fourth Degree with Mrs. Ryan and about five hundred active Knights and their ladies. Patrick J. Murphy, Grand Knight of Charles Carrol Council, and Robert M. Sweitzer, Grand Knight of Illinois Council, were in charge of the floor .^* One of the most notable undertakings of the Chapter was the concert given by the Knights of Columbus Choral Club and Gregarian Choir and Philharmonic Orchestra of St. Louis, rendered at the Coliseum May 2nd, and 3rd, 1909. This musi- cal aggregation consisted of a carefully chosen male choir of eighty voices, accompanied by a great orchestra of ninety pieces. The concert was given for the benefit of the House of the Good Shepherd, St. Mary's Training School, the Epheta School for the Deaf and the St. Vincent de Paul Society. The attendance at the concert was declared to be " undoubtedly the greatest ever known in the history of the Order. ' ' This great musical organization was under the direction of Rev. Leo Manzetti, former Choir Master of Pope Leo XIII. Father Manzetti returned to the Vatican immediately after the Chicago Chapter concert. The success of the concert was due in a large measure to George F. Mulligan, who had charge of the general Committee on Arrangements.^"' The annual ball of the Chapter, held January 26, 1912, was not only a great success, but was to a large extent unique. It was held in the Seventh Regiment Armory, and headquarters were fitted up for each council applying therefor. The grand march was lead by the president of the Chapter and Mrs. Brown. 14. Colitmbiaii, Jan. 10, 1908, p. 2. 15. Columbian, May 7, 1909, p. 3. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 435 A beautiful cotillion was a feature of the ball ; and the music by Hetreed's Orchestra was especially suitable. This was one of the most largely attended social affairs ever given by the Chapter.^® On March 10, 1912, the Chicago Chapter presented the noted tenor, John McCorraack in a concert at the Auditorium. In this musical event the great singer was assisted by Miss Grace Narelle, said to be the most gifted woman Irish ballad singer in the world. The concert was a signal success.^^ This was the second appearance of the gifted singer for the Knights of Columbus. Mr. McCormack sang a return engagement on Sunday afternoon, March 16, 1913. In this concert sacred music predominated. William N. Brown, President of the Chap- ter, welcomed the audience with an introductory address. On this occasion boxes were occupied by John P. V. Murphy, Thomas McGrath, Mr. and Mrs. John R. Ford, Mr. and Mrs. John F. O'Brien, Mrs. John Powell, Mrs. William H. Powell, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick J. Ringley, "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Ringley and party, Mr. and Mrs. T. Francis Cavanagh, Dr. and Mrs. E. N. Redden, Mr. and Mrs. Francis J. Houlihan, Miss Dorothy Reardon, Mr. and Mrs. Louis J. Behan and party, Mr. and Mrs. Louis J. Waller and party, guests of Mr. McCormack, Mr. John A. McCormick, Mr. John P. Hopkins, Rev. J. L. Kearns, Rev. H. W. McGuire, Rev. B. C. Heeney, Rev. W. R. Griffin, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Weisenbach and family, Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Sweitzer, Mr. and Mi-s. John C. Cannon, Mr. George Putzer, Col. Daniel Moriarity and party, and representatives of Father Perez Council No. 144418 After a few years of omission the Chapter ball was re- vived and staged on October 12, 1917. The Entertainment Committee, with Thomas F. O'Connell as chairman, arranged 16. Columbian, Jan. 26. 1912, p. 1. 17. Golumhian, March 9, 1912, p. 1. 18. Columbwn, March 14, 1913, p. 1. 436 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS To^.o r. u PRESIDENTS CHICAGO CHAPTER James Donahoe, Dennis J. Normoyle, Daniel A. McCann, Louis J. Behan THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 437 a most enjoyable program, including motion pictures of the Dellwood Park outing enjoyed in July, 1917. The music was furnished by Charles Montgomery's orchestra. The Presi- dent of the Chapter, John T. Lillis, and Mrs. Lillis led the promenade, assisted by Thomas F. 'Council and Miss Mar- garet Dillon. Mr. William A. Shay, Grand Knight of Damen Council and Chairman of the Floor Committee, directed the promenade. At the conclusion of the march Miss Dillon sang the National anthem, ' ' The Star Spangled Banner. ' '^^ One of the very enjoyable public appearances of the Chi- cago Chapter was the concert by the gifted tenor, John 'Sul- livan, at the Auditorium on March 14, 1920. The program was in charge of the President of the Chapter, Jeremiah A. Kennelly and Thomas F. 'Council was Chainnan of the En- tertainment Committee. Mr. 'Sullivan on this occasion sang for the first time ' ' Hail ! Knights of Columbus ' ' a song written by James A. Ecker of Dorchester, Massachusetts, and handed to Mr. 'Sullivan just as he was leaving Boston for Chicago.-" During the next month, on the evening of April 7, 1920, the great Home Coming Ball of the Chicago Chapter took place at the First Regiment Armory. On this occasion the crowd began to arrive early, and dancing was at its height when, at ten o'clock p. m., the grand march formed. State Deputy Houlihan with Miss Margaret Dillon and State Secretary Henry J. Lynch with Mrs. Lynch led the march, which con- cluded in such a way that as many as possible would stand facing the stage and the draped honor roll to be unveiled on the occasion. The President of the Chapter, Jeremiah A. Kennelly, in a brief address welcomed the guests, paying trib- ute to the living and the dead of the service men. Miss Dillon sang the National anthem, which she followed by "Hail! Knights of Columbus," the song introduced by John 'Sulli- van. Then all stood for a few minutes with bowed heads while 19. Columbian, Oct. 19, 1917, p. 1. 20. Columbian, March 19, 1920, p. 1. 438 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS a bugler sounded taps for the one hundred Knights of Colum- bus from Cook County who made the supreme sacrifice in the great war. Thereupon the beautifully engraved, illuminated honor roll, designed in commenoration of the 6,500 members of the Order from Cook County who joined the colors, was unveiled, and stood a mute testimonial to the service of the Catholic manhood of the city and county. The silent moment concluded the dancing was resumed, and the Welcome Home Ball was voted a brilliant success.-^ In 1921 the plan of divisional Chapter balls was intro- duced — one for the North, one for the West, and one for the South side, on October 14th. The North side ball was given at Broadway Armory, and was participated in officially by Columbus, Father O'Connor, Marquette, Newman, Ouilmette and Tonti Councils. The West side ball was held at Guyon's Paradise, where Americus, Bishop Kettler, Cardinal, Charles Carroll, Chicago, Commercial, Damen, Father Setters, Feehan, Franklin Park, General James Shields, General Sherman, Hennepin, Hilde- brand, Hug)ies, Illinois, Nazareth, Oak Park, Phil Sheridan, St. Cyr Day, St. Francis Xavier, St. Patrick's and Washing- ton Councils participated. The South side ball was staged in White City, where Arch- bishop McHale, Auburn Park, Blue Island, Calumet, Chicago Heights, Daniel Dowling, De LaSalle, Englewood, Father Perez, Fort Dearborn, Garcia Moreno, LaRabida, Loyola-Hyde Park, Lemont, Leo XIII., Madonna, Pinta, St. Joseph's, St. Philip Neri, St. Rita, San Salvador, Santa Marie, and Thomas Aquinas participated. There was a general committee to supervise all of the arrangements, which consisted of Austin E. Regan, chairman, William N. Guerin, vice-chairman, William Blondin, secretary, and Peter P. Kransz, treasurer. In addition there was a special committee to have direction 21. ColunoMan, April 9, 1920, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 439 of each ball. These were as follows : North side — Broadway Armory. William Skillen, chairman; R. J. Reynolds, P. V. McGuire, W. C. Napier, E. Heidkamp, E. E. Fleming, E. F. Connolly, G. Donechi. West side — Guyon's Paradise. M. J. Howlett, chairman; P. C. Nilles, J. Fischer, J. Guilfoyle, C. F. Goodwillie, Jr., P. F. Monahan, J. T. Broderick, J. P. Caulfield, J. A. Dono- van, T. Marron, T. Hasty, R. H. Campbell, J. Hoyne, M. Briz- lane, G. Carroll, J. C. Butler, Jr., G. Fox, G. J. Spatuzza, G. F. Goodwin. South side — White City Ballroom and Casino. J. McKeon, chairman; R. W. Darcy, J. A. Noonan, H. Rack, T. J. Mul- laney, W. McSweeney, E. Sheehy, E. J. Larmey, H. C. Jann, J. H. Corbett, C. P. Quinlan, A. E. Broderick, J. T. Gallagher, E. M. Harrington, P. Kelly, E. Seidensticker, G. Miller, M. Dreger, M. Leahy, A. F. Meyer, G. LeBeau, E. I. Kelly, W. Burns, J. M. Dubois, J. Sullivan, W. Cavanaugh. There was also a Publicity Committee composed of the following members: E. J. Mooney, chairman; W. J. Clark, J. C. Daley, R. Tansey, E. B. Orne, M. F. Geraty, T. F. Mc- Carthy, H. J. Flannery, J. O'Meara, J. Gerlich.^^ So satisfactory and successful were these undertakings that arrangements liave been made to repeat the program in 1922, with the thought that similar arrangements would be made annually. LAY RETREATS The Chicago Chapter undertook the matter of lay retreats on a large scale in the year 1910. On the evening of the 28th, 29th and 30th of September retreats were held in several dif- ferent churches in different parts of Chicago. On the West side Holy Family Church was selected ; on the South side Holy Angels, and on the North side, St. Vincent 's Church where the retreat was preached by Rev. Francis X. McCabe, C. M., Presi- 22. ColumMan, Oct. 7, 1921. 440 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS dent of De Paul University. At Holy Family Church, Rev. Bernard Vaughan, of England, preached. At Holy Angels Church, Rev. Thomas E. Shannon, Vicar-General of the Peoria diocese preached the retreat. This was one of the most suc- cessful undertakings of the Chicago Knights. The retreats were well attended by large numbers of members and also by other Catholic laymen.^^ The Chapter retreat of 1912 was held on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, October 30 and 31, and November 1st. The churches selected were Our Lady of Sorrows, Jackson Boulevard and Albany Avenue ; St. Ambrose's, 47th and Ellis Avenue; St. Vincent's, Webster and Sheffield Avenues; Ascen- sion, Jackson St., and Scoville Avenue; St. Lucy's, Lake Street and Franklin; St. Patrick's, 95th and Commercial Avenue.^* As time passed the retreat plans enlarged. That for 1915 was arranged for twenty-one districts, and held in the follow- ing churches : Our Lady of Sorrows ; St. John the Baptist ; St. Vincent's; Holy Rosary; St. Marten's; St. Ignatius; St. Syl- vester; St. Cyril's; St. Mel's; St. Pius; St. Patrick's; St. Mary's (Paulist) ; Mary Queen of Heaven; St. Bridget's; St. Agnes'; St. Mary's; St. Patrick's (South Chicago) ; St. Ber- nardine's; St. Francis Xavier; St. Patrick's (Lemont), and St. Joseph's ( Summit ).^'^ The retreat for 1916 was held on the 17th, 18th and 19th of May. On the North side at St. Vincent de Paul; on the South side at St. Lawrence's, St. Anne's and St. Brendan's; on the West side, St. Charles Borromeo's and Our Lady of Sorrows ; on the Northwest side at St. Sylvester 's, and outside Chicago at Ascension Church, Harvey, Illinois, It was esti- mated that 8,000 persons made this retreat.^^ The war interrupted the annual retreats, as it did many other activities, and particularly in view of the fact that some 23. Golumhian, Oct. 7. 1910, p. 3. 24. Columbian, Oct. 25, 1911, p. 1, and Nov. 8, p. 3. 25. Golumhian, March 26, 1915. p. 3. 26. Golumhian, May 5, 1916, p. 1. 442 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the religious orders took up the work of retreats regularly, the Knights of Columbus have not revived this work since the war. OUTINGS The first outing of the Chicago Chapter was held in River- view Park, September 1, 1906. At this time the Order was ten years old in the West, and the outing took on to an extent the features of a Tenth Anni- versary Celebration. Headquarters were established in the Casino Building, and the morning and afternoon were spent by the assembled guests in viewing the attractions of Riverview Park, and in picnicking parties. The formal exercises took place at 8 o'clock in the evening, and were opened by the President of the Chapter, John J. Ryan, in a forceful address. National Advocate, Patrick L. McArdle, was next introduced, to speak in place of the State Deputy, Lewis E. Sauter. Mr. McArdle made an eloquent address and paid a glowing tribute to the great bandmaster, Patrick Conway, who led the music at this big amusement Park for so many years. This outing was well attended and was an auspicious begin- ning for the many annual gatherings under the auspices of the Chicago Chapter.^^ The outing of the Knights of Columbus in 1908, was held at River View Park Grove on July 18th, 1908. During the day the festivities took the form of a basket picnic gathering. In the evening a meeting was held in the big auditorium, presided over by James Donahoe, President of the Chapter, at which the Hon. J. B. Sullivan of Des Moines, Iowa, delivered a stir- ring oration. The music was of an exceptional nature, the big concert band being led by the great bandmaster, Patrick Conway. Mr. 27. Columbian, Sept. 8, 1906, p. 2. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER • 443 J. Pariiell Egan was soloist and the DeSoto Council Glee Club entertained with numerous popular selections.^* The Chapter outing, held July 29, 1911, at Ravinia, was a very notable affair. Members of the order in the thousands, by means of the Northwestern passenger service, in auto- mobiles and otherwise, flocked to the great park and, after enjoying a basket picnic, attended the various features of entertainment. There was a baseball game between picked nines, which was greatly enjoyed, a magnificent concert in the great pavilion, and continuous dancing in the beautiful ballroom. This was largely a free and easy outing, and was certainly very much enjoyed by the members and their families and friends. A number of snapshots published in the Columbian of August 4, 1911, illustrated well the pleasures of the day.-'' The 1912 Chapter outing was held on July 27th, and it is recorded that that was *Hhe fairest day of the year." The outing was held on the grounds of St. Mary's Training School near Desplaines. ' * A conservative estimate placed the attend- ance at not less than 10,000. ' ' Foot races, horse races, not forgetting the slow mule, jumping, baseball and dancing added to the interest and enjoyment of the occasion. By no means the least enjoy- able feature of the picnic was the basket lunch on the green- sward. There was besides the spacious cafeteria of the insti- tution, which was taxed to its capacity. "The visitors were not the only persons to whom the day was a source of delight. The little folks at the institution had scarcely dreamed there were so many people in the whole wide world as suddenly dropped down upon them, all the beautiful ladies and fine gentlemen just like a story in a book, and they were all anxious to talk to them, and took pleasure in hearing them 28. Columhian, July 17, 1908, p. 1. 29. GolumMan, Aug. 4, 1911, pp. 1-2. 444 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS talk and sing. Poor little waifs they were who had seen more of hardship in their few years than many of the visitors were destined to know in their long lives." "As the crowds trooped through the numerous, but spot- lessly clean rooms and over the miles of polished tile-floored corridors, all marveled at each new evidence of efficiency and sanitation joined, and as every visitor, without exception we think, knelt for a moment in the beautiful chapel, each breathed a prayer of thanksgiving for the favors granted these little ones through Holy Church, and begged Divine blessings upon the able Archbishop to whose efforts the success of the institution is due, and upon the good Sisters and the Keverend Chaplain immediately charged with the work. "30 The Chapter outing for 1913 also was held on the grounds of St. Mary's Training School, Desplaines, Illinois, on Satur- day, July 26, 1913. The attendance was estimated at 10,000, and the outing was voted even a greater success than that of the year previous held in the same place.^^ The Chapter outing of 1914 was held on August 8, in the picnic grove at Riverview Park. A particularly enjoyable feature of this outing was the concert by the Irish Choral Society of 200 voices, with Mrs. Rose Lutiger Gannon, contralto, and J. Parnell Egan, tenor. The orchestra was under the direction of Signor Paul Pavel- chack. Kennedy's orchestra from Illinois Council also fur- nished music. The track events were especially enjoyable. 3- The following account of the Chicago Chapter outing for 1915 is a fair expression of the success of that under- taking : "The Chicago Chapter outing of 1915 will take its place in history as one of the most successful and enjoyable festivities ever given by the Knights of Columbus. Brothers of the numerous councils and their 30. Editorial in CoUimhian. Aug. 2, li»12, p. 2 31. Columbian. Auk. 1. 19ia. 32. Columbian, Au?. 14, 1914, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 445 PRESIDENTS CHICAGO CHAPTER John T. Lillis, John E. Byrnes, Jeremiah A. Kennelly, Arthur Donoghue 446 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS families and friends poured into Eiverview Picnic Grove to the num- ber of 15,000. "The weather was perfect; the entertainment was abundant and meritorious, and the crowd large. It was not only a pleasant time, but the financial returns were satisfactory. "A new feature was introduced in the way of tent homes for the councils, each council having its own tent. These were the centers of many pleasant gatherings. "A big feature of this outing was the athletic meet. A keen interest was shown in this work not only by large numbers of friends of the contestants, but by the great bulk of the visitors in attendance. ' ' 33 The Chapter outing of 1916 was held at Riverview Park, Saturday, July 30. The weather was unpropitious and the great heat evidently prevented many from enjoying the outing. It was nevertheless successful to a high degree. Especial praise was given the concert by the Calumet Council band under the directorship of Mr. Kennedy. The solos by Miss Gladys M. Easter and Mr. John Dromey were of the highest merit and greatly appreciated. There were the usual races and track events and an interesting game of baseball between the teams of Carroll and Santa Maria Councils.^* The Chicago Chapter outing of 1917 was held in Dellwood Park on July 22. It was under the immediate direction of John T. Lillis, President of the Chapter, and Thomas F. O'Connell, Chairman of the Entertainment Committee. The sports program was unusually enjoyable, and the concert by the Joliet band, with Miss Margaret Dillon as soloist was very satisfactory. In all respects the outing was a splendid success.^^ The war interrupted the Chapter outings, and that form of activity has not been revived. LANDING DAY CELEBRATIONS As has been seen, the Knights of Columbus throughout the United States carried out a successful campaign for the pur- 33. Columbian, Sept. 17, 1915, p. 1. 34. Columbian, Aug. 4, 1916, p. 1. 35. Gohimbiatt, July 27, 1917, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 447 pose of having October 12th, the day upon which Christopher Columbus landed at San Salvador, thus becoming the dis- coverer of the Western Continent, made a legal holiday in the several states. Beginning with the proposal of Anthony Czarnecki, of General James Shields Council, and spreading to other councils and to the Chicago Chapter and the State Council itself, the movement was set on foot in Illinois, with the result that the legislature passed an act, which was ap- proved by the governor on May 10, 1909, making October 12th, a State Holiday.^" Even before the state took such action the City Council of the city of Chicago, at the solicitation of prominent Knights of Columbus, made October 12, 1908, a legal holiday in Chi- cago. On October 11, 1908, soutliside Knights of Columbus, with the co-operation of the South Park Board, dedicated a statue of Columbus in Calumet Park. The dedication cere- monies included a creditable parade, and an eloquent address by Hon. George E. Clark, of South Bend, Indiana. On the same evening a Vesper Service was held at St. Vincent's Church.^^ The first formal and so to speak elaborate Landing Day observance occurred in 1909, when the Chicago Chapter cele- brated Columbus Day on October 12, in an especially fitting manner. In the morning solemn High Mass was celebrated at the Cathedral of the Holy Name; in the afternoon there was a pageant in Jackson Park. In the south lagoon lay the Columbus caravels nearby the model of the La Rabida convent, fully equipped and with sails set. Here addresses were made by prominent men. In the evening a mass meeting was held at Orchestra Hall, at which the Paulist Choristers, under the direction of Rev. J. Finn, C. S. P., rendered a delightful musical program. The first speaker of the evening was Hon. Charles S. Cutting, 36. See State Statutes, "Legal Holidays." 3',-. Columbian, Oct. 2, 1908, pp. 7, 10 and 8. 448 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Judge of the Probate Court of Cook County, who spoke on "Pre-Columbian Expositions." Hon. Marcus Kavanagh, Judge of the Superior Court of Cook County, delivered an address on "Columbus and his Mission," and Hon. Peter S. Grosscup, Judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, spoke on "Providence in History." Miss Margaret Slattery rendered a vocal selection; Miss Clara Thurston, a harp selection, and Mrs. William F. Ryan, wife of the Master of the Fourth Degree, a selection on the great organ.^^ The 1910 celebration of Landing Day was notable. His Grace, Most Rev. James Edward Quigley, Archbishop of Chi- cago, summed up the events of the day as "fitting and satis- factory. ' ' The day 's observance was begun by Pontifical High Mass at the Cathedral. In the afternoon an immense con- course of children gathered at Jackson Park to witness a Pageant of the Columbus Caravels. This pageant was per- haps the richest in historical allusions of all the Columbus Day observances. In the evening a great banquet was par- ticipated in in the Gold Room of the Congress Hotel, at which James S. Sherman, Vice-President of the United States ; Hon. Peter Grosscup, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals, and Hon. Charles Murphy, Secretary of State of Canada, de- livered addresses. Most Rev. James Edward Quigley, D. D., Archbishop of Chicago, attended the banquet, as did Rev. E. F. Hoban, Chancellor of the Archdiocese; Very Rev. A. J. Burrowes, S. J., President of Loyola University; Very Rev. M. J. Fitzsimmons, Pastor of Holy Name Cathedral; former mayors Carter H. Harrison, John P. Hopkins and Edward F. Dunne. A large number of prominent citizens and for- eign representatives, were present, including Gustavo de Obaldio, Consul of Panama; Stewart R. Alexander, Consul of Brazil; Francisco E. Enright, Consul of Argentine Re- public; Eduardo Patterson, Consul of Cuba, and Jule F. Brown, Consul of Guatemala. The committee having in charge 38. CohnnMan, Oct. 8, 1909, p. 3, and lb., Oct. 15, 1909, p. 8. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 449 this great event consisted of Anthony Czarneeki, Chairman; Francis D. Connery, E. J. McMahon, W. E. Fuller, John E. Byrnes, Daniel McCabe, Edward Larkin, George Mulligan, J. P. McCann, Paul Larmer, James Donahoe, John J. Leonard. A. M. Doolin, Thomas P. Farrell, LeRoy Hackett, M. J. Hogan and George LeBeau.^" JOHN P. MIIXBR Madonna Council MICHAEL F. GIRTEN Englewood Council The Landing Day celebration in 1911 was a reproduction on a small scale of the voyage of Columbus. The Columbus Caravels were equipped for sailing, and after a program at Jackson Park the actors in the drama embarked upon the cara- 39. Columbian, Oct. 14, 1910, p. 2. 450 KNIGHTS OF COLU^IBUS IN ILLINOIS vels at the harbor at 67th street and sailed to Grant Park, where a landing was effected. At Grant Park the mayor, Carter H. Harrison, and a committee from the council wel- comed the navigators, who were all in costume, and who en- acted a most interesting pageant. A moving picture story of the life and voyages of the great navigator was then shown in Music Hall of the Fine Arts Building. At 6 :30 a banquet was served.*" On October 12, 1912, "Christopher Columbus, with his gallant crew, again made the voyage from Jackson Park to Grant Park in the caravel 'Santa Maria' and commemorated the 420th anniversary of the discovery of America. Owing to the strong wind of the day, following the heavy storm of the previous night, it was deemed inadvisable to risk sailing the remaining two caravels, the Nina and the Pinta. Nearly 100,000 persons witnessed the historical pageant at various points of vantage, from the commencement of the voyage at La Rabida Convent to its termination at Grant Park, when 'Land Ho' was sounded opposite the Chicago Yacht Club on the Lake Front at 4:30 p. m." There were exercises at Jackson Park before the starting of the pilgrimage, including an interesting and forceful address by the Rev. M. J. Dorney. Arriving off Grant Park Mr. John E. Byrnes representing Columbus, with a retinue of aids, cavaliers, acolytes and sail- ors, rowed to the shore, planted the Spanish colors in the name of Queen Isabella. An immense throng had gathered in Grant Park, including members of the Knights of Columbus and representatives of the various Italian societies and other patriotic citizens. At the conclusion of the ceremonies, ending with the erec- tion of a cross and the offering of prayers, Columbus was wel- comed by officials of the State Council and the Chicago Chap- ter, and preceded by the Calumet Council band and orchestra, led by a platoon of mounted police, they marched to the Chap- 40. Oohimbian, Oct. 6, 1911, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 451 ter headquarters, 116 S. Michigan avenue, where a reception was held.*^ Landing Day in 1913 fell on Sunday, and was elaborately observed in Chicago. The opening feature was a solemn pon- tifical High Mass at the Cathedral of the Holy Name, with Right Rev. Paul P. Rhode as celebrant, assisted by a number of the clergy. Rt. Rev, Alexander J. McGavick, D. D., preached an eloquent sermon on the duties of citizenship, tak- ing for his text the well-known command ' ' Render, therefore, to Caesar the things that are Csesar 's. ' ' In the afternoon the historical drama, Christopher Colum- bus, written especially for the occasion by Joseph P. Farrell, was presented at the Illinois Theater under the auspices of the Chicago Chapter. The drama was pronounced a distinct suc- cess, both from a standpoint of rendition and attendance.^- A lesson in American history was borne home to the school children of Chicago on Landing Day, October 12, 1914, when Columbus and his captains on board the Columbus caravels in Jackson Park delivered the historic ships to the children for their part in the day's program. The program began when a tall figure in red doublet and hose stepped right out of the history books into the midst of hundreds of school children crowded aboard the sailing vessels Pinta and Nina. It was Christopher Columbus, boots, sword and all, and he was followed by several personages who had detached themselves from the same pages of history to disport on the holiday. " It 's my birthday, ' ' said Christopher Columbus, while the children cheered and applauded around him, "and I guess I'll give you this famous ship." Whereupon Christopher unsheathed his sword and gave it to a little Miss named Winifred Ferry, who goes to the Wads- worth school and who said, ** Thank you." 41. Columbian, Oct. 18, 1912, p. 1. 42. Oolumhian, Oct. 17, 1913, pp. 1-2. 452 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The children crowded close around the hero of 1492 and plied him with innumerable questions. There were a great many things old Christopher could tell and of which his young admirers had gained a small inkling in their history lessons. To their intense delight Columbus raised his hands to his forehead and, shading his eyes, and looking out over the water at Jackson Park, cried, ' ' Land ahoy. ' ' Then a reception committee entirely diiferent from the one in 1492, being full dressed and most highly civilized, received Columbus. After the reception aboard ship, Columbus landed. Every eye was upon the historic figure. Four hundred and twenty- two years ago a man looking just like that had walked sol- emnly ashore at San Salvador and made the important dis- covery of America. Hundreds of school children stationed along the shore — not of San Salvador, but of Jackson Park, this time — rushed out to greet the intrepid voyager. They clustered around him and filled their hearts with joy, calling : ' ' Hello, Mr. Columbus, have a nice trip ? ' ' After this there were speeches in which the serious side of the program was brought out. America's great position in the world as a country of peace was touched upon by the speakers. Then followed the signing of a singular petition, asking the South Park commissioners to seek the return of the Santa Maria, the third Columbus caravel, which was supposed to be in Boston harbor. The Santa Maria, with the Nina and Pinta, was taken out some time before for an exhibition trip. The Nina and Pinta were abandoned in Lake Erie and brought back to Chicago by friends. Among the visitors at Jackson Park were Antonio Navarro, East Panama Consul to Chicago ; Berthold Singer, consul for Spain, Costa Eica and Nicaragua ; Juan Moffit, consul of Uru- guay, and J. B. Balleras, consul from Honduras. Robert M. Sweitzer presided. The guests of honor in- eluded Berthold Singer, consul of Spain, and the consular THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 453 representatives of eight South American republics; James Maher, supreme director of the Knights of Columbus; Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, of the Chicago Historical Society, and Charles S. Peterson, of the school board, spoke of the voyage of Columbus and the place of the early navigators in American history. Captain Richards, of the South Park commissioners gave assurances that the Santa Maria would be returned to Chi- cago in time to participate in the celebration of Landing Day, 1915. James T. Berney acted the part of Columbus, Francis J. Mahon and James J. 'Shea acted the part of the captains. At the conclusion of the program Columbus and his captains were besieged by the school children who wished to meet the father of the Americas.*^ In the evening a large meeting assembled at Orchestra Hall and listened to eloquent addresses by Rev. Henry S. Spalding, S. J., and State Deputy William N. Brown. Louis J. Behan, President of the Chapter, presided. These excellent addresses were printed in full in the Columbian of October 23, 1914." The 423rd anniversary of the landing of Christopher Co- lumbus, patron of the Knights of Columbus, upon San Sal- vador, was jointly celebrated on Tuesday, October 12, 1915, by the Chicago Chapter and LaSalle Assembly Fourth De- gree Knights of Columbus. Chicago, with closed schools, suspended governmental func- tions and a general holiday spirit joined and partook of the excellent programs offered in different parts of the city, prin- cipally under the auspices of the Knights of Columbus. The committee in charge of the program arranged by the Chicago Chapter reported crowded houses at each entertain- ment and the success of the pageant under the auspices of the LaSalle Assembly was far beyond the greatest expectations. 43. Columbian, Oct. 16, 1914, p. 2. t4. Columhian, Oct. 23, 1914, pp. 1-2. 454 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The pageant at Jackson Park was a reproduction of the appeal by Columbus before the Court of Isabella, Queen of Aragon. Miss Dolores Cassinelly, one of the most typically beautiful Italian girls of Chicago, played the role of Queen, and Hon, Bernard P. Barasa represented Columbus. The historic pageant was followed by a symbolic tableau, the central figure of which was Queen Columbia, with two peace goddesses in attendance. Children, bearing flags of every nation, marched before them. Miss Marian Agnew was selected as one of the goddesses. Miss Lillian Murphy the other. Miss Rose McGuire was chosen to enact the part of Columbia, and presided over the Court of Nations. The ceremony was staged at La Rabida Convent, within sight of the caravels, the Nina and Pinta, upon which the 1915 Columbus and his crew embarked, depicting the de- parture at Palos, Spain, to seek a new world. The caravels were rigged and decorated for the celebration under direction of Captain Cornelius Hallahan, marshal of the day. The Chicago Chapter arranged for speakers and a musical program at the following places: On the north side, St. Al- phonse's Auditorium; the west side. Presentation Hall, and the south side, St. Ann's Auditorium. Peter P. Kransz was chairman of the meeting on the north side and the principal speaker was former Judge Michael F. Girten, who delivered a fitting address on ''The True Amer- ican." Louis J. Behan was chairman on the west side and Hon. George E. Gorman, the speaker, held his audience by a mas- terful address, on "The True Patriot." William J. Shelley presided at the south side meeting and Judge John P. McGoorty pleased his audience with a stirring address on "The American Citizen,"*^ The arrangements for the observance of Columbus Day were not quite so elaborate in 1916 as those of some former 45. Columbian, Oct. 15, 1915, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 455 occasions. In that year the Entertainment Committee of the Chicago Chapter arranged for an informal dinner, representa- tive of all the councils, which was held at the Auditorium on October 12. The speakers of the occasion were Rt. Rev. Peter CHICAGO CHAPTER OFFICE Edward J. McMahon, Damen Council ; William E. Meade, La Rabida Council J. Muldoon, State Chaplain of the Order, and Mr. J. Madison Walsh, State Deputy of Indiana. Music was furnished by the Columbia Quartette.*^ Due to the fact that the country was in the throes of war there was no celebration of Columbus Day in 1917 and 1918. 46. Columbian, Oct. 13, 1916, p. 1. 456 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS On Saturday evening, October 12, 1919, Illinois Council celebrated Landing Day with a banquet in honor of its home- coming soldiers, sailors and servicemen. Edward N. Hurley, Chairman of the United States Shipping Board, was the prin- cipal speaker. Other speakers were Rev. George T. McCarthy, Captain Chaplain at Fort Sheridan, Jerome J. Crowley, State Deputy Edward Houlihan, James C. O'Brien and Judge Charles V. Barrett." Columbus Day, October 12, 1920, was marked in Chicago by a pretty and historically interesting ceremony. It was the unveiling of the anchor of Columbus' Flagship at the Colon- nade in Grant Park at Randolph street and Michigan avenue. The ceremony was planned and executed by the Chicago Eve- ning American for the edification of the school children of Chicago. Among those who took part in the unveiling of the anchor were State Secretary of the Knights of Columbus, Henry J. Lynch, impersonating Columbus ; Miss Victoria Warnesson, honorary Grand Lady of the Ladies of Isabella, who impersonated Queen Isabella, and George F. Mulligan, District Deputy of the Knights of Columbus, Master of Cere- monies. Francis 'Shaughuessy, Past Grand Knight of Mar- quette Council, delivered an address on Columbus. Mr. Frank McGlinn, impersonator of Abraham Lincoln, in the great Lincoln drama, was present as "Abraham Lincoln," and Miss Mae Carter was "Miss Chicago." The pageant was suggested to the Chicago Evening Amer- ican by Mr. Thomas A. 'Shaughuessy and supervised for the newspaper by William J. Clark.*^ As will be seen, the principal celebration of Columbus Day, 1921, was under the auspices of La Salle Assembly Fourth Degree.^" The Foch reception, only six days before Landing Daj^, in a manner took on the aspect of a general Columbus Dav celebration. 47. Columbian, Oct. 10, 1919, p. 1. 48. Columbian, Oct. 15, 1920, p. 1. 49. See Chapter XI. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 457 RELIEF WORK OF THE CHICAGO CHAPTER From the very beginning the Chicago Chapter has been the clearing house for emergency relief cases. Naturally, activi- ties of this nature would not be suitable for specific publicity. The eases where members find themselves stranded and obliged to seek help are rare, except where an accident or injury, or some unforeseen circumstance has intervened. It is the ex- perience of the officers in charge at Chapter headquarters that very little of what is sometimes termed "touching" is prev- alent, but a very large number of really deserving cases have come under the jurisdiction of the Eelief Committee. While nobody would expect that a schedule of relief cases would be published, it may not be regarded as inappropriate that the character of the relief work accomplished by the Chapter he indicated. An example of relief may be mentioned, a case which occurred in 1910. Alfred Murphy, a member of Marcos de Niza Council No. 1189, Phoenix, Arizona, who was sojourning in Chicago, died here, and the Relief Committee of the Chapter took charge of his funeral, procured a grave in the cemetery, and placed a headstone to his memory.^" In the same year Leonard Birkle, of Los Angeles Council No. 621, died in Chicago, and his funeral was taken charge of by the Relief Committee of the Chapter.^^ Early in January, 1916, Alexander P. Kellett, a wealthy retired railroad contractor of Spokane, Washington, joined the Knights of Columbus through Spokane Council No. 683. In July, scarcely six months later, he and his wife reached Chicago, where he was stricken with a fatal illness, and died at the Presbyterian Hospital. Alone in her bereavement, Mrs. Kellett found a friend in Chicago Chapter. She had never heard of Chicago Chapter, but there was a patient in an ad- joining room, a Father Rice, who knew of the Chapter and its work. There was also in the office of the hospital an iden 50. Chapter Records, 1910. 51. Chapter Records, 1910. 458 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS tification card. Word was sent from the hospital to the Chap- ter, and within an hour the Executive Secretary, Edward J. McMahon, Chairman of the Chapter Relief Committee, called upon Mrs. Kellett at the hospital. Mrs. Kellett discovered to her surprise that she was no longer friendless and alone among strangers. The remains were taken to Gleeson 's Under- taking Parlor, 3718 S. Halsted street, and several members of the councils in that vicinity (Daniel Dowling, Leo XIII, Madonna and LaRabida) called at the rooms that evening. The remains were shipped back to Spokane on the following morning. An escort was provided by the Chicago Knights from the undertaker's establishment to the train, and a few others met the funeral party at the station and remained until the departure of the train. A wire was sent to the Grand Knight of Spokane Council, advising him when the remains would arrive.^^ A case where the Chicago Chapter did a good service to a brother visiting Chicago, was that of James Morrow, of Elk- hart, Indiana. In March, 1916, while hurrying to the depot, Mr. Morrow was struck by a large auto truck, carried a few feet, and pinned against the uprights of the elevated rail- way structure. When released he was hurried in an ambu- lance to the County Hospital, and recorded as "Unidentified man, white, about 35 years old, 5 feet 10 inches tall. ' ' He had in the lapel of his coat, however, a Knights of Columbus em- blem. The policeman who brought him, and the clerk who received him, were non-Catholic, but they knew from previous experience and from the public press that the Knights of Columbus maintained a headquarters, and at once communi- cated with the Executive Secretary of the Chapter. The Secretary, as soon as possible, got in touch with the Chairman of the Visiting Committee, who sent the member of the com- mittee of that territory to Mr. Morrow 's bedside at once. The visiting knight notified the wife and family of the injured 52. Columbian, Aug. 11, 1916, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 459 man, and advised her to come to Chicago at once. Mrs. Mor- row was met at the Chicago depot by a member of the com- mittee and taken to the hospital ; a safe and inexpensive place for her to remain nearby was secured. The wives of the com- mitteemen visited her, and she was made to feel that she was among friends. Morrow was not fatally injured, but was laid up in the hospital for some time, where he was frequently visited by members of the committee and other Knights of Columbus. When able to travel, but still too weak to journey alone, a Chicago knight, acting for the Chicago Chapter, ac- companied him to Elkhart.^^ One night early in March, 1917, Brother G , of Mor- ristown, New Jersey, was carried into the Englewood Union Hospital, unconscious from heart attack. He carried the emblem of the Knights of Columbus with him, and the hos- pital attendant seeing it, compared it with the emblems of the 3rd and 4th degrees printed on the Chapter's visiting and relief card, with which every hospital, police station, under- taking establishment and hotel in Chicago is supplied, and recognized the patient as a Knight of Columbus and notified the Chapter headquarters. Members of the Visiting Commit- tee visited the hospital at once, wired to the Grand Knight of Morristown Council, and had an answer requesting that the brother be cared for. By direction of the committee the sick member was removed to another hospital, and later to the infirmary at Oak Forest, where he recovered. During all his sickness he was visited by brothers, and his stay in the hos- pital made as comfortable and agreeable as possible.^* In March, 1917, Arthur Donoghue, Grand Knight of Mar- quette Council, received a message from the Grand Knight ot Helena (Montana) Council, stating that an aged and almost helpless brother was leaving Helena for Grand Rapids, Michi- gan, to end his days with relatives there. While on the train 53. ColumMan, March 31, 1916, p. 1. 54. ColumMan, March 23, 1917, p. 1. 460 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the old gentleman was being eared for by members of the order among the train crew. Would the Chicago brothers see that the invalid was taken care of here? Mr, Donoghue notified the Chapter, and the chairman of the Relief Committee was informed. Early Thursday morning the train rolled into the Union Station, and the train crew assisted the feeble old man to the platform. As he looked about wonderingly, Brother Barton and his associates of the Relief Committee stepped up. "We represent the Knights of Columbus of Chicago," said Barton, "and will take care of this man," With mutual thanks the local Knights took leave of the trainmen and took the old gentleman with them and put him in safe hands aboard the Pere Marquette train. In parting with the Chicago Knights of Columbus the old gentleman said, "I am happier than I have been in a long time. I was afraid of Chicago and the transferring here. I didn't think I could do it, but the part of the trip I dreaded most has been the pleasantest. Although I have been a Knight of Columbus a long time, I never realized until today what it meant. I may never be able to help anyone, but I can and will pray for you and the Order. ' ''^^ These are but a few instances in which the Chapter was able to be of service in emergencies. The Relief Committee has always been alert and interested in all deserving cases. CHRISTMAS CHEER WORK The Christmas Cheer Work, so-called, of the Chicago Chap- ter has been the most satisfying of all the Chapter 's activities. While it is not intended as a permanent benefit to any one, yet the spirit disseminated at Christmas time by the Chapter com- mittees, usually joined in by committees from the women's organizations, that have more or less relationship to the mem- bers of the Knights of Columbus, is most valuable. The idea of the Christmas Cheer Work was proposed originally in the October meeting (1911) of the Governing 55. ColumUan, March 30, 1917, p. 1. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 461 Board of the Chicago Chapter by John F. Miller, Madonna Council, then a member of the Chapter's Board of Directors. Mr. Miller's suggestion had reference to the supplying of reading matter or libaries at the institutions. The subject was discussed and the idea of toys, food, fruit, tobacco pipes, etc., for the inmates was introduced by the President of the Chapter, "William N. Brown. On motion a committee was appointed, to be known as the Christmas Committee, with authority to solicit funds from the councils to be devoted to gifts at Christmas time to insti- tution inmates. The first fund amounted to about $700.00, and was dis- tributed in foodstuffs in a half-dozen institutions. The leading spirits in this early Christmas Cheer body were William N. Brown, Illinois, then president of the Chicago Chapter; John F. Miller, the instigator of the movement, and Finley Bell, the committee's first chairman. The nestor of the Christmas Cheer Committee is John Raleigh Hughes, who was appointed to the committee by Wil- liam N. Brown in 1912, and to date has an unbroken record to his credit, having served for ten consecutive years. Brother Peter W. Hayes, Americus ; A. L. Fik, Father Set- ters; Arthur Donoghue, Marquette, and Harry J. Gerardin, Chicago, joined the committee in 1914 and are still "in service" after eight consecutive years on the committee. The first named was the committee 's secretary for one year, and the last named held that post for four years. Brother Donoghue served as committee chairman during 1918, 1919, 1920 and 1921, in which year he was elected to the Chapter presidency. Three members of the committee have a record of seven years. They are : John F. Miller, Madonna, 1911 to 1917 ; Jos. M. Powers, Oak Park, 1914 to 1920, and Hugo J. P. Haub, San Salvador, 1915 to 1921. Among the six-year men is Jos. E. Walsh, Daniel Dowling (later iVrchbishop McHale), 1912 to 1917. He was chairman 462 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the committee for five years. Others were Walter Gaboriault, Blue Island, and Wm. J. Kelly, Bishop Kettler, both 1916 to 1921. Brother Kelly was elected secretary of the committee late in 1921. Records of five years of service are held by M. J. Tierney, Illinois, 1912 to 1916, and by John Kennedy, Archbishop McHale; August Warnesson, Tonti, and C. N. Bartodziej, all 1917 to 1921. The record of four-year men is longer and includes Harry S. Wilkins, Damen, who represented Feehan Council from 1911 to 1914; John J. Guthrie, Father Perez, 1912 to 1915; John Burke, Father Perez, 1914 to 3917, and the following members who were first appointed in 1918 : Edmond P. Den- nehy, Daniel Bowling; John Reilly, St. Patrick's ; John O'Con- nor, Damen; Ed V. Cox, Irving Park (later Father O'Con- nor) ; Ed McNamara, Calumet; Chas. Witthoeft, Commercial; James J. Gillen, Hildebrand ; James D. Stacy, Phil Sheridan ; John E. Kavanagh, and Thos. J. Garrity. The active men who have served since 1919, or three years, are James B. Carney, Fort Dearborn, committee secretary for one and one-half years, who resigned that post to accept the assistant secretaryship of Chicago Chapter; Chas. Lutz, St. Augustine; Jos. M. Jansky, Thomas Aquinas, and Alex. McGuire, Cardinal. The following were appointed to the committee in 1920, and by their activity since holding membership, give evidence of long continuing in the work : Peter C. Holm, Father Perez ; Frank Ropinske, General Sherman; Phil Sullivan, Newman; Fred Massmann, Columbus; John T. Donahue, Loyola-Hyde Park; Albert Fenlon, Chas. Carroll; M. B. Brislane, Nazareth, and August Ronda. In 1912 the fund rose to about $1,500.00, twice the sum of the original fund. Ninety dollars of this came from twenty individuals. Some toys were given out, but foodstuffs re- mained the staple gift. Seventeen institutions were cared for THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 463 and about 4,000 inmates. Entertainment was brought to two institutions. In this year the offer of the Ladies of Isabella to care for the girls at such institutions as their funds would permit them to embrace was made for the first time and accepted. Since that year this co-operation has been annually rendered the Cheer Committee, growing larger each year. The part of Santa Claus at St. Mary's in Desplaines in 1912 was enacted by the then Eev. Edward F. Hoban, chan- cellor of the archdiocese, since made auxiliary bishop of Chicago. In 1913, Louis J. Behan, Loyola, became Chapter president, and Jos. E, Walsh, then of Bowling, became chairman of the Christmas Cheer Committee. The fund grew to $2,000.00; eighteen institutions were cared for and about 4,500 inmates. The gifts in this and subsequent years ran almost ex- slusively to playthings for the children, and wearing apparel, toilet articles, etc., for the other charges. Solicitation for individual contributions was first given consideration in 1914, when a select list of 1,100 Catholic men was compiled and canvassed. As a result of this solicitation, contributions were received from 225 individuals, and these, with the usual council donations, brought the total fund up to about $2,500.00. Fifteen institutions were cared for and about 4,000 inmates, and this number was augmented by 1,200 unemployed and per- sons of poor families who were aided to the extent of a dinner or a basket of groceries. John T. Lillis, of Illinois Council, became president of the Chicago Chapter in 1915, and during his incumbency of two years was one of the Cheer Committee 's most active workers. Peter W. Hayes, Americus, became in this year the commit- tee's first secretary. The fund was about the same in size as was the one raised 464 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS in the previous year, and the records otherwise are very much similar. For two years the work of extending relief to poor families and to the unemployed was carried on, but the reports of re- sults were very unsatisfactory. In a committee which is active over a period of but ninety days, it is impossible to make a proper investigation of the worthiness of appeals from poor families, and in 1916 the committee concluded that henceforth all such requests would be referred to the St. Vincent de Paul Society, an organization better fitted to render poor aid, and since that time this society has been included among the com- mittee's beneficiaries. In this year (1916) the individual donations began to com- pete with the council contributions, the former being $1,393.10, while the latter was $1,482.55. Though the committee had acknowledged itself unable to properly reach the worthy poor of the city, it did not entirely give up the hope of bringing Christmas Cheer to the children of the poor, and as most of these were to be found through the Catholic day-nurseries and settlement houses, a number of these were added to the list of institutions cared for, and in 1916 these numbered thirty, housing approximately 6,000 per- sons. The next year saw the individual contributions topping the council donations by $10.00. About $3,500.00 was collected and expended upon the same number of institutions as in the year before. Arthur Donoghue, of Marquette Council, succeeded Brother Walsh in the chairmanship in 1918. In this year 1,900 per- sons gave a little less than $3,800.00, while from the council treasuries $2,000.00 more were subscribed. Thirty-six institu- tions were cared for and about 7,600 inmates. An important innovation was introduced in 1919, when the committee decided to discontinue its annual appeal for dona- tions from council treasuries and rely exclusively upon the gen- THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 465 erosity of the individual membership. The solicitation was made by mail with the aid of the complete address list in the possession of the publishers of the local organ, the Columbian. To enable all to have a share in the fund, the committee adopted the slogan "Give a quarter or more to Christmas Cheer," and 10,492 individuals responded with sums varying from 25 cents and up, bringing the total receipts over $6,000.00. With this sum 8,597 children and old people were cared for in thirty-eight institutions. In 1920, forty-one institutions were visited and 13,332 wards were the recipients of gifts at the hand of the Cheer Committee, whose fund had grown to about $9,000.00, received from 16,000 members of the order. The commercial unrest experienced in 1921 left its mark upon the record of the committee, and though the number of institutions remained the same, the roll of inmates grew to almost 15,000, while many donors of previous years withheld their contributions, and the total fund was less than the year before.^^ MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES OF THE CHAPTER For a time during 1906 and 1907 the Chicago Chapter maintained and encouraged a dramatic club. The greatest success of this organization was a comedy, "The Wonderful Woman," which was presented on several occasions. A per- formance v.as staged at Oakland Music Hall, April 25, 1907, and another at the Fort Dearborn Club on May 3. The per- formances of the Dramatic Club were staged in different parts of the city and under the auspices of the local councils in the various districts. The funds realized were used for the relief and employment work of the Chapter.^^ In the latter part of the year 1908 the Chicago Chapter completed and published a Catholic reading list, with an in- 56. Compiled from Chapter Records. /}7. Columbian, April 26, 1917, p. 1. 466 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS troduction by Most Rev. James Edward Quigley, D. D., Arch- bishop. The list included the names and library numbers of books by Catholic authors, or that were Catholic in their tone, to be found in the Chicago Public Library. It contained 3,000 titles, and was distributed practically free.^* In the year 1915 a Lyceum Bureau was organized in the Chapter. Henry J. Lynch was made Chairman of the Bureau, and an effort was made to popularize meritorious speakers and entertainments in the several councils. The work was con- tinued during 1916 and subsequent years.^^ In April, 1916, the Chicago Chapter provided for furnish- ing identification cards, reading as follows : "In case of injury or sudden illness to any man wearing either of the emblems indicated hereon, please notify the Chicago Chapter, Knights of Columbus." The card contained the telephone numbers and office hours of the Chapter headquarters, and on the reverse side the names and telephone numbers of the members of the committee who might be called at any time. These cards were placed in every hospital, undertaking establishment or morgue, police stations, hotels and such other places as it is usual to resort to with injured persons.®** Within a week after the Chicago Chapter headquarters was opened a list of employers and applicants for employment was begun, and the tabulated requests for employment filed in the Chapter offices appeared weekly in the Columbian. It is per- haps true that it would be impossible to fix upon any definite number of positions procured through the instrumentality of the Chapter, but as there has never been a time since the offices were opened in 1905 to the present that the Chapter did not have an employment department, it is safe to say that many hundreds have secured employment through this medium. 58. See copies at Chapter Headquarters. .59. .Tames J. O'Mally later conducted the Bureau. 60. See Chapter Records, 1916. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 467 When as the result of the war there was much unemployment on the part of service men, and much re-employment on the part of employers, the Chapter became an employment clear- ing house, and the headquarters for employment activities of the Order up to the time that the post war employment offices were opened by the Supreme Council, and resumed that posi- tion after the war employment offices were closed.^^ The Chicago Chapter was one of the most effective war- work agencies as will be seen in other chapters, the distribution of gifts and creature comforts. The following, published in the Columbian of January 23, 1920, puts briefly the scope of the Chicago Chapter : 1. It maintains downtown offices, reading rooms and club rooms at 165 "West Madison street, which are kept open at all times to all members of the order. 2. It maintains an employment bureau, through which thousands have obtained employment. 3. It extends the hand of charity and fraternity to mem- bers of the Councils and of other jurisdictions by extending relief to those in need and visiting those who are ill. 4. It extends fitting and proper courtesies to deceased members of other jurisdictions and to their relatives. 5. It represents the Councils in this jurisdiction in civic matters, in which an expression of the Knights of Columbus in the vicinity should be given. 6. It brings happiness and cheer to the children and women in our Catholic institutions at Christmas time through the distribution of gifts and creature comforts. 7. It furnishes committee rooms for representatives of the Councils to discuss matters not under the chapter juris- diction, such as baseball, golf, bowling, basketball and indoor baseball. 8. It promotes a closer relation between Councils through 61. See flies of OolumMan. 468 KNIGHTS OF COLUIVIBUS IN ILLINOIS acquaintance, exchange of ideas, etc., and thus brings about unity. 9. It renders assistance to Council officers in preparing for the exemplification of degrees. 10. It maintains a bureau through which high class enter- tainment and speakers may be obtained for Council meetings. 11. It encourages a proper celebration of Columbus Day. 12. It maintains a library, with magazines, pool tables, etc.«2 OFFICERS OF CHICAGO CHAPTER 1905 — Temporary • President Joseph J. Thompson Bloomington Secretary J. M. Kangley Leo XIII Committee Michael F. Girten Englewood 1905-1906 President John J. Ryan Phil Sheridan Vice-President J. J. McLaughlin Fort Dearborn Secretary Jerome J. Crowley De Soto Treasurer P. C. Gibbons LaFayette Warden J. J. Owens Illinois Guard James McLennan Chas. Carroll Director John T. McEnery Damen Director John R. Ford* Marquette Director Wm. F. Ryan* Illinois Director Wm. N. Brownt Illinois Director Harry P. Kenny t La Rabida 'Resigned 1905 and succeeded by f. 1907 President Jerome J. Crowley De Soto Vice-President James Donahoe Charles Carroll Secretary Joseph A. Regan Damen Treasurer P. C. Gibbons LaFayette Director John J. Ryan Phil Sheridan Director "VVm. N. Brown Illinois Director Thos. P. Kerrigan Thos. Aquinas 1908 President James Donahoe Charles Carroll Vice-President Robert M. Sweitzer Illinois Secretary Wm. P. J. Halley Commercial Treasurer John A. McCormick Calumet Director J. H. Roche De La Salle Director George F. Mulligan Phil Sheridan Director Thos. F. Judge Chicago 1909 President D. J. Normoyle La Rabida Vice-President M. J. Tlerney Illinois Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer John A. McCormick Calumet Warden John J. Owens Illinois Guard William J. Callahan Calumet Director James J. Kelly Englewood Director George F. Mulligan LaFayette Director B. J. Coens Phil Sheridan 62. Columbian, Jan. 23, 1920, p. 2. THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 469 1910 President Daniel McCann Hildebrand Vice-President Jolin H. Collins De La Salle Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer John A. McCormick Calumet Warden Thos. Poland LaFayette Guard R. E. Hogan Director Thos. F. Gayer Irving Park Director W. C. Johnson Columbus Director P. T. O'Sullivan Calumet 1911 President Wm. N. Brown Illinois Vice-President W. C. Johnson Columbus Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer John A. McCormick Calumet Warden E. J. Chartrand Gen. Jas. Shields Guard F. E. Sammons Newman Director J. V. Merrion Madonna Director P. Emmett WTiealen St. Cyr Director Peter C. Hoey Americus 1912 President Wm. N. Brown Illinois Vice-President W. C. Johnson Columbus Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer John A. McCormick Calumet Warden Daniel Mulcahy Leo XIII Guard F. E. Sammons Newman Director P. Emmett Whealen St. Cyr Director John F. Miller Madonna Director Joseph E. Walsh Daniel Dowllng 1913 President Wm. N. Brown Illinois Vice-President Louis J. Behan Loyola Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer John A. McCormick Calumet Warden Daniel Mulcahy Leo XIII Guard Francis E. Sammons Newman Director John F. Miller Madonna Director Joseph E. Walsh Daniel Dowling Director P. Emmett Whealen St. Cyr 1914 President Louis J. Behan Loyola Vice-President John E. Byrnes Calumet Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer John E. Maloney LaFayette Warden Frank J. Enright Irving Park Guard Francis E. Sammons Newman Director P. Emmett Whealen St. Cyr Director Joseph E. Walsh Daniel Dowling Director T. Francis Cavanaugh Feehan Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Phillip J. Maguire Marquette 1915 President Louis J. Behan Loyola Vice-President John E. Byrnes Calumet Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer Peter P. Kransz Ravenswood Warden Frank J. Enright Irving Park Guard Francis E. Sammons Newman Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director T. Francis Cavanaugh Feehan Director W. J. Lynch Englewood Director Joseph E. Walsh Daniel Dowling Director Phillip J. Maguire Marquette 470 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1916-1917 President John T. Lillis Illinois Vice-President John E. Byrnes Calumet Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer Peter P. Kransz Ravenswood Warden Franlc J. Enright Irving Park Guard Phil. C. Nilles Bishop Kettler Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Wm. J. Clark Phil. Sheridan Director Philip J. Maguire Marquette Director John M. Fox Father Perez Director John M. Lee General Sherman 1918 President John E. Byrnes Calumet Vice-President J. A. Kennelly Archbishop McHale Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer Peter P. Kransz Ravenswood Warden Joseph M. Powers Oak Park Guard Philip C. Nilles Bishop Kettler Director Arthur Donoghue Marquette Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director John M. Fox Father Perez Director D. A. Callahan Loyola-Hyde Park Director Wm. J. Clark Phil. Sheridan 1919 President John E. Byrnes Calumet Vice-President J. A. Kennelly Archbishop McHale Secretary Edward Larkin Englewood Treasurer Peter P. Kransz Ravenswood Warden Joseph M. Powers Oak Park Guard John P. McAuliffe St. Patrick's Director Arthur Donoghue Marquette Director John M. Quinlan Americus Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Wm. J. Clark Phil. Sheridan Director John M. Fox Father Perez 1920 President J. A. Kennelly Archbishop McHale Vice-President Arthur Donoghue Marquette Secretary John M. Quinlan Americus Treasurer Peter P. Kransz Ravenswood Warden John P. McAuliffe St. Patrick's Guard Francis Borrelli St. Francis Xavier Director Wm. J. Clark Phil. Sheridan Director Harry P. Kenny La Rabida Director Edward B. Branick Bishop Kettler Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Bernard Payton Leo XIII 1921 President J. A. Kennelly Archbishop McHale Vice-President Arthur Donoghue Marquette Secretary Wm. J. Clark Phil. Sheridan Treasurer Peter P. Kransz Ravenswood ^Varden John P. McAuliffe St. Patrick's Guard Austin E. Regan Fort Dearborn Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Edward B. Branick Bishop Kettler Director Michael J. Hewlett Americus Director Sidney M. Doheny Leo XIII Director August Warnesson Tonti Director Francis Borrelli St. Francis Xavier Director Harry P. Kenny La Rabida Director Joseph M. Powers Oak Park Director Wm. N. Galvin Nazareth THE CHICAGO CHAPTER 471 1922 President Arthur Donoghue Marquette Vice-President Harry P. Kenney La Rabida Secretary William J. Clark Phil Sheridan Treasurer Frank J. Enright Father O'Connor Warden John P. McAuliffe St. Patricks Inside Guard Emmett McCarthy Father Perez Outside Guard Hugo J. P. Haub San Salvador Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Edward B. Branick Bishop Kettler Director Michael J. Howlett Americus Director Sidney M. Doheny Leo XIII Director ^Joseph A. McMahon Damen Director Francis Borelli St. Francis Xavier Director August Warnesson Tonti Director Edward Orme Calumet Director Joseph M. Powers Oak Park Director Thomas J. "Whalen Chicago Heights Director Edmond P. Dennehy Daniel Dowling Director Enos A. Hamer Columbus Director Harold O'Connell Madonna Director Edward Hennessy Englewood 1923 President Arthur Donoghue Marquette Vice-President Harry P. Kenney La Rabida Secretary William J. Clark Phil Sheridan Treasurer Frank J. Bnright Father O'Connor Warden John P. McAuliffe St. Patrick's Inside Guard Edmund J. Molyneux Father Perez Outside Guard Hugo J. P. Haub San Salvador Assistant Secretarv . . James B. Carney Fort Dearborn Director Henry J. Lynch Chicago Director Edward B. Branick Bishop Kettler Director Michael J. Howlett Americus Director James J. McDermott Leo XIII Director Joseph A. McMahon Damen Director Francis Borelli St. Francis Xavier Director August Warnesson Tonti Director Walter J. Timmons Calumet Director Joseph M. Powers Oak Park Director William M. Galvin Nazareth Director Thomas J. Whalen Chicago Heights Director Edmund P. Dennehy Daniel Dowlmg Director Enos A. Hamer Columbus Director Harold O'Connell Madonna Director Edward Hennessy Englewood CHAPTER XI THE FOURTH DEGREE After some years of experience in the Order and through familiarity with the several degrees into which the ceremonial work was divided, there naturally arose a desire in the minds of some members for something additional and, in a sense, novel, to provide new honoi*s, as it were, to which members might as- pire. "Finally, about 1903, the Board of Directors, selecting the best suggestions of the hundreds offered, accepted a ritual having patriotism for its theme, and awarded it the dignity of a Fourth Degree. To Mr. Charles 0. Web- ber, of Brooklyn, formerly a Na- tional Director, must be given credit for establishing this de- gree,"^ although the great growth in membership and the valuable development of Fourth Degree activities, as well as the notable improvements in the ceremonials, are very largely due to the present Supreme Master, John H. Reddin, of Den- ver, who has occupied the office since 1910.- The first exemplification of the Fourth Degree was held in New York City on February 22, 1900,^ and the work so com- mended itself that branches or assemblies, as they are called, rapidly grew up throughout the jurisdiction of the Order. The Fourth Degree, as it was established and has developed, is largely separate from and independent of the membership 1. Egan-Kennedy, Knights of Columhus in Peace and, War, Vol. I., p. 118. 2. Several attempts were made to modernize, in eflEect, the ritualistic work but none succeeded so well as Supreme Master Reddin, who is also Supreme Director. 3. Egan-Kennedy, Knights of Columbus in Peace and War, Vol. I., p. 118. 472 THE FOURTH DEGREE 473 MASTERS OF THE FOURTH DEGREE William F. Ryan, Chicag-o; Thomas P. Flynn, Chicago; John A. McCormick, Chicago; Michael K. Reilly, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin 474 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the Order in general. The executive officers, called Masters, are appointed by the Supreme Master. There are seventy-five of these in the entire jurisdiction. The Provincial District General and local assemblies, each of which is given a distin- guishing name, are separate from the Supreme Council and from the State and local councils of the Order, but all assem- blies and officers are subject to the Supreme Board of Direc- tors. The National Government of the Fourth Degree is vested in a Supreme Assembly of the Fourth Degree. This consists of the Supreme Master, Supreme Secretary and seven Vice Supreme Masters. Every Vice Supreme Master is the head of a province. The United States, Canada, Newfound- land and Mexico are divided into seven Provinces; Canada and Newfoundland are known as Champlain Province; the New England states, Cabot Province; the Atlantic states, Calvert Province ; the Southern states, De Soto Province ; the Mississippi states, including Illinois, Marquette Province; Michigan and a number of other states adjoining and south, Hennepin Province ; the Mountain states, including the Pacific coast, Junipero Serra Province.* The first Master of the Fourth Degree from Illinois was Patrick L. McArdle, who was appointed Master in 1903. Under his leadership the Fourth Degree was exemplified in Chicago in 1904 and 1905. Master McArdle was succeeded in 1906 by William F. Ryan, who took a deep interest in the development of that branch, and by reason of the elaborate musical settings de- veloped the degree work beyond any contemporary attempts. Master Ryan was succeeded in 1911 by Thomas P. Flynn, who held the office of Master of the Fourth Degree through a period of four years. In turn Master Flynn was succeeded by John A. McCor- mick in 1915, who continued as Master for five years, and was 4. Supreme Assemily Records. THE FOURTH DEGREE 475 succeeded by the present incumbent, Jerome J. Crowley, in 1920. Through an intelligent development the Fourth Degree has been efficiently organized throughout the country, and is particularly well organized in Illinois. As early as 1912 LaSalle General Assembly, which is the central organization, covering Chicago and Cook County, included fifty-one local councils. In the same year Phil Sheridan General Assembly com- prised the local councils of Rockford, Freeport, Galena, Belvidere, Oregon and Harvard. Marquette General Assembly comprised the local assemblies of Ottawa, Kewanee, Amboy, Kankakee, Streator, LaSalle, Morris, Ohio, McHenry, Seneca and Braidwood. Joliet General Assembly included the local councils of Joliet, Aurora, Rochelle, Elgin and "Woodstock, and De Soto General Assembly comprised the local assemblies from Rock Island, Sterling, Dixon, Moline and Fulton.^ The Illinois territory was first divided and a Northern and Southern District created in 1912. Eugene Colgan, of Spring- field Council, was first appointed for the then Southern Dis- trict. Mr. Colgan 's business engagements prevented his ac- ceptance, and William F. Woods, of Champaign, was then appointed Master, but ill-health prevented his acting in that capacity, whereupon Dr. J. P. Luthringer, of Spalding Coun- cil, Peoria, was appointed Master of the Southern District July 1, 1914, and served in that capacity until June 30, 1918, when E. F. Tobin, of Galesburg, was appointed. Tobin served until the date of his death, October 8, 1921. On July 1, 1916, another division of the terrtiory was made, whereby the state was divided into three districts — Northern, Central and Southern. Dr. Luthringer became Master of the Central District, and was succeeded, as above stated, by Tobin, of Galesburg, who in turn was succeeded by Dr. John A. Moore, of Bloomington, on January 9, 1922. 6. n. 476 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS In the Southern District, Daniel McGlynn, Sr., was named as Master July 1, 1916, and has continued in that capacity to the present. The following exemplifications have occurred in the Central and Southern Districts : Peoria, February 7, 1915 ; February 13, 1916 ; February 18, 1918 ; at Galesburg, Novem- ber 27, 1939; at Bloomington, May 29, 1921.*' The executives in Illinois at the present time are : Jerome J. Crowley, of Chicago, is Master of the Northern Illinois District; John A. Moore, D. D. S., of Bloomington, is Master of the Central District, and Daniel McGlynn, Sr., of East St. Louis, is Master of the Southern District." EXEMPLIFICATIONS OF THE FOURTH DEGREE A Fourth Degree exemplification constitutes in itself a great event and an important activity. None but men who liave been Third Degree members for two or more j^ears are qualified for advancement to the Fourth Degree. Candidates for the honors of the Fourth Degree come from the various councils within the Province and Division of the Assembly they seek to join, and usually number several hundred. The ex- emplifications usually occur on "Washington's Birthday, or as near that anniversary as may be practicable. As has been noted, there were two exemplifications of the Fourth Degree during the Mastership of the first Master of Illinois, Patrick L. McArdle. No contemporary account of these ceremonies has been preserved. However, the writer was one of the candidates at the first exemplification, and was an interested spectator at the second. His recollection is of extraordinarily notable ceremonials. Almost the whole of the afternoon was occupied with the various exercises, and the banquet which succeeded in each case during the evening was exceptionally brilliant and spectacular. Upon the accession of William F. Ryan to the Mastership, 6. Notes of Master J. P. Luthringer. 7. Supreme Assemhly Records. THE FOURTH DEGREE 477 the first degree of which we have a record, occurred on January 27, 1907, at the Great Northern Hotel, followed by a banquet. The Fourth Degree was next exemplified on November 15, 1908. This was, if possible, even more elaborate, especially in its musical features, than the exemplifications which had pre- ceded it.® There was a third exemplification under the direction of Master Ryan in 1909, of which no contemporary account is available. On April 24, 1910, the fourth exemplification, under the direction of Master Ryan, took place. The degree work was excellent, as usual. The number of candidates, the largest up to that time, was 346. The banquet in the evening was at the Hotel LaSalle, where a very elaborate musical program, both instrumental and vocal, was rendered, and where the following after-dinner addresses were delivered under the direction of Master William F. Ryan, Toastmaster : ' ' The Holy Father, ' ' Rev. Peter J. 0. Callaghau, C. S. P.; "Our Order," James Maher, State Deputy of Illinois; "The Ladies," Jerome J. Crowley, District Deputy; "The American Catholic," James Donahoe; "Catholic Education," John P. McGoorty. The artistic souvenir program of this exemplification and banquet is one of the most beautiful specimens of the printer 's art that has been used by the Order." The exemplification of 1911 occurred on Washington's Birthday, February 22, and ushered in a class of 500 candi- dates. This was the first exemplification under the direction of Master Thomas P. Flynn. The ceremonials during the after- noon were especially satisfactory, and the banquet in the Louis XV Banquet Hall of the Hotel Sherman was an exceptionally brilliant affair. For this feature of the proceedings Rev. Sid- ney J. Morrison, of the Fourth Degree staff, invoked the Divine blessing, and Thomas H. Cannon, District Deputy, presided 8. ColumUan, Feb. 2, 1907, p. 4, and ib., Nov. 20, 1908, pp. 2, 3, 4. 9. Columbian. April 29, 1910, p. 2. 478 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS as Toastmaster. The speakers of the evening were: James Maher, State Deputy; Very Rev. John E. Cavanaugh, C. M., President of Notre Dame University, and Dr. R. Emmet Kane, of St, Louis, State Deputy of Missouri. A special musical pro- gram was rendered by the Damen Quartette, and Mr. Louis A. Delia Marie, baritone, and Mr. John W. 'Connor, tenor.^*' On February 22, 1912, 400 Knights of Columbus were ad- vanced to the honors of the Fourth Degree. The rendezvous of the candidates was the Florentine Room of the Congress Hotel Annex. The exemplification took place in the Gold Room of the same hotel. The banquet following the degree was held in the Louis XIV Red Room of the LaSalle Hotel. The principal speakers at the banquet were : Jerome J. Crow- ley, Thomas P. Flynn, LeRoy Hackett, Hon. Martin J. Wade, of Iowa ; John 'Brien and Rev. Francis X. McCabe, of DePaul University. The music was furnished by Hetreed's Orchestra and the DeSoto Council octette, composed of Arthur P. Schmidt, A. C. Birren, A. H. Winkler, Joseph Jungblood, J. Parnell Egau, E. P. Casper, Edwin Madden and Adam Schneider. A. H. Winkler and J. Parnell Egan rendered solos. ^^ The exemplification of 1914 occurred on February 22. Four hundred and seventy members received the honors of the Fourth Degree. The Elizabethan Room of the Congress Hotel Annex was used as a rendezvous and the Gold Room for the exemplification. The work was under the direction of Master Thomas P. Flynn and an able staff. The banquet was held in the Louis XIV Room of the LaSalle Hotel. The first speaker presented was Supreme Director James Maher. Mr. Hugh 'Donnell, a briliant author and reconteur of note, entertained with the relation of his experiences in foreign lands. Hon. Charles A. McDonald, Chief Justice of the Circuit Court ; Hon. John P. McGoorty, an Associate Justice, and Hon. George E. 10. OolumWan, Feb. 22, 1911, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4. 11. ColumUan, March 1, 1912, pp. 1, 2. THE FOURTH DEGREE 479 Gorman, State Senator, made addresses. The music was fur- nished by the DeSoto Quartette and Hetreed's Orchestra. William J. Cook, J. Parnell Egan, Albert Winkler and E. P. Casper rendered solos." On Sunday, February 8, 1915, the first Fourth Degree ever given in Illinois outside of Chicago was conferred in Peoria. The degree was a splendid success. With the single excep- tion of Captain Thomas Octigan, of Chicago, who acted as Marshal of the day, the team was a local one. In addresses delivered at the banquet by distinguished visitors, including Rev. Sidney J. Morrison, William N. Brown, State Deputy of Illinois, and Thomas P. Flynn, of Chicago, the degree was pro- nounced a genuine success and the work of the degree officers highly praised. At the banquet which followed the degree several Chi- cagoans responded to toasts, Thomas P. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master of the Fourth Degree of Marquette Province, urged upon the members of the Fourth Degree an effort to effect the rescue of the Catholic boy in the various cities from surround- ings that might be injurious to him. In Peoria he urged that the splendid club house of the Order be thrown open during the day for the use of the boys of the city, so that they might be kept in an environment that would be an influence for good upon their future. He urged also supervision of public library reading matter. Rev. Sidney J. Morrison, Chaplain of LaSalle Assembly, Chicago, also responded to a toast, urging upon members of the Knights of Columbus the duty of observing and practicing their religion consistently, and by so doing give to those without the fold a worthy example of Catholic citizen- ship. He stated as his belief that the work of those without the Church in attacking the spiritual force of the Church was without results seriously injurious to the Church and its mem- bers. The great danger that the Church faces today is the danger which grows up within its ranks when members of its v^ 12 Columlian, Feb. 27, 1914, pp. 2, 3. 480 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS MASTERS OF THE FOURTH DEGREE Dr. John A. Moore, Bloomington ; Dr. J. P. Luthringer, Peoria ; Daniel McQlynn, Sr., East St. Louis ; Jerome J, Crowley, Chicago THE FOURTH DEGREE 481 fold become indifferent or lax in the practice of their duties. WiUiam N. Brown paid a particular tribute to the mem- bers of the Fourth Degree in the Southern District for the good work they have been accomplishing in building up the ranks of the Fourth Degree. He reviewed in eloquent words the work of the Order in the state during the recent past, and the promise that the Order's success made for greater achieve- ments in the future. The party of Chicagoans who participated in the degree and banquet which followed included the follow- ing : William N. Brown, John A. McCormick, Thomas P. Flynn, Rev. Sidney J. Morrison, Theodore E. Cornell, James F. Monahan, Charles J. Mayer, W. J. Spillane, Thomas P. Octi- gan, Harry P. Kenney, John F. Diffenderffer, James B. McCahey and John Brisch.^^ The exemplification of 1915 of LaSalle General Assembly was held on February 22, and was the first under the direction of Master John A. McCormick. Four hundred candidates re- ceived the honors. The degree staff, nearly all of the members of which had developed during former years, consisted of John J. Phelan, Thomas Hoey, Jerome J. Crowley, James F. O'Con- nor, James Donahoe, George V. Mclntyre and Rev. Sidney J. Morrison. Music was rendered by the DeSoto Quintette. The banquet in the evening was held in the great banquet hall of the Hotel LaSalle, where the invocation was pronounced by Rev. Sidney J. Morrison. Thomas P. Flynn, lately appointed Vice Supreme Master, was Toastmaster. Among the speakers were Hon. Joseph P. Rafferty, Hon. Jolin P. McGoorty, of Chicago; Hon. John E. Whelan, former Corporation Counsel of New York City ; Msgr. Michael LaVelle, of the Cathedral Parish of New York City, and Hon. Edward E. McCall, former Justice of the Supreme Court of New York.^* The exemplification and banquet held on February 22, 1916, was the most notable function of that branch of the Order in 13. Columbian, Feb, 12, 1915, p. 1. 14. Columbian, Feb. 26, 1915, p. 1. 482 KNIGHTS OF COIjUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Illinois up to that time. The banquet in the evening was espe- cially notable, due to the presence of the Archbishop, Most Rev. George W. Mundelein, but recently installed in the Arch- diocese. "One thousand Kinghts of Columbus of the Fourth Degree greeted the Most Rev. George W. Mundelein, Archibishop of Chicago in the Hotel LaSalle. A reception preceded the banquet, larger and more brilliant than any Fourth Degree function of its character ever held in Knights of Columbus circles in Chicago. * * * The presence of His Grace and the attendance of the various members of the Fourth Degree in Marquette Province, which extends from Ohio to Montana, and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf, added an interest extraordinary to the program of the day. ' ' The program of toasts was opened by Charles F. Clyne, U. S. District Attorney, who responded to the toast 'Our Country.' Hon. Harry P. Dolan, Justice of the Municipal Court of Chicago, gave his 'Impressions of the Day.' Hon. James C. O'Brien, Assistant States Attorney, responded to the toast ' The Fourth Degree. ' The feature of the banquet was the address of the Archbishop of Chicago, which was an eloquent appeal for ' The Boy who Never Had a Chance. ' He called upon the Knights of Columbus to help in the effort to take the boy 'just strayed or straying' away from his environment and give him favorable surroundings and parental rather than corrective care. ' ' is In 1917 the exemplification occurred on February 22, and was fully up to the standard of excellence set in preceding exemplifications. At the banquet which followed addresses were made by Hon, Marcus A. Cavanaugh, Justice of the Su- perior Court of Cook County, who responded to the toast "Patriotism," and Dennis E. McCarthy, poet, lecturer and editor of Boston, made a fitting address and rendered an original poem, ' ' The Dream of Columbus. ' ' A notable address was also delivered by Rev. John Webster Mellody, D. D.^^ The account furnished the Columbian described the Fourth Degree initiation in 1918 in the following glowing words : "The most brilliant Fourth Degree exemplification ever held in Chicago took place on Sunday, March 3, (1918). The presence in the class of one hundred men in the military service uniform of our country 15. Columbian, Feb. 25, 1916, p. 1. 16. Columbian, Feb. 23, 1917, p. 1. THE FOURTH DEGREE 483 and an equal number of the navy lent an extraordinary color and beauty to the occasion. The several hundred other members of the class, appeared inspired by the presence of their gallant soldier and sailor brothers and, after a brief period of intensive training, with the vanguard of officers, sailors and soldiers, in command of the Marshal, Capt. Edward H. White, they swung into the Degree room with a precision of movement and a military bearing that surpassed any effort in the memory of the older members of the Degree assisting on this occasion." REV. SIDNEY J. MORRISON Chaplain LaSalle General Assembly, Fourth Degree REV. MOSES E. KILEY Chaplain LaSalle General Assembly. Fourth Degree The degree was given under the direction of John A. McCor- mick, Master of the Fourth Degree in Northern Illinois, as- sisted by John J. Phelan, Rev. Sidney J. Morrison, Charles Chambers, James Kearns, James C. O'Brien, Theodore E. Cornell and Jerome J. Crowley. 484 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The same authority quoted above states : "The banquet which followed the degree exemplification was the largest ever held in the city of Chicago. The Gold Room of the Hotel LaSalle was taxed to its extreme capacity." The toasts of the evening were "Our Order," by LeRoy Haekett, State Deputy of Illinois; "The Great Republic and the Great War," by Quin O'Brien, and "The Spiritual Mes- sage of the War," by Rev. Thomas F. Burke, C. S. P.^^ On Sunday, February 23, 1919, 578 Third Degree Knights were advanced to the Fourth Degree. The degree work was under the direction of John A. McCor- mick. Master of the Fourth Degree in Northern Illinois, with the assistance and co-operation of Thomas P. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master and an able staff. At the banquet following 1,280 guests were in attendance. The invocation was pronounced by Rev. Moses E. Kiley, Chap- lain of LaSalle General Assembly. John A. McCormick, the toastmaster, was presented by George V. Mclntyre, chairman of the Banquet Committee, and introduced John H. Redden, Supreme Director of the Order and Supreme Master of the Fourth Degree. After the Supreme Master's address, Mr. Charles V. Barrett, of Chicago, was introduced. William J. McGinley, Supreme Secretary, responded to the toast ' ' Knights of Columbus." Jerome J. Crowley and Robert Morrison, of Prescott, Arizona, made brief addresses.^^ The growth of the Fourth Degree made necessary another exemplification during the year 1919, and accordingly the Fourth Degree was exemplified to the largest class in the his- tory of that Degree on November 30, 1919, at LaSalle Hotel, Chicago. Indeed, so numerous were the applications that it was necessary to disappoint some by arranging for another degree on December 14 following. One thousand and fifty received the degree, upwards of 17. OolumMan, March 8, 1918, p. 1. 18. Columbian, Feb. 28, 1919, p. 1. THE FOURTH DEGREE 485 700 of whom were recently in the military or naval service and wore their uniforms. The degree work was under the direction of John A. McCormick, Master of the Northern District of Illinois, assisted by Thomas P. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master of Marquette Province, and Theodore E. Cornell, Executive Secretary for the District. The degree staff consisted of John J. Phelan, James C. O'Brien, John E. Maloney, Chas. L. Cham- bers, Jerome J. Crowley, Capt. Edward H. White, Edward Kirchberg and Capt. Chaplain Rev. George T. McCarthy. At the banquet in the evening John F. Tyrrell, chairman of the Banquet Committee, welcomed the candidates and intro- duced Thomas P. Flynn as toastmaster. The speakers of the evening and the toasts to which they responded were as follows : Capt. George T. McCarthy, Chaplain U. S. A., "Army Chap- lains;" James A. Flaherty, Supreme Knight, "Our Ac- complishments and Opportunities;" Jerome J. Crowley, "As- sembly Activities;" Peter W. Collins, "Our Educational Sys- tem. "^^ A brilliant exemplification of the Fourth Degree occurred on February 23, 1920 (Sunday), in the Hotel LaSalle, when 755 candidates were advanced to the higher degree. The induction was under the direction of John A. McCor- mick. Master of the Fourth Degree for Illinois. This was the third exemplification during the year ending with this exempli- fication, in which 2,400 knights were elevated to the Fourth Degree. These accomplishments gave Master McCormick the right to retire from the arduous work, and accordingly he announced his intention to do so. The settings for the degree in the stately Louis XVI and Red Rooms of the Hotel LaSalle were unusually beautiful. John J. Phelan had ably assisted the Master of the degree in arranging details. The degree team included Chas. L. Cham- bers, James C. O'Brien, John E. Maloney, John J. Phelan, 19. Columbian, Dec. 5, 1919, pp. 1, 2. 486 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Jerome J. Crowley and Capt. Rev. George T. McCarthy. Ed- ward Kircliburg assisted in the work as Marshal. One of the great surprises of the day was the splendid work of La Salle Assembly Choral Club, which rendered the musical score of the degree. Thomas P. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master of the Fourth Degree, assisted the Master as director of cere- monials, as did Theodore E. Cornell, Secretary to the Master; John F. Tyrrell, chairman of the Committee on Arrangements ; Lawrence T. Riordan, chairman of the Credentials Committee ; Philip J. McKenna and George V. Barrett, of the Admiral Benson Welcome Committee. In the class of initiates fully 500 appeared in the khaki and blue. At the banquet in the evening Admiral William S. Benson, U. S. N., who served our country as Chief of Naval Operations throughout the world war, who later assisted as advisor to the President at the Peace Conference in Paris, and was later made Chairman of the Shipping Board, was the principal guest of honor, and made a very interesting address. The invocation Avas pronounced by Capt. Chaplain George T. McCarthy. Charles V. Barrett, chairman of the Banquet Committee, pre- sented Jerome J. Crowley as toastmaster. Toasts were re- sponded to as follows: John A. McCormick, "A Word of Wel- come;" John F. Martin, Supreme Director of the Knights of Columbus, "The Opportunities and Duties of the Knights of Columbus;" Robert E. Crowe, Chief Justice of the Criminal Court of Cook County, "Impressions of a Candidate;" James J. McGraw, Supreme Director of the Knights of Columbus, "The Day We Celebrate." During the banquet the knights were charmed by J. Parnell Egan, who sang "Duna" and "Dear Old Pal O'Mine." Not- Avithstanding the fact that Mr. Egan had sung the exacting tenor part with the Choral Club throughout the day, his voice was clear, big and resonant, and his interpretation artistic.^'^ 20. Columbian^ Feb. 27, 1920, pp. 1, 2. THE FOURTH DEGREE 487 The first Fourth Degree exemplification under the new Master of the Fourth Degree, Jerome J. Crowley, February 22, 1921, was a brilliant success. Among the officers in charge of the exemplification were Thomas P. FljTin, Vice Supreme Mas- ter and Grand Marshal; Jerome J. Crowley, Master; James C. O'Brien, Faithful Navigator; John E. Maloney, Faithful Cap- tain; John J. Phelan, Historian; Charles L. Chambers, De- fender ; Rev. George T. McCarthy, Chaplain ; Theodore E. Cor- nell, Comptroller, and T. I. Bourke, Secretary. Assisting the Grand Marshal were Captains Frank J. Quinn, Patrick J. Nee, Joseph C. Conley, Jr., Edward B. Savory, George E. Serak, Dennis J. 'Toole and T. Anthony Kreuser ; Lieutenants Wm. E. Reich, Joseph Burke, Cornelius J. Ryan, Emil Heidkamp, Jr., Daniel J. Daley and Paul P. Immel ; Secretaries Philip A. Seller, Frank P. Leonard, Leo C. Gallagher, Eugene "W. McKenna, James E. McGrenna, B. Brodemacher, Wm. Farrell and John Haderlin, Jr. ; Color Guard George E. Nolan, and Sentinel Thomas F. Kelly. William Looney was director of the large choir which rendered the music for the exemplifica- tion. At the banquet in the evening the invocation was pro- nounced by Rev, Moses E. Kiley, Chaplain. The principal address was delivered by Supreme Director William P. Larkin, of New York, Overseas Commissioner of the Knights of Colum- bus during the war, who had complete charge of personnel and forwarding of supplies to the boys over there, and upon whom Pope Benedict XV conferred the highest rank given to Catholic laymen, that of Knight of St. Gregory. State Deputy Edward Houlihan also gave an interesting address, as did Anthony Czarnecki, who toured Europe after the war as a correspondent of the Daily News, and told the story of misery and suffering resulting from the war. James C. O'Brien also made a short address. The degree was a pronounced success.-^ 21. Columbian, Feb. 25, 1921, pp. 1, 2. 488 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE FOURTH DEGREE Not all of the social doings of the Fourth Degree can be described, but a few of the more notable of its social activities may be selected as illustrative of their character. On the evening of September 21, 1911, the Fourth Degree Assembly held a reception in the Louis XVI Ballroom of the Hotel Sherman in honor of Maurice Francis Egan, the -dis- tinguished writer, then Minister to Denmark. The receiving line was headed by Thomas P. Flynn, Master of the Fourth Degree, at the right, and James Maher, State Deputy, at the left, and included Hon. William J. Onahan, James J. Kelly, Hon. Patrick O'Brien, of South Bend, Indiana; Hon. William H. Sexton, Corporation Counsel of Chicago, representing Mayor Carter H. Harrison, and a number of members of the Fourth Degree Assembly. Dr. Egan made an informal dis- course, expressing his appreciation of the reception. Miss Mary Bryan, of Burlington, Iowa, rendered a piano selection, and J. Pamell Egan, the gifted tenor, rendered two solos with fine effect.^^ The Fourth Degree Assembly ball of November 16, 1911, had the reputation of being one of the most brilliant social functions taking place amongst Chicago Catholics up to that time. ' * The ball set a new mark in the social functions of the Order, and established beyond doubt the permanency of the Fourth Degree Assembly ball as a social event." The mag- nificent ballroom of the Hotel LaSalle was the scene of this brilliant social function. The Floor Committee was led by George E, Warren, and the Reception Committee by Patrick J. Murphy. At 9 -.30 the grand march was formed in the Red Room, and through the foyer and into the Louis XIV Room it moved to the ballroom. Thomas P. Flynn, Master of the Fourth Degree and Mrs. Flynn led the march. Among those who were in the line of the promenade immediately following the Master were Supreme Director James Maher and Mrs. 22. ColumUan, Sept. 29, 1911. THE FOURTH DEGREE 489 „ a •-4» Qja to o P-i t- ** Su ... 490 KNIGHTS OF COLmiBUS IN ILLINOIS Maher, State Deputy LeRoy Hackett and Mrs. Haekett, Jerome J. Crowley and Mrs. Crowley, John T. McEnery and Mrs. McEnery, Capt. E. H. White and Mrs. White, P. J. Murphy and Mrs. Murphy, Mr. and Mrs. Julius A. Collier, of Minneapolis, Minnesota ; Mr. and Mrs. August Teller, of Apple- ton, Wisconsin; Martin Gillen and lady, of Racine, Wiscon- sin; Mr. and Mrs. Simeon Yiger, of Lawrence, Mass., and Thomas H. Cannon, High Chief Ranger of the Catholic Order of Foresters, and Mrs. Cannon.^^ A quite remarkable meeting of the Fourth Degree Assembly was held on Monday, January 7, 1913. The Supreme Board of Directors of the Order was in session in Chicago and at- tended the meeting in a body. Preceding the Assembly the Supreme Officers had been received by the mayor of Chicago, Carter H. Harrison. They were presented by State Deputy LeRoy Hackett and Supreme Director James Maher. Jerome J. Crowley, patron, presided at the meeting and in- trodced in turn Rev. Francis X. McCabe, President of De Paul University; Joseph C. Pelletier, Supreme Advocate of the Order; Supreme Knight James A. Flaherty, Supreme Master of the Fourth Degree John H. Reddin, Supreme Director George F. Monahan, Detroit, Michigan; Deputy Supreme Knight Martin H. Carmody, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; Su- preme Secretary William J. McGinley, Supreme Treasurer Daniel Callahan and Supreme Physician Edward W. Buckley, M. D. An ovation was tendered Rev. Patrick J. McGivney, Supreme Chaplain and brother of the lamented Rev. Michael J. McGiv- ney, so active at the foundation of the Order. Quin O'Brien welcomed the Supreme Officers in a brief but eloquent address.^* On June 14, 1913, a happy party set sail on the Minnesota, 23. Columbian, Nov. 17, 1911, pp. 1, 2. 24. Columbian, Jan. 10, 1913, p. 1. THE FOURTH DEGREE 491 one of the great steamships of the Graham & Morton Line, with a large party of Knights of Columbus and ladies, under the auspices of the Fourth Degree Assembly, for a journey through the lakes as far as Buffalo. The trip, arranged largely by Thomas P. Flynn, Master of the Fourth Degree, extended from June 14 to June 20, and was greatly enjoyed by all the tourists.^^ On November 3, 1915, the Fourth Degree Assembly spent a very pleasant evening in the great ballroom of the Hotel LaSalle, announced as "An Evening at Home." The features of the entertainment were a recital by J. Parnell Egan, tenor, and Miss Irene Stolofsky, violinist, and an address by Quin 0'Brien.2s The celebration of Washington's Birthday, 1917, at Or- chestra Hall, under the auspices of LaSalle Assembly, was a very enjoyable affair. The meeting was opened with a great medley of American patriotic airs rendered by William Middleschulte. Hon. James M. Curley, ]\Iayor of Boston, was the principal speaker of the evening. Rev. Thomas F. Burke addressed the meeting in advance of Mayor Curley and charmed the audience with his great eloquence. Mayor Curley was introduced by Thomas P. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master of the Fourth Degree, and delivered a remarkable address. The Columbia Quartette, composed of William F. Madden, Frank J. McNeills, John M. Long and Waldou J. McCabe, with Harry J. Stephens, accompanist, shared honors with IMiss Irene Stolofsky, violinist, in presenting a fine musical program in which patriotic numbers predominated." A Charity Ball, unequaled in splendor and numbers since pre-war days, took place in the magnificent Drake Hotel, upper Michigan Avenue at Walton Place, on Wednesday evening, May 4, 1921, under the auspices of La Salle Assembly, Fourth 25. ColumUan, June 20, 1913, p. 2. 26. Columbian, Nov. 5, 1915, p. 2. 27. Columbian, March 2, 1917, p. 1. 492 KNIGHTS OF COLOIBUS IN ILLINOIS Degree. The grace and beauty of the ladies and the handsome appearance of the Knights, all in evening dress, made a picture unsurpassed by any gathering in Chicago society, as over 600 couples participated. The proceeds of the event were trans- mitted to the Associated Catholic Charities of the Diocese of Chicago." Columbus Day, 1921, was celebrated by LaSalle Assembly, Fourth Degree, with a memorable banquet, held on the evening of October 12 in the Grand BaUroom of the Hotel LaSalle. At the inception of the banquet Eev. Moses E. Kiley, Chap- lain, invoked the Divine Blessing. James C. O'Brien was toastmaster and introduced first Hon. John P. McGoorty, who delivered an address on the subject of "Citizenship.'' Next was introduced Jerome J. Crowley, who spoke on the activities of the Fourth Degree. The toastmaster then presented Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York. who reviewed the ''Life of Columbus," drawing conclusions from the conduct of the great navigator. Judge Dowling has been heard frequently in Chicago, but never to better advan- tage than at this banquet. The musical program, under the direction of John E. Ma- loney, was artistic and entertaining. It included the follow- ing numbers: Piano solo, Prof. M. S. Rozycki; baritone solo. Mr. George Fraley ; violin solo, ]Mrs. "Wanda Simbor ; tenor solo, ^Ir. E. J. Crabbs; vocal selection, Mi-s. ^. A. Ring: duet. "In this Solemn Hour," Messrs. G. Fraley and E. J. Crabbs, accompanist, Mrs. G. Fraley.-^ MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES OF THE FOUKTH DEGREE The first Landing Day celebration with which the Knights of Columbus in Chicago were identified was staged Saturday evening, October 12, 1907, and was under the direction of the Fourth Decree Assemblv, of which "William F. Rvan was at the time Master. The program included Pontifical Vespers 28. ColumUan, April 29, 1921, p. 1, and May 13, 1921, p. 3. 29. ColumUan, Oct. 7, 1921, p. 1. THE FOUBTH DEGREE 493 in the Church of St. Vincent de Paul, comer Webster and Sheffield Avenues, Chicago. The choir was composed wholly of clergymen, and Rt. Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, Bishop of Rock- ford, Chaplain of the Illinois State Council, delivered an appropriate sermon. After Vespers the program was con- tinued in the College Theater, where Hon. George E. Clark, of South Bend, Indiana, delivered an oration.*" A notable meeting of the Fourth Degree Assembly occurred on :March 21. 1912, when the noted writer, Frank H. Spear- man, was a guest of the Assembly. Upwards of 600 members gathered in the Red Room of the Hotel LaSalle to greet ilr. Spearman.^^ On the evening of March 25, 1913, LaSalle Assembly, Fourth Degree, entertained the distinguished writer and theatrical critic. Rev. John Talbot Smith, DJ)., who delivered a lecture on ' ' The Winning Side. " ' At the same meeting Rev. Joseph H. McMahon, D.D.. founder of the Cathedral Library, New York City, was present, and made an eloquent addr^s, as was also Rev. Basil Maturin, of London, England. R^v. Francis Clement Kelly. D.D., President of the Catholic Church Extension Society, presided at the meeting, and happily intro- duced the distinguished speakers.^- A red letter day in the annals of LaSalle Assembly was May 25, 1913, when the Assembly was honored by the presence of Most Rev. James Edward Quigley. D.D., Archbishop of Chi- cago. His Grace made a feeling address, and gave the mem- bers of the Fourth Degree and Knights of Columbus in general strong assurances of his confidence. Addresses were also made by Hon. Patrick J. Lucey. Attorney General of Illinois: Edward L. Hearn. Past Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus: Edward J. McDermott, Lieutenant Governor of Kentuckv. and Professor James C. Monaghan, of Washing- SO. Columbian, Oct. IS. 1907, p. 2. See also Columhiam, Oct. 4 and 11. 1907. 31. ColumMan, Marci 29. 1912, p. 1. 32. CohtwMmm, Apnl 4. 1913, p. 1. 494 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ton, D. C. Excellent vocal selections were rendered by Miss Hannah Rubin and J. Parnell Egan.^^ A very sad duty was discharged by the Fourth Degree members on the occasion of the funeral of Most Rev. James Edward Quigiey, D.D., Archbishop of Chicago, July 15, 1915. On that occasion the Fourth Degree members, headed by Thomas P. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master, and Jerome J. Crowley, in immediate command of the column, ably assisted by Joseph J. Kelly of De La Salle Council, made a profound impression. In the line of march were 400 members, each wearing the parade dress of the Fourth Degree and occupy- ing the place of honorary escort, marching directly in advance of the pallbearers. The parade was most picturesque and majestic. Much credit for the precision and dignity with which the procession moved was due to the Grand Marshal. Daniel A. McCann, and Vice Grand Marshal, Edward H. White. The last tribute to their worthy spiritual leader was one of the most praiseworthy efforts of the Fourth Degree mem- bers.^* Few more important gatherings than that of January 6, 1916, under the auspices of La Salle Assembly, Fourth Degree, have occurred in Chicago. This was Chicago's presentation of the questions involved in the religious prejudice campaign conducted by the Supreme Council of the Knights of Colum- bus. The meeting was held in the Gold Room of Hotel LaSalle, and was given the prominence it deserved. The orator of the occasion was Joseph Scott of Los Angeles, California, one of the most stirring and at the same time most forceful plat- form orators in America. Men who have heard Mr. Scott under all manner of circumstances concede that on no subject has he ever been so forceful as on that of religious prejudice, 3.3. Cohimhian, May 30, 1913, pp. 1, 2. 34. Columbian, July 16, 1915, pp. 1, 2. THE FOURTH DEGREE 495 496 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS and it is believed that the several addresses delivered by this eloquent Californian throughout the United States during the conduct of that campaign have accomplished much in the direction of allaying religious prejudice and promoting a better understanding of the Catholics with their fellow citi- zens.'° At the meeting of La Salle Assembly on October 27, 1917, three notable addresses were delivered. The first was by Quin O'Brien, introducing the Hon. T. P. O'Connor (Tay Pay) , member of the English Parliament, who spoke feelingly on the war, and urged every effort possible for its speedy conclusion. Mr. O'Connor was followed by Richard Hazle- ton, also a member of the English Parliament, who spoke elo- quently along the same lines.^* The virtues of the idealist were eloquently told in an address by Rev. Thomas F. Burke, C.S.P., at a meeting of the Fourth Degree Assembly, February 12 (Lincoln's birthday), 1919. After calling Lincoln the personification of America, and reflecting upon the influence Lincoln's philosophy had upon the world, the reverend orator said: "And today over there, across the seas, at the peace table' the representative of American people. President Wilson, is speaking precisely the same message, is offering the same challenge to all the world. For he is trying to teach the world the truth that it must learn, that the nations of the earth cannot exist half slave and half free. The world is looking to America and Abraham Lincoln through our nation's head, today, gives the solution and the answer. His opponents thought to destroy Abraham Lincoln by calling him an idealist. Today men seek to belittle President Wilson by calling him an idealist, but the men who signed the Declaration of Independence were idealists. George Washington was an idealist, the men of the Irish republic are idealists. Lincoln may have been an idealist, President Wilson today may be an idealist, but, thank God, in the light of history and in the justice of Heaven, it is the idealists that win. ' ' S7 La Salle Assembly Fourth Degree remembered its departed 35. Columhian, Jan. 14, 1916, pp. 1, 2. 36. Columhian, Nov. 2, 1917, p. 1. 37. Columhian, Nov. 14, 1919, p. 1. THE FOURTH DEGREE 497 members and the gallant heroes who made the supreme sacri- fice in the world war in a beautiful and impressive manner on Sunday morning, November 2, 1919, in old St. Mary's Church, Wabash Avenue and Ninth Street. A Solemn High Mass was offered up, with the famous Paulist Choir assisting. Rev. John B. Harney was the celebrant, Rev. Edward J. Mullalley, deacon, and Rev. J. T. Colohan, sub-deacon. The choir, eighty in number, sang exquisitely, as this noted musical organization is so well qualified to do. Rev. Edward J. Mullalley, the pastor, delivered the sermon.^^ Acting under the direction of the Fourth Degree Assembly, in accordance with action taken at its meeting in February, 1920, twenty-three sets of the Catholic Encyclopedia were pur- chased and placed in public libraries in Chicago. The meeting of La Salle Assembly of May 4, 1920, was made notable by the presence of Rev. Francis A. Kelly, Staff Chaplain of the 27th Division, U. S. A., known as the ** fight- ing chaplain," and who received the highest decorations for bravery from the United States, Great Britain, France and Belgium, and in addition several other citations for distin- guished conduct. Father Kelly was the National Chaplain of the American Legion. Presented to the Assembly, he delivered a very happy address. On the same evening Rt. Rev. Joseph Schrembs, bishop of Toledo, Ohio, delivered one of the most eloquent addresses ever heard in the Assembly. There was besides a very entertaining program of dramatic and musical numbers. On Sunday afternoon. May 19, 1920, in the ball room on the 19th floor of the Hotel La Salle, there was presented by La Salle Assembly a delightful musical program. A group of singers of the Assembly Glee Club furnished the music. First tenor: John F. Clark, Ed. C. Meyer, Charles Me- ss. ColumMan, Nov. 7, 1919, p. 1. 498 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Neil, C. C. Griffith. Second teuor : W. C. Barron, G. E. La- Vaque, E. F. Mulvaney, M. A. Sheblessy, P. M. Martin. First bass: A. E. Tormey, G. J. Barry, J. A. Selimitz, J. B. Doyle. Second bass : P. Jacobs, R. D. Flavin, F. A. Karusek.^^ Some of the local assemblies of the Fourth Degree have engaged in some very interesting work as, for instance, that of Springfield, where an extended program of historical studies has been carried out. Included in the papers prepared and read at open meet- ings were the following: ''Pre-Columbian Discoveries of America"; "European Conditions Prior to the Discovery of America"; "The Dis- covery of America by Columbus — His Subsequent Voyages — Other Travels of Same Period"; Exploration and Settlement of Mexico and South America"; "Missions of California"; "Explorations by the Jesuits, Especially in Canada and Region of the Great Lakes" ; "Settlement of Maryland, and the Estab- lishment of Religious Liberty"; "Settlement of New York and New England"; "Settlement of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware"; "Settlement of Illinois and Middle West"; "The Declaration of Independence"; "The War for Inde- pendence and the Part Taken by Catholics in It"; "States- men, Generals and Churchmen of War Period"; "Articles of Confederation"; "The Constitution"; "Catholic Immigra- tion to the Colonies and to the U. S."; "Organization of Church in the U. S."; "Councils of Church in U. S."; "Part Catholics Took in Civil War"; "Catholics in Our Foreign Wars Subsequent to the Revolutionary War " ; " George Wash- ington"; "Abraham Lincoln"; "Church in Canada"; "Mar- quette"; "Acadians and Evangeline"; "Early History of the Church in Florida and Louisiana"; "Anti-Catholic Movement in the U. S."; "American Converts to the Catholic Church"; "Catholic Loyalty"; "The Religious Orders in the Catholic Church in the U. S."; "Catholic Education in the U. S." 39. Cohimmayi, May 21, 1920, p. 1. >H o a o K o O O OS K o o « ►J '4. o » S o CHAPTER XII THE CEREMONIALS OF THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS AND SOME ABLE EXPONENTS THEREOF Not much has been written about the ceremonials of the Knights of Columbus, but much has been said about them both by members and non-members. They are matters of wide repute and are deemed notable both by those who do and those who do not know what they are. A looseness of expression designates the ceremonial exercises of this and other societies "ritual." No impiety is in- tended when this term, which properly applies to religious ceremonies is thus improperly used. It is just an error caught up by hearsay and loosely used. All readers will understand that of course we cannot state what the ceremonials of the order are or very minutely describe them. Were we to do so there is a possibility that new ones must be devised, for it is certain that a lack of advance infor- mation on the part of the ''candidate" as to the ceremonials adds greatly to their effectiveness. But within the limits of permissibility there is much that may be said of the ceremonials of our order, and amongst the most interesting things it is allowable to say is that they appeal to the whole man, and in an entirely human manner. Proceedings that engross alike young men and old, the gay and grave, the bounding son and the austere grand- father, and that never grow old, must be strange and notable and many sided. If they are all this it is because they appeal 500 CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS O.! to the whole man as we have said, because they are true to man 's nature. Grown-up men, loaded with the cares and responsibilities of life especially are hard to interest. They do not enthuse and rhapsodize as boys. How then is it possible they retain MAURICE V. JOYCE. East St. Louis Council JAMES G. CONDON, De LaSalle Council a desire to see again and again, and ever again our cere- monials ? From the first roll call (anybody might hear that) until the new Knight emerges from the last vestibule, the curtain must be drawn upon the actual proceedings, but it is notable that with whatever misgivings the postulant be filled, what pains and penalties soever he may suffer, what fatigue 502 KNIGHTS OF COLmiBUS IN ILLINOIS and discomfort he may undergo, his verdict is one of satis- faction. But who said there were pains and penalties, fatigue and discomfort? No candidate you ever saw, gentle reader. If from the first ringing down of the curtain through every JOHN T. McENERT, Damen Council JOHN R. FORD, Ravenswood Council detail of the induction one be swept along by a full tide of absorption, who will think of fatigue ? And, if one after threading the winding passages, either actual or intellectual, which lead to full fellowship in the Order, find himself at the end of such an arduous journey, refreshed, uplifted, ennobled, rather than tired, dejected, cast down, still the wonder grows. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 503 This much of the mystery of the ceremonials of the Kni ghts of Columbus we may impart. They are intended to help good men find and know themselves. They have been quite generally successful in that regard.^ It may, we think, be truthfully added that no man has ever received the "degrees" of the Knights of Columbus according to their purpose and intent without benefit. The general reader would hardly expect to find published in this manner a statement showing how far, if at all, the Knights of Columbus have followed or been influenced by the knighthoods of old. Non-members who read this Avork may be disappointed if they find upon joining the Order that what has been said herein has no bearing upon the cere- monies, purposes or aspirations of the Order, while others might be equally disappointed if they found the contrary to be true. Whether the Knights of Columbus resembles any other organization of the past or the present in any particular, it is no violation of the secrets of the Order to say that the "secret work," so-called, is believed by those who are fully con- versant with it, and have an otherwise competent knowledge, to be unexcelled. This work, immediately upon its intro- duction, made the Order singularly popular, and despite its many great achievements has continued to be the chief factor in maintaining the unusual popularity of the society. So far as the actual originators of the ceremonials of the Knights of Columbus are concerned our investigation leads us to believe that the essence of the work was a pure inven- tion. It may very seriously be doubted if the men or man 1. While of course all members are obligated uot to disclose any of the ceremonials, the only purpose of such inhibition is to keep men eligible for membership from a knowledge of them. Accordingly, whenever any kind of official or other important bona fide inquiry arises the books containing the ceremonials are promptly turned over to the proper officials and full examina- tion invited. In like manner under proper circumstances, bona fide inquirers or investigators may be permitted to be present and witness any or all of the ceremonies. The Order has no secrets which it is afraid to have made known. It has no fear of publicity. Of course all meetings of every char- acter are open to the Catholic clergy. 504 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS who composed the ritual ever studied with any degree of completeness the record of any other organization. It was perhaps just as well that he did not but to the credit of Daniel Colwell it must be said that a ritual, so-called, the child of his mind, was struck off, that has never been ex- THOMAS W. FLYNN, Calumet Council FRANCIS J. HOULIHAN, Leo XIII Council celled, and perhaps never equaled for the purpose for which it is intended. The language of the several charges was revised by Supreme Director John H. Reddin of Denver in 1909. Mr. Reddin has effected a great improvement in the ceremonials of all degrees. It must be conceded, however, that there is much in the CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 505 exemplification of these masterpieces of ceremonial. Al- though the elements of greatness repose in the work itself, it must be admitted that its excellence in execution depends largely upon the interpretation given. In this connection it is believed that the older and better informed members would concede that up to the time he was active in the order the late John J. Delaney, of New York, was the greatest master of the initiatory ceremonies.- In the West it is believed too that Delaney even was excelled in this role by Patrick L. McArdle.2 To this trio, Colwell, the originator, Delaney and McArdle, superb interpreters, is due in a large measure the immense popularity of the degree work of the Knights of Columbus, and in consequence the gratifying popularity and promi- nence of the Order. It is highly proper in this connection to state that the secret work, so-called, of the Knights of Columbus has met with approval of the highest dignitaries and greatest theo- logians of the Church, and that it is in all particulars promo- tive and preservative of the interest and principles of just government; and while membership in the Order is confined to men of the Catholic Faith, nothing in its rules, its secret work, or its proceedings of any nature reflects upon or dis- parages any other system of belief. If it be suggested that it is safe to make such an asser- tion on the theory that meetings are held behind closed doors, and "rituals" are not made public, the answer is that, in a contingency that would justify so doing any meeting of any branch of the order can be thrown open to the public or to bona fide inquirers, and, as has frequently been the case. 2. Mr. Delaney was not of the very earliest members. The Order had been in existence for several years before he became a member and it appears that he did not follow the beaten path of the earlier degree masters in all particulars. 3. Some of the very early members cling to the old traditions and usages, but the general run of officers throughout the country have adopted the Delaney and McArdle style ; albeit, it must be said, many do not succeed well in the display and practice of the taste and dignity emphasized by these early masters. 506 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS all the rituals or secret work may be delivered up for in- spection.* It seems proper also to indicate the nature of the pledges taken bv members by quoting one of the most solemn and im- portant of them. At an advanced stage in the degree work the Knight of Columbus makes the following promise : ' ' I swear to support the Constitution of the United States. I pledge myself, as a Catholic citizen and Knight of Columbus, to enlighten my- self fully upon my duties as a citizen and to conscientiously perform such duties entirely in the interest of my country and regardless of all personal consequences. I pledge myself to do all in my power to pre- serve the integrity and purity of the ballot, and to promote reverence and respect for law and order. I promise to practice my religion openly and consistently, but without ostentation, and to so conduct myself in public affairs, and in the exercise of public virtue as to reflect nothing but credit upon our Holy Church, to the end that she may flourish and our country prosper to the greater honor and glory of God. "s It is not improper to particularize to a limited extent with reference to some of the exponents of the ceremonials of the Order, revealing, of course, none of the features or expressions, the keeping private of which adds to the interest of the ceremonials. The first exponents of the Knights of Columbus cere- monials known to members in Illinois were Hon. John J. Delaney, John Barnes and Richard Farley, all of New York." Independent of the prevailing opinion that the degree officers from whom a member receives his honors are "best of all," it is certain that these were singularly gifted men in their several roles, Mr. Delaney especially enjoying an exception- ally high reputation as a degree officer. 4. See Note 1. 5. The above is the only "oath" taken by any member of the Order and is the culminating obligation of the Fourth Degree. There are several "promises" made by the member at various stages of his advancement such as to lead a Christian life, to go to church and to fulfill his duties as a man and a citizen. There is of course nothing resembling the blasphemous and libelous forgery published at various times and places by miscreants as the "Knights of Columbus Oath," and for the publication of which several persons have been criminally prosecuted and punished. 6. Came to Chicago to institute Chicago Council. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 507 In the few years succeeding the • establishment of the Order in Illinois other degree officers visited Chicago, the most notable of whom were John W. Hogan of Syracuse, N. Y., W. J. Cashman of Boston, and Supreme Knight John J. Cone, of New Jersey^ JOSEPH B. CRIVELLO, Alton Council EDWARD SUESS, Du Quoin Council Necessity as well as inclination spurred on local men to undertake the exemplification of the degrees, and two were soon found ready for that purpose. Patrick L. McArdle and Lewis E. Sauter were appointed District Deputies under State Deputy Thomas S. Keirnan in 1898, and not long after their 7. All came to confer degrees in early Chicago councils. 508 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS appointment both took up the study of the degree work. Just which one actually conferred the major degree first is a question that is a little hazy. The times at which these two distinguished members first acted in that capacity must have been very close together. District Deputy McArdle partici- pated at the time of the institution of Lafayette Council No. 361 on June 2, 1898. Speaking of this degree more than twenty years later Mr, McArdle said : "1 had never attempted any part of the work of the major degree. Some weeks before the event, it was decided that I should conduct the candidates for the new council through the mysteries of the ' third. ' With great fear and misgiving I started to prepare myself for this work. I had the most loyal co-operation from all the degree officers and members of the team, but yet I must say that I gave more thought and study to the preparation of my own work for this event than to any law-suit I have ever tried. I have always looked upon Lafayette Council as the first product of my greatest individual effort in Knights of Columbus activity, and though I have officiated at hundreds of Major Degrees over the ter- ritory extending from Buffalo, New York, to San Francisco, from Duluth to New Orleans, I have no prouder memory of my activities in the great Order than of the day Lafayette was instituted. ' 's Prior to this Mr. McArdle had acted as chancellor and was ambitious to become proficient in that particular role. He was now just as anxious to succeed in the major role, and started upon a career covering six and one-half years, during which time he was to make himself known throughout the length and breadth of the land. He was invited very fre- quently and of the numerous invitations received accepted some two hundred. His engagements in this capacity ex- tended from ocean to ocean and from Canada to the Gulf. At home and in nearby states Mr. McArdle was usually assisted by James Plunkett, Patrick Murphy, Thomas Burke, George Connors and Joseph Causeman, besides others, all of whom were very proficient and are remembered with much satis- faction by earlier members. 8. Letters written by McArdle. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 509 Lewis E. Sauter's first major degree was conferred on a class joining De LaSalle Council, as he remembers it, in 1897. District Deputy Sauter labored with equal energy for the per- fection of the ceremonials, and met with a full measure of success. In his earlier degree work, where locality made it HON. JOHN J. GORMAN. Gen. Sherman Council HON. JOHN W. RAINET, De LaSalle Council feasible, he was assisted by Thomas H. Cannon, Chief Eanger of the Catholic Order of Foresters, James Horan, later Chief of the Chicago Fire Department, and lamented as the heroic victim of the Stockj^ards fire, George Connors, Joseph Cause- man, Thomas J. Dawson, Michael J. Teehan, Joseph Flanagan and John T. Connery. As District Deputy and State Deputy Mr. Sauter was very frequently called upon for the purpose of degree work. 510 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS During State Deputy McArdle's five years as State Deputy he appointed several District Deputies, some of whom qualified as successful masters of the ceremonials. The next most active member in this regard was Mr. McArdle's suc- cessor as State Deputy, Joseph J. Thompson. Mr. Thompson JAMES C. O'BRIEN, Illinois Council JOHN F. BOLTON, Daniel Dowling Council joined the Order in 1901, and was appointed District Deputy in 1902, and entered active service as a degree master almost at once. His first major degree was exemplified to a class joining Lafayette Council in the year 1902. Mr. Thompson was among the first of the active officers down state, as the expression is used. Centrally located at Bloomington, Illi- nois, and appointed at a time when the territory in the cen- CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 511 tral part of the state was being rapidly organized, he became unusually active, and for some four years during which he was District Deputy and State Deputy, he exemplified the major degree on an average of twice each month ; frequently for long stretches once a week. Mr. Thompson's activities in this regard brought him into the outlying cities as well as into Chicago, and the single unpleasant recollection he retains of those strenuous days is the hardships of transportation experienced. District Deputy Thompson organized his own degree staff, and usually, where circumstances permitted, was assisted by his law partner, Thomas P. McDonnell (Long Tom, as he was familiarly known), Patrick J. White, the iron- handed blacksmith, Frank W. Gregory, A. A. Ullrich and Thomas F. Middleton, each of whom established a creditable reputation for efficiency in the several roles. During the administration of State Deputy Thompson in 1904 and 1905, John R. Brown of Rockford,^ and George G. McCarthy of Freeport,^" as District Deputies, with the assist- ance of David Daley, established a reputation for good degree work in the northern part of the state, while others, to have more particular mention, were working their way to high standing in other parts of the state. Among the popular Chicago officers developed during this time was Jerome J. Crowley,^ ^ first appointed District Deputy by State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson. Acting in the capacity of District Deputy for nearly ten years Mr. Crowley con- ferred the major degree many, many times, and always with unqualified success. Not only did Mr. Crowley act in this capacity in Chicago and all over the state of Illinois, but in Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Calgary and Alberta, Canada, Detroit, St. Paul, St. Louis and Kansas City. Mr. Crowley 's most frequent assist- 9. Since removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 10. Since removed to Dubuque, Iowa. „^ ^ 11. Of DeSoto Council. Was president of the Cliicago Chapter and is at present Master of LaSalle General Assembly, Fourth Degree. 512 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ants were Henry J. Lynch, to become Dean of his profes- sion, John Loftis, Patrick Murphy, Joseph Coffey, Thomas Hoy, James Donahoe, P. J. Martin, M. J. Tierney, Philip Sharkey, Patrick J. Murphy, J. Parnell Egan and George Crowley. James G. Condon^' and Daniel D. Donahoe^^ were two Chicago men who conferred the major degree very success- fully, assisted usually by much the same men as were Mc- Ardle and Crowley. James Donahoe," later Justice of the Municipal Court, became and remains a popular degree master, and has been in frequent demand for that purpose. He was usually assisted by Henry J. Lynch and the men who generally worked with District Deputy Crowley. Amongst the most successful degree masters in the south- ern central part of the state, even from the days of State Deputy McArdle, was Maurice V. Joyce of East St. Louis." As has been seen in the council sketches Mr. Joj^ce exempli- fied the major degree all through central and southern Illi- nois during the years 1902, 1903, 1904 and 1905, also organiz- ing his own degree staff, the members of which became well and favorably known. Edward J. Morrissy of Alton^® was another of the suc- cessful exponents of the major degree during this same period, assisted by a degree staff of his own selection. Not far distant, but a little later in time August Barthel, of Belleville,^^ developed into a very successful master of the major degree, and exemplified that honor in several cities in Illinois. His degree staff, organized from the home council of Belleville, usually consisted of Dr. J. K. Conroy, Henry Herr, Albert Bedel, James W. Igle, August Fersch, Adolph Schuester, and A. G. Kassebaum. 12. A leading Chicago lawyer. 13. A distinguished Chicago lawyer, since deceased. 14. Able lawyer and former Judge. 15. Distinguished lawyer. 16. One of the leading merchants of Alton. 17. Successful lawyer. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 513 E. A. Simmons, of Pontiac/^ must be counted amongst the most successful exponents of the major degree in the central part of the state. For sixteen years Mr. Simmons has been an active District Deputy, and remains one of the leading officers. He has exemplified the major degrees many times. JOHN J. FERRY. Jacksonville Council MICHAEL J. GERATT, Father O'Connor Council and has been called upon for repeat engagements, especially in Kankakee, where he was twice selected, Ottawa four times, LaSalle six times, Braidwood three times, and St. Louis, Mis- souri twice. Mr. Simmons has also worked in Minonk, Mor- ris, Jacksonville, Lincoln and Kewanee. He has also visited Hammond, Indiana, w4th his staff. District Deputy Sim- is. One of the leading lawyers of the Livingston County Bar. 514 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS mons is usually assisted by Judge Philip A. Gibbons of Pon tiae, F, A. Ortman, Edward Chalmers, Emil Dolan, W. B. Burke, Patrick Burke, J. P. Lyons, J. P. Lannon, James Fit/- simmons, Patrick McManus and George Horback. Andrew J. O'Connor of Ottawa was one of the most elo- quent of the Illinois District Deputies and conferred the honors frequently and very successfully. Following chronologically a number of District Deputies appointed by the fourth State Deputy, Lewis E. Sauter, developed into successful degree masters, amongst whom none became more popular than the succeeding State Deputy James Maher,^'' deceased. Mr. Maher as State Deputy con- ferred the major degree very frequently in Chicago and throughout the state and in neighboring states. His prin- cipal assistants were Henry J. Lynch, P. J. Martin, and a number of those who had grown up in the work with former State and District Deputies. William N. Brown,^° first as District Deputy, and later as State Deputy, became very successful in the ceremonials of the Order, not only in the major degree, but in the pre- liminary degrees as well. Mr. Brown discharged the duties of degree master in an infinitely pleasing manner, and dur- ing several years was in urgent demand. LeRoy Haekett^^ during his five years of service as State Deputy conferred the major degree very frequently, and always very successfully. Edward Houlihan,^- present State Deputy, was first ap- pointed District Deputy in 1912, and while he became a suc- cessful degree master was really more noted as an eminently successful organizer. An unusually large number of councils owe their successful institution to District Deputy Houlihan's efforts. As time passed, however, and especially since Mr. 19. See Chapter IX. 20. See Chapter IX. 21. See Chapter IX. 22. See Chapter IX. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 515 Houlihan has become State Deputy he has been called upon for an immense amount of degree work, and in that capacity- has traveled all over the state of Illinois, and is remembered with much satisfaction, not only by all those who have re- ceived their honors at his hands, but by those who witnessed the degree work as well. Dr. Charles 0. Molz,^^ of Murphysboro, has exemplified the major degree frequently with a high degree of satisfac- tion. He is usually assisted by John Ward, John Halpin, William Costigan, S. A. Bastien, William Wanstreet, Robert Forester and D, Hellestern. Michael V. Kannally,^^ of Chicago, has been a popular degree officer in many parts. He was a District Deputy for more than ten years, and did much valuable work during that time. Henry M. Kelly,^^ was a District Deputy for some six years, and conferred the major degree several times success- fully. Thomas M. Poynton, of Chicago, was a District Deputy in Illinois for four years, and in Michigan for some years. While in Michigan he had several successful major degrees. John E. Byrnes-" was a District Deputy for ten years, and during that time conferred the major degree quite satisfac- torily. Joseph J. Cook,-^ of Beardstown, was a District Deputy for three years, and conferred the major degree very suc- cessfully, twice at Jacksonville, and in Galesburg and Effing- ham. On these occasions he was assisted by John A. Annas, former State Secretary, Charles Devlin, Charles Hunt, T. V. Brannon and A. J. Schultz, all of Beardstown. James J. Kelly,^* of De LaSalle Council, was a District 23. Noted physician of Southern Illinois. 24. Distinguished Chicago lawyer. 25. Successful lawyer of the LaSalle County Bar. 26. Responsible officer of the Chicago Board of Education. 27. Presided for many years in the County Court of Cook County, now practicing law in Chicago. 28. Able Chicago lawyer. 516 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Deputy for seven years, and conferred the major degree many times, both within and outside of Illinois. Mr. Kelly gained the reputation as one of the most eloquent of the degree masters. He was usually assisted by Patrick Murphy, Francis J. Houlihan, John H. Collins, M. E. Dalton and George Connors. Joseph J. Freiburg,^'' of Quincy, was a popular degree master, and was frequently called upon to exemplify the major degree. He was usually assisted by Thomas J. Gilles- pie, Eobert Damborst, Dr. Raymond Padburg, Patrick Dan- iels, Charles Malley, J. R. Weltin and Frank C. Gavin. Sidney W. Ring,^" past State Treasurer, is well reputed as a master of the major degree. He is usually assisted by John F. Hogan, Joseph M. McGlynn, Dr. John F. Murphy, M. J. Byrnes, William Page, Thomas Murphy, Leo Burke, and E. A. Cunningham. There are at the present time a number of very active and unusually successful District Deputies. Amongst these may be named Congressman John J. Gorman.^^ Mr. Gorman has in the last three years exemplified the major degree many times in the state, besides some visits outside. He is a young man of striking eloquence and has established a splendid reputation. He is usually assisted by Michael J. Howlett, but frequently by Martin Howe as first assistant. Other mem- bers of the staff include Francis J. Houlihan, James J. Walsh, John P. McAuliffe, John E. Cooney and others. Joseph A. McMahon,^- of Chicago, has conferred the major degree very often in the last three years with satisfac- tion. He is usually assisted by John P. McAuliffe, John Rei- del, Thomas Hackett, John Brannon, Joseph Shay, Harry Shay, Thomas Burns, Thomas Bond, Daniel McAuliffe and Joseph McAuliffe. 29. Successful funeral director of Quincv, now deceased. 30. Past State Treasurer of State Council. 31. Able and successful Chicago lawyer. 32. Funeral director. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 517 James C. O'Brien,^^ of Chicago, in the course of five years has conferred the major degree frequently. John P. Bolton, ^'^ also of Chicago, has conferred the major degree frequently in the last three years. John E. Cooney^"^ has been a District Deputy for four SIDNEY W. RING, E. St. Louis Council FRANK A. TRAYNOR, Centralia Council years, and has exemplified the major degree many times in the state, and several times outside the state. Frank A. Traynor,^" of Centralia, was a very popular degree master in the central and southern parts of the state from 1908 to 1918, During that time he conferred the major 33. Noted lawyer and prosecutor. 34. Successful Chicago lawyer. 35. Printer and publisher. 36. Prominent business man. 518 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS degree very often. He was usually assisted by James L. Brady, B. I. Norris, J. Taylor, D. H. Traynor, Charles Hart, Edward Suess, W. Ordner, H. E. Meagher and Nello Linzini. Others who assisted occasionally were W. A. Mathis, F. Busse, G. A. Garnier, D. Meagher, H. Thompson, I. J. Gamier, M. 'Brian, E. Waggoner, F. J. Meagher and Joe Curran. John R. Kellahan,^^ of Granite City, has been a popular JOSEPH A. McMAHON, Danien Council JOHN E. COONEY, Hildebrand Council District Deputy for twelve years. In recent years he has conferred the major degree frequently. He is usually as- sisted by William C. Unthank, William P. Anson, Thomas Reilly, John Robbers and M. J. McGuire. John J. Ferry,^^ of Jacksonville, Illinois, has become a very popular exponent of the major degree and has exem- plified that degree frequently within and without the state. He is usually assisted by D. L. Buelley, P. H. Lonergan, W. 37. Electrical contractor. 38. Morgan County official. CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 519 M. Carroll, William F. Thompson, Harry D. Lavery, JooitpU E. McGinnis, who is especially eminent in his role, Frank McKenna, John E. Fogerty, D. Scott Sweeney, J. T. Roach, Francis J. Ferry, J. A. Schmalz, J. D. Becker, J. V. Ken- nedy, Thomas McManus, Frank Kiloran and Frank E. Baker, Michael J. Geraty,^^ of Chicago, has been a District Depi ty for five years, and has exemplified the major degree very often in Illinois, and several times outside Illinois. He is usually assisted by Martin J. Hough, Jack Burke, Travis H. Bradley, Thomas Campbell, John Moynihan, Thomas Flynn and "Wil- liam Murphy, with Martin J. Hough in the principal role. E. J. Sullivan**' is rapidly establishing a reputation as a degree master. District Deputy Edward Suess,*^ of Olney, has frequently conferred the major degree, assisted by Joseph Brassie, Arthur Mehmert, L. A. Brassie, John Martin, E. Brookfield, Jerome Mitchell, Joseph Daniel, E. E. Preble, John Ohm, and Thomas Davey, an exceptionally active officer. Charles L. Chambers,*^ is a popular and efficient degree master. John E. Moloney,*^ has conferred the major degree fre- quently and with satisfaction. Arthur Donoghue,** is one of the more recent appointees but has given several degrees in a satisfactory manner. The exemplification of degrees is not by any means the only work of a District Deputy. He may be assigned to almost any duty by the State Deputy, and is at all times when selected, for the purpose, the representative of the State Deputy and of the Supreme Knight. His full title is District Deputy Supreme Knight, just as the State Deputy's full title is State Deputy Supreme Knight. 39. Manufacturer's agent. 40. Funeral director. 41. Bank official. 42. Prominent business man. 43. Funeral director. 44. Chicago lawyer. 520 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS There are accordingly a number of District Deputies who are entitled to much credit by reason of valuable activities other than degree work. Amongst such should be named John T. McEnery/^ who has been a District Deputy for more than fifteen years. During that time District Deputy Mc Enery has conferred the major degree, but he has besides taken the cliief part in the organization of an unusually large number of new councils. He has also been extraordinarily active in the supervision of councils for which he has been se- lected as District Deputy, and has performed most satisfac- torily many special commissions entrusted to him by the several State Deputies. John R. Ford," of Chicago, is another example of the valuable District Deputy, not so active in degree work. Mr. Ford, besides organizing several councils at the direction of a State Deputy has exercised a most beneficial influence upon the conduct of councils for which he was appointed District Deputy or in which he was assigned some special work by the State Deputy. George F. Mulligan,*' has been for many years an active member in more than one council, and for three years a Dis- trict Deputy. He, too, is entitled to much credit on account of services rendered to the councils aside from degree work. In the same class should be mentioned Daniel F. Quinlan,*^ of Woodstock, R. J. Hodge,*^ of Murphysboro, Charles G. McNeany,^" of Rockford, Thomas J. Cunningham,^^ of Taylor- ville, P. J. Byrne," of La Salle, Patrick H. O'Donnell,'^ of Belvidere, Joseph B. Crivello,^* of Alton, C. Frank Daly, of "Woodstock. Harry J. Alt,^*' of Effingham, John E. Rear 45. Successful realtor, Chicago. 46. Chief Deputy U. S. Customs Collector. 47. Chicago Lawyer. 48. Successful realtor. 49. Bank official. 50. Prominent Ijusiness man. 51. Postmaster, newspaper man, public official. 52. Lawyer. 53. Lawyer. 54. Merchant. 55. Clothing merchant. 56. Prominent business man. 55 CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 521 don/'' of Waukegan, Martin J. Gannon,'^ of Dixon, John J. Sheehy,^^ of La Salle, T. V. Brannan,''" of Joliet, and Oliver J. Gibbs,"^^ of Aurora. Space prevents a review of adept members in other parts of the degree work, but an exception is justifiable in the case of the late lamented Michael W. Gleason,"- whose prece- dence as chancellor has never been questioned. It is regrettable that space will not permit tracing a large number of men who became very proficient in special parts in the degree work. It Avould be unpardonable, however, to omit mention of some Avho have become really famous in this respect. The earliest notables were "Tom" Burke, "Paddy" Murphy, "Jim" Horan, "Tom" Dawson, "Tom" Cannon, W. J. Callahan, E. J. Stackhouse, who though an lowan, fre- quently invaded Illinois, "Dave" Daley, "Bob" Scott, Dr. J. K. Cronin, "Long Tom" McDonnell, and John J. Howlett. In this galaxy of celebrities early appeared Henry J. Lynch, destined to excel all his predecessors in the extent of his labore at least. Henry J. Lynch,**^ first participated in the major degree in 1899 and continued in a heavy role until 1920. During that time he had been one of the chief actors in many major degrees. He has acted as assistant to State Deputies Joseph J. Thompson, Lewis E. Sauter, James iNIaher, LeRoy Hackett, William N. Brown and Edward Hou- lihan of Illinois, State Deputies John J. Fleming of Iowa, Herbert Jackson of Montana, W. D. Dwyer of Wisconsin, 0. N. Marron of New Mexico, District Deputies Daniel D. Donahoe, James Donahoe, Jerome J. Crowley, Charles L. Chambers, Joseph K. McMahon, Arthur Donoghue, Joseph 57. Clothing manufacturer. 58. Prominent business man. 59. Merchant. 60. Officer of steel company. 62 Acquired much popularity as National Organizer from 1890 to his death which occurred Oct. 16, 1904. He was born in 1860, in Jolu-t. Illinois. First 'employed with Armour & Co.. and later in meat business on his own account. „ . ^ 63. Clothier. See chapter on State Council. 522 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS A. McMalion, Michael J. Gerraty, John E. Maloney and Ed ward Sullivan. In the course of his work he visited Iowa, Montana, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Kentucky, Tennessee and Canada. "Marty" Hough, in the course of the last few years, has acted in an important capacity many times, and is in constant ^^■■P' .mm. ^ ■ Rf '" , ^" v|H Kiii: te t m iJiHH HI " m fe. mS^^m ■■* ^ rx mj^k ^^^Hj^^ \ 1 JOSEPH P. WALSH, Calumet Council JOSEPH J. FRIEBURG, Quincy Council demand in Chicago, and indeed in all parts of the country. Michael J. Howlett has a fine record in a similar role. George T. Howlett and John P. McAuliffe are in frequent demand also and accounted very popular. In downstate localities James L. Brady of Centralia has established a reputation as assistant to District Deputy Frank A. Traynor. William C. Unthank is doing excellent work with District Deputy John E., Kelahan. E. L. Bentley and P. H. Lonergan have both become very popu- lar as assistants to District Deputy John J. Ferry of Jackson- ville, and Joseph Brassie as assistant to District Deputy Ed- CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 523 ward Suess, while Judge Philip A. Gibbons of Pontiac, re- mains a prime favorite as assistant with District Deputy E. A. Simmons. Those in attendence at exemplification meetings have be- come familiar with the many and helpful efforts of a num- ber of "regulars" without whom some of the attractions of the meetings would be wanting. In this class should be men- tioned the Ward brothers, "Paddy" and "Joe," in early days, John J. Owens, the incomparable w^arden. The Rus- sell brothers, Doctors Dennis P. and Joseph L., D. J. Normoyle, D. D. S., Phillip Sharkey and M. J. Tierney. ILLINOIS DISTRICT DEPUTIES Name Location First appointed by Ackerman, Robert B Elgin James Maher, S. D. Ahearn, James D Cliicago James Malier, S.D. Alt, Harry J Effingham Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Barry, Thomas E Dwight James Maher, S.D. Barthel, August Belleville Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Bartley, Joseph F Peoria Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Behringer, Frank Woodstock Edward HouHhan, S.D. Bergen, Daniel P Chicago Heights... Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Birong, Peter B Chicago James Maher, S.D. Bolton, John F Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Bourke, William Peoria James Maher. S.D. Brannon, Thomas V Beardstown Edward Houlihan, S.D. Brennan, Thomas V Joliet Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Brown, John R Rockford Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Brown, Williain N Oak Park James Maher, S.D. Burke, Daniel Ottawa Patrick L. McArdle. S.D. Burns, Eugene J Rock Island Lewis Edward Sauter, S. D. Burns, M. J Galena Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Burns, Thomas F Elgin James Maher, S.D. Burt, Fred M Rock Island Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Byrnes, John E Chicago James Maher. S.D. Byrne, P. J La Salle Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Cannon, Thomas F Chicago Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Cannon, Thomas H Chicago James Maher, S.D. Carey, Thomas Carew Harvard Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Carlin, Harry W Kewanee James Maher, S.D. Chambers, Chas. L Chicago James Maher, S.D. Clancy, E. G., M.D Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Clavin, A. M Sterling Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Cleary, Michael H Galena Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Condon, James G Chicago Patrick D. McArdle. S.D. Condon, Thomas J Springfield James Maher, S.D. Conwav, Wm. Henry Springfield Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Cooke, Joseph J Beardstown Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Cook, Samuel E Pullman Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Coonev, John J Woodstock Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Cooney, John E Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Corby, W. Francis Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. 524 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Name Location First appointed by Cosgrove, Terrence B Danville James Maher, S.D. Crivello, Joseph B Alton Edward Houlihan, S.D. Crowley, Jeremiah J Chicago Patrick L. McArdle, S.D Crowley, Jerome J Chicago Joseph J. Thompson, S.l > Crush, Louis W Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Cunningham, T. J Taylorsville Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Daly, C. Frank Woodstock Edward Houlihan, S.D. Daley, Joseph P Waukegan Edward Houlihan, S.D. Daly, Thomas H.. M.D Mt. Carmel Edward Houlihan, S.D. Daly, William Pana James Maher. S.D. Daugherty, JMichael J Galesburg Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Davey, Thomas H Chicago James Maher. S.D. Dawson, Thomas J South Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Dolan, O. J Peoria William N. Brown. S.D. Donahoe, Daniel D Chicago Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Donahoe, James Chicago James Maher. S.D. Donoghue, Arthur Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Donnelly, H. E Morrisonville James Maher, S.D. Donovan, Thos. F Kankakee Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Dooling, Frank E Springfield Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Doyle, Thos. F i^a Salle Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Dowdall, John A De Kalb Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Drew, Thos. F Decatur Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Duncan, Nicholas V La Salle James Maher, S.D. Easter, Adolph H Chicago William N. Brown. S.D. Enright, Frank J Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Erwin, John E Dixon Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Ewerts, Peter Chicago James Maher, S.D. Fegers, Rev. H. M Freeport Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Ferry, John J Jacksonville James Maher, S.D. Fitzgerald, Daniel E Chicago Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Fitzgerald, M. J Assumption James Maher. S.D. Flynn, Thomas W Chicago Patrick L. McArdle. S.D. Ford, John R Chicago Joseph J. Thompson. S.D. Fox, John M Chicago Edward Houhhan, S.D. Frieberg, Joseph J Quincy James Maher. S.D. Gannon, Martin J Dixon Edward Houlihan, S.D. Gawer, Otto F Morrisonville Le Rov Hackett, S.D. Geraty, Michael F Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Gibbs, Oliver J Aurora Edward Houlihan, S.D. Gill, Thomas E Rockford Edward Houlihan, S.D. Girten, Michael F Chicago Joseph J. Thompson. S.D. Goeken, Victor V Alton Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Gorman, John J Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Graham, R. E Galesburg Edward Houhhan, S.D. Gshwend, Wm. C Alton Edward Houlihan, S.D. Guthrie, John J Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Hagel, Theodore Mt. Sterling Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Hanafin, Frank P Elgin James Maher, S.D. Hayes, Frank H Morris Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Hickey, John P Kankakee Le Roy Hackett. S.D. goag, Joseph J Mattoon Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Hodge, R. J Murphysboro James Maher, S.D. Hoefer, Wm. L Peoria Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Hoey, Peter C Chicago James Maher, S.D. Hope, W. J Sr De Kalb Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Hottinger, Joseph A Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Houlihan. Francis J Chicago James Maher. S. D. Houhhan, Edward Chicago James Maher, S.D. James, Robert Evanston James Maher, S.D. Johnson, Wm. C Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Joyce, Maurice V East St. Louis. . . . Patrick L. McArdle, S.D CEREMONIES AND EXPONENTS 525 Name Location First appointed by Kahler, John F Rochelle Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Kannally, Michael V Chicago Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Kannally, Wm. A Sterling Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Keating, B. P Streator James Maher, S.D. Kelahan, John R Granite City James Maher, S.D. Kelly, James J Chicago Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Kelly, Edw. J Ottawa Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Kelly, Henry M Ottawa Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Kelly, Joseph J Chicago James Maher, S.D. Kelly, P. M., M.D Litchfield James Maher, S.D. Kelly, Michael Argo Edward Houhhan, S.D. Kerrigan, Thos. P Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Kiernan, John F Peoria Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Kirby, Wm. J Peru Edward Houhhan, S.D. Langan, Theodore H Morrisonville Edward Houlihan, S.D. Latchford, Geo. P Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. La Velle, Thos. E Rock Island Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Lillis, John T Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Linskey, M. F Streator Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Lucey, Patrick J Streator Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. McArdle, Patrick L Chicago Thomas S. Keirnan, S.D. McCann, James Morris Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. McCann, James Joliet James Maher, S.D. McCarron, John F Farmersville James Maher, S.D. McCarthy, George G Freeport Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. McCarthy, Justin Chicago William N. Brown, S.D. McDonald, John W Rockford James Maher, S.D. McEnery, John T Chicago Joseph J. Thompson. S.D. McBvoy, M. H Decatur Le Roy Hackett, S. D. McGlynn, Joseph East St. Louis. . . . Le Roy Hackett, S.D. McGrail, J. E La Salle Le Roy Hackett. S.D. McKenna, Philip J Chicago Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. McMahon. T. T Freeport Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. McMahon, H. A Kankakee Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. McMahon, Joseph K Chicago Le Roy Hackett. S.D. McMahon, Joseph A Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. McNeaney, Chas. G Rockford Edward Houlihan, S.D. Maher, James Chicago Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Malone, M. F De Kalb Edward Houlihan, S.D. Malonev, John E Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Manion, J. F Freeport Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Marron, John T Rock Island James Maher. S.D. Martens, Edward Blue Island Edward Houlihan, S.D. Meehan. Wm. J Springfield Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Meyer, E. P Danville Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Moiz, Chas. F., M.D Murphysboro Joseph J. Thompson. S.D. Moore, Wm. R Moline Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Moran, Wm. M.. Jr Mattoon Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Moriartv. John J Quincy Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Morris, Thos. G Wilmette Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Morissey, Edw. J Alton Patrick L. McArdle. S.D. Morissey John T Danville Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Morissey, D. J Chicago James Maher, S.D. Movnihan, James P Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Mulligan, George F Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Murphv, Joseph E Moline James Maher, S.D Murphy, James F Rock Island Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Murray, Thomas J Rock Island Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Nilles, Philip C Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Normoyle, D. J Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. O'Brien, James C Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. O'Connell, Wm. J Evanston James Maher, S.D. O'Connor, Andrew J Ottawa Joseph J Thompson, S.D. O'Connor, Eugene C Kewanee Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. 526 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS O'Connor, Thomas Peoria Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. O'Connor, James F Chicago Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. O'Donnell, Patrick H Belvidere Patriclc L. McArdle. S.D. O'Donnell, Michael Effingham James Maher. S.D. O'Mara, James Decatur James Maher, S.D. Phelan. John J Chicago Patrick L. McArdle. S.D. Poynton, Thos. M Chicago James Maher, S.D. Powers, Edw. J De Kalb James Maher, S.D. Powers, George W Chicago Edward Houhhan, S.D. Prystalski, John Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Quinlan, Daniel F Woodstock Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Quinlan, Robert Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Quinn, Frederick A Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Rank, Frederick W Moline Lewis Edward Sauter, S.D. Reardon, John E Waukegan Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Riley J. H M.D De Kalb Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Ring,' Sidney W East St. Louis Edward Houlihan, S.D. Rush, John T Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Russell, Joseph L., M.D Chicago James Maher. S.D. Ryan, John J Monmouth Edward Houlihan, S.D. Ryan, Lawrence Decatur Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Sauter, Lewis Edward Chicago Thomas S. Kiernan, S.D. Schlenk, George Rockford Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Sexton, Thos. G Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Sexton, Michael H Rock Island Edward Houlihan, S.D. Sheehan, M. J Ottawa William N. Brown, S.D. Sheehy, John J Utica Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Sherer, Thos. A Quincy Lewis Edward Sauter. S.D. Shopin, Frank B Elgin Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Simmons, Emil A Pontiac Joseph J. Thompson, S.D. Smith, A. E Kankakee James Maher, S.D. Streeter, Fred B Aurora Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Suess, Edw Olney Le Roy Hackett. S.D. Sullivan, D. J Rochelle James Maher. S.D. Sullivan, Edw. J Chicago Edward Houlihan, S.D. Sullivan, Michael F Chicago James Maher. S.D. Sweitzer, Robert M Chicago James Maher, S.D. Thompson, Joseph J Bloomington Patrick L. McArdle, S.D. Toal, Joseph Monmouth Edward Houlihan, S.D. Traynor, Frank A Centralia James Maher. S.D. Trumbull, George T Chicago James Maher, S.D. Vail, Edward Dixon James Maher, S.D. Wall, J. D Quincy William N. Brown. S.D. Walsh, Joseph P Chicago William N. Brown, S.D. Walsh, J. T., M.D Cairo Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Walsh, Martin Chicago Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Weber, C. L., M.D Cairo Edward Houhhan, S.D. Weber, George R., M.D Olney Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Welch, Thos. J Kewanee Le Roy Hackett, S.D. Whealen, Emmet P Chicago William N. Brown, S.D. Witthoeft. Charles H Chicago Edward Houhhan, S.D. Woods, William F Champaign James Maher, S.D. ) A' w CHAPTER XIII OCCASIONAL, INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES Many undertakings and accomplishments of the Knights of Columbus or of some division, commission or agency of the Order are important, but defy classification. Accord- ingly, it seems proper to devote a chapter to such activities, and perhaps the most appropriate for first mention concerns various channels of publicity and intercommunication consist- ing of periodicals, bulletins and various kinds of publications. THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS PRESS The Order in its national capacity established in 1902, an official organ under the name of Columhiad, which, with some changes, including a change of name from Columbmd to Columbia, made in the year 1921, has been published monthly in magazine form, and sent to all the members of the Order. ^ Soon after the Illinois State Council was organized the need for a publication of some sort was felt, and as early as 1903, a sprightly little bulletin under the name of "The Strand" was published by A. P. Dulligan. This publication was short lived, and though there were some other attempts nothing permanent was accomplished until the year 1906. During the administration of State Deputy Joseph J. / Thompson, negotiations were entered into by him, at the in- / stance of John F. Byrnes, to secure a franchise for a weekly //^aper which would enable the publisher of a Knights of Columbus paper to gain access to the mails. These efforts resulted in securing the title to a publication of long standing, known as The Western Catholic, and a merger was effected 1. Columbia Is becoming an extraordinarily well-known matrazine. 527 528 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS by which the new publication became known as The Columbian and Western Catholic. WheK Lewis E. Saiiter became State Deputy in 1906, he exter^ded his approval and co-operation to the publishers in launching the new organ. The first issue of the Colunibian appeared on August 25, 1906. It contained, amongst other interesting items, the com- ^X plete report of the proceedings of the convention of the State Council held May 8, 1906, and is the only remaining source of information regarding that convention, since no separate report was printed. This number also contained several good views of the Chi- cago Chapter club rooms and dining room, then in operation, and just recently established. In form the earliest numbers of the Columbian were prac- ' ' X tically the same as that used at the present time. In make-up the paper for many years was remarkable for the size of the half tone cuts used for illustrations, thus demonstrating that engravers must have exacted a much smaller price for their work in those days, else the publisher would soon be bankrupt. The Columbian was published under the direction of Mr. .?**"'"'< I^^^^jfcwa^s, who displayed considerable enterprise in its manage- ment, until the year 1908, when Robert A. Hoyne became owner, subject to some outstanding stock holdings of the Columbian Publishing Company, organized by Mr. Byrnes, and published the paper until 1911, when Frank J. Quinn became President of the Company, and took over most of the outstanding interests, and entered upon the active manage- ment of the periodical. At various times during the life of the Columbian, William J. Dillon, Edward J. Kane, and latterly and up to the present Frank M. Hayes, have acted in the capacity of business ^ y manager. In the early days of the paper the editorials were written by various members of the Order, and as time passed, Jerome S 5 ^'S W)U oS5? 01 •ec-gc — >H . K c rt o o O fc; B3.C W T

, 0) c ■ o .£1 0) o rt O c-' _ ccm t-J b o "J U tn D a; 530 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS J, Crowley for two or three years furnished many of the editorials. Past State Deputy Joseph J. Thompson began writing editorials for the Columbian in 1908, but became Editor-in-Chief only in 1910, in which capacity he has con- tinued to the present time. In recent years, beginning in 1917, "William J. Clark has written feature news articles almost weekly. A system of correspondents has been developed for the Columhian that has made it of great value to the various councils and the membership at large. From the very earliest it was habitual to publish notices with more or less comment of the activities of the councils, — of the Chicago Chapter, of the Fourth Degree, and other news and notes concerning the Order or any branch of it. The plan was finally hit upon of having regular correspondents from the several councils and from the Chapter and Fourth Degree whose duty it became under council regulations to furnish copy each week detailing the local activities. In practice difficulties were experienced in regulating these council contributions. The quantity of space, the char- acter of the contributions, the time and manner in which the contributions should be provided, and other questions arose, and had to be adjusted. The periodical was really published under the provisions of the laws of the Supreme Council, which provide for the publication of applications for membership, and accordingly fell under the jurisdiction of the State and District Deputies — hence when it became apparent that regulation was nec- essary all matters of dispute or criticism were referred to a meeting of the State and District Deputies, called for the purpose of considering the matter of regulation. A meeting for that purpose was held in February, 1910, at which Past State Deputy Thompson was asked to outline the scope, re- strictions, etc., of the conduct of the periodical. As this out- line was adopted by the District Deputies, and has since been INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 531 THOMAS D. GRIFFITH, Chairman Illinois State Council Athletic Commission 532 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the basis of operation, it is thought that its reproduction here is justified. After stating- that "no general catalogue of desirable and undesirable matter for the columns of a paper like the Colum- bian could be made that would cover every contingency, and no set of rules could be laid down that would not be subject to some exceptions," nevertheless some'principles could be stated to furnish a working basis. These were set out as follows : FIKST, AS TO GENEEAL CONTENTS— (a) Important public occurrences. (b) Important general activities of the Order throughout the jurisdiction. (c) Important Church events and events that reflect credit upon the Church, and important movements and actions amongst the great nationalities represented in the Church. (d) Educational movements approved by the Church, and all educational work along such lines inaugurated, supported or participated in by the Order. (e) Ecasonable attention to religious subjects at the hands of the clergy who alone should deal with doctrinal and controversial religious topics. (f) A proper admixture of special technical writings from qualified sources within the Order. (g) Meritorious and authoritative treatment of the professions, art, lit- erature, music and drama. (h) Careful treatment and presentation of the features and scope of the Order, including its general purpose and its particular work, such as educational, benevolent, charitable, insurance, literary, etc. (i) Clean, legitimate advertising. General contributions of the character above should be invited. SECOND, AS TO COUNCIL CONTRIBUTIONS— (a) Everything proposed or achieved by the council along the lines above indicated. (b) All creditable social affairs. (c) All clean sports. (d) Praiseworthy efforts and real achievements of individual members of councils. / INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 533 (e) Such activities of officers, individuals or committees as are somewhat out of the ordinary and really deserving special recognition. On the other hand, matter along the lines here to be suggested would seem either without value, or if of some value to the individual council, yet not of sufficient worth to outweigh general objections. THIRD, IMPROPER OR OBJECTIONABLE MATTEI^- (a) Anything in opposition to the settled principles of the Church or the Order or any work finally and definitely approved by the Church or the Order. (b) Criticism, covert or otherwise, of the Church, its officers, ministers, or action general or particular, (e) Criticism of the Order, or of the officers or members of the Order, unless founded upon unquestioned merit and authority, and then only when made essential to the Order 's continued well-being. (d) Vainglorious boasting and superlatives in the description of efforts or accomplishments. (e) Individual "boosting" for jiolitical or other reasons. (There seems to be no regular word so well fitted to our tendency to sing our praises or the praises of those we wish to compliment as the semi- slang phrase used.) (f) An extensive use of slang and nicknames or indulgence in much frivolity. (g) Names of persons appointed or acting on committees unless in some more than ordinary duty, lists of names of persons attending meet- ings or functions and frequent repetition of the names of mem- bers or others or extravagant eulogies. (h) Lengthy set programs and extended comment thereon. (i) Lengthy resolutions, obituary or otherwise. 2 It would, of course, be maeeurate to state that tliese regulations were always fully complied with. Being a human enterprise it is to be expected that many errors and inac- curacies would occur. As a matter of fact the Columbian, like every other paper, has been subjected to many and severe criticisms, many of which were beyond doubt justified. Through all the years of its existence the Columbian has adhered steadily to several fundamental principles however, which may be summed up as follows: 2. See Columbian, Feb. 25, 1910, p. 4. 534 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS First: It was always for the Order. When any ques- tion was settled by the proper authorities, the settlement was binding upon the Colimi'bian, and its columns expressed ac- quiescence or approval. Second: The paper was always dutiful to the Church, without ever pretending to represent the Church, its doctrines or discipline in any manner. It always counseled obedience to the Church and never entered upon any disputation or con- troversy regarding Church matters. Third : It sought to be representative of the membership. How lamentably it may have failed in this regard in particu- lar instances may not be stated. The purpose however, was to maintain the publication on a high plane. Fourth : Sometimes, in the early days, questions of polit- ical preferment crept into the columns through the old system of political "writeups. " In general, the columns have been kept clean in this regard, however, and for years past nothing of a partisan political nature has been permitted to appear in the columns unless by accident or oversight. There are perhaps very few weekly papers published and distributed to a larger number of readers. The weekly issue has climbed to nearly 50,000 and the publication of the periodical is indeed a task of considerable magnitude. As compared with the mailing list of the Columhia, the official monthly organ of the Supreme Council, of course the Colum- hian list is small, but when it is remembered that there are fifty-two issues of the Columbian during the year to the twelve issues of Columhia, each containing as many pages and many issues containing many more pages, the disparity does not appear so great. The Columbian has made a rather enviable record of special numbers. Some of these, especially in the earlier days, were somewhat on the "boost" order, but as time has passed the work has been largely standarized and special numbers have been quite free from objection. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 535 Looking through the files one's attention is attracted to a very meritorious number, published March 17, 1910, in recognition of St. Patrick's Day and of a reception held by the Irish Fellowship Club for the President of the United States, William Howard Taft. The edition was printed in green ink throughout, and a full page cut of the President appeared on the front cover. The conclusion of a special editorial in that number reads as follows: "It is not aside from the purpose of this periodical to take special note of this festive occasion for several reasons; first, because the day is one on which one of the greatest saints of the Church is honored; second, because a large majority of the members of the Irish Fellowship Club are worthy members of our Order, and, lastly, because our President, the President of the whole people, is the honored guest. ' '3 The next special edition was issued on October 11, 1912, as a memorial of Columbus Day. It contained an outline of the Columbus Day program, and some very remarkable views of the pageant enacted in celebration of the day. Alluding to the special edition of the Columhian pub- lished October 10, 1913, an able correspondent wrote at the time as follows : "A masterpiece in fraternal order journalism, a treasure to every Knight of Columbus and to the members of all Catholic organizations and a souvenir commemorative of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus that in years to come will be a keepsake for men and women of the Catholic faith, when many of those whose features appear in the Landing Day number of the Columbian of 1913 have passed to the great beyond. In these few words we desire to express our appreciation of last week's edition of your valued journal, and the management is to be congratulated on the excellent work. ' '* A splendid special edition of the Columhian was issued October 9, 1914, in commemoration of Landing Day. The unique feature of this issue consisted in a description of the 3. This number was favorably commented upon by President Taft dur- ing the reception. 4. Columbian, Oct. 17, 1913. 536 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS HENNEPIN COUNCIL BASKET BALL, TEAM. Champions, North Division, 1920-21 and K. C. City Champions, 1920-21 women's Catholic societies and several pages were devoted to cuts of the officer's of those societies. The editorials dealt with the relation of the Order to the Chrrch, the relation of the Order to the State, the approba- INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 537 tion of the Order, the efforts and achievements of the Order and the Knights of Columbus plan of insurance. The special edition of Columbus Day, 1915, contains an advance account of Columbus Day celebration, an address by Eev. Thos. J. Burke, C.S.P., on the Spirit of Columbus, a story of the origin of the Order, an article on educational activities of the Order, and numerous portraits. Landing Day number of the ColuniMan, dated October 13, 1916, was a very fine edition. It contained a good article on the Chicago Chapter, its Mission and Work, by John T. Lillis, its President, an article on the La Salle Assembly Fourth Degree; Child Saving by the Knights of Columbus, by W. J. Clark, a sketch of the Order, and several good cuts. Page 9 presented the first seven State Deputies, with a short sketch of each. One of the most meritorious issues of the Columbian was the special number published October 17, 1919, taking the character of a military edition. It contained a comprdiensive review of the relief work of the Order, a detailed account of the relief work at Camp Grant, at the Great Lakes Training Station, and numerous special articles pertaining to the war and the work of the Order. In his annual report as President of the Chapter in 1912, President William N. Brown said : ' ' This body and the Knights of Columbus generally in Cook County owe a debt of gratitude to the publicity given by the Columbian and Western Catholic for its very efficient promotion and publicity of every Knight of Columbus endeavor. ' ' The great success of our annual outing and the Chapter Ball is due largely to the publicity given by the Columbian and proves conclusively the value to the order of such a medium. The Chapter has from time to time thanked the Columbian and now again acknowledges gratefully the spirit that actuated its response to the State Deputy 's request that it go to press a day earlier in order to give a final word to the members regard- ing the Chapter Ball. ' '5 5, Columbian, Feb. IG, 1912. 538 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS A short editorial appearing in the Columbian of January 10, 1913, indicates to some extent the policy that the publish- ers have attempted to pursue: SCANDALS NOT ASSETS In some newspaper offices a new scandal is worth money. If it be a big one it is worth a special edition. The Columbian office is not such a one. We do not recognize value in scandal. In all the years of the life of the paper we do not recall seeing a single line that would tend to scandalize anyone. We do not recall ever seeing in the columns of the Columbian a single report of a crime of any kind as a matter of news, or a reference that could possibly have an evil influence. Not a line has appeared in this paper in the way of exposure of evils, be they graft, drunkenness, immorality, or other shortcomings. And the paper has lived. We have reason to believe it has been read, too. These reflections are indulged in only to add weight to the opinion held by many sensible people that sensations are not essentials in the newspaper business, even if profitable. It may be that it works some good to expose evil, but it cannot be doubted that it frequently works harm. Unquestionably many evils are committed in direct imitation of others described in published accounts. Men and boys are led to commit faults they never heard of until they saw an account of their commission in the papers.^ Many of the councils maintain bulletins or monthly papers ; in fact, nearly all of the councils outside of Cook County publish bulletins or leaflets, some of them regularly, and some only occasionally, which are convenient for intercom- munication amongst the members. Some of the Chicago coun- cils have at various times published papers of considerable importance. Amongst those may be named the Calumet Progress, which has been maintained for a number of years, and has been quite a pretentious publication. A close com- petitor of the Calumet Progress is the Lafayette News, pub- lished by Lafayette Council, and in which much meritorious 6. ColumMan, Jan. 10, 1913, p. 8. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 539 matter has appeared. The Perez Smile, edited by Daniel O'Connell, is the official organ of Father Perez Council, and has been conducted for a number of years with special vigor and considerable ability. The Xaverian is published by Francis Xavier Council, under the direction of Rev. F. X. Breen, S. J., and has attracted no little attention on account of the strong editorials and general excellence of its contents. The latest council publication is the St. Rita Cheer, the official organ of St. Rita Council, under the editorship of Elmer E. Cramer. Another element of the press consists of extraordinary publications in the way of jubilee histories, council directories, souvenirs of various activities, and not infrequently memorials to departed members. SPORTS AND ATHLETICS The Chicago Councils began early to cultivate the athletic field. From the very earliest days of the Order in Illinois, it was usual for the younger members to organize ball teams and arrange for games when and where it was feasible. BASE BALL It was not until 1905 however, that any organized effort involving the joint action of different councils was made. Before the beginning of the baseball season in 1905, a base- ball league was organized, which included several councils. A communication to the Columbian records some facts in reference to that league : ' ' The Knights of Columbus Baseball League organized a year ago has done much to promote interest in our national game. Our games have been well attended, and have been particularly popular on account of the absence of rowdyism on the part of the players. The pennant this year was nearly won by Feehan, who had the honor a year ago."' 7. Columbian of even date. 540 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS As stated, the pennant for 1905 was won by Feehan Council. The then State Deputy, Joseph J. Thompson, early in the season, offered a pennant to the championship team, and at a banquet held at the Council Rooms of Feehan Council, presented the same. The League continued in operation, and in 1906 con- sisted of, South Division : Leo XIII, Commercial, Calumet, FATHER PEREZ COUNCIL TEAM, Champion-s, K. of C. League, 1916-17-19-20-21 De LaSalle, Hildebrand and Englewood. West Division : Feehan, Damen, Daniel 'Connell, Marquette, LaFayette and DeSoto. For 1906 the pennant was won by Leo XIII. Some interest attaches to the bestowal of pennants in that year. Mr. Edward W. Rew of Marquette Council was Presi- dent of the League from its inception. During the year 1906, Mr. Rew received a letter from Mr. Harry R. Gibbons as follows : "Dear Sir and Brother: As a member of the Knights of Ck)lumbus League, T uould like to be given the opportunity of presenting to your INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 541 League a pennant which could be competed for each year by the different clubs in the Knights of Columbus League. ' ' If your committee looks favorably upon this proposition, I wOl at once procure the pennant and present same to your committee whenever it is agreeable to you to receive same. Harry P. Gibbons. ' '« At a meeting of the League held soon after, the proffer of the pennant was accepted, and a committee composed of LeRoy Hackett of Feehan Council, John J. Morgan of Com- mercial Council and John J. Priestly of Leo XIII Council was appointed to advise Mr. Gibbons of the acceptance. Mr. Gibbons immediately ordered Messrs. T. C. Gleason & Co. to make up "the handsomest banner that money could buy. "9 Accordingly, on Wednesday, October 26th, at the Chapter Headquarters, 112 East Monroe Street, there gathered around the banquet board "all the shining lights of the baseball world in Knights of Columbus circles." The occasion was the presentation of the banner emblematic of the champion- ship of the Knights of Columbus Baseball League presented by the State Deputy, Lewis E. Sauter, to the winners, Leo XIII team, and also to take possession of the league trophy banner donated by Harry R. Gibbons, which it was in- tended should be played for each season until one of the teams won three times, when it became the property of the three-time winners. Francis J. Houlihan, Grand Knight of Leo XIII Council, presented District Deputy Thomas W. Flynn, who acted as toastmaster. State Deputy Sauter, in a few well chosen remarks, pre- sented a championship banner donated by himself, and the Harry R. Gibbons banner was presented by Mr. Frank J. Sherlock of Chicago Council. Speeches of acceptance were made by Francis J. Ilouli- 8. Columbian. 9. Columhiaii. 542 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS han, and by John J. Sullivan, manager of the baseball team. Vocal selections were rendered by Messrs. Harry Scott and R. N. Hallinan; LeRoy Hackett, Grand Knight of Fee- han Council and Edward W. Rew, President of the Baseball League responded to toasts. The Baseball League w^as voted a genuine success and its future prospects pronounced bright.^" DAMEN COUNCIL TEAM, Champions in Bowling League City Tournament In its issue of April 19, 1907, the Columbian extended an invitation to those interested in athletics to use space in the paper : "The Columbian would like to hear from the managers of the various teams in the Knights of Columbus League as to the personnel of the different teams, as arrangements are being made to give adequate space to this news during the baseball season; also all athletic events. "n 10. Columhian. 11. The columns of the Columl)ian have always been open to reports and news of sports and athletics. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 543 Possibly in response to this invitation a communication appeared in the Columbian May 24, 1907, part of which was as follows: "Baseball. Such an array of Kniglits, Grand Knights, Past Grand Knights, Knights with ample girth, lean Knights, Kjiights with wavy locks, bald-headed Knights, bow-legged Knights, Kjiights who might put Apollo to shame, diminutive Knights, panetella Knights; in fact, every Knight scrambled into line, hoping to procure one of these dazzling uniforms and play the national game. ' ' Crowds surrounded the diamond and cheered wherever the councils composing the Knights of Columbus Baseball League gathered for their opening games. "Over on the North Side, Clifford led his prancing colts against the Daniel O 'Councils. Away out south, Calumet and Thomas Aquinas waged mighty battle. Leo Council fell into line behind the valiant Titus and a victory over Madonna lends more luster to the ' halo. ' "Out west, Damen and Lafayette held a love match. With Alphonse and Gaston politeness they hauded each other hits and runs, apologizing to the umpires for keeping them awake, but the real excitement was cen- tered about the contest between Feehan and Hennepin. "Not a familiar feature was missing; the valiant leader of last year's successes giving advice freely and generously and establishing a private morgue for every "fly" that dropped into his garden. "The conflict between the BuHs and Bears 'on change' prevented Commercial from meeting Hildebrand. ' ' Joseph A. Regan furnished this bit of sporting news. Mr. Regan continued his interest in furnishing baseball informa- tion for some time, but if he furnished the next few contributions, he was too modest to sign his name. By a communication in the issue of June 14, 1907, we are told that: The teams in the league this year were : South Side, Leo, Calumet, Thomas Aquinas and Madonna ; West Side, Damen, Hennepin, Marquette, Feehan, LaFayette, O'Connell and Commercial. 544 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Joseph A. Regan furnished this bit of sporting news. "Jupiter Pluvius or some other obsolete pagan deity took possession of the baseball fields again last Saturday and where diamonds should have sparkled (beg pardon), lakes, rivulets and marshland sullenly de- fied, the meaning of which was there was too much rain for baseball, and tiie game had to be postponed. '•The teams were in action again by the week of June 28th, when the following line-up was reported: '•'South Side, Leo, Calumet, Madonna, Aquinas, De LaSalle and En- ■^^H ^^H ^^^^B^ ^^^^^H ■| ■ II^Hi^Ri ' vK ■H H Am. F ^^^^^s^^^i w^S" ^J ^L^,(^;#.,, V ^c* ^&^^^H -.■>■* ^4333 ^s DANIEL O'CONNELL COUNCIL INDOOR TEAM glewood. West Side, Hennepin, Marquette, Damen, Daniel O'Connell, Peehan, LaFayette, De Soto and Commercial. "12 As the season progressed, the versatile reporter states : "The league is in a flourishing condition, and rivalry is unabated. Out south Leo, with a clean percentage, still maintains its lead. Both Madonna and Thomas Aquinas have placed the ' champeens ' in danger, and Calumet needs but to get even, and the contest for pennant honors will be one worth watching. Calumet is strong and always in the game, continually adding strength to its splendid team. "Over west, Hennepin with good stick work and excellent pitching maintains 1,000 per cent record. Close behind are DeSoto and Damen, 12. Several members were frequent reporters and contributors. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 545 either qualified to give the leaders a hot fight. The next few games in both league divisions will be decisive. Marquette is in good form. Heavy at the bat, but a trifle slow at the bases, accounts for its victories and defeats. O'Connel plays in hard luck. The team is strong and plays with energy and determination. ' ' The scribe then tells us : "This is the third year of the League's existence, and the oflScers are confident of a successful season. The first year results were such that the State Deputy of Illinois, recognizing the spirit induced, presented a pennant which now graces the halls of Feehan Council. The second year Leo XIII won not only the State Deputy pennant but another banner presented by Mr. Harry Gibbons, "i 3 The league officers for 1907 were President Edward W. Rew, Secretary John J. Morgan, Treasurer John Conroy. In the season of 1908, Joseph A. Regan was President of the league, and E. L. McGarry was Second Vice President. During that season the following clubs were members of the league : Northwest Division, Barry, Commercial, Damen, Hen- nepin, Lafayette, Daniel 'Council, De Soto and Marquette ; South Division: Calumet, Madonna, De LaSalle, Thomas Aquinas, St. Cyr and Americus.^* The pennant for the season of 1908 was won by Calumet Council. At the beginning of the season of 1909, Joseph F. Brown of Hennepin Council was elected President of the league, M. J. Howlett was elected Vice-President, and J. T. Reed was elected Secretary. The league started out with twelve teams, divided into divisions— North and South. The North Division com- prised Damen, Marquette, Americus, St. Cyr Day and Brown- son Councils ; the South Division included Calumet, Madonna, Thomas Aquinas, Daniel Dowling, Archbishop McHale and De Soto, the latter agreeing to play in the South Division.^"^ 13. See above. 14. Columbian. 15. See Golumhian. 546 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS George W. McGurn entered the field as correspondent and sporting editor in the season of 1909.^'^ The pennant winner for 1909 was Damen CounciL The attitude of the membership toward baseball was ex- pressed in an editorial in the Columbian, as follows : ' ' The Ameiicau people surely have a high and enthusiastic regard for Base Ball. Some few years ago the Knights of Columbus felt the CHARLES CARROLL COUNCIL TEAM need and demand for outdoor sport made by the younger members of the organization. In consequence there sprung up in councils in towns and cities Base Ball Clubs prepared by such training as it was pos- sible for the members of the teams to obtain under the varying cir- cumstances. In the larger cities the teams associated themselves in leagues and played a series of contests with one another for the honor of supremacy. Today in St. Louis and Chicago, as well as other cities, these leagues continue to furnish amusement wholesomely bene- ficial to many of the Order's fold. "We have observed the games played in Chicago closely and we are pleased to state that the young men representing the councils 16. Columbian. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 547 have conducted themselves in a manner consistent with their duties as Knights of Columbus. We believe that they should be encouraged and that the Knights of Columbus Base Ball League should receive the support of the membership. As an inducement it has genuine attrac- tiveness to Catholic young men upon whom the Order in large meas- ure must rest its hopes for the future. "To the younger men within the Order it furnishes an opportunity to enjoy an athletic diversion on the one holiday of the week out in the open, but within the refining influence of the Knights of Colum- bus. "i7 The pennant for 1909 was awarded to Damen Council at Chapter headquarters on the evening of October 18, 1909, and arrangements made for the banquet to follow. At the conclusion of the season the correspondent was able to say : ' ' We have had a very successful year. No dis- putes to speak of have arisen and everything has been peace- ful. Next year we will start out stronger than ever, and we hope to increase the number of clubs. Councils not rep- resented this year are urged to start next year. It is the best amusement you can oifer to brothers during the summer inonths.^'^ ' ' The annual banquet of the Kuights of Columbus Base Ball League was held on Saturday week last, at the Shamrock Room in the Boston Oyster House. All the delegates from the various councils were pres- ent and many tributes were paid to the retiring officers. Music was interspersed between the speeches and the evening was enjoyed by all. The worthy president, Brother Brown, submitted a report re- viewing the work of the different teams during the past year and complimenting the players upon their conduct on the field. After the banquet it was decided to go into business session when the officers for the year 1910 were elected, the following brothers being honored with office: "President, Jos. Brown, re-elected; first vice-president, Ted Eei- nert of Madonna Council; second vice-president, Thos. J. Madden of Damen Council; secretary, C. McManaman of Madonna Council; treas- urer, Wm. Davy of St. Cyr Day Council. Committees will be ap- 17. Columhian. IS. Columhian. 548 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS pointed by the newly elected of3Q.eers and the season will start very early next spring, "is In 1910 there were eighteen teams in the Cook County Knights of Columbus League, several of which developed considerable strength, but toward the end the contest for supremacy lay between Commodore Barry and Leo XIII, and in the final conflict Leo XIII won the pennant.^" In 1911 twenty-two teams composed the league. Francis McDERMOTT BROTHERS, ATHLETES F. O. McDermott, member of I. A. C. Swimming and Water Polo Team, enlisted in the war service in April, 1917, aeronautical branch, of Navy, served in France for more than a year. Gerard McDermott, expert swimmer; Gerald McDermott, expert swimmer. J. Houlihan was President of the League, and a very active season was enjoyed. During this year a dispute of consider- able importance arose between the teams of Leo XIII and Daniel Dowling Councils, which was referred for settlement to AVilliam N. Brown and LeRoy Hackett. The matter was contested to a conclusion, and an able opinion was rendered by the committee on protest. Americus and Commodore Barry were the final contenders for the pennant, but Com- modore Barry won.-^ In 1912 twenty-three councils constituted the league. General James Shields and Archbishop McHale were the 19. Golumhian. 20. Columbian. 21. ColumMan. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 549 teams finally pitted against each other for the championship, and Archbishop McHale won. In 1913 there were thirty clubs in the league and Damen and Archbishop McHale contested for the pennant, which was won by Damen. In 1914 thirty-five clubs were in the league, and the final contest for the championship was between Charles Carroll and University Councils. Charles Corroll won. In 1915 there were twenty-two councils in the league. Santa Maria and Charles Carroll contended for the cham- pionship at the end of the season, and Santa Maria won. In 1916 there were thirty-one teams in the league. Charles Carroll and Father Perez fought for the champion- ship, and Perez won. In 1917 there were thirty-three teams in the league. Father Perez and Americus Councils contended for the pen- nant, and Father Perez won. In 1918, the game was suspended on account of the play- ers practically all joining the colors. During the years 1918 and 1919 most of the councils joined with the Order in gen- eral furnishing baseball outfits to the boys in the service. During the season of 1919, ball-playing was resumed, and the teams gradually got back into the work again. The team from Father Perez Council was especially active, win- ning high honors in the amateur baseball world. The Lit- zinger trophy was carried off by Father Perez. In an indi- vidual contest for final honors Father Perez and University Councils crossed bats, and Father Perez won. In 1920 there were thirty-six teams in the league. The team from Leo XIII forged to the front again, as did also Father Perez, and in the final contest between these two splendid baseball aggregations Perez. won, thus for the fourth time becoming a pennant winner. In 1921 the main league comprised thirty-six teams, while a new league, known as the Knights of Columbus Suburban 550 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS League was organized, and composed of teams from Santa Maria, Whiting, San Salvador, Unity, Garcia Moreno, Blue Island and Chicago Heights. In the exchange of compli- ments between the several teams in the main league Father Perez again won the championship. OTHER ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES As early as 1912 the councils began to branch out into other athletic activities, and first several bowling leagues were organized ; then came basket ball, indoor baseball, and finally golf. The story of all these athletic activities is too intricate and involved for an ordinary layman to write and for mere lay readers to comprehend. Suffice to say that in each of these several athletic fields some men of unusual merit and ability have developed, and the accounts of big athletic meets and tournaments published in the public press, in which Knights of Columbus teams and individual contenders hold conspicuous places, are abundant evidence that the Knights of Columbus athletic field is an important one. The various athletic organizations of the Knights of Co- lumbus have held many field days, tournaments and meets of various kinds and scored numerous successes in this field. Perhaps no action of the membership in the State has attracted more favorable attention and comment than the great athletic meet of August 28, 1920, held at Stagg field, University of Chicago. This meet was won for the Knights of Columbus by Sen- ator and later Clerk of the Appellate Court, Francis P. Brady, Chairman of the Athletic Committee of the Chicago Chapter, and placed the Knights of Columbus athletic forces in the foreground of public popularity. Besides several Knights of Columbus aggregations such organizations as the Chicago Athletic Association, the Illi- nois Athletic Association, the University of Chicago, North- INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 551 western University, University of Michigan, Belding Play- ground, Vilas Athletic Club, Chicago Hebrew Institute, Logan Square Athletic Club, Swedish American Athletic Club, Western Electric and many unattached athletes partici- pated. There was also a great wrestling match between the fa- COMMODORE BARRY INDOOR TEAM mous Zybyszko and Paul Alvarez, resulting in an easy victory for the former.-- It should be noted that sports and athletics, especially baseball, have been popular in Knights of Columbus circles in all parts of the state, as well as in Chicago, but it may be doubted if the councils outside of Chicago generally have made as much of athletics and especially of interchange be- 22. Columbian. 552 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS tween councils to the benefit of all councils, as might have, been the case. Any one who has given much attention to the war service will easily understand that there was indeed more than a distant relation between athletic training and meritorious war service. Even if the statement that the war was won in the vacant lots of American cities be not literally true, it is nevertheless a fact that the sturdy young men who applied themselves in the field of athletics acquitted themselves nobly in the war service. NOTES ON ATHLETICS The point of merit which athletics had reached in 1914 is indicated by a statement of the then State Deputy William N. Brown, who said: "The success of the Knights of Columbus Base Ball League — the greatest fraternal league in the world — as well as the unvarying suc- cesses of the bowling and indoor leagues, cannot be other than gratify- ing to all of us who enjoy clean, healthy, manly sport. "23 The Knights of Columbus in Chicago gave "Babe" Ruth and the boys' band from St. Mary's Industrial School at Baltimore a welcome reception during the latter part of September 1920. Three evenings were devoted to the recep- tion. The first evening the great ball player appeared at Damen and General James Shields Councils. On the next evening the celebration was held with Lafayette Council, and on the last day Ruth and the band were the guests of Father O'Connor Council and was later joined there by Chicago Chapter at St. Jarlath's Hall, where Ruth was pre- sented with a purse of $100.00. State Deputy and Supreme Director Edward Houlihan Avas present. Ruth made a talk in which he praised his train- ing at the Baltimore school and told of Brother Matthias, whom he introduced, and turned over to him the $100.00 23. Columbian, Oct. 9, 1914. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 553 which he had received from the Chapter. It was stated that the band which came into Chicago some $400.00 in debt on the expenses of the trip left with $4,000 to the good.-* Another notable event in Knights of Columbus athletic circles was the reception tendered "Johnny" Evers, manager DE SOTO COUNCIL, TEAM of the Cubs and "Pat" Moran, manager of the Cincinnati team at the National League Ball Park May 8, 1921. Members from every council in Cook County and from ad- jacent states swarmed the bleachers and filled every seat and point of vantage in the great park. 24. Columbian, May 13, 1921. 554 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Amid one grand exchange of felicitations and well wishes Thos. P. Flynn on behalf of the Knights assembled presented INIanager Evers with a magnificent silver service. Jerome J. Crowley made the presentation in tendering Pat Moran a beautiful gold mounted cane and gold mounted umbrella. The players representing the K. of C. Suburban League gave each of the popular managers a silver card case suitably in- scribed and the youthful fans bestowed huge bunches of roses on them. The crowd rose in their seats, hats and canes flew in the air, the ladies waved their handkerchiefs and for fully five minutes the great crowd applauded. Evers and Moran were literally taken off their feet and in responding assured the great assemblage of their great appreciation of the reception and promised them that their best efforts would be put forth during the present season to maintain the popu- larity of the tw^o great teams.^^ The athletic interests of the various councils have grown to large proportions and have elicited keen interest. The natural rivalry of contending teams, of course, developed various contentions. Not only that but there was a strong temptation to take any action that would enable the team to win. In consequence there was much confusion and no little dissatisfaction concerning the employment of professionals, the transferring from one council to another, the unfair pay- ment of good players to gain victories, and other practices that had a tendency to discredit the league or the members thereof. Accordingly, the matter of general regulation was taken up by the State Council under a resolution adopted at the 23rd annual convention at Champaign, May 12, 1920, which resolution reads as follows: ' ' Whereas, for a number of years last past there have been con- ducted throughout the State of Illinois a number of athletic contests and games by teams composed of members representing the Knights 25. Columbian. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 555 of Columbus; said games and contests having been conducted under the name and auspices of the Knights of Columbus, through and by the subordinate councils, and "Whereas, there has been a difference regarding the rules and regulations under which said athletic games and contests have been conducted; "Be It Resolved, That there be created a commission on athletics to be known as the Athletic Commission of the Knights of Columbus, in and for the State of Illinois, said commission to consist of three members of the Knights of Columbus of the State of Illinois, to be appointed by the State Deputy for a period of one year each from and after the passage and adoption of this resolution by the Knights of Columbus of the State of Illinois, in State Convention assembled and annually thereafter, or until their successors are appointed. This commission may be increased by the State Deputy by appointment of sub-committees of three members each. The duties of said com- mission shall be to promote the holding of athletic games and contests by and for the Knights of Columbus in the State of Illinois, and shall have and are hereby given authority to compile and enforce rules and regulations under which all athletic games or contests now planned or hereafter to be held within the State of Illinois shall be conducted; said rules and regulations not to be contrary to the con- stitution and by-laws of the Supreme Council of the Knights of Columbus, and subject to the approval of the State Deputy of the Knights of Columbus of the State of Illinois. The members of said commission are to serve without compensation of any kind for the services to be rendered by them. "26 Under this resolution an athletic commission was appointed consisting of Thomas D. Griffin, charman; Frank N. Wohl- leber, Secretary ; Wade J. Brady, Oliver J. Gibbs and Harr}^ P. Kenny. This committee formulated a set of rules, which was ap- proved by the State Deputy and the Supreme Board of Directors of the Order. These rules read as follows : 1. All organizations formed for the purpose of promoting athletics under the auspices of or in connection with the Knights of Columbus in the State of Illinois, shall secure the consent of the Commission before proceeding to operate. 26. Report of State Cenvention, 1920. 556 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 2. All rules and by-laws governing the conduct of athletic or- ganizations connected with the Knights of Columbus must have the approval of the Commission. 3. Copies of amendments^ alterations or changes of any kind, effecting rules and by-laws previously approved by the Commission must be filed with the Secretary of the Commission before adoption. 4. The Commission does not function in matters of a local nature, pertaining to the ordinary conduct of the various organizations. It THOMAS AQUINAS BASKET BALL TEAM. Pioneers in this field of K. C. sports is concerned only in questions involving the Good of the Order and to protect and safeguard the name of our Organization. 5. The Commission requires that all organizations playing under the auspices of the Knights of Columbus provide a rule that necessi- tates all contenders to be at least first degree members in good standing with their respective Councils. A rule will also be provided so that contenders in athletic contests will represent only that Council in INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 557 which they hold membership. Penalties will be prescribed for violation of these rules. 6. The Commission requires that all organizations provide a rule prohibiting members that join a Council by transfer from another Council from participating in athletics as a Council representative, until they have been members of the Council to which they transfer for at least one year previous to the date of the contest in which they are entered. The time shall be figured from the date of acceptance of transfer by the Council to which it is presented. This same rule will apply to members that withdraw and subsequently rejoin the Order. If application is made to a different Council than that from which the member received a withdrawal card the period shall com- mence as of the date the member is elected to the new Council. 7. The Commission has for its object the prevention of payments of initiation fees and dues for members as rewards for services rendered by athletes. Councils are expressly forbidden to pay athletic representatives for participating in contests. Any member of the Order having positive knowledge tha,t either of the above rules has been violated by any Council is at liberty to bring the matter before the Commission for appropriate action. 8. Whenever the eligibility of players is in doubt, interested parties can direct their inquiries to this body and after proper in- vestigation the Commission will render its decision. 9. If any Officer or member of a Council feels that the Council's interests have been sliglited or that an error has been committed bj' any of the Athletic Organizations in ruling against them on the question of eligibility, they may petition the Commission and this body will arrange for a rehearing and advise with the Officers and Directors of such organization to the end that all concerned may receive justice. 10. This Commission is also interested in seeing that applications from athletically inclined young men receive the same treatment as is prescribed in the Eules and Kcgulations of our Order and that they are shown no special favors. 11. The Commission is in favor of continuing and expanding all those organizations now in existence and which have done so much toward advertising the Order and its purpose is to help them in every possible way and at the same time protect the interests of the Order from those few who connect themselves with the Athletic Organizations for purposes of self advancement and commercialism. 27 27. Records of Commission. 558 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The report of the Athletic Commission made to the State Convention held at Galesburg, May 9, 1922, indicated decided improvements in the working of the athletic units under these rules and the commission was commended and ordered con- tinued. The Knights of Columbus Athletic activities in Illinois are destined to still greater popularity as the Order grows. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS ANNALS A number of very interesting incidents and events have occurred in Knights of Columbus circles in Illinois since the Order was established here which may appropriately be re- ferred to chronologically. One of these was a pilgrimage made to the Southland in 1908. Although this journey partook somewhat of the nature of a private enterprise, being largely managed by John F. Byrne, the first publisher of the Colunibian, it nevertheless was quite representative of the membership in that early day. The party consisted of 126 ladies and gentlemen. The journey was begun on Friday evening, February 28, 1908, and the party arrived at New Orleans at 4 :30 the following Sunday morning. After attending Mass the pilgrims were received in the beautiful headquarters of the Knights of Columbus in New Orleans, and were made welcome. The outing was timed with reference to the great Southern carni- val, known as the Mardi Gras, and several days were given up to the enjoyment of that great fete. On the return journey the travelers were feted and en- tertained by the Knights of Columbus of Mobile, Birmingham and Nashville. In recognition of the princely reception ac- corded them the pilgrims presented to the Knights of Colum- bus in each of those cities a magnificent silver loving cup ap- propriately engraved.-^ In 1908 a unique enterprise was undertaken by the Knights 28. Columbian, several issues of January, February and March. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 559 of Columbus of Philo, Illinois. About 35 members of Urbana and Danville councils lived in or near Philo, and an organiza- tion of these members was there effected. A hall owned by a stock company, composed of the members, was procured, and equipped with a billiard table, piano, card tables and other necessary furniture. Monthly meetings were held, at which CULUMBU.S (/DLNCIL BASKET BALL TEAM business was transacted, followed by a literary program,— a debate or some entertainment. Social meeting's, to which the ladies were invited, were held every two weeks, on Friday evening. A notable event in the history of the organization was the celebration of the Landing Day on October 12, 1908, which was attended by Knights of Columbus and their families and friends from Urbana, Danville and other points. Besides 560 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS able addresses on Columbus and other subjects relating to America, Rev. Jolm Rooney of Bainbridge, Ireland, made a notable address on "Our Holy Father." Rev. J. P. Barry, the Pastor at Philo for many years, was the leading spirit in this organization. Others who did much for the organization were J. A. Corbett, Chas. A. Daly, Theodore A. Thoma, M. J. McDermott and F. W. Clennon.-" A brilliant banquet and cotillion marked the opening of the magnificent $50,000 club house of Spalding Council at Peoria, December 15, 1909. At the banquet Rev. J. P. Quinn, Chaplain of the Council, was speaker of the day, and ad- dressed himself to the subject "The Spirit of Knighthood." The invocation was pronounced by Archbishop John Lan- caster Spalding, and Right Rev. Edmund M. Dunne, Bishop of Peoria, made a stirring address. Other speakers on the occasion were James Maher, State Deputy on the subject "The Purpose of Catholic Organizations"; Dr. A. J. Kane, .St. Louis, on "The Home Life of a Knight of Columbus"; Dr. Robert Emet Kane on "The Public Life of a Knight of Columbus " ; J. N. Tittemore on ' ' The Influence of a Knight ' ' ; Thomas F. Donovan on "The Ladies. "^° Right Rev. Edmund M. Dunne, Bishop of Peoria, in his address summarized the situation with regard to clubs as follows : "This magnificent club house reflects great credit on the local council responsible for its. erection. It is intended by its sponsors as a place where the members may indulge in innocent recreation. The attractions offered here will tend to keep them from frequenting other rendezvous where the amusement furnished is perhaps not altogether so harmless, but rather detrimental to right living. "It cannot be gainsaid that clubs become sometimes a curse instead of a blessing to the community in which they exist. They are often regarded as one of the greatest foes to family life. The club member who has only to press an electric button in order to have a waiter dance attendance to his every whim and caprice, usually 29. Columbian, Feb. 5, 1909, pp. 1, 2. 30. Columhian, Dec. 17, 1909, p. 8. ... INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 561 develops into a very egotistic, selfish, intolerable nuisance at home, that is, if he ever finds sufficient time to remain home long enough to become acquainted with his family. Then again there is the danger for some in the average club of falling victims to gambling, carousing and various forms of dissipation. It also happens that excesses are occasionally permitted in so-called aristocratic clubs, which if the ordinary levee saloonkeeper should tolerate in his barroom he might run the risk of having his license revoked. Now that you are starting out on a new career of club life in your attractive quarters, I simply mention incidentally a few of the possible dangers against which you must zealously guard, if as an organization you really desire to be a success. After all an ounce of prevention is worth more than a pound of cure. "My advice to the board of directors is to see that the house rules are accurately observed. Whatever entertainments you give let them be of a refined and elevating character and beyond the shadow of reproach. Keep a vigilant eye over the reading room so that the library shelves be not encumbered with pernicious literature that might tend to the demoralization of the members. You have any number of literary clergymen in your council. I would therefore sug- gest that you place at least one of them on the reading room committee. You are all supposed to be loyal members of the Holy Mother Church. Set therefore an example by a faithful observance of her precepts, avoiding all public festivities in the line of dancing, card parties and receptions during Advent and Lent, which are seasons of penance and mortification. Do not tolerate any loitering or lounging about the club rooms Sunday mornings when all good members are expected to be assisting at Mass. Just carry out these few practical hints and I haven't the slightest doubt but that you will gain the esteem and support of the clergy as well as the laity, and that your influence for good in this community will be simply immeasurable. "3i Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt was a guest and the principal speaker at the Landing Day banquet at Peoria, October 12, 1910.^^ The Knights of Columbus worked very hard for the estab- lishment of a state park at Starved Rock, and when the law was finally passed authorizing such a park the Governor ap- 31. Columbian, Dec. 24, 1909. pp. 8, 9. 32. OolumMan, Aug. 26, 1910, p. 1. 562 KNIGHTS OF, COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS pointed Rev. D, L. Crowe of Kewanee, as one of the three commissioners.^^ PRESIDENT TAFT AT PEORIA President William Howard Taft was a guest of Spalding Council at Peoria, October 6, 1911. The Taft meeting was described as follows: In the place of honor in the center of the stage sat President Taft, beaming and benignant ; on his left sat Archbishop Spalding. On the President's riglit hand sat Right Rev. Edmund M. Dunne, Bishop of Peoria. In the balconies were at least 1,000 spectators. In the gather- ing were leading politicians from every part of the state, representative business men of Peoria and other cities, and the assemblage was in every respect notable and brilliant. Tlie invocation was spoken by Archbishop Spalding. Archbishop John J. Glennon of St. Louis, delivered a very pleasing ad- dress ; then came President Taft. In the course of his address the President dwelt upon the difficulties which Columbus overcame. He also spoke feelingly of the other able navigators who followed Columbus. Branch- ing off into other thoughts on the Catholic Church, President Taft gave some of his experiences in the Philippine Islands, and expressed appreciation of the influence that the Church had had, both in the Philippines and in Cuba. Summing up this great meeting a correspondent stated "The members of Spalding Council have another shining triumph to their credit, and Peoria has added another memorable banquet to her list. "3* ILLINOIS KNIGHTS AT UNVEILING OF COLUMBUS STATUE IN WASHINGTON A very notable event in the history of the Knights of Columbus was the erection of a statue of Columbus in "Wash- ington, D. C. Through the efforts of Congressman James T. 33. ColumUan, Sept. 15, 1911, p. 2. 34. Columbian, Oct. 13, 1911, p. 1. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 563 McCleary of Minnesota, supported and seconded by the Knights of Columbus throughout the country Congress made an appropriation of $100,000 for a statue to commemorate Christopher Columbus, the Discoverer of America. This great memorial was designed by Lorado Taft and is one of the finest pieces of sculpture in the world. It stands on MONUMENT TO CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Union Station Plaza, Washington, D. C. the Union Station Plaza, and is the most conspicuous object in Washington. Interest in this undertaking culminated in the unveiling ceremonies, on June 8, 1912, and we are fortunate in having a first hand account of this great event, written by a distin- guished Illinois member of the order, and detailing particu- larly the part played in it by Illinois members. So much to the point is this account that we reproduce it in full : "The unveiling of the statue of Columbus in Washington on June 8 was not only a notable event in tlie history of this country — it was much more. It was probably the most notable unveiling ever held. 564 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS for it reflected the greatest gathering ever witnessed of prominent men from all parts of the country. In its relation to the general public its attitude and accomplish- ment will rank with those of any of the great gatherings of America. Its significance is not only impressive but will be lasting, because it originates in the patriotism of our citizens. Space does not permit of a detailed history of the event, but much can be said with respect to the pleasant journey to and from Washing- ton. I will therefore restrict my account to this phase. On the afternoon of June 6, six hundred members of the Knights of Columbus from Illinois, accompanied by their friends, wives and sweet- hearts, left Chicago for the capital city. Through the foresight of the committee in charge a most agreeable entertainment was provided en route, the observation car being the stage for much local talent. The next day the party arrived at Wash- ington, where they were met by Captain Edward H. White and other members of the committee, who had preceded them to Washington and made arrangements for their accommodations. A tour was made of the prominent government buildings, including the Supreme Court, House of Eepresentatives, the Senate and Congressional Library, and after dinner a tour of the City of Washington was made in automobiles. At 8:30 in the beautiful and spacious ball room of the Ealeigh Hotel, the Knights and their ladies assembled and a presenta- tion of a beautiful silver service was made to Brother Thomas P. Flynn, Master of the Fourth Degree of the Northern District of Illinois. Saturday afternoon the party was again escorted to the White House, where in the celebrated east room each was presented to his excellency the President of the United States, William Howard Taft. After this reception much sight seeing was indulged in and nearly all of the historic places of the national capital were visited. As a mark of honor to the great Discoverer and as an expression of courtesy to the visiting Knights, the Congress of the United States adjourned at 2 p. m. At 3 'clock in the afternoon the unveiling ceremonies were begun with one of the largest parades ever witnessed in the national capital, even for the inauguration of a president. In the parade were represented Knights from every corner of the continent and from the peninsular possessions. The weather was ideal, the sky perfect, and the cool breezes tempered the heat. At the moment of unveiling the great statue the thoughts of a hundred million people were centered on the white piece of marble in the capital of the United States, and along the boulevards were gath- INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 565 ered hundreds of thousands, including people from all parts of the globe, while over 52,000 men marched in honor of the memory of the daring navigator. The army and navy of the United States assigned to the parade marched in column up Pennsylvania avenue, followed closely by the Fourth Degree Knights, presenting an appearance only equaled by the regular army preceding them. The Knights were led by Supreme Knight James A. Flaherty, as- sisted by supreme oflSeers and directors. Next in order came John H. Eeddin, Supreme Master, Fourth Degi'ee, who had for his staff all of the Vice Supreme Masters. Then followed in column the Fourth Degree and 40,000 Knights of the various councils throughout the nation. Brigadier General G. K. Evans of the U. S. Army was Grand Mar- shal of the entire parade, with Colonel Joseph Garrard in charge of the army contingent, while Captain Henry B. Wilson of the U. S. Navy commanded the navy delegation. The solemn unveiling of the Columbus memorial was presided over by the Secretary of State, Philander C. Knox, and the principal ad- dresses were made by President Taft, Justice Victor J. Dowling of the New York Supreme Court, and James T. McCleary, father of the memorial bill before Congress. After the unveiling the rest of the afternoon was devoted to more sightseeing until 8 o'clock, when 1,500 Sir Knights and guests as- sembled in the convention hall for the grand banquet. At the same hour the serial play of salutes on the White House ellipse took place, and a grand reception was tendered the ladies by the local Knights of Columbus at the National Museum, and more than twenty thousand visitors filed into the building. A symphony orchestra played popular airs. At 8:30 to 9:30 p. m., a grand display of set pieces and fireworks took place near the White House. At 9:30 to 10:30 a grand illumination of the city took place, and decorated automobiles paraded Pennsylvania avenue and the boulevards. Sunday, 9 a. m., June 9, the Fourth Degree Knights formed in col- umn behind the band of the Fourth Degree, Northern District of Illi- nois, led by the local camps of the United Spanish war veterans and the United States Marine Band, acted as honorary escort to his eminence Cardinal Gibbons and marched to the White House where at the base of Washington's monument, took place the grand military memorial mass for the deceased soldiers and sailors of the Spanish war. His eminence Cardinal Gibbons and Mgr. John Bonzano, the papal delegate to the United States, assumed important roles while Mgr. James T. Kussell had charge of the arrangements and delivered the memorial ser- 566 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS mon, which was excellent in its simplicity and fervent patriotism. In addition to the Marine Band the full orchestra of St. Patrick's Church rendered the music for the chants of the Mass. A more beau- tiful siglit it is impossible to imagine. The entire congregation at the conclusion of the Mass sang, 'Holy God, We Praise Thy Name,' and 'America,' led by the entire Marine Band. Illinois was especially fortunate in having a man like John J. Fox of Americus Council, who stood six feet eight inches in his stocking feet, as the color bearer for the national flag in both parades and Brother Fox received the thanks of the vast multitude assembled for the brilliant manner in which he performed his duty and 'dipped the colors' to the President. In the afternoon visits were made to the State, War and Navy de- partments, U. S. Treasury, the navy yards at the foot of Eighth street. East Washington Barracks and the Corcoran Art Gallery. A large pil- grimage visited Arlington cemetery, where the monument of the late Admiral Coghlan was dedicated under the auspices of the United Spanish War Veterans. Monday, June 10, the visiting pilgrimage left Washington and after visiting Mount Vernon and with appropriate ceremonies decorated Washington's tomb, sailed down the Potomac Eiver, and the Chesa- peak Bay to Hampton Koads visiting Old Point Comfort and Fortress Monroe. The party then took sea and sailed down the Atlantic to New York. After seeing New York the trip up the Hudson was made, next New York was crossed to Buffalo where Niagara Falls was visited after which the pilgrims were soon upon their native heath. Thus ended Illinois' participation in the great event. It was a royal pilgrimage to a hero 's shrine, where Columbus was present in spirit and each worshipper of his genius there to do justice to his memory. Could the Genoese have spanned the time from his day to ours he would have realized the fulfillment of things then undreamt. The mar- ble reared to his genius and courage, is but a fitting expression of posterity's love. That such concrete acknowledgement should shape itself in our day is most fortunate, for it favors us sons and Knights of Columbus with the opportunity to show to the world our appreciation of the great navigator. It is a world event to be chronicled for all time in the history of our own country. It links us with the day the little caravel pointed westward under the command of the resolute mariner. It brings his courage, his feelings, his inspirations, his achievements to us. Our homage, our honor, our glory is his.'""* 35. John W. Ramey in Columhian, June 21, 1912, pp. 1, 2. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 567 On Sunday, August 30, 1913, a cross was raised to the memory of the early Catholic missionary priests at a point known as Kaskaskia Mound, located about two miles west of Starved Rock in La Salle County, Illinois, and on August 31st, on the occasion of the dedication of Starved Rock as a state park Most Rev. Archbishop John J. Glennon, D. D., of St. Louis, delivered the dedicatory address, and on Monday, September 1, 1913, three Catholic schools were dedicated in the city of Ottawa by the Most Rev. John Bonzano, apostolic delegate to the United States. For these ceremonies an invitation was extended by Starved Rock Council No. 634 of Ottawa to the members of the Fourth Degree throughout the state to act as escort of honor to the apostolic delegate and to all Knights of Colum- bus in the state to attend the exercises. In accordance with the invitation, approved by the State Council, the Fourth Degree under Master Thomas P. Flynn, in full regalia, accompanied the apostolic delegate from Chi- cago to Ottawa, and at each of the three events an immense concourse of Knights assembled from all parts of the state constituting one of the most notable gatherings held in the state to that time.^*' Landing Day 1913 was celebrated by the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. President Alton B. James of the University of Illinois, was the principal orator of the day at the banquet. Rev. W. E. Frawley of Champaign and E. G. Rennick and W. J. Dolan of Peoria also made addresses.^' The celebration of the Golden Jubilee of Most Rev. John Lancaster Spalding of Peoria was substituted by the Knights of Columbus of Peoria for the regular Landing Day, Octo- ber 12, 1913 celebration. A banquet was served in the Coli- seum, which marked a great demonstration of respect for the renowned churchman. S'l. Columbian, Aug. 22, 1913, p. 1. 37. Columhian, Oct. 17, 1913. 568 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Rev. Francis J. O'Reilly of Danville was toastmaster. He introduced in the following order: Hon. James B. Mc- Creary, governor of Kentucky; Rt. Rev. Peter J. Muldoon, bishop of Rockf ord ; Dr. Frank Billings, Chicago ; Hon. John S. Leahy of St. Louis ; Rev Charles 'Donnell, of Notre Dame University; Dr. John G. Coyle, of New York and Rt. Rev. Msgr. Thomas J. Shahan, of Washington, D. C.^^ POPULAR LECTURES In 1913, Brownson, De Soto and Ravenswood councils of the Knights of Columbus banded together to give their mem- bers and friends a series of instructive lectures dealing with the live issues of the day. Men famed for their deep research and oratorical ability were engaged to deliver these lectures, and the efforts of the committee in charge were crowned with gratifying success. The following is a list of the lectures and their subjects : On February 9th, the Rev. Frederic Siedenburg, S.J., dis- coursed on the ' ' Social Problems of Today. ' ' On February 23, the Hon. Michael F. Girten spoke on "Socialism and the State." On March 9, the Rev. Wm. A. Murphy, D.D., lectured on "Socialism and the Workingman." On March 25, Arnold D. McMahon, A.M., L.L.B., discussed ' ' Socialism and Christianity. ' ' On April 9, L. Frederic Happel, A.B., gave an illustrated lecture on ' ' Child Labor. ' ' On April 23, the Hon. Quin O'Brien treated of "Education and Social Reform." In connection with the lectures a musical program was furnished, consisting of excellent talent, thereby assuring all of not only an instructive evening but a pleasant one as well.^^ Early in February, 1914, seven West Side councils launched a joint lecture course. The councils represented were 38. Columbian, Dec. 12, 1913, p. 1. 39. Columbian, Jan. 31, 1913, p. 1. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 569 Damen, Hughes, General Sherman, Charles Carroll, Hennepin, General James Shields and Feehan. The lectures were under the general supervision of Rev. Frederic Seidenburg, S.J., and were given during the months of March and April, 1914.-"' On November 9, 1914, Aurora Council, No. 736, dedicated a magnificent club house. The exercises were plain but im- pressive, the principal speaker being Representative, after- wards United States District Attorney, Charles F. Clyne. A notable feature of this club house is the Council Cham- ber, which besides being commodious and convenient is deco- rated with large frescoes representing the sailing and landing of Columbus. The club house is located upon one of the principal business streets of the city, and has been a source of great satisfaction to the Knights of Columbus of Aurora." In 1915, the Knights of Columbus of Ottawa, Peoria, Streator and other adjacent towns arranged for the holding of a joint outing at Glen Park, commencing Sunday, July 11, and lasting for one week. All Knights of Columbus and their ladies were invited to take part and the invitation was gen- erously responded to. The outing opened with Mass in the Glen at the hour of 11 o'clock a. m., with the V. Rev. Francis J. Reilly, Vicar General of Peoria, celebrating, and with the Rev. Dean John Quinu of Ottawa addressing the assembled Knights and their ladies. A special train left Streator at 9 a 'clock Sunday morn- ing, July 11, and another left Ottawa at 9 :45, making con- Knights and their ladies from these and adjoining cities.*^ nections with the train from Peoria which conveyed the David Goldstein, perhaps the best informed man on Social- ism as taught and practiced throughout the world, lectured in Chicago under the auspices of several different councils: 40. Columbian, January and Fobiuary, 1914. 41. GolutnMan, January 9, 1914, p. 3. 42. Columbian, June S5, 1915, p. I. 570 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS On March 9, 1917, before Lafayette Council ; March 11, Calu- met Council; March 12, De Soto Council; March 13, Com- modore Barry Council ; March 16, St. Philip Neri Council. These lectures were very largely attended, and, being re- peated all over the United States, had a very favorable effect.*^ ILLINOIS STATE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Perhaps no public demonstration under the auspices of the Knights of Columbus was of greater interest than the observance of the State Centennial at Springfield, 111., on Sunday, October 6, 1918. The program on that occasion was opened by a parade of the Knights of Columbus and Catholic societies of Springfield, in which 2,000 persons participated. Directing their course to the grounds of the Sacred Heart Convent in West Spring- field, the marchers joined the throng in attendance at tlie outdoor field Mass. A great altar of very attractive architecture had been constructed on grounds of the convent, and upon the amphi- theater seats on either side young girls in red, white and blue costume were placed in representation of flags, the American flag on one side and the State Centennial flag on the other. Right Rev. Msgr. Timothy Hickey, Vicar General of the diocese, was celebrant of the Solemn High Mass, the Rev. L. Hulfker deacon. Rev. T. Smith sub-deacon, and Rev. George Kenney master of ceremonies. Rev. John W. Cummings of Ohio, 111., directed the choir of 150 voices, which sang to the accompaniment of a large orchestra under the direction of Mr. John Taylor of Springfield. Governor and Mrs. Frank 0. Lowden, together with a large number of state officials and guests of honor, were seated on a platform adjoining the altar. Lord Charnwood of London, England, and Robert Douglass, nephew of Stephen A. Doug- lass, and other distinguished visitors were present. 43. Columbian, March 2, 1917, p. 1, 572 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS In the evening a banquet was served at the St. Nicholas Hotel to 500 guests, at which the principal speakers were Rev. Frederic Siedenburg, S.J., Hon. John P. McGoorty, Chief Jus- tice of the Circuit Court of Cook County; Rt. Rev. Msgr. Daniel J. Riordon of Chicago, Robert Douglass, Lord Charn- wood, Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber, Librarian State Historical Library ; Otto L. Schmidt, President of the Illinois Centennial Commission, and Hon. James M. Graham, of Springfield. This was conceded the most satisfactory celebration of the Centennial that took place during the Centennial year. The committee in charge of the celebration included Rt. Rev. Msgr. Timothy Hickey, James M. Graham, Chairman ; Thomas E. Bland, Thomas J. Condon, Wm. Henry Conway, Mary Delmore, T. P. Donelan, M. Marguerite Golden, Anna Lawless, Martin Maurer, G. J. Staab, Mrs. W. D. Stewart, Mrs. Alice E. Tilley, Helen Troesch, and Theresa Gorman, Secretary. The Daughters of Isabella co-operated with the Knights of Columbus in this great celebration.^^ MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES Many enterprises not directly connected with the Knights of Columbus have been approved and encouraged as, for ex- ample : All Knights of Columbus were urged to work in their own parishes for the success of the Rosary College campaign by State Deputy Edward Houlihan in an address before the Chicago Chapter, February 9, 1920. In his address the State Deputy dwelt upon the purpose and value of Rosary College for women. He urged them to fulfill the pledges of support which had been made to His Grace, Most Rev. George William Mundelein. The Knights of Columbus also were represented on the committees of workers for the Rosary College drive and at- tained gratifying results.*^ 44. ColumUan, Oct. 11, 1918, p. 6. 45. ColumMan, Feb. 13, 1920, p. 1. INCIDENTAL AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 573 A committee with Frank J. Enright, of Father O'Connor Council, as chairman, was appointed by the Chicago Chapter to centralize subscriptions for the Chicago drive for funds to promote the work of the Franciscan Fathers, which the Knights of Columbus, through the State Council, Chicago Chapter and numerous local councils endorsed and assisted.*" State Deputy Edward Houlihan published the appeal of the Supreme Officers of the Order for Irish relief. In the course of his address he said : "The Knights of Columbus are ever prompt to respond to appeals for succor for the afflicted. With this knowledge we ask each council of the order to take up this appeal of the people of Ireland; to vote money from its treasury; to canvass its members. Millions are needed and needed at once to accomplish this great work of mercy. Your money gift can be immediately translated into aid.*^ The Knights of Columbus in all its branches forwarded as much as possible the Irish cause. An instance of their assistance had to do with arranging for a meeting for Miss Mary MacSwiney, the sister of the martyred Lord Mayor of Cork, at which that gifted woman was given an opportunity of telling her story and making her plea for recognition of the Irish Republic before several hundred nuns at the Chicago Chapter meeting hall on Sunday evening, February 7, 1921.*^ The State Council and all subordinate councils partici- pate and co-operate in the annual drive for funds of the As- sociated Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Chicago. The State Deputy has on the approach of the campaign for funds appealed to the councils and members to contribute liberally and join in the work of raising the necessary funds for the Archdiocesau charities and the Columbian has provided for fullest publicity.*® 46. Columhian, Feb. 18, 1921, p. 1. 47. Columbian, March 18. 1921. 48. Columbian, Feb. 11, 1921, p. 1. ... 49. The annual drive for funds for the Associated Catholic Chanties Is conducted by a parish organization in each parish. CHAPTER XIV WAR — RESPONDING TO THE CALL THE ROLL OF HONOR Neither the envious nor biased can ever charge the Knights of Columbus with hesitation or vacillation when the country was threatened with war. No sooner had congress, at the call of the President declared a state of war to exist between Germany and the United States and war preparations begun, than the Supreme Officers tendered the services of the Order to assist at home and abroad, in camp and field, wherever faithful service was needed. In making such tender the Supreme Officers but voiced the sentiments of the membership throughout the jvirisdiction. Indeed, so far as Illinois was concerned (and no superiority is claimed for this state above any other in this regard), the Order was, so to speak, on the anxious seat waiting for a definite pronouncement, and as early as July 7, 1915, the Chicago Chapter, on the motion of delegate Patrick H. Dillon of Nazareth Council, voted unanimously to wire President Wilson, assuring him of loyalty and support, and in com- mendation of his policies with respect to the war. In reply the President wired Louis J. Behan, President of the Chapter, as follows : Cornish, N. H., July 9, 1915. My dear Mr. Behan: I am in receipt of your telegram of July 8th., acquainting me with the very generous action of the Chicago Chapter, Knights of Columbus, representing sixty councils of the Order in Cliicago and Cook and DuPage Counties, and beg that you will convey to the members when you have the opportunity my very deep and sincere appreciation. Cordially and sincerely yours, (signed) Woodrow Wilson.i 1. Chapter Records; Columbian, July 16, 1915, p. 4. 574 WAK^THE ROLL OF HONOR 575 As the final breach approached the Chicago Chapter again on February 8, 1917, addressed the President as follows : Hon. Woodrow Wilson, White House, Washington, D. C: At a meeting of the Chicago Chapter, representing 25,000 Knights of Columbus in Cook County, the undersigned committee was instructed to advise the President of the United States of our unqualified approval of any action that he may find necessary to take to preserve the honor of our country and our flag. Signed: A. J. De St. Aubin, Jos. J. Fischer, F. J. Enright, George F. Mulligan, Peter P. Kransz, A. L. Fik, William N. Brown, C. N. Bartodzeij, Harry Gerardin, LeEoy Hackett, John T. Lillis, President. The president acknowledged the message as follows : The White House, Washington. Mr. John T. LUlis, President, Chicago Chapter, Knights of Columbus, Chicago, 111. : The President is very grateful for the generous message of con- fidence and approbation which you sent him, and he wishes to express his genuine appreciation of your support. Joseph P. Tumulty, Secretary to the President. 2 The State Convention of the Illinois State Council was called to order at Danville, Illinois, May 11, 1917, and the very first business transacted consisted of instructions to send a message to the President of the United States, as follows: To the President: The Illinois State Council of the Knights of Columbus, composed of delegates from the 144 councils of the Order in this state, meeting in annual session in Danville today, immediately upon assembling, unani- mously and by a rising vote, adopted the following resolution: Be it Eesolved, That this State Council tender to the President of the United States the loyalty and unflinching support of its 44,000 members and pledges effective co-operation in the field, on the farm, in every capacity of business and professional life, to the end, that 2. Chapter Records; Columbian, Feb. 16, 1917, p. 1. 576 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the sublime principles of liberty and humanity upon which this republic is founded may survive. James Donahoe, George F. Mulligan, William N. Brown (Chairman) .3 A few days after a state of war was declared the Colum- bian, the official organ of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois published the following editorial : By official declaration of Congress we are in a state of war with Germany. Do all we might we could not keep out of the world conflict. The President persisted in peace efforts until he was openly accused of cowardice. To the great credit of Mr. Wilson it seems it may truthfully be said that he remained uninfluenced by irresponsible clamor, criticism or denunciation. He was in the end, however, forced to the conclusion that we must defend ourselves. It is plain from his message that he hopes our entrance into the war will be the means of bringing the horrible scourge to a close. Mr. WUson has made our position plain, that we have no quarrel with the German people, that we have no selfish end in view, but that we do desire peace. Our entrance into the war has created quite a difficult situation for many of our citizens. So long as the fight was between different foreign powers everybody was free to champion either side and blood strains generally determined the preference. The English, French and others were for the Allies, while the Germans and Austrians were for the central powers. Of course more or less heat generated with reference to the matter and necessarily some enmity. With the United States a party, the whole face of the situation is changed; whereas, but last week it was wholly unobjectionable to praise and sustain Germany and Austria; now it is highly improper. The slow, steadfast German finds it difficult suddenly to adjust himself to this change and can scarce refrain from acting and talking as he did but a short time ago. Even more he feels hurt that the United States has taken sides against his favorite and is sorely beset to keep from breaking out in denunciation, and sometimes he doesn't succeed in controlling himself. We think, our fellow citizens, not of German extraction or leanings, should be patient with our fellow citizens of German extraction. 3. Proceedings, State Convention, 1917. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 577 And we think our fellow citizens of German extraction are under- going the supreme test. They must take the American position. As between countries other than America there is a free choice open, but as between America and any other country there is but the right to choose America and stand faithfully by America. German citizens, their children and their children's children are going to be judged, rightly or wrongly by the attitude they shall now "1?^=^ ^■r:::j~^ j.^ '',>u -.W-' -■--<'■- ■^"^'^lt"#.-;::^#^ '-'S. " ;■ |aJiSj^-j^'- "— ^ fm^ WFsrmmmi^a^mi^mm^ ^. " . ; '■.<-' ^^^''.^^ ^ . S^P^^^MIlflfli P^iP^'^°*^*=''='^^^ls,IS^\i^| '"T*^^^ .' \ --'; ^ -J^i"^ . " ^.5 A-vt>:;f-r-- ~jI - ■''*^ .>0^^!^r^^js,-». v' ^IH HJ^^iilBe Chateau Thierry Where Many Knights of Columbus from Illinois Fought. assume. There is no possible compromise course. They can not be part for America and part for Germany. They, like all citizens, must be for America alone.* Of course the most important and valuable response that the Knights of Columbus or others could make to the war call was enlistment. No labored argument is needed to prove that the Knights of Columbus in Illinois, and, indeed, through- out the country, embraced service promptly and in creditable 4. Columbian, April 13, 1917, p. 3. 578 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS proportions. The government reports liave established the fact that that element of the population frequently alluded to as Irish held decidedly the best record for voluntary enlist- ment.'"' It is well known of course that the Knights of Colum- bus is made up very largely of men of Irish birth or ancestry. In addition to this it was clearly demonstrated upon the physical examination that a higher percentage of the Catholic young men were free from disabilities and disqualifying phys- ical defects than others. As a result of such study as is possible under the circumstances the general opinion prevalent amongst those who are best informed has settled upon about 35 per cent as the proportion of Catholics to the total number in every kind of war service,*' a total of 1,400,000 Catholics. The Catholic population is nowhere shown as more than fourteen million at that time, hence one out of every ten Catholics, men women and children considered was in the service. Taking the round numbers of the total enlistment of four million it appears that one in every twenty-five of the population of one hundred million entered the service. At the time of enlistment there were less than four hundred thousand (392,406) Knights of Columbus in the United States, and from amongst them one hundred thousand entered the service.'^ Accordingly, one out of every four of the Knights of Columbus served their country, either in the army, the navy, the marine corps, aviation or some other regular war service. Glancing at the war record of Illinois we find that 351,153 men entered the war service, or one out of every 15 of the population of the state.** At that time the Knights of Colum- 5. See cui-i"! lit reports of Provost M.Trshall Crowder. 6. Newton C. Baker, Secretary of War; War Cyclopedia, (published under the direction of the Secretaries of State, War and Navy and George Creel) p. 145 ; speaking before the National Conference of Catholic Charities in Philadelphia, September 9, 1923, Secretary of the Navy, Denby, said : To Catholics the Marine Corps in which I served should be of special interest, since I found that more than forty-five per cent of its enlisted men were Catholics. (The New World) (Chicago) September 21, 1921, p. 1. 7. See names from councils reported in Knitjhts of Columbus in Peace and War, Vol. II. S. Report of Adjutant General, Illinois ; IlUnois in the World War, (States Publication Society) p. 14. WAK^THE ROLL OF HONOR 579 bus had a membership in Illinois of 43,963, and since 12,000 of the members in Illinois entered the service, it is apparent that one in every three and one-half members were in the service.** The Knights of Columbus of Illinois constituted at that time less than six-tenths of one per cent of the popula- tion of Illinois, but three and four-tenths per cent of all the men in the service from Illinois were Knights of Columbus.'** These figures are not given in a boastful or vainglorious spirit, but it is a consoling thought that at no time in the future may any one charge the Order with a lack of practical patri- otism when put to the test. It is an interesting, but too greatly involved inquiry to trace out the manner of the connection with the service of the young men who served their country. It is especially credit- able to the men of Illinois that 46 per cent of those who entered the service entered by enlistment or volunteered. Of these volunteers 25,045 came in through the National Guard, 24,- 663 entered the navy, 3,678 went in through the marine corps, while there were 109,757 in the United States army." This leaves 188,010 that came into the service through the draft. It is very safe to assert that the favorable percentages of the Knights of Columbus entrants were more than maintained amongst the volunteers. As a matter of fact it has been quite conclusively shown that the volunteers amongst Catholics far exceeded, proportionately, other entrants.^- It would be impractical to attempt to follow all of the service men through their initial and ultimate connection with the service. As to many of them the most that can be said is that the enlistments in the navy were very numerous; that a great many joined the marines and entered aviation; substantial numbers entered the officers' training camps, and others even entered the service with the Canadian forces or through some European service. 9. See names and table in this chapter. 10. lb. 11. Illinois in the World War, op. cit., p. 14. 12. See analysis. 580 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The bulk of the Illinois National Guardsmen, of whom it has been seen there were 25,045, and amongst whom there was at least the regular proportion of members of the Knights of Columbus, were covered into what was designated the 33rd Division, This 33rd Division was one of the worthiest units of LIEUT. JOHN F. O'CONNELL. RICHARD O'CONNELL, Q. M. C, Camp Grant. BATTERY C, 72ND ARTILLERY, Leo XIII Council. HARRY ENGLER, ST. CYR DAY COUNCIL. Overseas. the great war, and almost every man, officer or private con- nected with the division reflected credit and some measure of glory upon his state, A large number of the Knights of Columbus in the 33rd Division may be accounted for by reference to the record of the old Seventh Regiment Illinois National Guard, vari- WAR— THE KOLL OF HONOR 581 ously denominated as the "Fighting Seventh," the "Irish Regiment," etc., and while at the time of the outbreak of the war there were many men in the Seventh that were not Knights of Columbus, and many indeed who were not even Irish, yet it is perhaps true that 80 per cent of the members of the organ- ization were Irish, and possibly 60 per cent members of the Knights of Columbus. This old Seventh Regiment was origin- ally formed from the Hibernian Rifles and other kindred Irish or Catholic organizations in Chicago, and was mustered into the state service by Governor John P. Altgeld in June 1893. During its entire existence it was a creditable organization. It did guard duty during the American Railway Union strike of 1894, and entered the service of the United States as the Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish- Amer- ican war in 1898, and served with distinction. In 1908 the regi- ment was in service in the negro riots at Springfield. In 1914 it did duty in connection with the floods at Cairo, Illinois. In 1916 the regiment was in the Mexican border service in and about Texas, and, as has been suggested, became a part of the United States forces in 1917. The commanding officers of the Seventh were men of note, many of whom have endeared themselves to the community. The first was Col. Francis T. Colby. Col. Colby was succeeded in 1898 by Col. Marcus A. Kavanagh. In 1899 Capt. Thomas L, Hartigan was elected colonel to succeed Col. Kavanagh. In 1899 Col. Daniel J. Moriarty succeeded Col. Hartigan who, together with Capt. Edward H. White, Capt. James L. Malley and Capt. James Clark resigned from the regiment and all served with distinction in the national army during the Philip- pine insurrection. Col. Moriarty remained in command until the regiment was transferred. The story of the dismemberment and readjustment of the regiment is interesting. After it was decided, following what was jokingly referred to as a test of the "survival of the fittest" to dismember the 582 KNIGHTS OF COLOIBUS IN ILLINOIS Seventh, the commanding general of the division, to which the regiment was assigned at Camp Logan, Texas, detailed the regimental band to temporary duty as an unattached organ- ization at division headquarters under the leadership of prin- cipal musician Paul Smith. The headquarters company was assigned to duty and merged with the 131st Infantry (formerly Chicago's first regiment of infantry). The supply company of the Seventh was likewise assigned to duty and merged into the 131st Infantry. The machine gun company was merged with the 124th ilachine Gun Battalion, U. S. A., and carried with it Capt. Dodd, and Lieutenants Daly, Nolan, Grace, Murphy and Mori- arty, the latter a son of Col. Daniel Moriarty. Former Company A became Truck Company No. 1, Com- pany B Truck Company No. 2 ; Company C Truck Company No. 3 and Company D Truck Company No. 4 of the 108 Am- munition Train. Former Company E became Caisson Company No. 1, Horse Section, 108th Ammunition Trains, and former Company F became Caisson Company No. 2 of the same unit. Former Company G became Supply Truck Company No. 1 of the 108th Ammunition Train ; Company H became Supply Truck Company No. 2; Company I Supply Truck Company No. 3 ; Company K Supply Truck Company No. 4 ; Company L Supply Truck Company No. 5, and Company M Supply Truck Company No. 6, under the immediate command of Major Brady. In the transfer from infantry companies to ammunition truck, caisson and supply companies many enlisted men were left over, and were assigned to other units, composing the 33rd Division. Col. Daniel Moriarty was relieved from the command, ren- dered a supernumerary colonel of infantry, and a.ssigned to temporary duty with two military police companies amongst other units of the 108th Ammunition Trains. Capt. Sexton WAK— THE ROLL OF HONOR oSS was likewise relieved from duty, rendered a snpemumerarv- captain of infantrv. and assigned to temporarv duty with tlie lOSth Trains. The former chaplain of the Seventh. Rev. John J. "Hem. was also rendered a snpernumerary. and assigned to temporary duty as acting chaplain of the lOSth Ammunition Trains. Major-Surgeon Clancy was assigned to temporary duty on the division staff: attendants and assistant surgeons Alloway and Quill, together with the sanitary or hospital troops, were assigned to the lOSth Ammunition Trains. Lt.-Col. J. Martin Clasby was assigned to the command of the entire lOSth Ammuntion and Supply Trains, to which command was also attached the lOSth Train of Engineers. Captains, Stein. Hyatt. Tileson, Dodd and Cull and Lts. Gunette. Emerson. Killoran. Hannigan and Chores were ren- dered supernumerary officers by the change. In the Somme and Argonne-Meuse offensive and all major operations of the 33rd Division. U. S. Army. A. E. F., the regiment performed duty as lOSth Ammunition Trains, lOSth Supply Trains : lOSth Sanitary Trains : 33rd Division Military Police: and in connection with the ordnance repair, medical, hospital, signal corps and units composing the 33rd Division, for which the various units and participants received much praise from the highest commanding officer down to the imme- diate commander of the various units for the gallant and meri- torious service rendered in aid of and in participation with front line trench work against the enemy. The lOSth Ammu- nition Trains was detached from 33rd Division upon arrival in France, after attending the French Artillery school at LaValdahon. The regiment went to the front at St. Mihiel and was assigned to the 1st and S9th Division. After the St. Mihiel offensive had been successfully accomplished the lOSth Ammunition Train moved to Verdun and was assigned to the 2nd French Army. During the three important phases of the Meuse-Argonne 584 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS drive the 108th Ammunition Train was attached for action to the 91st, 32nd, 42nd, 89th and 79th Division, being at Stenay, France the farthest line of advance of the A. E, F., after "policing" the Battle Area and removing all captured mate- rial, the 108th Ammunition Trains marched into Luxemburg and rejoined the 33rd Division. The 108th Supply Train and Military Police remained at all times with the 33rd Division. The Seventh Illinois In- fantry Machine Gun Company under command of Captain P. J, Dodd, became a part of the 122nd Machine Gun Battalion.^^ It was some consolation to the old members and admirers of the "Fighting Seventh" that at the conclusion of the world war and after the mustering out of the service men Governor Frank 0. Lowden, as commander in chief of the Military and Naval forces in the state, authorized on May 3, 1919, a reorganization of the regiment. Since that time, however, numerous changes have taken place in the military regula- tions. The foregoing will indicate the general experience of army men. There were of course large numbers of the Knights of Columbus in the other and later important war organiza- tion, recruited largely in Illinois, designated the 86th Division. Not all of these, indeed only a portion, saw service abroad, but nearly all of them entered the service through Camp Grant. Their experience was not unlike that of the members of the 33rd Division. As for men in the navy, the marine corps and the supply service, numerous individual experiences will be found in this volume which will interest the reader. The great outstanding fact is that 12,000 young men of the Knights of Columbus promptly responded to the call of their country, and creditably discharged the duties incumbent upon them. 13. Information chiefly from General Edward H. White. l9l4 Ko/C. ROLL 0/ HONOR ILLINOIS MEMBERS IN WORLD WAR 182 CHICAGO, Chicago Armstrong, James S. Banneyer, Joseph Baumer, Harry W. Baumgartner, Edw. R. Casey, Frank J. Clinnin, John V. Conley, Wm. F. Conley, Wm. F. Connelly, Jas. J. Connelly, Jos. F. Cooney, Cyril A. Conway, Theo. J. Cullen, Jno. J. Curran, Peter W. Detrich, George Fischer, Clement Gallery, Daniel V., .Jr. Gary, Lee J. Han ley, W. J. Hantak, Jas. R. Hess, Anthony J. Hughes, Arthur J. Hurley, Timothy D. Hutchings, W. C. Kaminski, Chas. J. Mattin, Jos. J. Matthews, Jno. May, Albert S. McCarthy, Geo. McCaul, Joseph A. McGrath, Thos. J. Norton, Arthur J. O'Connor, Jos. T. Quirk, Frank J. Quirk, Leo J. Kedmond, E. J. Reuland, Nicohlas J. Ryan, John V. Schaefer, Leo J. Schwind, Harold P. Sheridan, Jno. V. Sheridan, Vincent J. Shugrue, John A. Thoma, Reinhardt Vlk, Edward Walsh, James I. 244 MARQUETTE, Chicago Bayerly, George J. Bell, J. R. Brady, Bertrand J. Clark, George L. Clark, Myron F. Clune, Timothy J. Conrardy, Nicholas W. Coors, Vincent Curran, James T. Daly, John J. Delana, Edward K. Delany, John B. Dolan, John A. Donnelly, James F. Dowdle, Patrick J. Feehan, Edward M. Fisher, Harold P. Flannery, Thomas F. Garrity, Park E. Gavin, James A. Geble, Jr., Peter F. Georges, M. Martin Goldthwaite, Frank C." Griffin, Harry P. Grooss, Jr., F. A. Hohn, Leo. J. Heaney, Michael Heup, Cyril F. Hoellen, Edgar J. Hughes, Myles J. Jordan, Gerald Kane, Charles P. Kearney, Thomas Kelly, George V. Kernel, Edward C. Kieffer, Harold W. Kilkenney, Francis J. Keeper, Charles C. Konecny, Joseph Lantz, Frederick N. J. Lavery, Urban C. Lesner, Victor J. Lof tus, Thomas J. Loos, Clarence J. Luxem, Edward J. Lynskey, William J. Mathews, Joseph F. McCarthy, Pat'k J. J. McCarthy, Justin T. McGuirk, William H. McHale, Harry P. Mooney, Edward S. Morrissey, John A. Morrison, Rev. Sid. J. Musham, John W. Nilles, John A. O'Grady, Hilary J. Oink, William A. 585 O'Keefe, David C. O'Malley, Edward P. O'Malley, Francis E. O'Malley, Peter J. O'Hare, Thomas J. I'arker, George J. Pettis, Walter T. Quinlan, Thomas R. Radzin, C. L. Reading, Harold E. Reedy, James W. Rohe, FrankA. (Died in Camp.) Roney, Samuel B. Ryan, Herbert J. Scanlon, Arthur F. Schmal, Lewis E. Schreiber, Joseph C. Schultz, Raymond H. Shea, William J. Spearing, George L. Thies, Charles Thornton, James F. Thornton, John J. Venn, Henry L. Vovesney, Joseph P. Weiler, Joseph J. Weixel, A. L. Zender, Edward J. 586 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 282 DE LA SALLE, Chicago Brennan, Thos. V. Bievers, Theo. Broad, Chas. M. Brown, Edwin R. Byrnes, Ralph J. Canary, Jos. A. Carroll, J. Edgar Clennin, Thos. C. A. Coleman, John B. Corcoran, M. H. Corcoran, Thos. E. Corcoran, Wm. A. Costello, Dr. Chas. A. Cronin, Ray Cronln, Jas. T. Cronin, Patriclc D. Cullinan, Daniel A. Darrow, Jos. A. Dee, Thos. P. Delaney, Donald D. DeRoulet, Dr. Alfred Flynn, Raymond, D. Fox, Hugh B. Grady, John F. Goeldel, Thos. L. Hanley. Lawrence A. Haj"th, Anthony L. Henricks, Harold H. Heron, John Herrlnger, Joseph R. Holland, James C. Hughes, W. J. James, Walter J. Judge, William P. Keeler, John F. Kelly, James J. Lyman, James H. Lynch, Thos. J. Manning, Dr. Leonard Maxwell, Frank. McCauliffe, Dr. Geo. McDermott, Dr. J. J. McDermott, Michael J. McDonald, Wm. McDonough, John Moser, C. R. J. Murray, Edward A. Murray, Chas. S. Murphy, Francis L. Murphy, Henry P. Murphy, Vincent B. Nolan, Leo T. Ogden, P. L. O'Leary, Jerome O'Toole, Dennis J. Patrick, D. Reis, Henry D. Scanlan, Dr. Walter R. Schendorf, W. H. Shea, Patrick J. Sheehan, Michael Smith, Geo. J. Smith, Herbert J. Sullivan, Francis R. Sullivan, Geo. D. Tibor, Lee A. Walsh, Ed. J. Walsh. James P. Walz, Peter P. Westphalen, Robt. J. White, Edward H. Williamson, Geo. W. Zimmerman, J. M. Ashworth, John P. Bacchi, Anthony Bender, Robert J. Brennan, Albert F. Broadhead, Joseph J. Capraro, A. V. Cassin, Clarence A. Coleman. Jos. P. Fairfield, Leonard F. Finn, Emmett J. Foley, Dr. Thos. P. Ford, Frank A. Fox, Jos. J. Fuhs, Jos. J. Gambro, John L. Gay, Prank J. Golden, George Gaynor, Harry Gleason, John Goggin, Edw. R. Gualano, V. A. 301 ILLINOIS, Chicago Heins, John J. V. Hendricks, John C. Hincker, Harvey C. Hurley, Edw. N. Hyde. David F. Hyde, Frank L. Joyce, Michael R. Kelly, Daniel J. Kelly, Edward C. Kliefoth, Alfred W. A. Kricki, Raymond Lampe, Dr. H. G. Mahoney, Thos. P. McCaffery, Edw. T. a McGranahan, Thos. J. McHugh, Frank McKern, Daniel J. Moran, Frank E. Nagel, Otto J. Nolan. Frank T. North, Harold F. O'Hara, Wm. R. O'Dowd, Prank Pecchia, Geo. Powers, John E. Quinn, E. J. Rice, Rev. Edw. F. Roach, Frank A. Roche, Frank A. Shanahan, Edwin C. Smith, Thurber M. Stanton, Dr. John E. Tenerowicz, R. G. Theisen, Benedict Tierney, Cyril W. Tierney, Edw. J. Tierney, Norbert J. Veasey, Edw. J. Weiss. Frederick J. Way, Dr. Henry J. Ward, J. Stuart E. Zimmer, B. W. 324 ENGLEWOOD, Chicago Adams, Wm. F. Bauer, Geo. V. Berg, Chas. F. Biedermann, W. W. Bracken, John H. Brosius, Jacob J. Cook, Robert M. Colbert, John H. Concannon, Matthias Conrath, Martin Coyne, Patrick J. Cummings. C. W. Downey, Vincent Doyle, Jos. P. Kgan, Martin J. Entrees, Harvey E. I'airfield, Fred O. Finan, Jas. J. Flavin, Timothy E. Fuerst, Lorenz G. Hagarty, Jas. D. Hanlon, Thos. J., Jr. Hanna, Stephen R. Harrington, Dr. R. R. Hasty, John J. Haubenreiser. Robt. C Helfrich, Philip J. Hoey, Vincent E. Horan, Lawrence J. Hughes, Andrew F. Huguelet, Frank E. Huguelet, John E. Huguelet, Jos. A. Huguelet, Louis E. Jacques, Leo H. Jann, Albert C. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 587 Kammert, Wm. H. Keating. Edw. T. Kennelly, Martin H. Koch, J. Edwin Uigar, Rev. Urban W. Lawlor, Michael D. Maloney, Harris A. Maloney, Jos. W. Mayer, James Leo McCarthy, Daniel J. McFadden, Edw. T. McDonough, Chas. S. McGreevey, J. Geo. McLaughlin, B. J., Jr. Mies, Chas. F. Mies, Stephen W. Nix. Peter S. O'Connor, Stephen O'Daniels, Ellis Sage, Leo M. Schmitt, Chas. P., Jr. Schuberth, Eugene J. Schumacher, John P. Schumacher, Wm. A. Sesterhenn, Ray S. Shine, Wm. T. Sheridan, Chas. H. Sink, John P. Slowly, Alex. R. Sokel, James A. Sypneske, Leo J. Tracy, Wilfred F. Travis, Edw. J. Watts, Samuel E. Wilkins, Harold P. Wirtz, Anthony G. Wolff, Alfred J. Wolff, Edw. Wuchter, Chas. A. Zuber, Eugene M. 361 LAFAYETTE, Chicago Adamowski, Jerome A. Amorella, Andrew Anthony, Paul Henry Arens, Albert B. Arens, Henry C. Abell, James A. Bacon, William H. Badzmierowski, M. J. Balicki, Walter F. Bannach, Joseph V. Bannon, J. Harry Bannon, John A. Barrett, Jos. N. Bartnicki, Felix Barta, John Bartodzy, Lawrence M. Baumhart, N.,Jr. Bebber, Geo. A. Benkendorf, Bernard Benz, William J. Benson, Charles A. Blake, Patrick J. Blazejczak, Jos. Blim, Arthur W. Bloecgl, Herman J. Blikowski, John Bode, Chas. J. Boenning, Jos. F. Boland, Geo. A. Boland, Eugene J. Bowden. Clement M. Bowe, William J. Brady, Philip Bradley, Jos. M. Bowen, Jos. Brady, Jos. E. Brechel, Jos. L. Breit, John P. Bremer, Godfrey J. Brockmeyer, Louis A. Brown, James F. Brown, John R. Buckley, Dennis P. Bulger, Geo. A. Burgman, Alex. M. Burlinski, Casimer Bychowski, Alfred J. Byczek, Andrews W. Byrne, Charles N. Cahill, Francis J. Carey, William T. Carney, Edward B. Carney, Francis G. Carroll, Geo. E. Carmody, James J. Carynski, Stephen R. Casey, Dennis J. Cauwels, Arthur A. Cawley, Martin F. Ciaglo, John M. Cindaj, Felix J. Cindaj, Henry A. Clark, Patrick Classen, Willys H. Coane, Matthes J. Cogger, Thomas W. Coleman, Walter J. Collins, John A. Conklin, Lambert J. Connerton, John A. Connery, Francis D. Conroyd, William A. Conway, Clement T. Constantino, James Corcoran, Edward A. Corda, John A. Corda, Louis A. Corso, Charles C. Coy, William H. Cramer, Peter J. Crowley, Joseph A. Cunningham, Thos. B. Czaja, Leo M. Czosek, Peter P. Damptz, John A. Dembrowski, Walter J. Deering, Gerald J. DeWulf, Albert C. Dienslake, Peter R. Dieter, Elmer E. Dinschel, Nicholas P. Dittmer, Henry A. Dolan, Jos. C. Dombrowski, Alex. Domek, Chas. A. Dompke, Bernard S. Donlon, Edmund J. Donner, Arthur P. Donohue, Chas. Dorsch, Bernard P. Dougal, Richard J. Doyle, Martin Doyle, Philip Drinan, John J. Dreyer, Felix E. Duthorn, John J. Durand, Geo. A. Dvorak, John J. Dzinbinski, John G. F. Eiden, Leonard M. Elisher, William P. Ellwanger, Carl L. Emmert, John L. Erbach, Andrew J. Fabian, Peter P. Fallon, James J. Farrell, Jerome F. Fell, John R. Feeney, Patrick Fensterle, John A. Fialkowski, Felix W. Finger, Louis J. Fitzgerald, Thomas J. Fitzpatrick, Harold A. Fitzsimmons, Robt. C. E'lannery, Robert E. Flynn, Michael J. Fojut, Anthony Foley, Edmond I. Foley, Stephen X. Franey, James V. Franszcak, Edmund A. Frey, Geo. A. Furman, Albert C. Gallagher, Francis J. Galligan, James J. Gardiner, Charles A. Gardner, Francis J. Garvey, Bernard S. Gause, Harry J. Gering, Charles A. Gercken, Geo. J. Gillmeister, Benj. M. Gillmeister, William Gillmeister, Geo. A. Gilligan, Patrick J. Glatt, William E. Gleason, Raymond F. Gleason, William E. Gordon, Henry F. Gorski, Joseph W. Gottschalk, Mathias V. Gralak, Walter A. 588 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Grzegorzewski, J. S. Gutenkauf, Jos. C. Haffey, James Hager, Louis J. Haggenjos, Victor C. Harmon, Thomas L. Harper, Frederick W. Hecker, Henry J. Hefferin, Willia, J. Heiser, Eddie Helinski, Francis L. Henrich, Frederick W. Hennessy, William J. Keraty, Francis J. Heraty, Peter J. Hickey, John F. Higgins, James L. Hodgins, Geo. E. Hodgins, Clifford J. Holbrook, Chas. J. Holterhoff, William J. Hoppe, Grover W. Hoover, Joseph F. Hopkins, Leonard E. J. Horan, John L. Horcher, Theodore C. Hough, John M. House, Glen C. Hughes, Edward A. Hulsman, Joseph C. Hunter, David P. Imber, Joseph C. Immel, Paul P. Immell, William J. Inglesby, Thomas D. Inglesby, Lewis J. Iwicki, Edward W. Jablonski, Michael F. Jakubski, John p. Janiszewski, C. J. Janiszewski, Justin J. Januszewski, A. W. Jay, Alexander R. Justen, Adam J. Kaczkowski, Joseph C. Kalteux, James C. Kanieski, John J. Kanka, Walter R. Karwata, Stanley A. Karl, Geo. Karmann, Edward J. Kaspari, Lawrence P. Kaspari, Francis J. Kaspari, Geo. J. Kasser, Walter M. Kasser, Edmond H. Keaveney, Thomas F. Keean, Cyrus A. Keeffe, William J. Keenan, John A. Kehl, W. J. Kelley, Robert D. Kelly, George R. Kengott, Chas. A. Kenney, Albert G. Kenna, John W. Ketrick, Francis J. Ketrick, Ambrose B. Kiley, Irving J. Kilroy, Martin J. Kilroy, Matthew J. King, Emmet A. King, John J. Kirsten, Edward A. Klafeta, Bronislaus F. Klebenow, John H. Koehler, William Kolmar, William F. Konkowski, Francis E. Kornatowski, Jos. P. Korda, Leo F. Korzeniewski, G. H. Kosick. Adolph A. Koss, John Kostanski, Jos. E. Kotek, Edward F. Kotlarz, Stanley A. Kowalski, Albert A. Kowalski, Stanley Kozak, Casimer Kowalski, John J. Kraft, Paul J. Krause, Francis G. Krawice, Joseph A. Krloick, Guy E. Krusinski, Aloysius P. Kruszcynski, S. J. Kubetz, Harry J. Kuczynski, Joseph E. Kunkel, Paul A. Kupperschmidt, R. W. Laibe, Stanley M. LaPorte, Louis M. LaRoy, Jesse C. LaRoy, Walter R. Laux, Michael A. Lavellie, Oscar A. Lawson, Wilson C. Lecture, Francis R. Lee, Morgan J. Lee, William A. Lee, Lincoln F. Leipzig, Nicholas H. Leipzig, Peter M. Lemke. Harry A. Lenick, Clarence R. Lennon, James M. Lessner, Edwin F. Ligman, Stanley J. Litewski, Anthony G. Lobocki, Anthony G. Locki, David Lonergan, J. M. (Chaplain) Lorenz, Casimer F. Luczak, John Ludkowski, Edward I. Lukaski, Henry Lustig, Ernest J. Lustig, Henry A. Lyk, John H. Machery, William F. Madigan, James J. Majewski, Joseph W. Malecki, Jos. B. Malesky, Edward A. Malloy, James F. Malesky, Francis P. Mangano, Dominic Manning, Clement L. Manning, Edgar F. Marski, Leo G. Marcinski, Leo P. Martin, Nicholas Martin, Peter N. Martinus, Joseph J. Matusiewicz, A. P. Mazurkiewicz, Jos. P. Mazurkiewicz, Walter Mazzuca, James McCarthy, Martin C. McCarthy, Mitchell F. McCue, James A. McCue, Cornelius J. McCue, Leonard T. McDermott, Wm. P. McGovern, Patrick J. McHugh, Patrick McKillop, Daniel McLaughlin, Walter E. McLoughlin, Charles McNichols, John H. Meilinger, Jos. J. Mellin, Bruno. Merkel, Charles Merrill, Eugene C. Michalski, Edward V. Mikoljczak, Stanley Milewski, Walter A. Millay, James B. Miller, William F. Monahan, Robert J. Monette, Edward Moninger, Geo. J. Mooney, John V. Moran, John L. Moran, Thomas F. Mors, Edward W. Moriarty, Daniel Moss, William E. M'lldoon, Harry J. Mulhern, Lawrence S. Mulhern, Bernard J. Mulhern, Michael S. Mullen, Martin J. Murphy, Charles F. Murphy, William J. Murphy, Raymond J. Murphy, Thomas V. Musloff , Joseph B. Muth, Anthony J. Nash, John J. Newell, John J. Novitski, Francis A. Novitski, John J. Nowicki, Felix F. OBoyle, Martin O'Brien, John J. O'Brien, Ray F. O'Connor, Leslie O'Connor, James F. O'Connor, Thomas L. O'Donohue, Simon O'Keefe, David J. O'Malley, William P. O'Neill, John E. O'Reilley, John J. WAEr-THE ROLL OF HONOR O'Reilley, Leon D. O'Riley, James E. Openlander, Howard Osterman, John R. Fahls, William P. Palewicz, Edward L. Pallasch, Paul V. Paluch, Joseph S. Paschali, Camille Pawlowski, Bernard B. Peck, John L. Penrock, William B. Petrone, John F. Pich, Joseph A. Piggott, Charles F. Pirson, Louis J. Pitlock, Francis J. Podraza, Jos. G. Pirazinski, Edw. M. Potocki, Theodore J. Pribilski, Bernard G. Prost, Theodore Purtell, James J. Purtell, John V. Purner, Rudolph H. Rademacher, Bernard Rago, Joseph Raleigh, James W. Reilly, Edward Robakowski, John J. Piomeiser, Martin R. Rompa, John M. Roseman, Francis Rossi, Francis R. Roszkowski, Jos. A. Rother, Alphons G. Ruehfel, Frederick J. Runge, Gordon E. Rutz, Adolph P. Ryan, Patrick I. Savage, James M. Savaglio, James R. Schaefer, Jacob U. Scherlong, Alex. W. Scheve, Edward Schiewe, Stephen A. Schleiter, Philip A. Schlitz, Irwin J. Schlicht, Benjamin J. Schmidt, Aloysius E. Scholl, Kenneth Schriver, Roy A. Schufrieder, John N. Schweik, Charles Schweik, Henry L. G. Schweizer, Carl L. Schweizer, Eugene J. Seivert, Emil J. Serritella, Peter J. Sherry, Emil J. Siegman, Emil J. Skokna, Joseph M. Stafford, Richard Stanczak, Eugene F. Stephens, Harry Stephens, Robert J. Stoltman, Peter J. Streit, George F. Suerth, Conrad H. Sullivan, Jeremiah T. Sullivan, Patrick Sutton, Robert J. Suwalski, Anthony Szulcznski, Joseph F. Szymanek, Boniface. Szymanski, Edward S. Szyszko, Peter Tadych, Joseph E. Tenczar, Albert V. Terry, Emmet L. Thomas, Sylvester J. Thulis, William C. Thornton, Norbert R. Tierney, John T. Tierney, Emmet J. Toomey, William D. Traub, George E. Treider, John A. Tully, William A. Tylkowski, Joseph Ulrich, Raymond A. Unsin, John P. Urbanczyk, Vincent F. Vavricek, Robert E. Wagner, John F. Wagner, Roy A. Wagner, Charles J. Wagener, Peter P. Waldron, John J. Wallace, James R. AValsh, Richard J. Walsh, Thomas J. Waish, Thomas E. Walsh, Walter F. Walsh, Thomas E. Walski, Joseph Waltemade, Edw. M. Washleske, Victor Wawrzynski, C. T. Wienckowski, Geo. F. Wienckowski, H. W. Wittman, Rickard D. White, Thomas F. Wochinski, Aloysius J. Wolff, Francis H. Wozny, Francis J. Wozny, Victor Zglenicki, Edward T. Zimmermann, John A. Ziomek, Stanley H. Zoellner, Henry H. Zuchelkowski, C. A. 364 SPRINGFIELD, Springfield Alewelt, Wm. Alewelt, Carl Amrhein, Carl Allison, Cornelius Allison, Joseph C. Bernard, Wm. E. Burns, Wm. E. Bowen, George Burkhardt, Norman J. Burtle, Ernest A. Birch, Francis Bonansinga, Robert S. Buedel, Anthony Bryce, Allen T. Boyle, Packey Bretz, Elmer J. Beaghan, John F. Beaghan, Jr., Peter Barrett, George F. Bryce, James D. Brady, Frank D. Brown, Gregory Booth, Joseph A. Corrigan, Ed. J. Call, Ronald J. Carrigan, Arthur Carrigan, Wm. E. Croney, Wm. B. Coady, Joseph E. Call, James J. Coleman, Martin J. Coady, Michael C. Carrigan, Edward A. Cummins, John Conway, Thomas J. Connolly, Michael F. Connolly, James A. Coleman, Bernard Connolly, Rev. J. J. Cooney, Thos. J. Cain, John L., Jr. Call, John M. Carroll, E. C. Call, Charles C. Conroy, Edward J. Connors, Vincent Chandler, Lawrence Cronan, Leo Davlin, Marcus R. Davlin, John J. Dunigan, James W. Doyle, Phillip J. Dee, Thomas C. Delmore, Myles Daughton, Chas. E., Jr. Dirksen, Anthony F. Dickerson, Harry Dirksen, Louis W. Dolan, Thomas Dressendorfer, H. L. Davey, Frank Donnelly, Michael Duncan, Frank L. Daughton, Robert E. Dixon, Paul Klshoff, John S. Elshoff, Gerhard Franz, Arthur G. p'ogarty, Wm. Ray Fisherkeller, Leo Fielding, Wm. J. Flesch, Edw. A. 590 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Fisherkeller, Carl A. Fitzpatrick, John R. Fisher, Frank J. Fahy, Murty M. Ford, Robt. Flynn, Wm. H. Gillen, Matthew J. Gaffigan, Wm. J. Gaa, Charles Gorman, Maurice T. Gusswein, Ralph Gleason, Stanley Greeley, Jas. P. Gleason, Wm. J. Hines, Emmet P. Hagele, A. J. Hilliard, Thos. C. Ilenn, Frank Higgins, Thos. J. Higgins, James Jasseck, Carl Kloppenburg, Harry Kunzweiler, Carl Kraus, Andrew J. Kilhoffer, Dr. H. L. Knox, Wm. Kehoe, Ed. F. Kloppenburg, Geo. J. Lehnen, Hugh B. Lee, John M. Layendecker, John A. Lex, John Lex, Leonard Lauer, Harry T. Maheny, D. J. Murphy, John T. Murphy, Edw. L. Murphy, Jr., John N. Mullady, Bernard P. Mallon, Chas. Manning, Paul Murphy, Jos. T. St. Mihiel, One of the Storm Centers of the War in Which Illinois Knights Distinguished Themselves. Gorman, John A. Glaven, John A. Gaa, Carl W Galloway, Paul D. Hellhake, Wm. Harvey, Jas. M. Henn, John Houser, C. J. Hanrahan, Harry T. Hall, Dennis J. Higgins, Geo. H. Hackett, Daniel J. Hackett, Jas. E. HofCerkamp, August Hanrahan, John Kerwin, Lawrence F. Kerns, Leo C. Klaholt, Harry F. Lynch, Wm. LaFauce, Anthony Larabee, Edw. Lorsch, John Lawler, Frank Lawless, Moran Lauchlin, M. T. Lyman, Frank W. Lyman, Edw. M. Lipsmire, Wm. M. Lutz, John P. Leotta, Joseph Murphy, Jas. F. Mahoney, Ed. J. Mullaney, John T. Maier, C. J. Matheis, Albert Meany, Chas. Mahoney, Thos. F. Murphy, Frank B. Matheis, Henry L. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Mulcahy, Richard Mullaney, Chas. B. McLaughlin, E. T. McCue, John A. McCrea, J. Nash WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 591 McGlennon, M. J. McGraugh, Harry McGurk, Miles McHugh, Jos. P. McCue, Jas. C. Nollen, Matthew J. Otto, L. J. Ottis, D. M. O'Brien, Jas. L. O'Brien, Andrew T. Pohl, Conrad J. Palmisano, Frank Pefferle, Leslie G. Quinn, Wm. Rossiter, Peter Rochicioli, Wm. J. Roche, J. M. Rebbe, John Roche, Bernard Reisch, Harry E. Reynolds, Ed. J. Rethinger, A. R. Ransford, J. Robt. Reilly, Walter R. Ryan, Patrick J. Reynolds, Wm. B. Shaughnessy, E. P Sullivan, Thos. H. Sheehan, Howard Shea, Aloysius Shea, Walter S. Stenson, Walter J. Stewart, Michael L. Staab, Herman W. Sheehan, Edw. Shaughnessy, Jas. G. Smith, Dr. Robert E. Schaf er, John Schloton, John B. Scott, Edw. S. Scott, Chas. C. Sexton, Stephen Taggart, Henry Tilley, Arthur D. Thielken, Paul F. Troesch, Frank M. Trutter, Edw. Uhl, Thos. J. Votsmier, Henry White, Jas. J. Watters, Jos. J. Weis, Jos. J. Welsh, Bernard H. Walsh, Michael J. Walz, Chas. A. Webber, Chas. White, Jos. F. Willenborg, Edw. .T. Anson, Arthur W. Bartley, J. Vernon Bertnik, Albert L. Piddle, Harry Birkey, Ralph M. Blackburn, Richard Blaha, Jos. Boland, E. H. Boyle, John A. Brennan, Edw. M. Itrown, Francis A. Burke, James R. Burke, Thos. J. Burt, Wm. Burke, Wm. liyrnes Maurice. Campbell, Bernard Cleary, Peter Comeford, John M. Comeford, Geo. L. Condon, John R. Connor, John Connors, Ray Connors, Wm. Corcoran, Frank Crighton, Ambrose J. Creighton, Maurice J. Croughwell, John Crowley, Neil Cunningham, Leo Cunningham, Wm. D'Arcy, Prank E. Daggett, Ed. Dawson, Thos. A. Dempsey, Henry E. 382 JOLIET, Jolifct Dillon, Geo. H. Dillon, John J. Donohue, Hamilton Dougherty, John H. Downey, Harold Downing, E. Joseph Doyle, Ray F. Durkin. Matt. Egan, John V. Faulkner, Geo. Fay, Bernard J. Fay, Thos. Feeney, Albert Feeley, Thos. Feeney, John Clarke Fenton, Jas. P. Ferguson, C. E. Fitzgerald, Maurice Fomento, Fred Foster, Harold Freis, Fred P. Gabel, Martin W. Gahagen, Patrick, Jr. Gallagher, Martin E. Gleason, Hugh W. Gleason, Jos. W. Graham, Wm. Griffin, John M. Haley, Paul C. Harney, Thos. Hennessey, Wm. Kavanaugh, Jos. Kinsella. John Komp, Jos. Lawlor, James M. Loughran, Cornelius Lowrey, J. Walter Malloy, Harold E. Malloy, Norbert McCanna, Wm. E. McCauley, Arthur McHugh, Raymond McHugh, Robert E. McGowan, Leonard j. Metzgar, Jos. Noel, James O'Brien, Wm. J. O'Hern, J. Paul O'Leary, C. C. Olivo, Jos. O'Neil, Dr. Joseph T. Rafter, Edw. A. Reardon, Chas. R. Russell, James J. Salensnik, Edw. Sexton, John Scahill, Thos. Schuster, liaymond ^i. Staehely, Raymond J. Sullivan, Cornelius D. Tierney, John Tighe, John Tracey, Harry Trainor, Edw. J. Wagner, P. E. Ward, Wm. E. Wellnltz, Anthony Wyss, Frank J. Allen, Joseph Amrhein, Andrew Anderson, John Anderson, William Anthony, George Arnold, John 427 SPALDING, Peoria Aylward, Frank Barrett, James Best, Joseph Boland, William Bradley, Richaid B. Boyd. Wilbur Bourke, Wm. C. Brown, Will Bruns, Albert Buck, Eugene Bunk, Joseph Burke, J. C. 592 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Bishop, Frank Cahill, Leo Callahan, P. P. Gallery, Ray Gallery, J. L. Garrigan, Tom Gashin, M. H. Gashman, E. E. Gharvat, F. J. Gleary, Mike Conners, Will Crowley, Mike Cullinan, Tom Comiskey, T. J. Dalton, Frank Danahay, Dan Daniels, Tom Davis, Walter Detrempe, Les Dietrich, Ghas. Donnell, Julius Donnelly, Harold Donohue, J. J. Doyle, Ben Dries, Joe Durkin, William Damman, Fred Donnelly, Roy E^ngland, Walter Farrell, Gene Ferlman, Ghas. Fitzgerald, E. W. Fitzgerald.R. C. Flaherty, L. Flood, Francis Golike, Frank Gorman, John Gorman, Tom F. Haddigan, F. A. Haddigan.W. A. Halpin, Ghas. Hapenny, John Harding, Will Hayden, Rufus Hediger, Geo. Heinrich, G. T. Heinz, B. J. Hess, William Heyd, Wilbert Hietter, G. G. Higgins, Rev. Higgins, Mike Higgins, Will Hopkins, A. J. Hofreiter, G. J. Hussung, Frank Joseph, Joseph Kavanaugh, R. J. Kavanaugh, R. E. Kaptur, V. D. Keeley, Ed Kelly, Anthony Kelly, Ed D. Kelly, Dan E. Kelly, Francis Kelly, George Kelly, Martin Kelly, Tom J. Kerns, L. B. Kearns, Ed J. King, William Kirwan, Emmet Koetter, Len Kowash, Charles Lafeber, T. J. Lawless, Harry Lawless, James Lavin, Mike Linneman, J. J. Long, William Madigan, Rich Malone, Larry Marks, Harry Marks, Ray Martens, William Matthews, George McArthey, G. L. McCarthy, Ghas. McBurney, William McConnell, Joe McGann, B. C. McGrath, W. E. McManus, J. P. McManus, Will Mills, Leo Mooney, G. J. Mooney, H. J. Moore, J. G. Moran, J. P. Moutier, B. G. Moutier, Frank Murphy, J. P. Murphy, P. G. Murphy, Leo T. Murphy, Tom Myatt, Harry Nau, Joe Nauer, Fred Neven, W. R. Newman, Lewis Nolan, James O'Brien, John J. O'Conner, Ed O'Neil, Walter Ossenbec, C. G. Phalen, J. J. Phalen, R. J. Phillips, W. J. Phillips, W. P. Powers, Ed J. Powers, E. J., Jr. Powers, Fred Premersdoerfer, J. E Quinn, L. W. Quinlan, J. J. Raleigh, Maurice Rapp, A. C. Reilly, Edward Reis, Val E. Roach, F. O. Roche, C. T. Roche, William Roth, William Ruhaak, E. J. Ruhaak, Howard Ryan, Fred W. Ryan, Joe F. Ryan, Matthew Scherrer, A. L. Schmidt, Bern. Schmidt, W. W. Schmitt, F. M. Schotthoefer,F. F. Seller, B. J. Smelz, Omar P. Smith, Ray Sours, Ben Sours, Len T. Speck, Carl Speck, Ed Spitzer, Francis Spurck, George Sprenger, Dr. A. Spurck, Dr. P. T. Stanley, William Streitmiller, N. Stuckey, Leroy Sweeney, Neil Tuohy, Herb. Volz, Bernard Volz, Prank Vonachen, P. G. Wahl, Gordon Wahl, J. Joe Walsh, John E. Walsh, Rev. P. E. Walters, Harry Waters, Frank Waugh, James Weber, Clem Westlake, A. T. Whalen, Leo Whalen, John M. Whalen, William Whelan, Frank Williams, P. D. Wissing, Joe Wiltz, Lambert Zimmerman, A. U. Acker, Ambrose Acker, Clement Acker, Prank Barrett, Edw. N. Barrett, John L. 460 ALTON, Alton Beiser, Louis Berger, Henry Berry, Thos. Blakely, Walter Braunagel, J. A. Brown, John T. Budde, Walter L. Bund, Wm. Callahan, Jas. T. Caldwell, J. L. WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 593 Callahan, Jos. Callahan, Wm. Caldwell, Henry Cahill, David E. Conley, John Coppinger, Lucian Crivello, Aug. M. Crivello, Gasper Cunningham, C. J. Carson, Dr. O. E. Davey, John W. Dwiggins, Leonard Dromgoole, Jos. Degenhardt, Jos. L. Dennison, John T. Eckhard, John Ernst, Harry Federle, Albert Ford, Leo Flori, Jos. Gallagher, Dr. B. 1 Guertler, Walter Girard, Albert Gissal, John Graf, J. A. Green, Walter Grossheim, Chas. Grossheim, John Gross, Sylvester Hagan, Lucien Hagan, Joe Hagan, Chas. Harrington, Wm. Heintz. Leo Hellrung, Herbert Hoehn, John Horat, Frank Howard, Emmet Hughes, Jr., Edmond Hohnstedt, Fred Immenga, Fred Joehl, John June, Leo Jun, Henry Kleinschnittger, Leo Knapp, Oswald Kane, Dr. F. Kremer, Bern. Kane, Geo. Kelter, Jas. C. Kennedy, Phil Kniery, Edw. Laurence, Allen E. Lippoldt, Jos. Long, David Long, W. Earl Lynch, J. M. Lynch, Stanley Leady, Jos. Maul, T. Maul, Henry C. Maguire, Geo. Mahoney, Martin Molloy, Henry Maguire. Chas. Manion, Wm. McGinnis, John F. McGarrahan, Geo. McHale, John McHenry, Wm., Jr. Mooney, T. J. Maul, Theo. Norton, Francis Pekarick, Martin Reynolds, Peter Ryan, John Ransom, Chas. Schulte, Soe Stodieman, Jos. Scherer, Cecil Scherer, Karl Schmidt, W. P. Schneeringer, Han y Slruif, Leo J. Thornton, N. B. Timper, Theo. Troeckler, Mike Werner, Geo. Werner, Edw. Willis, Leo Wuellner, Henry Wueliner, Jos. Wyss, Emmert 470 ROCKFORD, Rockford Ashton, Jas. H. Brennan, Jas. E. Barry, Vincent D. Bokler, Rugur R. Burke, John J. Burke, Richard E. Blankmeier, Carl J. Bedinger, Edw. F. Barrett, David F. Blommer, Walter J. Bradgon, Harvey E. Busch, Lester L. Burscher, Clements Breyer, Leonard H. Casserly, J. Emmett Cavanagh, Edmund B. Cherichetti, Jerome Cholke, Albert M. Condon, John R. Creagan, Clyde L. Creagan, Ralph P. Curry,T. L. Curry, Martin H. Carmody, Arthur M. Carroll, Geo. A. Cummings, Rev. M. A. Collentine. Ralph J. Cooper, Edward Casey, Jos. M. Daly, Thos. M., Jr. Devine, Willard Devine, Harry J. Doran, James A. Doherty, James R, Dougherty, Lee Dougherty, J. Ray Dowdakin, James D. Doyle, John P. Devine, Carlyle T. Donaghy, James K. Doherty, Earl John EauClaire, Dick Enright, James A. Faltysek, Geo. Foley, Herbert F. Ford, Francis W. Ford, John H. Fox, Peter L. Finn, Harold L. Feldott, Edwin A. Fiedler, John C. Finnegan, Thos. B. Fineran, Geo. Henry Fitzpatrick, Patrick Foley, Chas. J. Farrell, Paul Gill, George P. Green, Theo. E. Grimm, Leo F. Gutzwiller, R. W. Greigler. Edward J. Ginouchio, Frank J. Glynn, Floyd G. Gangham, John Gedwiel, Henry Gruenke, Mathias Gallagner, James P. Haf ey, Thos. Jos. Hallock, Stephen C. Handibode, L. J. HefEern, Ross Hickey, Chas. C. Honey, John Johnson, Robert Keane, Edward F. Kiegel, Albert P. Kleber, Jos. Linnen, John T. Lonergan, John R. Lonergan, John P. Martin, Thos. A. Mullane, Wm. P. Murphy, Edward H. Murphy, Robert Marelli, Henry A. McCabe, John R. McCabe, John, Jr. McCann, John R. McCarthy, Vernon J. McCarty. Dennis J. McLee, Bernard J. McAndrews. Raymond McNelis, John F. McCabe, Harry L. McNamara, Frank McNeany, W. J. McDonald, L. G. Numann, Felix Neal, Wm. J. Nolan, Thos. H. O'Connell, John F. O'Connor, Willis E 594 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Plum, Leo F. Petritz, John G. Quirk, Raymond Raidy, Emmett L. Raldy, Raymond Redmond, James Royer, Wilfred Wm. Ryan, John Thos. Rausch, Leo M. Sullivan, Emmett A. Schaenzer, J. P. Scollin, Rev. W. J. Sloan, Vincent I. Stimack, Ignas A. Sullivan, Harry A. Sullivan, James Sullivan, Clarence E. Schmauss, Fred L. Schmauss, G. Arthur Taube, Edward Thomas, Valentine B. Tully, John M. Tokarz, Frank Tuincy, Chas. J. Walsh, Raymond T. Ward, Hugh F. Waterfield, Richard R. Welch, Eugene J. Whelan, Rev. J. H. Winkel, Max G. C. M. BUTLER OF FK. O'CONNOR COUNCIL in Siberia. FIRST LIEUT. M. G. HARBULA, St. Philip Neri Coun- cil, Instructor in Avia- tion at Girstner Field. Louisiana and other points. WILLIAAI C. SULLI- VAN OP CHICAGO in Siberia. Annetti, James Archibald, Wm. T. Beilman, James J. Bernard, Fred Bess, Wm. F. Boehl, Geo. M. Boldt, Arthur 517 DE SOTO, Chicago Boltz, John J. Buettgen, W. C. J. Burke, Emmet Byrne, James A. Byrne, Wm. J. Garden, Wm. H. Carmody, T. J. Carney, Emmett R, Christoffel, R. P. Cleary, Maurice J. Coari, Frank A. Coffeen, Wm. F. Colford, James T>. Colquit, Wm. F, WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 595 Conway, J. Rudolph Cuny, Ambrose Cuny, Prank J. Debus, Adam J. DeCaluwe, Alex. Dechmann, Jos. M. Delles, Ray J. Dobleskey, Peter Draths, Frank A. Egan, J. Parnell Egloff, Martin F. Engel, Andrew J. Fngel, John M. Enzweiler, P. H. Even, Geo. M. Even, Wm. M. Fehrenbacker, F. J. P'eit, Joseph F. Feld, Raymond H. Figiel, John Fisher, Hugh Fischer, James Fischer, Jos. J. Flannery, John S. Florczak, Adolph Foehrlnger, John F. Frey, Felix F. Friedrichs, Harry M. Ganzer, Walter A. Gorman, Jos. A. Guenther, Jos. B. Hausmann, W. E. L. Haley, Martin J. Hamilton, John Harvey, H. W. Hayden, T. Hayes, C. G. Healy, M. J. Hemmelgarn, W. Hengl, Alex. C. Hennemann, W. J. Heraty, Thomas Hinkes, Nicholas J. Hoffman, Wm. J. Hogan, F. J. Hogan, Dr. Thos. A. Huelsmann, F. J. Jacobs, Dr. Fred C. Jacobs, Geo. E. Jungblut, John B. Junius, Geo. N. Junius, Peter J. Kalvelage, Arthur C. Kandel, Peter N. Kasper, Roger Kea ting, Chas. E. Kefer, Henry M. Kent, J. P. Ketchum, James A. Kinson, Francis P. Knippel, Frank J. Koller, John C. Kraft, Joseph N. Krewer, Wm. A. Kuempel, Arthur E. Kuhn, P. V. Lahey, Russell E. Lanagan, Thos. J. Lauer, Carl F. Lebbin, Wm. J. Lecheler, Louis J. Loheinrich, F. A. Luxem, L. P. Lynch, Frank T. Machtel, Peter J. Maheu, James J. Malinowski, A. F. Marshall, Edwin S. Martin, Bernard Martin, Al Martini, Mathias N. Meyer, Raymond C. Meyer, Wm. J. Meyers, Harry J. Miller, Roger C. Mittel, Rupert V. Moran, Lawrence P. Mueller, E. L. Murphy, Eugene P. McDonald, Campbell McGarry, Robert E. McHale, Edward J. McLaughlin, J. W. McLoughlin, P. C. Nicholson, R. W. O'Connell, John J. O'Connor, Arthur J. O'Connor, Joseph A. Oehm, Henry J. Paque, Albert E. Paque, Otto Pecht, Geo. O. Powers, Andrew T. Prost, Nlch. A. Quinn, John M. Reif , Michael P. Resch, Casper J. Retzek, Rev. Henry Richards, Ernest O. Riedl, M. J. Riley, Joseph W. Riordan, John J. Robinett, Jos. F. Roth, Casper Ryan, Edward Savage, Geo. E. Scanlan, Thos. E. Schaid, Aug. H. Schelling, Frank Scherrer, Chas. F. Schmauss, Michael J. Schmidt, Edw. P. Schmitz, Wm. P. Schneider, Arnold G. Self ert, Mathias J. Seng, Lambert Q. Sittler, Frank J. Stanton, John J. Steder, Mathias Steder, Nicholas Sugg, Raymond J. Sullivan, James T. Sullivan, Vincent L. Sweeney, A. L. P. Theisen, Jos. L. Tomezak, Victor F. Turini, John A. Vanderkooi, E. J. Vitu, Paul J. Vollmann, B. M. Vollmann, Jos. I'. Vollmann, Mathias II. Wagemann, Hubert A Waldbillig, P. T. Weimer, Herman H. Weimer, Phil J. Weidemann, E. M. Werner, Peter A. Williams, Oliver A. Wohlleber, Frank N. Wohlleber, Henry Wolschon, John C. Wuerth, Walter Zapp, Julian E. Zapp, Paul A. Zei, Fred W. Ziesk, Chas.. Jr. Ziesk, unas. Zingsheim, Geo. C. Zwack, John 537 PHIL SHERIDAN, Oak Park Brosnan, T. P. Butler, Jas. C, Jr. Butler, Wm. F. Branen, Chas. E. Braheny, John E. Bertaux, Jules F. Callaghan, V. S. Cremin, Thos. B. Collins, Edw. W. Collins, Wm. J. Cameron, Chas. J. Dee, Thos. F., Jr. Foy, Wm. D. Feery, Bern. T. Gibbons, Leo J. Geselbracht, H. C. Hogan, Floyd L. Hinchey, Robert F. Junkersfeld, Peter Keegan, John Kane, John P. Kane, Wm. J. LeBeau, Nor. J. Lof tus, John F. Mudd, Jos. A., Jr. Murphy, Thos. H. McBlliott, J. T., Jr. McCarthy, John W. McCarthy, Jas. F. McGarry, Jas. W. 596 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS McGann, L. E., Jr Prendergast, R I. Quilty, R. Frank Quinlan, John W. Rice, James A. Schaf, Aug. Li. Smith, Ber. J. Smith, Frank E. Smith, John V. Stover, Robt. A. St. Arnaud, Geo. 556 GALESBURG, Galesburg Blake, John J. Bradshaw, Harold L. Burns, Charles M. Burns, George L. Carolan, Edward J. Carr, Peter Cowan, George A. Cratty, Earl B. Cratty, John W. Green, Joseph C. Crouch, Frederick J. Cullen, John H. Duffy, Leo F. English, William J. Everist, James W. Fifield, Chas. A. Fifield, Roy P. Pigle, Paul S. Forsythe, Forrest J. Freeman, William T. Healey, Charles H. Hoben, Michael J. Hogan, Patrick M. Houlihan, John F. Houlihan, Leo K. Huston, Marcus M. Heffern, Thomas Hoben, Anthony Harris, Paul I. Hutmacher, Oscar G. Kennedy, George M. Kiernan, Eugene R. Ring.Timothy E. Klrkbridge, John H. Lane, Marvin L. Maley, William H. Mangion, Thomas E. Narry, Thomas F. McGivern, Fredk. M. McKillip, Paul W. McNamara, Leo J. McNamara, William Morrissey, Jams W. Morrissey, Joseph T. MuUer, William F. Necasek, Fredk. H. Necasek, J. Arthur O'Brien, John J. O'Brien, Leo F. O'Brien, Thos. C. O'Connor, William L. O'Connor, Crescent P. O'Connor, Frederick J O'Donnell, John, Jr. Rabenau, Clarence T. Riley, Michael J. Rlnella, Samuel C. Ritzenthaler, J. L. Rowe, Chester J. Scurry, William J. Sheahan, John C. Sheahan, Leo P. Stablein, Paul Sullivan, Eugene J. Telford, Charles S. Trebbe, Frederick A. Watson, Stanley W. White, William J. Worden, Homer J. 574 BLOOMINGTON, BloomJngton Allen, James Bandl, John Borkoviak, M. L. Bethea, Edward Blair, Geo. F. Bonnen, Ed G. Boylan, Geo. F. Boylan, Harry F. Brennan, Ed F. Burke, Peter A. Burns, Richard F. Butler, James F. Butler, Frank M. Callahan, Martin L. Carbery, John E. Cleary, John A. Conley, Edgar L. Conley, Geo. F. Conroy, Francis H. Conroy, Maurice F. Corbley, John P. Costigan, Thomas I. Cox, James V. Cox, John F. Cullen, Francis M. Condon, J. J. Denneen, Frank DeVaney, Roy B. Donlon, James P. Downey, Daniel P. Downey, Ed F. Downey, Eugene P. Driscoll, John B. B^nright, Jay D. Fisherkeller, Henry A. Flynn, Edgar A. Flynn, Thomas Flynn, M. G. Freeze, Albert F. Freeze, John G. Gehring, Laurence Gildner, Leo Gleason, Geo. P. Greenleaf , P. E. Gregory, Mathew P. Hackett, Frank Haffner, Louis Hallihan, John Hayden, Daniel A. Haydon, Thomas F. Hayes, Louis A. Hayes, Melvin S. Hayes, Paul Heinz, Peter F. Hogan, Leo L. Howard, Austin Hunt, Leo Johnson, James F. Kalahar, Maurice Kane, Lt. C. P. Kellog, Verne F. Kinder, Patrick Kinsella, James F. Koos, Emmett F. Koos, Laurence H. Lahey, Robert Leary, Chas. E. Leary, John M. Leary, Richard M. Lenehan, William F. liUnney, Laughlin F. Lynch, James R. Lyons, Wayne McAvoy, Arthur McCarthy, Eugene S. McGraw, Patrick M. McGraw, Wm. E. Maloney, Robert E. Mann, Andrew F. Maurer, Adolph I. Meaney, Joe P. Merna, Harry Merna, Wm. Mesner, Francis Moore, Roy B. Morath, Ralph C. Morrissey, James F. Morrissey, James S. Morrissey, Thomas J. Murray, Fred E. Murray, Leo F. O'Connell, Richard M. O'Donnell, Raymond O'Hara, Wm. F. Ottes, Peter F. Parker, Jacob F. Pemberton, Hubert Penn, Fred W. Penn, James E. Ploussard, Edward Powers, Ed Radbourn, Louis WAR— THE ROLL OP HONOR 597 Raycroft, Ed V. Riegger, Arnold P. Rodgers, Joseph E. Ryan, James M. Salmon, Maurice A. Salmon, Maurice F. Sammon. James F. M. Schultz, Andrew Schwart, John Shanahan, Thomas Smith, J. F. Smith, Wm. Stone, Leslie Sullivan, Andrew E. Sullivan, Chas. H. Sweeney, George Sweeney, Wm. F. Thoennes, Otto A. Toohey, Harold Twomey, Daniel P. Vogal, Rodger M. Walsh, Leo M. Walsh. Thomas M. Watson, Francis L. Watson, Roland B. Watson, Thomas V. Weldon, Thomas S. Williams, John A. Abrams, Thos. E. Aman, Raymond J. Arsenau, Stanislaus Barry, James E., Jr. Barry, Richard Bretz, Jno. P. Bergin, Dennis J. Burg, Edward C. Burgener, Chas. Busch, Henry E. Buzan, Thos. E. Cahill, James F. Campion, Michael Cantwell, Wm. T. Clancy, Jno. Collins, Jos. E. Condon, Edw. T. Condon, F. H. Connolly, Louis E. Connor, Arthur E. Costello, M. P. Crinigan, Jno. F. Daily, Wm. L. Delaney, James P. Delaney, Leo Delaney, Thos. J. Delaney, Wm. Dills, Raymond J. Dolson, S. J. Doran, Jos. P. Dorgan, Chas. E. Dowling, John Downing Jos. R. Downing, Louis Downing, W. P. Doyle, Robert J. Drake, Wm. E. Ducey, E. P. Dunn, Homer J. Dunn, Raymond Ehrhardt, Edward England, D. T. Ernst, Vincent R. Fahay, Wm. M. 577 DECATUR, Decatur Falk, Harry A. Finn, Jno. D. Flynn, Wm. Foley, Harold F. Foran, W. A. Glancy, Thos. Graham, John D. Hagen, Chas. L. Haffey, Robert J. Haffner, Carl F. Hayes, Edward A. Hayes, Dr. Jno. M. Hays, Arnold Heger, Clarence M. Heiner, Lawrence J. Hendricks, Edw. P. Heynen, Lawrence J. Hogan, Arthur Hogan, Walter E. Houran, Donald J. Houran, Virgil E. Howley, Jno. M. Hunt, Lisle Hunt, Luke N. Hutcheson, Roy Wm. Houran, C. F. Johnson, Jos. R. Kekeisen, Carl F. Kilkeary, Edward F. Laux, Carl Leonard, Edw. Lof tus, Ernest J. Malloy, F. P. Madigan, Daniel Malloy, Walter McEvoy, Robert L. Mesker, Louis J. Meyers, Frederick A. Miller, Paul A. Mooney, B. L. Mooney, Jas. F. Moore, Jas. C. Moore, John M. Moriarity, Jas. E. Moriarity, Jno. T. Muleady, F. P. Muleady, James Murray, Jas. Myer, Prank C, Jr. Naughton, Thos. Noonan, Wm. J. O'Heran, Jno. M. O'Heran, Harry Pembroke, Jno. E. Powers, Maurice P. Pryczynski, Jno. L. Reedy, Daniel L. Robb, Jervil J. Rork, Prank A. Ruehle, E. C. Russel, Chas. R. Ryan, J. A. Ryan, Walter B. Scherer, Louis E. Scherer, Raymond C. Scott, D. L. Scott, L. B. Shafer, A. N. Shea, Edward Sheehan, Emmett Leo Smith, John T. Smith, Willis P. Stengel, Leo Stengel, Raymond Swisher, Emmett J. Swisher, Joseph Tauber, Wm. E. Taylor, James R. Trierweiler, Alfred C. Vollmer, John J. Walmsley, Carl Walmsley, Harry W. Walser, Bernard A. WemhofC , Merrill F. Wolfe, Matt. E. Zellar, George A. Adolf s, William P. Amen, Donald P. Amburn, Thos. H. Anderson, Geo. M. Anerino, Frank Badamo, Anthony Barry, T. P. 583 QUINCY, Quincy Berter, Carl B. Boll, Henry, Jr. Booke, Henry Bringaze, Walter Brink, Eugene Budke, Frederick H. Carroll, Hugh Cunnana, Geo. Daniels, Patrick J. Dillon, Victor A. Drier, Herbert Duan, John J. Dunker, Leonard Durham, B. O. 598 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Ehrhart, Theodore Ehrhart, Herbert Elzi, Alois H. Folz, L. A. Freiburg, Otto Freiburg, Max E. Gehring Ralph Hamilton, Roy P. Heckenkamp, Geo. Heinze, Frank L. Heinze, Herbert O. Hoye, Emmett L. Huck, Oscar P. Kelly, John F. Klein, Paul Klene, Rudolph Koch, Dr. John A. KoUmeyer, Carl Kroeger, Geo. L. Kroner, August F. Kroner, Albert F. Kurz, L. Herbert Langen, S. C. Lawler, Frank Linneman, Otto C Malley, Charles F. Mast, August J. McCoy, Paul C. McGartland, Ira Meis, Edgar Menke, Carl W. Metzger, Walter A. Middendorf, Roger Middendorf , Leo H. Moller, C. H. Morris, Evan F. Mushold, Andrew J. O'Brien, Patrick H. O'Brien, Daniel O'Farrell, Harris Otten, John L. Keed, Robert C. Reinhart, Albert Reinhart, Walter Roberts, Chas. E. Rummenie, Carl A. Rupp, Albert Ryan, Chas. Schaepers, James Schlangen, Joseph Schutte, Lawrence G. Sibbing, Arthur Smith, Thomas E. Soebbing, John R. Sohm, Geo. J. Spettnagel, Carl Stegemen, Albert J. Stroot, Alphonse Sullivan, Thomas F. Tushans, Norbert VanSteel, Virgil V. Weisehorn, Paul Wenising, William Wilds, Charles E. Wilson, William F. Wilson, E. James Winter, George J. Wiskirchen, R. W. 592 EAST ST. LOUIS, East St. Louis Ahearn, Maurice B. Ahearn, M. T. Altragge, Grover J. Becherer, Arthur J. Beykirch, A. B. Beykirch, Jos. Bishop, E. G. Boyne, Dr. W. W. Brennan, Michael E. Brennan, R. J. Burke, Alfred J. Butler, M. J. Carroll, Dr. P. J. Casey, D. F. Cay, Walter L. Coonan, John Paul Coonan, Thos. F. Costello, John J. Costello, Em. C. Cullen, J. C. CuUen, James C. Cullen, Jos. M. Davis, O. Dawling, M. E. A. Dichhaus, A. J. Dittemmier, Wm. J. Donahue, Jas. J. Dowling, L. M. Ellis, Edward F. Edinger, Fred W. Fallon, Wm. Fay, Edward F. Fay, Leo J. Flanagan, Peter M. Plannery, "Vincent H. Fitzpatrick, J. P. Fitzgerald, M. T. Fitzpatrick, J. F. E'lood, Harry Frlnn, R. L. Gallen, Wm. M. Geppert, J. Griffin, Richard Hallihan, W. A. Halpin, C. C. Hamberg, Harry J. Hanlihan, John F. Harris, Chas. E. Hayes, Daniel W. Hayes, E. C. Hodder, R. C. Hogan, Dr. J. M. Holten, Chas. P. Holten, Jos. J. Hopkins, Clyde F. Houlihan, Martin Hubbard, Thos. M. Huette, Robert B. Kane, Kevin J. Kearns, H. W. Keefe, Robert Keeley, J. J. Kerins, James J. Kinney, J. J. Klinger, Otto A. Krebs, "Thos. E. Labbe, Alfred T. Leonard, Geo. R. Lewis, J. J. McGlynn, Jos. B. Madigan, C. V. Madraw, Perry F. McHale. E. R. McHale, James A. McMahon, Jos. R. Menges, Eugene Murphy, Gorman J. Murphy, John T. Murphy, Thos. W. Nebel, Geo. J. Nuetzel, P. Arlington O'Day, Edw. O'Leary, Jos. A. O'Leary, Robert E. O'Neill, P. A. O'Neill, T. P. Page, Wm. Payeur, Walter S. Poettgen, Jos. T. Prosser, Dr. T. J. Quick, Jos. L. Quick, Paul W. Quirk, John T. Ries, Carl H. Ronan, James K. Ryan, Dr. L. A. Smith, Geo. S. Stack, Edw. T. Stack, John J. Stack, Wm. T. Stemmley, Louis Sullivan, Geo. J. Sullivan, John A. Sullivan, W. J. Thomas, H. A. Toussaint, Frank A. Tray, Jos. A. Turner, Jos. E. Uhlschmidt, M. Vien, H. Grady Wall, W. D. Walsh, Edw. R. Wekemsn, Dr. C. W WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 599 Allen, Charles J. Allen, Vincent H. ^\mrein, George P. Battz, William Baezek, Frank H. Ballweber, Charles F. Bamberger, Joseph C. Bamberger, James E. Banker, F. J. Barbeauld, Frank M. Barlow, George A. Barlow, James J. Barlow, John J. Barlow, Simon J. Barlow, Thomas A. Barnes, John J. Barrett, Thomas J. Bettasso, Frank F. Birmingham, Wm. T. Bishoff, J. E. Bogan, William M. Boiling, Martin J. Bourke, James J. Boyle, Edward H. Brady, Edward M. Brady, Joseph V. Brannick, Michael Brennan, Herbert F. Brennan, James R. Brewer, Jesse J. Bretz, Harold E. Brogan, James F. Brophy, Philip H. Buckberg, William W. Buckley, James J. Buennagel, Carl J. Bugler, Dennis C. Burcher, Daniel W. Burchett, Robert R. Burke, Edmund J. Burke, Edward F. Burke, Michael J. Burke, Thomas J. Burkhart, W^illiam Burns, A. I. Burns, Edward J. Burns, Edward W. Burns, H. S. Byrne, Robert J. Byrnes, John H. Byrnes, Arthur R. Byrnes, W. M. K. Cahill, Edw. J., Jr. Callaghan, Paul J. Callaghan, T. A. Callaghan, Wm. J. Cambell, John A. Canty, Arthur E. Carey, William P. Carlin, Phil. J. Carnes, Lester H. Carroll, Joseph J. Carroll, William J. Garten, Reynolds F. Carullo, R. B. Casey, James J. Casey, James P. 632 CALUMET, Chicago Casey, Michael L. Casey, William P. Charboneau, Eugene Choutka, James J. Clancy, James A. Clancy, Joseph L. Clark, Edward Clark, John J. C. Cleary, William J. Clough, Ralph E. Colgan, Daniel J. Colligan, Thomas M. Conley, Philip J. Connelly, James J. Connors, James W. Conwell, Lindus W. Cooney, Vincent P. Corcoran, John P. Corcoran, John W. Cossar, George R. Costello, Raymond H. Cotter, Charles A. Coughlin, George E. Coughlin, Thomas J. Coughlin, Wm. J. Courkan, Thomas J. Courtney, John M. Crowley, Martin J. Crowell, Raymond T. Crowell, Thomas R. Crowely, Charles D. Ciowley, John C. Cuchna, Fred C. Cuculich, Matthew W. Cullen, Harry E. Cullerton, Francis J. Curren, Charles W. Curren, Wm. M. J. Curtis, James T. Daly, Charles A. Daly, John J. Daly, Martin J. Daly, Thomas D. Danaher, Thomas E. Davis, Christopher J. Deany, Herbert J. De Celles, Joseph H. Delaney, John Delberto, Joseph A. De Lude, Joseph A. De Marais, Fiank J. De Merse, John P. De Sloover, Herman Dignan, Patrick Dineen, James J. Dineen, P. J. Dinn, Thomas J. Dodd, Brendon J. Dodd, Patrick J. Dolan, William S. Doorley, Charles M. Doorley, James A. Donohue, L. J. Donohue, Daniel J. Donovan, J. .J. Donovan, Michael Doran, Hugh F. Dow ling, S. A. Doyle, John Doyle, Michael J. Doyle, Thomas Doyle, Thomas F. Drummond, Michael F. Duffy, Charles W. Duffy, Frank M. Duffy, Walter E. Dugan, James J. Dunckel, William G. Dwyer, Earl B. Dwyer, Leslie Earl, David C. Erwin, Richard B. Egan, John F. Ellemont, Thomas W. Elword, LeRoy F. English, George R. Ennis, Thomas F. Erdman, William E. A. Ernst, Edward H. Erwin, Edward C. Erwin, Richard B. Erwin, William A. Etzkorn, John E. P'arrelly, Joseph L. Finley, Orville Finn, Michael J. Fitzgerald, William J. Fitzgibbons, Frank J. Fitzgibbons, Gerald A. Fitzgibbons, Maurice Fitzmaurice, John A. Flaherty, James J. Flannagan, Michael J. Flannery, John J. Flannery, Patrick Flynn, Daniei Foley, Michael T. Ford, Leo J. Frazier, Claud T. Galvin, Paul B. Ganley, Patrick Garvey, Gerald J. Gaynor, William T. Geary, E. J. Gerrity, James F. Gillespie, Myron F. Gilroy, John F. Glynn, Martin J. Goldrick, John Gomes, Earl S. Grannon, Clarence E. Grant. Richard J. Grant, Thomas P. Grennan, Fred J. Guerin, John J. Haas, Martin J. Halm, James A. Hallard, William M. Hand, John P. Handley, Thomas Hanzik, Joseph F. Hanley, J. P. Hanley, Paul E. Hanrahan, Joseph W. 600 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Hanrahan, R. J. Han ton, John P. Harley, Michael J. Harmon, William B. Hartnett, BenJ. A. Hassett, Thomas J. Haugh, Cornelius F. Hayes, James L. Healy, Earl B. Hector, Sylvester T. Heffernan, William E. Helbing, Harry W. L. Hellison, James J. Hunt, Arnold S. Hurley, Michael J. Hurley, Roy Hynes, Francis M. Ingram, John L. Inlow, Herman T. Isle, George H. Issac, William R. Ives, Joseph F. James, Charles A. Johnson, Vincent T. Jones, John A. Jones, William Koplow, Fred W. Kossack, Stanley J Lamb, Joseph Lambert, H. C. LaScheiva, John Lahey, Charles A. Landvogt, P. J. Lauer, Robert J. Laughlin, Daniel J. Lavin, Joseph P. Lavin, Patrick J. Leahy, Matthew A. Lee, Harold 't> ^■f'j-- ,.-"•5-^4 ?a:%£^^ iSPfai^f %-^%,:: '>^:^'^ ■.^.^-^^ :-* :s%i '-xm!! ,-^i. 'w^- ^^^m/^ '€&**<:: Verdun the Focal Point of German Attacks. Hendricks, Charles E. Hennelly, Thomas D. Hennessey, George B. Hennessey, James J. Henning, Leo A. Hermann, William W. Hett, John Hewson, Joseph E. Hickey, James A. Higgins, Lawrence A. Hill, Frank, Jr. Hoffman, R. C. Hogan, John Hogland, John A. Holleran, Charles P. Hollowed, James A. Hoy, Frank H. Joyce, Edward J. Joyce, Thomas A. Keane, Frank P. Keegan, Arthur E. Keegan, Thomas J. Kelleher, F. B. Kelley, John J. Kelley, Michael A. Kelly, B. J. Kelly, Thomas F. Kennedy, Joseph Kennedy, Michael P. Kimbell, Arthur W. Kirby, James J. Kirk, Arthur M. Kirk, George A. Kirk, James P. Lee, Howard J. Lee, John F. Leinehan, Richard W. Lickenbaugh, Geo. A. Lindley, Stuart S. Little, Emmet Little, James Long, Michael L. Lowery, Thomas M. Lull, John M. Lyons, John J. Lynch, James J. Lynch, Owen Lynch, P. J. Lynch, Thomas J. Lyons, Lawrence J. Mahoney, Archlbold WAR^THE ROLL OF HONOR 601 Mahoney, John J. Mahoney, John J. Mahoney, Valerian C. Maloney, F. W. Malooly, James A. Manning, Michael Maroney, James M. Maroney, John J. Maroney, Thomas J. Mattingley. H. B. Mausen, Henry Maxwell, Albert H. Meehan, William C. Mellon, Charles E. Meredith, John Mertes, Joseph P. Miller, Anthony R. Miller, Rudolph Miscoll, John Miskell, George C. Moher, William D. Morin, Earl H. Morrisey, Edward P. Morrisey, John P. Morrissey, James J. Morrissey, Mark M. Mosher, Harry Mulkeen, John Mullaney, Anthony J. Mullaney, John J. MuUins, George C. Murphy, George J. Murphy, John K. Murphy, Matthew D. Murphy, Michael P. Murphy, W. E. McCarthy, John J. McCauley, Edward J. McCollum, Robert J. McCoullough, Harry E McCoullough, John C. McCoullough, L. A. McCoullough, Wm. E. McCoy, Charles F. McCudden, Edward F. McDavid, William McDowell, John J. McDermott, William J. McDonough, Barnard J. McDonough, John E. McDonough, Frank McDonnell, Edward F. McFarland, Patrick McGee, John A. McGlave, Bernard McGoldrick, Charles McGonigal, Frank J. McGrath, Robert E. McGrath, Florence J. McGuinness, Bern'rd P. McGuire, Edward M. McHough, Patrick J. Mclnerney, George F. Mclnerny, Charles D. Mclnerny, Thomas D. McKee, Thomas J. McKenna, John C. McKeon, James J. McMahon. Patrick J. McManas, Thomas J. McMeel, Bern'd F. McNaliy, Edward McNally, Thomas G. McNamara, Robert E. McNamara, Thomas J. McNulty, Cletus J. McNulty, John O. McShane, Edwin J. McSweeney, William Nastari, August Nichols, John G. Nolan, Sylvester J. Noonan, Francis T. Noonan, Thomas Leo. Norton, Charles A. Novakowski, Kazimer Nyren, Chester E. O'Brien, Austin J. O'Brien, Frank A. O'Brien, James F. O'Brien, W. L... Jr. O'Brien, Wm. P. O'Bryan, R. F. O'Callahan, John O'Connor, Charles B. O'Connell, Daniel O'Connell, Edmond B. O'Connell, Joseph E. O'Connor, Gerald O'Connor, John J. O'Connell, Marshel W. O'Connell, John J. O'Connell, John T. O'Connell, J. William O'Connell, Simon C. O'Connor, T. E. O'Donnell, Thomas O'Hagen, E. J. O'Hagen. James P. O'Hara, John O'Hare, John O'Keefe, Leslie J. O'Leary, Timothy O'Malley, Edward A. O'Malley, John J. O'Malley, Michael F. O'Malley, Walter J. O'Malley, William O'Neil, Edward S. O'Neil, Thomas Ording, Edward J. Oroflno, Louis O'Shea, Lawrence P. O'Shaughnesey, Jas. J. Owens, Frank A. Owens, John H. Pajkowski, Frank T. Paprzycki, Joseph Parent, Eugene J. Paulding, Beryhold M. Payne, John H. Penn, Andrew J. Peoples, John D. Perdisatt, Edward Perry, T. N. Petry, Frank L. Petrie, J. A. Pfundstine, Stephen Phillips, Patrick J. Pilot, John J., Jr. Plant, William J. Powers, Matthew M. Prendergast, Richard Purcell, James R. Quinn, Andrew Quinn, Daniel J. Quinn, Frank Quinn, James A. Quinn, Walter T. Quinn, William E. Ready, Charles H. Regan, John T. Regan, William F. Reidy, Arthur W. Reilly, Michael J. Rice, Michael J. Rimmele, Edmond H. Rimmele, William E. Ritter, William J. Rogers, Edward J. Ross, George O. Roth, Eugene J. Rowan, Harold J. Rowan, John J. Rudolph, Joseph Ryan, Richard J. Rylands, James A. Sanford, Maurice E. Schaeffer, J. Edwin Schick, Harry G. Schick, Phillip Schied, Frank C. Schultz, Herman J. Semrau, Sigmund F. Shaughennsy, Edw J. Shea. Thomas F. Sheehan, William J. Sherlock, Charles W. Shine, Joseph B. Shirley, James E. Sloey, E. J. Smith, Charles P. S. Smith, Emmet B. Smith, Leo J. Smith, Maurice T. Stanton, Joseph E. M. St. Clair, Robert Stewart, George E. Stokes, Mark D. Styler, John G. Sullivan, Robert E. Supple, Leo. Talbot. N. J. Talbot, Jerome P. Tatzrelter, Joseph Thomatz, Frank M. Thomatz, John T. Tiernan, John C. Timmons, Walter Trant, Richard M. Travers, Thomas A. Urban, Charles H. Varley, John L. Victory, John M. Vigllett), Louis Vilchuck, John Waldron, H. J. 602 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Walsh, David Walsh, Prank J. Walsh, John C. Walsh, John F. Walsh, Sinon J. Walsh, Thomas J. Walsh, Thomas J. Walters, Charles Ward, Timothy J. Warren, Grant Watson, John R. Weber, Edward F. Whalen, John A. Whalen, John H. Whalen, Maurice E. Whitechurch, W. J. Wieland, John E. Wolff, Thomas F. Woolley, Michael J. Wren, Thomas Wiot. Richard A. Zarnecke, Stanley Zeiser, Edward J. Zimmer, Edward J. Zimmer, J. R. 634 STARVED ROCK, Ottawa Ainsley, C. W. Armstrong, Samuel J. Aussem, Albert J. Aussem, Arthur D. Baldwin, Frank J. Baldwin, Jas. P. Baldwin, John E. Barrett, Edw. J. Boyle, Dan. Boyle, F. A. Boyle. Harry J. Boyle, Jas. A. Boyle, Peter F. Brunnick, Thos. S. Butler, Cletus N. Butler, Wm. J. Cassidy, John E. Conway, Harry J. Corcoran, John F. Cordan, Edw. P. Costello, Theo. E. Crowley, Ernest E. DeBolt, Edw. M. Dondanville, Lawrence Dunn, Edw. J. Dunn, Jas. Jos. Dwyer. Redmond J. Dwyer, Wm. J. Farrell, John J. Feehan, John W. Fitzmaurice, Patrick Fox, Francis F. Fuller, John J. Gahan, Cornelius Gerding, Arthur D. Gerding, Fred W. Haley, Daniel E. Hart, Wm. Heiser, Fred Helffrich, Aug. J. Helffrich, Geo. R. Hundley, Ira Jugenitz, Geo. Kelly, Emmett J. Kelly, Jas. Dennis Kelly, Edw. J. Kelly, Harry F. Kelley, Jos. A. Kelly, Michael Kuhn, Walter J. Leamy, Thos. B. Leix, D. J. Lowe, John B. Madigan, Timothy F. Maierhofer, Ray Marco, Edw. McBlroy, J. W. McGinnis, John S. McGrath, Frank W. McNamara, Frank J. McNamara, Thos. J. Meyers, Giles F. Midnight, Carl M. Mooney, Jos. B. Moran, Emmet J. Murphy, Wm. Murry, John J. Jr. Nertley, Kenneth O'Connell, Jeffery O'Connell, T. J. O'Connors, Barth'mew O'Connors, Jas. P. O'Meara, Jas. Phelan, Thos. J. Riordon, Daniel Ryan, Edw. T. Sanders, Geo. R. Santucci, Mike Scannell, John M. Scherer, Fred Jr. Schiffgens, Jos. M. Schwarzbach, Gust. E. Sexton, Bryan J. Smart, Edw. J. Sprague, F. M. Sprague, Wm. F. Sullivan, E. F. Sullivan, Walter J. Thumm, John Vignochi, Ettore White, Edwin T. White, Matthew E. Wolf, Elmer D. Whyte, Jas. Jos. Anderson, George Berg, Louis J. Braesch, George Brady, L. J. Buckley, L. Boyle, Jno. J. Bresnahan, P. Brown, Thos. A. Brown, M. Chalifoux, W. Cannon, Jos. A. Carroll, Walter P. Chouinard, F. G. Collins, n. E. Condon, Thos. Cronin, P. J. Crowley, M. M. Cullen, Thos. Collins, W. J. Cunningham, Thos. 650 DAMEN, Chicago Coady, P. DeLong, Thos. J. Doherty, Jno. Duffy, Owen P. Duffy, S. B. Dwyer, Harry Dwyer, R. J. Egan, Wm. M. Ehlen, M. Flannigan, Thos. J. Flannigan, Thos. W. Gallagher, John H. Geraghty, M. J. G. Goldrick, Wm. S. Gorman, W. J. Hamilton Hannugan, Jos. M. Hannon, Jos. J. Hardyman, E. L. Hardyman, Jos. Hardyman, Jno. Harrington, E. W. Hennessy, Ed. Henahan, M. L. Higgins, Frank Hussey, B. J. Kane, James Kearins, M. J. Lappert, F. J. Lanth, Jos. N. Logan, R. G Maher, Thos. J. Marsolais, Ed. L. Mooney, Jos. A. Mooney, Thos. J. Morrison, Jos. M. Mullen. P. J. McFadden, M. M. McDonald, W. J. McHugh, Jno, WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 603 McElligott, Thos. M. McEnery, Eugene McEvoy, F. E. McEvoy, Pat McGeever, S. M. IVlcGorey, J. J. McGlinchy, John McLaughlin, Luke O'Brien, Ray O'Connell, A. E. O'Connell, James O'Grady, P. O'Neill, James O'Neill, John O'Shea, Prank O'Heron. E. T. Pitkin, J. Prindiville, F. G. Prince, H. Quinn, A. J. Ryan, J. P. Reidy, H. P. Reidy, William Riordan, James Rogan, J. E. Schumers, C. P. Shay, H. J. Shay, Wm. A. Stapleton, E. J. Stapleton, Thos. J. Stetcher, F. J. Stream, J. F. Sullivan, D. A. Sullivan, F. C. Sullivan, J. C. Smith, E. P. J. Smith, Thos. Sweeney, Edw. Tierney, T. I. Turner, E. V. Trucco, John Uhler, F. A. Walker, H. H. Wilson, L. T. Wroblewski, F. J. American Barracks Near Vladivostok, Siberia. German Prisoners Turned Over to Americans at Vladivostok. Balles, Frank C. Burns, Robert J. Bastian, Leo J. Bauch, Clement F. Bear, Edward J. Brown, George A. Burns, John J. Crosson, John C. Carey, Geo. T. Cooney, Francis J. Cox, George T. Flberle, Theo. A. Finn, Wm. J. Grant, John J., M.D. Grant, Arthur A. Grace, Earl 653 FREEPORT, Freeport Hogan, James B. Hailen, C. J. Joyce, John Joyce, Thomas Kleckner, Hugh C. Lamm, Elmer J. Lamm, George E. Lane, Hugh T. Lichtenberger, H A. Lonergan, George H. Lordan, Harry L. Love, Francis W. Luceke, Robert G. Michel, Albert J. Monahan, John A. O'Connor, James F. Osborne, W. J. Owen, Donald E. Parker, Donald B. Raders, Clement L. Ratz, Matthew A. Saur, Edwin Scheldt, Harry G. Shook, Edmund F. Shook, George W. Smith, John J. Snyder, Clarence J. Stack, Robert M. Stevens, W. R. Thro, Glennan Wheeler, Dee G. Beckman, Carl J. Bowen, Fred Brown, Forest Casson, Thos. F. Christie, Earl Cosgrove, Chas. W. Costello, James F. DilloD, Wilford J. 654 ELGIN, Elgin Dugas, Joyce Duppler, Edwin L. DuMont. Jos. F. Dunne, Frank E. Ferron. Eugene P. Fiske, Edward W. Fiske, Daniel J. Foley, Bernard K. Higgins, Raymond Hines, Raphael Hoelscher, Edw. M. Hoban, Thos. Howell, Jas. A. S. Hulburt. Donald A. Jones, Wm. Kelley, Earl J. 604 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Kelley, Elmer C. Kelley, Ivan J. Kemler, Robert Kemler, Wm. P. Kirkpatrick, Geo. M. Klebes, Arthur W. Liemieaux, Phillip Mann, Leo P. McArdle, Harry McCarty, Frank McCarthy, John V. McEnerney, Jas. McOsker, Edw. J. Meenaugh, Edward A. Mullen, Henry Mumme, Wm. J. Norton, Eugene O'Conner, Thornton O'Leary, Wm. O'Neil, Wm. O'Rourke, Frank Osborne, Harry J. Parker, Arthur Peabody, John Perce, Wm. E. Pond, Clifford Rogers, John J. Rogers, Thos. B. Ryan, Jeremiah Ryan, Wm. B. Schlager, Paul E. Scott, Walter A. Sensor, Edw. Smith, Raymond Sullivan, Albert Walker, John L. Walsh, Edwin A. Wellnitz, Jos. Westerman, Arthur Westerman, Frank J. 658 ALLOUEZ, Rock Island Archer, Walter Auld, Grover Auld,Herbert Barnett, Ray Bartley, J. J. Beecher, Wm. M. Billesbach, Jos. Boyd, Dan J. Burgart, Dan J. Burton, Edward Bleuer, Arthur Burton, Ray Bredar, Jos. L. Brennan, D. K. Brennan, F. V. Brennan, R. J. Brennan, T. A. Brough, W. S. Brown, E. D. Campana, George Cavanaugh, E. K. Corken, Dan. Dietz, Leo. DeMuynck, A. E. Donovan, Con. Dower, W. M. Enright, Con. Flaherty, Jos. Frisch, Peter Gannon, Leo Garlock, Geo. Geiger, Frank Goepel, Ray Gredar, B. L. Haberlau, W. E. Heideman, Francis Heideman, William Higgins, H. C. Hippler, Claude Holtzer, Albert Huber, J. L. Hughes, James Hulsbrink, Arthur Kail, J. Raymond Kale, Peter Kale, William R. Kelleher, T. L. Klise, Chas. Klugger, F. L. Lachner, Dr. B. J. Lanaghan, Emmet Lanaghan, William Larkin, Willard Lerch, Ed. Leins, K. E. Lyons, John V Mansfield, Jay Maroney, J. 3.\^ Marriott, C. J. ^^ Martin, Ralph Meehan, Ed. Mielke, F. W. Miller, Roy A. , Molinelli, Jasper Murphy, Jos. Murrin, Russell McCorgary, D. P. McBniry, J. McEniry, William McGinnis, Chas. H. POi (/feo McGinnis, J. F. Mclntyre, L. W. McLeod, William D. Negro, A. G. Newberry, George M. O'Brien, Niel O'Brien, W. S. O'Connor, Jerome O. O'Hare, Russell Posateri, Jos. idy, Ben' oach, Ben Roche, John Rosenfleld, C. C. Russell, M. J. Russell, P. J. Sage, Hollister Savadge, Louis Sexton, P. N. Schaatz, Harry Schaab, Jr., Jos. Shaffer, Harry Sheehan, J. Leo. Smith, J. S. Smith, William A. Stapleton, Dan H. Sterbinsky, W. K. Ware, C. F. Ware, William Welch, Ralph Wheelan, C. W. Zwicker, C. J. Zwicker, C. T. Baujan, G. O. Baujan, H. C. Baujan, F. W. Blackburn, Will 661 BEARDSTOWN, Beardstown O'Neal, J. T. Grammon, A. F. O'Donnell, Harry E. Market, Anton Frank Brown, Walter W. Ring, Albert B. Doyle, Frank Barry, Edward P. Brown, Sherman J. Conlon, Thomas F. Conlon, William J. 662 STERLING, Sterling Costello, Patrick Courtney, John J. Carney, James J. Dieterle, Anson Duffle, John J., Jr. Duffle, Frank J. Eberhardt, LeRoy J. Enright, Frank J. WAR^THE ROLL OF HONOR 605 Fitzgerald, Gregory P. Pehrenbacher, Jos. H. Fehrenbacher, John L. Flock, Leo G. Gebhardt, Nathan Graff, John J. Gronis, Paul Heigel, Frank Henry, Leo J. Heckman, Vincent Kannally, Vincent E. Ivannally, Leo L. Killen, James E. Kilday, Herbert J. Lesher, Grover Mee, S. T. McCormick, Joseph P. McCormick, Peter J. McCue, James J. McBride, Ellsworth L. O'Connell, Edward O'Hare, Peter J. Pittman, Jas. W. Real, John J. Real, Harry N. Rourke, Frank J. Sullivan, Gerald L. Sechler, Edwin C. Tehan, Francis Tyne, Frank J. V^an De Mark, Arthur J. Weber, Henry J. Williams, Eugene C. Wahl, Leo J. Wahl. Fred W. Wilkinson, John G. 663 CARLINVILLE, Carlinville Ackerman, William Bart, Fred Bloomfield, Charles B. Bloomfield, James R. Bloomfield, Thomas M. Boente, Hugo Caveny, Malcom P. Caveny, Lawrence S. Cruise, Michael L. Duggan, Charles Duggan, Edward Dunn, John Dunsworth, James P. Formea, Joseph Geers, George F. Godar, Andrew Howie, James Kaufman, John E. Madden, James Madden, John March, Joseph B. Meyers, Fred Murphy, Herbert Pranger, Peter J. Redington, William Robinson, James L. Ryan, Richard Ryan, Thomas Schoettler, John Seyf rit, Edward Seyf rit, Frank Snerringer, Sylvester Stewart, George Vaughn, Andrew J. Westmeier, Dr. G. W. Zipprick, Frank 665 EFFINGHAM, Effingham Adams, Leo Adams, Louis Althoff, Bernard C. Bauers, Frank Bauers, Geo. H. Bechler, Jos. Began, Jos. M. Began, Louis E. Bergfeld, John H. Bergfeld, Vincent Berning, Herman Bunnekemper, Frank Cafferty, Eugene Carey, Donald J. Casselman, Clarence Casselman, John H. Deach, Leon Dial, Leo M. Dirks, Joseph Eckjans, Joseph H. Engbring, G. H. Ewers, Frank F. Feldhake, Frank Feldhake, Fred B. Feldhake, Leo J. Feldhake. Paul Flach, Arthur Gebben, Henry Gruel, Alfred Gruel, C. P. Hoedebecke, B. A. Hoffman, Edward Hoffman, Theo. G. Imming, Leo G. Kahts, Louis Keane, Jos. T. Kemme, Aloys Renter, Jos. Renter, Wm. Restendorf , Aloys H. Roebble, Stephen Rroes, John B. Kuntz, Jos. F. Ludwig, Edward Ijudwig, John H. Merz, Henry McCoy, Wm. B. McDevitt, Thos. A. Miller, Louis Mussman, Harry C. Myers, Jos. C. Myers, Wm. F. Osthoff, A. A. Poepplemeyer, Ed N. Poepplemeyer, Fred Prummer, Edward Roedell, August Roedell, Jos. A. Roedell, Louis R. Roetker, Henry W. Schleper, Frank Schoenhoff, Jos. Schmerman, Anton Sharp, Jos. S. Stockman, Clarence C. Thies, Edw. Thoele, Chas. H. Thoele, John J. Thoele, Louis H. IJnderriner, Alfred Underriner, Edwin Underriner, Wm. P. Walhermfechtel, H. Wiedeman, Albert Wiedeman, Clem J. Wiedeman, John C. Wiedeman, Leo W. Wooley, Alfonso Willenburg.Lawrence Zerrusen, Fred Zacha, Chas. M. 682 PIERRE GIBAULT, Macomb Abrams, Chas. Arnold, Ernest Arnold, Herman Braun, George Burke, Joe Crawford, Erhman Crawford, Louis Dawson, Lewen Doran, Dan Roch, George McCouet, Frank McKenna. Peter Murphy, Louis Itoark, Louis Sharman, Oliver Tiernan, C. J. Tiernan, H. P. Woerley, Martin 606 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Arnould, Ray- Barry, Edwin Barry, Wm. J., Jr. Blackburn, Harry Blackburn, M. D. Curran, Frank Curran, Hugh Curran, J. R. Dixon, Sherwood Duffy, Hugh Enichen, Fred Fielding, J. C. Finlan, Raymond Fitzsimmons, Frank Fitzsimmons, Royal J. Gorham, Frank J. 690 DIXON, Dixon Harkins, James Harrington, F. L. Haynes, Francis Hogan, Harry Jeaujuenot, Elmer Judd, Martin Kennedy, Wm. P. Lof tus, Wm. Long, Richard Lynch, Richard Mahan, John Mahan, Jos. Mahan, Wm. McCoy, Frank J. McCoy, Lawrence Mclntyre, Daniel Mclntyre, Harold Mclntyre, J. J. Murphy, Henry J. O'Malley, Andrew O'Malley, Urban Penrose, Wm. L. Phalen, Peter Reilly, Philip Reilly, Richard Reilly, Wm. E. Root, Edwin J. Root, Wm. Vaile, James Villiger, Jos. Young-, Wm. Company B, Zl^t Regiment in Action at Vladivostok, Siberia. Beggin, Thos. E. Berlage, Leo A. Bonnet, Bernard Budden, John Cleary, Jas. H. Corcoran, Walter Coveny, Edmund J. Creighton, Geo. P. Downs, Michael H. Eberhardt, Bernard Eberhardt, Philip Fickbohn, Harman F. Genz, Ado. A. Goodwin, Owen Hahn, Anton H. Harle, Herman 696 GALENA, Galena Hayes, Leo P. Heid. Frank Jacobson, Carl A. Korts, LeRoy B. Levens, Leo C. Meade, Harry E. McCarthy, F. D. McGrail, Leo McGraw, Edw. Miller, Geo. A. Nolan, Jas. A. Ortscheid, Francis J. Ortscheid, Jas. P. Rojeman, Julius H. Rouse, Clare F. Schnerre, Otto Schneider, Jos. A. Schoenhoff, Bern. Schoenhoff , Theo. H. Smith, Gervase Smith, Orrin Snyder, Ralph J. Strohmeyer, H. L. Sullivan, J. V. Talbert, Frank T. Talbert, Wm. R. Tobin, David B. Tyler, Irwin F. Weinen, Elmer White, A. T. White, W. C. WAR^THE ROLL OF HONOR 607 699 LITCHFIELD, Litchfield Ackerman, Chas. A. Aschbacher, John Bartman, Wm. C. Bierman, Prank X. Burns, Daniel Carroll, Edw. J, Carroll, Geo. A. Driscoll, John M. Driscoll, James Cooling', Clarence P. Fedor, John J. Felchner, Edw. A. Felchner, William Fischer, Chris C. Flynn, Geo. W. Ganey, Hugh R. Hagerty, Frank Hogan, John E. Heise, Charles J. Heise, Leo Hilger, Edw. B. Hughes, Hugh J. Koval, Stephen Klotz, Fred Kubayko, Andrew Lang, Chas. J. Leitschuh, Edward Leitschuh, Otto Macreiewski, Dan V. O'Brien, Wm. L. Orso, Anthony Reilly, J. Frank Schaefer, Edgar E. Schwab, Joseph J. Spinner, Joseph Tomsco, Joseph M. Bell, Everett C. Blount, James L. Buckley, H. D. Burns, Leonard S. Casey, F. L. Cassidy, Francis Clarke, Ben F. Crossen, Clifford Crossen, John R. Dowdal, Jos. J. Feldhans, Geo. Flatley, Dr. T. J. Flemming, P. J. Hamm, Louis Harper, R. M. Hartzell, Clark M. 716 LEO, Moline Hearn, F. J. Holmes, W. C. Kautz, Leo C. Kautz, Norris Keefe, Jas. Keefe, Paul Kidney, Dan King, Francis C. Krone, Ben J. McCasson, Henry F. McClellan, Ellerd McMahon, Paul Monaghan, Rev. D. F. Nesser, John O'Conner, Rev. L. M. Phelps, O. B. Philips, Frank Real, D. B. Ripperger, C. M. Ryan, Edw. J. Schneider, Anthony Schneider, John A. Scholtes, Fred W. Sill, H. J. Sullivan, John F. Vander Beke, Geo. E. Verbeckomes, Fred A. Von Wonterghem, C. Von Wonterghem, C. Willinging, E. W. Barr, Peter Philip Balers, Walter J. Beaton, James L. Beaton, Leonard Bollinger, Wm. N. Brennan, John J. Burke, Thos. E. Bresnahan, John Criswell, Lester Coffey, Albert Cozzoni, ijore Dayton, Ed Diedrick, Wm. Donavan, Leo Donlin, Michael Donnelly, Paul Doyle, Walter E. Duffy, Lawrence A. Dunleavy, Walter E. Fagan, N. C. Farley, Thos. Finnan, Francis Fitzgerald, John L. 717 DE KALB, De Kalb Flood, Martin Frizol, Robt. Gable, Otto Glass, Arthur J. Hart, Charles Hart, Edwin Hart, John C. Hickey, Francis Hogan, Wm. Hopkins, Henry T. Hopkins, John P. Jesperson, Emil Jordan, Leonard Kane, Dr. John R. Kennedy, Raymond R. Maher, Arthur J. McNamara, John T. Michaels, Paul Minnegan, Ross McMenamin, John E. Minneham, John P. Murray, Geo. P. Murray, John L. Norton, Robert Wm. O'Brien, Martin O'Brien, Paul T. O'Brien, Lt. Walter O'Connell, Francis M O'Connor, Diser C. Owens, Wm. H. Pauls, John Quinne, Clarence B. Riley, Wm. H. Rogers, Chas. Ryan, Eugene Sanders, Wm. Shafer, Floyd Shames, Anton Slicer, Albert Shoo, Albert Strobel, Wm. Tinley, John Twombly, John Welter, Louis Wildey, Russel N. 730 CHATSWORTH, Chatsworth Aaron, Ray Benway, Wm. Bergan, Jerome J. Bouhl, Edw. F. Bouhl, John J. Boma, Julius Brady, John J. Carlson, Herman L. Cooney, Earl T. Devylin, Francis J. Donovan, Harold P. Donovan, Jas. P. 608 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Dougan, Francis W. Endres, Jos. J. Freehill, Cletus P. Freehill, Harold Freehill, Peter LeRoy Ford, Dr. Jas. W. Gensheimer, Clement Gleason, Dennis J. Haberkorn, Adolph Herr, Jesse J. Herr, Stephen H. Kane, Clarence J. Kelly, John P. Kelly, Jos. M. Kerrins, Wm. P. Kuerrner, Martin D. Kurtenbach, Jas. B. Matt, Jos. A. Mauritzen, Jas. A. McNamara, John L. McGinn, Wm. J. Meister, Dr. Earl E. Molloy, Thos. W. Oliver, Jas. F. Robinson, Geo. V. Russell, John P. Ryan, Jas. L. Schumaker, Frank J. Storr, August Strannigan, J. Earl Walters, Anthony Weber, Geo. Welch, David Weller, Alotzius 731 WAUKEGAN, Waukegan Barry, Donald Beckman, Chas. Bidinger, Edwin Birney, David J. Brolly, John Burke, James Bushaw, Wm. H. Callahan, John Conole, Henry Cooley, Geo. Dady, Robert Daluga, Leo Deady, Jas. H. Dean, Jas. H. Dietmeyer, Fred Dietmeyer, Geo. Dilger, Nicholas Dircks, Rudolph H. Doll, Albert W. Donaher, Sarsfleld Doney, Raymond D. Drummond, Chas. Durkin, Edward Durkin, Geo. L. Durst, Edward Durst, Harold Fenton, Daniel Fitzgerald, Wm. Foley, Dr. J. C. P'ox, LeRoy Fraher, Patrick Gallagher, Albert Ginnlin, Austin Gillan, Louis Goldschmidt, John Gust, Michael Handlik, Frank A. Hanley, Jos. P. Hayden, Thos. Heath, Edward Hefferman, Wm. J. Henkle, Henry Hennessey, Jas. L. Hessling, Anthony Hinkle, Henry HofE , Fred Houpt, Richard Hughes, Casimir Ignatz, Frank Jantzen, Jos. Jedrich, Jos. Kehoe, Jos. Kehoe, Moses Keller, Chester Keller, John Kelly, Hugh Kelly, John Kelly. Raymond Kenna, Clarence Kennedy, John Kent, Thos. Klawetter, Andrew Koldeschmidt, Nich. Kram, John O. Kurtz, Robert Lange, Chas. Latz, Leonard Lovergne, E. L. Lucken, Edwin J. Malloy, John Merchant, Thos. Merriman, Harry McAulifEe, Frank McCann. Thos. McGinnis, Wm. McGueniss, Wm. McMahon, Frank McShane, Edward McShane, Walter Meehan, Martin G. Miller, Edward Mitchell, Fred Mohrman, Cyril Moran, Geo. Moore, Marshall Mulhall, Jas. E. Murphy, Patrick Nolan, Arnold O'Brien, Jas. A. O'Brien, Jos. O'Connor, John L. O'Neil, Jos. Paulson, Raymond Pilon, Eugene Raiden, Earl Reilly, Raymond Schott, Eugene Schroeder, Daniel L. Schumacher, David Serro, Carl Sharp, John Shea, Harold Shea, Leo Smith, Leo Smith, Walter Spiregil. Lawrence Sullivan, Chas. Sullivan, Jos. Sweeney, Jos. Thoman, David Thorp, Raymond Tiernan, Geo. Tiernan, Robert Tidy, John Touchette, Geo. Toulouse, Wilfred Tuel, Wm. Wagner, Irving Wallin, Frank Waldron, Patrick Walker, Chas. Warth, Wm. Weis, Alexander Welch, LeRoy Wilhelm, Edward Wogt, Edwin 734 SANTA MARIA, Kewanee Allard, John Annesley, L. Bailey, Herbert Blachinsky, Richard Barnes, Bernard Bourne, F. H. Barry, J. J. Brady, J. T. Brady, E. F. Brandt, Leo Carroll, W. E. Cavanaugh, B. M. Christian, Clarence Coggins, Richard Coggins. Herbert Colby, John Cromien, George DePauw, Charles Dwyer, L. H. Elliott, James Elliott, James Engle, Edward Finnegan, L. Fischer, Dr. H. L. WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 609 Gilshenen, L. J. Girvin, Thos. Graham, David Graham, E. J. Gulshen, Bert Hagerty, Clement Haley, R. T. Harney. Charles Hanson, B. F. Hewitt, Dr. J. M. Hirner, A. J. Horton, C. B. Junis, C. G. Junis, John Krumtinger, Frank McAuliffie, A. M. McGinn, J. McGuire, Roy McGuire, Steve Murphy, John O'Brien, Leo O'Grady, J. J. Quinn, Charles Real, Mike Toomey, F. W. Tremondt, Frank VerBeck, Frank Welsh, R. J. Cannon, Neil Curran, George Downs, Ray Dwan, Harry Dwyer, Joseph P. Hallott, John Harlow, Albert 735 BELVIDERE, Belvidere Harlow, Robert Kehoe, Chas. Kennedy, William Masterson, Walter Meehan, William J. Neal, William Poulton, Jesse Poulton, Warren Soost, Carl Thomas, James White Emmett White, Leo Artlip, Edward F. Allen, Harley Barry, Edward R. Beringer, P. M. Corcoran, John B. Coughlin, Paul J. Crimmins, Robt. E. Coleman, John Condon, John Davis, D. W. Dickes, Leo J. Draudt, Edward Duffy, Harry Downs, Albert T. Esser, Jos. J. Ksser, Wm. G. Enbody, Maurice Elrick, Albert Plynn, Earl J. Flynn, Wm. J. Flannigan, Chas. J. Grass, Chas. 736 AURORA, Aurora Gatley, John Gatley, Wm. L. Heintz, Arthur Hollon, Roy C. Howard, Ray Hillman, J. E. Hannon, Francis E. Hoffman, C. M. Hickey, Robert Hermes, Nic. M. Jones, John Kaiser, Wm. J. Kleinfeldt, C. H. Keeley, Geo. Kettenhofen, Fred S. Kleinfeldt, John F. Keeley, Harry Kartheiser, Frank L. Leon, Nicholas J. Lahr, M. J. Lies, William J McCarthy, John McDonald, Donald E. Milke, John J. Murphy, Harry Murrin, Ed Miller, H. H. Nickson, A. R. O'Conner, Chas. A. O'Grady, Maurice O'Niell, Roy Ploger, Ralph Purcell, Ed. J. Purcell, T. F. Pregel, Joe, Jr. Propernick, A. A. Ruddy, Walter J. Riley, C. L. Reising, Harry A. Sherman, A. E. Sullivan, Tom Wieler, Michael Wiltgen, Jos. J. Wilson, S. F. Brannigan, Wm. T. Brannigan, Frank W. Clark, Wm. E. Callahan, Lyman P. Fannelli, Ralph J. 740 KEENAN, Amboy Kelleher, Jos. J. Kelleher, Edw. T. Lavelle, Thos. J. Lupton, Jos. M. McGowan, John M. Oester, A. J. Sendgreth, Michael H. Sendgrith, Anton P. Vassen, Frank J. 745 ST. VIATEUR'S, Kankakee Ader, Frank C. Beland, Louis Benoit, I. H. Benoit, Wilfred A. Bergin, Rev. W. J. Berns, L. W. Bernier, Ed Brosseau, Hubert Bukowski, Geo. B. Bukowski, Martin A. Burch, Geo. A. Burns, James T. Cannon, Dr. W. P. Caron, Victor E. Chamberlain, Leo Cloonen, James Cloonen, Edw. E. Cnudde, Henry A. Croissant, Emile J. Crapo, Frank J. Corbett, James C. Courville, Lionel Demack, Geo. E., Jr. Dermody, Frank E. Dillon, R. L. Dionne, F. E. Dougherty, James 610 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Dummer, Carl Duval, Geo. O. Dwyer, James L. Flageole, Arthur Fortier, Edmund J. Fortier, Adolph L. Fritz, Arthur J. Fruin, T. F. Gereau, Lawrence S. Golowski, Frank L. Gorman, Edward A. Goudreau, Arthur Gousset, Wm. Gravelle, Wm. A. Gregor, John, Jr. Grey, Bernard J. Hardebeck, Lawrence Helms, John H. Hewes, Rudolph Hodapp, L. W. Hodapp, A. J. Hubert, Geo. J. Hughes, Frank Kalchinsky, Frank Kale, Morris J. Kelly, James F. Kerger, Desire Knecht, Julius Knittle, Joseph Kobler, J. Raymond Kruse, Bernard J. LaFond, Leo Lambert, Albert J. Lamotte, Arleigh L. Langan, James F. Langan, James T. Lanoue, Emory F. Lanoue, Leonard Lanoue, Rene B. Lanoue, Oscar Larrigan, James J. LaSage, Aaron D. Lavoie, Edward LeBeau, Arthur A. LeBeau, Jos. L. LeCour, Paul L. Legris, Max Lemenager, John, Jr. Libert, Rev. L. G. Lockwood, Earl Lynch, D. J. Marcotte, Thomas Marcotte, Harvey Martin, Elmer Martin, D. C. McCoy, John A. McGarry, Frank McGinnis, Wm. Lester McKay, Wm. F. McGuire, Rev. J. W. R. Nourie, Walter J. O'Connor, Clarence F. Oderwald, John J. O'Donnell, Martin L. Opeka, Francis M. Patnaude, Arthur Peterson, Henry E. Phillips, John Poskin, Homer A. Pratt, Dr. E. C. Ravens, Geo. Reilly, IBernard J. Renter, Philip Richert, L. J. Richert, Jos. Richert, Walter J. Rivard, Jos. A. Roche, Wm. J. Rohr, Fred Roth, Dr. J. H. Ruel, Henry F. Savoie, James P. Schneider, Ray L. Siggins, John J. Smith, Hilare J. Speicher, Clarence Strutzel, Henry M. Sullivan, Dr. F. J. Sullivan, Timothy Suprenant, Wm. J. Sweet, Philip Tebo, Wilfred Tetreault, Albert Towner, Herbert A. Towner, A. J. Walsh, Edward J. Walsh, Ralph Walsh, Charles Wallace, Henry L. Wambier, John White, U. D. Wilhelmi, J. A. Wynne, Conrad Yonke, Paul Zimmer, A. J. Zimmer, G. A. Zwisler, Dr. J. A. Barry, Edward J. Barton, Walter P. Bolger, Thomas J. Boyle, Austin J. Boyle, Malcolm Brundage, Howard A. Cagney, Thomas J. Cahill, Charles J. Callan, John M. Cleary, William F. Cleenan, Bernard V. Conley, William A. Crowley, William J. Coakley, Jeremiah J. Collins, Wm. D. Corboy, Harold F. Condon, Edw. F., Jr. Cummings, John J. Davy, James E. Downey, Leo J. Dunn, Thomas E. Dunn, William H. Dunne, Wm. F. Diamond, Albert A. ])urkin, John W. Duve, William J. Early, Eugene J. Early, Joseph C. Eden, Walter J. Feldman, John W. 749 FEEHAN, Chicago Pinnegan, Raymond J. Fitzgibbon, R. J. Foley, Philip J., Jr. Ford. Charles W. Foley, James W. Gannon, John C. Garner, Bernard Geraghty, Patrick Guinea, Daniel P., Jr. Hanrahan, Patrick J. Hanrahan, Wm. J. Hartnett, Daniel J. Hede, Edward Hallis, Joseph A. Hoy, Thomas A. Howard, William A. Hanley, Leo Kelliher, John J. Kelly, Thomas F. Kordick, Matthew Kennedy, Irving A. Lamb, Richard A. Lane, Walter T. Larkin, William R. Larkin, Joseph P. Lawler, Joseph A. Lynch, John F. Lynch, William Murray, John J. Madigan, Joseph J. Maheu, Octave Markham, Harry T. Marks, Henry F., Jr. Marks, Albert Meagher, Thos. F., Jr. Morahan, Charles J. Morrissey, J. Emmett Munch, George L. Murphy, Joseph A. McCarthy, Clement I. McCarthy, William J. McNeil, Elmer McNeill, Daniel F. McCrory, Philip J. McManus, Joseph J. McNichol, Francis E. Nolan, George Nolan, John V. Noonan, Thomas Riley, John F. Ryan, James E. Stinson, P. B. Stukel, Jos. J., Jr. Schoemer, Walter Tamberine, Anthony Toomey, Thomas A. Tuohy, Raymond Walsh, Leonard A. Watson, James A. Wunder, Rev. George WAR^THE ROLL OF HONOR 611 754 DANVILLE, Danville Agan, John P. Barton, Francis Bott, Frank F. Castles, Edward Condon, J. J. Conlin, Hugh W. Conron, Raymond Cox, Dan Daley, Tom J. Day, Wm. D. Detour, R. J. Dowling, Eldon Dyer, Edward Dyer, Harry Flattery, Joseph Flattery, Wm. Fitzgerald, Geo. Giretz, Wm. Hahne, Hazlet Hart, Robert Hien, John Higglns, Joseph Huff, Fred A. Kiernan, Raymond King, Raymond Kramer, Wm. Lawrence, Robert LlewUyn, Cecil Marken, Ed. F. McCusker, Leo McGee, Leo McGuire, Thomas Mularky, C. J. Morrissey, Wm. Nardine, Alfred F. O'Connell, J. D. Rademacher, W. E. St. Pierre, Alfred Sansburg, Wm. Schario. Leo Schroeder, Arnold Senger, Frank B. Senger, Herbert Smith, Jno. Supple, John Uhlien, Joseph Uhlin, Herman Walsh, Rev. F. Jerome Walsh, Richard Wiemer, M. J. G. Wirner, Carl Company B, 31st Regiment, in Action at Vladivostok, Siberia. 761 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON, Chicago Adams, Raymond E. Ahern, James M. Allen. Richard M. Ashley, John C. Adams, Thos. R. Boyle, Hugh E. Brady, Harry P. Burke, Capt. Edmund Burns, Charles P. Buckley, Michael J. Bowler, Frank Brennan, Matthew T. Browne, Capt. J. G. Byrne, Gene J. Byrne, Raymond J. Berry, George P. Bailey, Robert J. Carrigan, Capt. J. F. Cloghessy, Lawrence Connelly. Marshall E. Corcoran, James F. Culhane, Francis Casey, Thos. E. Canty, Newman A. Carroll, John A. Cloghessy, Walter Conahan, Archie F. Crilly, William T. Clark, Bryan H. Cook, J. L. Carbon, Rocco J. Cremin, Wm. H. C. Canty, Lieut. Thos. A. Daley, Daniel Didier, Joseph Dooley, Lieut. H. J. 612 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Day, John J. Dillon, Thos. A. Daley, John J. Drennan, John J. Durkin, Alex J. Dwyer, Corp. R. W. Daley, J. P. Deady, Thomas Donohue, Ralph Dooley, John Jos. Doherty, Daniel J. Dwyer, John J. D'Antermont, Richard Dusek, Benedict F. Ellsworth, Harold J. Unright. Thos. J. Emerson, George W. Ewald, William J. Finnin, John F. Franklin, J. E. Farley, Edward R. Finley, Daniel Farrell, Harold W. Fahey, William Flanagan, Edward J. Ford, John W., Jr. Fitzpatrick, Thos. Gibbons, Frank E. Gorman, Richard M. Good, James J. Guilfoyle. John P. Gleason, Frank D. Hanrahan, Michael J. Heslin, Charles A. Higgins, Edward M. Hughes, Edward J. Hughes, James F. Hadley, James Halloran, John J. Hanlon, John Hubbell, Edward N. Hart, John J. Harnett, L. C, Jr. Harmon, Jas. W. Kettles. Lt. Arthur W. Kiedrowski, Francis F. Kluber, Ensign G. G. Kolb, Leo A. Kennedy, Edward F. Kehoe, R. E. Kelly, John M. Kearney, John A. Lavery, Charles H. Lee, John J. Lee, Thomas R. Lee, William F. Leppak, Philip S. Lynch, Patrick C. Mader, Frank W. Mangan, Corp. D. B. Mangan. William Murray, Sergt. John L. Moreau, Jos. T. Murphy, Charles J. Murphy, John W. Moore, Corp. J. C. Moore, Clarence J. Martin, Michael P. Martin, Philip J. McGee, Corp. Leonard McElroy, Philip McLennan, James F. McHugh, Corp. J. P. McNamarra, Lt. J. F. McCarthy, Lt. D. J. McCarthy, Frank J. McCarthy, Thos. B. McDonough, Jos. A. McGrath, William McNichols, James W. McGah, Wm. J. McGrane, Leo F. McLaughlin, Peter A. McDonough, R. J. McKee, James L. Naylor, Frank L. O'Connell, Corp. E. P. O'Donnell, James O'Meara, Lieut. J. J. O'Hara, A. V. O'Lealy, Bryan J. Patnoe, Royal A. Prendergast, Jas. P. Pittman, Gustave I. Plachetka, Jos. M. Powers, Frank J. Pushoe, L. E. Patterson, Earl E. Queenan, Thos. J. Rategan, Sergt. J. L. PvUhnke, Leslie C. Regan, Thomas J. Reynoldson, Wm. J. Ryan, Corp. Wm. A. Rauth, Arthur L. Reynoldson, Robt. L. Roglin, Chas. W. Roth, Ruppert M. Sheridan, Ensign Jas. Sloan, Sergt. F. A. Sullivan, N. C. Sherlock, Matthew J. Sullivan, James I. Sullivan, John L. Sullivan, Eugene T. Troy, Thos. W. Threadgold, Thos. C. \ ail, Lawrence E. Walsh, Edward J. Walsh, Edmund J. Walsh, Wm. M. Wheeler, Thos. A. Williams, Leo N. Wilmot, Thomas P. 773 FORT DEARBORN, Chicago Ahern, Rev. John J. Ahern, J. Almasi, Frank G. Batke, Jos. Blackwell, Wm. Bohan, Stanley Boebel, Peter Bonfield, Geo. Brady, Edwin Burke, Michael J. Burke, Rev. Thos. J. Campion, Jas. Carroll, Harry Coakley, Jerry Coens, Thos. Cooney, Wm. E. Day, Thos. A. Dempsey, Mortimer Denny, Chas. M. Donohue, Timothy Dore, Edw. J. Dore, Lawrence J. Finnegan, Edw. Fogarty, Timothy Foley, Michael Gallagher, Wm. J. Gaul, Jos. Gleason, Martin J. Gorman, E. M. Gorman, J. E. Grannon, J. J. Guilfoyle, Henry Hanrahan, Daniel Hartigan, Jas. Hartigan, M. D. Hartigan, Wm. M. Hartman, Ernest A. Healy, John Herbert, Geo. Hickey, Edw. A. Kahl, Nicholas Keegan, Thos. Kellarp, John Kelly, Michael J. Kennedy, Jos. L. Kirby, J. Kloud, Edw. F. Koller, Chas. H. Krysinski, Frank Lauer, Wm. Lefebar, T. J. Leifer, Gerald Lindstrom, Chas. E. Lynch, Thos. Lynch, John Mahoney, Daniel M. Malone, John J. Markey, Emmet Marten, Chas. M. Mayer, Chas. W. McAllister, Cormac McCarthy, John J. McCormick, John J. McCormick, Ray McCormick, Wm. McDonough, M. J. McDonald, James McElligott, Marten McGuire, Thos. WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 613 Mclnerney, Pat. H. McMahon, Frank A. McMahon, Raymond McMahon, Frank J. McNamara, Dr. Wm. Meehan, Wm. E. Moore, Sylvester J. Morgan, Geo. Murray, J. W. Neylon, Martin F. O'Connell, Michael O'Connell. Thos. J. O'Donnell, Edw. J. O'Hara, Thos. O. O'Malley, Jas. A. O'Neill, Jos. R. Peyton, E. J. Pickart, Arthur J. Pinger, John P. Pinger, Jos. M. Reithmeyer, John P. Renehan, Geo. Riley, I. Rosner, Wm. Schmittschmitt, W. J. Scully, G. R. Sheehan, Michael A. Sheehy, M. J. Sieben, Edw. Sink, Jos. B. Steilen, Geo. A. Stoeller, Wm. Vaughn, Frank Wachter, Francis J. Wachter, Herbert J. Wall, John J. Walsh, Peter Wilhelm, Anton S. Williams, John Williams, Raymond .' Winters, Edw. 776 WOODSTOCK, Woodstock Allen, R. C. Allen, Wm. Lee Bennett, Jas. R. Bernero, John X. P.olger, Clarence Brahy, Harry Clark, LeRoy J. Comiskey, Jay Conway, P. Edwin Conway, W. F. Corr, O. H. Corr, R. H. Cunningham, Philip J. Donnelly, Wm. O. Donovan, R. D. Dittman, Albert S. Dittman, Carl J. Feffer, Irenus Felix, Chas. J. Gharrity, Jas. P. Goodrow, Frank J. Green, Chas. E. Green, Vincent J. Hayes, Francis H. Horan, Thos. Horick, Edward J. Howard, Clarence M. Hurley, Dennis N. Hurley, John C. Jennings. Chas. A. Long, John J. Maas, Thos. J. McGee, E. R. Murley, Raymond Nealin, Daniel E. Nolan, P. Henry Pannucci, David Riley, Emmett Riley, Lawrence L. Riley, Raymond Riley, Wm. Ryan, Emmett T. Schmitt, Henry Sheehy, F. M. Stafford, John M. Stupfel, Ralph Sullivan, Adelbert L. Sullivan, Geo. E. Sullivan, John J. Ueber, Harold B. Zoia, Chas. D. Wienke, R. N. 790 STREATOR, Streator Ambro, Frank Balke, Jos. Barnhard, Herman Baron, Frank A. Barry, John J. Blasco, Adam Breen, Thos. J. Broderick, M. J. Buckley, Jeremiah Carroll, Patrick E. Cahill, Lester W. Cox, C. Vincent Cox, John R. Condon, Lee D. Coyle, Edward T. Donohue, John Durham, Francis H. Farmer, Elvea Farrell, Jas. Filipski, Wm. F. Flanagan, John J. Fogarty, Edward M. Gerardo, Wm. J. Gingher, Wm. J. Gordon, Clarence M. Grennan, John L. Grennan, Jos. B. Grogan, James Hartney. John F. Heine, Jos. H. Jennett, Edward J. Jennett, Raymond J. Keating, Edw. B. Keef rey, Edw. M. Keef rey, Jos. J. Kelly, Albert S. Keenan, James R. Koontz, John C. Langan, Philip Linskey, Emmett J. Lorenzoni, Edw. J. Lotcher, Frederick A. Lotcher, Jos. Lyons, Emmett T. Lyons, Wm. Mahon, Harry F. Mahon, Ralph E. Marsenko, John Maskel, Edmund J. McGarry, Clarence McGarry, Patrick E. McMahon, John E. Neiggeman, Henry J. O'Beirne, John P. O'Dea, Chas. O'Dea, Thos. Pellino, Stephen M. Prendergast, Thos. E. Prendergast, Thos. J. Purcell, Edward F. Purcell, Lawrence .-i. Quinn, Jos. D. Quinn, Thos. P. Ritter, Jos. J. Roberts, Jos. T. Ryan, Fred F. Ryan, Robert V. Ryan, Wm. F. Santry, Frederick J. Sequim, A. C. Scheldt, Bernard N. Schmitz, Hubert Scullans, Frank Shedlock, John A. Sullivan, Daniel T. Teval, Samuel P. Trainor, Arthur R. Trainor, Earl J. Yanshik, John Walsh, James W. Webster, Frank A. Whalen, Vincent Wolfe, Arthur C. Woll, Carl Woll. Geo. Willey, Leo D. 614 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Bandy, Prank W. Bernardi, Belinda Brotherton, V. E. Bubel, George Burkart, William Cahill, James D. Cahill, Thomas, Jr. Cannon, W. P. Carney, Harold Carney, Roy Cawley, Thomas Cawley, William E. Chrabot, L. S. Clarke, Edward Conley, Frank Collue, Thomas Confrey, E. C. Conf rey, James B. Confrey, Wm. Confrey, Robert Conway, Edward A. Conway, Philip Creed, Howard Creed, J. P. Cyrys, John A. Donovan, James Dooley, Eugene Dooley, Joseph Doyle, James P. Doyle, Martin Dunn, John J. Duffy, Harold P. Duras, John Elena, L. L., Jr. 792 CALVERT, La Salle Pahey, Edmund Falletti, William L. Filas, Anthony Pilas, S. K. Finkler, A. Pitzgerald, M. H. Planagan, James R. Foley, Edward Gannon, Thomas Gerhards, John Hardy, Prank Hardy, Walter Haremski, William Hand, Prank Hayden, Leonard Healy, James J. Hoar, John J. Hoerner, George W. Hohoman, Joseph Haley, Joseph G. Jagodzinski, Frank Keegan, R. H. Kemper, Arthur J. Kings, Francis J. Kings, James J. Kelly, John J. Kreis, Edward B. Last, Mathias A. Lavanway, Joseph Lynch, Joseph McDermott, J. V. Mainus, Joseph Malloy, Prank P. Martin, William Murray, Prank H. Morawitz, Edward J. Myler, John W. Novak, J. P. O'Brien, Thomas O'Shea, Thomas Ream, L. A. Ream, "Vincent Reich, Theodore P. Roach, J. Rossik, Otto Salmon, Roger Smith, O. M. Schlosser, Joseph Shields, Edward Shields, James Shields, Thomas Shields, William Sheppard, George Solon, Joseph A. Stachowiak, Ignatius Sullivan, F. Synnoyy, William Welter, Robert Weber, J. J. Wisniewski, M. J. Wagner, William Welch, James Wagner, Edward M. Walsh, J. J. Witucka, Joseph Yopp, Prank Zwick, Anthony Addison, Thos. E. Ahern, Henry L. Angsman, Elmer Aubrey, L. C. Baker, Ray J. Baldwin, M. T. Barrett, W. Barsley, Wm. P. Beall, Earl J. Benson, A. J. Benson, M. P. Blake, Jos. H. Blake, Dr. R. G. Blake, W. J. Blanchard, T. Bourke, Thos. Bowes, Jas. D. Boyle, W. P. Breen, J. T. Brennan, R. J. Bugler, John C. Bugler, R. E. Burke, L. A. Burns, E. J. Burns, J. L. Burns, J. J. Butler, A. J. Byrne, Jos. L. Byrne, W. M. 805 LEO, XIII, Chicago Carberry, Dr. P. Carr, F. J. Carr, Thos. A. Carmody, J. H. Carroll, Wm. A. Casey, Maurice Casselton, Thos. E. Cherry, M. J. Clements, L. J. Cole, C. J. Connelly. T. Coogan, D. P. Colfer, T. R. Collins, Jas. P. Collins, M. J. Conlan, C. M. Conners, J. J. Cooper, T. Conroy, Thos. A. Costello, G. P. Coulihan, E. Coughlin, J. B. Coughlin, J. H. Coughlin, John Coughlin, Wm. Cronin, Bart L. Crott, I. P. Crowe, T. J. Crowley, J. F- Cummings, W. J. Curley, T. J. Curry, Andrew Curtin, Bert Cussen, J. E. Day, Ray J. Deery, J. Devine, W. M. Doherty, J. E. Donohue, D. E. Donohue, T. P. Dorgan, T. J. Dougherty, J. Doyle, H. J. Doyle, M. J. Drake, Roy L. Driscoll, W. L. Duffy, A. P. Duffy, A. P. Duffy, W. J. Dunne, N. P. Dunne, Peter Durkin, M. J. Durkin, T. A. Eckhart, L. U. Eddy, Leo Chas. Egan, Phil. Englehart, F. Evans, J. h. WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 615 Enzler, L. J. Farney, Leo D. Fennell, John J. Finn, Thos. P. Fitzgerald, Wm. Flanigan, C. L. Flanagan, J. P. Flannery, Harry Fluck, C. J. Foley, James Fotre, W. Fraher, T. J. Frawley, L. Grimes, E. J. Gurren, J. F. Hanrahan, J. W. Haugh, T. P. Hayes, Cornelius Hayes, J. P. Hayes, M. D. Healy, John J. Healy, J. P. Heeman, F. L. Hennessy, W. A. Henry, R. J. Hickey, Leo W. Kelly, T. F. Kennedy, Jas. M. Kenny, D. Kenny, John P. Kilty, P. J. Kinney, B. Kircher, J. A. Knight. W. J. Koeppe, C. J. Lang, Chas. Lavague, G. E. Lavelle, J. V. Leiser, W. J. Romagne, Scene of Much Fighting in which Illinois Knights Participated. Location of U. S. Military Cemetery. Gabler, Joe Ganey, Dennis P. Gange, W. H. Gaudson, E. L. Geary, D. J. Gleason, J. P. Gleason, Jas. J. Gleason, P. Gleason, T. L. Golden, R. J. Goodyear, P. F. Grady, P. M. Grady, Wm. J. Green, Norman Green, Porter GrifRn, Jas. J. Griffin, Jos. Hicks, W. H. Hill, W. D. Hogan, Leo Hogan, T. P. Hoise, Albert D. Hughes, J. B. Huckes, J. R. Huckes, L. J. Jacobs, J. A. Jaumann, Anthony Jeffers. P. J. Judge, John F. Joy, Thos. Karleskind, M. J. Kearney, L. J. Keenan, Ed. L. Kello, Harry V. Lucas, John Lynch, T. F. Lynch, Wm. Mackie, E. J. Madden, W. P. Madigan, W. F. Maloney, T. P. Mallon, J. J. Manning, Ed. Marshall, A. B. Martin, John J. McBride, P. F. McCann, T. A. McCarthy, Jas. McCarthy, C. W. McCrave, Geo. McCormlck, L. ^SA f\^ f^Y-yar -F -^iyrr^ ^-:; -ZV'0'15 — ^q:T^»irrTT - Z.X T- :a. ^^TTiatt. I_ X 16 DO POBn^yDBi. 'x r«i^2iu3L i". JL. OTSmaA SnSjLK" i^'r-^-'^: ssBS^^^r^ j"^ <3«ait,J-nrt 7. . J rj — - - ■ -sTaiL J, - \- ' lAiteAL. ^«j^fe«.l>. r.JfesIlL - VX .1 - •'-^•MrrC T ' ■ . i^ -i. S: TtTT n fTija Axn *» , -^ K* PONTIAC .IS. SM PAJUSl TYtm 111 111 mi Him^sr . ■ ^£axe ~ - atirr.- - r. - A. lUrr:-- - _ T. - - - --\ Sk» JACX^OCSATLLE. J«isa««3le 31 H. . JL 618 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Thirty-first Regiment U. S. A. Marching- into Vladivostok, Siberia. Leahey, Frank T. Leahey, Jos. J. Lockman, Leo T. Lockhart, Leo J. Lonergan, W. F. Lukeman, Elmer J. Mackey, John F. Mandeville, John E. Mandeville, John S. Mandeville, Thos. S. McGrath. Thos. L. McGinnis, Edward J. McGinnis, P. J. Merin, James H. Minch, Frank M. Mollenbrock, Albert Morken, Walter L. Newell, James E. Newell, Ralph A. Norris, Dr. F. A. O'Brien, John F. Pasqualone, Michele Phalen, August Purcell, Francis J. Ring-, James T. Robinson, Francis P. Robinson, Geo. W. Robinson, Thos. T. Rook, Wm. C. Ross. Wm. Ryan, Chas. M. Ryan, Leo R. Schefercort, Wm. J. Sehy, Jos. P. Sehy, Leo T. Shields, John F. Sheehan, Jos. Sloan, Francis T. Sloan, Jas. E. Sloan, John Sullivan, Jeremiah J. Tarswell, Jesse C. VDgel, Jos. E. Votsmeyer, Chas. J. Walsh, J. C. W^alsh, Maurice F. Walsh, Thos. J. Wheeling, Ernest Wolfe, Earl E. Woulfe, Harold J. WAR^THE ROLL OF HONOR 619 887 FATHER O'CONNOR, formerly IRVING PARK, Chicago Beaudreau, L. J. Benjamin, Albert A. Berger, Chas. J. Bradley, Charles F. Brennan, Edward J. Brown, Thos. F. Butler, Cornelius M. Butt, Francis J. Clancy, Thomas A. Corole, John Coulter, Frank A. Coyle, John J. Coyne, William Joseph Czosek, Peter P. Dempsey, Thomas H. Derenzowski, Albert Dineen, Timothy Dingles, Lewis Dombrowski, Edw. T. Donovan, Thomas Doolin, J. L. Dugan, John M. Durkin, James F. Erne, Allen J. Falkenberg, Chas. V. Ficht, John A. Fitzgibbon, Stephen Foley, John F. Frey, Edward D. Gannon, Patrick Geraty, Thomas F. Gibbert, John J.. Jr. Glueckert, Joseph B. Gniot, Frank J. Goulet, Lynn J. Goulet, Lawrence E. Heath, Andrew J. Hechinger, Michael V. Helm, Henry G. Helm, George A. Helm, Joseph A. Janowiak, Stephen G. Jennings, Philip B. Kaminski, Harry J. Kaspar, C. A. Kennelly, James J. Keshen, S. A. Klinek, Frank M., Jr. Kremer, Joseph F. Kuhn, N. J. Kurtz, Walter B. La Berge, W. C. Lambeau, Louis G. LaPointe, Alderic C. Leach, Frank E. LeClair, Edwin J., Jr. Leresche, Clive E. Lockwood, Robert E. Loftus, Francis J. Maeder, Anthony J. Mackenzie, Chas. K. Mangan, James E. Manning, Clement L. Manning, Edgar F. McCabe, George John McCall, James E. McCall, E. C. McGee, L. C. McManmon, John J. Moore, Percy James Murphy, George T. Neubauer, Anthony C. Newett, Tlios. G. O'Connor, Michael A. Overhage, Wm. A. Patke, William Poden, Guido Prendergast. Richard J Quinn, Francis H. Reilly, W. H. Reynolds, Edw. J. Roach, James E. Roche, Daniel Sebastian, Carl Wm. Schlicht, Benjamin J. Schmidt, Joseph A. Shea, James J. Steffen, John M. Stryzinski, Joseph W. Sweeney, A. J. Tenczar, Francis J. Tenczar, Michael S. Thom, John J. Trayling, Francis J. Wakefield. Willard C. Waters, James E. Waters, Thos. A. Willard, C. J. Wojcek, Joseph J. Wojciechowski, John Zuranski, John Zurich, Jacob L. 890 PATRICK FEEHAN, Fulton Bly, Frank Bly, James Considine, Wm. J. Consldine, Robt. P. Coyle, Harry E. Cuddy, Geo. Field, W. H, Jr. Kenny, W. D. Kuster, Geo. Leahy, Wm. Plunkett, Oliver Smith, John E. 891 TWIN CITY COUNCIL, Champaign Albinger, August F. Brannigan, John Callahan, Wm. J. Clifford, W. E. C. Cler, F. J. Cochrane, J. J. Clennon, Lawrence Conway, Paul Coady, Joseph C. Casserly, Jos. B. Cavanaugh, Maurice Cabalek, W. J. Cochrane, Wm. Doyie, Wm. J. Doyle, John F. Deany, A. F. Fogarty, Jos. P. Fitzgerald, T. F. Fiedler, A. A. Fiedler, J. H. Graham, Hugh D. Gordon, Nicholas Gorman, F. W. Graham, Thos. C. Graham, Arthur Gallivan, L. H. Gordon, Bernard A. Hagan, Thos. Hughes, Lawrence Hayes, W. B. Hartman, Jos. W. Hughes, Jos. R. Hartman, A. S. Harrington, B. W. Hagan, E. J. Hartman, Killian Hagan, Bernard Irle, Francis C. Jackson, Thos. Julian, Maurice Jacobs, P. W. Kennedy, J. P. Kennedy, J. W. Kelley, S. J. Klingelhoffer, Leo Layden, T. E. Laurence, Walter Leonard, John F. Lynch, Bernard Thos. Lyons, Flurance Lacey, J. J. Morrissey, Edward Murray, Chas. A. Murray, S. E. Mullins, Edward R. Miller, Dr. L. C. Murray, Thos. E. Mullins, James R. Marmion, Mark E. Mattingly, Leo Marquardt, J. Walter Manley, J. C. Martin, E. G 620 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS McGrath, Thos. J. McDonough, Thos. F. McGraw, T. F. McKeon, Joseph N. McCabe, John F. McCabe, Patrick Leo McCabe, T. Spencer O'Brien, R. J. O'Brien, Phillip McGrath, Patriclt O'Beirne, Raymond O'Byrne, Thos. P. Pfeffer, Edward Price, B. R. Purtell, Wm. Quinlan, Martin Ryan, Jos. F. Russel, Jolin F. Sullivan, T. C. Sulivan, W. J. Steffen, Geo. P. Smith, H. B. Smith, Alvin G. Straub, E. J. Sheehan, W. T., Jr. Turnbull, Robert R. Wilhelm, Nicholas Wagner, W. A. Whittaker, C. A. A. E. F. Boys on the Argonne. Taken Just After the Armistice by Secretary D. A. Henneberry, Joliet. 914 LOYOLA— HYDE PARK COUNCIL, Chicago Ayres, H. I. Arndt, Geo. H. Arndt, Thos. C. Bluett, Grover, W. Boyle, Rev. C. C. Brennan, Frank B. Broderick, James J. Buckle, Harry V. Burns, Gilbert P. Burke, Thos. J. Butler, Edward J. Caldwell, Dr. C. P. Carey, John F. Cavanaugh, John L. Collins, T. J. Collins, John J. Cramsie, A. J. Clark, James T. Clark, Joseph M. Conway, "Wm. J. Cusic, James E. Doherty, Albert J. Devine, John K. Davidson, Cuddie E. Doherty, Arthur J. Donohue, James J. Donovan, Rev. C. F. English, John J. EUis, John D. Early, John J. Edgeworth, Earl T. Fairfax, Frank L. Fitzgerald, John D. Falnagan, John J. Foley, Emmett J. Foley, John P. Frawley, Rev. L. Girard, Rev. A. L. Hayes, John W. Heffernan, William C. Halaburt, Thos. L. Hannon, David E. Hogan, Anthony P. Hogan, John B. Hogan, Mathew Jacobs, Geo. W. Johnston, James P. Kelly, Edward I. Kevlin, John F. Koll, John A. Kane, Kieran L. Landry, Edgar A. Lynch, Fred S. Lynch, Chas. E. Leitner, Geo. L. Lally, Malach D. Long, Philip J. Magrini, Henry Marino, Robert L. Miller, H. B. Murphy, T. A. Meyer, n. F. Mines, James A. McDermott, Francis O. McGuire. John F. Meehan, Thos. F. McAndrews, Joseph J. McMahon, Henry H. McGinnis, Clyde A. McGrath, Vincent T. Mclnerney, John J. McCarte, Allan B. Murphy, William J. Murphy, David D. Nessinger, Frank A. Nicholson, Fred J. Naughton, P. J. O'Brien, Daniel J. O'Brien, Mathew J. O'Brien, Thomas J. O'Brien, William P. O'Reilly, James Phillips, Wallace Powers, W. L. Prindiville, L. C. Quinnan, D. J. Rooney, Lawrence T. Ritacco, Samuel Reynolds, Patrick J. Shea, Gordon P. Stanley, Chas. J. Shannon, Rev. T. V. Sweeney, Edward C. Sullivan, Andrew J. Sullivan, Philip L. Tyrrell, James A. Wild, James P. WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 621 895 ODELL, Odell Ahrens, Jos. Bellott, Jos. J. Campbell, Geo. Carney, Earl Carney, Emmet Clancy, Chas. Darg-an, Clarence M. Drinin, Michael Finefleld, John Flood, Thos. Foley, Thos. P. Gassensmltt, Clarence Gassensmitt, Harold Gassensmltt, John M. Kelley, James L. Kelley, Jos. L>. Kripple, F. W. Lannon, P. H. Lyon, Bernard M. McGrath, John Miller, Robert J. Ralph, Frank Ralph, Leo Redmond, Jos. Ready, Lawrence Stabler, Edw. N. Watson, Luke J. Wolf, Alvin Wolf, Leo M. Wood, Leo A. 896 PANA, Pana Bailey, Clarence Beyers, Henry C. Brady, James Brady, Terrence Byers, Bernard Comerford, Augustln Condon, Leo J. Cyeng'ros, John J. Endris, Paul A. Einig-, Geo. W. Flesch, Leonard Flesch, Chas. Fox, Rev. P. J. Franscavitch, Albert Goodall,F. C. Gossman, A. W. Gossman, Paul C. Haltshaus, Henry Havrllka, John F. Hoen, Walter Klein, Jos. M. Kuntz, Jos. McCarthy, Glenn McCarthy, Richard Michaels, Chas. B. Mickenbier, Jos. L. Mickenbier, Leo F. Murphy, James Murphy, John Oiler, Claude L. Phillips, John Sheehan, Geo. A. Sheehan, Hugh Stalets, Adam Staniswisky, E. Stocker, Lawrence f » Tenbusch.Wm. F. Ullrick, Chas. J. Wilson, Myron J. 915 IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, Ohio Kean, Francis Murtaugh, Leo Scully, John J. Sheehan, John 922 OUILMETTE COUNCIL, Wilmette Barnard, Geo. F. Bauer, John A. Biederer, Nicholas A. Bleser, John J. Braun, Arthur J. Praun, Peter J. / 'Conley, Dr. B. N.l/ Corrigan, John Engels, Jos. J. Golbach, P. J. Golbach, John Goodwin, John F. Hassenauer, A. A. Hassenauer, C. J. Heinzen, Jos. H. Hillinger, W. A. Hillinger, Phillip L. Huerter, John J. Ketchum, Raymond Ketter, John F. Ketter, John Kulten. Frank P. Leis, Clarence Leis, Harry May, Jos. J. McCanney, Emmet Miller, Henry J. Napier, Wm. C. Napier, E. P. O'Connell, H. L. Rudd, Robt. J. Runtz, Jos. J. Schildgen, F. B. Schildgen, L. J. Schildgen, Jos, J. Schmitz, Peter Schmidt, Jos. D. Schneider, Jos. Schopen, F. J. Schroeder. Jos. J. Schwall, N. A. Smith, Bernard .f Steffens, J. P. Armstrong. A. T. Becker, J. F. Brady, T. V. Breen, R. F. 950 COLUMBUS, Chicago Butler, Michael Christoi)h, E. E. Christoph, F. W. Christoph, J. R. Christoph, W. H. Collins, S. M. Coffey. J. F. Coles, L. A. 622 KNIGHTS OF COIjUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Crane, W. H., Jr. Czackorowsky, R. L. Duffy. Durkin, P. J. Falvey, H. J. Farrell, M. Fergus, Edw. Fleming, John J. Fortman, N. Fortman, Phil Fox, Edw. D. Gallagher, A. J. Gast, E. C. Gillespie, P. Hanlon, G. A. Hayden, D. B. Hefferman, D. J. Hogan, J. T. Horan, Stephen Howell, C. G. Huber, F. E. Jones, A. V. Kamesch, Phil Kelly, M. J. Kernan, J. F., Jr. Koelle, J. H. Kunce, F. E. Klein. "W. R. Lahey, W. S. Lawler, L. A. Loeffler, Chas. A. Loftus, J. A. Losch, H. C. Losch, W. S. Lynn, L. Lyons, W. J. Mackey, W. J. Martin, F. J. May, W. F., Jr. McDonald, Jas. McCartney, G. T. McDonnell, T. J. McPherson, Chas. Neidhart, B. A. Moran, W. J. McGowan, D. E. O'Byrne, T. A. O'Donnell, C. F. O'Neill, P. O'Shea, Geo. T. Phillip, Geo. Reck, W. J. Rocca, E. F. Rend, J. F. Rend, A. J., Jr. Riley, V. J. Ryan, A. J. Sausser, P. Schummer, W. M. Slattery, W. L. Smith, P. J., Jr. Staerk, P. H. Stelle, R. D. Strass, M. M. Sweeney, H. F. Thinnes, J. M. Trausch, J. H. White, A. J. Wilkins, P. J. 967 GENERAL JAMES SHIELDS, Chicago Boivin, G. A. Branch, A. J. Burke, Jos. Clancy, Dr. E, G. Clancy, L. D. Charpentier, J. E. Connell, H. W. Cooney, Ben Courtney, E. C. Curran, L. A. Doherty, J. F. Donovan, F. M. Flynn, Anth. Gallagher, T. A. Healy, Jas. J. Hecklinger, Chas. Jaworski, E. W. Jones, R. M. Kellar, J. P. Kelleher, Dr. J. L. Kelly, J. P. Loftus, A. — . Meegan, M. P. McGowan, D. A. Morris, G. J. Murray, Patrick Nevin, M. M. Nolan, J. J. O'Brien, Rev. J. E. Purcell, O. J. Quill, J. A. Reese, C. H. Rooney, D. J. Scanlon, Chas. Scanlon, John Scanlon, W. A. Sheehan, E. A. Sinnot, M. L. Thomas, J. F. 980 LARABIDA, Chicago Ahearn, William J. Artman, "William J. Barry, Thomas J. Blaise, Homer Brennan. J. J. Brown, Daniel P. Brown, John H. Collins, J. V. Curley, E. J. Curley, Peter J. Cusack, John J. Cushing, Edmund A. Dilger. Noble J. Doolady, Geo. J. Diougherty, Dennis J. Durkin, John R. Fasan, Irvin Featherstone, Thos. J. Fitzgerald, Daniel H. Fitzgerald, Frank H. Flavin, Garrett M. Hagerty, George D. Hamrock, Michael T. Hannafin, Thos. F. Healey, Frank J. Harrington, Jas. B. Hennessy, David C. Hoyt, Harold Julien, Norman L. Johnson, John T. Kane, James W. Kane, Alfred P. Langan, Robert J. Larkin, Thomas A. Lee, Patrick J. Loftus, William J. Mahoney, William M. Malone, Edward P. Matthews, Harry A. Moore, T. G. Mulcahey, James E. Mulcahey, J. J. Mulroney, Raymond Murphy, Emmett J. Murphy, Lewis V. McCann, Frank J. McDonald, S. E. McGeeney, John J. McKeough, Thos. A. McKeown, Eugene Norton, Daniel T. O'Connor, Jos. P. O'Connor, William J. O'Leary, John J. Perry, Joseph A. Powers, Mortimer M. Powers, Bernard E. Prendergast, John P. Quinn, Daniel D. Quinn, James E. Rauen, Geo. Reilly, J. A. Reilly, Thos. F. Reynolds, J. K. Ronan, Thomas F. Rooney, Edmund J. Scannell, Chas. E. Schofield, Raymond J. Sullivan, John J. Tierney, Frank J. Wehle, Sebastian G. Wittman, George L. WAE^THE ROLL OF HONOR 623 988 MURPHYSBORO, Murphysboro Bollheimer, A. C. Borgsmiller, Jos. Brush, John F. Byer, Thos. J. Daniel, Ben A. Dell'Era, Joseph Evans, Dr. W. H. Pay, Hugh Fults, Chas. M. Hufnagel, Anthony Keyenberg, Jos. Keyenberg, Henry Klawer, John Kupferer, Chas. F. Marten, Albert E. Martell, Edmond Martell, Chas. J. McDiermon, John T. Milani, John Paul, Nicholas P. Piosik, Aug. Probst, A. J. Probst, LeRoy Reichert, Wm. Roberts, Arthur Rodden, John Seifert, Rev. Chas. A. Sell, Geo. H. Smith, Edwin H. Vastine, M. W. Wagner, Jos. H. Weiler, W. E. Welsh, Leonard Wolff, W. M. Zink, Louis L., Jr. 997 CHICAGO HEIGHTS, Chicago Heights Beaudion, Peter Birgel, Frank Cassidy, Francis Comerford, Jas. F. Cull, Edgar J. Cull, Louis W. Dolan, Robert Dwyer, Jos. P. Eber, J. H. Flaiz, Geo. M. Fuchs, Henry A. Graham, Silus Green, Chas. J. Girard, Robert C. Guensche, Wm. J. Harnett, David F. Harnett, Jas. P. Hesseldenz, Albert J. Howard, Raymond J. Janser, Geo. G. Johnson, Elmer Jordan, Harry J. Kilcullen, Chas. Kennedy, Wm. Kirgis, Dr. Edw. G. Kloyczek, Anthony J. Kovach, Frank Lux, Eugene M. Lux, Gerhardt A. Marthaler, Anthony Mayer, Dr. E. V. Mayer, Walter M. Mclnrue, J. Irving Murnane, Jas. P. Miller, Frank Minicus, Walter M. Murane, Daniel F. Mulhollan, Frank Murphy, Chas. Murphy, John R., Jr. Pendergast, Jas. H. Ranee, H. B. Rivard, Roy Rush, Fred Schulze, Raymond A. Seme, John Seme, Jos. Senesac, Adelor Shetzle, Fred Sisk, Jas. D. Smith, Clifford C. Spitzenberger, Leo Steevens, Chas. Terre, Jos. P. Von Bruenschenhin, J. Wiedm.an, Anthony Wilchinsky, Wm. J. Wilger, Fred Whelan, Justin D. York, Jos. 1005 HUGHES, Chicago Aniol, Charles W. Augustin, Edward J. Babka, Louis Baker, Frank J. Bakule, John F. Bares, Frank J. Barta, Joseph A. Bennett, Frank D. Bielas, Kazimon T. Biggy, Frank L. Bily, John A., Jr. Bizek, Albert John Blaha, Edw. J. Blaha, Emil J. Blitsch, Irvin H. Borkovec, Jerry A. Braheney, Peter J. Bray, Gerald A. Brejcha, Charles A. Brejcha, Mathias A. Breslin, Lawrence Bruen, Charles J. Buess, George F. Burda, Edward J. Burns, Clyde J. Buszkiewicz, S. J. Butler, Frank A. Buzek, Frank J. Caba, Jerry F. Carlin, Frank J. Carlin, Stewart L. Carroll, George W. Cerbin, John Cerbin, Stanley F. Chalupsky, Joseph J. Cisky, Frank I. Clancy, Andrew B. Cleary, Raymond T. Coleman, John W. Collins, Warren E. Conlon, Anthony Corry, Frank H. Coughlin, Patrick J. Cox, James A. Crawford, Patrick Crosby, Nicholas Crosby, William J. Cuber, James Cummins, Francis L. Cwik, Frank H. Czajka, Frank H. Czerwinski, Victor J. Delaney, William J. Dennehy, Patrick Dister, Joseph E. Doster, Harry V. Doyle, Laurence Wm. Driess, Harmon O. Drury, Charles A. Dumas, Raoul Dusek, Rudolph J. Dusek, Victor A. Dwyer, Frank Egan, Edward Egan, Thos. J. Franklin, John J. Gallagher, Bernard Gallagher, John Gallagher, Michael J. 624 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Gallagher, Patrick J. Gallagher, Thomas J. Gast, A. H. Giles, J. H. Grant, John Jos. Hajicek, Frank G. Hall, Alfred M. Hall, George S. Hall, Stanley G. Halle, Edward J. Hanket, Albert P. Harper, Edward J. Healy, Jeremiah J. Kale, Paul A. Karlicek, Anton Kavanaugh, Michael Keaty, Michael F. Kearin, Joseph Kearin, Martin J. Kelly, Harry P. Kelly, John W. Kelly, Melville R. Kelly, Peter M. Kelly, Richard Kenealy, William J. Kennedy, John P. McCartliy, Eugene A. McCarthy, James J. McCarthy, N. S. McCormick, Thos. J. McEssey, John H. McGovern, F. J. McGrath, Thos. F. McKay, James McNichols, John P. Mahoney, Jeremiah O. Mahoney, Michael O. Makowski, Leo A. Malinski, Stanley L. Bodies of American Soldiers Killed in Siberia, in Caskets Prepared for Shipment to America. Photographed by Hennessey, Dr. R. A. Higgins, Theodore Hirschman, Albert A. Hloucal, Arthur F. Hoberg, Ralph J. Holec, Anton F. Hosna, William J. Houda, B. M. Houda, James C. Hubert Merten W. Janda, Charles J. Jasinskl, Theodore J. Jedlicka, Jas. J., Jr. Jedlicka, Joseph F. Jelinek, Thomas Jenicek, Frank L. Jiracek. Frank M. Jirak, Frank J. Johnson, Raymond J. Kaczinski, Walter Kennedy, Patrick J. Kilbride, Thos. G. Knitter, Henry L. Knitter, Paul A. Kochka, Norbert F. Komann, Frank R. Kovarik, Frank J. Krajic, George J. Kraman, Frank M. Kramer, Irving F. Krippner, Thomas Kucera, Joseph F. Kupka, James Leahy, Robert J. Le Beau, Clarence A. Lessard, George J. Lidinskl, John, Jr. Liska, John P. Lortle, William A. McCaffrey, Patrick Malone, James P. Malone, M. Leo Martinek, Alois J. Masek, Geo. F. Mattone, Charles R. Means, Stanley J. Miller, George T. Milota, John P. Minnett, Robert J. Mooney, Thos. H. Moore, Harold F. Morrash, Fred Morrison, Martin A. Mulvihill, Ed. J. Murphy, Chas. T. Murphy, Frank A. Neuzil, Francis J. Neuzil, E. S. Nolan, John J., Sr. Nolan, John J., Jr. WAE^THE ROLL OF HONOR 625 Norton, Wm. C. Novak, Frank G. Nugent, Dr. Arthur C. Ouper, Jerry F. Ouper, Otto J. Padden, Roger H. Panek, James J. Payne, Alexander A. Pekar, Frank N. Pelnar, Otto J. Pender, William Peysen, Nicholas J. Plambeck, Walter M. Posedel, James F. Quillman, John T. Quinlan, Robert P. Quinn, William Reidy, William F. Reuland, Alois P. Rezab, Joseph Rezba, William J. Riordan, James Rohlfing, Albert H. Rose, William B. Russell, David Ruzicka, James F. Ryan, George A. Ryan, James P. Ryan, Raymond P. Ryan, Walter J. Rycroft, John R. Saul, James J. Schultz, Joseph Schultz, Stanley L. Shanahan, Roger Shannon, John A. Sharkey, Frank J. Sharkey, Wm. M. Sirovatka, Geo. J. Sladek, John .1. Slama, James J. Smith, Daniel J. Solger, Edward N. Solger, Otto C. Soukup, James E. Stary, George A. Steffens, Lincoln J. Stratton, Donald F. Strnad, George C. Strnad, Joseph Strnad, Joseph J. Suarez, Frederick V. Sujak, Kazmer A. Sullivan, John J. Svec, Frank J. Swierkowski, John Tracy, James F. Tefo, Arthur J. Teply, Frank J. Thornton, Geo. F. Trudel, Edward J. Turek, A. J. Vavrik, Anton J. Vondriska, Frank, Jr. Vondriska, William Votava, Joseph Vyhnanek, Frank J. Walker, Ralph F. Walsh, David G. Walsh, Dr. Jas. J. Walsh, John F. Walsh, John J. Walsh, Thos. G. Walsh, Martin Wangler, Stephen P. Williams, Frank E. Wosta, Joseph F. 985 MINONK, Minonk Barclay, C. E. Barclay, T. F. Cleary, Boniface Cleary, M. J., Jr. Colravy, Bert Costello, L. V. Fitzgerald, Chas. Gibbons, Isidore Gregg, C. E. Hayes, Francis Halfmann, Geo. A. Kennell, Robert Kerrigan, John McPherson, Chas. Quinn, Thos. A. Tully, Ralph C. Werckman, John 1009 RAVENSWOOD, Chicago Ackerman, A. W. Allen, Vincent H. Each, Gilbert W. Bendeum, Wm. H. Bialk, Geo. H. Blesius, M. O., Jr. Blesius, M. P. J. Blindauer, Adam P. Blindauer, John M. Branch, Geo. E. Brenner, F. M. Broderick, F. J. Campbell, Rev. J. P. Clark, W. J. Coleman, Edward H. Coolsen, Raymond J. Corcoran, Peter Cullen, H. J. Cunningham^ Elmer J. Cunningham, Jos. P. Cunningham, T. B. polan, Dr. E. J. Fee, James Fitzgerald, W. F. Fox, David J. Gallery, Robert E. Grady, Jos. P. Griffin, John M. Groenwald, Florian Hackett, John W. Hathaway, H. J. Hayes, Thos. V. Heath, L. G. Heavey, Thos. J. Heidkamp, E. M. Heil, Earl J. Hellgeth, John H. Kane, Wm. T. Kalvelage, Geo. J. Ivartheiser, W. H. Keating, Henry M. Kenney, Richard E. Kerwin, John M. Kiefer, John M. King, John M. King, James J. King, Arthur L. Kirchen, Theo. L. Kuehles, Vincent J. Kuhlman, F. H., Jr. Labich, H. R., Jr. Leider, E. H. Liebl, Henry C. Lowe, Anthony J. Lusk, Dr. Frank B. Lyons, James M. Mast, Wm. E. Massion, Edw. J. McCaughey, H. J. McDonald, H. R. McGrath, Thos. J. McNamee, Chas. J. Norton, Thos. M. Pastrick, Anthony Pontius, T. G. Reilly, Chas. H. 626 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Schweisthal, John Seifert. H. J. Seifert, T. H. Shelley, Clement H. Smith, B. W. Teppe, Frank Welchorod, Rudolph Whalen, Lewis R. White, W. F. Winter, Leo L. 1023 CLINTON, Clinton Fleming, John L. Gallegar, Daniel Hamilton, John Hamilton, Thos. Hart, Jos. Hart, Emmett Hart, Leo T. Hart, Paul M. Jordan, Carroll Lonergan, E. Lynch, Bernard Miller, Jos. Smith, Wm. 1025 CENTRALIA, Centralia Bauer, L. H. Black, E. J. Brady, H. J. Chuse, Rev. E. M. Dieckman, George Ducci, James Hazelwood, Neil Kirsel, Dr. J. P. Lenzini, J. E. Lenzini, Mells Meyer, Oliver Morris, P. J. Taylor, Harry Vogt, Win Waggoner, E. J. Wehule, Frank J. Wehule, Thos. J. Yoos, Geo. B. 1026 ASSUMPTION COUNCIL, Assumption Bantnei-, Emmett Creamer, John Connolly, Daniel Cocagne, Jos. Coughlan, John G. Debrun, Thomas Debrun, John Devlin, Thos. A. Donovan, Aden Flaherty, John Finnegan, John Michael, Aloysius Michael, Robert McGrath, Daniei Norris, Wm. O'Brien, James Rodier, Edw. J. Rodier, Napolean Schoenborn, Adam Smallwood, Vincent E 1027 CAIRO, Cairo Aoldfield, Alf. Barry, Lawrence E. Barry, David, Jr. Beno, Emil Boakenkamp, Albert Bourgois. Louis Brady, W. T. Bucher, Eberhard P. Bucher, Jos. C. Cahill, Hugh Carlson, Edwin A. Clark, Nicholas Cotter, Edward J. Cooke, James B. Cowell, Elmer G. Cowell, Jas. A. Crehan, E. H. Curran, Charles E. Curren, Charles Darmody, R. E. Devlin, Andy J. Donovan, Francis Z. Dowd, Peter J., Sr. Driscoll, M. B. Driscoll, T. B. Driscoll, John J. Duquesnay, Alan Egan, Frank T. Eswein, A. J. Elias, Shakir H. Fischer, John A. Fitzgerald, Henry M. Fitzgerald, Philip S. PMagler, Edward M. Gallagher, James Gannon, Thomas Gillespie, W. C. Gillespie, D. E. Green, Harry L. Greenwell, Paul R. Glynn, J. J. Hanna, William R. Hessian, H. V. Huhner, Henry W. James, W. L. Kain, J. M. Karcher, Frank A. Kuesner, E. F. Lee, Albert J. Lind, Albert B. Linehan, John J. Martin, Harry K. McKenzie, Francis R. McManus, William A. McFaggartt, Thomas Magner, Michael A. Magee, A. S. Magee, Paul Magee, Walter Mattingly, W. B. Mattingly, George Moore, A. S. Newton, Joseph E. Newton, Paul O'Kane, William J. O'Laughlin, John J. O'Sullivan, Joseph Patton, John J. Parks, Thomas J. Powell, William H. Powell, Cyril M. Read, Francis P. Ritchie, Curtis P. Ritchie, Raymond Ryan, William B, WAEr— THE ROLL OF HONOR 627 Ryan, Walter D. Schuler, Ralph R. Stout, Edward J. Stout, Harry M. Baechle, Eugene F. Breldenbach, Al. A. Becherer, Paul W. Courar, John W. Plach, John Frees, "Walter W. Heiligenstein, A. E. Heiligenstein, Edw. Heckenkamp, E. B. Hirsch, Bernard D. Huth, John C. Juen, Edward A. Juen, John L. Klock, Nicholas E. Barry, Wm. Easquel, Thos. E. Bensinger, H. "V. Birren, Albert E. Birren, Edw. G. Bowler, John Broche, A. T. Broderlck, F. J. Campbell, Bernard Carney, Jas. T. Casey, Walter M. Case, Chas. D. Chambers, Thos. Conlin, Edison J. Corbett, John P. Craine, John B. Collins, Dr. J. J. Connolly, Wm. E. Cummings, N. W. Cummings, Vincent Cunningham, W. E. Diver, Jas. T. Dowling, Wm. R. Deegan, Harry F. Diver, J. Emmett Drinkwater. F. J. Dowling, H. J. Fleming, Wm. J. Fox, Andrew C. Frampton, Edward Frampton, Wm. Frazier, Claude Garrity, Michael Gallagher, John A. Gannon, Thos. M. Gannon, Wm. C. Gillespie, B. A. Gibbons, R. P. Antoine. LeRoy Coleman. Wm. B. Feltes, Jos. P. Hayes, Wm. T. Shannahan, Edwin J. Scullin, Charles Shaf ter, A. J. Stout, Albert H. Thomas, B. J. Tolker, H. A. Weber, Charles L. M. Westerman, J. S. 1028 BELLEVILLE, Belleville Klapp, Emil C. Kniepmann, Theo. J. Klingenhagen, H. J. Kohl, Edward A. Leingang, Frank J. Meyer, Henry W. Muren, Aloys F. Muren, H. L. Mueller, Ferd. E. Mueller, Joseph C. Pflugmacher, Irwin J. Pollock, John C. Rudolph, Cyril J. Rinck, George W. Reis, Edwin V. Rutter, Bernard J. Rutter, Harry N. Reime, Adalbert M. Schanherr, Chris. M. Schlosser, Edwin C. Spinnenweber, C. E. Voellinger, John M. Wuller, Frank C. Wenzel, Herman J. Wellinghoff, F. G. Wellinghoff , J. H. 1030 BROWNSON, Chicago Heavey, Wm. J. ITenig, Bernard Hennelly, Chas. Hogan, Thos. W. Halligan, Edward Ilaufstengel, L. A. Hawley, Chas. Haynes, Wm. E. Kane, Edw. J. Kaufholdt, L. S. Kearins. Francis Kearns, James N. Kearney, Marshall V. Kolkau, Geo. Krier, Valentine Kilroy, Peter Joyce, John T. Kelly, Patrick J. Kiley, Michael W. King, John J. Kolkau, Geo. Lawler, F. J. Malone, Thos. M. Mangan, Jas. E. Minogue, Paul Mullin, Edwin F. McManemin, John F. McPhee, Norman Mathis, Chas. E. McGowan, Thos. M. Michels, Edward McNulty, C. J. Milbert, Philip S. Morris, Harry J. Millin, Douglas J. Mulchrone, Anthony Murphy, John T. McAvoy, Murray F. McShane, John F. Nestor, Owen R. O'Brien, John O'Donnell, Michael O'Malley, Owen O'Malley, John P. O'Connor, B. F. O'Connor, Jas. P. O'Hare, John C. O'Leary, Chas. R. O'Malley, Edw. F. O'Malley, John Patock, Aug. L. Quinn, Chas. J. Quinlan. John Rieger, Dr. K. P. Itudd, Harold J. Sauter, Jos. F. A. Schmugge, Geo. M. Schaack, Jos. J. Sehnem, Wm. Colon Shearin, John P. Sheridan, Michael Schumacher, H. A. Spellman, Michael Sughura, Thos. J. Snyder, J. M. Staszak, John J. Stoy, Jos. A. Tepe, C. P. Walsh, Stephen White, Leo C. Waldron, E. J. Walschon, Henry P Walsh, Frank A. Walsh, W. F. 1035 ROCHELLE, Rochelle Kahler, Howard M. Kelley, Frank Kerby, Jas. F. Leahy, David J. Maley. Robert C. Moore, Geo. D. Sherlock, Walter 628 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1047 IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, Ivesdale Devine, Erwin Keane, Francis Scully, John J. Sheehan, John R. Undine, Virgil Walter, Louis 1048 DANIEL O'CONNELL, Chicago Bailey, John Becker, W. Bonfig, A. Gregg-, J. J. Cleary, E. C. Grotty, George Cross, J. R. Crowe, Thos. E. Cullinan, D. P. Delacour, Joseph Flynn, James Flynn, T. A. Flynn, T. B. Flynn, T. W., Jr. Gallagher, M. Gavin, Ray Gibbons, Austin Gibbons, James Gillespie, T. J. Giomi, A. P. Gronnin, A. P. Haffey, Frank Hayes, Frank Hopkins, J. Hopkins, R. C. Hyland, W. E. Kennedy, J. L. Mahoney, J. T. Maganot, Joseph McCormick, M. McNeff. E. B. Miller, Chas. Nolan, F. J. O'Connor, B. O'Connor, Ted Quan, M. J. Quinn, Hugh Reidy, D. Rice, M. Rocco, Louis Spreitzer, A. A. Tobin, F. Ward, R. E. 1057 MATTOON, Mattoon Beall, John Berning, H. W. Bleakley, B. J. Branan, D. W. Brumleve, A. J. Brumleve, Ferd. Brumleve, Ralph Capen, R. A. Conlin, John Conrad, J. W. Crimmons, Prank Dunne, Rev. J. J. Franklin, G. G. Gorman, Tony Haley, W. F. Hess, C. J. Hoag, F. A. Jones, J. Q. Linck, J. A. Mattus, Dudley Mellen, Neal Moran, L. C. Mayer, F. G. Morris, J. A. Moran, M. C. McAndrew, W. McCarthy. Leo L. Nolan. J. F. Ohm, F. Oneil, J. H. Rourke, R. J. Raef, C. A. Rowe, J. L. Shea, T. H., Jr. Schmaelzle, O. I. Stevenson, W. L. Stephens, W. M. Thies, E. C. Tripp, C. W. Walsh, W. C. Welch, F. M. Welch, H. C. Welch, R. E. VoHmer, R. C. 1063 DANIEL DOWLING, Chicago Ahern, Cornelius J. Ahern, John E. Baldinger, Edward C. Beam, Harry P. Beauchamp, Wilfred Belcik, Frank Bermele, William M. Bracken, Dr. Geo. F. Brady, William A. Brennen, John F. Brennen, Thomas J. Brice, William T. Bronsky, A. J. Bruehl, John Bruehl, Wm. G. Bruen, John Burger, John M. Burnes, John P. Bush, Earl F. Callahan, Harry J. Carson, Walter T. Carroll, William D. Carney, Patrick J. Carney, Thomas J. Carroll, William E. Casey, T. E. Cawley, James B. Cawley, Frank R. Chausse, J. S. Conway, John P. Cogger, John J. Connelly, Matt. Connelly, Raymond F. Connery, James P. Cronin, John R. Cronin, Timothy E. Crimmins, Timothy J. Cullen, Thomas P. Curran, John, Jr. Cusack, Joseph M. Cummings, John Cullen, Frank Curran, Morgan Dacey, Henry J. Daley, John J. Derdzinske, John J. Dillon, Walter J. Dillon, Francis E. Doherty, John M. Doherty, Thomas J. Doney, James Donnelly, William F. Donavan, Jerome C. Doolan, Joseph Dromey, Emmett J. Duggan, Michael P. Dunne, Arthur C. Dunne, Clarence F. DuPont, Eugene Durand, Harry J. Earls, Harry J. Etten, Nicholas J. Farrell, J. P. Farilio, Francis P. Feehan, Martin J. Flanagan, John J. F'urlong, William E. Fortier, Leon Flanagan, Thos. J. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 629 Flynn, John P. Frawley, John P. Gausselin, Albert H. Gallagher, John J. Gaul, James F. Gignac, Alphonse J. Gignac, Victor Giblin, Francis A. Giblin, John Gignac, Uldric Gill, Walter B. Glass, Christ Gleason, Edward F. Gleason, John J. Gleason, Philip Golden, Eugene Golden, John A. Gorman, Gibson E. Gorman, William Gormley, Leo J. Gravel, Raoul L. Grogan, Lyle J. Harejsi, Joseph J. Hartnett, John F. Hartnett, Michael B. Harty, Geo. E. Harty, William N. Ilartigan, William J Hebel, Joseph J. Henderson, Matt. F. Henderson, Fred. J. Hoffman, Nicholas J. Hogan, John E. Hoh, John M. Honan, John F. Hughes, John V. Houlihan, Dom. D. Jordon, John F. Kane, John L. Kangley, Rev. J. M. Kearney, Patrick J. Kearney, Peter J. Kehoe, Joseph M. Kelly, Edward J. Kelly, Harry S. Kelly, Lawrence J. Kelly, William J. Kidawa, Benjamin J. Kidawa, P. T. Kiley, John J. King, Earl King, Geo. E. Konen, William M. Krug, Gilbert W. Labuda, Leo J. Landis, William F. Lane, C. O. Lane, D. F. Lane, Frank V. Larney, Edwin J. Leary, Frank E. Leschinski, Jos. B. Linder, John F. Mack, Raymond F. Madigan, Howard J. Maher, James J. Maloney, Martin M. Maloney, Thomas H. Marley, James J. Massoth, Charles G. Mau, Fred Maynard, Joseph A. Meade, John Millette, Timothy Minahan, C. P. Minahan, John J. Moisan, Charles J. Moore, Thomas J. Moran, Edward V. Mortell, Samuel B. Mulcahy, Michael J. Mulholland, Frank A. Mulholland, Joseph Mulrainey, Patrick J. Mungovan, John F. Murray, William J. McAvoy, Clarence D. McCahill, Frank W. Mcllvenny, Albert J. McCarthy, Thomas McCormick, John J. McDonald, Prank T. McGrath, Michael P. Mclnerney, Thos. F. McJohn, Francis A. McKay, John F. McDonough, Wm. J. McKenna, James McMahon, Joseph A. McMahon, Leo D. McNamara, Frank Nagle, Michael Nolan, Charles L. Novak, Joseph J. Nulty, Francis J. O'Brien, Gerald O'Connell, Daniel J. O'Keefe, John B. O'Keefe, John F. O'Leary, Daniel L. Oliver, Stanley J. O'Neil, John T. O'Neil, M. J. O'Regan, Charles D. O'Sullivan, James J. Payan, Harry J. Piper, F. L. Polarek, Michael Popowich, Michael A. Pouliott, Homer J. Raymond, William J. Reddington. John L. Reynolds, P. J. Reynolds, Patrick J. Rooney, Walter A. Rudcki, Joseph V. Ryan, Andrew P. Ryan, Thomas A. Ryan, Terrance J. Sauve, Edgar J. Secor, Orel B. Schuster, Charles A. Schuster, Ray. F. Scheldt, Edward G. Scott, William E. Shanahan, John Shanahan, James B. Shanahan, Robert E. Shanahan, Thomas A. Shannon, James Shea, Frank J. Sheehan, Thomas F. Shea, William K. Shearin, Vincent D. Shields, Bernard J. Shine, Joseph J. Shevlin, F. J. Stokes, Daniel L. Sullivan, Ira B. Sutherland, J. J. Thomas, Daniel Thornton, John P. Tormey, Robert J. Tuffy, Michael J. Tully, John M. Tuton, Walter D. Ulrich, Leo J. Victory, Bernard M. Wagner, John F. Walsh, Michael Walsh, Patrick Ward, Eugene Ward, William Weister, Nicholas Weithers, Thomas J. White, John J. Williams, Daniel T. Yeuk, L. Abernathy, John Roy Amidon, Geo. F. Arns, Peter Arseneau, A. Arseneau, A. J. Baron, Del. F. Berry, Harry Boiler, Frank Borre, Oscar 1077 NEWMAN, Evanston Brew, Thomas Bruder, Frank Buck, Walter Connor, Thos. A. Corcoran, John Cunningham, J. J. Coursey, Daniel Davis, Wm. E. Driscoll, John Leo Doyle, Wm. P. Engels, Carl Finley, Martin Fitzgerald, Patrick F'ranklna, Anthony Gallagher, John C. Gaudreau, Edw. Gaughan, Michael Gaynor, Jas. 630 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Gaynor, Jos. Geimer, Francis Geisecker, Peter J. Gross, Aloysius P. Gouchaour, Roscoe Harrington, Rev. J. M. Hartke, Rev. Leo M. Hawzhurst, Earl Hayes. Daniel J. Hayes, John Hayden, John Heanry, Adrean Herms, John J. Horan, Michael T. Jaeger, Henry M. Jans, Jos. Keegan, John R. Kelly, Wm. Kinsella, John Kircher, Edw. Klauke, Henry J. Knowles, Ernest Krejci, Jacob Lange, Walter Lamberty, Mathew Lason, Henry Liechner, John Leider, Wm. Lentil, Vincent J. Lennon, Jas. Littel, Jos. Mahoney, Daniel McDonough, Arthur McDonough, Walter McEnery, Jas. McGill, Ernest Chas. McKenna, Hugh McKeon, Rev. Jas. G. McLaren, Glenn McNair, Colin McTernan, Meredith Mellody, Jas. P. Mellody, Patrick J. Mersch, Mathias Mersch, Nicholas F. Meyer, Leo Moran, W. J. Murphy, John Murphy, Thos. Murray, John Niehoff, Paul Nilles, Francis J. O'Brien, Mauiice O'Dw^yer, Dennis Oik, Michael O'Loughlin, Thos. Paradise, Michael Pekin, Richard Penny, John N. Phalen, Robt. W. Pollard, Jas. Ratcliffe, Geo. Reis, Jos. E. Rose, Jos. Leonard Shanesy, Ralph Spearman, E. L. Sullivan, Chas. Troy, Thos. B. ^Vynn, John 1089 THOMAS AQUINAS, Chicago Ash, James Bates, J. W. Bay, B. P. Becker. E. N. Bergen, L. R. Bohac, E. J. Bowsers, J. B. Brazil, W. T. Brennan, M. J. Byrne, W. P. Benson, E. W. Carey, Phil. P. Carey, Thos. Carroll, J. Casey, N. J. Clancy, M. A. Clerkin, P. A. Collins, J. J. Collins, J. C. Carroll, T. J. Connelly, J. A. Conroy, T. P. Cook, Bennett Costello, B. J. Daly, W. B. Danforth, T. F. Deady, J. Doyle, M. J. Duffy, F. H. Dufficy, W. J. Dunne, Peter Kgan, J. P. English, J. E. Fitzgerald, J. J. Falvey, J. F. Friel, S. J. Gallagher, A. J. Gallagher, J. P. Grace, M. A. Grace, W. J. Gambon, J. T. Hanlon, J. E. Hanlon, J. T. Hannigan, T. B. Harvey, T. J. Hazzard, B. G. Heaphy, T. P. Hickey, W. J. Hynes, P. J. Jeffers, H. B. Jeffers, T. W. Kane, V. T. Keegan, N. R. Keegan, W. L. Kennedy, E. M. Kerrigan, J. C. Killeen, R. E. Kilty, J. M. King, Martin Kurtz, G. J. King, W. N. Lane, W. R. Larson, N. W. Luke, A. F. Lynch, J. J. May, L. I. Meegan, J. P. Milligan, F. A. Minehan, J. J. Murphy, E. A. Moore, W. J. Mugan, C. J. Mulroyan, J. Murphy, J. B. McCarthy, F. C. McCarthy, J. A. McCarthy, Dr. T. J. McDonald, C. P. McGinness, J. C. McCormick, T. P. McCormack, W. J. McGorrin, S. A. McCorry, J. E. McDonough, J. F. McGurk, P. J. McGrath, M. G. McGrath, R. E. Mclntyre, J. P. McKee, J. F. McSparren, Dan. Noone, Michael Noone, Thos. O'Brien, W. J. O'Brien, R. J. O'Halloran, J. J. O'Malley, O. O'Rourke, J. H. Parrington, G. J. Ploger, F. J. Quillinan, E. J. Quillinan, M. F. Reidy, J. J. Riordan, Ed. Ruddy, E. L. Ryan, J. R. Ryan, P. J. Ryan, R. E. Sarsfleld, J. P. Sarsfleld, J. M. Scott, M. L. Sheehan, M. J. Sheehan, P. J. Van Derwarn, H. G Walsh, W. C. Walsh, E. E. Whelan, J. J. Yore, E. J. Yore, W. M. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 631 1092 OREGON, Oregon Stine, John L. 1098 TRI-GITIES, Granite City Buchek, Stephen Brennan, Thos. P. Brennan, Wm. J. Connole, Leo J. Eiler, Andrew, Jr. Fields, A. W. Fetters, Chas. J. Grayson, Wm. F. Hartmann, Harry Kelehan, Joseph R. McCambridge, Harry Oldham, Edgar Phayer, Clifford Phayer, Chas. J. Reidelberger, Jos. P. Rees, Thos. W. Robbers, John O. Shea, Wm. J. Schmitt, Chas. J. Schwemmer, Leo J. Sheridan, Phil. H. Strohaker, David Thomure, Francis A. Van Buskirk, L., Jr. Vorwald, Casper Von Leer, Hunter J. Winklmeier, John 1118 COMMODORE BARRY, Chicago Adams, Wm. W. Albright, Harry Ambrose, Geo. Anderson, Leo M. Angarola, Michael Armgardt, Chas. P. Bachand, Maurice L. Barrett, Jas. R. Barry, Edward F. Barry, John A. Baume, J. F. Bayer, Jos. Benson, Wm. A. Bernero, Dominic C. Bost, Willis J. Black, Randall J. Bogan, Jos. H. Bolger, Thos. P. Bonner, Edward J. Bouley, Jos. T. Bowes, Jos. W. Boyle, Matthew J. Branks, Paul A. Brannigan, John H. Brennan, Thos. H. Brierty, Jas. Brizzolara, Ralph D. Brosnan, John J. Brosnan, Patrick J. Brown, Edmund J. Brown, John J. Buckley, Leo J. Burke, John F. Burke, John P. Butler, Robt. V. Byrne, Jas. B. Cahill, Leo J. Campbell, Geo. W. Campion, Clare Campion, Paul J. Campion, Walter J. Carey, Jas. F. Carmody, Henry F. Carpenter, Arthur Carroll, Jas. J. Casey, Jas. W. Cashen, Thos. J. Cella, Jos. A. Chase, John F. Clark, Edward E. Cleary, Wm. F. Cody, Edward F. Cody, Michael W. Coffey, Jas. F. Collins, Wm. P. Comiskey, John J. Conboy, Richard E. Concannon, Austin T. Concannon, Jas. F. Conlon, Thos. Connelly, Edwin J. Connelly, Robt. M. Connors, Chas. H. Considine, Frank J. Conway, John J. Cooney, Frank M. Corcoran, John J. Carrigan, Wm. F. Costello, John H. Coug'hlin, Raymond J. Coy, Edward S. Cribben, Andrew P. Cronin, David J. Cross, Walter E. Cunningham, John P. Cunningham, Thos. P. Czajkowski, L. S. Daley, Walter F. Daly, John C. Daly, Jos. M. Deja, Edward A. Delaney, John D. Delury, Leo E. Deno, Frank L. Dillon, John J. Divane, John J. Dokupil, Wm. J. Donahue, Chas. P. Donahue, Terrence C. Donahue, Thos. C. Donovan, Leo J. Doran, John J. Dowdall, Peter Downey, John P. Drew, Jas. J. Duffy, Jas. J. Dugan, John A. Dollard, Clarence K. Dunne, Edward J. Durkin, Raymond J. Dwyer, Edward J. Dwyer, Jos. E. Dwyer, Niles M. Eckles, Edward L. Egan, William P. Ellis, Frank J. Ellis, Geo. H. Emery, Herbert B. Engelbert, Matt. A. Fallon, Ruppert S. Fallon, Thos. Fanning, Chas. K. Farrell, Patrick J. Farrell, Thos. J. Fauls, John J. Fauls, Thos. B. Fearon, Frank .J. Deeley, John J. Fenlon, Lawrence J. Fink, Edward R. Finn, Jas. P. Finnegan, John J. Fisher, Kirby E. Fitzgerald, Edw. F. Fitzgerald, Frank Fitzgerald, John E. Fitzpatrick, John J. Flahive, Jos. Fleming, J. J. Foley, Jas. P. Foley, Jas. L. Foley, Wm. J. Forst, W. J. Forster, Edward J. Frawley, Michael J. Furlong, Wm. I'. Gallagher, Daniel J. Gambon, Jas. J. Ganey, Harry A. Garrity, Wm. M. Gavlgan, Walter J. Gay, Walter V. Gearin, John J. Ueimer, Edward L Gendron, Chas. Gerlach, Al. J. Gersten, Geo. F. zxi^^!rs iW o: 1" iV- • T>; I3-. -:»rmJg: ■«— iTr»«- _ "'^ — .XJIC -- "T^i nt - '' • a. 'J — g^TTTr- -'T:— ^-i w -rr f* -ffir.r- TifTT "ST^L jt_ 2 --'T n iTTT ^ — :?:--T I ir ^ Seme TT. J-- t^zJiWiny-- ♦-rsoina j- ".1^ iJ- ■ *. — '^ JT £>^ i-rt :Trt- « — '-nsr '^ 3^3. 1>rTi- ' 634 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS O'Shaughnessy, A. B. O'Toole, Charles Parker, Leo A. Parro, Ray Parro, Vincent Philbin, Martin Powers, Jas. J. Quinlan, Walter . Quinn, James M. Reilly, Philip P. Reilly, Charles T. Riley, Walter T. Riordan, John J. Riordan, William J. Rourke, Walter F. Rushlow, Chester D. Sand, William J. Scheldt, A. E. Smith, Frank J. Smith, Walter J. Snedeker, Chas. E. Stapleton, Thos. F. Starr, Louis J. Starr, Ed. M. Taylor, James T. Thulis, Edward Vacca, Carnie Wales, Ambrose Warburton, F. W. Webb, William J. Whalen, Edward J. Whalen, Patrick J. White, Joseph R. White, Rich E. White, Francis L. Wright, Frank A. 1143 EDWARDSVILLE, Edwardsville Creane, John T . Dooner, T. C. Fink, Anthony Fink, Dr. LeRoy Flynn, Jas. E. Fagan, Matthew Franek, F. J. Foehrkalb, A. J. Grebel, K. G. Grebel, C. G. Hotz, B. J. Hentz, C. J. Hentz, J. E. Hentz, D. D. Kesl, Jos. Kurman, B. J. Levora, L. C. Lawson, C. A. liong, Jos. A. Nitsche, Geo. J. Rotter, C. J. Rotter, E. W. Schmidt, Leo J. Svoboda, Alois Soehlke, John B. Stieren, Oliver B. Troeckler, M. C. Thares, W. A. Thares, R. J. 1151 MORRISONVILLE, Morrisonville Albright, Walter Coady, Patrick F. Colbrook, Wm. P. Curtin, Geo. W. Doyle, Robert Ganer, John V. Ganer, Joseph J. Ganer, Otto M. Goebel, Leonard Graham, Matthew Kinney, Leo Langen, Cletus Langen, Wm. L. May, Daniel H. McLean, Owen R. Munstermann, A. A. Nolan, Frank J. Norris, John W. Norris, Thos. PritzlafC. Chas. P. Sheahan, John G. Shields, Frank 1152 ST. ISIDORE'S, Farmersville Barry, Ralph Brown, Wm. R. Clarke, Arthur T. Commerf ord, L. Leo Fitzgerald, Jos. Gorman, Martin L. Jordan, Jas. A. McAmarmey, M. A. McLean, Martin F. Swagerman, Richard Woods, Roy 1157 ST. CYR DAY, Chicago Adams, Patrick Ahern, Michael J. Anderson, Earl P. Balek, John Barry, Hugh Barry, John Bartley, Hugh E. Birke, James Birmingham, John D. Bogardu, Raphael C. Brennan, Frank Brennock, Raymond Broncato, Anthony Buckley, George T. Burke, Jos. Butler, Edward T. Byrnes, Maurice R. Callaghan, Alexander Carroll, James A. W. Carroll, Raymond J. Carton, Richard F. Clifford, John R. Clifford, Patrick J. Connolly, Peter Cooney, Wm. A. Dickenson, Raymond Divita, Sam Donovan, Rev. F. E. Downing, Frank J. English, Harry Fitzgerald, Harry Fleming, Garrett Ford, Daniel P. Ford. Peter R. Gaynor, Anthony J. Gibbons, Thos. W. Golden, Martin Hebner, Edward Hough, Jos. M. Kane, Robert E. Kearns, Frank R. Keeley, Patrick J. Kennedy, Bert J. Kennedy, Frank King, Michael Krump, Edw. J. Kusick, H. B., Jr. Lee, Thomas Locashio, Thomas Madden, Jos. Maher, Thos. L. Mairiello, Joseph Martin, John F. McCarthy, Thos. J. McCourt, Jas. McHugh, Thos. M. McNulty, Chas. A. McNulty, Owen Michalek, August Mossman, Michael Nagle, Dr. Richard A. Naimoli, Louis Nash, Martin Occhipinti, Severio O'Dea, Robert O.ster, Peter Payne, Geo. M. Porcello, Sam Quan, David P, WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 635 Ryan, Wm. J. Salaj, Joseph Shiffers, Emil Schoenbauer, Jos. J. Szatowski, Anthony Treanor, Bernard Walsh, David J. Watheir, Albert Wilkenson, R. P. voamfl^S^gR^^ ^^H H[f "wrjl V.X ^ilV ^^^^^^^H ^^^ ai^' jJl ^ 1 Svi idl ' i HON. JOSEPH P. BUUKE, St. Cyr Day Council, Associate Justice Municipal Court of Chicago Lieut. Burke responded to the call of his country and served until regularly discharged after the close of the war. He was elected Judge soon after EMMET J. McCarthy, Father Perez Council. Entered serv- ice July 6, 1917. Aviation Corps U.S.A. (S. S. A. S. V. S.) Instructor in Flying, Kelly Field, Texas. Over- seas July, 1918, to February, 1919. Second lieutenant, recommended for first lieutenant Arado, A. S. Atkinson, W. M. Cahlll, Wm. C. Coughlin, Dr. John P. Butler, Thos. J. Daly, Frank A. Donoghue, John J. Dore, Frank D. DuBois, C. J. Eggerman, A. H. F'rey, Walter G. Griffin, John H. Groeninger, E. P. Groves, Walter B. Hill. Henry C. Hoban. William 1156 HENNEPIN, Chicago Hosty, James P. Hughes, Joseph L. Keane, C. W. Kenealy, John J. Kirka, William T. Klink, C. E. Liston, John B. Lynch, W. F. McCabe, Edward J. McCune, Howard A. Maher, Edward B. Milan, Thomas J. Mooney, P. J. Murphy, Philip H. O'Shea, William A. Rains, B. K. Raymond, Leo F. Riley, Edward J. St. Peter, Edward Schwartz, Charles G. Scott, Elmer F. Shealy, James T. Sullivan, William B. Toomey, John T. Tuohy, Robert U. Uhlrich, Emil J. Walsh, Michael J. Warren, Jerry P. Warren, John M. Welser, Geo. J. 636 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1176 PEREZ COUNCIL, Lockport Adelman Bowlan, Edw. P. Bowlan, Jos. D. Bowlan, Julian M. Coyne, Walter E. Coyne, Robert J. Connor, Matthew A. Crabk, James M., Jr. Dougherty, Jos. B. Dailey, Aloysius P. Dunn, Stephen J. Donavan, John F. Eipers, Paul A. Flavin, L. S. Flavin, Maurice Thos. Hyland, Joe A. Hyland, Thomas Mostyn, John P. Meurer, Jos. J. Mackin, Reid Martin, Wm. C. Martin, Michael P. Murray, Chas. Murray, Basil Murray, Bernard Munchalfen, F. Jos. O'Brien, Andrew Rigoni, James P. Ryan, Thos. F. Reagan, Bernard W. Tondini, Louis Timm, Julius E. Wallace, Robert Ward, Leo Peter Ward, William J. 1194 ARCHBISHOP McHALE, Chicago Abramg, Wm. Bechtloff, W. P. Bent, P. J. Berry, J. P. Berry, J. J. Bertram, J. J. Birmingham, J. C. Blake, J. W. Blake, R. G. Bornhofen, J. J. Bourke, E. F. Brennan, J. J. Brew, Geo. J. Burke, J. H. Burns, C. T. Burns, J. J. Cadmen, Chas. Campbell, A. B. Carney, John Carroll, E. J. Casey, F. J. Casey, J. M. Cody, C. J. Cole, W. G. Connolly, E. S. Costello, T. C. Cotter. J. Cronin, Frank B. Cronin, J. G. Coughlin, P. J. Cramsie, Fred Dalton, Geo. W. Daly, Clair Darcy, J. P. Deeley, W. F. Deeley, S. J. Devery, J. J. Devery, W. F. Donnellv, A. M. Duffy, F. H. Dunne, T. E. Duval, J. H. Dwyer, C. J. Dwyer, J. A. Engel, J. M. Engemann, C. A. Erhardt, A. J. Everling, J. F. Filler, P. Fleming, J. J. Fleming, J. P. Gallagher, J. W. Gilbo, J. J. Goetz, J. B. Grace, Jas. Hackett, T. J. Hahn, F. J. Hasler, C. E. Heaney, W. E. Henneberry, P. Y. Hogan, E. D. Holway, M. J. Huck, C. J. Hueber, F. A. Hughes, P. H. Hulton, E. Hyatt, J. R. Jann, H. J. Jann, Leo Joslyn, W. Kearns, N. E. Kelly, J. H. Kelly, T. D. Kimmey, J. P. Klingelschmitt, F. Koenig, J. J. Kreteck, George J. Larkin, J. J. Larkin, T. Latchford, J. L. Latchford, W. M. Leo, P. M. Logsden, J. C. Lowery, J. M. Lowery, J. P. Maloney, T. Mangan, J. J. Manning, Geo. L. Martin, J. J. Mason, J. P. Mays, R. C. McCarthy, A. F. McCarthy, E. McCormick, H. McGlinn, T. F. McGovern, T. J. McGrath, E. F. McHugh, J. D. McKnight, J. S. McNerney, T. J. Merrigan, T. F. Meyering, W. D. Morrison, E. R. Mulholland. J. A. Mulvehal, P. G. Normoyle, T. O'Brien, E. P. O'Brien, S. W. O'Connell, J. P. O'Connell, J. J. O'Leary, W. F. O'Neill, J. J. O'Neill, W. A. Pauly, J. D. Peare, T. B. Picard, A. E. Picard. V. J. Pliska, Jos. Prindeville, A. Qualter, W. J. Quinlan, D. T. Quinn, P. B. Quirk, J. J. Reed, J. J. Riordan, J. W. Ryan, J. C. Sepple, Dr. E. G. Shannon, F. J. Sheehan, G. D. Sims, W. J. St. John, L. C. Stapleton, T. E. Stoekinger, Dr. J. A. Streit, F. H. Streit, J. P. Synon, F. Teehan, H. M. Thennisch, J. J. Tighe, H. Waldron, A. J. Weist, J. W. Wilcox, B. A. Wilton, W. T. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 637 1204 HARVARD, Harvard Allen, Lawrence J. Brown, Henry B. Brown, George B. Collin, Rupert D. Conway, James W. Cooke, Alvin L. Coulon, Cal. C. Croten, John F. Galvin, Raymond M. Hayden, Daniel S. Howard, Edward A. Howard, John B. Howard, P. Henry Hurley, Ira W. Keenan, Bdw. H. McCabe, Chas. L. McCabe, John L. McCarthy, J. Metzim, W. J. O'Brien, Edw. J. O'Leary. John J. Nolan, Albert J. Palmer, Geo. W. Peacock, Lester Phalen, Chas. S. Sheahan, Edw. Sheahan, Leo M. Sweeny, Frank Allison, Wm. Blackburn, Thos. Burns, Jas. P. Buttell, Edw. J. Coogan, Paul Coogan, Thos. Coogan, Wm. Cronin, Edw. F. Cronin, Maurice Cronin, Peter T. Davis, Clyde J. Davis, Robt. L. Deane, Jos. Doudle, Geo. Fagan, Thos. J. Faul, Hugo Faul, Jos. C. 1250 LINCOLN, Lincoln Foran, Jos. M. Gleason, Jas. E. Gleason, Martin Goestenjors, Steve Hickey, John Holmes, Walter McCann, David Mayer, Wm. Maloney, John McCullough, Thos. McNally, Jas. H. Mestinsek, John Miller, C. J. Moran, Aloysius Morrow, Benj. F. Morrow, Jas. Moos, Jos. Noonan, Roger Ohmes, Geo. Ohmes, Louis Peifer, John Peif er, Wm. Ryan, Jeremiah L. Ryan, Leo Ryan, Thos. E. Ryan, Wm. J. Savage, John L. Schahl, Fred G. Schmidt, Jos. Schreiber, Alfred Stengel, Jos. A. Stuckel, Ralph Tabke, Carl Werchey, Geo. 1262 SAN SALVADOR, Chicago Beemsterboer, Nich. Beemsterboer, Wm. Berchinski, Jos. Bernier, Harvey Bohr, Nicholas Bolduc, Romeo Boniface, Leo Bradshaw, Jos. Bradshaw, R. Buchler, Herman Burch, Jas. M. Busch, John H. Caraher, L. P. Carey, Jas. P. Casey, M. F. Cawley, Majella J. Clader, Victor A. Clark, F. L. A. Cleary, Edw. B. Corkey, R. Crouse, A. A. Crouse, Thos. F. Cullinan, John Cummings Donovan, Thos. J. Farley, Edw. Farley, Francis J. Farley, Thoa W. Feeney, Thos. Fitzpatrick, John B. Fif elski, Frank Ii. Galligan, Jas. Galvin, John J. Gildea, Edw. V. Hammill, Jas. Handley, Edw. Hagedorn, Jos. W. Healy, Dennis J. Healy, John J. Hoban, Thos. G. Huntley, Roy Kelly, John A. Kennedy, R. Kilboy, L. Kinsella, Thos. J. Kleuskins, Wm. P. Kunst, John J. Lerch, Adolph Lerch, Louis Long, John J. Malloy, P. D. Malunney, Davis J. Martin, Jas. B. Mathey, A. J. Mathews, L. T. McLaughlin, F. P. Metz, Gerrit Melville, Jas., Jr. Miller, A. J. Moran, Geo. Mulcahey, Leo A. Munroe, Wm. Niedzwiecki, Leon J O'Connor, M. T. O'Hara, Bert O'Hara, Jas. R. O'Rourke, Christ. Pennington, W. A. Radtke, Edw. Rauguth, Emil Redding, John J. Richmond, Jas. M. Ryan, Jas. E. Safaresek, Jos. Schaff, Chas. Sloan, John L. Smith, Geo. M. Spanier, Jacob Spiek, John G. Stewart, Edw. F. Walsh, Edw. J. Waters. C. Weber, Louis WIrfs, Jos. H. Wirtz, Edw. Yindrock, Leo. Yindrock, Wm. A. 638 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1268 LAKE FOREST, Lake Forest Baldwin, John S. Bradley, Albert Burke, William H. Conway, Vincent Copithorne, William Fitzgerald, Francis J. Fitzgerald, William D. Harding, William H. Algers, Arthur A. Ausch, Peter Bohan, J. C. Blondin, Jos. Barry, E. J. Bartill, Frank P. Bartizal, John F. Barton, John A. Beal, Harry J. Bedard, H. J. Bradwell, Jas. J. Permingham, R. K. Bennett, John P. Bohan, John Chas. Boivin, Geo. A. Boland, John J. Borris, Alexander Bowley, Floyd W. Beran, Francis J. Briski, Geo. Brophy, D. J. Brown, James Brown, James L. Brown, Harold Roy Buckley, William Burke, James Burns, Emmett L. Burns, Herbert H. Byrne, Ignatius Callahan, R. G. Corbett, T. C. Chamberlaitt, Wm. Coughlin, Jos. V. Casey, John A. Cahill, Wm. Patrick Campbell, E. J. Campbell, Albert L. Carberry, John J. Casserly, Geo. J. Cmunt, Frank James Coleman, Patrick F. Collins, Patrick J. Cieslik, Anton V. Cook, F. E. Conlan, Patrick B. Cosgrove, Michael J. Cosgrove, Thos. J. Cosgrove, Martin Crowley, Wm. W. Cullen, Jonathan W. Cummins, Chas. D. Creedon, Chas. A. Curtin, Michael Culleeney, E. A. Cummings, Chas. E. DeSalvio, P. A. Harrington, Sherwood Kennedy, Raymond A. Keogh, P. J. Lynch, Harry J. A. Nolan, Edward A. Rettig, William M. Rudolph, Joseph Salisbury, Arthur J. Shiel, Edward Skehens, Charles T. Skehens, Richard P. Taylor, Joseph R. Whalen, Bernard Whalen, John, Jr. 1278 FATHER SETTERS, Chicago Dooley, E. J. Doody, C. J. Dressel, H. J. Dwyer, Wm. N. Dalton, Wm. J. Daly, Chas. Jos. DiGangi, Jos. DeRoy, Wm. J. Doherty, Wm. J. Donohue, Jas. D. Donahue, O. J. Doyle, Edmund W. Doyle, Geo. F. Drapolils, A. F. Drzewiecki, Jos. J. Dunn, John F. Durkin, John Durkin, Michael J. Dwyer, Walter W. Egan, F. J. Egan, Dennis A. Egan, Edward S. Egan, Jos. A. Fenton, F. J. Finerty, J. F. Fraher, J. P. Fabijan, Stephen P. Farrell, Patrick J. Fay, Thos. F. Fenton, John R. Ferrier, Eugene S. Filip, Edward Filip, Jos. J. Pinerty, Michael S. Fitzgerald, John J. Flavin, James Fleming, John J. Foley, Frank J. Foley, Thos. A. Fuhri, Chas. H. Fundarek, J. G., Jr. Gallagher, Thos. L. Gannon, Frank E. Grodek, Lucien W. Gatz, Paul B. Glomb, Conrad B. Grady, Edwin Graves, Jos. P. Greco, Anthony A. Goergen, J. Gregosko, John C. Griffin, Jeremiah J. Gudgeon, Frank W. Gallagher, Peter Gay, Stanley T. Harney, G. J. Haubner, Jos. W. Hannon, Henry G. Haman, John F. Hart, Thos. F. Hayden, Wm. J., Jr. Heins, Geo. A. Hevecan, Martin Hickey, David R. Holden, John J. Holihan, Thos. E. Holland, John P. Howard, Lawrence J. Hrody, Geo. Hrody, Wm. A. Hunter, Daniel Jos. Imberowicz, S. J. Judge, Thos. J. Kaminski, S. J. Keefe, Arthur W. Keefe, Timothy King, Edward P. King, Thos. J. Kissane, David D. Kissane, Maurice J. Knotek, Mathew J. Kohout, Jerome F. Kosobud, Frank T. Kranz, Frank J. Kenaths, R. J. Krasa, John M. Kustusch, John A. Lane, John A. Lavin, John P. Lavin, Thos. A. Leahy, David P. Lillis, Michael Lonegran, Thos. Long, Arthur J. Luzincky, Geo. D. Lynch, Wr4. Michael Lyons, James P. Mangan, Ed. L. Manning, Ray M. Martin, Bernard H. Martin, W. J. Mathaus, Geo. J. Mason, A. G. Moore, Wm. J. Morgan, E. Moore, Thos. C. Moore, Wm. J. Moreno, Jos. ■Mostowski, Bolesaw Mrowinski, Stanley A Mulligan, John J. Murphy, James Jos. WAE^THE ROLL OF HONOR 639 Murphy, Michael Murphy, Thos. Murray, Clinton McAuliffe, James P. McCaffrey, Chas. J. McCarthy, E. J. McGann, John J. McGovern, F. J. McGuckin, Hugh D. McLean, Wm. P. McNichols, Walter A. McNichols, Wm. P. Mulhearn, Jas. J. Murphy, Edw. Murphy, Wm. J. McCarthy, Chas. S. McTee, Thos. B. McWatters, John, Jr. Neal, Frank J. Nelligan, Dennis T. Nolan, John Norton, Thos. W. NooTie, R. T. O'Connor, Wm. Jos. O'Donnell, Edward J. O'Donnell, Patrick O'Donnell, Simon O'Halloran, Frank C. O'HoUoran, Michael J. Olenicz, Frank J. O'Malley, Jos. B. O'Neill, James M. Pazda, F. P. Pecoraro, Jos. Phillips, Edward Pivtrowski, John S. Plamondon, Geo. O. Pound, Ward H. I'owers, Michael J. Price, Ralph A. Fryor, Wm. E. Petrucci, D. Quinlisk, Walter E. Quirk, Patrick J. Radtke, Philip Raymond, Benj. C. Radke, Geo. J. Rip, E. S. Ronan, Jas. Roth, M. Readey, Jos. H. Reid, Jas. D. Rock, Frank J. Rumley, Eugene A. Rusy, O. J. Ryan, Daniel Rye, Edward S. Schaffrey, I. L. St. James, R. T. St. Pierre, Alphonse Shea, Glendon J. Schaefer, Anthony P. Schimanek, Vincent Schloegel, Alfred G. Schrankel, Frank H. Shorten, Thos. F. Sible, Arthur C. Sikora, Anton J. Sindelar, Chas. J. Sead, Frank J. Sladek, Vitus J. Smith, Albert T. Smith, Raymond J. Sollitt, Jas. C. Scanley, Jas. P. Strempbuski, John F. Sullivan, Lawrence Sullivan, Thos. Sweeney, Frank D. Szyperski, Jos. P. Tefd, Walter J. Thompson, Michael J. Thronton, Frank E. Tomsa, August J. Trecker, John G. Tucker, Ralph J. Taylor, F. J. Vidal, H. R. Vraney, Frank Elmer Vrtis, Stanley Walsh, John A. Watters, Laurence M. Weidner, Dr. Hubert Weir, Wm. J. Wirth, Jos. V. Wischoffer, Michael T. Wogan, J. Woods, Jos. B. Wright, Chas. W. \oreck, Edw. J. Zalud, Jos. F. Zamiara, Marion A. Zzvesky, Wm. S. Ziemba, Jos. 1279— AMERICUS, Chicago Anderman, Arthur Barsotti, Alfred J. Betz, Jacob Birmingham, Thos. Bishop, Wm. A. Bloom, Gordon Bowen, Fred H. Brady, Harry Breen, Thomas Brouder, Joseph Brunton, George Burke, Alex. Burke, John L. Butler, John E. Burns, Thomas Calmeyn, Chas. Cella, George Christie, George Cilella, Frank Cody, James Cody, Kieran J. Collins, D. D. J. Conway, Edwin Cornwall, James Cornwall, Harold Cornwall, Bernard Cornwall, Ray Cornwall, John Coughlin, Vincent Coyne, George Crawford, John Crean, Roy J. Cronin, John M. Crumbly, P. A. J. Cullen, Thomas F. Culleeny, Phillip J. Cummings, R. J. Cunningham, Joseph Cunningham, John Darche, Rev. H. A. Darcy, Wm. De Lave, Edwin Delapey, W. J. Dernbach, George De St.Aubin, Armand Doherty, Philip J. Donahue, Thos. S. Donahue, Frank J. Doody, Wm. Dore, Clarence Dunphy, Ray T. Durkin, James F. Dyer, James J. Fallon, James J. Farrell, Frank Fitzgerald, John Flavin, John Fogarty, F. R. Fox, Maurice S. Fox, Wm. P. Gannory, Wm. F. Geary, Joseph Giroux, H. L. Golden, James Gorman, James J. Green, J. J. Grady, Wm. Graney. Pierce J. Hartnett, Wm. P. Hassett, James P. Hanses, Lester J. Hannan, J. W. Hayden, Wm. W. Hacker, Fred. A. Hart, Thos. J. Haas, Joseph R. Hennessy, John J. Hickey, Emmet Holden, Theodore Horan, Al. J. Horan, Patrick Houlihan, Ignatius F. Hewlett, M. J. Hoff, Joseph Joyce, John L. Joyce, Earl J. Junkin, J. O'Neill Kearns, Jerry J. Keckeisen, J. A. Kennedy, Chris. Keefe, James 640 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Kiley, John Le Bold, Leo E. Le Clerc, John Leddin, Patrick Lemme, Al. Lightbecker, Ed. Luby, John J. Lyne, Jerry Lyons, Frank Martrianno, B. F. Malone, Joseph Mahoney, Ambrose W. Mortimer, James E. Mortimer, A. J. Mower, Francis D. Mooney, John Moran, Morgan, Frank J. Moore, Earl L. Murphy, James P. Murphy, Walter P. Murphy, Wm. J. McAdams, M. J. McBride, Ed. McCabe, George McCarthy, Denis McCorry, John McCourt, Vincent D. McDonald, Walter McGlynn, Ray McGlynn, Henry McGowan, Thomas McGrory, W. J. McGovern, S. Fred. McGovern, Gregory McGinnity, Peter McGrath, James H. McGrath, Eugene McKay, Robt. McLennon, John B. McMahon, Walter McMahon, Jas. W. McMullen, Lt. Wm. L. McNamara, Lawrence McNamara, Daniel Nagel, Joseph Nee, Patrick Nolan, Patrick H. Nolan, Joseph A. Nolan, James J. O'Connell, Wm. J. O'Donnell, W. D. O'Leary, J. J. O'Malley, John M. O'Rourke, Francis T. Powers, Martin J. Powers, Harry D. Porter, Dr. Wm. A. Quigley, Capt. Wm. J. Quinlan, Philip R. Quinn, Harry A. Raftery, Francis J. Reid, Wm. L. Rock, Chas. Rooney, Ed. I. Rooney, Eugene Rohman, Ed. P. Russell, Earl Schneider, Richard O Schauer, Paul A. Sexton, Wm. Shea, Thomas E. Sharkey, Ed. T. Shannon, Pierce L. Sheldon, Francis J. Smith, George Smith, James H. Spaine, Arthur Stuart, Chas. Stretton, Frank P. Sullivan, John J. Sullivan, Wm. J. Swenie, Marshal D. J. Tansey, James H. Terrell, Thomas Thompson, James C. Tondreau, Leo J. Valleau, Harry O. Victor, Benj. J. Victor, John A. Walsh, C. E. Walsh, Joseph F. Walsh, James R. Walsh, Wm. J. Welch, Wm. H. Werner, Arthur N. Wiener, Chas. A. Young, Harry G. Ziska, George Ziska, Chas. 1281 MT. STERLING, Mt. Sterling Armstrong, D. Dwight Brady, Francis C. Cox, Edward B. Calvo, Horace L. Cronin, J. Everett Cronin, Patrick H. Elbus, Fred Elbus, George J. Factor, Fred. G. Grether, Albert E. Gross, Leonard A. Geisler, Clarence S. Higgins, Andrew Kunkel, Charles E. Koch, Amiel J. Lawier, J. Warren Langan, Francis McNeff, John Monckton, Thomas Monckton, Richard O'Brien, John J. Prillmayer, Louis D. Rodolph, A. J. Ritter, Henry D. Schoonhoven, Allie Sullivan, Francis Waters, F. Frank Christman, J. H., Jr. Farley, P. E. Fitzpatrick, John J. Hatting, J. J. Hodginon, L. Judge, Richard 1282 DWIGHT, Dwight Kiley, Ij. J. Lavelle, Walter McCauley, J. J. McLaughlin, J. P. Sodini, A. Steger, C. Watson, P. West, L. West, Wm. P. West, H. J. Worby, A. Zappa, Stephen 1288 McHENRY, McHenry Adams, Leo A. Aicher, Dr. F. J. Baur, Bernard Bickler, Wm. R. Bolger, Edw. Bolger, John Bollinger, Harry A. Bonslett, Edward Bonslett, Francis Boyle, Jas. Carroll, Wm. Carey, Gerald Conway, Geo. F. Conway, Martin E. Conway, Walter K. Doherty, Jas. E. Doherty, Paul J. Doherty, Thos. R. Elliott, Edgar J. Freund, Fred P. Freund, Henry M. Freund, Nick B. Froelich, Dr. A. I. Frost, Wm. N. WAR— THE ROLL OP HONOR 641 Harnady, Wm. Heimer, Edwin Justen, Frank Kattrez, Arthur Knox, Edward J. Knox, Robert Kuntz, Fred G. May, John L. McCabe, Edward McGee, B. R. Miller, Nick Nye, A. E. O'Connor, Wm. J. Plialen, Thos. Reiliansperger, C. J. Schaefer, Henry M. Schaefer, Herman Scheid, Mathias W. Smith, Art. Sternbery, E. L. Stilling, Leo. Unti, John Weber, Henry M. AVeber, Martin J. Whiting, Earl GEORGE J. BREW, Archbishop McHale Council. First Training Camp, Fort Sheridan. Sent to train with R. F. C. Cadet 106 — 88th Canadian Training Squad- ron, Ridley Park, Toronto, Ontario. Taught aerial gunnery, Kelly Field. Texas. To France with Eddie Rickenbacker's outfit. Honorable mention Rickenbacker's book. EMMET T. ORMSBY, Father Perez Council. Went to France with the Fifth Marines, 1917. Pitched championship games for Perez Council. Now youngest umpire on American League Staff. Educated Nativity Parish school and DeLaSalle, Daily Communicant. Frequent mention in press. Bechtlofft, Peter, Jr. Berra, Geo. C. Buerkle, Frederick Catanzaro, Theo. Cimossa, Chas. J. 1298 DUQUOIN, Duquoin Crukovich, Mike Dale, Walter P. Devlin, Martin Erhardt, Jos. Horn, Frank J. Hughes, Bernard Kathalynos, Edw. A. Korener, Wm. Kosmatka, Martin Lavin, James 642 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Lehmann, Chas. A. Manzo, Jos. McGowan, Chris. McLafferty, P. R. Miller, Chas. N. Miller, Jos. F. Ranson, Thos. Rodden, James Rosnowski, Geo. Sanford, Chas. C. Schleper, Anthony H. Stein, Leonard Thill, Albert P. Vettese, Cosimo Birsa, B. J. Cashen, John Gushing, Leroy Dunn, William Paul Griffin, Thomas 1316 SENECA, Seneca Heaton, Jerome Killelea, Clarence O'Brien, William J. O'Donnell, John S. Sheedy, Edgar Sheedy, Timothy Timmins, James V. Ullrich, William Welsh, Walter 1334 WATERLOO, Waterloo Bertran, Peter L. Brand, Geo. P. Eschenfelder, E. G. Eischenseer, T. W. Griffin, Edwin Griffin, Stephen W. Jaeger, Walter P. Kerber, Bernard Kipping, Leo J. Kleyer, Otto Lang, Fred B. Meier, John J. Mentel, Alvanus Noelke, Henry A. Pautler, Stephen J. Pautler, Raymond W. Schmidt, Daniel E. Scharfenberger, Geo. Sendelbeck, Leo Toenjes, Geo. Vogt, Augii.«t Wierschem, Wni. A. Ziebold, Max 1343 MT. CARMEL, Mt. Carrael Aukenbrandt, Dr. A. A. Belingman, H. Burris, C. A. Clinse, Rev. Edw. Denman, E. L. Dunn, C. A. Dunn, J. P. Dunkel, A. J. Flanagan, Edward Fromin, H. J. Gorman, H. C. Grimier, E. C. Haase, Theodore Hanagan, Lawrence Hanagan, C. A. Henning, A. Hinkle, F. G. Hockeiger, L. M. Karibo, E. F. Keepes, Leo Kolb, Paul Lattner, Wm. Mitchell, J. D. Stuerzenberger, F. Tennis, G. A. Trapp, Sylvester Walter, Martin E. Walter, B. J. Wolf, Raymond Brassie, Bernard Blank, Sylvester Buerster, Jos. Clark, John Jos. Dehlinger, Leo Fehrenbacher, P. P. Guerrettaz, Julius 1352 OLNEY, Olney Ginder, Peter Gumble, Adam Hudson, Edw. F. Hahn, Oscar W. Klingler, Jos. Klingler, Leo L. Kocher, Albert LaMotte, Edmund Mehnaert, Arthur McGann, Geo., Jr. Schulte, Frederick Wagner, Alvin Wagner, Herman Weber, Thos. 1366 BLUE ISLAND. Blue Island Bentson, William E2. Bihr, Joseph Bloom, Henry J. Bloom, Frank W. Bowman, Milton Cain, Joseph P. Cain, Leroy Condon, LeRoy J. Creighton, Wm. A. Dagenais, L. P. Dougherty, C. Fred. Earner, George B. Earner, Mark E. Fleming, David Fleming, James Frasor, Harold V. Gaboriault, A. L. Gaboriault, Walter J. Gordon, Joseph Heckler, Howard Juby, William LaMore, Lester H. Marchessault, Walter McAley, Harold V. McCoy, Patrick McDowell, Walter F. Poutry, Olmond L. Racine, Gilbert Rack, Henry J. Schaeffer, Harry Simkins, Bernard A. Simkins, Theron P. Stanley, Chester Sullivan, Ralph Sullivan, Wm. L. WAI^-THE EOLL OF HONOR 643 1369 NAPERVILLE, Naperville App, James E. Bapst, Edw. C. Baumgartner, Paul Boecker, Theo. E. Dickson, Robt. E. Dickson, Roy J. Drendel, Julian J. Drendel. Leo A. Drendel, Paul M. Engelschall, A. J. Farhner, Jos. Feldott, Albert J. Friedrich, Wm. R. Gauger, Arthur C. Grendel, Oscar V. Hayes, Roland J. Hayes, Sheldon Heim, Leo F. Hiltenbrand, Arnold Hiltenbrand, Aug. J. Hiltenbrand, Frank L. Hiltenbrand, Geo. A. Hoffman, Albert Jarvis, Jos. Keller, Roy G. Kiesberg, Alois J. Knoch, Frank J. Koppa, Winifred G. Koppa, Leo Kreger, Geo. P. W. Lenert, Nicholas Miller, Bernard Miller, Lawrence J. Miller, Theo. J. Ottenpohl, Elmer J. Reidy, Emmett A. Reidy, Martin Reidy, Robert M. Rudnick, Bernard Schmidt, Bernard J. Schmidt, Carl A. Sheehan, Jas. H. sutler, Frank Strauel, Albert Strauel, Edw. L. Wehling, Herbert Wehrli, Jos. F. Weigland, Garold W. Weigland, Harold Weigland, R. J. Wiesbrook, Erwin Yackley, Reuben H. Yetter, Percy M. Young, John W. Alberternst, George Alberternst, H. B. Alberternst, Wm. Becker, Frank Becker, Aug. H. Beckmann, A. G. Beckmann, Geo. H. Bergmann, Leo Boeckmann, Jos. Boing, Anton Bretz, Anton L. Bruemmer, H. A. Brueggemann, J. B. Coyle, Anthony Detmer, Joseph Dierkes, William Eveld, Herman H. Fehlker, Lambert Foppe, Fred C. Frohn, Bernard Frohn, Henry Fischer, Charles Ganz, Vernie Gebke, Herman Gehrs, Herman J. Groene, Alois Haag, Edwin R. Hahn, Alois Peter Hallermann, E. W. Hallermann, W. V. Harshberger, F. W. Heidemann, T. H. Hemann, Leo Hilmes, Edward Hilmes, John B. Hodapp, Albert Hodapp, Stephen 1382 CARLYLE, Carlyle Hollenkamp, John H. Holthaus, George Holthaus, Gustav Huels, Paul Huelsmann, Louis Hustedde, Aug. F. Isaak, Henry J., Jr. Junker, Anthony J. Kampwerth, John B. Koerkemeyer, A. Koopmann, Bernard Koopmann, Herman Kniepmann, H. T. Kuper, Bernard C. Kunkel, Alphonse Ki ebs, Henry E. Krebs, Henry C. L. Kreke, Henry C. Lager, Leo Lampe, Henry A. Lampe, Joseph G. Liening, Edward Linnemann, John H. Linnemann, Jos. B. Loebel, Walter Loepker, Bernard Leonard, Bernard Luecke, Andrew H. Monken, Edward Michels, Alphonse P. Mueller, Bernard J. Mueller, Jos. C. Middeke, John H. Niebur, Henry Niemeyer, Alois A. Poehler, Henry Pollmann, Fred Robben, John G. Ragen, Joseph Rausch, John E. Rohr, Edward P. Rohr, John F. Schaefer, Louis P. Schemel, J. W., Jr. Schiermann, Fred. Schafly, Hubert J. Schoendienst, H. J., Jr. Schomaker, Henry Schomaker, Wm. L. Schumacker, Jos. B. Schroeder, Geo. Seifert, Frank A. Spaeth, Emil F. Spaeth, Oscar W. Spitz, Edward Stokes, Richard Strathmann, Ben Strubhardt, Nick A. Suaholt, Anton Taphorn, Herman H. Taphorn, Theodore Timmermann, H. H. A. Ussellmann, Frank Weier, William Wichmann, Ben Wilke, Stephen E. Winkler, George C. Winkler, Leo Winkler, William G. Winter, Fred. J. Wobbe, B. Henry Zieren, George C. Zieren, William Ahlers, Louis R. Berls, William Breske, John P. Briel, Chas. Ed. 1419 ST. AUGUSTINE, Chicago Burg, John J. Burke, Urich Ciesllk, Wm. F. Donahue, Thos. J. Drews, Frank A. Finnegan, Wm. F. Grady, Alex S. Grimm, John L. 644 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Hansen, Peter A. Hazzard, Chas. W. Hecht, Frank J. Heisler, Jos, Hermes, Jos. B. Huntcha, Aug. A. Jilek, John J. Krump, John M. Kurtz, Albert J. Machowiak, John A. Ossowski, Bernard Ploger, John A. Poetzinger, John Racky, Chas. A. Rusch, Adalbert A. Rusch, John S. Schaack, Walter J. Schmitz, Math. A. Schoppen, Adolph Skwiercz, Adam V. Streycek, Edw. J. Thelen, Peter J. Thelen, Michael J. Thelen, Christian J. Werner, Joseph N. 1434 GENERAL SHERMAN, Chicago Banderson, Wm. Barry, Gerald, Jr. Bates, M. J. Beeson, Harry B. Berherd, Arthur B. Billings, D. E. Boette, P. F. Bortkavitch, John Branch, A. B. Bush, Jos. Li. Butler, Wm. P. Byrne, M. A. Carr, Henry Cogley, Thos. Collins, Henry P. Conley, John F. Conrick, Edw. Conrick, Wm. E. Conway, Edw. C. Conway, Thos. Corrigan, John E. Cramer, Wm. Cullen, Wm. Dalton, A. L. Daly, Dennis Davin, R. S. Ehrler, Geo. P. Ehrler, Jos. M. Ehrler, P. G. Bviston, Jos. Farmer, Thos. B. Feirtag, Bernard Fenlon, P. J. Fergus, Walter Finley, John Gaure, Wm. D. Geary, Jos. Gibson, Jos. V. Goyke, Victor C. Griffin, Stephen L. Hamill, Bernard Hanrahan, John Heney, Frank J. Herx, Fred. C. Hornoff , A. K. Jannick, Wm. Kennedy, Michael A. Kraskiewicz, B. J. Lane, Robert J. Lanigan, Leo Leonard, John Lynch, John J. Mahon, John Malloy, John C. Marron, Theo. McGrath, Jas. McCarthy, Justin McCarthy, Lawrence McCarthy, Thos. F. McFarland, Jas. McGovern, Patrick Murphy, Frank Murry, John P. O'Connor, John W. O'Connor, Jos. M. O'Connor, Wm. C. O'Shea, Francis Payton, John C. Reuse, F. D. Ropinske, Frank Savage, Ed. V. Schneider, S. L. Schimmel, A. Sennott, Wm., Jr. Spikens, Mark G. Sullivan, Chas. E. Sweet, James Toman, Edward Toomey, Daniel B. Toomey, Frank T. Troy, Dr. E. P. Tucker, H. J. 1444 FATHER PEREZ, Chicago Ahem, Jeremiah M. Aires, Earl P. Ambrose, J. J. Ballbrenner, Chas. J. Barrett, Edw. J. Bastick, Corn. D. Bates, Chas. M. Baxter, Chas. T. Benson, Edw. T. Berry, Geo. Bohrne, Jno. D. Bourke, M. T. Boozane, Thos. Boyle, Alph. P. Bracken, John R. Briody, Geo. M. Brown, J. P. Buckley, F. G. Buckley, Rich. J. Burke, John J. Burke, Jos. J. Burns, John J. Burns, T. F. Brynes, Edw. D. Canavan, Jos. F. Carey, E. J. Carroll, Jas. E. Carron, John F. Casey, Frank Casey, Mich. Cassidy, M. F. Cawley, Frank R. Clancy, Thos. F. Cognac, Chas. T. Cognac, Lawrence E. Collins, Jas. J., Jr. Conron, Em. E. Corcoran, J. P. Conway, C. V. Craven, Mich. J. Crisman, Jas. H. Cunningham, F. E. Curtain, C. L. Dalton, J. P. DeBuck, Harry A. Dengler, A. J. Disteldorf, John P. Dixon, Frank P. Dixon, Leo M. Dorigan, Chas. C. Donegan, Geo. E. Donohue, John F. Donovan, John C. Dorner, J. L. Dorrer, J. M. Doyle, Harry M. Drury, Jas. W. Durkin, Thos. F. Eck, Louis J. Elwood, Jos. P. Elwood, Thos. F. Everett, Lawr. E. Everett, Maur. H. Feeley, John E. Fell, P. B. Flynn, Thos. P. Fortaw, Otto Foley, J. B. Fox, P. J. WARr— THE ROLL OF HONOR 645 Fox, W. P. I'oxgrover, Chas. Gaffney, P. J. Gaffney, John A. Gallagher, Edw. Galvin, J. V. Garland, Robt. J. Garry, Jas. B. Garvey, J. P. Gier, Peter W. Gilboy, Thos. J. Gillespie, And. B, Gilligan, J. P. Gilmartin, R. E. Glosler, T. C. Green, Chris. Green, John J. Green, Mich. J. Grimm, Louis F. Gross, Harry P. Gillespie, John P. Goodwin, E. F. Grogan, M. B. Guthrie, John J. Hamper, Chas. F. Hamper, Jos. P. Hamper, Wm. J. Hanlon, E. J. Hanrahan, Thos. C. Harrington, Jas. B. Healy, Jos. R. Heider, John A. Heil, Al. Heil, Fred J. Heinz, Leonard H. Hennessey, Wm. P. Hertzel, John Hill, Frank T. Hosty, Jos. P. Hostler, Geo. W. Hough, John Howe, Bernard J. Jenkinson, E. J. Jonker, Peter Keating, Edw. M. Keating, Louis J. Kelliher, E. J. Kelly, Dr. John E. Kelly, John F. Kelly, Thos. N. Kent, Wm. F. Kennedy, J. L. Kennedy, Robert R. King, Mich. K. Kilburg, Math. J. Kilgallon, J. J. Kingston, E. J. Kinsley, Jos. E. Koelkebeck, Sam A. Krischell, Geo. M. Krivicich, Dominick Krueger, Geo. W. Lally, F. M. Larkin, Geo. F. Lawrence, J. P. Lavery, W. P. Lennon, Jas. P. Leonard, J. J. Lof tus, Wm. J. Lyons, Dr. Paul S. Mackie, Edw. G. Madden, A. J. Malewski, Jos. Malone, Francis A. Manning, Jos. T. Mastersom, Daniel A. Masterson, J. J. McAllister, H. D. McAndrews, W. F. McCann, J. R. McCarthy, Emmett J. McCarthy, F. M. McClusky, Earl McClusky, Byron McCrave, John J. McDonald, W. J. McGarr, Ray McGowan, Geo. W. McGowan. John McGrath, T. J. Mclnerney, Cornelius Mclnerney, T. J. McKeown, P. .1. McKittrick, Thos. B. McHale, Mich. McLoughlin, Jas. J. McLoughlin, Thos. E. McNamara, Patrick McNamara, Wm. McNeill, C. R. Mea, Wm. J. Meyer, Henry Mika, Albert Milbert, W. J. Moynihan, Allan J. Monihan, Arthur L. Moran, H. B. Morley, M. J. Morrissey, M. J. Moylan, M. J. Mullen, Arthur A. Mullen, Thos. F. Murphy, Arthur J. Murphy, J. J. Murray, Paul Nelligan. J. J. Newell, Thos. J. Nolan, P. H. Nyhan, Jas. E. Oakes, Lester W. Oehmen, Peter V. O'Brien, Chas. W. O'Brien, John J. O'Connell, Daniel O'Connell, Louis P. O'Gara, J. L. O'Leary, R. J. O'Leary, W. A. O'Loughlin, Francis O'Malley, W. J. Ormsby, Emmett T. O'Toole, E. C. Partland, J. M. Powers, F. J. Power, J. A. Prendergast, Luke Pulham, C. F. Quan, J. D. Quaid, John J. Quinn, C. A. Rauen, Geo. E. Rauen, M. J. Reedy, Edw. L. Reedy, J. C. Reichert, John C. Reiff , Jos. M. Ricker, J. A. Riley, John J. Rivet, A. E. Ruler, Val. Rumpf, Fred. T. Ryan, Al. J. Ryan, Chaytor H. Ryan, Emmett A. Schaack, Eugene L. Schneider, John B. Schromen, Elmer L. Schannahan, M. K. Shea, L. J. Sloan, J. W. Spatz, Ellis J. Stalzer, Math. H. Streich, Frank Sullivan, John J. Sullivan, Jos. J. Swain, W. G. Sweeney, Patrick Teipe, Clif. G. Thilmont, Elmer H. Thivierge, Chas. E. Toolan, J. J. Vonosky, Henry L. Vonosky, J. L. Waddick, J. G. Wagner, E. J. Walsh, Dan Walsh, John J. Walsh, Wm. E. Ward, Chas. H. Ward, Damlen J. White, Geo. E. White, James Wlelatz, H. G. Winkler, Fred. G. Wixted, T. J. Wolf, Peter AVotell, Edw. Wren, J. F. Zdrojeskl, Walter J. Zieger, Aug., Jr. Ziel, Frank C. 646 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1456 WASHINGTON, Maywood Andrews, George Burdick, E. T. Carey, J. H. Carey, R. J. Casey, J. D. Casey, Emmett Chiara. J. Collins, Robt. Collins, Wm. T., Jr. Corrigan, J. J. Corrigan, Robert E. Colan, Paul Cunningham, H. J. Domas, Justin Doyle, Edward Gieser, Arthur Gilmore, J. W. Jones, Harry LeMonnler, G. A. Lowds, E. A. Lynch, Richard J. MuUane, Louis Maloit, Alvin Malhiot, Francis Metz, Walter McAuliff, J. J. Pruzinski, Jos. Reedy, J. W. Senese, Louis Soffel, A. E. Wiedelman, R. 1496 MONMOUTH, Monmouth Barry, Lawrence Bohan, C. R. Carey, Elmer Clarke, P. M. Connors, Matt Costello, Leo D. Johnson, Henry Keane, E. J. Maloney, John P. McCleary, Joseph McLaughlin, Edw. McKay, A. M. Morris, Thos. P. Murphy, J. L. Nee, J. F. O'Hearn, James A. O'Hearn, W. J. Pfaff, Leo G. Roche, H. T. Strickler, Lester Sullivan, Clair Warren, J. T. Young, Keith 1511 SANTA MARIE, Chicago Avery, Chas. Barrett, John Barrett, Chas. Bougie, L. W. Brogan, Patrick J. Brown, L. J. Buchanan, Jos. Burke, Jas. E. Burke, Thos. Burke, Jos. Byrnes, Jas. Byrnes, Thos. Cain, M. B. Carney, Thos. Carton, J. E. Cherney, Frank Conroy, Thos. J. Coughlan, Malachy Crask, E. S. Creswell, Alb. Cross, A. B. Crotty, Morice Crotty, Patrick Crowe, John J. Daley, Thos. J. Davey, J. Edward Delaney, Chester Devaney, E. M. Devaney, Wm. Dietz, F. H. Dorsey, Thos. Donnellan, E. J. Donnellan, Gerald Dwyer, John Early, J. M. Edwards, Frank Enrietta, A. Fagen, Jas. Fagen, Michael Fagen, Wm. Fair, Harry Finlon, J. Gallagin, Jas. Garvey, Vincent Green, Michael Green, Thos. Grembowicz, Rev. J. Haran, John Haran, J. H. Healy, Earl Heeney, M. J. Henry, Edward Henry, Wm. Hoar, John Hogan, Clifford Hogan, Wm. P. Jonellis, Andrew Kelly, Jos. Kelly, Leo Kelly, Thos. Kerns, T. Kerwin, Frank ICoralewski, Rev. S. J. Little, Raymond Linehan, Neil Linehan, John J. Linehan, Jos. Mack, Frank Madden, Leo J. Malone, J. J. McArdle, Thos. F. McCanna, J. P. McCann, John McCarthy, J. D. McEniff, P. J. McGlone, M. J. McGuire, Michael McKenna. J. J. McLaughlin, Geo. McLaughlin, Dr. Jas. McLaughlin, Jas. McManamon, Jos. McNeills, Jos. McNichols, John McTernan, John Miller, Raymond McNulty, Jas. McCanna, J. P. Melaniphy, John Meyers, Leo Meyers, Laurence Mokate, Herman Mooney, Wm. Murphy, Jas. Murphy, P. J. Neville. Patrick O'Brien, John O'Brien, Hugh O'Connell, Thaddeus O'Keefe, Jerry O'Keefe, John C. G. O'Leary, J. L. O'Malley, Jas. O'Neil, Chas. F. O'Rourke, John I'acini, Emil Petrilla, A. J. Quinn, Jas. P. Reiland, Peter Reilly, John Reynolds, C. J. Ring, Randall Rooney, Geo. H. Rooney, Owen T. Rosenick, Jos. Rubey, Chas. Ruel, John WAK^THE ROLL OF HONOR 641 Rush, Dr. Ryan, Jos. Tcyan, Jas. Rydzewski, Prank Schmidt, Jos. P. Schoenicker, Jos. Sheehan, John Schultz, E. Springer, John Stengel, A. Stengel, P. Strauch, Jacob Sugrue, Dr. John Sullivan, Robt. Sweney. P. L. Tobin, Jas. Trodden, Andrew Young, P. L. Zarek. J. J. "Walsh, Anthony Walsh, John Walsh, Thos. J. Whalen, Michael Wilcocks. John A. Wilson, T. W. Wynn, Jos. 1548 OAK PARK, Oak Park Balcom, J. A. Blumthal, W^alter A. Britsch, Edward Callahan, John P. Cameron, Wm. Clark, Jas. J., Jr. Cleary, Edmund C. Donegan, Jos. Doyle, P. C. Fox, Jos. E. Gallager, E. T. Gibbons, Wm. Gorey, Jos. PTanley, J. R. liarris, TValter E. Houha, E. S. Jones, Wm. P. Kelly, Prancis J. Lawley, Wm. Lutkemeyer, Silas Maguire, J. A. McCarthy, Thos. J. McGuire, Robt. McGuire, Wm. Mclntyre, Louis McWeeney, Douglas Morrisey, John W. Nauhelmer, Chas. O'Hara. J. S. Quinn, Frank H. Savage, Clement Savage, Dr. Robert Spencer, Thos. Strenning, Roy Swartz, M. J. Uter, B. R. Ward, R. J. Weigel, TVm. Wilson. W. A. 1555 WEST CHICAGO, West Chicago Pirsen, Frank Biennan, Thos. Brown, Howard Carey, Allen Carey, Prank Colford, Geo. C. Colford, Herbert R. Farrell, Prancis J. Farrell, John T. Dieter, Arthur J. Grames, Paul Horn. Jos. W. Kiel, Allie Leonard, J. H. McFarland. Felix M. McFarland, Henry R. Marx, Clarence Matthew.*!. Chas. Merz, Otto Murphy, Matthew P. Nead, Albert Sauer, Prank P. Sheehan, Philip M. Barrett, James W. Brewer, R, J. Butler, PhlL Case, H. Corkle, T. B. Cowan, Homer Cummings, P. P. Cunningham, P. J. Dorsch, Al. Dockry, Emmett F'assbunder, A. J. Fleming, S. C. Gleisner, Jas. Gleisner, Jos. Gryzwinski, Stanley Harkins. Chas. 1567 TONTI, Chicago Hartigan, Joe Plartigan, W. J. Hayes, J. W. Helton, Larry Holton, T. J. Keller, A. J. Kostceki, Steve Layden, Jas. Lapinski, Leo Mahoney, E. J. Majewski, Casimer McCabe, L. J. McClure, Earl McTighe. James O'Brein, W. J. O'Connell, Dan O'Neil, Jack Owens. Ed. Regan, "U*. P. Sanborn. Jos. Schaid, A. P. Sibley. Dan. Simon, P. P. Smith. Leo Smith, Jos. Smith, Will Snyder, Walter Stieber. .Tohn Stucka, Stanley Sweeney, Jas. Sullivan, M. J. Walt, V. R. 1574 BRAIDWOOD, Braidwood Biddle, Eugene M. Burns, John Carney, Daniel J. Donna, Secondo Evans, William H. Fallon. John Finn, Joseph J. Pitzpatrick, P. W. Flynn, Prank Gilmore, John A. Haldorson, .John Hogan, John V. Judge, Reuben Kasher. Joseph Kangley, Eugene Kavanaugh, Pranci Kavanaugh, Gerald Keeley, Harry P. McGuire, James McHugh, John J. Murphv. Howard J. O'Brien. William T. Overy. George Pomatto. J. E. Quinn, Joseph s J. Revnolds. Joseph M Riley, Thomas F. Roberto, Secondo .T. Ronchetti. Peter J. Ryan. Leo 648 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1580 HIGHLAND, Highland CJare, Eugene Fetterer, Jos. Feederer, Oscar Good, Anthony E. Hilby, Jos. L. Koch, John P. Nagel, Eugene Neudecker, J. J. Pacatte, Edward Schriber, Robert J. Seitz, Peter A. Goebel, Geo. 1581 L. A. LAMBERT, Ridgeway Goebel, Adolph 1595 NAZARETH, La Grange Allen, Herbert F. Arcaris, Salvator J. Bestler, Edw. T. Bock, Victor J. Bourgeois, Borel O. Brown, Clarence Coffin, C. Roswell Cossitt, Franklin D. Desmond, John C. Dillon, Louis C. Dillon, John A.. Jr. Farrell, Edw., J. Galvin, Thaddeus J. Galvin, Wm. M. Hagemann, R. S. Jacky, Philip J. Koenig, Wm. F. J. Krakow, Geo. J. Lee, Frank C. Lewis, Wm. L. Lies, Mark A. Madden, Frank D. Marcinkowski, Jos. A. Matern, Jos. F. McDonald, Geo. D. Metz, Henry J. ^lurphy, Francis C. Murphy, Irwin P. Murphy, Jos. D. McCormick, Patrick Phillips, Jos. W. I'olivka, Emil E. Polivka, John A. Polivka, Peter J. Quinn, Jas. P. Kau, Edw. J. Riccadonna, H. P. Sellers, J. Newton 8)ep, Frank J. Simon, Frank T. Sullivan, Fiancis A. Supplitt, Kickham L. Tansey, Raymond J. Thill, Nicholas H. Thill, Valentine H. Zimmerman, Edwin V. Ozeska, Francis Domenick, Jos. Doolin, Cornelius Driscoll, John J. Farley, Jas. Gorski, Walter B. Gorski, Theo. F. Graf, Alois J. Graf, Carl Hoffman, Frank 1599 LEMONT, Lemont Kerwin, John J. Lagdznski, Wm. Madden, Geo. Markiewicz, Stanley McCarthy, Chas. J. McCormick, W. J. Nelson, Leonard Nichleski, Jos. Novaski, John J. Novakowski, Wm. I'awlish, Mike Piecarski, Jos. G. Ray, Geo. W. Ripple, John Seller, Philip Seller, Vincent J. Sezfranski, Andiew J Sniegowski, Albe. t J. Stanger, Sylvester 1628 BISHOP KETTELER, Chicago Ahern, W. J. Bates, F. P. Bates, George M. Becker, Anthony J. Becker, Nicholas Beiierlotzer, Jos. F. Bilek, Frank B. Billmore, John Boehler, Al. Boland, Wm. P. Boland, William Borcamp, Arthur A. Bothen, Henry Boyle, Martin Bulger, T. J. Bulger, John F. Burggraf, John E. Burggraf, William Burns, Aloysius M. Carroll, John F. Carroll, J. R. Cavanaugh, Mivchael Cihlar, James J. Clohesey, Edward Coakley, J. F. Collopy, John Crowley, John Cunningham, Thos. J. Czapelski, Jos. M. Daly, Daniel P. Darovic, Sylvester A. Dillon, James J. Dockendorf , Fred. Dolan, James L. Donohue, Michael Doran, Emanuel Doyle, Robert E. Doyle, Thos. E. Duggan, B. A. Dymek, C. J. Dymek, E. J. Finnegan, Jas. F. Fish, Harry Flynn, J. J. Folander, John Frengen, John Gralkowsky, Gayette, Francis V. Gratkorwk, Felix Gregorich, Jos. Greyaruh, Jos. Hannon, Thos. F. Harnett, Edward Hayes, Stephen E. Heelan, E. J. Hippschen, Joseph Hohler, Edw. J. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 649 Horak, Frank J. Jaglowski, Janick, Frank Johnson, James E. Jordan, Thomas J. Kasmoch, F. Kruck, Edward J. Kalsch, Hubert T. Karlinski, Clem Karlinski, F. Karmach, Frank ]veating, Michael W. Kenny, James Kirk, George Korta, Herman J. Kosinski, Frank Kruck, Edward J. Lee, Thomas F. Lehayn, Frank Lewandrowski, L. W. Lillig, Geo. J. Lillig, Matthew Litgen, Paul L. Ijynch, James P. McCarthy, Charles McCarthy, Eugene McDougal. George McEnery, P. McLaughlin, John Melody, Wm. A. Maloney, John J. Martin, R. J. Matles, Jos. J. Mertes, H. Meyers, Joseph Meyer, Joseph Micholec, Frank J. Micholis, Edward Miderski, Jos. M. Minderski, Joseph Misholek, Frank Moore, Thomas Muleahey, Edw. J. Murphy, John Murray, John J. Muth, John Napleralski, Franit Narbutt, Charles J. Nilles, Joseph J. Norton, John J. O'Hearn, Martin J. O'Brien, Patrick H. O'Dwyer, John J. O'Dwyer, John J. Ogreen, Andrew O'Hearn, Martin O'Hearn, Wm. J. O'Neill, Albert O'Regan, D. S. O'Ragan, Dennis Petroske, Peter Petrowski, Vincent B. Petrowsky, Peter V. Perry, H. J. Pitges, Paul Popryzcki, Sylvester Predowich, Joseph Predovich, John J. Quigley, Walter O. (iuinlan, Thos. F. Reiger, Matthew Runge, Frederick S. Ryan, James M. Salemski, Paul J. Schober, John Schober, William Schlitt, John Schultz, John I. Scully, John Seaman, Paul C. Shaler, Wm. Sife, Wm. F. Sippel, George K. Smith, John P. Struczyna, Frank Sivierez, Edmund B. Thometz, Edward Thometz, John R. Urbanski, Frank Vondras, Michael White, John G. Wishwald, Matthew Wrablewski, Edw. J. Vimn, Matthew Ziinick, Frank Zimmer, Harry 1642 ST. JOSEPH'S, Summit Bona, Dr. John J. Curr, Wm. J. Gorman, James Gowgiel, Wm. Johnstone, Albert J. Johnstone, Frank J. Johnstone, Jos. P. Kelly, Wm. J. Kennedy. Edwin Atkinson, Eugene J. Barrett, Thos. E. Baldwin, Jas. J. Bleaser, L. E. Brennan, James Bryar, E. R. Bryar, Geo. Buda, M. Michael Burke, Wm. Burke, J. J- Campbell, Basil Collins, James Clancy, John Connelly, Thos. M. Connelly, Ray H. Conlon, Jos. F. Cook. Thos. F. Cook. James P. Carey, Daniel G. Decelle, O. A. Kennedy, Leo Lambert, Hubert F. Lustig, Geo. Mahoney, Timothy J. McLucas, Thos. A. Mallon, W. J. Bryan Murphy, Wm. O'Connell, R. F. Ostrouski, Dr. F. resavendo, Amedio F. Pucholski, Jos. Quirk, Bernard Quirk. John T. Seger, Frederick Viabrock, Mathias Welsh, John D., Jr. Wilson, John E. 1650 ST. JAMES, Chicago Deletto, Frank Demarais, Raymond F. Deveney, William E. Dillon, John K. Donovan, John P. Donohue, Frank T. Donnelly, Thos. B. Duggan, J. P. Durkin, John A. Fahey, Martin Faupel, Chas. Ferguson, E. C. Fitcher, Jos. A. Fitzgerald, Wilbur Flynn, James P. Pox, J. J. Fox, Robert P. Gannon, Geo. L. Gannon. Patrick J. Griffin. Gerald Garvin, Thos. Geissler, Clement Grifflji, Dr. Geo. D. J. Haggerty, Francis J. Hardin, Geo. D. Hayes, M. Hereley, Emmet Holway, James R. Houle, A. R. Houle, James P. Houle, Jas. L. Hughes, J. J. Kelleher. Thos. J. Kiley, Robert E. Kiing, Jos. Koebel, H. C. Kropacek, J. Loeffler, J. S. Larson, Willis J. Lubben. Wrn J 650 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Luby, Michael Liynch, James D. Lyons, Dr. E. Walsh Lyons, Frank Lyman, Richard Lyden, A. R. Maloney, Chas. B. Merwick, James Mandable, L. J. Mitchell, Thos. Moran, R. Mooney, Jos. McGrath, Peter E. Mulligan, Jas. P. Morrison, Robt. Murtaugh, Jas. J. Muehleman, H. McCaffery, Sylvester McNicholas, Thos. McCormick, John Maloff , E. R. McDonald, J. F. A. McDonough, Wm. McGann, Peter E. McGinnis, J. T. McGloin, P. E. McGuire, Valentine McKeown, Jos. Maley, Jos. H. McQuaid, Dr. A. F. McQuaid, Hugh Nicholi, A. G. Nora, Dr. E. N. Oldham, Harry E. Pritchard, E. W. Pfaffenberger, G. J. Quinn, Emmet J. Quinn, Martin R. Reilly, Archibald Schmitz, Jos. A. Torpey, E. W. Tremmel, Fred Torpey, E. W. Voeler, Jos. A. Weldon, John J. Wright, E. M. Ziegelmiller, F. G. Ballweber, Edw. A. Barrett, Jos. T. Boudreau, Geo. L. Boyle, Bernard J. Boyle, Frank J. Brown, Anthony F. Brown, Michael E. Burke, Raymond D. Bykowski, Frank H. Callahan, James J. Campion, Andrew- Casey, Daniel D. Castino, Chas. D. Conerty, Daniel Conlin, Robt. L. Conway, Dr. B. P. Conway, Stephen S. Cotter, Jas. D. Cotter, Jerry Dawson, Jos. M. Draine, Francis P. Dudek, Anthony Duggan, Michael P. Epstein, Dr. Wm. G. Fitzgerald, Thos. E. Fitzpatrick, Henry Flanagan, John P. Fullem, Thos. J., Jr. Getty, Clarence M. Getty, George A. Gilhuly, Henry P. Glazier, Jerry Gleason, John T. 1659 GENOA, Chicago Glynn, Edward H. Glynn, Gerald J. Glynn, James Hannagan, John C. Hanrahan, Dr. E. P. Healion, William J. Keaney, Jas. P. Ilearne, David J. Henneberry, John Horan, Sherman M. Horan, Thos. J. Howley, Raymond J. Huber, Alfred J. Huber, Marvin J. KeUy, Geo. S. King, Frank J. King, Jas. A. Landers, Thos. L. Mackey, Timothy W. McAninch, John J. McCabe, Michael McCarthy, Chas. J. McCormick, Daniel J. McGivney, Owen C. McGrath, Ralph T. McKenna, Thos. Mooney, Walter A. Morrisey, Jas. C. Murphy, John B. O'Brien, Maurice V. O'Connor, Francis X. O'Donnell, Edw. F. O'Donnell, Edw. T. O'Donnell, Melvin A. O'Gallagher, K. P. O'Grady, Jas. O'Leaiy, Geo. A. O'Malley, Laurence J. Quinn, Francis Quinn, James Reilly, Jas. R. Reilly, Wm. E. Rice, Robert H. Riley, Chas. J. Riley, Jas. D. Riley, John P. Rogers, Walter J. Ruberry, Bernard M. Rudloff, Leo Scharf, Geo. A. Scharf , Leo A. Schick, John W. Sebo, j-iouis Smith, John B. Strickland, Chas. M. Stynson, Thos. B. Terrell, Chas. J. Theis, John J. Torpy, Richard J. Vail, R. B., Jr. Walsh, Jas. J. Walsh, Stephen L. Wheeler, Joyce J. Williams, Jos. J. Zimmerman, John A. Zimmerman, Jos. 1660 GARCIA MORENO, Harvey Barry, M. Bernardi, Ignatius Bradley, David Broderick, A. Broderick, Jas. Broderick, Leonard Burke, Wm. Daley, John DeLaurier, Gilbert Ducett, F. L. Dudeck, Michael Eddy, Francis Gross, Max Guernsey, Walter Kramer, Chas. Kramer, John Kunze, Anton Kunze, John Law, Joseph Maloney, John Maloney, M. J. Mahew, Wm. McCarthy, Rev. G. T. Miller, Edw. Murphy, Ray Obernesser, John O'Connor, Walter O'Donnell, Gustave O'Hara, Wm. D. O'Rourke, John J. Reardon, Jos. Reid, Chas. Scully, Gerald Sherer, Chas. Volz, Edwin Volz, Wm. Voos, Wm., Jr. Zilligan, Aug. Yochum, Clem WAI^-THE ROLL OF HONOR 651 1678 AUBURN PARK, Chicago Bourke, Paul C. Oarlin, Dr. H. W. Canty, Thos. Carr, Jas. L. Carroll, Frank Clark, Patrick Clifford, C. P. Clifford, Daniel Clifford, Wm. J, Collins, John Connor, John P. Constable, Frank (I^oyne, John Deering, Chas. M. Delaney, Edward Donovan, Daniel J. Driscoll, Thos. J Durkin, A. A. Dwyer, Patrick M. Earley, Thos. J. Flynn, Jas. E. Flynn, Maurice J. Flynn, Leo M. Flynn, Walter J. Harrington, Jas. W. Healey, Edwin J. Hepp, Peter G. Kenney, Hugh F. Laurence, Prank P. Lennon, Edward P. Leyden, Jos. F. Loftus, Frank J. Luken, Roger M. Luken, Jos. H. Lux, Jos. P. Lynch, Wm. J. Magner, David A. Mahoney, Thos. J. Marsailles, John E. Rlaxner, Edward H. McCormick, Jos. C. McCurdy. Donald C. McDermott, Chas. E. McDonald, Frank J. McGovern, Patrick J. McGrath, Hugh T. McGrath, Wm. J. McNally, John F. McKinley, Dr. J. J. McHugh, Herbert J. Mealiff, Arthur E. Meyer, Dr. Jos. T. Moore, L. T. O'Leary, L. E. O'Meara, Wm. J. Paynter, Frank J. Paynter, Harry Prendergast, Edw. A. Prendergast, P. J. Pulaski, John Redden, Thos. J. Reilly, Jas. E. Shanahan, Jos. Shortall, John G. Stephens, E. A. Sweeney, Edwin F. Syron, Hugh T. Tobin, Thos. R. "\V alsh, Han y V. Whalen, John .1. Woulfe, Jas. L. 1687 UNIVERSITY, Chicago Alvarez, Russel J. Angarola, Anthony J. Angarola, Michael Arundell, M. E. Baier, Irwin J. Banner, Jos. J. Bauer, John Bedessen, Dr. Philip Blake, Frank E. Boecher, Martin F. Boland, E. F. Bornhofen, August Bornhofen, Oscar G. Bornhofen, Frank J. Boyle, Daniel Je. Boyle, John H. Boyle, John J. Boyle, Louis A. Branch, Chas. G., Jr. Brown, E. H., Jr. Brown, John P. Burkfc, Daniel R. Burke, John M. Burns, Walter J. Carmody, John W. Carroll, Wm. J. Cavanagh, Norbert J. Caverly, Edw. Cleary, Emmet J. Cleary, Frank J. Condon, Arthur J. Conley, Elwyn W. Conley, Jos. C. Connors, Harry E. Connolly, Frank A. Conroy, Chas. L. Conway, Wm. M. Corbett, Jas. C. Corcoran, A. B. Coyle, R. J., Jr. Coyne, Thos. J. Coyne, R. J., Jr. Crocker, Jas. B. Croddock, John W. Cullen, Geo. P. Cummings, J. F. Cunningham, B. J. Curry, Earl I. Daly, Jas. David, Chas. W. Delory, Edw. J. Dillon, Wm. J. Doherty, F. J. Donahue, Jos. B. Donovan, Edw. R. Donovan, Robt. J. Dowgialo, V. A. Doyle, Harry G. Duffy, Daniel J. Duffy, Raymond D. Dunne, Thos. L. Dyer, Dr. Robt. E. Ederer, Lothar A. Egan, Jas. W., Jr. Fargo, Wm. R. Farrell, Herbert P. Feeney, Wm. J. Fisher, Jos. J. Frerks, H. J., Jr. Flynn, Wm. J. Furlong, Harold A. Glover, Jas. Glynn, M. J., Jr. Glynn, Martin W. Gormally, Chas. A. Gorgen, Edw. T. Gorgen, Frank Grady, Michael Graham, Robt. Ei, Jr. Hafner, John A. Hanson, Jas. A. Hayes, Frank P. Heer, Jos. P. Heer, John A. Heffernan, R. J. Henry, Bernard A. Henry, Jas. P. Herekey, Harry F. Herman, Chas. Hickey, Howard J. Hickey, Norman J. Hoen, Irwin J. Holbeck, Wm. E. Horan, Wm. H., Jr. Hettinger, Edwin S. Hughes, Frank E. Hyland, Paul V. Johann, Edw. N. Johnson, E. G. Jones, David J. Joos, Herman C. Jorgenson, Chas. L. Kane, Robt. N. Kane, Wm. T. Kearney, John C. Keenan, F. J. Kein, Geo. E. Kelly, Edw. J. Kelly, John J. Kelly, Robt. C. Kelly, Thos. F. Kemper, Matthew Kenny, Jas. D. Kimmeth, Edw. King, Francis J. King, John J. King, Kyron B. 652 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS King, Wm. C. Kirtzeborn, Phil A. Knox, Chas. J. Konen, Wm. M. Korzeniewski, H. J. Kramer, John F. Kuhlmann, H. J. Lamb, Frank Leahy, Michael J. Lutz, Bertram I. Lutz, Lucien L. Madden, John Mahaney, Lester J. Maher, Edw. N. Maher, Thos. F. Mahler, John S. Mahony, John J. Maloney, John A, Maloney, John P. Maloney, J. J. Marcotte, Frank Martin, Chas. J. Martin, Jas. Martini, Geo. B. Matre, Lawrence S. Matre, Richard J. McCann, Edw. J. McCaughey, John A. McCaughey, John H. McCue, Jas. H. McDonnell, R. J. McDonough, Edw. F. McDonough, Geo. A. McElmeel, Eugene P. McGarry, Jos. H. McGrath, Roy J. McNeills, Frank Meister, Edwin F. Michiels, Frank I. Michiels, Leo P. Minwegen, Roger P. Mooney, Gerald F. Moore, H. S. Moran, Chas. Moran, John J. Morheiser, Geo. Morris, Harry A. Murphy, Jos. B. Murphy, R. B. Murray, Wm. G. Nellis, J. F. Nellis, Jas. L. Norton, Frank D. Norton, Harry S. O'Blrien, Cornelius O'Brien, Paul O'Brien, Thos. J. O'Connell, H. P. O'Donohue, Frank M. O'Meara, John J. O'Meara, Jos. O'Neill.Richard J. O'Reilly, C. H. O'Shea, Jas. Pape, Paul R. Perkins, Evan J., Jr. Perkins, Raymond Philbin, John A. Philbin, Thos. J. Pickel, Frank L. Przeniczkowski, John Przeniczkowski, Jos. Powers, Frank E. Powers, Jas. G. Pucker, Frederick Purdy, Chas. H. Quinn, Edw. C. Quinlan, J. P. Quinn, Vincent M. Quirk, Robt. C. Ryan, Thos. F. Reilley, R. A. Roberts, Louis B. Rompa, Bruno J. Ryan, Bernard J. Ryan, Francis Ryan, Jas. S. Ryan, Thos. F. Ryan. Thos. J. Ryan, Wm. J. Sayer, Geo. L. Schaack, C. A. Schmitz, Chas. H. Schodtler, Jos. G. Schutz, Arthur V. Seng, John F. Seng, V. J., Jr. Short, Jas. A. Simon, Peter J. Slattery, Basil D. Smith, Frank H. Smith, Howard F. Smith, H. H. Smith, Michael J. Stange, Geo. H. Story, Geo. W. Story, J. C. Street, Alexander J. Sullivan, Mason S. Sullivan, Paul Sullivan, Wm. C. Sweeney, Anthony Syoen, Jerome J. Tennes, Ray P. Toale, Jos. P. Tomaso, Edmund J. Tomaso, Jos. A. Tracey, Jas. A. Trowell, Edw. J. Twomey, J. E. Unterflnger, Chas. S. Van Heule, Emil A. Wachter, Alfred P. Wagner, Arthur C. Walsh, John V. Ward, Jas. P., Jr. Watters, Chas. Weber, Wm. G. Welch, Edw. J. Werner, Frank P. West, Ralph E. Willey, Jas. Winn, P. J., Jr. Wrarkowsky, Chas. M. Wright, Geo. G. 1691 CARDINAL, Cicero Ambrose, J. F. Barrett. S. J. Bartela, S. F. Belderson, B. J. Biedeman, F. Brennan, J. P. Brennan, J. P. Breveckis, J. S. Bopata, P. Chakanauski, K. Ficht, S. Gebhardt, H. P. Glenn, W. P. Hart, W. P. Haas, P. J. Kane, P. J. Kantor, J. P. Kasperski, J. Kasperski, J. A. Kasperski, W. L. Lawrentz, F. J. Malecki, J. M. Malley, G. Matjeka, F. Meine, F. J. Mielcuski, J. Multanski, D. Novak, S. F. Novak, T. A. Novak, R. J. Pozbyl, J. F. Puzik, P. Raleigh, G. A. Rapezynski, A. Rechenmacher, F. J. Roach, W. P. Rybak, J. P. Sirovatka, P. E. Schultz, J. F. Staffel, C. C. Staffel, G. Thielen, A. P. Thlelen, T. A. Thomas, J. P. Tierney, Dr. C. J. Vergue, G. Voda, J. G. Witkowaki, S. D. Yeons, P. C. Zalewski, W. P. Zienty, B. WARr-THE ROLL OF HONOR 658 1692 JERSEYVILLE, JerseyviUe Albrecht, Jos. Amberg, Fred Aylward, John R. Bechdolt, Henry B. Bray, Edward L. Brower, Bernard Burns, Earl F. Burns, Leo R. Burns, Maurice J. Butler, John E. Coleman, Eugene Coleman, Matthew Coleman, Michael Cronin, Thos. J. Dempsy, Edw. J. Dunsworth, C. F. Ely, Richard H. Ferenbach, Theo. L. Ferenbach, John F. Finkes, Joe Fitzgerald, J. W. Fleming, F. X, Fleming, Thos. J. Flynn, Robert E. Freeman, Curtis H. Freeman, Raymond Goetten, John Hanley, W. F. Hardy, Albert G. Hayes, Lloyd P. Heitzig, Edward Henneghan, Leo P. Hughes, Wm. E. Kallal, Ben. J. Kallal, John F. Kane, Matthew Kiely, Earl R. Kleffner, Fred Lahey, Robt. L. Leeson, James J. Maloney, Jos. V. Massey, Henry L. McGuire, John J. Meuth, John Moore, Jas. D. Munsterman, F. X. Oberlin, Harry F. Ostermann, Jas. Pierre, Rainer G. Pille, John Pohlman, John Powers, Francis J. Powers, Peter Roach, Marcus M. Pranger, John G. Schneider, Carl J. Schmidt, Bernard H. Schnelten, Antone G. Schnelten, Herman A. Schroeder, Geo. B. Shea, Dennis Sheppard, Jas. E. Shortal, Harold H. Shortal, Jos. A. Shortal, Paul E. Siemer, Frank Steckel, Clarence Steckel, Geo. F. Steckel, Wm. Fred Steinbacher, H. J. Stendebach, Wm. Tonsor, Jos. E. Tracy, P. B. Tracy, Leo W. Tuohy, Daniel A. Tuohy, John A. Vaughn, Jas. A. Walsh, Matthew J. Welsh, Lawrence Welsh, John J. Weule, Russell G. Wheaton, August J. Wheaton, Fred H. Wock, Louis 1703 RIDGE, Chicago Bibeau, Fred A. Braun, Frank G. Casey, Frank T. Cunningham, Wm. J. Dempsey, F. V., Jr. Dowling, Francis P. Dowling, Elroy E. Egan, Bernard A. Ebert, Harold J. Hepp, Frank J., Jr. Hogan, Ralph J. Jones, David H. Keehan, Stephen T. Kehoe, Moses J. Kelly, Chas. J. Kennedy, Wm. J. Keppler, Bert Kollman, Geo. H. Langan, Jos. J. Maloney, Geo. M. McVey, Leo G. Mulkerrin, Patrick Meyr, Geo. H. Murphy, Dr. Phil J. McLaughlin, John B. McEnery, Patrick B. McKiernan, Jas. IM. Multauf, Henry J. Normoyle, Geo. J. Normoyle, Jas. J. Oeschel, Jos. E. O'Connor, Ray J. O'Keef e, Edw. O'Toole, S. S. Pepin, Geo. J. Pfordresher, Ray J. Pfordresher, H. C. Scheuer, Frank G. Shanrahan, David R. Sheey, John J. Sheey, Emmet E. Stark, Chas. A. Seeley, Jas. C. Shulz, Wm. A. Smith, Rodger D. Smith, Michael Tuxf ord, Roy A. Walsh, Robt. E. Wilkinson, Jas. W. Zeller, Geo. J. 1704 NEWTON, Newton Albinger, John J. Chestnut, Orlen J. Faller, Raphael Fehrenbachei , Albert Fehrenbacher, Chris. Fehrenbacher, Jas. Fehrenbacher, Justin Frichtl, John J. Gallagher, John L. Harris, John A. Hemrich, Ben Hines, Eugene Kaufman, John F. Kerner, Leo J. Laugel, Paul Lombiner, Frank Lombiner, Urban G. Mattingly, Bert McCullough, J. T. McCullough, Paul Raef, Otto A. Rauch, Wm. J. Rooney, M. A. Worland, Frank D. AVorland, Geo. Worland, Wm. H. Zuber, Frank 654 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1712 COLLINSVILLE, Collinsville Arth, Louis C. Arth, R. A. Arth, R. C. Boes, Edward L. Boes, Frank P. Boes, Herman S. Capelle, Paul Dillon, Leo Gebauer, C. W. Gavin, Thomas Ganninger, Geo. W. Gannon, Thos. J. Gannon, Chas. J. Hedden, Wm. G. Hogan, Wm. G. Henry, Albert Hughes, Patrick Hock, Isidore J. Hock, Francis John, Ralph H. John, Kdgar G. Krite, William Kalina, Chas. J. Kinsella, W. L. McManus, Jos. B. McKernan, Wm. McMullen, Wm. P. Meyer, Edw. H. Murphy, Jas. E. Mailman, Tony Moore, Bernard Nurdin, Leon E. Poletti, Jos. W. Piepmeyer, Edwin H. Kissi, Bernard T. Reese, Walter A. Schuck, Walter F. Snadden, John J. Spaulding, J. B. Sonnenberg, John Wilshire, John J. Verneuil, Jos. 1742 ST. PATRICK'S Chicago Barr, John C. Barron, John J. Belanger, Adelard J. Belanger, Geo. E. Bond, Thos. A. Brandeis, Edgard M. Brokamp, Archie T. Brown, Wm. J. Butler, John G. Calabrese, Nicholas Campbell, Jos. C. Carpenter, Jas. P. Carroll, Wm. P. Chambers, F. P. Cleary, Jas. R. Connolly, Arthur P. Conway, Patrick J. Cronin, Mark Crowley, Lawrence J. Cullen, John H. Danaher, Jas. Deneen, Peter Devereux, Jas. L. Dolan, Raymond Donohue, Francis J. Dooley, Richard Dunne, James Evans, John J. Enright, Patrick J. Falardeau, Oscar F. Faul, Francis Flaherty, John J. Flynn, Clinton Flynn, Maurice Forde, John P. Foy, John Galarneau, Jules P. Galena, Chas. L. Galgano, Nicholas Garuckas, Benedict S. Giff, Geo. E. Gleeson, Edmund I. Giady, Jas. S. Hanrahan, Timothy J. Hartford, Wm. J. Hopkins, Frank J. Kenny, Wm. J. Kent, Paul G. Keough Martin F. Klein, Fred J. LaPointe, Edw. J. liee, Edward Lenox, Jas. L. Lorden, John J. Lytle, Jas. E. Mahoney, C. D. Maher, Ignatius V. Mauricau, Geo. McArdle, Jos. A. McAvoy, Earl J. McCaffrey, Chas. B. McDonald, Edw. J. McEnerney, Jas. P. McGrath, Daniel B. McGrath, Jas. F. McHale, Jas. F. McMahon, Martin J. Morrissey, Edw. J. Murphy, Edw. F. McNeela, Patrick J. O'Connor, Timothy J. O'Day, John P. O'Donnell, Arthur P. O'Donnell, Rev. J. L. O'Donnell, Edw. M. O'Halleran, S. T. O'Neill, Edw. O'Neill, Thos. R. O'Neill, Thos. O'Meai a, John T. O'Shaughnessy, J. P. Patterson, Jas. Prost, Harry S. Purcell, John J. Quail, Cyril J. Quixlish, Arthur M. Reilly, Chas. P. Renehan, Raymond H. Ryan, John Savage, Jos. P. Sharkey, Thos. Siggins, Jas. J. Smith, Alfred T. Smith, Michael J. Stack, John P. Stack, Robert Stringer, Edw. P. Sullivan, John L. Sullivan, Jeremiah J. Sullivan, John A. Tobin, Wm. S. Toner, Chas. E. Widmann, Urban Wise, John P. Wise, Thos. F., Jr. 1761 HOOPESTON, Hoopeston Aught, Wm. Beuhler, Fred Bleaks, Paul Cosgrove, Henry Cosgrove, John L. Fortin, Herman Fraley, Chester Crinler, Paul Harbert, G. B. Houghton, Ralph Mulcahy, Ed. WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 655 Brady, Edward Bray, Chas. Burke, Harry, Jr. Burke, W. T. Fitzgerald, Howard Fitzgerald, J. P. 1775 UTICA, Utica Fitzgerald, W. D. Glancy, Malachy Hanley, Dennis Hanlon, Dennis Liebel, Jos. Madden, E. J. Manley, Thos., Jr. Mertel, Geo. Neary, Edw. Smith, Edw. 1846 ST. PHILIP NERI, Chicago Basko, Jos. G. Birchler, Walter Bourke, David P. Boyd, William H. Boase, Basil Burke, Thos. Clark, Geo. C. Corcoran, Franci.s J. Carney, Ralph T. Charlebois. A. P. Corcoran, E. J. Cronin. James F. Dee, S. Allerton Donellan, E. J. Draper, Gerald F. Dromey, John P. Dunno, E. J. Dunne, Jos. P. Doyle, Francis A. Doyle, F. Winston Farrell, Jas. J. Fox, Robt F. Graham, Chas. J. Graham, Gerald J. Hanrahan, Jas. P. Harris, John J. Hayden, Wm. P. Healy, Daniel M. Jordan, Geo. Kerris, Fred Lavin, John Larkin, Dr. C. J. Larkin, John J. Loye, Wm. T. J. Mackey, John W. Murphy, John A. Murray, James H. Montague, Earl Mulroy, Thos. L. McCauIey, Raymond McGough, Jas. A. McCue, Walter McGinnis, Harry P. McGinnis, Wilbur J. McMahon, J. E. O'Dea, Thos. P. O'Brien, John C. Reidy, Philip Roche, Jos. V. Ruddy, Henry T. Santschi, Ray J. Short, Norman F. Spizzirri, Raymond Saxelby, Wm. E. Shenk, Robert R. Sullivan, John Toomey, Wm. J. Thorp, Bernard J. Walsh, Thos. Welty, Leslie J. Wolfe, Edgar R. 1853 ALLEMAN, Nauvoo Bernhardt, Wm. Bollin, Mark Boyles, Ray Eid, .Joseph Gaule, Richard Haas, Carl Haas, Fred Kelly, Thos. D. McCarthy, John E. McGrath, Paul R. Moffltt, John Newton, Emil Peck, Chas. W. Pilkington, F'erd. Sheets, Joseph Wellner, Edwin 1899 ST. FRANCIS XAVIER, Chicago Adduci, James Alesia, Jack Ancona, Sam Bertone, Tony Buccien. Frank F. Caparelli, Gregory Caravelli, Luigi Cecilia, Louis Ciofl. Alfred Covelli, Sam B. Damon, Lee August DeMore, Michael De Salvo, Carmen Ditore, Joseph J. Fogarette, Louis P. Gorgoglione, Sam J. Grazcadei, Daniel Grancio, Frank lacullo, Joseph P. Kennah, J. B. Laponigu, William Leone, Frank D. Leone, Frank Libonati. Michael E. Longo, Giuseppe Lufrano. Frank Maccino, Guy Manzo, Tony Mariani, James Mazzola, Theo. J. Meccia, Carmen Moreno. .Salvatore .-\. Morganelli, James Natadonato, James Orlando, Robert Orrico, Joseph R. Palumbo, Michael A. Panegasser, Joseph F. Pontecorvo, Louis Rado, Peter V. Rito, Frank N. Ritondalc. Peter Romano, Michael A. Romano, Natale Russo, .Joseph F., Jr. Russo, Fiorino Saracco, Daniel Sarli, George A. Scatchell, John Schom, Albert J. Spingola, Henry J. Sentore, Joseph Tarsitano. Gabriel Varchetto, Ralph Vendetti, Louis Villano, Ralph Vitullo, John M. Vitullo, Louis Volini. Italo F. 656 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1911 ELMHURST, Elmhurst Amadooni, Harry Burr, Peter Ladwig, Albert Blievernicht, Jerome Barron, Nicholas McNichols, Walter Burke, Peter Krlshack, Geo. P. Sauer, Casper 1912 ST. MARY'S, Delavan Bibo, Joseph Hapenny, John Roche, Gerald P. Connell, Richard Kritzberger, Edgar F. Ryan, Wm. P. Connors, Patsy Lyons, Thomas T. Seward, Owen Connors, Walter McCabe, Thomas Thaller, Joseph Cullinnan, L. M. McKenna, Felix B. Wilson, John L. Fisher, Robert Phelan, Francis E. Winkel, Francis J. Gabbett, Francis Roche, Leonard MEANING OF THE ROLL OF HONOR It will be conceded that the foregoing is an extensive display of names and as time passes the significance of this roster will be revealed. The names are not thus displayed in a sense of braggadocio but merely that a permanent record shall exist of the manner in which this small element of the citizenry of Illinois responded to the service of the country. Its deeper significance will be appreciated when it is remembered that from this number two hundred and fourteen gave their lives and another two hundred fifty-two were wounded more or less severely. The character and conduct of the men named will be appreciated when it is remembered that a number in excess of thirteen hundred of them were commissioned or non-commissioned officers. The total num- ber of men in the service throughout the United States was four million eight hundred thousand. Of these, two hundred thousand were officers or one out of every twenty-four. The total number of Knights of Columbus in the service from Illinois was twelve thousand, the number of officers amongst them, one thousand three hundred or one officer out of every nine. There is reason for believing they did their duty since one hundred and twenty-six of them were decorated or cited under the regulations of the governments engaged in the war. Finally it may be conclusively shown that the members of the Knights of Columbus compare favorably with members of other American socie- ties in their devotion to their country. Three of the largest societies in the United States are the Modern Woodmen of America, The Knights of the Maccabees of the World and the Knights of Columbus. The War Record of these three societies as given in the reports of the proper officers may be shovra as follows: WAKr— THE ROLL OF HONOR 657 COMPARATIVE SERVICE RECORD 1. Statistics for United States Total Total „ . . Membership Members ^ocii'ty Qgg 3j^ jgj7 jQ service Percentage Ratio M. W. of A 1,047,011 59,038 .05 1 to 17 K. O. T. M. W 311,772 16,000 .05 1 to 19 K. of C 392,807 100,000 .25 1 to 4 2. Statistics for Illinois M. W. of A 174,672 9,056 .05 1 to 19 K. O. T. M. W (No report) K. of C 43,662 12,000 .25 1 to 4 GOLD STARS Out of a membership of 311,772 the Knights of the Maccabees of the World record 500 Gold Stars. Out of a membership of 392,807 Knights of Columbus we have a record of 1,502 Gold Stars. This chapter is brought to a conclusion with many misgivings. It was of course a stupendous task and it must be conceded that it is not completely satisfactory. It is much to be regretted that more than six hundred names are omitted from the list; that many of the accounts are inadequate and that much valuable information is omitted simply because it could not be obtained though the greatest effort was made to that end. In this connection it is only fair to the council officers to state that the unreasonable reticence and largely false modesty of the men who were in the service baffled every effort at particularity. The dear boys must be pardoned, however, as their experiences, at close hand, were chiefly of such an unpleasant nature that they were anxious to forget them all, the good as well as the bad. The nobler part, however, will survive after the disagreeable has been forgotten and this writer will be content if his poor performance be taken as a sincere effort to render to his brothers a tribute richly merited by them. 658 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS SUMMARY No of Number of Men Members Council Name and Location of Council — in Service Dec. 31, 1917 182 Cbicago, Chicago 46 438 244 Marquette, Chicago 87 708 282 De LaSalle, Chicago 73 780 301 Illinois, Chicago 63 536 324 Englewood, Chicago 76 399 361 Lafayette, Chicago 482 1,567 364 Springfield, Springfield 217 694 382 Joliet, Joliet 103 495 427 Spalding, Peoria 197 788 460 Alton, Alton 108 289 470 Rockford, Rockford 132 343 517 DeSoto, Chicago 181 707 537 Phil Sheridan, Oali Park 41 310 556 Galesburg, Galcsburg 69 329 .">74 Bloomington, Bloomington 130 386 577 Decatur, Decatur 130 351 583 Quincy, Quincy 89 443 592 East St. Louis, B. St. Louis 113 391 632 Calumet, Chicago 523 2,000 634 Starved Rock, Ottawa 95 312 650 Damen, Chicago 105 515 653 Freeport, Preeport 47 339 654 Elgin, Elgin 64 168 658 Allouez, Rock Island 103 385 661 Beardstown, Beardstown 11 60 662 Sterling, Sterling 48 244 663 Carlinvillo, Carlinville 36 176 065 EflJngham, Effingham 81 200 082 Pierre Gibault, Macomb 18 49 690 Dixon, Dixon 47 140 696 Galena, Galena 47 257 699 Litchfield, Litchfield 36 129 716 Leo, Moline 46 192 717 DeKalb, DeKalb 65 240 730 Chatsworth, Chatsworth 46 199 731 Waukegan, Waukogan 126 227 734 Santa Maria, Kewanee 52 184 735 Belvidere, Belvidere 19 74 736 Aurora, Aurora 66 474 740 Keenan, Amboy 14 130 745 St. Viateur's, Kankakee 134 353 749 Peehan, Chicago 90 406 754 Danville, Danville 51 209 761 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Chicago 160 671 773 Port Dearborn, Chicago 110 310 776 Woodstock, Woodstock 52 157 790 Streator 86 333 792 Calvert, LaSalle 101 505 WAR— THE ROLL OF HONOR 659 SUMMABY— Continued 805 Leo XIII, Chicago 284 801 845 DuPontaris, Morris 4 128 851 Commercial, Chicago 50 223 852 Hildebrand, Chicago 18 168 854 Pontiac, Poutiac 44 210 860 Paris, Paris 28 93 868 Jacksonville, Jacksonville 119 323 887 Father O'Connor (formerly Irving Park), Chicago 102 449 890 Patrick Peehan, Fulton 12 57 891 Twin City, Champaign 92 313 895 Odell, Odell 30 167 896 Pana, Pana 39 104 914 Loyola-Hyde Park, Chicago 97 380 915 Immaculate Conception (Ohio) 4 52 922 Ouilmette, Wilmette 43 143 950 Columbus, Chicago 81 315 967 General James Shields, Chicago 39 251 980 LaRabida, Chicago 72 438 985 Minonk, Minonk 17 85 988 Murphysboro, Murphysboro 35 186 997 Chicago Heights, Chicago Heights 60 195 1005 Hughes, Chicago 245 625 1009 Ravenswood, Chicago 76 411 1023 Clinton, Clinton 13 76 1025 Centralia, Centralia 18 58 1026 Assumption, Assumption 20 119 1027 Cairo, Cairo 87 222 1028 Belleville, Belleville 40 223 1030 Brownson, Chicago 112 474 1035 Rochelle, Rochelle 11 S6 1047 Immaculate Conception (Ivesdalc) 6 77 1048 Daniel O'Connell, Chicago 43 288 1057 Mattoon, Mattoon 44 256 1063 Daniel Dowling, Chicago 237 604 1077 Newman, Evanston 96 307 1089 Thomas Aquinas, Chicago 118 440 1092 Oregon, Oregon 1 34 1098 Tri-Cities, Granite City 27 120 1118 Commodore Barry, Chicago 439 1.209 1135 Madonna, Chicago 144 541 1143 Edwardsville, Bdwardsville 29 83 1151 Morrisonville, Morrisonville 22 191 1152 St. Isidore's, Farmersville 11 78 1156 Hennepin, Chicago 46 338 1157 St. Cyr Day, Chicago 78 277 1176 Perez, Lockport 35 41 1194 Archbishop McHale, Chicago 143 395 1204 Harvard, Harvard 28 141 1250 Lincoln, Lincoln 52 151 1262 San Salvador, Chicago 87 475 660 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS SUMMARY— Continued 1268 Lake Forest, Lake Forest 22 95 1278 Father Setters, Chicago 272 865 1279 Americus, Chicago 193 756 1281 Mt. Sterling, Mt. Sterling 27 116 1282 Dwight, Dwight 18 77 1288 McHenry, McHeury 49 136 1298 Duquoin, Duquoin 29 103 1316 Seneca, Seneca 14 124 1334 Waterloo, Waterloo 23 89 1343 Mt. Carmel, Mt. Carmel 29 87 1352 Olney, Olney 21 68 1366 Blue Island, Blue Island 35 150 1369 Naperville, Naperville 54 242 1382 Carlyle, Carlyle 110 296 1419 St. Augustine, Chicago 37 232 1434 General Sherman, Chicago 82 270 1444 Father Perez, Chicago 260 760 1456 Washington, Maywood 31 115 1496 Monmouth, Monmouth 23 164 1511 Santa Maria, Chicago 143 513 1548 Oak Park, Oak Park 39 251 1555 West Chicago, West Chicago 23 110 1567 Tonti, Chicago 48 455 1.574 Braidwood, Braidwood 30 230 1580 Highland, Highland 11 50 1581 L. A. Lambert, Ridgway 2 65 1595 Nazareth, La Grange 46 198 1599 Lemont, Lemont 29 91 1628 Bishop Ketteler. Chicago 153 787 1642 St. Joseph's, Chicago 26 101 1650 St. James', Chicago 107 334 1659 Genoa, Chicago 99 321 1660 Garcia Moreno, Harvey 39 131 1678 Auburn Park. Chicago 71 287 1687 University, Chicago 252 412 1691 Cardinal. Cicero 52 184 1692 Jerseyville, Jerseyville 84 145 1703 Ridge, Chicago 50 209 1704 Newton, Newton 27 81 1712 Collinsville. Collinsville 42 123 1742 St. Patrick's. Chicago 105 325 1761 Hoopeston, Hoopeston 11 80 1775 Utica. Utica 16 111 1846 St. Philip Neri, Chicago 61 185 1853 Alleman, Nauvoo 16 87 1899 St. Francis Xavier, Chicago 59 157 1911 Elmhurst. Elmhurst 9 99 1912 St. Mary's, Delavan 20 87 Total 11,393 43,963 Note.- — Several councils reported more men in the service than they named. When the secretary came to make up the list of the names not all could be found. This caused the following discrepancies : D»Kalb reported 83 and named but 65 : Aurora. 126, 66 : Charles Carroll, 241, 160 ; Leo XIII. 321, 284 ; LaRabida, 82. 72 ; St. Cyr, 86,78 : Hennepin, 101, 46 ; San Salva- dor, 102, 87 ; Father Setters, 301. 272 ; Perez. 326. 260 : Tonti, 160. 48 : Bishop Koettler, 312, 153 ; Cardinal. 64, 52. This shows 661 names omitted and brings the total in the service to 12,054. CHAPTER XV TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM If the age of chivalry has passed, if it be no longer custo- mary for men to go in search of opportunities for the display of their valor or fidelity, if men are no longer drawn to the espousal of holy causes such as the recovery of sacred places, or if lady love is entertained under a milder guise than in the days "when knighthood was in flower," the recent M'orld war has proven that heroism still survives. Whatever refinement of reasoning may be indulged in by those who seek to define the cause for the entrance of the United States into the world war no one will be able to fasten upon the young men who entered the sei'vice of their country a selfish motive. That service meant a sacrifice to every man, and especially to those outside the regular forces of the army and navy. It held out to no man in civil life a promise of anything like adequate reward. It promised nothing in the way of aggrandizement to the man himself or to his country. Whatever war-makers, empire-builders, profiteers or others who might be advantaged by a disturbed state of society may have thought of the war, the young men who entered the service believed as their president told them — that they were enlisting in the cause of humanity, and no knight of olden days ever consecrated himself to any cause with greater devo- tion than did the young men who enlisted in the United States forces, even if they made little or no ceremony of their em- barkation in the cause. The story of the heroism of American boys is written in blood upon every European battle field, and also in the records of American camps and hospitals. Many volumes 661 662 KNIGHTS OF COLIBIBUS IN ILLINOIS would be required to tell that story as it deserves ; and, since but brief mention can be made of the glories that are mingled with the horrors of the late war, we will have fulfilled our task if we but draw attention to the record of some of the Illinois members of the Order who gave their lives or so valor- ously exposed them as to draw down upon themselves the approval and admiration of those cognizant of their efforts. CAPTAIN JOSEPH P. VOLLMAN, DeSoto Council EMMET P. O'CONNELL, Charles Carroll Council The men who gave their lives for their country in the war have been designated as Gold Stars. Of the 12,000 members of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois who served their coun- try during the war there were 214 who made the supreme sacrifice, and are accordingly referred to as Gold Stars. It is regrettable that it now seems impossible to state the circum- stances under which each of our members came to his death. Fairly complete records of some of them, however, are avail- able, and may be briefly set down. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 663 It must be said that it is no easy task to gather correct information regarding- the heroes of the war. Junius B. Wood, Chicago Daily News correspondent, whose cable of August 8, 1918, told of some recent exploits, added his own comment : ' ' The modesty of these heroes after a fight is typical of true bravery. They are invariably reticent in discussing exploits of theirs which in other ages would have inspired poets to glorify them in song or historians to laud them in story. They dis- miss with a word deeds in which they risked their lives. ' ' This, of course, applies to those who survived the conflict, but there are many difficulties in the way of securing full and correct information concerning those who gave their lives. In the following pages only a few of the Gold Stars are mentioned at length, and perhaps none is given his just deserts, but at this short distance from the events the sacrifices are perhaps not fully appreciated, and consequently have been but partly told. Here, however, is a brief story of some of our Gold Star heroes. "STRUCK OUT"i In Memory of William Francis LinsJcey, Killed in Action September 26th, 1918. Twin pictures in his robes of war and play And symbols of a sainted hero's role — - These, and the mem'ry of a Spartan soul Are all we have to mark his earthly stay. When country called, to foreign lands away He sailed — the battlefield his goal; And youthful hands, then gripped the rifle's bole, The bat aside to wait a happier day. Now, on a fairer field beyond the skies A soldier of the King in peace abides His Maker's decoration on his breast. A baton, as the symbol of his rise, Completes the trinity — the private rides As Marshal in the pageant of the blessed. — Patrick J. J. McCarthy. 1. The feeling lines and satisfying slcetch by Linskey's friend and intimate, Patrick J. J. McCarthy, have been inserted verbatim. ''"■-'■■" Angarola, Michael L. Allen, William J. Ashley, John C. Aught, William Aussen, Arthur D. Babst, Edward Bailey, Herbert Barry, Edward J. Becker, William J. Benson, Edward W. Bergschneider, Werner J. Beyers, Bernard Blerman, Frank X. Bleaks, Paul Boeckman, Joseph Bonfield, George Bowers, Walter C. Bowlan, Edward P. Boyle, Peter P. Burke, Emmet Burns, Thomas Butler, H. J. Calmeyn, Norman Callahan, William J. Cartan, Richard F. Carroll, John C.irr, Peter Casey, Emmet M. Coleman, Matthew Cornwall, Norman Costello, L. V. Cronin, Edward F. Cronin, Peter T. Czeski, Frank Devlin, Charles J. DLttman, Carl J. Dion, Joseph Dirks, Joseph Dockendorff, Frederick Donohue, James J. Dowling, Joseph J. Dunne, Rev. J. J. Eddy, Leo Charles Egan, Bernard A. Eggermauj Albert H. Elbus, George J. Ellis, Edward F. Fairfax, Frank L. Ferenbach, John Flckbaum, Herman F. Fitzgerald, William Flanagan, Edward Flanagan, J. P. Flynn, Lee Freis, Fred P. Gardiner, Charles A. Ganninger, George W. Gay, Stanley T. Garry, Edward J. Gerding, Fred W. Glynn, J. J. Gordon, Bernard A. Grennan, Joseph P. Griffin, Richard Guerin, John J. Haas, Fred Hahn, Hazlett Hallihan, W. A. Hanley, Leo Hanning, William H. Hassett, Thomas J. Haugh, William J. Hayden, William M. Helms, John H. Herely, Epimet L. Hiltenbrand, Arnold P. Hoffman, Theodore Hogan, Arthur Holthaus,' Gustav Horan, Stephen Howe, Bernard J. Hughes, John A. Hunt, Arnold S. Huntley, Boy Ives, Joseph F. Jacky, Philip J. James, Warner J. Janiszewski, John V. Johnson, Edward G. Johnston, Joseph E. Jones, David H. Joseph, Joseph J. Kalvelage^ George J. Kartheiser, M. M. Keenan, John A. Kelly, John F. Kelly, Edward Ignatius Kelley, Raymond J. Kelleher, T. L. Kelter, James C. Kennedy, Robert R. Kilburg, Matthew J. Kildufif, Joseph F. Kinsella, Thomas Klingler, Leo L. Kniery, Edward Koenig, William F, J. Koerkemeyer, Antony Korte, Joseph Lahey, Robert L. Lavelle, Thomas J. Layden, T. E. Legris, Max Leingany, Frank J. Lennon, Edmund H. Lerch, Leo J. Libert, Rev. Lucien G. Libonati, Michael E. Lynskey, Emmett Lippoldt. Joseph Luxem, Leonard P. Linskey, William F. Lyman, Richard Lyons, Bernard M. Madden, John C. Majewski, Casimer Mangion, Thomas E. Manning, Raymond M. Matre, Lawrence S. Mattingly^ Leo McCarthy^ Eugene S. McClusky, Byron V. McCullough, LeRoy C. McCune, Harold A. McDonald, Joseph McEnery, Patrick B. McGinnis. J. F. Maguire, Charles McGuire, Charles McKenna, Hugh A. McMeel, Bernard F. McQuaid, Arthur F. McQuaid, Hugh 664 Metzen, William J. Miller, L. C. Monckton, Thomas Moore, John M. Moran, Emmett Mulhern, Lawrence S. Murray, Patrick J. Murray, S. E. Navigato, Frank P. Nolan, William Michael O'Connell, Francis M. O'Connell, Emmet P. O'Connor, Maurice T. O'Donaghue, Frank M. O'Leary, Robert E. O'Shaughnessy, James J. Paynter, Frank J. Peifer, William Phalen, James J. Phillips, Wallace Poprzyski, Sylvester Pritzlaff, Charles P. Prost, Nicholas A. Quinn, James P. Quinne, Clarence B. Reilly, Edward Riedy, Robert M. Rissi, Edward H. Robe, Frank Roseman, Francis Rourke, R. J. Rouse, Clare F. Ruhnke, Leslie C. Ryan, J. J. Ryan, James E. Ryan, James L. Scherer, Karl Schmidt, Paul, Jr. Schmidt, Henry Schmitt, Charles J. SchneLton^ Herman SchonofE, Bernard Shea, T. H. Sherlock, Matthew J. Sheridan, Michael Simon, Francis J. Smith, John B. Snadden, John J, Sokel, James A. Spinner, Joseph Stout, Albert H. Sullivan, John J. Sullivan, John J. Sullivan, Stanley F. Thaller, Joseph E. Thoele, Charles H. Tlerney, Frank J. Romsco, Joseph M. Tremmel, Fred Veasey, Edward J. Verlin, Edward Verneuil, Joseph Vignochi, Ettore Vlk, Edward Vogler, Joseph A. Vollman, Joseph P. Walter, Martin E. Wargin, Sylvester Wellner, Edwin Winkler, George C. Wolf, Alvin TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 665 Thrice honored for valor, William Francis Linskey, private of Company "B," 131st Infantry, Thirty-third Division, A. E. F., was killed in action September 26th, 1918, at Forges Wood in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. He was the son of the late Patrick Linskey and Mary Linskey, 310 West Huron WILLIAM. F. LINSKEY, Marquette Council STANLEY FRANCIS SULLIVAN, Daniel Dowling Council JOHN A. HUGHES, Commodore Barry Council U. S. Regulars Street, Chicago, and a member of Marquette Council, No. 244, Knights of Columbus. "Bill" Linskey was a sterling representative of that type of young Catholic manhood, which was the finest contribution of America to the Allies. Athletic, his body developed by years of playing his beloved game of baseball, it was fitting 666 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS that he should celebrate the Fourth of July in the tragic year of '18 by going over the top with his comrades, a Lewis auto- matic rifle in the hands that a year before had gripped a base- ball bat in one of the many games he had played at the Lake Shore playground in Chicago. He mentioned the contrast in a letter from the front to his parents. For his gallantry on that memorable day he won the honors of three countries, the American Distinguished Service Cross, the French Croix de Guerre and the British Military Medal. The official citation, issued from General Headquarters, Amer- ican Expeditionary Forces, and signed by James G. Harbord, Chief of Staff for General Pershing, is as follows : At Hamel, July 4, 1918, he Tvas severely wounded in the right arm by shrapnel at the beginning of the engagement. He continued to carry his Lewis gun and use it with good effect in the assault on the village of Hamel, thereby exhibiting great gallantry and devotion to duty. "Sometimes an anecdote illumines a character more than a biography," says the venerable Chauncey Depew. It is in connection with the decoration of Linskey by King George of England, with the British Military Medal, that is told one of the classics of the war : The King had made a 900 mile trip along the front and had stopped at a seventeenth century chateau to honor the first Americans to be decorated by him in France. General Persh- ing and Major General Bell of the Thirty-third Division awaited him. They received, respectively, the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath and the Knight Grand Cross of St. Michael and St. George. Then followed the ceremonial when nineteen men were lined up before him. He chatted a while with each man and, as the story goes, when Bill was asked, "Is there an\i:hing else I can do?" he replied: "Yes, Your Majesty — for God's sake free Ireland." The fighting spirit of his Gaelic ancestors flamed up in that red-haired lad to whom the battlefield seemed only a glorified TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 667 playground. While in the hospital, recovering from his Fourth of July wounds, he wrote home: On the night of July 3rd we crept out into No Man's Land at lii o'clock. The moon was not shining. We laid there until 3 o'clock in the morning. When the firing began we advanced into the German lines and captured 1,700 prisoners and some machine guns. » « • I got hit in the hand and it sure did bleed. Everything looked safe so I sat alongside a dugout and was tying a handkerchief on my wound when I heard some Germans talking. I turned my automatic rifle in there (it holds 47 bullets) and told the Germans to come out. They did and all went on their knees, yelling "Merci, Kamerad! " I counted them and there were 13. (I will have 100 before I quit.) I suppose if I hadn't been there they would have started something but when they saw the automatic rifle I had them even cryrng.2 There is a story out of his ball playing days which the writer of these lines can relate at first hand, being a witness of the incident. He was playing third base on his council 's team in an indoor contest. One of his best friends on the opposing team let a bat slip from his hands, which struck Linskey on the left temple and cut an ugly gash. It was the last of the eighth and Bill was next up to bat in the ninth. This was his first remark on recovering consciousness on a dressing room table : "Well, I hope the guy that bats for me gets a hit!" Wlien the Great Umpire called the last play on Bill he was there "in the pinch." — Patrick J. J. McCarthy, James Anthony Sokel, of Englewood Council, lost his life while in the service on July 31, 1917. He entered the Navj- and was at Great Lakes Training Station for about ten days, when he was ordered East to board the training ship Delaware. He sailed on the Standard Oil Tanker "Motano" July 5, 1917, having been appointed Captain of the gun crew. The Motano was sunk off the Irish coast on July 31, 1917, and Sokel was drowned. Sokel was bom in Chicago on September 26, 1893, and 2. Letter in possession of his mother. 668 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS resided there until August, 1899, when he and his family removed to Chatsworth, 111. In July, 1905, the family returned to Chicago and have since resided there. Young Sokel at- tended SS. Peter and Paul Convent in Chatsworth, and com- pleted his grammar education in the Oliver Wendell Holmes School in Chicago, graduating in the year 1918, after which he secured employment with L. Bosch & Company, Jewelers. EDWARD J. VEASEY. Illinois Council DAVID HOWARD JONES, Ridge Council Before entering the service he worked several places, includ- ing the Western Electric Company, the Wabash and the C. & W. I. Railways. He left the service of the C. & W. I. to enlist in the United States Navy in April, 1917. While employed he attended night courses in the Art Institute for drawing. He was a great lover of sports of all kinds, especially boxing, wrestling and gymnastics, and had many friends in athletic circles.^ 3. Information furnished by parents. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 669 Lieut. Edward J. Veasey, of Illinois Council, was attached to Company F, 168th Infantry, 42nd Division, A. E. F. He was born in Lima, Ohio, May 7, 1889, and was graduated from St. Rose Catholic High School, June 22, 1905. He graduated from Kent College of Law at Chicago on June 1, 1916, and was admitted to the bar in July, 1916. During his junior and senior years he was professor of public speaking at the college and after graduating was engaged in law practice in Chicago with Hon. James C. McShane. He entered the Fort Sheridan Officers Training School, August 26, 1916, was com- missioned October 29, 1917, and sailed for overseas January 23, 1917. According to information received at the time of his death Lieut. Veasey went into one of the trenches with six other officers and was near an army shell which exploded in the trench. Two of the men were killed outright, and Veasey with several of the other wounded was started for hospitals. As one of the American hospitals was approached it was found under bomb fire of the German Air Squadron. The stretcher bearers then turned around and started for another Base Hospital with Veasey. Before they arrived there he had died, not being able to withstand the shock and wound from the bursted shell. His parents received the following message from Capt. Davis C. Arnold : "As zone major of the 42d Division, it is my duty to notify you of the death of your son, Lieut. Edward J. Veasey, who was detailed from the 168th Infantry, Co. F, to take up the duties of town major. I wish I could in words express my feelings of appreciation for the service rendered by your son for his country. He took up the town major work in a most able and conscientious manner, and as such I relied upon him to meet the most difficult problems of the service. On the morning of the 15th of July your son, together with eight or nine of his brother officers, left their barracks in which they were quartered and took shelter in a trench near the same. A shell exploded, killing two officers and wounding your son. He was immediately sent 670 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS to an evacuation hospital. While on his way to the operating room, the Germans shelled the hospital, making it necessary to remove the wounded from the same. This, however, was not accomplished until a great many had been killed. I believe that your son would have lived had it not be4;n for the shelling of the hospital, as it delayed the operation all of five hours. I was unable because of my duties to be with your son during the last moments of his life, but did, however, see him about four hours before he died. At this time he had a smile on his face and had no complaints to make. He died in a tent ward of the hospital in a little town near Chalons. One of the nurses who was with him when he passed away will write you; I wish that I could write in a way that would be to you at this hoar a recompense for the loss that you and our country have suffered by reason of your son's death. Men of your son's type and character will bring to this world a democratic peace. As his mother, I honor you for giving to your country a noble, brave and valued soldier. Yours in deepest sympathy, (Signed) David C. Arnold, Captain. It is said of Lieutenant Veasey by his closest friends that tt ere was never a morning of his life, providing sickness did n(.t prevent, that he was not seen at an early Mass, frequently during the week receiving Holy Communion. He was well known and was very popular with many prominent members of the Chicago bar.* John V. Janiszewski of Lafayette Council, was a Corporal in the service, and was killed in action in France, on August 2, 1918. Serving as a member of a raiding party sent over No Man's Land he became the victim of a hand grenade thrown by the enemy. Charles McGuire and Edward Kniery, both of Alton Coun- cil, were killed in action. Joseph P. Vollman of De Soto Council was killed in action. Vollman was a member of Co. A, 58th Inf., 4th Div., and came to his death October 6, 1918. 4. Valuable and interesting details furnished by Frank J. Murnlghan, an intimate friend of the deceased. Photograph supplied by a sister. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 671 Lieut. Bernard F. McMeel, of Calumet Council, was a mem- ber of Co. E, 9th Inf., A. E. F., commissioned at Fort Sheridan November 27, 1917. He was killed while leading his command in action during the allied advance south of Soissons, July JOHN JOSEPH SULLIVAN Leo XIII Council LEO L. KLINGLBR, Olney Council JOSEPH P. GRENNAN Streator Council 18, 1918. His parents were presented with a Distinguished Service Cross. Lieut. Leroy McCullough, also of Calumet Council, was a member of Battery A, 124th Machine Gun Battalion. Lieut. McCullough was commissioned at Camp Stanley, Leon Springs, Texas, and came to his death while capturing a machine gun nest in the Argonne Forest, October 9, 1918. 672 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Private Thomas J. Hassett, also of Calumet Council, served with Co. E, 134th Inf., and was killed in the Argonne Forest, October 8, 1918, during the allied drive which brought the war to a close, and in the Illinois division which played such an im- portant part. Sergt. James J. 'Shauglmessy, also of Calumet Council, was a mechanic in the aero sei"vice, and was killed in an aero- plane accident at Camp Orley, France, February 11, 1919. Theodore Hoffman, of Effingham Council, was a member of Co. G, 130th Inf., 33rd Div., and was killed in action on November 10, 1918. Herman F. Fiekbaum, of Galena Council, was mortally wounded on August 10, 1918. Fiekbaum was a private in Co. E, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Clare F. Rouse, of Galena Council, was mortally wounded on September 12, 1918. He was a member of Co. D, 35oth Inf., 89th Div. Rouse left Galena on April 27, 1918, arriving in France on June 16th and was on the firing line July 8th. He participated in a number of battles and was killed at St. Mihiel. He was but 22 years old at the date of his death. Francis M. O'Connell, of DeKalb Council, met a tragic death on October 6, 1918, off the shores of Scotland on board the transport Otranto. His ship collided with the British destroyer Kashmir, and for several hours all lives were de- spaired of. O'Connell was recovering from an attack of in- fluenza and the exposure so weakened his condition that he was taken off ship and left at a hospital in Glasgow, Scotland, where he died. Clarence B. Quinn, also of DeKalb Council, died after a long siege of influenza contracted while in the service. James L. Ryan, of Chatsworth Council, a private serving with Co. A, 345th Machine Gun Battalion of the 9th Division, was killed in action September 20, 1918, at Commue of Villars- Sous-Preny, Meurth-et-Moselle, France. Ryan entered the service April 28, 1918, at Pontiac; was sent to Camp Dodge, TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 673 Iowa, and from there to Camp Travis, Texas ; thence to Camp Mills, New York; thence to France. Young Ryan was born Feb. 27, 1896, of Aloysius P. Ryan and Mary Ellen (Cleary) Ryan of Strawn, Illinois. He attended St. Viator's College.^ Edward J. Garry, of Feehan Council, was killed in action in France. He had previously been decorated with the Dis- tinguished Service Cross. Leo Hanle}', of the same council, also was killed in action in France. Hazlett Hahn, of Danville Council, was killed in action in France. Emmet 'Council, of Chas. CarroU Council, was killed in battle at Chateau Thierry. Leslie C. Ruhnke, of the same Council, was killed in action at Argonne Forest. Carl J. Dittman, of Woodstock Council, was kiUed in action at Belleau Woods, June 13, 1918. He was in service with the 6th Regiment, 7-4th Company U. S. Marines, in which he enlisted December 6, 1917. Dittman was born February 2, 1895, and prior to his enlistment was employed by the Oliver Typewriter Company. Henry Schmitt, also of Woodstock Council, was killed in action at the battle of Chipply Ridge, August 9, 1918. As a youth he entered the emplojTuent of the Oliver Typewriter Company, but on June 9, 1914, enlisted in Co. G, 3rd Illinois National Guard, for a period of three years. On May 1, 1915, he was appointed Corporal and on April 1, 1916, he was pro- moted to Sergeant. On June 29, 1916, he was mustered into service at Springfield, Illinois, to serve on the Mexican Border. In June, 1917, he re-enlisted as Mess Sergeant in Co. G. With his company he left Woodstock on the 13th of September, 1917, for Camp Logan, Texas. He attended the Officers' training school at Leon Springs, Texas, from February to April, 1918, returning to his company for a short time, being then trans- 5. Information furnished by parents. 674 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ferred to Headquarters Company, 130th Regiment. On the 2d of May, 1918, he left Camp Logan for Camp Upton, leaving the latter camp on May 15th. On May 16th, 1918, he sailed from New York with Headquarters Company, 130th Regiment, landing at Brest, May 24. He was then transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf., as Provisional 2nd Lieut. He was promoted to the HUGH A. McKENNA, Newman Council THOMAS J. LAVELLE, Keenan Council rank of 2nd Lieut, early in August, but was killed in action before official notice of his promotion reached him.*^ Thomas J. Lavelle, of Keenan Council, (Amboy) received a mortal wound on October 18, 1918, Private Lavelle was called to the service March 29, 1918, and after some training in American camps reached France on June 11th, and went into position on the front lines August 22nd. On September 10th, he was attached to the 1st Division ; moved into position at St. Mihiel, September 12th, where the drive opened up at 6. Information obtained of parents. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 675 ^one A. M., on Dead Man's Hill. With his detachment he left the Mihiel Woods September 15th, marched 23 miles on foot and entered the first Argonne battle, 52 miles from Mihiel in which he participated during the Argonne and Meuse drive October 4th to October 18th. He advanced to Romange October 22nd, where he remained until November 1st, when he was wounded by losing his right arm at the shoulder. He was given first aid and taken to an Evacuation hospital and operated on November 2nd. Was moved to the Base Hospital, No. 202, Orleans, France, November 4th, but died November 5, 1918. The brave young fellow was cited for valorous con- duct at Romange, France, on November 1, 1918, and his name inscribed on the roll of honor of the Prairie Division, Gen. George Bell, Jr., Commander. His remains arrived in Amboy from overseas on January 7, 1919, and were laid to rest in St. Patrick's Cemetery. The American Legion and Knights of Columbus attended the funeral ceremonies." George Bonfield, of Fort Dearborn Council, was killed in action in France the day before the armistice was signed. Joseph F. Kilduff, Jr., of Calvert Council, was killed in the battle of the Argonne, September 27, 1918. Kilduff had been hastily called into action and although he fought through the battles of Chateau Thierry and Belleau Woods he came to the Argonne unscathed. Here, however, he gave up his life. John C. Madden, of the same council, was in the thick of the fighting during the autumn of 1918, and died of wounds received in battle on October 7, 1918. Joseph P. Grennan, of Streator Council, died of wounds received in the Meuse-Argonne battle on October 26, 1918. Brought to Paris he succumbed to his wounds on November 28, 1918. Bernard M. Lyons, of Odell Council, gave up his life in a heroic attempt to reach another division for orders, for which service he had volunteered. 7. Information from parents. 676 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Edward Ignatius Kelly, of Loyola-Hyde Park Council, died from gas poisoning. Kelly was a private in Battery C, 139th Field Artillery, which he entered June 14, 1918. He was at the battle front from October 17th to December 15th, 1918, and died at the United States Marine Hospital on Nov. 27, 1920. Patrick J. Murray of General James Shields Council was killed in battle in the Argonne Forest, George J. Kalvelege of Kavenswood Council died of wounds EDWARD I. KELLY, Loyola-Hyde Park Council MICHAEL SHERIDAN, Brownson Council received in battle. He entered the service with the First Reg- iment Illinois National Guard at the time of the Mexican Border trouble, and when this country entered the world war he re-enlisted in the same regiment, afterwards named the 131st. He fought in all the battles participated in by his reg- iment, and was wounded several times, from the results of which wounds he died in January, 1919. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 677 William M. Kartheiser, of Ravenswood Council, was a member of the same regiment. Fought in all the battles up to the time of his mortal wound, which he received at Chippily Ridge, and from which he died October 25, 1918. The remains of both these heroes were brought home. Michael Sheridan, of Brownson Council, died of wounds re- ceived at the fight in the St. Mihiel sector. William J. Allen, of Thomas Aquinas Council, was killed in battle on the night of October 31, 1918. He entered the service October 3, 1917, at Camp Grant, and was assigned to Company C, 342nd Infantry, 86th Division; from there he was transferred to Camp Logan at Houston, Texas, April 1, 1918; next to Camp Upton, Long Island, May 3, 1918. He sailed from Hoboken, N. J., on steamship Agamemnon, May 16, 1918, and arrived at Brest, France, May 24, 1918; was transferred to the British Training area near Oisemont, June 1st, moved closer to the front lines near Amiens about July 1st. He took part in the battle at Albert near Amiens. He was next transferred from the British area to the First Amer- ican army in the Toul sector, August 28, 1918, which moved near Verdun September 6th, relieving a French division. Took part in the Meuse-Argonne battle September 26th, to October 20, 1918; moved to Troyon-Sur-Meuse on the St. Mihiel sector to the relief of an American division. It was here in the sector near Marcheville that he and several of his men met death. ^ John A. Hughes, of Commodore Barry Council, Chicago, w^as killed in action in the Argonne, October 6, 1918. Corp. William J. Metzen, of Harvard Council, was killed at Chateau Thierry. Maurice T. O'Connor, of San Salvador Council, Chicago, was killed in battle October, 1918, while carrying an injured soldier off the field. Norman Cornwall, of Americus Council, serving in Co. 8. Information from parents. 678 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS A, 5th Separate Eeplacement Battalion, U. S. Marines, died from wounds received in action on November 6, 1918. WiUiam M. Hayden, also of Americus Council, was killed in action October 3, 1918. George J. Elbus, of Mt. Sterling Council, connected with Headquarters Company H, 39th Inf., died of wounds received in action on October 16, 1918, Leo L. Klingler, of Olney Council, died of pneumonia and JAMBS J. DONOHUE, Loyola-Hyde Park Council EDWIN C. WELLNER, Alleman Council was buried in the American cemetery at Zambelles (Finistere), France. George C. "Winkler, Carlyle Council, private, formerly re- siding at Germantown, Illinois, was killed in battle. Carlyle Council had an unusually long death roll, five of its members giving their lives in the service, viz., Joseph Boeckmann, Gustav Holthaus, Antony Koerkemeyer, Joseph Korte, and George C. Winkler. Particulars of these deaths TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 679 are unavailable, except in the case of Joseph Boeckmann, who died of diphtheria on January 27, 1918, at Camp Pike under distressing circumstances. Kasimer Majewski, of Tonti Council, enlisted in the navy at the outbreak of the war. In service aboard a U. S. de- stroyer he was stationed in the Crows Nest as lookout for submarines. He kept his watch in the severest weather, and while in the submarine zone his ship began rolling in a wild storm, and he was blown out of the ''Crows Nest" into the raging sea, never to be seen again. The Naval Board of Inquiry declared him ' ' killed in line of duty. ' ' Nazareth Council has a long list of gold stars, viz., Corp. Philip J. Jacky, William F. J. Koenig, Serg. James P. Quinn and Francis J. Simon. The first three died of illness brought on by exposure in the service. Francis J. Simon enlisted in the 76th Co., of the 6th Regi- ment, U, S. M. C, May 5, 1917, trained at Quantice, Va., and Paris Island, S. Carolina, and sailed for overseas duties in September, arriving in France October 5, 1918. He held the rank of Sergeant and saw duty in the front lines in the bat- tles of the Marne, Belleau Woods, Chateau Thierry, Soissons, Vierzy, St. Mihiel, Champagne, Blanc Mont and ]\Ieusc Argonne. He was wounded in the Champagne battle of Oc- tober 8, at the town of St. Etienne and sent to the hospital. For his gallantrj^ on that occasion "While under violent ar- tillery and machine gun fire he carried important messages to the two commanders of the units of attack at St. Etienne. He was wounded by a shell splinter and evacuated," reads a citation from General Petain of the French forces. "Rejoin- ing his company on October 31 his skull was pierced by a machine gun bullet while rushing forward in the leading wave of attack against a machine gun nest at St. Georges, France, Nov. 1, 1918, with two other men of his company alongside a tank in front of his company. The men in the tank were killed, as were also those following Sergeant Simon. Un- 680 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS daunted, he continued the attack, encountering and capturing the crew of the enemy machine gun in the dugout," reads a citation from General Pershing, Commander of the American forces. Several other citations came to tliis heroic young marine. For his heroism the French decorated him with the Croix de Guerre, the Gold Star, the Fourragere and the Navy Cross. JAMES A. SOKEL, Englewood Council GEORGE J. ELBUS, Mt. Sterling Council The government of the United States awarded him the Victory Medal with Ribbon, the Aisne Defense Battle Clasp, the Aisne Marine Battle Clasp, the St. Mihiel Battle Clasp, the Meuse Argonne Battle Clasp, the Defensive Sector Clasp, five Bronze Stars and two Silver Stars. Simons died at Base Hospital No. 68 at Mars-sur-Alliers, December 11, 1918. His remains arrived at his late home in LaGrange on Sunday the 9th of January, 1920, and through- out the days and evenings up to the time of the departure TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 681 from the home to the church throngs of citizens of the village paid their respects. St. Francis Xavier Church was packed to the doors at the funeral ceremonies, which were conducted by the pastor, Rev. Joseph A. Bollman, who had known the young man since his coming to LaGrange, and who paid a glowing tribute to the brave young marine.^ Patrick B. McEnery, of Ridge Council, was a Top Ser- geant, and was killed in action in France, July 18, 1918. Fred C. Haas, of Alleman Council, Nauvoo, was killed in action September 6, 1918. Haas was a member of Co. F, 359th Inf., and was 24 years old at the time of his death. He was buried in the American Cemetery in France, but his remains were sent to his home in Nauvoo, where a military funeral took place, from SS. Peter and Paul's Church, the American Legion and Knights of Columbus marching from their halls to the Church. The business houses were closed during the funeral, which was very impressive. The casket was decorated with the American flag and Knights of Columbus emblems. Seven American Legion soldier boys stood guard of honor at either side of the casket. At the cemetery the American Legion held the prescribed services. Private Edwin C. Wellner, also of Alleman Council, was killed in battle on October 16, 1918. He was attached to the 333rd Machine Gun Battalion ; later to Co. A, 343rd Inf., and lastly to the 309th Inf., Co. L, in which he lost his life, dur- ing the fight in the Argonne at a point about three miles from the city of Grand Prix. His remains also have been returned to the United States and buried in the Catholic Cemetery at Nauvoo.^° Dr. Arthur Francis McQuaid of St. James Council enlisted in April, 1917, in the Medical Corps, and was commi.ssioned First Lieutenant July 5, 1917. He reported for duty to the 9. Father supplied fuU information including oopii'S of offlcial records. 10. Full information regarding these two Nauvoo «old Stars was furnished by W. M. Argast, Council Historiographer and publisher of Tln' 'Nauvoo Rustler. 682 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Office of the Surgeon General at Washington, D. C, in Sep- tember, 1917, and was assigned to duty in the war hospitals of England, where he remained until July, 1918, when he was sent to work with the British forces in Flanders and Northern France. Wliile on duty in the front trenches, during the Battle of the Combre, he was mortally wounded, and died two ARTHUR FRANCIS McQUAID, M.D., St. James Council FRANCIS JOSEPH SIMON, Nazareth Council days later, October 15, 1918. Dr. McQuaid was born in Chi- cago on July 19, 1890, and was a graduate of St. James High School in the Class of 1908. He received his medical degree from the Medical College of Loyola University with the Class of 1915. He served his internship at St. Bernard's Hospital, and practiced for about a year before entering the war. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 683 A Captain's commission was issued for him on April 15, 1919. Sergeant Stanley Francis Sullivan of Daniel Dowling Council was killed in action on July 15, 1918, Sergeant Sulli- van was in the Infantry service with Headquarters Company of the 30th Regiment, 3rd Division. He enlisted on the 5th of December, 1917, and left Chicago, December 8th, for Jef- ferson Barracks. From there he went to Camp Green, North Carolina ; then to Camp Merritt ; sailed for Europe March 31, 1918, and landed in France, April 11th. He was in actual service from May up to the time of his death. Young Sulli- van was cited for bravery during the Battle of Chateau Thierry and was killed in the second battle of the Marne at 6:30 A. M., of July 15, 1918, at the Chanet Chateau. This young hero was born November 2, 1893 ; was educated at St. Agnes' School, after which he took a course in a business college. He was an accomplished violinist and singer, and had bright prospects for a successful business career. Prior to his entrance into the service he held a responsible posi- tion with the Miller & Hart Packing Company, coming to that concern from the employment of Armour & Company. An account of his death is contained in a letter of his Regimental Sergeant, a part of which reads as follows : The 2iid battle of the Marne started at 12:00 midnight, 14th of July, 1918, by the Hun throwing one of the most intense barrages of the war upon our Sector. Our personnel oflSce where Stanley was on duty was soon enveloped within the barrage and was incessantly shelled throughout the night. At 6:30 A. M., our personnel officer, Capt. Frank R. Marston, issued orders to load all regimental records on an escort wagon and seek safety in the rear. It was while assisting in the making secure of our records, that Stanley met his death. He was standing near the wagon directing the loading when a Hun shell exploded at his side, killing himself, Capt. Marston and five of his associates and severely and mortally wounding others in the vicinity. After the fury of the' barrage subsided and after the Huns were forced back across the Marne River, I visited LaChanet in search of Stanley and his comrades. I found Stanley dead at his post, death being instantaneous. His body, however, was not badly mutUated and at the time, I judged 684 KNIGHTS OF COLIBIBUS IN ILLINOIS that death was due to concussion. I immediately notified the Surgeon of the 111th Infantry regarding the casualties, and a burial detail was at once dispatclied to the scene of the disaster. One week later when re- turning to the front, I took occasion to visit LaChanet, to see for my- self that the orders of the burial party had been carried out. I found Stanley's grave at the rear of a large and only barn at the Chateau. It is immediately behind the wall, a cross with his identification tag nailed on it was placed in the ground upon the grave and overlooks the now CASIMER MAJEWSKI, Tonti Council MAURICE F. O'CONNOR, San Salvador Council, Killed in Action, Oct. 18, 191S forever historic Marne Kiver, Avhere the turning point for making the world safe for democracy was effected and for wliieh he so willingly gave his life. Of his qualities the officer speaks as follows : Stanley came to us about the 15th of December, 1917, at Camp Greene, North Carolina, when our regiment was recruiting for overseas service. Myself being the first person he met upon his arrival, I en- gaged him in conversation and learning of his accomplishments as a stenographer I placed liim on duty in my office. It was only a short time until Stanley became an old soldier, he worked his way into the TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 685 heart of all with whom he came in contact, through his soldierly qual- ities, sunny disposition and willingness to assist and help others. Of- ficers came to "Sully" (by this time had become his nickname) to have their work done, as well they knew it was only "Sully" who could take their dictation on the jump and put the work out in a style distinctly "Sully." I often wagered money at our Division headquarters for a contestant against "Sully" but his nan:e as a stenographer had already became known throughout the division, and was one to be reckoned with. His departure will long be felt by the officers, his office colleagues, myself and the efficiency of my office. 'i Private Hugh A. MeKemia of Newman Council died on Armistice Day, November 11, 1918, from wounds received in battle. He entered the service on Easter Saturday, IMarch 30, 1918. After a few weeks at Camp Grant he was transferred to Camp P^unston, where he remained about two weeks at tar- get practice. From there he was transferred to Camj) Mills, New York, where he joined Company A, ."Jootli Infantry, and set sail for England early in June. He remained at Ramsey, England, for about six weeks, studying the codes, and rejoined his company in France as a dispatcher. On August 13th he was advanced to the firing line, and from this tiine on he was in the thick of the battle most of the time. On November 5, 1918, at Beauford, he was thrice wounded. Pneumonia de- veloped, and he was sent to Base Hospital 19, A'ichy, where he died on Armistice Day. He was buried on November 13tli, with full military honors in the American cemetery at Vichy, (Alliu) France. Emmett M. Casey of Washington Council was killed in battle on August 7, 1918. This young hero was the soii of James J. and Mary Green Casey, of 216 S. Fourth Avenue, Maywood, 111., and was born at Willow Springs, 111., September 22, 1897. At the age of three months his parents moved to Chicago, where the boy when he became of school age at- tended the Myra Bradwell School, Windsor Park. In tlu; vear 1912 the family moved to Maywood, Illinois, and in the 11. Letters in possession of paronts. 686 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS following year Emmett graduated from the St. James Paro- chial School of Maywood. He at once took a position as time- keeper for his father on general construction work. In the EMMETT M. CASEY, Washington Council PATRICK B. McENERY, Ridge Council MAJOR C. L. WEBER, Cairo Council TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 687 year 1915, he took up the study of engineering and on Novem- ber 21, 1917, he enlisted in the 108th Engineers, training at Camp Logan, Houston, Texas. His company sailed for France on the Transport George Washington, arrived at Brest May 18th, 1918, and came under fire June 18th, and he continued on the battle front until the day of his death. On the evening of August 7th, Casey and some membei's of his company were sent out on special duty, and upon their return after midnight Serg. Hay was selected to establish communication with the infantry, and called for volunteers, when the following men responded : ]\Iurphy, Casey, Clark, Weizbowski and Williams. After the work was over all the men returned but Casey. Having received a shot he proceeded forward, but the heavy loss of blood weakened him, and he died about an hour after receiving the wound. Emmett Casey's parents gave another son, Douglas Casey, to the service, who was cited and decorated for bravery, and their patriotism is indicated in a letter regarding Emmett, in which it is said : ''He was the dearest in the world to us, but we are satisfied as he gave his life for his country. If it is worth living for, it is worth dying for. I hope we will always have men that are willing to die for their country. "^- DECORATED AND CITED The men who attained especial distinction in the service and lived to rejoin their friends and take up the interrupted thread of life were, in the human sense, more fortunate than those who gave their lives, though ever so gloriously. It is distinctly gratifying that a substantial number of members of the Knights of Columbus so conducted themselves, when the occasion arose, as to merit the approval and applause of superior officei-s and, when known, the admiration of their fellow men. The best means of conveying an idea of the reception of 12 Of all the letters received by tbe author of thia work respecting service'men this of Mrs. Casey's is the most heroic. 688 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS COL. JOHN V. CLINNIN, Chicago Council TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 68^ distinctions during the war is by a brief recital of records concerning such honors, noting again that our information is incomplete. Chicago Council had three men who were especially honored. They were Col. John V. Clinnin, John F. Ryan and Harold P. Schwind. Col. Clinnin was one of the highest army officers from Illinois, ranking with three other colonels from this juridiction. His record may be summarized as follows : Born at Huntley, Illinois, April 5th, 1876. Educated in the public and parochial schools of Chicago. De LaSalle Institute and Chicago-Kent College of Law. Public Life Chief Deputy Recorder of Deeds 1903 to 1918 Assistant Corporation Counsel l^l.T to 1917 Assistant United States Attorney 1921 to 1922 Military Record Enlisted First Infantry Illinois N. G. Oct. 15, 1894 Corporal First Infantry Illinois N. G. July 6, 1896 Sergeant First Infantry Illinois N. G. April 26, 1898 Second Lieut First Infantry Illinois N. G. April 23, 1899 First Lieut First Infantry Illinois N. G. December 19, 1899 Captain First Infantry Illinois N. G. May 3, 1903 Major First Infantry Illinois N. G. July 25, 1910 Lieut. Colonel 108th Ammunition Train December 26, 1917 Colonel 108th Train Hdqrs. V. M. P. May 7, 1918 Colonel 130th Infantry A. E. F. June 8, 1918 War Record Sergeant ...First Illinois Volunteer Infantry. .April 26 to Nov. 17, 1898 Spanish American War July 9 to Aug. 26, 1898 Santiago de Cuba June 19 to Oct. 5, 1916 Major First Infantry Illinois N. G Mar. 26, 1917, to June Mexican Border Service 19, 1919 Major First Infantry 111. N. G. (131st Infantry) June 5, 1917 World War December 12, 1917 Lieut. Col. . . Put down insurrection Joliet Peni- tentiary 690 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Colonel 108th Ammunition Train May 7, 1918 Colonel . . . .108th Train Headquarters and Mil- itary Police June 8, 1918 130th Infantry A. E. T Somme Defensive June 2 to Aug. 8, 1918 Somme Offensive Aug. 8 to 18, 24, 1918 Morlain Court Villers Brettoneaux Albert St. Mihiel Offensive Meuse Argonne Offensive Sept. 11 to 13, 1918 La Morte Homme Sept. 26 to Oct. 21, 1918 Bois de Coute Lemonte Breuilles Consenvoye Bois du Chaume Bois de Plat Chene Defense Sector "Troyou" Oct. 22 to Nov. 12, 1918 Presnes Saulx Champion Chateau d'Aulnois Marcheville Wounded, gassed, and blinded, Consenvoye, France Oct. 17, 1918 Awarded Distinguished Service Medal ' ' For Distinguished Leadership ' ' Citation by General John J. Pershing ' ' For meritorious leadership and bravery in action. ' ' Citation by General George Bell, Jr., "For meritorious lead- ership. ' ' Third American Army Army of occupation Dec. 5, 1918, to May 11, 1918 William Linskey, of Marquette Council, was especially distinguished, as is seen above in treating of Gold Stars.^^ 13. See page 663. ILLINOIS K/'C Decorated OR cited BM WORLD WAR^ i^ Arns, Peter 1030 Ash, James 1089 Babst, August 1369 Babst, Rev. Julius J 1369 Banner, Joseph G 1687 Barrett. Edward J 1444 Barry, Edward J 749 Bremner, F. M 1009 Broche, Arthur T 1030 Brophv, Philip H 632 Burg, John J 1419 Capen, R. A 1057 Casey, Douglas 1456 Casev, Emmet M 1456 Cecilia, Louis 1899 Clinnin, John V 182 Corrigan, John 1456 Cox, George T 658 Cummings, Nicholas 1030 Cummings. N. W 1279 Czosek, Peter P 887 Darche, Rev. Harris A 1279 Delberto, Joseph A 632 Diver, J. Emmet 1030 Dochendorff, Frederick ^^^^ Dodd, Brendon J 632 Drummond, Michael F 632 Elwood, Joseph P 1444 Erhart. A. J 1194 Farrell. Edward J 1077 Flaherty, James J 632 Flynn. James P 1650 Flynn, Maurice J 1678 Garry, Edward J ^ 749 Grace, W. J 1089 Griffin, Dr. George A 1050 Halloran, J. J 1089 Harmon, Rev. Thomas L 3bl Hanley, Leo 749 Hartnett, Daniel J., Jr 749 Hayes, John W 914 Hayes. Dr. J. M 577 Hogan, Edward 1098 Hogan, John V. 1547 Hottinger, Edward S lt>87 Hughes, Patrick 1194 James, Warner J lO^' Jedlicka, James J 1005 Joos, Herman -;,••,• lath Kane, Rev. William T. S. J 1687 Keane, Christopher H 1156 Keenan, John J }}^'* Kelly, J. E.... 1444 Kelly. Harry F 6^4 Kelly, John J.. o3^ Kenealy. John J i^o" Kennedy. George M ooo Kennedy, Raymond R <^i Kirk, Joseph i"g" Kuesner. E. F.. . . • l<;-7 Lavelle, Thomas J 74(i Leach, Frank E, 887 Linskey, William F 244 Mackey, George S 1118 Marten, Edward 988 Mahoney. John J 632 Mangan. James B 1030 McCaughey, John A 1687 McCarthy. Thomas F 1434 McCormick, William A 773 McCormick, T. J 1005 McGurk, P. J 1089 McGrath, Marcus G 108!) McGee, John 632 McHugh, Hugh P 1981 McHugh, John P 761 McMeel, Bernard F 632 McNally, Edmund A 632 McNamee. Charles J 1009 McNiff. Edward 1030 McQuaid. A. F 1650 Meyering, William D 1194 Michaels, Frank J 1687 Modraw, Perry F 592 Moore, Percy James 887 Murphy, Joseph 980 Noone, Michael 1089 O'Donnell, Edward J 773 O'Halloran, J, J 1089 O'Hern, Rev. John J 773 O'Kane, William J 1027 O'Keefe, John J 734 O'Kelly. Thomas 1158 Patton. John J 1027 Powers, James G 1687 Quinn. John M 517 Quinn, Martin 1650 Redden, Thomas J 1678 Ripple, Jack 1599 Russell. James T 805 Ryan, John F 182 Ryan, Dr. L. A 592 Sarsfield. J. P 1089 Schmugge, George W 1030 Schwind, Harold P 182 Scott. Melvin S 1089 Senger, Herbert 754 Sheehan. M. J 1089 Sheehan. P. J 1089 Simon, Francis J 1595 Stack, Robert M 658 Stapleton. John 1030 Stein, Leonard ,854 Stout, Albert H 1027 Sullivan, Stanley Francis 106.J Sullivan. Joseph J 1444 Tarskev. Rev. R. J 805 Veasey, Edward J ^"l Vllano, Ralph 1899 Walter, Martin E 134.;^ Walsh, Thomas J 63- Weber, Charles L.. M.D 1027 Wflmer, Herman H 517 Wirner, Carl 754 Wolf, Leo M 895 Wolfe. Arthur C 790 691 692 KNIGHTS OE^ COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Edward J. Veasey, of Illinois Council, as has been seen amongst the Gold Stars, also was the recipient of notable distinctions. Chaplain Rev. Thomas L. Harmon, of Lafayette Council, CAPT. WILLIAM D. METERING, Archbishop McHale Council JOHN J. KELLY, Calumet Council received the D. S. C. and other honors, as appears in connec- tion with his record as chaplain. Serg. John M. Quinn, of De Soto Council, received the D. S. C, the army order reading as follows: "John M. Quinn (Army Ser. No. 1,039,034) Serg., Battery "F" 10th Field Artillery, for extraordinary heroism in action near Greves Farm, France, July 15, 1918. Responding to a call for volun- teers Serg. Quinn, with eight other soldiers, manned two guns TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 693 of a French battery which had been deserted by the Frencli during the unprecedented fire after many casualties had been inflicted on their forces. For two hours he remained at his post and poured an effective fire into the ranks of the enemy. ' ' Serg. Quinn received a broken leg and serious gun wounds in this engagement. Captain Herman H. Weimer, of DeSoto Council, was JOHN J. O'KEEFE, Santa Marie Council LT. A. J. ERHART. Archbishop McHale Couii(.il awarded two decorations, the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre with Palm. The citation for the latter was issued by Marshal Petain on Order No. 13,024 of General Headquarters, French Armies of the East, and reads as follows : "Herman H. Weimer, First Lieutenant, Co. H, 131st Infantry, in an attack on Boise de Chaume, Oct. 9th, although twice wounded, and although a machine gun bullet had pene- trated his helmet, he continued to lead his company, and by liis tenacity and example created confidence among his men 694 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS at an extremely critical moment. He continued the command even after being ordered to the rear by his Battalion Com- mander until completely exhausted." He received the Distinguished Service Cross from General John J. Pershing. Young Weimer enlisted April 6, 1917, after serving the previous summer on the Mexican border. He was appointed First Sergeant on May 2, 1917. Helped suppress the riots at Illinois State Penitentiary at Joliet June 16, 1917 ; commis- sioned First Lieutenant of Infantry November 19, 1917 ; arrived in France with 131st Infantry of 33rd Division May 30, 1918 ; commissioned Captain October 29, 1918, and partici- pated in the following battles: Hamel, July 4, 1918; Somme Offensive, August 9 to 13th ; Etineham-Bray Offensive August 14 to 16th ; La Morte Homme Action, September 26 (slightly wounded) ; Argonne-Meuse Offensive battles, Meuse Crossing, October 8 ; Consenvoye, October 8tli ; Boise de Chaume, Octo- ber 9 and 10th (received two wounds) ; Boise de Harville, November 7th; St. Hilaire, November 10th (gassed). Private George M. Kennedy of Galesburg Council received the D. S. C. Capt. J. M. Hayes, M. D., Grand Knight of Decatur Council, was awarded the British Military Cross on account of his gallant conduct in assisting in bringing five severely wounded men back from the front while under heavy shell fire. Perry F. Modraw, of East St. Louis Council, received the D. S. C, and Dr. L. A. Ryan, also of East St. Louis Council, received the Military Cross. Nine members of Calumet Council, whose names are given elsewhere, were cited in despatches.^* Private John J. Kelly, the son of a widow, residing in Chicago, though only eighteen years old, promptly joined the Marines, and hastened abroad with them and imediately became famous for his part in the fight at Chateau-Thierry, where 14. See sketch of Calumet Council. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 695 he captured a machine gun nest single handed; took many prisoners, and saved the lives of many of his comrades. Young Kelly is said to be the most decorated American soldier. He possesses American, French, British, Belgian, Italian and Montenegrin decorations. Young Kelly is a member of Calumet Council, and since his return from abroad has been very active in many public undertakings. To all appearances he has a bright future before him. Lieutenant Harrv F. Kellv of Starved Rock Council, Ottawa, was decorated for bravery. Unfortunately, he was also severely wounded during the assaults at Seicheprey on April 21, 1918. True to his good name, Lt. Kelly fought off the Germans until he was weakened by wounds, and was captured. He revived and broke away from the five men holding him, and escaped to the end of the trench, the Germans in the meantime emptying their revolvers after him. He hiy in the trench all night under a barrage fire. When lie was found in the morning it was necessary to amputate his left leg. Sixteen pieces of shell were taken out of his riglit leg. The decoration ceremonies took place on May 5th, at an old French Chateau, used at the time for a hospital, near the Verdun front. The exercises were described at the time in a letter from Lt. Kelly to his father : "Yesterday was certainly a big day, and I suppose you already know from the newspaper reports that your son is the proud possessor of the Frencli war cross for valor on the field of battle. It was, indeed, quite a surprise to me to receive this honor, although I had heard rumors before that such was to happen. It was quite a ceremony. Three French gen- erals, the American general of my division, three United States colonels, five United States majors, and a very large number of captains and lieutenants made up the party conferring the honors. A French lieuten- ant and another man from my regiment, both of whom were here at the hospital, received the war cross also." Lt. Kelly enjoyed a good recovery from his wound, but of course uses an artificial limb. He not only served his 696 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS country during the war, but completed his legal studies at the same time, and entered into the practice with his father on his return to Ottawa. At the next election succeeding his return he was elected States Attorney of LaSalle County. Kaymond R. Kennedy, of DeKalb Council, was a private LT. HARRY F. KELLY, Starved Rock Council CAPT. HERMAN W. WEIMER, De Soto Council in Co. "H," 351st Inf., and entered the service in February, 1918, at Estherville, Iowa. He was transferred to Camp Dodge, and then to Camp Sevier, and went overseas on May 24th, 1918. On July 16, 1918, he was promoted to First Class Private. He was wounded on September 28, 1918, during the fighting on the Hindenburg line, and again on October 18, 1918, at Rubensville. He was decorated with the Croix de TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 697 Guerre with Palm, the D. S. C, Croix de Guerre with Star, and the Victoria Cross by the Prince of AVales. This distin- guished young- man is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Patrick E. Kennedy of DeKalb, and was born January 28, 1895. Three members of Feehan Council, of Chicago, were dec- orated for bravery. They were Edward J. Barry, whose death has been noted when treating of Gold Stars, and who received the D. S. C; Leo Hanley, also killed in action, and Serg.-Major Daniel J. Hartnett, Jr., who has survived to enjoy his distinction. Corp. John P. McHugh, of Chas. Carroll Council, attached to the Marines, received the D. S. M. Rev. R. J. Tarsky, of Leo XIII Council, serving as chaplain with the rank of lieutenant, was decorated for gallantry. James T. Russell, of Leo XIII Council, received the Croix de Guerre. Arthur C. Wolfe, of Streator Council, was cited in des- patches. Lieut. Joseph Murphy, of LaRabida Council, attached to the 107th Inf., received the D. S. C. and the Croix de Guerre. Corp. James J. Jedlicka, Jr., of Hughes Council, was cited in despatches. N. W. Cummings, of Brownson Council, attached to tlie Marines, was decorated by the French government. Young Cummings saw service in France for 24 months. He was wounded in the shoulder by shrapnel at Belleau Woods once and at Chateau-Thierry twice. James E. Mangan, of Brownson Council, received the D. S. M. J. Emmet Diver, of Brownson Council, was cited by the Commander of the 33rd Division, Major-General George Bell, Jr., as follows: "Srg. J. E. Diver, Co. D, 132nd Infantry. "The reports of your regimental commander and of the commanding general of the 66th IBrigade testify to your gallantry and splendid per- 698 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS formance of duty at Forges on September 26th, 1918. Your conduct on that occasion has afforded me genuine gratification, and I have accord- ingly directed that your name and action be inscribed on the Roll of Honor of the Prairie Division." E. Cairo Council has a long line of distinguished service men. F. Kuesner received the Military Cross., Wm. J. O'Kane JAMES T. RUSSELL, Leo XIII Council JOHN J. O'HALLORAN, Thomas Aquinas Council WALTER Mcdonough, Newman Council the D. S. C. and Albert H. Stout the D. S. C. Dr. Chas. L. Weber the Italian Medal for Military valor, and John J. Patton was cited in despatches. Stour died in the service as noted elsewhere. R. A. Capen, of Mattoon Council, received the D. S. M. TWENTIETH CENTURY PIEROISM 699 and the Croix de Guerre. He was a First Sergeant in Co. "A" 311th Machine Gun Battalion, 79th Div., was gassed and wounded in the battle of the Argonne, but recovered. Several members of Thomas Aquinas Council were praised for distinguished services. Capt. William J. Grace was cited for bravery at Bois de Chaume on October 8, 1918. Corp. Michael Noone, No. 1,039,082, Battery '*F" 10th Field Artillery, was cited for exceptional heroism near Greves Farm, France, July 15, 1918. Stationed in an exposed obser- vation post Corp. Noone continued his work as telephone operator in spite of heavy enemy fire until all communication was destroyed. He then voluntarily crossed a heavily shelled area with important messages. John J. O'Halloran, private, of Thomas Aijuinas Council, was cited for bravery. On the morning of October 15, 1918, the U. S. Naval Transport "America," loaded with supplies and cargo and practically ready for sea, sank at her dock in Hoboken, New Jersey, with the loss of four soldiers and two members of the ship 's engineering force. About two hundred soldiers were on board at the time. O'Halloran was aroused from sleep by the listing of the vessel, which threw him out of his bunk. Escaping to the lower deck he came upon a member of the crew who was caught by a steel girder. Tlie vessel was listing over 28 degrees at the time. With the assistance of a water tender whom O'Halloran called, he succeeded in releas- ing his shipmate. He was bruised about the legs and body, but managed to make his escape. The citation was by his commanding officer, Capt. C. E. Briggs, U. S. N. Serg.-Major Marcus G. McGrath, Serg. P. J. McGurk, P. J. Sheehan, Corp. M. J. Sheehan, and Lieut. J. P. Sarsfield, all of Thomas Aquinas Council, were also cited. Serg. Christopher H. Keane, of Hennepin Council, Chi- cago, saw service in the Prairie Division, attached to the Sani- tary Company of the old ''Dandy First." He gave a fine exhibition of heroism on a battle field where he was ga.ssed 700 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS and suffered the loss of one leg. For his gallantry he was decorated with the Military Cross by President Poincaire of France, the D. S. M., by General John J. Pershing, and a INIilitary Medal by King George of England. The Colonel of his regiment wrote his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Matthew W. Keane, of 4720 Monroe Street, Chicago, as follows: "He was a brave boy, and for liis gallantry at Hamel was decorated with the Military Medal. He is all right at the present time, except. that he was slightly wounded in an engagement we have just come out of, having been shot in the calf of the leg. * * * You have every reason to be proud of this boy, as he has shown the greatest bravery on every occasion where it has been necessary to show it in the line of duty, and T am gratified to know that his speedy recovery is assured, and that no serious vConsequences will follow. "With kindest personal regards, I am, "Sincerely yours, "(Signed) J. B. Sanborn, "Colonel, 131st Infantry." It is with regret that it must be stated that very serious consequences did ensue, since Serg. Keane lost a limb.^^ Thomas 'Kelly, of Hennepin Council, was decorated with the Croix de Ouerre and the D. S. C, and John J. Kenealy was cited in dispatches. Lieut. George S. Mackey of Commodore Barry Council, Chicago, was awarded the Italian War Cross for valorous services. Captain William D. Meyering, of Archbishop McHale Council, has a record for service almost as brilliant as any man who served in the late war. He was a member of the first officers' training camp at Fort Sheridan, having previously had experience at the Plattsburg Camp, and upon graduation received a lieutenant's commission. His marked ability was recognized from the start, and he was selected among the first five to go to France immediately for a study of modern war- fare. Early in September, 1917, he went to the western front, 15. Information furnished by parents. TWENTIETH CENTUEY HEROISM 701 where he soon was heard from in distinguished work. On April 6, 1918, he led a platoon of men in a surprise attack from a raiding company. By his leadership he kept the enemy from reaching a single American trench, but not without being seriously wounded. He lost his right liand as the result of this wound. On May 30th., General Pershing conferred upon LOUIS CECILIA, St. Francis Xavier Council MELVIN S. SCOTT, Thomas Aquinas Council him the D. S. C, the first presented to an American soldier, stating the reasons : Lieut. Meyering commanded a platoon of infantry which was attacked by the enemy on the morning of April 6, 1918. He took effective measures before and during the attack to defeat the enemy, and handled his men well under fire until he was severely wounded. Forced to attend to his wounds he refused assistance, and walked through the enemy's barrage to a dressing station. He objected to being taken to the rear until he knew the outcome of the attack. His brave example inspired his men to drive off the enemy, who did not 702 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS reach our trenches. Lieut. Meyering lost his right hand by- amputation as the result of the wound. "^"^ Lieut. E. J. Erhardt, also of Archbishop McHale Council, was decorated for bravery by King George. Captain Rev. Harris A. Darche, Chaplain of Americus C. F. O'DONNELL, Columbus Council THOMAS O'KELLT, Hennepin Council Council, received the D. S. C. and other decorations as out- lined in connection with the services of war chaplains. Leonard Stein, of DuQuoin Council, was cited by Brigade Commander for gallantry in action. First Lieut. Martin E. Walter, of Mt. Carmel Council, was awarded the Croix de Guerre. He was taken prisoner and 16^ Lieutenant Meyering was elected a member of the City Council of the city of Chicago in 1923. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 703 escaped; was retaken twice and each time escaped. He had the misfortune afterwards to die in camp. Edward J. Barrett, private, of Father Perez Council, Chi- cago, who was attached to the 131st, was wounded and gassed and received an individual citation from the division. MICHAEL SHEEHAN. Thomas Aquinas Council SERGT. WILLIAM MULLALY San Salvador Council PATRICK SHEEHAN. Thomas Aquinas Council Emmet M. Casey, of Washington Council, was decorated and met his death in the service as detailed elsewhere. Melvin S. Scott of Thomas Aquinas Council, enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, June 2, 1917, eml)arked for duty on foreign soil as a member of 84th Co. 6th Reg't U. S. M. Corps, on U. S. S. Von Steuben, October 24, 1917. He 704 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS participated in the following Sectors in actual battle : Touion Sector (Verdun) from March 15th to May 13th, 1918, Aisne defensive (Chateau-Thierry Sector), from May 31 to June 5, 1918. Chateau-Thierry Sector (Capture of Hill 142), Bour- reches, Belleau Wood, from June 6 to July 9, 1918; Aisne- Marne (Soissons) offensive, from July 18 to July 19, 1918. He was severely wounded in battle July 19, 1918, and transferred to Base Hospital No. 27 at Angers, France ; trans- ferred to casual company No. 203 at Blois, France, on Novem- ber 9, 1918, and as a member of this Unit performed duty at Brest, France, as Guard Unit until December 26, 1918. In- valided to United States on this date and arrived at Camp Quantico, Va,, on January 7, 1919 ; was selected as one of two- non-commissioned officers to act as Guard of Honor to Military Trophy Train in behalf of campaign for the sale of 5th Liberty Loan, in Fourth Federal Reserve District of Cleveland, Ohio. Was awarded Good Conduct Medal of the U. S. M. C, Croix de Guerre, with Palms, from the French Government, and mentioned in dispatches by Major Sibley, commanding 3rd Battalion, 6th Regt. U. S. M. C, for "unswerving loyalty, devotion during battle while in an injured condition, and in surrendering to men less greatly injured than himself his opportunity for transportation to the rear." Douglas Casey, and John Corrigan, of Washmgton Council, were cited for bravery and decorated. Serg. John V. Hogan, of Braidwood Council, received the D. S. C. Francis J. Simon, of Nazareth Council, was decorated as indicated in connection with Gold Stars. St. James Council, of Chicago, was especially honored through distinction conferred on a number of its members. Capt. A. F. McQuaid, who, as has been seen, gave his life, was decorated, as were also Lieut. James P. Flynn, Dr. George A. Griffin and Serg. Martin Quinn. Maurice J. Flynn, of Auburn Park Council, received the TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 705 D. S. C, and Thomas J, Redden, of the same council, was cited in despatches. Chaplain Rev. Wm. T. Kane, S. J., of University Council, has an enviable record as a chaplain, and received a Divisional Citation for conspicuous merit and meritorious conduct under fire in the Argonne. Among- other distinguished service men from University council may be mentioned Joseph G. Banner, Edward S. Hottinger, Herman Joos, John A. McCaughey, Frank J. Michaels, and James G. Powers. Corp. Hugh P. McHugh, of Pinta Council, received the D. S. C. Three members of Naperville Council, all from one family, that of Charles Babst, were in the service. Two of them re- ceived high honoi-s, and the third died in the service. All three of these brothers received their early education at SS. Peter & Paul Parochial School, Naperville, Illinois, the town of their birth. Captain (Chaplain) Julius J. Babst at- tended St. Francis Seminary, Wisconsin, and after ordina- tion celebrated his First Mass at SS. Peter & Paul Church in his home city, on April 27, 1915. Later he served a charge at Belleville, Illinois, but owing to poor health he went to Colo- rado, where he was chaplain of St. Clara's Orphanage in the city of Denver. Father Babst served as Army Chaplain in the trouble on the Mexican Border, and at the outbreak of the great world war received a commission as First Lieutenant, and left for overseas with the American Expeditionary Forces in Septem- ber, 1917. The daily papers from time to time carried stories of deeds of gallantry of this brave priest, who was in the front line trenches from the time of his arrival in France. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre and Palm by the French govern- ment for exceptional courage under fire and deeds of braver>' on the battle front, and many other distinctions, as will be seen in reading herein of the War Chaplains. 706 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS A brother of Chaplain Babst, Private August A. Babst, S. S. U. 577, Convois D'Auto, was awarded the French War Cross for gallant conduct under fire in transporting tlie dead and wounded as ambulance driver behind the lines. Yeoman Edward Babst, only a few weeks in the service of the country at Great Lakes, was taken ill with Spanish in- fluenza, which developed into pneumonia and to which he succumbed on September 21, 1917. Corporal John J. O'Keefe entered the service Oct. 3, 1917 and was discharged June 5, 1919. He served in Com- pany M, 131st Infantry, 33d Division. He received three citations and two decorations : Distinguished Service Cross, Croix de Guerre, Division Citation. The citations were as follows : 1st. Because of enemy fire extreme difficulty was experi enced in bringing up rations to the company. On August 17th Corporal John J. O'Keefe, fully cognizant of the situa- tion and disregarding personal danger, volunteered to carry rations to six machine gun outposts. In full view of the enemy and amid fire from machine guns and snipers, he succeeded in the mission, delivering them their first rations received in twenty-four hours. 2nd. Above the location of the first and third platoons an airplane was observed, no doubt, signaling to their artillery. The Germans opened an intense barrage. It was necessary even under these conditions to observe the enemy's move- ments. Corporal John J. O'Keefe with Private Philip J. Boeming and Edward Hartman volunteered for this exposed duty. 3d. Near Bois de Harville, Nov. 10, 1918, after all the offi- cers of two companies had become casualties First Sergeant John J. 'Keef e rallied the men who had become disorganized under heavy machine gun fire and led them forward toward the objective, displaying marked courage and leadership. Amongst 20th century heroes one is tempted to classify TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 707 all the sturdy young fellows who withstood the inclemenoies of Siberia. There were a great many members of the Order who served there, and the following letter from one of them cannot fail to interest readers of this volume: After having had six months' training at Camp Frccmont, California, I left on Labor Day, 1918, on the transport "Logan," which pulled out of San Francisco Bay. There were 2,000 men on board — and of this MICHAEL NOONE. Thomas Aquinas J. EMMET DIVER. Brownson Council WARNER J.VMES. Cairo Council number there must have been at least 150 Knights of Columbus from different parts of the country. I arrived at Vladivostok, Siberia, 27 days later. After a month's service with the Replacement Battalion, I was sent to the OflScers' Training School at Vladivostok. With me attending this school was William C. Sullivan, a Chicago Knight of Columbus. After the armistice was signed, the school was discontinued — and we went back to the infantry— I going to Co. "B," 31st Inf., and Sullivan going to Co. "H," 31st Inf. The American forces in Siberia consisted of two regiments, the 31st and 27th, together with a branch of engineers, and other smaller branches to make the outfit complete. A base was established at Vladivostok — which is the starting point of the Siberian Railroad. The American forces were distributed north along this railroad and 708 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the American engineers, together with the soldiers, kept the railroad guarded and in running order — for this was the only means of keeping supplies to the English army, which had established a base further north, where the portion of Russians who were to fight the Bolshevik army were being trained, fed, clothed and equipped. The Americans had no trouble iu Siberia until May, 1919, when the Bolshevik Russians started to attack them along points of the railroad. These attacks increased until it developed into regular guerrilla warfare — in which the whole 31st infantry took part. Many Americans were killed and wounded. This lasted until the time T left — September 14, 1919. We underwent hardships and tlie weather was cold, some companies being in portions of Siberia where the thermometer registered as low as 40 degrees below zero. We were exceptionally well clothed, and at all times were given the best of food. I left Siberia September 18, 1919, going from there to Japan, thence to the Philippine Islands, thence to Honolulu, and then to Sai> Francisco, landing October 18, 1919. I did not meet the Knights of Columbus welfare workers although I learned there was one who came over from San Francisco, and who made a very good impression with the men of the 27th infantry. I do not recall his name. There must have been at least 200 K. of C, in the Siberia expedition — from various parts of the country — and there must have been about 15 from Chicago. Outside of William C. Sullivan, the only two others I met were named — Conley and Nolan, both belonging to councils out on the West side. They lived in the locality of Madison and Crawford. Yours truly, Cornelius M. Butler, 1132 Addison St. The Illinois Knight of Columbus who was called to the highest responsibility during the war was Edward N. Hur- ley. Perhaps no man from Illinois possessed the confidence of the Commander-in-Chief of the United States' war forces, the President of the United States, in greater degree than did Mr. Hurley. The President believed and Mr. Hurley proved that he could get results and results were needed. The numerous decorations and honors conferred upon him demon- strate the esteem in which he was held for his achievements. TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 709 Edward Nash Hurley was born at Galesburo:, Illinois, July 31, 1864, sou of Jeremiah and Ellen Nash Hurley. He attended the public schools of his native town until he was fourteen when he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad, and, after holding various shop posi- tions, was locomotive engineer for four yeai^s. In 1888 he became traveling salesman for and later man- ager of the United States Metallic Packing Company of Philadelphia. His attention being attracted to a portable pneumatic tool, he associated himself with Plenry J. Kimman, the inventor of the first piston air drill. They developed the portable pneumatic hammer, and in 1896 Mr. Hurley organ- ized the Standard Pneumatic Tool Company of Chicago, one of the pioneer corporations of the pneumatic tool industry in the world. As he had no capital, they were forced to make the first tools in a barn in Lawndale, a suburb of Chicago. The tools wei-e a success, but with no capital for development, he was seriously handicapped, so that in 1899 he went to England and sold the English patent rights for $125,000. This money provided working capital for his American business which developed so rapidlj^ that in a few years he was able to sell liis holdings for a substantial sum and retire to liis estate al Wheaton, Illinois, where he engaged in farming and stock raising for five years. In 1906 he organized the Hurley Machine Company of Chicago, to manufacture electric floor scrapers for dressing hardwood floors. About the same time he became interested in electric home labor saving devices and developed and intro- duced the Thor electric washing machine, the Thor elec- tric ironing machine and the Thor electric vacuum cleaner, inventions that marked the introduction of electrical machin- ery for domestic use. They are manufactured by the Hurley Machine Company, which has three plants, one at Cicero, Illinois, one at De Kalb, Illinois, and one at Waukegan, Illi- 710 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS HON. EDWARD N. HURLEY, Chairman U. S. Shipping Board TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 711 nois, and employs more than 2,000 hands. Mr, Hurley was president of this company for ten years, resigning to become chairman of its board of director. His executive ability, his skill in organization and his achievements in the industrial field by this time had been widely recognized and in 1913 he was appointed United States Trade Commissioner to South America by President Wilson, to make a report on banking and credits in Argentine, Bra- zil, Chile, Peru, for the Department of Commerce. As such he visited several of the Latin American Republics at the head of a commission of business men and accomplished valu- able pioneer work in promoting trade relations between the United States and the southern continent. Upon his return he was appointed first vice-president of the Federal Trade Commission, March 16, 1916, later becoming its chairman. He exerted a strong influence over the policy and character of this new governmental body, winning the confidence of the public and inspiring the business world with a profound respect for his decisions. He resigned from the Commission in February, 1917. Three months later, after the United States entered the war, he was appointed a member of the Red Cross War Coun- cil, headed by Henry P. Davison, where he helped to formu- late the Red Cross War program and organize the first cam- paign for $100,000,000 for relief work. Then President Wilson shifted Mr. Hurley to the Exports Council, the predecessor of the War Trade Board, where he aided in establishing government control over the coun- try's foreign commerce so as to prevent American goods from reaching Germany. Then came his greatest opportunity for notable service to his country — his appointment as Chairman of the United States Shipping Board and President of the Emergency Fleet Corporation. At that time German submarines were sink- ing Allied tonnage at tlio rate of 500,000 tons a montli and 712 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the whole nation was watcliing with anxiety the progress of the shipping program, but disagreements as to policy and as to types of ships which should be built were delaying the work. Accordingly, President Wilson, on July 24, 1917, accepted the resignation of General George W. Goethals, General Manager of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and at the same time called for and received the resignation of William Denman, Chairman of the Shipping Board. The same day he appointed Mr. Hurley and Bear Admiral Wash- ington L. Capps, to take their places. In his new position Mr. Hurley confronted a situation fraught with the greatest difficulties. The United States had ceased to be a maritime nation, only ten per cent of its com- merce was carried in American bottoms and it had not more than 50,000 experienced ship-builders. It had sixty-one ship- yards with 235 launching ways, but these were overcrowded with work for the Navy. The available supply of labor was being rapidly diminished by the absorption of hundreds of thousands of men into the military and naval service and into war industries. All the while it was becoming more evident that America must produce ships in great numbers if the Allies were to win the war. But Hurley had a splendid record for the accomplishment of difficult tasks. On three impor- tant government positions he had demonstrated exceptional abilitv. When the President entrusted him, therefore, with this new and larger duty, he sprang to his task with character- istic energy and determination, confident of the country's ability to produce the needed tonnage. The problem had many phases. Greater economy must be effected in the use of existing American tonnage ; every allied and neutral source must be tapped for additional vessels; the seized German and Austrian craft, 109 in number, put into condition for service and a construction program mapped out for the Emergency Fleet Corporation. For the latter task efficient managers had to be found, sites for shipyards located, TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 713 contracts awarded, an army of workmen recruited, livinjr quarters obtained for many of them, and machinery and other materials procured, ilr. Hurley's genius for organiza- tion was greatly needed, and it operated with excellent ef- fect. Inaugurating a systematic recruiting campaign, he soon had thousands of men from every walk of life pouring into the shipyards, which sprang up like magic along the whole Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific seaboards. Many navigation and engineering schools were established to train men to man the ships. From the Great Lakes a fleet of twenty-one vessels which had been used in lake commerce were sent to the Atlan- tic for use in overseas trade. Some of them had to be cut in two to pass the canal locks. On August 3, 1917, .seven days after he was appointed chairman of the Shipping Board, Mr. Hurley issued an order to commandeer all hulls, contracts and ship material in American shipyards intended for the building of vessels of 2,500-ton deadweight or more. The order ap- plied to foreign as well as domestic contracts, aggregating over 3,000,000 tons, of which 1,000,000 tons had been ordered by the British, and the balance by Norway, France, Italy and the United States. October 15, 1917, the Shipping Board requisitioned 393 American vessels which were afloat. Re- pairs on the seized German and Austrian .ships which their crews had damaged in the hope of making them useless, pro- ceeded with such speed that by the end of 1917 all were again in the transport service. Mr. Hurley also chartered twenty-three vessels from Japan, and purchased fifteen others which were ready for .service. He entered into direct contract with the shipyards of Japan to construct thirty additional steel vessels. He placed ordei-s with the Chinese Government for four 10,000- ton steel ships with an option to purchase eight more; and later on the government seized forty-three Dutch sliips lying idle in American ports becaiiso their ownei-s liad refused to 714 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS permit the United States to use them on the ground that to do so would violate Dutch neutrality. . By such steps as these, as well as by the building of new vessels, Mr. Hurley assembled the greatest merchant fleet America ever had and the second in size in the world. By the summer of 1918 he predicted an American merchant marine of 25,000,000 tons by 1920, if the war lasted so long, a statement greatly emphasized by the launching of ninety- six ships in a single day, July 4, 1918, a feat unparalleled in the world's history. Five days after the armistice was signed he went to Eu- rope to study ocean transportation conditions abroad and to formulate plans for the use of idle German tonnage in Ger- man ports to bring American troops home and to carry food- stuffs to Germany. With Marshal Foch, generalissimo of the allied armies, he went to Treves, Germany, where the shipping agreement was perfected with the German delegates. He was chairman of the first civilian delegation to enter Germany after the war, representing the allied and associated governments. He remained in Paris until February, 1919, serving as a member of the supreme Economic Council and of the International Labor Commission. In these positions his knowledge of shipping and labor conditions in the United States were of the greatest usefulness to the American Peace commission. He returned to the United States February 12, 1919, and began the curtailment of the great shipbuilding program, can- celing many contracts involving thousands of tons of ship- ping. "Within a few weeks he mapped out a comprehensive scheme for a permanent American merchant marine, with sixty-five regular trade routes to every part of the world, a scheme which later was put into operation. He resigned as Chairman of the Shipping Board, July 29, 1919, with a re- markable record of achievement in public service. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, with the TWENTIETH CENTURY HEROISM 715 following citation: "With tireless energy he surmounted ex- treme difficulties and increased trans-Atlantic tonnage to an extent that allowed steady shipment both of troops and neces- sary supplies. Unselfish in devotion to duty, sound in judg- ment, quick to act, he rendered a service to the world." The French Republic made him a Commander of the Legion of Honor ; the President of China conferred upon him the order of Ta Sho Cha Ho, and tlie decoration of Grand Officer of the Crown was conferred upon him by His Majesty the King of Italy. Also, as a member of the War Council of the American Red Cross, he received a special gold medal in commemoration of the patriotic work of the War Council. The University of Notre Dame conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1918 and he received the degree of Doctor of Civil Law from Knox College in 1920. Mr. Hurley is the author of "Awakening of Business" (1916) ; "Trade Associations and Better Business Methods" (1916) ; "Banking and Credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru" (1914); and "The New Merchant Marine" (1920). He was married September 30, 1891, to Julia Keeley of Chicago. His wife died in 1900, leaving two sons, Edward N. Hurley, Junior, and Raymond J. Hurley, both of whom were in the arm}' during the war. He was again married July 24, 1905, to Florence Agnes, daughter of John H. Amberg of Chicago, and they have two children, Helen INIary and John Richard Hurley. He is one of the earliest members of Chi- cago Council, Knights of Columbus. CHAPTER XVI WAR WORK ''In the olden days" is an oft repeated expression. One hears remarks touching upon the sentiment of older, earlier times in connection with every sort of organization — religious, political, fraternal or otherwise. The drift of such remarks is toward the expression of the belief that things were different in the olden days. Upon reflection it may be doubted if any great change, in so far as the thoughts of men and women are concerned, has taken place through the centuries. True, collective action has brought about many improvements that have made life easier and pleasanter, but the human make-up remains very much the same. Accordingly, when men talk of the ''early days" or of "the traditions of the Order," one may doubt whether they discriminate clearly. Take, for example, the items of the relationship between members and of the Order to the Church and the public. Many old timers will be found who maintain that there was much greater fraternity and loyalty amongst the members of the Order in the early days. Some will exclaim with enthusiasm that "in those days there was real brotherly love, and members would help one another, stand by one another through thick and thin." An analysis might prove that these conditions were no more true in the early days than at the present time, but now as in the past it is and was plain that the central utility of the Order was not fraternity, good fellowship, brotherly love, standing by one another through thick and thin, but something much more valuable and much more unselfish, namely, service. To help in the 716 WAR WORK 717 advancement of every good work of Church and state, to de- fend religion, to promote education, to relieve distress, to console the infirm and the aged, to follow the defenders of the flag into the camps, cantonments, and even the battle fields, to find homes for orphans and employment for the idle ; these are not the mere vaporings of perfei'vid proponents of fraternity, but the actual works in which the Order has en- gaged. These spell service, not fraternity, or any of the vague MAIN K. OF C. BUILDING AT CAMP GRANT phrases that fall so fluently from the lips of mere enthusiasts. Enlistment in a cause like this, co-operation in works of such nobility, must perforce generate fraternity amongst co- workers, must create love and admiration for brothers in the cause, and must impel sucii co-workers to stand firmly by their brethren when they are in the right. But these con- ditions are not new, nor are they peculiarly old. They existed from the very foundation of the Order, and have been the 718 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS inspiration of the Order at all times. It may be possible that the efforts put forth during the great war have made them more clearly discernible, but such always have been the im- pelling force of the Order, and shall always remain so until it shall have abandoned the spirit and the purpose for which it was instituted. Keeping all this in mind it is easier to understand the great war work undertaken by the Order which is here outlined. While the sturdy young members of the Order were rally- ing to the call of their country and writing their names on the pages of perpetual glory, their fellow members were not idle ; indeed, the Knights of Columbus were almost the fii-st to proffer their services to the government. A state of war was declared on April 6, 1917. On April 14th, eight days there- after, the Supreme Board of Directors of the Knights of Columbus adopted the following resolution : "The Supreme Board of Directors of the Knights of Columbus, at a meeting held this 14th day of April, 1917, in the city of Washington, realizing that the crisis confronting our country calls for the active co-operation and patriotic zeal of every true citizen, hereby reafiirms the patriotic devotion of its 400,000 members of this Order in this coun- try to our republic and its laws, and pledges their continued and uncon- ditional support of the President and the Congress of this Nation in their determination to protect its honor and its ideals of humanity and right. "1 During the same session a resolution was adopted by the Board to encourage enlistment as follows : "Be It Besohed, etc., that until further action of this Board the disability of soldiers and sailors as extrahazardous risks (in the insured class), be removed as regards all present insured members of the Order who may now or hereafter bear arms on behalf of the United States during the present war. "- In this manner the Supreme Council had embarked in the work of raising the arm3^ The next important step was to 1 . Records Supreme Council. 2. lb. WAR WORK 719 assist iu promoting the welfare of those who were to serve in the army. "The moot question of just what action should be taken by the Catholic body in the matter of religious and physical wel- fare work for thousands of men in the service reached a point where an answer could not be denied. The Knights of Colum- bus in their successful work at the Mexican border had met the expense out of their own funds as a corporate body. To them the question of financing any work they might under- take was necessarily serious. The general fund of the Order, the fund that had supported the Mexican work, could not, it was felt, be equal to the more ambitious task. But precious time was flying and nothing had been done by the Catholics to help their co-religionists in the service. Action was most imperative if the faith and morals and need of spiritual con- solation and support of these men, so important a part of the Nation's fighting forces, were to be assured. So the aspira- tions of American Catholics were translated into action when at the Board of Directors' meetings in Detroit on June 24th and 25th, a resolution was passed, unanimously ratifying an appeal made by the Supreme Officers of the Order shortly before for a million dollar fund, to be known as the 'Knights of Columbus War Camp Fund,' and to be expended for relig- ious and recreational work for all men in the service."' In accordance with these resolutions the co-operation of the Knights of Columbus in all welfare work was tendered the government, and accepted in a warm communication by the Chairman of the Commission on Training Camp Activities, reading as follows : "Washington, D. C, June 21, 1917. "Mr. James A. Flaherty, "Supreme Knight, Knights of Columbus, "New Haven, Connecticut. "My dear Mr. Flaherty: "At the meeting of the Commission on Training Camp Activities. held June 19th, it was unanimously voted to recommend to the Secretary of " W. Egan-Kennedy. Knights of Golumhtis in Pcaci nnd War. Vol I. p 21 S 720 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS War the acceptance of the generous proposition of the Knights of Columbus of June 13th, in regard to the erection of buildings for social purposes in the army training camps in the United States. Secretary Baker yesterday indicated his agreement with our resolution, and I understand that word has already been sent to the officials of your organ- ization. May I take this opportunity to express for the Commission on Training Camp Activities our appreciation of this offer by your organ- ization? Many of the training camps will contain from forty to sixty thousand men; indeed, they will be sizable cities in themselves, and the need for social and relaxational facilities is giong to tax the effort of all those of us who are interested in providing a sane, well-rounded life for the men in the camps. May I say, too, that we welcome the strong position which your organization has always taken in regard to the moral hazards surrounding a young man's life, and I am confident that your influence in the camps will add much to their general tone. We shall be very glad to co-operate with you in every way possible, and we sincere- ly trust that success will follow your efforts to raise the money neces- sary to prosecute your work. ' ' Very sincerely yours, ' ' Eaymond B. Fosdick, Chairman. ' '* Thus was inaugurated the great war welfare work of the Order. As fast as the government mobilization camps were located in this country the Knights of Columbus began and completed buildings in such camps, until a total of 461 build- ings were erected and in addition 32 great tents were brought into service. There were also eleven buildings constructed at permanent army posts. As soon as leave could be obtained to do so the Knights of Columbus set out to follow the flag across the sea, and very, soon after the first soldiers landed in France they found Knights of Columbus there ready to serve them. The welfare work of the Order was carried on through central and dis- trict organizations, and executed by members appointed as commissioners and secretaries. The work in its general aspects has been well described in the press, and especially in the valu- able publication issued under the direction of the Supreme Council, entitled' " Knights of Columbus in Peace and War," 4. Supreme Council Archives. WAR WORK 721 by Maurice Francis Egan and John B. Kennedy. It is appro- priate here, therefore, to confine this chapter to war work in Illinois, and to such work as was conducted by Illinoisans. The work of the Knights of Columbus in Illinois during the war covered a diverse field. In every war activity either civil or military the Knights of Columbus played their part. IN AND AROUND CHICAGO Chicago may claim with a measure of justice the honor of being the starting point of the Knights of Columbus War Activities. It was at the Supreme Council of the order, held in Chicago at the Hotel LaSalle, August 7 and 8, 1917, four months after America came into the war, and two months after General Pershing and his forces first landed in France, that the initial assessment aggregating a million and a quarter dollai's for war purposes was ratified and an additional $2,000,000 voted to continue the work. Headquarters were opened in the Chicago Chapter and a publicity campaign was inagurated by William J. Clark, one of the editors of the Chicago Evening American, which publication donated Mr. Clark's entire time to the cause; Reverend Thomas Y. Shannon, editor of The New World, and George F. Mulligan headed a corps of speakers. Page adver- tisements were carried in all of the Chicago morning and after- noon newspapers, and The New World and other publications. The "Everybody Welcome" slogan was featured in all pub- licity, and the camp itself and its work for the men in train- ing were featured in the advertising. The designs used in this advertising were later adapted and used by other organizations. In ''keeping the home fires burning," the Chicago Knights did their part. A few of the activities credited to their service are: Placing the personnel and machinery of the Order at the service of the State Council of Defense at a memorable meeting at the Congress hotel. At this meeting John T. Lillis, William 722 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS N. Brown, William Cleary, George F. Mulligan and John E. Byrnes stated to Samuel Insull, chairman of the State Council of Defense, the work outlined by the Knights of Columbus and drew from Mr. Insull a glowing tribute to the loyalty of all Catholics. Other activities credited to the order include : The urging of enlistment in every Council of the Order, and the response of thousands of young Knights ; participation of thousands of Knights of Columbus in the Liberty Loan campaigns either as solicitors or speakers, the investment of the surplus funds of the Chicago chapter, of the Catholic Home Finding Association, and of the majority of the Councils in the loan, and the response by practically every Knight of Columbus to the request of Archbishop Mundelein that there be a Liberty bond in every Catholic home ; enlistment of the members in the Red Cross money and membership campaigns, speakers addressing every council, and the conversion of the Chicago Chapter into a Red Cross campaign headquarters. Michael J. Keigher, Past Grand Knight of Ravenswood Council and Michael F. Carroll, Past Grand Knight of Damen Council, both officials in the postal service, led in organizing the Knights of Columbus behind the War Savings Stamp and Thrift campaigns. Sales rooms were open at the Chicago chapter, and every council meeting was made the occasion of urging the purchase of stamps. Appeals were sent personally to every member of the order in the state to become a savings stamp booster. Early in September, 1918, the great war show, was con- ducted in Grant Park. It was preceded and opened by a mammoth patriotic pageant on Labor day. One of the most attractive floats in that pageant was a miniature "Everybody Welcome" K. of C. hut on a truck, with soldiers, sailors and K. of C. secretaries giving it a realistic appearance. The Chi- cago newspapers gave this float the distinction of carrying a cut of it. At the war show the Knights also had a miniature WAR WORK 723 cantonment hut, but what attracted most attention was the reproduction of a typical overseas line dugout. This was reproduced from a description, and consisted of a cave in a hill-side, front and doors made from driftwood and the hinges of harness leather. About that time the real sorrow of war was coming home to the people of Chicago. The October drive in the St. Mihiel and the Argonne was sending home column after column of names of Chicago men dead, wounded and missing. All war activities were heavily burdened with calls for news of missing ones. This was furnished so far as it could be, the staff of secretaries abroad having been instructed to cooperate with the Chicago offices as promptly as the exigiencies of the time would permit. Early in the war, at the suggestion of Bishop Muldoon. President John T. Lillis of the Chicago chapter undertook the supplying of the camp huts with good literature. Rosaries and other Catholic articles were supplied. The first Mass was celebrated in the first "Everybody Welcome" hut at Camp Grant on Sunday, September 23. Under the immediate direction of Vice-President John E. Byrnes of the chapter a flood of books, magazines and other reading matter, records, etc., were sent not only to the Illinois camps, but to other camps, especially where Illinois troops were mobilized. This work was kept up as long as there was need. With the induction of the drafted men and the mobilization of the guard units and the enlistments of men in the navy and other branches of the service, the problem of liome work arose. Families left behind sometimes needed attention and the ques- tion of insurance, allotments and employment and in some instances the relief of temporary need due to the absence of the bread winners gave work for the older members of the order who remained behind. That this work would pile up as the time went on became apparent, and the first real steps for 724 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS organization in the home lines were undertaken in all Councils throughout the state. At first these were independent and experimental, no one knowing just what needs would arise. But later in the war these activities were correlated, stand- ardized and made very eifective, under direction of Donald Callahan, aided by Secretary Edward J. McMahon and Assistant Secretary Henry Schmitt of the Chicago chapter. Hundreds of applicants were advised and helped with their allotment and other problems at the Chapter Welfare Bureau.^ Early efforts of the welfare committee of the Chicago Chapter were directed toward softening the rigors of families disrupted by the war. As rapidly as the young men were called to the colors their families were assured that the boy's welfare would be looked after by the Knights of Columbus, from the time he bade them goodby until his return, "In every instance the volunteer went off to take his place in the conflict with a heart made lighter by this assurance, and the further assurance that his loved ones at home would be looked after. '"^ The Chapter Committee was in constant touch with the Supreme Body, known as Knights of Columbus War Activities, which was being whipped into shape by the Directors of the Supreme Council, and as fact as camps appeared in and around Chicago the comfort of those in such camps was provided for, — writing paper, athletic equipment of all descriptions, ciga- rettes, tobacco and candy were supplied. Entertainments were staged weekly at each of the camps. In a short time there were in operation in different parts of the city and suburbs student training camps, as follows: St. Ignatius College, S. A. T. C. 900 students; Chicago Uni- versity, S. A. T. C. 1500 students ; South Division High School, S. A. T. C. 400 students -Armour Institute, S. A. T. C. .1,000 5. Chapter Records, 6." Columbian. Oct. 17, 1919. WAR WORK 725 students; Ciidahy residence, S. A. T. C. 600 students; North- western University, S. A, T. C. 1,500 students ; DePaul Univer- sity, S. A. T. C. 1,000 students; Lewis Institute, S. A. T. C. 1,500 students; Brennan Public School, S. A. T. C. 800 students; Municipal Pier 3,000 sailors; Training Ship Com- modore 600 sailors; McKinley Park 1,500 U. S. Guards; Hawthorne Race Track 300 U. S. Guards, making a total of practically 15,000 to which the welfare committee ministered. IN THE HOSPITAL— CAMP GRANT In addition to this there were established in the vicinity of 26th street and Karlov avenue a K. of C. recreational center fully equipped and remodeled for the comfort of the jVIotor Transport Corps, the members of which were obliged to stop for a short period en route acroas the country'. Approximately 500 men at a time were taken care of there. Shower baths were installed, reading and writing rooms, piano and pianola and various athletic equipment were at their disposal. For the accommodation of the sailors at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station and other service men in the city or passing through, the club houses of the various councils of 726 KNIGHTS OF COLOIBUS IN ILLINOIS the Knights of Colmnbus throughout the city threw open their doors day and night and entertained the young fellows with all the accommodations of the clubs. Here the service man might seek advice, write to his friends and meet, by appointment, other service men or any one on pleasure or proper business. At the instance of the welfare organization the young ladies in various parts of the city who,, in many instances, had brothers in the service, assisted in entertaining the service men. The fathers and mothei-s responded nobly, and through the assistance of the Knights of Columbus many a home in Chicago, that was made vacant by a son or brother being called to the service, was filled by a soldier or sailor sojourning here who was made to feel at home. On Sundays these soldiers and sailors could be seen in all parts of the city, going to the homes of these good people for a Sunday dinner and a pleasant day in general. House parties were arranged by the younger set, which proved great attractions to the boys. Dancing parties were also arranged by the young folks, and they relied upon the Knights of Columbus" judgment in providing soldiers and sailors to attend these parties. These parties were at all times chaperoned in a careful manner. During the holidays, such as Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's, the Knights of Columbus "War Activities office was besieged with requests from all parts of the city and suburbs for boys to join at •banquet tables. In most instances from two to five boys were taken care of in a family. A staff under the general direction of General Secretary •James J. O'^VIalley, comprising twelve assistant secretaries, was working day and night in providing creature comforts for the soldiers and sailors under their care. From the time the troops began to leave the various camps and cantonments for duty overseas, Chicago, the largest railroad center in the world, was called upon to perform a tremendous task in providing for the welfare of the traveling WAR WORK i'^i soldiers and sailors. Knights of Columbus were stationed at the various railroad stations, and vards. distributing creature comforts and ' ' God speed ' ' to the departing bovs, postal cards were supplied in abundance and "Casev" saw to the posta^. The headquarters of the Knights of Columbus War Activ- ities, established under the direction of State Deputy Edward Houlihan, who succeeded R^onal Director William J. Mori- arity of St. Louis, assisted by Supervisor Thomas F. O'Con- nell, was opened at 17 X. La Salle street. ''At all hours of the day and night you could see the olive-drab uniform with the insignia of the Order hastening to and fro in the performance of duty, in the person of the Knights of Columbus Secretary. At each place where the Knights established themselves their first duty was to conserve the morale of the men they were assigned to. The Knights of Columbus were most fortu- nate in having camps at St. Ignatius College and De Paul University. At St. Ignatius College the Rev. George Shanley. S. J., took a keen interest in the boys' camp which comprised the boys of all religious affiliations. At De Paul University the watchful eye of the Rev. F. X. McCabe. C. M.. was always on the alert for the boys whom he considered his particular charge. These good priests spared no expense in providing for the comfort of the boys, and their c-ooperation with the Knights of Columbus War Activities Organization was timely and most valuable. During the influenza epidemic in almost every hospital in Chicago there was one or more soldier patients. In a great many instances the Knights of Columbus were apprised of these facts and the needs of the patient were immediately attended. When about January 1, 191S. it was learned that the U. S. Government was about to take over a building in the course of construction, located at 47th street and Drexel boulevard. Supervisor Thomas F. O'Connell, and General Secretary James J. Oltf alley, proceeded immediately to this point and offered 728 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS their services to Col. F. L. Darbj' in charge. The plan outlined by the Knights of Columbus was welcomed by the colonel, who said "You good gentlemen embarrass me with your most gen- erous offer." As the building was not large enough to house others besides the patients themselves, it was impossible for the Knights of Columbus to establish themselves in it. Through the kind cooperation of Rev. William Foley, Pastor of St. Ambrose Church the building of St. Ambrose school, located one block east of the hospital was proffered. In this building was provided two bowling alleys, a hand ball court, two pool tables, athletic equipment of all kinds, reading and writing rooms, pianola and graphonola, with an abundance of records, a M^ell stocked library, cigarettes, tobacco and candy. Over- seas Secretary, George Mahoney, of Calumet, Michigan, arrived in Chicago at that time and was assigned with Secre- taries "Bud" Quinn and John Zimmerman, both of Chicago, to look after the welfare of the boys in the hospital. At the K. Q\ headquarters entertainments were arranged weekly, consisting of vaudeville and athletic numbers. A moving picture machine was installed, and frequently after performances coffee and sandwiches were served. The people of the parish cooperated in every manner possible. A young ladies club was organized under the supervision of the Knights of Columbus, known as the Dorthean Club. Semi-weekly dances were arranged, where the service men, who were able, participated. None but men in uniform were permitted and no ladies except members of the Dorthean Club. A great militarj^ ball was arranged while the service men were still at the hospital, which was said to be one of the most brilliant events ever held on the South Side. When the government turned over this hospital to the United States Public Health Service, all the agencies, with the exception of the Knights of Columbus, ceased to be active. The Knights of Columbus continued their service there as long as it was required. WAR WORK 729 As sick and disabled service men arrived in Chicago in large numbers the government took over the Marine Hospital located on Clarendon avenue, on the north side. The Knights of Columbus M^ere there for the opening. As at the hospital at 47th street, on account of crowded facilities, they vs^ere unable to establish themselves in or around this institution, daily visits were made from central headquarters. In this hospital there were approximately 300 patients from overseas and about 100 government employes. All shared the good things that the Knights of Columbus supplied. Various features of entertainment were conducted. One of the most interesting of which perhaps to the service men was a wrestling exhibition at the Coliseum between Sbysco and Lewis. Three hundred reserved seats were proffered to the Knights of Columbus for the boys through the courtesy of Mr. Joseph M. Coffey. The service men who attended this performance were supplied with pop, ice cream cones, peanuts, cigarettes and sandwiches. Special cars were chartered to take the boys to and from the Coliseum. Through the courtesy of the firms of Armour, Swift and Nelson Morris arrangements were made to take 150 of the service men for a trip through the Stock Yards. The Knights of Columbus provided automobiles for the wounded boys, and they were met at the entrance by a mounted escort of cow boys preceded by the girls' band. Work was suspended and the reception given by the employes to the sick and wounded heroes was tremendous. A staff of six K. of C. secretaries was assigned to look after the safety of the soldiers, as in most cases they were obliged to use crutches. After going through the various departments the packers arranged for a very tasty luncheon, at which the girls of the plant acted the part of hostesses. A short time afterwards Wilson & Company extended an invitation to the wounded boys, through the Knights of Colum- bus, to visit their plant. Arrangements were immediately 730 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS made for the patients who were unable to attend the previous trip, and a party of one hundred was conveyed from the hospitals at Great Lakes and Fort Sheridan by special cars to and from the Stock Yards. The management of Wilson & Company, after the boys had seen the plants, also arranged a lunch, and the ladies eemlpoyed acted as hostesses. On each of these trips the Knights of Columbus distributed candy, cigarettes and cigars in abundance. On numerous occasions other agencies engaged in war work invited the Knights of Columbus, through the agency of war camp community service, to share part of the expense in enter- taining the boys from Fort Sheridan and the Great Lakes at various amusements in the city, such as baseball games, theater parties and motor trips. These invitations were always eagerly accepted. During the summer months the central headquarters planned and carried out successfully motor trips for the boys at Fort Sheridan, through the parks and points of interest in Chicago. Perhaps the most memorable of these trips was a visit to St. Mary's Training School at Desplaines. Automobiles carrying 150 patients arrived at the gates of this great institu- tion and were welcomed by the Superintendent, Rev. M. J. Doran, and the Sisters of Mercy with their little charges. A very pleasant day was spent, and the Sisters prepared and served a most appetizing dinner. While the soldiers were din- ing the little girls entertained with songs and dances. After lunch the boys of the institution donned their uniforms and put on a very inspiring spectacle in the way of a pageant play. Another feature of the welfare work was referred to as educational tours. From forty to fifty service men would be brought into Chicago by special car to a plant engaged in business that the men were contemplating taking up upon their discharge. Automobile plants, jewelry houses, power stations, railroad shops and other manufacturing plants were visited. WAR WORK 731 One of the greatest events arranged for the service men was a trip to the Barnum & Bailey & Ringling Brothers Com- bined Circus, which appeared in Chicago, at Grant Park, for one week during the month of July, 1918. Arrangements were made by the Knights of Columbus Committee for the purchase of 300 seats. One thousand was asked for, but on account of the short stay of the circus only three hundred could be secured. A special train of five coaches conveyed the boys from the Fort. It was very hard for the Knights to determine who should go to the circus. With the assistance of Colonel Bispham and the staff of nurses the most worthy cases were chosen. Promptly at one p. m., the wounded boys and nurses were escorted by a staff of K. C. Secretaries from the trains to the circus grounds. When the boys filed into the section reserved for them they were greeted with cheers from the audience, which comprised about 8,000 people. The day was started by "Casey" in the form of a cigarette barrage. Every boy had a pack of smokes. Following this crackerjack was passed out, and as the day was very hot pop in abundance was distributed among the boys at frequent intervals, A sur- prise was given the fifty nurses in attendance also when a box of bonbons was handed each. After the performance the sol- diers and nurses were escorted to one of the largest loop restaurants, where they were served a most appetizing supper. At the various railroad stations and yards approximately two million men arrived in Chicago to and from the battle- fields of Europe. There were very few instances where the Knights of Columbus were not there to greet them. A special detail was assigned to the trains which carried men who were helpless, maimed and unable to do anything for themselves. At the railroad depots also were assigned men to look after the soldier traveling alone, generally on his way home from the front. When he arrived at the depot he was guarded against unscrupulous persons. He was advised about the city, and told where to obtain food and lodging at the most reasonable 732 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS prices. The co-operatiou of the Chicago Police Department with the Knights of Columbus was most effective. Frequently the Knights of Columbus were called upon by the Central Department of the United States Army with other welfare organizations, to confer with Major-General Leonard A. Wood, devising plans for the best interest of the soldier and the City of Chicago as well. It is to be remembered that the Knights of Columbus War Activities in looking after the soldiers' welfare did not con- WOUNDED PROM BATTLE AT CHATEAU THIERRY fine themselves to Knights of Columbus or Catholics or even to Chicago alone. Every service man was their ward. Through the co-operation of councils from different parts of the state supplies were shipped by the Knights of Columbus, consisting of cigarettes, matches, match safes, candy and numerous other articles to the committee in charge of the home-coming cele- brations held in the various cities and towns of the state. After the signing of the armistice a considerable part of the welfare work consisted in preparing proper affidavits to secure the discharge of men who were needed at home. With WAR WORK 733 many of the meu retuniiiig a large volume of work developed in assisting them to get their war risk insurance converted to the new government insurance for discharged soldiers, sailors and marines. This work was carried on by the regular representatives without charge. No revenue was derived from the men served, not as much as a notary's fee was exacted, and in all cases where proffer of fees was made they were refused. To meet the additional expense of carrying on this work the funds raised by the sale of tickets at the Fire Works Dis- play at the Sox and Cubs parks on July 4, 1918, were used. After December 1, 1918, however, the expense was borne by the Chapter treasury.'^ WELFARE WORK IN THE ILLINOIS CAMPS AND FIELDS The government established several centers in Illinois, and in keeping with its determination to help the service men the Knights of Columbus entered all the camps and canton- ments. The principal centers in Illinois were Camp Grant, located near the City of Roekford, the Great Lakes Training Station on Lake Michigan, north of Chicago, the Reserve Of- ficers' Training Camp at Fort Sheridan, and the Chanute Flying Field at Rantoul. An account of the work in each of those training camps taken largely from data furnished by members who were actually on the ground, will prove inter- esting. Fort Sheridan, lying a short distance north of Chicago, has been an army post for more than thirty years, and was therefore in readiness to be used in connection with the great war preparations. It was at this point that the various of- ficers' training camps were established. The general hospital was established there also. During the war period the 40th Infantry, the 312th Cavalry and Hospital Units trained there also. 7. Columbian, Oct. 17, 1919, p. 1, et «c«. 734 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The Knights of Columbus early entered the welfare work at Fort Sheridan. Prior to the regular administration by the Welfare Department of the Supreme Council a library and reading room was established and placed at the disposal of the men in the officers' camp by the Catholics of surround- ing communities. On May 29, 1918, the Knights of Columbus Department of War Activities appointed Maurice Sheehy, Jr., of Dubuque, Iowa, General Secretary, to inaugurate the regular welfare service. With the valuable assistance of the Chaplin, Captain F'rancis Ranier, of the 40th Infantry, a large room, centrally located and thoroughly equipped, was ready for the use of the 3,000 men in the post, while through the courtesy of Mr. Dan- iel McCann and the Knights of Columbus of Newman Council, Evanston, a large tent was procured and opened for the students in the R. 0. T. C, and S. A. T. C, camps numbering 3,500. Later in the same month M. J. Sheehy, Sr., arrived to take up secretarial duties, and in July J. J. Volz of Indianapolis, was also assigned to the force. The Chicago Chapter Knights of Columbus took an active part in the work at Fort Sheridan, volunteering from its own war fmid one big entertainment weekly. The tal- ent furnished for these entertainments consisted mainly ot the stars appearing in Chicago theaters at the time, sup- plemented by performers from the various booking agencies in the city. The post gymnasium, with a seating capacity of 3,000, was generously offered to the Knights of Columbus for use as a recreational center. A large recreational room in the hos- pital served as a theater and the Knights of Columbus were given access thereto. In this period the Knights of Columbus was the only agency of the war camp community service at the fort. Full attention was given by the Knights of Columbus secretaries to athletics, and acting in unison with Charlie WAR WORK 735 White, Athletic Director, some of the great atliletic stars were brought to the fort. The Knights of Columbus, with the approval of the Church authorities, established a chaplaincy at the fort, which waij first in charge of Rev. Joseph Berg of St. Francis Seminary. Father Berg was later succeeded by Rev. Charles Schuetz, S. J., of Loyola University, who won the plaudits of Protes- tants and Catholics alike for his heroic service during the scourge of influenza. In August a Knights of Columbus building was erected for the use of the service men, and dedicated with elaborate cere- monies. In the same month General Secretary Sheehy resumed his studies for the priesthood at the St. Paul Seminary, and his father succeeded him as general secretary. At the same time Edward Connellj^ of Toledo, Ohio, was transferred from Camp Grant to Fort Sheridan, and Secretary Volz sent to Camp Grant. William Houlihan of Crawfordsville, Indiana, served at the post during the influenza epidemic, until his health compelled him to relinquish. The fort was later changed from an army post to a gen- eral hospital and necessitated further extension of the Knights of Columbus service. The first overseas troops, sick or dis- abled, arrived in November, 1918, and with them the recon- struction work began, and all through the war period and after, the work was kept up and extended to meet every need. Besides the regular work in the hospital and about the fort parties of the convalescing were conducted to Chicago, and afforded an opportunity to see at first hand the different kinds of industrial work being taught in the classes formed at the fort. Automobile shows, Stock Yards exhibitions and manufacturing plants were visited by the aid of the Knights of Columbus. During the winter months several new secretaries were as- signed to the hospital, amongst them Frank Coleman, John 736 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 'Connell, John Bowers, J. M. McGregor and Paul Mullen of Chicago, and Emil Newton of Nauvoo, Illinois, and J. J. Boll of Madison, Wis. On June 10, 1919, Mr. Hugh J. Daly, for eighteen months general secretary at Camp Logan, was placeji in charge of the activities at Fort Sheridan, succeeding M. J. Sheehy, Sr. The number of wounded in the summer of 1919, reached a total of 4,000, and several new secretaries were appointed, amongst them James Murray, who had made an excellent reputation for his work with the 33rd Division overseas. Charles McCarthy, who had served in Camp Grant, George Schuster, just discharged from the 33rd Division Ar- tillery, Harry Kelly, formerly with the 7tli and otli Divisions overseas, Travis Bradley and Walter Hackett, all of Chicago, and E. F. Boyle of Montana. All of these secretaries are gratefully remembered by the patients at the hospital, but the part played by Bradley and Hackett, that is, in the line of entertainment, did much to lighten the hours of the patients, Bradley with his wooden man (ventriloquist) and Hackett with his rich Irish stories were surrounded day and night by eager listeners. Creature comforts were served by the Knights of Columbus much as in other camps. 5,000 packages of cigarettes were distributed weekly. Matches, chewing gum, smoking and chewing tobacco, tooth brushes, tooth paste, handkerchiefs, toilet and shaving soap, razors and razor blades, and assort- ments of candy were given out freely. Cards, checkers and every game imaginable were placed in the hospital wards for the amusement of the patients. Every incoming train bear- ing soldiers was met regardless of the hour or weather condi- tions. Stamps, and postal cards were given the men to an- nounce their arrival to their friends. Special attention was given to shell shock patients, and the work in this department was under the supervision of Secretary John Bowers, who served overseas in the Hospital Corps of the 33rd Division. WAR WORK 737 The religious work at the fort diiriug the suinnier of l!)l!i and continuing until long after the war was in charge of Sr. Chaplain George T. McCarthy and Chaplain M. J. Ileeney. Chaplain McCarthy, as noted elsewhere, was twice wounded in France, and during his service at Fort Sheridan won the admiration of all who knew him for his untiring efforts in be- half of the service men. Amongst other activities Chaplain McCarthy organized the Joan of Arc Battalion, an association of Catholic ladies, for special work at the hospital. Weekly dances, receptions and lunches were given at the K. of C. building, with the assistance of these ladies. Every Sunday the ladies of the Battalion served breakfast to the communi- cants and many others who desired to partake of the good things offered. Food was supplied by the Knights of Colum- bus while the ladies did the serving. More than 500 were served every Sunday morning. The work became so popular that a former soldier in ap- preciation of the attention given him by the Knights of Columbus and the Joan of Arc Battalion presented the hos- pital with a beautiful statue of St. Joan of Arc, which was unveiled with an impressive ceremony September 21, 1919. The sermon on the occasion was preached by Chaplain Mc- Carthy, and was said to be the most eloquent ever heard at the fort. Rev. M. J. Heeney was the regular Knights of Columbus Chaplain at the post, and his work in administering to the sick and wounded was most inspiring. Three Masses were said each Sunday in the Knights of Columbus building, in which the three chaplains, Fathers McCarthy, Heeney and Msgr. Vartman rotated. AT THE GREAT LAKES NAVAL TRAINING STATION The Knights of Columbus welfare work was set in motion at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station in August, 1917, 738 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS immediately upon the arrival of Rev. William A. Murphy, who was sent there by Most Rev. George William Mundelein, Arch- bishop of Chicago. Father Murphy was followed immediately by Thomas F. O'Connell, Past Grand Knight of Charles Carroll Council, who was appointed General Secretary for the Knights of Columbus. The chaplain and secretary had no plan laid down for them, but struck into the work with good will. Secretary O'Connell was over military age, and had dependents, but he gave up a good position to enter the service. A building at Camp Perry, one of the several camps in the Great Station, was fitted up for headquarters, and was con- tinually used for that purpose so long as Secretary O'Connell remained at the Great Lakes. On November 1, 1918, Mr. O'Connell was made supervisor of all of the camps in Illi- nois at that time, and was succeeded at the Great Lakes by Secretary Frank P. Boehler, a member and Past Chancellor of Bishop Ketteler Council of Chicago, who had commenced service at the Great Lakes as a Secretary five months previ- ously. Secretary Boehler continued in the service until his health gave way, and was succeeded in February, 1919, by Edward A. Chanel of Toledo, Ohio, who had been serving at Camp Grant for a considerable time. For the care of the 40,000 or more " Jackies" in training at this great station eight Knights of Columbus buildings were erected, so situated as to best meet the needs of the men in training. These were located at Camp Perry, Camp Far- ragut. Camp Decatur, Camp Barry, Camp Lawrence, and in the 16th, 17th and 18th regiments of Camp Luce and in Camp Paul Jones. These buildings were all fully equipped accord- ing to the particular needs of the location or purpose, and the welfare work was much the same as that carried on at all the camps. The pei*sonnel of the Knights of Columbus secretaries who served at the Great Lakes Training Station is as follows: WAR WORK 739 GENERAL SECRETARIES Thomas F. O'Coimell Nov. 1, 1917 to Oct. 1, 1918 Frank P. Boehler Oct. 1, 1918 to Feb. 1, 1919 Edward A. Chanel Feb. 1, 1919 to the end of the work. SECRETARIES George Mahoney Calumet, Michigan Raymond F. Hartmann Chicago, Illinois Walter 'Rourke Chicago, Illinois Frank P. Boehler Chicago, Illinois Edward A. Chanel Toledo, Ohio John F. Crossin Springfield, Ohio Arthur A. Juergens Cincinnati, Ohio Lee Springmeier Cincinnati, Ohio William Leiser Chicago, Illinois Charles E. May Evanston, Illinois Ernest Beaulieu Chicago, Illinois Robert M. Neilan Indianapolis, Indiana Thos. F. O'Connell Chicago, Illinois Frank McMannimin Waukegan, Illinois Leo M. Thimmisch Dubuque, Iowa Christ E. Murphy Chicago, Illinois Harold Leaf Toledo, Ohio Wm. E. Powers Chicago, Illinois D. M. Healy Chicago, Illinois Ployd Nehill Midland, Michigan P. M. Sheehan Chicago, Illinois J. M. Lynch Chicago, Illinois J. M. Gannon Evanston, Illinois Raymond Gleason Chicago, Illinois J J. Burns Chicago, Ilhnois Edmund J. Ruhnke Chicago, Ilhnois William Grogan Roeder Evanston, Ilhnois James Callahan Cincinnati, Ohio Joe Altenbach Cincinnati, Ohio o I— I Eh < Eh CO O H < o i4 o t— I Eh istrilintin,i; Croature Com- forts on S.S. Artemis, May, 1919 etc., and in preparation for assignments. Mr. Daly asked to be assigned to the 33rd Division, and started with others for that headquarters. The journey brought them through Chateau Thierry, Challons on Marne and St. Menehauld. Some days were consumed in the search for the division, which was found in Troyon on the 13th. From there the secretaries went to Ambly, and in a wrecked building opened up head- quarters. They found there Col. John V. Clinnin, Major James McKinley, Capt. Charles Schott of the 129th Field Hospital, Sergt. Joseph Luken and Chaplain, Kev. Arthur L. Girard, WAR WORKERS 773 all of Chicago. They at once hung out the "Everybody Wel- come and Everything Free ' ' sign. Secretary Daly says : "We found plenty to do as the 33rd Division had been without K. of C. supplies, and we made every effort to make up for lost time. Harvey, Murray, Burke and O'Neill (other secretaries), made frequent trips to Toul for supijlies. One nice feature we had was a kitchen and we frequently made hot chocolate or supplied milk or coffee, and some- times soup from bouillon cubes." From the headquarters of the 33rd Daly traveled with his kitchen to the 131st and records that he there met Piiil Mc- Kenna, Jr., of Chicago. On another occasion Daly, accom- panied by 'Neill and Burke, went to Saulz, one of the latest towns leveled in the war, where they found the 129th infantry, and distributed supplies amongst them. In the days soon succeeding Daly and his associates made the towns of Tilly, Genecour and Villars. On December 8th, they started for Luxemburg. At the end of a month of activ- ity Dal}' found himself preparing for Christmas cheer. "Everyone with tlie 132nd field hospital and ambulance units got a i)resent of a bar of chocolate and a good cigar from Major McKinley and other officers of the outfit. The dinner was pork, peas and pota- toes with plenty of jam and other delicacies. The castle of the Duchess of Luxemburg is at Colmar-Berg, a short distance from Cruchten. ' On the 2nd of January,' says Daly, 'I took a load of supplies and went to Ettclbruch and found the 129th infantry, 33rd division located there in Sheiren, a small town a few miles away. This proved to be our last stand, as we stayed there until orders came to go home. » * * i secured an old school room through the kindness of Rev. Dr. Mueller, pastor, where K. of C. headquarters were set up. The room was cen- trally located, lighted with electricity, and T installed tables and benches. A victrola was supplied and an abundance of cigarettes, tobacco, pipes, candy and other articles useful to the men. A very nice feature I found to be the papers, the Chicago Tribune, New York Herald, London Daily News, and late magazines, and American Library Association books. These were eagerly sought and every effort was made to have a supply always on hand in the K. C. headquarters, gratis, of course.' " 774 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Daly was able, through the courtesy of Major Soutliweck and Captain Daly, a member of Archbishop McHale Council, to make a trip to Coblenz and bring back a quantity of sup- plies. He records a sad event in the death of Michael Libo- nati, a young Chicago lawyer, whose funeral, in charge of Chaplain Girard, he attended at Wolferdange, Luxemburg. ^^^^^^^^^^^H ^^^^^^^^^1 ^^^^^^^^f ^'R^ ^j^^^^^^^^H ^^h'^ ^ ^^^H Hnife^^^l JAMES DALY, University Council PETER J. JOHNSON Chicago Council Chaplain Rev. John J. O'Hearn of Chicago was also present. Daly concluded his service about the first of April and after some days spent in sight-seeing returned to the United States. Garrett S. Fleming was another Chicago man who had a somewhat varied experience as a secretary. On arriving in Paris he was assigned to the Knights of Columbus warehouse, and gives us some idea of the extent of the Knights of Colum- bus work through a description of this warehouse, which was one block square, three stories high, and was packed from ground to roof with everything a human being could desire. WAR WORKERS 775 ''We had 50 motor trucks taking supplies to the soldiei-s at the battle field, and all over France, wherever there was an American unit located." The destruction of Verdun is indi- cated by what Mr. Fleming says of his attempts to establish a headquarters there later. "We had to travel from end to end of that great citadel before we could find a ruin that would answer our purpose." They finally selected St. Mary's Catholic school, "four stories high, but with no roof and no windows, and very few floors, with shell holes in the walls 10 to 15 feet in diameter." A little of the horror of war is sketched in Fleming's brief letter. He says at the time that he was in Verdun the soldiers were getting short furloughs, and many of them came to visit the battle fields. "Certainly a ghastly sight, skulls, skeletons, helmets, legs and arms strewn all about." It became the duty and the pleasure of Fleming and his aids to take care of these visiting soldiers. "We had 400 cots, 1,000 blankets and 6 stoves. We served hot soup, bread, cakes, candy, coffee, cigarettes, tobacco of all brands, and numerous brands of chewing gum. We provided a comfortable bed, plenty of places to wash, shave and, if desired, to take a bath." In addition they had a field kitchen, serving from 6 a. m. to 10 p. m. Thus were the activities of the Order discharged in the far famed territory of Verdun. J. Parnell Egan was the sweet singer of the Knights of Columbus Secretarial forces abroad, but his work was by no means confined to singing. Upon his arrival in Paris in January, 1918, he was com- missioned to make a concert tour of the Knights of Columbus camps. Upon the conclusion of this tour Secretary Egan. conferred with Past Supreme Knight and Overseas Commis- sioner Edward L. Hearn relative to the Knights of Colum- bus work abroad, and acting upon Egan's report the service was reorganized, and Egan was appointed one of the seven directors of the reorganized service, and put in charge of Zone No. 5, with headquarters in Paris, and with 225 secre- 776 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ^ taries under his jurisdiction. Mr. Egan's appointment as Zone Director came in the form of a letter from Overseas Commissioner Edward L. Hearn, reading in part as follows : "March 12, 1919. "Mr. Parnell Egan, "16, Place de la Madeleine, Paris. ' ' Dear Mr. Egan : "In accordance with the new plan of organization, I take pleasure in appointing you Zone Director of Zone No. 5, effective today. At the present time the activities of the Knights of Columbus in Zone No. 5, as indicated by our records, are shown on the attached sheet. "In appointing you Zone Director of Zone No. 5, I feel assured tliat the Overseas Commissioners and the Committee on War Activities of the Knights of Columbus have great confidence in your ability to judiciously supervise all of the work in the territory which has been assigned to you for the best interests of the A. E. P., and the American people, for whom the Knights of Columbus are acting only as agents and trustees. You will please see that in your zone the policy of the Knights of Columbus is strictly adhered to." Naturally, with such an extensive jurisdiction Mr. Egan was an extremely busy man, but rendered most valuable serv- ice throughout his engagement. One of the outstanding incidents of Secretary Egan's I service in France was his singing at the special A. E. F. I service at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris on y]>^1919. On that occasion the Knights of Columbx N^ invited by the Abbe A. Dellage, Archippetre of the Notre Dame Cathedral, to take part in the services of veneration during the exposition of Sacred Relics. The Cathedral was ^sfilled to its seating capacity, and the services were such as no one who was present will ever forget. The Associated \ Press dispatches in commenting upon the solemn occasion said, amongst other things : , .. ^- "From the organ loft a beautiful tenor voice seemed to express in song the interior thoughts of the worshippers, 'O Saviour, Hear Me,' •Parnell Egan, a Knight of Columbus director and famous American i V 1X7 AT? "U7r»T?Tn?T?a g\J^^^^^ qn^j ^ WAR WORKERS tenor, never before sang so well. His voice conveyed the emotion and /> ^ to the inspiration of a scene which was entliralling. " LA^X^ \2^ IVhen Director Egau's duties in France were terminated the Commissioners, at the request of the Knights of Columbus f 9 / J. PARNELL EGAN, Overseas Supervising Secretary, DeSoto Council organization in England, sent him to London and Dublin, where he apeared successfully in several concerts, Francis J. McMahon, a Chicago lawyer, was assigned to the United States Ship Ohioan as a transport secretary. His 778 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS duties were to make the journey as pleasant as possible for homecoming boys, through the medium of entertainment and the distribution of creature comforts. Describing part of his work Mr, McMahon says, "When not otherwise engaged I would fill my musette bag with a little miscellaneous selec- tion of peanuts and chocolate bars, cigarettes, pipes, tobacco and matches and tour the ship from bow to stern, from galley to sick baj'', answering questions relative to mail, telegrams, wireless, landing day, port, etc. In this work I distributed great quantities of magazines, fruit, sweets, handkerchiefs, safety razors, athletic supplies, pencils, paper, home-coming cards, etc." M. J. Bruerton was assistant auditor at the Paris head- quarters of the Knights of Columbus and had charge of the depositing, withdrawing and exchanging of the many different monies that was necessary to use during the war. Mr. Bruen- ton, who is a man of sound judgment, says, "The thing that struck me most favorably in all our experience was the big and broad-minded way the secretaries went about their work. History will never be able to record the personal sacrifices some of the workers made while overseas, for the simple rea- son that only half of them were told. ' '- M. E. Casey, of Chicago, arrived in Paris about December 1, 1918, and was assigned to the transportion department. His duties consisted in ordering cars for the movement of sup- plies, huts, etc., for the various Knights of Columbus activi- ties in France, Belgium, Germany and Italy. Mr. Casey's work did not bring him in touch with the personnel either of the A. E. F., or of the welfare workers, but made him thoroughly acquainted with the tons of supplies distributed by the secretaries. This qualifies him to express a sound opinion : "As I view it," said Mr. Casey, "the real work done by the Knights of Columbus overseas and in the States never 2 Mr. Brewerton's words are but too true. Though repeatedly urged to note down their activities and permit the writer hereof to use extracts or references only a small number of the secretaries reported. Their work was known to others only in a fragmentary way. WAR WORKERS 779 will be revealed, due to the fact that publicity was the least of their aim. Their motto 'Everybody Welcome and Every- thing Free' was a slogan hard to compete with, and carried a message of cheer and comfort to the heart of every dough- boy it could reach ; and as their real object was to serve the CHARLES HAHN. K. of C. Secretary, CuUom, 111. LAWRENCE M. FITZ GERALD, K. of C. Secretary, Died in Service MICHAEL LIBONATI, Overseas Secretary, Died in Service soldier or assist him in any manner they could, they achieved the success due them. ' ' D. A. Henneberry, of Joliet, saw service abroad as a sec- retary. Landing in September, 1918, lio, like tlie other secre- tries, was drilled for a short time in liospital service and gas mask work. When prepared he was sent to the Argonne 780 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS region, where he and his associates secured an old shed that had been used by the Germans as a barracks, and there set up their headquarters. Henneberry adds to the numerous stories of the same kind that have been told of the inviolability of the Knights of Columbus property. Once when the Secretary was away from the headquarters for supplies the place was broken into, but not a thing was taken. It was found out afterwards that when the boys learned that it was the Knights of Columbus depot they would not molest anything. The difficulties of getting their supplies to the men are indicated by what Henneberry says : " Transportiition was so bad that it was impossible to get supplies without the utmost effort, and it was there I gained the name of cham- pion salvager of the A. E. F. The men needed sweets, tobacco and, what proved to be greatly appreciated, bouillon cubes. I used to catch trucks going back of the lines, and when I found a K. of C. club or depot stole, when I was refused the stuff, hiking out and catching other trucks going to the front, Avhere I could give the stuff to the men at their guns, often having to lay camouflaged during the day, not being able to go back with the supply wagon, and get out the next night." This kind of work for a man who was habitually engaged in the banking business was, to say the least, strenuous. "I went all throuh the Argonne area. It was the worst part of the campaign — wet, cold and always under shell lire. Excitement kept us up. Men were being killed on all sides. At night bomb planes kept us guessing as they continued dropping bombs all along the front and the explosions were terrific. ' ' Henneberry 's services did not cease with the signing of the armistice. On February 1, 1919, he opened up a large club at Andrenach on the Rhine, the divisional headquarters of the 3rd Division. Here entertainment was furnished daily. Every Sunday 10,000 doughnuts were distributed, in addition to the usual creature comforts. Getting his big club in good running order Henneberry proceeded all along the line open- ing up in all 25 clubs. Similar clubs were opened in Malmedy, WAR WORKERS 781 Gut-Zur-Nette, Overliitzingen, Burgbrohl, Wehr, Bell, Was- senach, Neider and Niedermendig, by means of which he estab- lished a record as a club founder. Besides the usual services and supplies Henneberry had 3,000 Chicago and New York papers every day at Andernach alone, and about 5,000 in the other clubs, including the rifle range. Influenced no doubt V|^|H ^^^^^^^^^H Hi^^^l^^r ^m^ ^^H ^H HH^ 1 m B'.^l '^^^^^^r ^^^v \ I^K^^I %m r 1 D. A. HENNEBERRY, Joliet Council FRANCIS J. McMAHON. San Salvador Council by his regular business Henneberry induced all of the service men he possibly could to save part of their pay, and sent sev- eral thousand dollars home for them. Henneberry received from non-Catholic service men a suggestion that is well worth considering. "Many non-Catholics," he says, "expressed the hope that when the service was over and all had returned to the United States there would be places in the nature of com- munity centers where they could meet and mingle with the Knights of Columbus as they did abroad." Henneberry had many interesting experiences, but none more unique than the Jewish welfare club, the firet of the kind opened by him in 782 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Germany. Scores of letters from officers of all ranks, chap- lains, privates and welfare workers attest the splendid work of Secretary Henneberry.'^ The first Knights of Colimibus war worker to die in France was Edmund H. Lennon of Joliet, Illinois. This pop- ular Knight of Columbus left Joliet to serve as an overseas field secretary on September 12, 1918, and had been in France but a few days when his death occurred following an opera- tion for appendicitis on October 21, 1918. The deceased was a member of a very prominent family in Joliet; was for a number of years paying teller of the Joliet Trust & Savings Bank. Patrick J. Fenton was one of the overseas secretaries with the 82nd division. He left Paris on September 8, 1918, and went straight to the Mihiel sector, where he opened a hut in an old mansion in a town called Doulard. Here they were under shell fire all the time, day and night. Later Fenton moved with the division to the Argonne .sector. There he and his associates kept their goods in an old barn, from whence they worked their way up to the trenches with supplies. "While engaged in this work Fenton 's associate, secretary Joe Crowe, of Bingham, New York, was struck by a shell, the wounds from which necessitated the amputation of his leg, and his retirement from the service. As a little incident of the hardships of the service Fenton remarks that while on the Argonne front his clothes and shoes were not removed for 22 days. Very few secretaries in the service saw more of tlie actual fighting than Secretary Fenton. Martin J. McQuaide, of Arlington, Illinois, entered the service as secretary during the month of April, 1919, and was assigned to transportation duty on the Edward D. Lucken- back. As has been noted, the supplies carried by transport secretaries consisted in safety razors, handkerchiefs, soap, pens and penc ils, writing paper, pipes, tobacco, cigarettes, maga- 3. Attention is dirertid to tho pictiircs illnstr.-itiii},'- St-crctary Honm- berry's work in Germany. WAR WORKERS 783 zines, story books and candies and gum, as well as musical in- struments and athletic goods. In addition to attending to the distribution of all of these Secretary McQuaide taught all of the service men who desired, writing, reading, mathematics, English and spelling. Later McQuaide was assigned to do- mestic service, and discharged the duties of secretary at Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas. He there also organized a school for Knishts of C'olnnilius A. E. F. CIul), Ciirdiff. Wali's. (Chicago Council), Secretary r. J. Johnson the men in camp, with an average attendance of about 35, and when the War Department took over the schools Mr. Mc- Quaide remained as an instructor. Secretary McQuaide re- members with pride and pleasure an incident which occurred on the return of President Wilson from Paris. To the Knights of Columbus was given the post of honor of receiving the president on his last return, and McQuaide was given tlie dis- tinction of being the president's color bearer. 784 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Peter J. Johnson, of Chicago, spent several months in the foreign service, and his experience was very interesting, due to the fact that a great part of his work was done in Ireland md Wales. Johnson landed in Liverpool on December 13, 1918. He and 36 other secretaries, as well as 700 passengers, encountered a terrific storm on their passage to Europe. His K. of C. A. E. F. Club, Cardiff, Wales. P. J. Johnson, Secretary rrj.- -■ -T7r"S^' ~~ --z zx^'S^'' -" — t^i— M-lSSfJ. :.:;\^^^i^j -■t. ^'^^S ^^i?W fe;--^^?! -•^- ^ -f- -ia=3==-.'-"- -- V.„ — - :,. ^ w m ■ f- Hfl ''f%- :-^ ■IVM »: *iii5 .' ,«i -' > i :siJEJaSU . s . A .ESS) 1 .:^-|| i I M 3--.- " Hi ,*, ' = 1% IBIBl ^^ ":"Tf J!. BS^'.:: . - gi- -- at V-loft^l K. of C. A. E. F. Club, Dublin. Ireland. P. J. Johnson, Secretary first assignment was to Camp Wimbledon, near Winchester, England. Here he served for one month, after which he was assigned to the Knights of Columbus club house at Cardiff, Wales. Cardiff was a naval base, consequently the Knights of Columbus club house was visited daily by U. S. sailors and marines. Here the usual articles were distributed, free, in- cluding baseball materials, cigarettes, candy, tobacco, etc. From Cardiff Johnson was transferred to Dublin, Ireland. This club house was located at 32 Upper Fitzwilliam St., and was a splendid old Georgian mansion, in the heart of Dublin's aristocratic section. Here U. S. soldiers and sailors were WAR WORKERS 785 lodged and meals, candy and cigarettes furnished free. Free trips were made daily to the seaside near Dublin and to points of historic interest in the city. Dances and entertainments were given twice a week for the amusement of the service men. At the entertainment talent was frequently furnished by theatrical troops from London, through the kindness of the citizens of Dublin. The Irish people did everything in their power to make it pleasant for the U. S. soldiers and sailors. At the time of the victory celebration in London Secretary John- son was placed in charge of a distributing center located in the Belgian Mansions Hotel. During the four days of the celebration, July 17 to 21, 1919, hundreds of thousands of cigarettes and half a ton of hard candies and chocolates, be- sides toilet soap and writing paper were distributed free to American service men. For three hours each day Johnson escorted parties of 50 soldiers to the various places of interest in London. Returning to Ireland Secretary Johnson served there until September 80, 1919, when the service was dis- continued. From Ireland he went to Paris and served in the Knights of Columbus club house there until November 1, 1919, when that service was discontinued. Unable to return to the United States on account of the shipping strike Johnson visited the battlefields and traveled through Belgium, the occupied territory in Germany, Italy and France; had an audience with the Holy Father, and visited the shrine of Lourdes. Maurice Fitzgibbons crossed the ocean with the Wildcat division. These were southern soldiers from Mississippi, Ala- bama, and New Orleans, but were all white men. He reported for duty in 1918, where his first assignment was the care of the wounded returning from Chateau Thierry. From Paris he was sent to St. Nazaire, where he performed the usual duties of the Knights of Columbus- secretary. While there he was commissioned to secure permission from the commanding of- ficers of Camp Quaquedon near Yer to remove the Knights of 786 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Columbus hut from Bordeau to Camp Quaquedon. This mis- sion ended he was sent to Nante on the seacoast to secure a con- signment of Ford automobiles. Recalled to Paris he was set to work arranging and supervising entertainments, and was for a time located at Limoges. While here he had the very pleas- ant experience of having a large building turned over to him by Captain Holmes of the A. E. F., in w'hich a veiy suitable headquarters was maintained. While serving as secretary Mr. Fitzgibbons had a varied experience, and his journeys across the ocean were not without interest. On the way over a sub- marine scare occurred in mid-ocean, and an attack was made on some object by the chasers. On his return his ship com- panions were all colored troops, tlie Buffalo division, some 600. A rather circuituous route was taken, and stops were made on the coast of Africa in Algeria. Daniel H. Carmody, of Chicago, was first in the account- ing department at Paris, and was later transferred to the 6th division at Recey Sur Ource in the Province of Cote d'Or, France. Here he discharged the usual duties of a secretary, and by an incident illustrates to some extent the services the secretaries had the reputation of performing. ""A lieutenant came to the Knights of Columbus hut one day and handed me a pair of shoes requesting that rubber heels be put on them. I said, 'Lieutenant, we do many things, but I cannot handle this job. ' He seemed very much disappointed, and said that it was the only thing he had discovered that we could not handle." In April Secretary Carmody moved with the 318th Engineers supply- train to Bad Bertrich, Germany, a place famous for mineral water and baths. Here he established a hut in a former German Gasthaus, and had a little warehouse from which supplies were distributed to all the huts in the entire area. The K. C. secretaries operated the bath house, furnish- ing baths and all incidental supplies free. From here he traveled to Brest with the soldiers and incidentally remarks, "though traveling in a side door Pullman it was the most en- WAR WORKERS 787 joyable trip of my life. Everybody was liappy — why not, were we not homeward bound ? ' ' From Brest home. Maurice 'Malley, of Chicago, distinguished himself while in the service as secretary by the rescue of a soldier acting in the capacity of despatch bearer. While riding a motorcycle JOHN EVERS, Overseas Secretary .TAMES T. SHEEHAN, General Secretary. Camp Grant along a trail skirting a ravine the explosion of a shell near by threw the soldier from the vehicle, and caused him to fall into the ravine. O'^Ialley, witnessing the accident, went to the soldier's rescue, but before he could reach the injured man a gas alert was sounded. Something went wrong with 'Mal- ley 's gas mask, which prevented him from adjusting it prop- 788 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS erly. He continued his mission, however, and brought the in- jured man to a dressing station before either had suffered from the gas attack. Albert J. Kelly, from Englewood Council, throws a little side light on war activities. In one of his reports he describes the ceremonies incident to the observance of Decoration Day by the American soldiers in Toul, France. Mass was celebrated by the Knights of Columbus Chaplain, Father Eges, assisted by a number of French clergymen. The ceremonies at the cemetery, which began at 2 :30 p. m., consisted of praj-ers and addresses. A grandstand was erected draped with the Amer- ican colors. Prior to the ceremonies the French soldiers and civilians had placed a floral tribute on every grave. John Evers, the popular ball player, gets a word of praise from Chaplain, Rev. William F. Odell. In a letter written home during October, 1918, Father Odell said: "I had John Evers and fourteen Knights of Columbus secretaries over on the boat from the States with me. They are doing great work and have started distributing fifty tons of chocolates and mil- lions of cigarettes, baseball outfits, beef cubes and many other little things. The Knights are opening splendid club rooms in the big centers and are extending their work in every direction. I found them of great assistance to me in Paris, for they gave me the use of two trucks to move baggage when it was impos- sible otherwise to obtain transportation. Evers is organizing ball teams in the different sectors, and in every way the Knights of Columbus work is meeting with grand success."^ Michael P. Duggan broke into the service as secretary be- cause he couldn 't get into the war any other way. "Shortly after America entered the war," says Mr. Duggan, "I conceived the idea of entering the army oflScers' training camp at Fort Sheridan, but at that time I was ignorant of the age limit and found that I was just four years and nine months too old. Later I was informed that the government wanted fifty telegraph operators (I was an 4. Columbian. WAR WORKERS 789 expert telegrapher in my younger days), and that the age limit was fifty years, but by the time I got everything ready I liad passed that age limit. Later I was informed that the Kniglits of Columbus wanted men to go overseas. Having served twontj'-five years in the police depart- K. of C. Club, ADrlroiuich, Germany. D. A. Hmuolinry, Joliet, Overseas Secretary ment, and being then acting lieutenant in charge of twenty-five plain clothes men, I thought here was my chance. So I visited the office of Thomas P. Flynn and made application for service overseas. Here I found that instead of my age being a handicap it was a help, as the 790 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Knights of Columbus were not sending any one overseas less than 45 years of age. This showed the world that the Knights of Columbus were sending no slackers overseas. ' ' Duggau was promptly accepted, and in due time found himself in France, where he was made division secretary of the 6th division, with seven assistant secretaries, viz., Daniel Flynn, James Gillen, Daniel Carmod}^, James McLoughlin and Maurice O'Malley of Chicago, and Michael O'Donnell and Wm. Matthews of Chicago and Salt Lake City, respectively. His headquarters was at Recey Sur Ource, about 190 kilometers southeast of Paris. ''We didn't have any particular set orders from head- quarters," says Duggan, "so it was up to us to take the in- itiative and do something. ' ' Duggan went immediately to the government headquarters at Aisne le Due, and conferred with Chaplain-Lieutenant Hays, arranging to establish four huts, one at each of the infantry headquarters of the 51st, 52nd, 53rd and 54th infantry regiments, assigning two secretaries to each. The hospital at Recey was also visited. Soon the sec- retaries were equipped with motor trucks, and covered an area of 35 square miles distributing supplies. Duggan 's idea of an entertainment seems to have been one that met with approval. "Anyone with half an eye," says Duggan, "could see what they (the service men) wanted was good wholesome rough stuff, prize fights, baseball, football, shows, music ; in fact, anything to keep them from getting homesick, and that's what we gave them, just wliat they wanted, and plenty of it. ' ' Duggan and his men remained in Recey all winter, but on April 19th, accompanied the 6th division to Bad Britrich. There new headquarters were established. In this area fifteen huts were set up, and the secretaries continued the work there with the Army of Occupation, until the middle of May, when the division was moved to Brest for the journey home. The secretaries remained with the division at Brest until the sol- diers embarked. Duggan and his men remained for a short WAR WOEKERS 791 sight-seeing tour, visiting Nice, Aix Lebain, Lourdes, Pan and Beritz, then home, arriving in New York June 29, 1919. Among our Illinois secretaries was James J. Kirby who served at various places in France. Mr. Kirby was for years a crossing policeman at Randolph and Dearborn streets, Chicago. On October 24th while stationed at Limoges, France, with William D. Golden, another secretary and former head police operator in Chicago, Mr. Kirby wrote Thomas P. Flynn a letter in part as follows: "I don't feel that I have been making any sacrifice compared with that made by the boys that I am here to try to comfort and make things as pleasant for as possible. I sailed from (deleted) the (deleted) of August and arrived in (deleted) on the (deleted) of August after an uneventful trip up to the last day at sea and in sight of land. About 8:20 in the morning we were all eating breakfast ajid there was some excitement. They (the transports) had been (deleted) in the (deleted) till that morning about 4 a. m.; all but two went in the direction of (deleted) and the (deleted) headed for (deleted), when about 8:30 a submarine came in between the two. But before she got set the destroyer sent it down and went in search of the other one. So much for the British navy. "I arrived in Paris on tlie 25th of August and stayed there ten days, when they sent Mr. Golden and me to Limoges, where we opened up a club room. It is about 200 miles from Paris, and some distance from the battle front. We have quite a nice place here for the boys. Tliere is a large number of tliem here, and they appreciate Avhat the Knights of Columbus are doing for them. I guess they write a good many compli- mentary letters to the States as to what the K. of C. is doing here. I have been working hard since I have been here, trying to make things pleasant for all the boys, and it makes me feel good to think that they appreciate it. I was very glad to have the good opportunity to come over here. They are all a fine croAvd of young fellows. On Columbus Day there were 300 of them that went to Communion at the Cathredral of Limoges, and after Mass they all marched back to the Iv. of C. Club, where I served them with a breakfast, consisting of eggs and toast and chocolate, something they don 't get in army mess. They all enjoyed it very much, and that evening I had a smoker and entertainment and 'Everybody Welcome'. It made quite a hit with the boys. 792 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS "Last Saturday, Oct. 19, I had some boxing matches that were very good. I enjoy this work much better than traveling beat in Chicago. I am sending you a picture that the boys had taken at the Cathedral on Columbus Day. I could not get in the picture, as I was busy getting breakfast. ' ''> One Chicago Knight of Columbus who helped materially in the war was Gerald E. Griffin, a talented young tenor. Drcoratin^ Solrliers' Graves at Andnnacli, Oprmany. May -SO. 1919 After our entry into the war Mr. Griffin made a tour which in- cluded the battlefields of Europe, through Australia and to the large centers in America. He was accorded great receptions in Australia, San Francisco, Taeoma, Portland, Denver, New York City, Boston and other places. In addition to filling en- gagements he entertained at the Catholic Hospitals, colleges, seminaries and other institutions of learning. Mr. Griffin was a charter member of Hennepin Council.* W. Cohimhian, Nov. 22, 1918, pp. 1, 2. 6. Mr. Griffin has attained wide popularity in Knights of Columbus and other circles as a gifted singer. WAR WORKERS 793 These sketches give but an imperfect idea of the work of the secretaries overseas, and have reference to but a few of the men who were in the secretarial service over there. The complete list of overseas secretaries will be found at the con- clusion of this chapter. While there were circumstances that made the overseas serv- ice more exciting, it might be said, than the domestic service, yet the domestic service was perhaps equally important. That service began somewhat earlier in most cases and continued longer. It drew to it a large number of competent men. DOMESTIC SECRETARIES Amongst the domestic secretaries there was perhaps none that had a wider range of activities than James J. 'Malley, Past Grand Knight of Daniel O'Connell Council. 'Malley, like many others, had the will to serve in the army, but was so circumstanced as to be precluded therefrom. He, however, offered his services to the Quartermaster in May, 1917; was accepted, and served in various capacities in that department, Avhere he was first attached to the Central Department, United States Army, his first work, consisting of helping to arrange contracts for forage, fuel and supplies of all descriptions. He next was engaged in the payroll department, figuring mileage for men coming from all parts of the United States possessions. He next assisted in the Surgeon-General's Department, where . he participated in inducting over 50,000 men into the quarter- master's, signal service, veterinary, medical and engineering corps. In January, 1918, he accepted an appointment with the Department of Labor at Washington, D. C, as special agent, and was assigned to duty speeding up production in govern- ment contracts, relating to ammunition, clothing, armaments, etc., in which capacity he acted as intermediary between em- ployers and employes, and when unable to make final settle- ment sent the cases to the Taft-Walsh Board for final decision. This work continued until August, 1918, when, on account of 794 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS the critical condition of his wife, resulting from childbirth, he resigned and returned to Chicago. A report prepared by Mr. O'Malley outlines his activities thereafter. "October 1, 1918, I was placed in charge of the War Activities for the Knights of Columbus, located at 17 North La Salle Street, THOMAS F. O'CONNELL, General Secretary, Great Lakes some of my duties being to look after the comfort of all service men coming and going from our city, as AveU as those who were convalescing in the two Government Hospitals in this city. These activities fre- quently extended to the Great Lakes Training Station and Fort Sheridan, WAR WORKERS 795 where we provided creature comforts as well as in various parts of the State of Illinois. I am mindful of the unselfish efforts of my staff com- prising seven members of our order, who could be seen at all hours of the day and night in various parts of the city, both in pleasant and unpleasant weather. "Regular quarters were established in the different railroad yards of the city and suburbs and few, if any, contingents of service men arriv- ing or leaving, were missed by our secretaries, who were always on duty. The co-operation given by various councils is a fact most worthy of mention. There were times when troops arrived in one evening over ten different railroads, numbering 40,000 men. To minister to each of these returning lieroes was a j>hysical impossibility with such a small staff. The following councils were called to assist: Charles Carroll, Thomas Acpiinas, St. Philip Neri, Blue Island, Santa Maria, San Sal- vador and Genoa; their members did yeoman service, working throughout the night, sacrificing their sleep and appearing at their respective places of employment in the morning. "During the last quarter of the year 1918, and the entire year of 1919, over one million and a half men were looked after in one way or another. The services rendered by men attached to the government liosjiitals endeared them to the sick and wounded, as each morning their coming was anxiously looked for by the patients; the various forms of entertainment provided by secretaries was a source of great pleasure and it has been said by government officers that the entertainments provided were the means of hastening the recovery of those afflicted. The popu- larity of 'Casey' here in Oiicago was attrilmted to the unselfish efforts of this small body of men. "In November, 1919, the United States Government ordered that all welfare agencies, with the exception of the American Red Cross, cease their activities; one month was spent before closing as a welfare body, a most successful career. Had the Knights ceased here entirely they would have earned the commendation of the Nation." James T. Sheehan, of Springfield Council, was almost the first and last Knights of Columbus Secretary at Camp Grant. He reported for duty at that great cantonment on October 10 1917. Arriving there he found only General Secretary Eugene E. Clark, of Roekford. He served as General Secre- tary during the last several mouths of the Knights of Colum- bus welfare work there. Secretary Sheehan 's duties terminated on January 17, 796 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS 1920, when, at the request of the government all welfare or- ganizations ceased to function, and the Knights of Columbus equipment was turned over to the government for the use of the service men. Travis Bradley was one of the most popular of the Knights of Columbus Secretaries. Entering the ranks in 1918, he was assigned to United States General Hospital No. 28, Fort Sheri- dan, Illinois, where he served until the government ordered the welfare organizations to cease their work in the camps, and continued in the same work in the service of the gov- ernment. On July 1st, 1920, he was appointed Assistant Supervisor of Service Clubs for the Central Department of the Army, serving under Major-General Leonard A. Wood, and in October of the same year was appointed Supervisor of the Service Clubs for the Fifth Corps Area of the Army, with headquarters at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, later returning to Fort Sheridan as Supervisor of Service Clubs for the Sixth Corps Area. For some time past he has been acting as Hospital Secretary for the Knights of Columbus, stationed at U. S. Public Health Hospital No. 5, 4141 Clarendon Ave- nue, Chicago. Because of his ability as a ventriloquist, among other things, he has made an enviable record in this service. There have been many express appreciations of Secretary Bradley's work, but none perhaps more gratifying than the following from Major "William S. Otis, Field Director of the American Red Cross at Fort Sheridan. Mr. Otis said : "He has made a record for himself that he can well be proud of in the years to come, and can leave this post with the absolute knowledge that he has endeared himself not only to the men he has served, but to his associates in like manner; and I am deeply gratified that the Central Department of the Army has recognized his ability and worth, and that he will continue in this type of work, for which he is so eminently fitted. ' ' Bradley is a member of Father O'Connor Council, and resides at 1019 Ainslie Street, Chicago. WAR WORKERS 797 A. P. Hogau was among the first to volunteer for Knights of Columbus welfare work. After several attempts to get into the active service of the army, he was definitely rejected on account of the age limit. On entering the Knights of Co- lumbus service he was made general secretary at Camp Upton, ^^^^^^^^^^RF^ '' 1 ^^^n^ m lj M ^M ^ -■■ ^ jM BERNARD P. BARASA, Americus Council JAMES J. KELLY. De LaSalle Council and the three magnificent buildings at that camp were erected under his supervision. lie spent fourteen months in Camp Upton, remaining until the work was completed there. Hogan was a member of the Order for 25 years, a charter member of the first council organized in the State of Vermont, and now a member of Loyola-Hyde Park Council. 798 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS John J. Guthrie had a very extended experience as a domes- tic secretary. His first service was in Camp Beauregard, Louisiana, and he was in the fall of 1918 promoted to general secretary, in charge of all the cantonments located in eight southern states. The Supreme Secretary, William J. McGin- ley, sent Mr. Guthrie a letter in which this passage occurs : "I am taxed for words which will adequately convey to you our deep appreciation of your devotion to duty for many weeks past." The popularity of this domestic secretary is in- dicated by the report of a reception tendered him at Alex- andria, Va., as expressed in the press: "At a meeting of Alexandria Knights of Columbus, Tuesday evening, presided over by G. H. Cambre, Grand Knight, Rt. Rev. Bishop C Van de Ven paid a most glowing tribute to Mr. Guthrie foi his patriotic M'ork and complete devotion to the men in uni- form in the southern camps over which he has had jurisdic- tion, and particularly at Camp Beauregard, during the influ- enza epidemic, when he labored day and night for their com- fort and welfare." The bishop said that Mr. Guthrie was an exemplary, patriotic gentleman, and that he was proud to call him a friend. At the close of the meeting Mr. Cambre, in the name of Alexandria Council, Knights of Columbus, pre- sented Mr. Guthrie with a handsome diamond-mounted watch charm, bearing the emblem of the Orde;i*.' Kay Gleason, of Chicago, was unable to qualify physically for military service. He then made application for service with the Red Cross and the Knights of Columbus. Being ac- cepted by the Knights of Columbus he was assigned to the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, and was put in charge of the hut in Camp Paul Jones, the 18th regiment. His first duties were to meet the trains, bringing recruits. The first days in the service are to the recruit like imprisonment, and it was the duty of the Knights of Columbus secretaries to help the boys over this difficult period. Gleason proved an adept 7. Columbian. WAR WORKERS ' 799 in this situation. Presently he was reassigned to hospital service, and some of his duties are stated in the order of assign- ment from the general secretary, which reads in part : "You are assigned to take up the work of Bill Roeder at the Naval Hospital, with orders as follows: Daily visits to all wards, amount of stationery distributed, number of Catholic boys reported to chaplains (you can get a report of all cases brought to the hospital daily at tlic receiving ship), magazines to bed patients, attendance at 6:30 Mass in the Red Cross building, report anything special that happens around the hospital. Go to it. Let the world know that the Knights of Colum- bus are on the job. I look for good results from you, because I have found that you handled detention camps splendidly. Now beat your record. ' ' In the hospital there were 2,100 patients, and Gleason was the only Knights of Columbus secretary at the time. lie found that the patients wanted something more exciting than smokes and sweets, and immediately provided a motion picture machine. "This made a big hit with patients and became very popular with both doctors and nurses. ' ' James P. Gannon also served at the Great Lakes. Gannon had been a carpenter, but was injured by a fall from a scaf- fold, in December, 1917. As soon as he was able to be about in January, 1918, he became a K. C. secretary, and was sta- tioned in Camp Perry. Gannon says that his only instruc- tions were to "do all you can for the boys." Besides the regular work of distribution of creature comforts, stationery, etc., secretary Gannon alludes to the delivery and distribution of packages received from fond parents, sisters and sweet- hearts for the boys in the sei*vice. Frequently packages of this character were received from people who hadn't any relatives in the service, but just wished to cheer up some of the boys. Such donations were fairly distributed, as far as possible, amongst those who didn't receive remembrances from rela- tives or friends. 800 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS General Field Secretary A. G. Bagley, formerly of Chicago, whose duties required him to inspect both the Eastern and Western cantonments, in speaking of Avhat he saw writes from a southern camp thus : "The rosary was recited last night, and it was a sight never to be forgotten. The hall Avas crowded, jammed, from the platform to the doors. Men knelt there for half an hour before the services commenced, and were loath to get up when they were concluded. They sang the sweet old hymns of the church, many of them I think, with swelling hearts, as I never heard them before. ' ' The men are praying. They want the spiritual services of the church, and are more earnest than ever before. The Pan-American Mass, with all its pomp and ceremony, pales into insignificance com- pared to this magnificent service. It was wonderful. ' ' It took one back to tlie days of the early Christians. These men came there of tlieir own volition, under much physical discomfort, to offer their praise and homage in heartfelt prayer before the Blessed Sacrament. ' '» William E. Powers, familiarly known as "Dad," Past Grand Knight of Garcia Moreno Council, was a popular secre- tary at Great Lakes. His renown is explained somewhat by this reference to his methods : ' ' I began by using my lack of knowledge of naval affairs by calling each one laddy, regardless of rank, and sought to gain their confidence. When I violated the regulations by doing favors for the boys I was usually excused, the oflScer generally remarking, 'Oh, that was Dad, he doesn't know any better. He is only a farmer.' " Powers was something of a philosopher. "In melancholy cases," says he, "I saw the doctors at their wits ends striving to bring about a change in a patient, and I tried to make them cheerful, and failing in that I said or did something to make them angry. One or the other plan usually worked to the benefit of the patient. ' ' Dad frequently got into trouble with the officers for being too good to the Jackies, but he says, "I always consulted the 8. Columbian. WAR WORKERS 801 doctors before giving candy or other food to the patients, and thus played safe." One part of Secretary Powers' duties was to pilot the sailor lads to church on Sunday. Many times the crowd was so large that the chapel wouldn 't hold them, and a larger building would be used. The Lutheran and Episco- palian chaplains used the Knights of Columbus building for religious services, and frequently Catholic services were held in their building. On Sundays certain hours were allotted to each. An incident which obtained wide publicity was the attack of ' ' fleet ' ' boys on a shop-keeper 's place in Norfolk, as the result of which the boys participating were removed from Norfolk to the Great Lakes! The trouble arose over signs which were hung above the counters showing prices to natives on one side, and higher prices to sailors on the reverse, for the same article. The sailor boys didn't like that kind of treatment and mussed up the shop. Of course they were branded as bad men, and came to Great Lakes with that reputation. Refer- ring to these boys. Dad Powers says : "I tested them out the day after their arrival at Great Lakes. The 17th regiment Knights of Columbus building was intended as a welfare building only, there being no chaplain and but one secretary. It con- tained writing tables, chairs, victrola, a few books, telephone, and sta- tionery, to which the 'all welcome and everything free' rule applied. Stamps were sold or given away as circumstances seemed best in the judgment of the secretary. The day after the arrival of this particular fleet crew I missed many articles from the room and suspected that these lads were bent on having some fun with me. The next evening, when the room was well filled with Jackies, I announced that I was going to sick bay to see the patients there and 'wished all lost articles restored before my return.' Coming back in half an hour I found not only the lost articles, but many others, which had been brought in and placed in proper places, thus proving that the boys had taken them with no intent to do hanu, and that, on the contrary, they were anxious to assist with any movement which tended to advance the welfare work. As a further test I hit upon the plan of turning the care of the desk and buOding over to one of these lads while I went out to attend the funeral of Chaplain Rev. Joseph P. Munday. I selected the brightest, but most mischievous looking lad in the lot. I checked the money over 802 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS to him and placed him in charge. When I returned he checked out and accounted for everything in f ulh ' ' Powers calls attention to another service that was very important. "It was my duty to visit the regimental hospital (Sick Bay, as it was called), and cheer the boys, run errands and hunt for lost mail. I made on an average about three visits each day. Looking after their mail was the big service that appealed to them, and brought us into their confidence. Many a feverish lad was cured by the receipt of a letter from home or a loved one, many a shy secret was told us in ex- change for the favor of writing an answer to these letters. These confi- dences were regarded as sacred, and often were the means of turning a lad from a nervous feverish patient into a regular jacky. " Religious requirements were looked after in this manner : "When the lads showed symptoms of severe illness we asked per mission of them to call a chaplain and have him talk with him. We would look at the chart to learn what denomination a boy belonged to, and then call a chaplain of that denomination." The way the chaplains regarded it is thus explained : "This service was appreciated by the several chaplains to such a degree that I was requested by both the Lutheran and Episcopal chap- lains to call a Catholic chaplain in emergency cases if they could not be found. Catholic chaplains gave similar instructions." Dad Powers noted a difference between the army and the navy. On March 1st, he says, "I was transferred to Camp Grant, and assigned to Building No. 4, in the base hospital area. The change was like going from the parlor to the wood- shed. Everything in the navy is spick and span, while in the army it is — well you are in the army now — rough and ready. You will like it." There Powers was assigned to the con- tagious and isolated areas. Even a veteran like Powers was shocked and almost overcome by the sickening sights witnessed there. "From early mom until late at night we worked among the pa- tients, distributing cigarettes, candy, writing letters, hunting kits, WAR WORKERS 803 drawing their pay on orders for bed patients, also buying supplies at the canteen. At night we put on a show in the building, and one secre- tary spent three hours each evening playing a victrola in the different wards of the bed patients, twenty minutes to a ward." So Powers and the other secretaries rounded out their duties from day to day, doing always their best and gaining the affection of the boys in the service, the plaudits of army and navy officials, and the approval of their superiors. Anthony Munich saw active service as secretary at Fort Baird, New Mexico. Characterizing the departure of Mr. Munich from Fort Baird, Captain D. W. Smith, Recreational officer of the post, said : "I wish to say at this time that all of the officers and enlisted men alike will greatly miss Mr. Munich. He came here early in March, and was delegated to do recreational woik for the Knights of Columbus, and he did. * * * Besides the fine record that Mr. Munich has made as a recreation officer his ineffaceable smile has helped greatly and been heartening in times when things were going adversely." A feature of the welfare work arranged by Secretary Munich was a great burro race, in which there were eight main events. The first was a free for all fast race, running with boy jockeys. The second was a slow race, the slower the better, the riders allowing their steeds to stop entirely were disquali- fied, however. Following the slow race came a cart race, babies' race, tandem race — two riders on each burro — and finally a burro-bucking contest. Two hundred burros took part in the tournament. F. P. Sauer, of Wheaton, Illinois, was in charge of hospital work at Fort McPherson, Ga., where many of the shell shocked patients were returned. Secretary Sauer performed all of the usual services of a secretary, and adds to the interest of the work by a description of a Thanksgiving dinner which he, as- sisted by the good ladies of Immaculate Conception Church of Atlanta, Ga., gave in 1918, to about 300 overseas boys. The program started at 1 :30 p. m., and lasted until bed time, which, 804 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS for the patients, was 9 p. m. Patients came in wheel chairs, on crutches, or carrying canes — some with one arm gone and the other in a cast or sling. Sixteen young ladies waited on the boys, and even fed those who were helpless. To those who could not come to the feast Sauer carried turkey sandwiches, apples and oranges. He repeated on the good time at Christ- mas ; had a tree at the Knights of Columbus Hall, and invited everybody in the Fort. The ladies were present again, and a most enjoyable time was had. Regular entertainments, includ- ing a once a week dance, were provided. Sauer spent nearly a year at the Fort, and the officei'S and men speak in the high- est terms of his sei-vices. William J. Schmitt was located at Camp Custer, Michigan, and served under General Secretary T. J. Doyle. In the dis- charge of his duties he participated in all the welfare work, and gives us this incident to illustrate the "Everything Free" rule: "A soldier came into one of the K. of C. huts late one night and asked for about ten yards of wrapping paper for his commanding officer. Without asking a question the secretary on duty at the time gave him the paper. The soldier, as he walked out, laid a 50-cent piece on the counter. He was gone before the secretary could return the money. To keep our records clean he spent two days locating that soldier so that he could return the fifty cents." A nice feature introduced by the Knights of Columbus sec- retaries at Camp Custer was free taxi service for relatives and friends of the soldiers who came to visit them dui'ing the flu epidemic. One of the secretaries met every train, and took the visitors from the station to the hospital, a distance of four miles. The trust reposed in the secretaries is illustrated by an incident related by Schmitt : "A soldier gambled and won over $900.00. He wished to send $500.00 home, so he called a Knights of Columbus secretary and gave him the money with instructions to get a money order and mail it for him. He refused a receipt as security, and said : ' The K. C. uniform is sufficient security for me. ' " WAR WORKERS 805 Another soldier one day said, "Here is $50.00. 1 want to go home next month, but if I carry this money I will lose it playing cards. Keep it for me nntil I get my pass." During 1919 about 1,000 R. 0. T. C. boys were at the camp. On July 4th, the secretaries gave them a picnic at a park about 20 miles from the camp. Special cars were provided to transport them. At the park amusements and entertainments of all kinds were furnished, as well as fruits, candy, lemonade and ice cream. Boxing bouts, of course, were popular. On October 29th the secretary staged a boxing exhibition, consisting of 10 bouts, at- tended by 1,000 officers and enlisted men. On October 21st a farewell and Hallowe'en dance was given, and Sehmitt records with pride that "General Johnson's wife and daughter spent the whole day assisting in decorating the hut." Refreshments and souvenirs were furnished. A general order was issued that all soldiers might remain at the dance until midnight. J. J. Henneberry, of Chicago, performed the duties of a Knights of Columbus secretary at Brooksfield, San Antonio, Texas. Like many of the other secretaries Henneberry tried to get into the service, but was tliree times rejected for naval service, and was disqualified under the selective draft on account of heart murmurs, but counted himself fortunate in being able at least to serve in the capacity of Knights of Co- lumbus secretary. The town was under (piarantine on account of the flu epidemic, when Henneberry arrived, and he found the camp in the same situation. The Knights of Columbus had a spacious building, which was well equipped and bountifully supplied. The services rendered by the secretaries here were in all respects equal to those rendered in other camps and posts. Joseph M. Schageman, of Chicago, was one of the secre- taries that saw service at Camp Pike, Arkansas. Schageman had previously been rejected for service in the army. He, like many of the other secretaries, arrived at camp just as the "flu" epidemic was at its height. He found the general socre- 806 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS tary and two assistants in the hospital suffering from influenza. He took up the work of visiting the sick and supplying the patients with stationery and stamps, writing letters for those who were unable to do so. It was in the performance of these duties that many of the secretaries contracted the disease. The secretaries also assisted the chaplains by driving them to the hospital on sick calls and in taking care of the altars at the three buildings. There was a division of activities amongst the buildings: At Building No. 1 entertainments were given, consisting of movies, dancing and parties; at Buildings Nos. 2 and 3 dancing parties chiefly. The good ladies of Little Kock formed a Joan of Arc Club and installed sewing ma- chines at each of the buildings, and one day each week was spent sewing torn blouses and other garments for the boys in the army. From Camp Pike Schageman was transferred to Camp Grant, where he served in several different capacities, including the hospital area. Schageman tells of a big feature in the work set on foot by William E. Powers (Dad, as we have heard him called) : "On May 30th, Decoration Day, all organ- izations combined and had a barbecue on the banks of the Rock River. All of the men in camp were asked to invite their friends and families, and there was a great gathering, as it was a very fine day. All organizations worked hard and had their men on hand to see that everyone was fed and taken care of. 'Casey' was there with his matches, cigarettes, candy, etc., and that's where he stole a march on the rest of them. Now for Dad Powers' idea. He thought it would be a good idea to visit the wounded who were unable to join the party, and, believe me, Casey certainly was heartily wel- comed in every ward that day; indeed, as he was never wel- comed before. We loaded up market baskets and suit cases with everything we had in the building, and gave the fellows a treat. On the day that the wounded were transferred to Fort Sheridan the secretaries supplied them with smokes, candy and chocolate on the ride. One of the secretaries ac- WAR WORKERS 807 companied them on the trip, and kept everj'body supplied." How the Knights of Columbus secretaries regarded their work is indicated bv a line from Secretary Schageman's letter: "I got into the game when it was practically all over, but I wouldn't trade my thirteen months' experience for any amount of money in the world." Albert B. Lind, of Cairo, also ser^-ed at Camp Pike. He was honorably discharged from the aviation branch, balloon division, on account of a bursted ear drum. He adds to the interest of the account of secretarial work by the following statement : "Knowing that there would be thousands who would not be able to get their discharge in time to be home for Christmas we undertook to make Christmas as merry as possible, and through the kindness of the quar- termaster three large Packard trucks were placed at the disposal of the Knights of Columbus secretaries, who took to the woods for a day, and three large Christmas trees were cut and hauled in, one for each hut. These trees were erected and electric lighted, and on Christmas morning, after Mass, we passed out to each man a parcel containing a quantity of candy and nuts, two apples and an orange. The expression was fre- quently heard, 'Well, everybody has forgotten me this Christmas but the Knights of Columbus.' " John J. Costello, of East St. Louis, served at Camp Funston, Kansas. Costello was persistent in his efforts to get into the ai-my. He was examined and rejected sixteen times, but he says : " I made up my mind that I was going to do some- thing to help this couutrj- out." He applied for service as a Knights of Columbus secretary-. When Costello arrived at the camp the military- police refused him entrance on account of flu quarantine. "He tried to make me get back on the train and go to Junction City, stating that his orders were not to let a ci\-ilian or anyone in or out of the camp without a pass, but I being a stubborn Irishman would not get back on the train, so I was placed under arrest for disobeying orders. I was determined to reach my destination." When the train pulled out a Knights of Columbus secretary- working 808 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS amongst the military police was called aud Secretary James Ryan was communicated with. He then took Costello in charge and secured him a pass. When straightened about Costello was put in charge of the mail desk, and it became his duty to see that there was plenty of stationery and stamps on hand for the soldier boys, and to see that their letters were mailed and deliver all mail that was sent in care of the Knights of Columbus, and to report, particularly on all sup- plies distributed and other activities. Costello not only cared for the mail in the building, but was also postman, obliged to carry the mail from the camp to the postoffice, rain or shine, and he remarks that "there was much rain." During Costel- lo 's second day of service he was called into the office of the general secretary and given some salutary instructions. Cos- tello says : ' ' He told me, amongst other things, ' that even though the Knights of Columbus was a Catholic organization, that all men were to be treated alike; it made no difference whether they were Baptists, Metho- dists or what denomination they were, that I was to try to make them all happy. He said that sign over the door of all the K. of C. buildings meant just what it said, and that was "everybody welcome," so it was up to us, the representatives of the Knights of Columbus, to make them feel that way, and the most important "don't" was "don't break any camp order," as that was important also.' " Costello recites an interesting incident : "A letter came from a boy's mother wanting us to locate her son, for she hadn't heard from him for a month, and was worried for fear he was sick with the flu, and she never said what branch he belonged to or anything, just gave us his name. Well, I was up against it again, but not for very long, for I turned it over to Lannion, the secretary in charge of the building, and he soon taught me something that I thought was impossible. All he did was call headquarters and asked them to locate the boy, giving his name, city, and state, and then to call Knights of Columbus No. 1, when they found out what company he belonged to. Five minutes had not elapsed when headquarters called up and gave us the required information. I then called the company headquarters to learn the barracks he was in, and was told immediately. Lannion then WAR WORKERS 809 told me how to handle the case. I brought stationery and stamps to the barracks, inquired for the boy, and learned that his only excuse for not writing was neglect. I gave him envelopes and paper and had him write while I waited. I then took the letter and saw that it was mailed. ' ' Another instance: Father Cronin, the chaplain at the Base Hospital at Fort Riley, called and asked us to advise a boy in camp that his brother was in the base hospital in a serious condition; to get him a pass so he could go to Camp Riley ; all of which was done with despatch. Requests of this character came daily. The epidemic having subsided, the work of the secretaries consisted chiefly in entertaining, which was done in much the same manner at all of the camps. Castello remarks that the hardest work started after the armistice was signed, as everybody was anxious to get home. The secretaries at all the camps, and especially at Camp Funston, were busy with questions of allotments to the wives and parents of the service men, and did a great deal in the way of straightening out entanglements. Costello tells of a pleasant visit the camp received : ' ' A few days after the armistice was signed we had a visitor from the headquarters of the Knights of Columbus war activities. It was the vicar-general of the chaplains, Very Rev. William F. Foley. He called a meeting of all the Knights of Columbus secretaries and outlined the policies for entertaining the boys until they were discharged. It was indeed a big help for we never knew just how to handle the situation, and we knew something had to be done, therefore Father Foley's infor- mation was very much appreciated. ' ' Costello says that some of the boys were very sick and that their suffering was heart-rending. "But the hardest part of all was when a boy would die, especially if his mother was present, but I saw a few die without a relative near them, and I immediately notified the parents or reported to headquar- ters." Early in the year Costello 's work was finished, and he returned to his usual avocation in East St. Louis. Michael J. Green, of Father Perez Council, saw service 810 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS as a Knights of Columbus secretary at Fort SilL Arkansas, under General Secretary John J. Guthrie. He was first in the hospital service and gives this concise statement of his duties : "My duty ■was to report there every morning at 9 o'clock. Then I began my rounds of the cots, passing out the good word to the boys, a few cigarettes here and there, writing material, reading matter, stamps or anything that struck their fancy, and that was within my pow?J to give. I was supposed to finish at about 5 o'clock in the evening, but when it is understood that the average population of the hospital was about 2,000 per week, sick, disabled or just lonely, a time limit could not be complied with." At Post Field, to which Green was later transferred, were to be found the returned overseas veterans from every sec- tion of the United States, and it was the duty of the secretaries to try to keep the men in good humor until they were dis- charged. Movies four times a week, dances, boxing, baseball and other sports, were the principal activities. A paragraph on religious activities at Fort Sill is interesting: "The army chaplains. Father O'Keefe, 0. S. B., and Father Ford, assisted by Father Isidore and other visiting priests, took care of the confessions and Masses. Mass was celebrated every Sunday at Post Field Building 2. Father Isidore was in charge of the Church of St. Patricks, a civilian so far as the army was concerned, but he had been visiting the post for more than thirty years and was known and loved by everybody. ' ' This assiduous attention evidently had some effect, for Green says: "Four of the non-Catholics applied for instruc- tions and were turned over to the priest. They were later baptised." Frank Cunningham, Ed Keane and John Bates, all of Chicago, were also secretaries at this field. Green gives us this impression of the main event : "Of the thousands with whom I dealt in that camp they were as a whole as fine a lot of men as it has ever been my pleasure to meet or work with. Good fellows, willing to give and take, broad-minded, happy. WAR WORKERS 811 grateful for any service we could do for them, and appreciative of anj effort we put forth, sometimes to the extent that was embarrassing. ' ' Guy C. Grapple, of St. Francis Xavier Gouncil, Ghicago, did secretarial service as educational director of the southern department at Gamp Travis, Kelly Field, and other points. Knights of Columbus Law School, Kelly Field, Texas; 27 Graduate."?. Guy C. Grapple, Instructor Mr. Grapple established classes for various studies. The edu- cational work was introduced at Kelly Field amongst the fliers by Secretary Grapple the day after the armistice was signed. A large class in commercial real estate and business law was formed and a course of lectures mapped out. Arrangements were made with the University of Texas by which credits were allowed to soldier students for the work done in camp. The graduation of the first class to be taught in a camp was con- ducted in Knights of Golurabus Building No. 2 at Kelly Field, Texas, in the winter of 1919. The course was taken under 812 KNIGHTS OF COLUIMBUS IN ILLINOIS Secret-ary Grapple and so unique was the event that the com- mander at the camp distributed diplomas and praised the Knights in warm terms for their successful enterprise. Maurice J. Wall was also at Kelly Field, and gives a stir- ring account of the hospital work of the Knights of Colum- bus secretaries during the dreaded epidemic. A printed book- let of 26 pages showing every e"\adence of both care and gener- osity contains the dedication program of the Knights of Go- lumbus headquartei-s at Kelly Field. From cuts contained in this book one may get a splendid idea of the men and instruc- tions of this great war camp, to which large numbers of Illinois men were assigned during the war. Thomas F. Radican, of Joliet, did service at Gamp Wheeler. Macon. Georgia. At Gamp Wheeler there were located 1,300 boys from Joliet. Illinois. ^Maeon is a grand old southern town, which is rapidly being developed by northern capital. The camp was located about ten miles from the city. When laid out the camp postoffice was located in the far corner of the camp and inaccessible except by auto. The Knights of Golumbus secretaries solved the problem by establishing up- to-date mail service twice or ofteuer per day. Radican says that thousands of dollars were entrusted to the secretaries for transmission. In addition to the mails they also took care of parcel post and express packages. The variety of work of the secretaries is indicated by Radican: "We were often called on to give advice on business deals, law, to draw wills, discuss family troubles, religion, and, in fact, to make their troubles our own." Radican points out that there was a great deal more difficulty in procuring entertainers in the south than in the northern camps. Local talent was not available and entertainers had to be imported. At Gamp Wheeler pro- grams, entertainment, hospital work, etc., were worked out as elsewhere, as described by Secretary Radican. He gives us some light on a new feature, the troop transport service. This was the hardest work of all for the secretaries, according WAR WORKERS 813 to Radical!, because it meant severe hard work all day and sleepless nights on troop trains night after night. In prepar- ing sandwiches and other creature comforts for from 20,000 to 35,000 returning troop boys, everj^hing had to be gotten readv a dav or two before the return of a contingent in order to avoid deterioration. A parcel was prepared for each man, consisting of two sandwiches, a chocolate bar, a package of gum. a package of cigarettes, a K. of C. linen handkerchief, a towel and soap. These were distributed on board the train after the boys had embarked from the ship and boarded the train. Frequently this was the only afternoon or evening meal the returned soldiei's received. Jacques P. Penning served as secretary in Ca)iip Humphreys, Va. Penning was adept in the invention of new services. At Christmas time he made up a parcel for each service man, consisting of a chocolate bar, candy, an orange, gum, an apple, a few nuts, and two season postcards, and de- livered the same to all the men in his charge. About the mid- dle of January he again visited the stockade with a parcel containing tooth paste, tooth brush and a cake of soap. About the same time he set up a photo studio and photographed all comers. "In a few cases. "" says Penning, '• where the boys had an enormous lot of work they wished done they furnished the paper or post cards, this being the only instance at which they were at any expense. Often as many as a thousand prints were made in a week." This little description of a parting is interesting : "On the day of the discharge of the 56th the general secretary of the Knights of Columbus, and myself and the chauffeur detailed had gone to their section and passed out the smokes with a fareweU greet- ing. After this was done Captain Aymon addressed us and said the first thing his men saw on being mobilized was a K. of C, the first man to greet them in camp was a K. of C, and the last man to bid them God- speed on this side was a K. of C; the first to lend a hand overseas was a K. of C, and on their return home their best friend on the boat was a man who wore the emblem of a chaplain on his collar and the K. of C. 814 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS cheTTon on his sleeve, landing at the port near Baltimore. ' Casey ' was still at the front, and he was pleased to note that ' Casey ' was also with them when thev left for home. ' ' Emil Newton was assigned first to Camp Grant, but in December, 1918, was transferred to the hospital camp at Fort Sheridan, and was one of the secretaries that met the troop trains and distributed cigarettes and chocolate to the incom- ing patients, and between times visited the patients in the wards and supplied their needs. It is perhaps true that no more intelligent view was taken or expressed of the secretarial service of the Knights of Co- lumbus than may be credited to James F. O'Connor, Past Grand Knight of Marquette Council, and Past District Deputy of the Order. Mr. O'Connor's principal services as secretary were ren- dered at Camp Funston, Kansas. These ser\'ices were as numerous as they were effective. They covered everything included in the secretarial program and, indeed, am-thing else that was of interest or value to the men in the service. O'Connor was punctilious with reference to all of his duties and of course especially so whenever he was called upon by the chaplains to assist in religious work. Some of the difiB- culties under which the secretaries labored in this regard are hinted at in a verv interesting account which Secretarv O'Con- nor wrote : "I liked to have a couple of the men act as servers (at Mass)," says O'Connor, "and there were some who did it with the reverent ease of seminarians. Most of the time I did the serving, though there was a captain who wished the privilege, but who, because of duty, was gen- erally late, and who looked reproachfully at me for beating him to it. I had to be careful in summer to cut the candles in lengths of two or three inches. If set up in a greater length the heat (110^ and more sometimes) would melt them, causing them to drop on the floor and set the altar on fire. At the same altar in winter (10' below) I have opened my blouse and shirt to melt against my breast the ice in the cruet for the ablutions. ' ' WAE WORKERS 815 If there was one mle that was more rigidly adhered to by the secretaries than any other it was that which forbade proselytizing. Of the thousands of men who became Knights of Columbus secretaries not a single word has ever been said bv the tens of thousands of service men with whom these secre- JAMES F. OCOXXOR, Marquette Council A. P. HOGAN Lojola Hyde Park Cooncil taries came in contact to the effect that the Catholic religion was thrust or even inf erentially urged upon them ; nor, indeed, did the secretaries ever talk religion except when answering inquiries ; then their conversation was co nfin ed to an inquiry as to whether a chaplain was desired. Despite this situation, however, young men approached the secretaries on the ques- tion of religion, and O'Connor records many such instances. When young men came to the secretaries and insisted upon learning something of the Catholic religion the secretary- re- ferred them to the chaplain., and if they asked for literature the secretaries procured for them the catechism. Cardinal 816 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Gibbons' great book, ''The Faith of Our Fathers," and such works of that character as were suitable. Many became in- tellectual converts. "One day I was sponsor for an old sergeant," says O'Connor, "and was to be best man at his marriage next day; both sacraments were ad- ministered, as was his first communion, in the tiny sanctuary adjoining our hall. The bride was coming alone to camp from Michigan, and my associate, grey haired secretary, was to be bridesmaid by proxy for some girl in Grand Eapids. I asked him to wear a veil, but he refused — pro- fanely. The afternoon before the marriage I scouted the country for miles in the old Ford looking for flowers for the nuptial altar, and if you have ever looked for August flowers in rural Kansas you will believe my search was long. I finally found a country parish whose pastor had a garden. The priest was absent, but I honnied his housekeeper into letting me take all I could find, and the little altar looked very sweet for the first communion and the marriage. ' ' Another instance of a convert : "One of my Godsons was the champion heavyweight boxer of the outfit. When he came to me for a private talk I supposed it was in regard to a ring contest we had scheduled, but it was something else. 'Mr. O'Connor, I would like to become a Catholic' There was something unusual in this case, for the big fellow was from my own state of Illinois, and his sister — they were orphans — had come to live in a village near camp. I was asked to supply reading matter in duplicate, and they were baptized together. Here was another thing in this case which gave much pleasant thought. The big boxer had for his buddy — and they were inseparable — a soldier as big as himself who had his own religious belief, not a Catholic. Yet when big Bill M. came on certain afternoons for instructions from the chaplain buddy would sit somewhere near the chaplain's room, patiently waiting an hour each time for Bill to come out, when they would go rollicking and rough-housing away together. He knew what Bill was going to do, and it wasn't at all what buddy believed in, but it was a matter of religion, of conscience. It was Bill's business, not to be scoffed at and not to be argued about." Many other experiences of a similar character fell to the lot of Secretary O'Connor. O'Connor has given us the best impression of the associates of the Knights of Columbus in war welfare work : WAR WORKERS 817 "First in my mind," says he, "shall always be the representa- tives of the American Library Association in the welfare activities. In and near Camp Funston the Knights of Columbus outside of their own personnel had no such active helpers, no such loyal, thoughtful assistants. They were all non-Catholics, but besides their liberality in supplying books and periodicals they daily demonstrated their real friendship in time of need — as a car or a driver, of coal, of ice, of anything, we seldom asked them for accommodation. They anticipated the request and offered themselves and what they had for our use We were in close and agreeable contact at all times with the Ked Cross representatives who welcomed the class of troubles which properly we sent to them. From the beginning to the end of activities in Funston there was never any friction be- tween the Knights of Columbus and the other welfare organizations. I must, however, say that with a few fine and notable exceptions the Y, M. C. A. personnel suffered by comparison with any other secretaries." Secretary O'Connor gives us a fine impression of the men served by himself and the other secretaries all over the world : "If there is one conviction larger than others in what I have learned from our work," says O'Connor, "it is the conviction that in no land and at no time were there ever service men the equals in conduct and character of the traiaed U. S, service men. I do not speak of undisciplined troops, but I have been with the men of several divisions, and I have marveled and gloried in their steadiness, cleanliness and cheerful devotion. They are intelligent, observing and they return confidence for trust; in fact they are generous in all their reciprocation." This little story, so well told by secretary O'Connor, casts a side light upon the reputed cold and severe army officer. The last commandant of Camp Funston during O'Connor's service there was Major General E. F. MacGlachlan, Jr., and of him 'Connor says : "He came to the camp the crustiest, crabbiest hardest-boiled man imaginable. He was especially hard-faced towards the Knights of Columbus, perhaps because he wanted war time rigid discipline, and when he came things were relaxed, and the men given much free time, which most of them passed in our house. But the General came to better humor with us. I have a strong letter of apprecia- 818 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS tion of the Knights of Columbus which he sent to a banquet follow- ing initiations in the Council in Junction City, near the camp. He also had his executive officer, Major Cronin, speak for him at the ban- quet, and the major was truly eloquent expressing his own and his general's high regard for our work abroad and in camp. On one of those last strenuous days the general was with me in our No. 1 House going over matters with his property officer, who was enthusiastic about the valuable properties the Knights of Columbus were turning over to the army. Fearing that his terrifying commander did not appreciate how much they were getting, he would say something like this: 'See this, we are giving receipts, not for one moving picture outfit, but for five of them complete, booths and all,' and the answer came from a face of Scotch granite, but from a now friendly heart, 'It is no more than I would expect from the Knights of Columbus, and we shall probably need all they have given us to help equip some other (welfare) houses which have been stripped bare by the late occupants.' " Secretary O'Connor spent more than a year in the service, made exceptionally rigorous by the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter. He suffered much serious illness and is a frail man. The excellent account of his services was written for this work chiefly while he lay upon a bed of sick- ness, from which attending physicians had advised he would never rise. In the moments of his severest illness friends who visited him affirm that one of his most serious concerns was the fear that he would be unable to finish his story before his death. Under Divine Providence he was spared, let us hope for many years of effective effort of the worthy character of his past accomplishments.* A contemporaneous impression of the welfare work of the Knights of Columbus is well told in a statement by Captain John R. Robinson, (non-Catholic), a widely known newspaper man, expert rifleman and veteran of the Spanish American and Boer wars. Captain Robinson returned to Chicago just prior to Christ- mas, 1918, and gave out the following statement: 9. "Jim," as he is aflfectionately called, is, it should be said, rugged again and as always full of cheer and enthusiasm. WAR WORKERS 819 "The Knights of Columbus is one of the few organizations which have not broken down under the stress of war work. The morale of its workers is higher than the morale of any other class of war work- ers, with the single exception of the Salvation Army, and both these organizations can be counted upon as the acme of efficiency in caring for the men. "The Salvation Army work is almost exclusively overseas, so I must take hearsay for a knowledge of its labor. I actually saw the GARRETT G. FLEMING, K. of C. Secretary, Chicago WILLIAM J. SCHMIDT. K. of C. Secretary, Aurora, III. Knights of Columbus in operation, however, and cannot find words strong enough to express my admiration for its smooth running ma- chinery, its total lack of unnecessary employes and red tape and the untiring men who stay up all day and night to look after the chaps at camp. "At the K. of C. building at Camp Gordon's C. 0. T. S. reserva- tion three men are employed. At each of two other organizations from five to eight men were in the buildings constantly. Yet the services rendered the soldiers at the K. of C. building were better, and in the pinch of the last two days, the K. of C. was the only one of the three that did not break down. "Hundreds of trunks, boxes and packages were being sent to all three buildings. With one more day to go, and it the heaviest, two of the organizations announced they could handle no more matter. The K. of 0. men announced they would take care of everything that 820 KNIGHTS OF COLtTMBUS IN ILLINOIS •was taken to their biiilding. Their three men staved up all night, ■working fortv-eight hours without rest, in order to get the boys awav. "There is only one answer to the question of how the morale of the K. of G. is maintained at such a high pitch. The employes of the K. of C. huts are invariably members of the organization. They have the good of their organization at heart., and they labor incessantly to the end that the soldier shall have everything that they can give him, and so that he will leave the service with a good word and a kind thought for the K. of C. In our organization as many Protestants as Catholics attended Mass at the K. of C. building every Sunday. "The other organizations, T^-ith the single exception of the Salva- tion Army, have 'employes' who work for a salary; they do just as much work as their salary pays for; they work by the clock and they stop when their time is up. Of course, there are exceptions, but what I have said is true of 75 per cent of the other organizations, while I yet have to see a K. of C. man quit his job when there was another soldier to be eared for. "lo Francis D. Hanna for many years a member of Englewood Council, and recently transferred to University Council, was head of the Fraud Section of the Military- Intelligence Di- vision of the general staff of the U. S. Army, during the war. and established the unique record of saving about six million doUars to the United States Government. In the letter releasing him from duty on June 30. 1920, Colonel Gordon Johnson, Assistant Chief of Staff under Major- General Leonard A. Wood, wrote as follows : "I wish to take advantage of this occasion to express my appre- ciation of the valuable services you have rendered. During the past year your section has been instrumental in saving the government about six million dollars in the reduction of claims and in the avoid- ance of unnecessary expense. It would be difficult to find one who has served the government more efficiently during this period of re- construction than you have done, as proved by these results." In civil life Mr. Hanna is Assistant to Colonel Henry Barrett Chamberlin, Operating Director of the Chicago Crime Commission, organized by the Chicago Association of Com- merce to deal with the suppression, prevention and puni.sh- 10. Columbian, Dec. 1918, p. -3. WAK WORKERS 821 ment of crime. Formerly a newspaper man, he served at different times on the editorial staffs of the Chicago Tribune, Herald and Journal, and at one time was associate editor of The New World. He was also Morals Inspector of the Police Department and Secretary of the Commission on City Expenditures. Timothy E. Dunne held a rather unique and very inter- esting position in the war service. He enlisted May 23, 1917, with Base Hospital Unit 14 — the Michael Reese-St. Luke Unit — from which he was discharged December 22, 1917, on telegraphic orders from the Adjutant-General, at Washing- ton, ordering him to proceed to the Capital for appointment as Army Field Clerk. There he was selected by Col. P. D. Lochridge for ser\'ice with General Tasker H. Bliss on the Supreme War Council at Versailles, France, and arriving there was assigned as Assistant to Intelligence Officer of the American Section. He continued iu this service until Gen. Bliss was named Peace Commissioner, whereupon he became one of Gen. Bliss' secretaries at the Hotel Crillon, where he served until December, 1919, upon which date he returned to the United States, where he finished up the work of the American Section and Gen. Bliss' report, concluding his serv- ice on May 3. 1920. He was discharged May 18, 1920, after serving three years. One of the last official acts of Gen. Bliss before being made the Governor of the Soldiers' Home in Washington. D. C. was to recommend for Mr. Dunne the award of the Distinguished Service Medal. Mr. Dunne occupied one of the most responsible and confidential positions held by any young American. He was on the inside, so-to-speak, of everything connected with the war, and so thoroughly did he appreciate his position that to the present time he maintains the strictest silence upon matters necessarily regarded as confidential. He is out- spoken, however, in his appreciation of Gen. Bliss, whom 822 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS he considers one of the greatest strategists of the world war, and avers that two of the greatest decisions of the Supreme Council which contributed so much toward the final military success of the Allies were directly due to Gen, Bliss. These were the forming of the allied general reserve and the TIMOTHY E. DUNNE. Archbishop McHale Council FRANCIS D. HANNA, University Council appointment of Marshal Ferdinand Foch as Commander-in- Chief of the Allied Armies. As indicating the interest attached to his service, it may be pointed out that Mr. Dunne was present when the Ger- mans were handed the peace treaty on May 7, 1919; that he was in the Palace of Versailles on June 28, 1919, when the peace treaty was signed by the Germans, and at St. Germain when the Austrians signed the peace treaty. Incidentally, Mr. Dunne traveled over almost the whole of Europe, including a special visit to Ireland. He viewed at first hand the devastated regions from the North Sea to the Rhine, as well as Germany, Alsace, and the Riviera. WAR WORKERS 823 WAR CHAPLAINS The Catholic chaplain played not only an important but a most interesting part as well in connection with the great world war. Nothing contained in that expression is intended to indicate that the chaplains of every other religious per- suasion played anything other than an important and inter- esting part. The Chaplain General was not a Catholic, but is praised from one end of the world to the other for his fine qualities and his excellent work, and so far as we are aware, nothing but praise is attached to the chaplains of other re- ligious beliefs throughout the world. Plere, however, we are dealing only with the Catholic chaplain. Nor do we attempt to distinguish clearly between the chaplains who were assisted in doing the work their superiors assigned them by Knights of Columbus funds and known as Knights of Columbus chaplains, and chaplains appointed by the United States Government, We feel justi- fied in failing to draw this distinction too clearly by the fact that, so far as we are aware, all the chaplains who served in any capacity from Illinois were members of the Knights of Columbus, and all were closely associated with the Knights of Columbus, assisting them in the efforts they were making for the welfare of the service man. As provided by regulation of the proper Church authori- ties. Right Reverend (afterwards Most Reverend) Patrick J. Hayes of the Archdiocese of New York was made Chap- lain General of the Catholic chaplains. Following out the organization of the work. Right Reverend Msgr. William M. Foley of Chicago was appointed Vicar General to the Chaplain General, and was placed in charge of the chaplains from the states of Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michi- gan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa and l\Iissouri. This organization did not of course take place until some little time after we had entered the war, so for that reason 824 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ^ar Cfjaplmnsi Right Reverend Msgr. William M. Foley, Vicar- General for Chaplains ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO Bergin, Rev. W. J., C. S. V. Bergs, Rev. Fredericli J. Biskup, Rev. Alphonse, O. S. B. Boyle, Rev. Christopher C. Bubacz, Rev. Stanislaus Burke, Rev. Thomas D. Campbell, Rev. John P. Canty, Rev. Thomas A., D. D. Conroy, Rev. Joseph P., S. J. Carboy, William J., S. J. Cummings, Rev. M. A. ' Dankowski. Rev. Ed- ward I. Darche, Rev. Harris A. Donovan, Rev. Cornelius F. Egan, Rev. W. Manuel Frawley, Rev. Lawrence Girard, Rev. Arthur L. Grembowicz, Rev. John Harnill, Ignatius J., S. J. Harmon, Rev. Thomas L. Harrington, Rev. J. M. Hartke. Rev. Leo M. Heeney, Rev. M Joseph Kane, Rev. William, S. Koralewski, Rev. Stanis- laus Kulinski, Rev. Francis la us Jerome, Rev. O. S. B. Lager, Rev. Urban W.. Lauermann, Rev. Joseph -Maguire, B. M., O. S. M. Maguire, Rev. J. W.. C. S. V. Morten. Rev. J. T., 8. J. McCarthy, Rev. (Jeorgc McKeon. Rev. James McNally, Rev. Edward Moisant. Rev. J. F. C. S. V. Moran, Rev. John A. Morrison, Rev. Sidney J. Murphy, Rev. F. P. Murphy, Rev. William A., D.D. Nealis, Rev. Martin J. O'Donnell, Rev. John L. O'Hearn, Rev. John J. Retzek, Rev. Henry Rice, Rev. E. F. Rupprechter, Rev. Max M. Savery, Rev. A. J. Schiller, Rev. John Schuetz, Rev. Charles, S. J. Scitz, Rev. J. Shiel, Rev. B. J. Simon i, Rev. Aristeo, C. R. Spalding, Rev. Henrv A., S. J. Stephenson, Rev. Wil- liam J. Tarskey, Rev. B. Wunder, Rev. G. J. Zenisch, Rev. C. DIOCESE OF BELLE- VILLE Babst, Rev. Julius J. Chuse, Rev. Emil Seifert, Rev. Charles J. Unterkoefler, Rev. Gus- tav V. rHOCESE OF ROCK- FORD Lonergan, Rev. J. M. J. McGuire, Rev. William M. Scollin, Rev. W. J. Whelan, Rev. J. H. DIOCESE OF PEORIA Higgins, Rev. Clarence J. Kangley, Rev. Joseph M. Libert, Rev. Lucien G. Monaghan, Rev. D. F. O'Connor, Rev. Louis M. Walsh, Rev. Francis E. DIOCESE OF ALTON Brodmann, Rev. EJd- mund A. Connelly, Rev. John J. Divernon, Rev. Joseph Doyle, Rev. Daniel Dunne, Rev. James Flori, Rev. Charles J. Fox, Rev. Peter Ginsti, Rev. Amos Munday, Rev. .Joseph P., D.D. WAR WORKERS 825 REV. CAPTAIN GEORGE T. MCCARTHY, Senior Chaplain. 7th Division, A. E. F. it will be seen that some of our chaplains were in the service before that time. It is regrettable that we are unable to detail at the 826 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS length merited the labors of each of the chaplains from Illi- nois. There were some eighty-one in all, but the few that we are able to speak of authoritatively are in reality but prototypes of the others and their experiences are somewhat similar. As indicating the general trend of the chaplains' work, the following notes from Reverend John L. O'Dounell are here reproduced : "My regiment, the 132nd Infantry, arrived at the port of Brest in France on May 24, 1918, on board the Mt. Vernon. Left Brest on the 26th, and after a few short stops went into camp in Moliens au Bois (Somme) on June 10th. ' ' Fi-om then on we were in the front line^ except for the few days required to move from front to front, until and including the 11th of November, the day of the signing of the armistice. "During all of this period, the period of hostilities, I was the only chaplain of any kind with the regiment, with the excei^tion of two or three weeks when we had with us a non-Catholic chaplain, who weak- ened under the strain and was evacuated to a hospital. He never returned to us. ' ' During our stay on the Somme with the British from June the fol- lowing will give you an idea of the difficulty I had in caring properly for my men, approximately 2,000 of whom were Catholics. "Moliens au Bois was our regimental base. We began by sending one battalion into the line, immediately in front of Albert, on the Albert-Amiens road. A battalion remained in the front lines from four days to a week, the balance of the regiment remaining in Moliens Woods, subject to air raids and bombing every night. I accompanied the battalion in line, and was able to care for aU the wounded. On Saturday afternoons I would return to the base in the woods, hear the confessions of the men there and say Mass on Sun- day morning and give Holy Communion, returning immediately after to the men in the line. It was not long, however, until two or more of my battalions were sent into the line at the same time — one on the right of the Albert-Amiens road and the other one or two on the left — and on occasions some distance away. Then it was that my troubles began. It was impossible to give as much care to any one battalion as I wished. I would remain with the first battalion for a time and then go to the second or third to find on arriving there that since my last visit, which probably was the night before or the early WAR WORKERS 827 morning, that some of my men had come in wounded and had died. "I would make my rounds through the trenches, and care for any wounded who might be in the E. A. P. (Eegimental Aid Post) or who might come in while I was there, and then proceed to another unit of my regiment and repeat the procedure. Had there been a central dressing station, through which the wounded of all my bat- talions passed, matters would have been facilitated, but there was none. We were so located and scattered that no two battalions cleared through the same dressing station. Had there been at least one more priest in my regiment, my worries would have been less. The loss of rest and sleep was not a source of worry, as it was my duty to give all I had. During our stay on the Somme front, which was from the first of June until the nineteenth of August, I managed to give Holy Communion to, on an average of 400 men a week, and heard confessions and gave absolution, in particular or in general as the occasion or time demanded, every day. "On August 19th, the regiment was transferred from the British to the American Sector and was attached to the 2nd French Army, and occupied the trenches on the famous battlefields of Mort Homme, in front of Verdun. It was at Mort Homme, or Dead Man's Hill, that one million lives were lost. Command of the Mort Homme Sector passed to us on the morning of Sept. 10th. Then the whole regiment was in an unbroken line and it was comparatively easy to sec all of the men every day by companies. "On the morning of Sept. 26th, the day on which the last general attack was launched against the enemy, extending from Metz to the North Sea, our regiment was on the extreme right of the entire line of advance, resting against the west bank of the Meuse. It was the pivot for the general advance, which was to swing to the north and to drive the enemy off the west bank of the Meuse. "From then (Sept. 26th) until Nov. 11th, we were either holding lines or making advances, and suffered casualties daily. "On the morning of the eleventh of November part of the regi- ment, in co-operation with other troops of the 66th Brigade, deliv- ered a successful attack on the town of Buttneville, at the same time the remainder of the regiment participated in the attack on Bois de Worville. The resistance on the morning of Nov. 11th was stubborn and continued until the wireless flashed the news at 10:30 that the Armistice had been signed. "It became our duty, with the cessation of hostilities, to care for released prisoners of war turned loose by the German retreat to the 828 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS REV. CAPTAIN THOS. L. HARMON, Senior Chaplain, 86th Division, with 357th and 360th Infantry In France Rhine. We remained in the Troyon Sector until Dec, 7th, when we started our march to Germany. We reached Saarburg, Germany, on Dec. 15th, remained in this neighborhood a few days, then left for WAR WORKERS 829 the state of Luxembourg, where we were stationed as part of the Army of Occupation, occupying fourteen to sixteen towns, until we left for the port of embarkation on April 25th, 1919. "During the period of hostilities the regiment never occupied a rest area as such. On our move from the Somme to Verdun, we stopped over at the towns of Resson and Culey for a week, and dur- ing that period about seventy-five or eighty of the men received Holy Communion each day. "I feel safe in saying that none of my men were killed in action or died in dressing stations without at least having received the Sac- rament of Penance. They were all well instructed as to general abso- lution and its obligations. ' ' Colonel Abel Davis, the commanding officer of the regiment, not only did not restrict me to the priviliges guaranteed by army regu- lations and special orders, but extended to me every means at his command, in order to help me in my spiritual work. "During the training period in Camp Logan, Tex., and in France until after the Armistice, I was the sole Catholic Chaplain in the 66th Brigade, which consisted of the 131st Infantry, 132nd Infantry and the 124th Machine Gun Battalion. "The casualty list of the 132nd Infantry contains the names of ten officers and 240 men killed in action and 30 officers and 2,000 men wounded." Upon the organization of the American Legion, Father O'Donnell was chosen Chaplain of the Department of TlHiiois. and has continued in that capacity to the present. Some of the honors conferred upon Chaplain O'Donnell were: For gallantry at Bois de Foret, on October 6, 1!)1H. inscribed on the Roll of Honor of the Prairie Division, Major General George Bell, Jr., Commander. G. H. Q., American Expeditionary Forces, U. S. Army, First Lieutenant John L. O'Donnell, Chaplain 132nd Inf., for exceptional and distinguished gallantry at Bois de Foret, 6-10 October, 1918, in the operations of the American Expe- ditionary Forces, in testimony thereof and as an expression of appreciation of his valor, awarded 27th March, 1919. (Signed) JOHN J. PERSIHNG, Commander-in-Chief. 830 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The citation accompanying the Distinguished Service Medal reads: "For exceptional and distinguished services as regimental chaplain. He was ceaseless in his efforts to better the welfare of the men, and during the period of operations accompanied the attacking waves in every action in which the regiment took part, exposing himself to artillery Chaplain, Rev. Arthur L. Girard, Administering Holy Communion Back of Allied Lines During the Fighting and machine gun fire to care personally for the wounded, organizing parties of stretcher bearers, going without a thought of personal danger wherever he was needed, he set an example of courage and heroism appreciably raising the morale of those with whom and for whom he worked." A report of Colonel Abel Davis, commanding the 132nd Infantry, 33rd Division, A. E. F., refers to Father O'Don- nell's services as follows: WAR WORKERS 831 REV. CAPTAIN JOHN L. O'DONNET.L, Chaplain, 132d Infantry "First Lieut. John L. O'Donnell is a Catholic Priest and our Regimental Chaplain. During all of our operations he considered the battlefield his proper station. There he con- 832 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS cerned himself with the work of the stretcher bearers and first aid to the wounded. He was with the First Battalion during the attack at Bois de Foret and was with the first wave when the objective was reached. In the action at Bois de Foret he accompanied the 3rd Battalion, and displayed particular heroism in personally caring for the wounded, in organizing the stretcher bearers in moving about in the front lines, encouraging the men in their efforts and inspir- ing them to deeds of valor by his own courage and bravery. When a gas attack came on October 10th, 1918, at Bois de Foret, and a number of gas shells were dropping, causing many casualties, he remained at his work after he was gassed himself. He refused to leave the line until exhausted, when he was evacuated to a hospital." One of the most distinguished of the Catholic chaplains from Illinois was Eeverend George T. McCarthy, who at- tained the rank of captain and became Senior Chaplain of the Seventh Division, A. E. F., and also Division Burial officer. Father McCarthy entered the service June 1, 1918, as First Lieutenant in the U. S. Army and served at Camp Dodge, Iowa, and in New York, New Jersey, France, Luxemberg and Germany. While in the service he was wounded twice. His right arm was broken by shell fire October 10, 1918, at Vielle-en- Haye, France. He was gassed in Boix-la-Petre, France, October 13, 1918, and contracted the flu near Gorz, Ger- many, January 15, 1919. Chaplain McCarthy was also cited before Metz by the French in Boix-la-Pretre, October 30, 1918, decorated by Colonel Leconde, and awarded war cross without palm. Bishop Brent, Senior Chaplain of the A. E. F., conferred the church war cross on Chaplain McCarthy December 1, 1918. for services under fire at Rembercour, November 10, 1918. Chaplain McCarthy was the only pastor of the archdiocese of Chicago that became a war chaplain, and was the only WAR WORKERS 833 CAPTAIN REV. HARRIS A. DARCH. Overseas Chaplain priest to become a senier chaplain from the archdiocese of Chicago. As has been noted elsewhere, Father McCarthy wrote 834 KNIGHTS OP COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS an able book dealing with war service under the title, "The Greater Love, ' ' which in itself is an excellent exposition of the chaplain's work. Father McCarthy is a native of Grand Haven, Mich., where he was born December 1, 1876, and was pastor of Ascension Church at Harvey, Illinois, when he was appointed chaplain. At the invitations of Archbishops Patrick J, Hayes and George W. Mundelein, he volunteered to remain in the service after the war was over, and served at Fort Sheridan and Great Lakes until April 1, 1921, being on duty during the "flu-' epidemic of 1919 and the small-pox epidemic at Great Lakes during 1920. In April, 1921, he was appointed pastor of St, JMargaret Mary's^ew parish, Chicago. Reverend Harris A. Darche, another of the distinguished war chaplains, entered the service in the U. S. Navy, August 27, 1917 ; was assigned as Chaplain of the Sixth U. S. Marines and served Avith that organization at Camp Quantico, Va., and also in France at Verdun, Belleau Wood and Soissons battles. From October 1, 1917, he was Chaplain in charge of Armj' Schools in Langres. December 1st to April, 1919, he was with the Army of Occupation in Germany, being with the Second Division of the Sixth Marines. From August 1, 1919, to October 30, 1920, he served as Chaplain of the U. S. Ship Kansas ; was discharged from the Navy in November, 1920. Father Darche held the rank of Lieutenant (Junior grade), U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps. He was gassed July 19, 1918, at the battle of Soissons. Chaplain Darche received the following decorations : Le- gion of Honor, Croix de Guerre wdth palm. Distinguished Cross of the Navy, French Fourragere, and two other cita- tions. His service was unique in that he served in the Navy, in the Marines, and under Armv command. On June 26, WAR WORKERS 835 CAPTAIN REV. EDWARD FRANCIS RICE 1918, he was reported as having- been killed at Belleau Wood. The Sixth Marines were recruited from all parts of the 836 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS United States, and of the regiment one-third were Catholics. While Father Darche was on the battleship Kansas he crossed to Panama, Hawaiian Islands, Seattle, San Fran- cisco, San Pedro, Los Angeles and Cuba, the crnise extending from May 17, 1920, to December 5, 1920. Father Darche was born June 8, 1888, at Bourbonnais, 111.; graduated from St. Viator's College, Kankakee, in 1909; was ordained a priest June 1, 1912, and assigned as curate to Notre Dame Church in Chicago, where he served until he was commissioned as Chaplain in the Navy. He is at present assistant at Immaculate Conception Church, Chicago. Reverend Julius Babst carried home from the war an unusual number of citations and decorations. Father Babst was Chaplain of the 23rd Infantry, 2nd Division, U. S. A., A. E. F. Chaplain Babst received five citations for distin- guished service, namely : The American Distinguished Serv- ice Cross with bar (oak leaf), French Croix de Guerre with palm, French Croix de Guerre with gold star. Honorable Mention in General Orders. In Belleau Wood he received the American Distinguished Service Cross and the Cross with palm, June 6 and 7, 1918. At Blanc-Mont Ridge he received the French Cross with gold star, October 6, 1918. On the same day he received a wound stripe. Chaplain Babst was engaged in the following battles in 1918 : March 12th and 14th, Verdun and Toul-Troyon Sec- tors ; May 31st to July 20th, Chateau Thierry Sector North- west ; July 18th and 20th, Soissons Sector during the Ma- rines' counter-offensive; August 9th to 24th, Marbache; Sep- tember 9th to 16th, in the St. Mihiel Sector; September 20th to October 9th, in the Blanc Mont Sector during the Cham- pagne defense. He was wounded October 6, 1918, and after convales- cence joined his regiment December 15th, on the east side of the Rhine in Germany with the Army of Occupation. He returned to the United States on August 4, 1919. WAR WORKERS 837 Chaplain Babst was born and raised in Sts. Peter and Paul's Parish, Naperville, 111.; educated at St. Francis' Semi- nary ; ordained at Holy Name Cathedral April 29, 1905, and first located in Naperville. He is at present a chaplain at Fort Logan Recruit Depot, Fort Logan, Colo. Rev. Sidney J. Morrison saw a great deal of service as War Chaplain. He was in the active service three years. Father Morrison was stationed at Rimicourt Base Hospital, France and at La Havre. Li both places and in all his work he won distinction and the lasting esteem of all the men in the service with whom he came in contact. Since ordination Father Morrison has officiated as assist- ant pastor at the churches of Our Lady of Good Counsel, St. James, Visitation and St. Catherine's, leaving the latter to take charge of St. Bartholomew's church, one of the progres- sive parishes on the North Side. Father Morrison was a pioneer member of Marquette Coun- cil, and was one of the organizers of LaSalle General Assembly, Fourth Degree, which he served as chaplain for eight years. In his younger days Father Morrison was for many yeare active in semi-pro baseball in Chicago. A cut of this active clergyman will be found on page 480. Reverend Daniel F. Monaghan, located at Keithsburg, 111., was appointed to the service February 17, 1918, and entered upon his duties at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, serving with the Atlantic Fleet for sixteen months and witli the Destroyer Flotilla of tlie Pacific Fleet eighteen months. He became Lieutenant, Junior grade, of the U. S. Navy. Reverend William M. McGuire, pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Apple River, 111., was first assigned to the 34th Infantry, 86th Division, in August, 1918, and at the time that regiment departed from Camp Grant. His regiment remained in Camp Upton about two Aveeks, when they went forward by way of England. Father McGuire gives a very 838 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS satisfactory account of what he noted of the Knights of Columbus' service as follows: "St. Joseph's Church, Apple River, III "I was assigned to the 341st Infantry, 86th Division, in Augiii-I 1918, at the time of the departure of said regiment from Camp Grant We remained at Camp Upton about two weeks. While there the soldiers received from the K. of C. a cordial welcome in the K. of C. huts, entertainments, assistance in exchanging money for use overseas, unlimited writing paper. This in contrast to Y. M. C. A., which gave only two sheets of paper and one envelope at a time. The K. of C. huts were also used by chaplains and soldiers for daily and Sunday masses and for confessions. The huts were of great assistance in that they furnished facilities for Catholic soldiers to coufess and receive Holy Communion before departure for overseas. The major- ity of Catholics availed themselves of this opportunity. On the ship to England we received no service from the K. of C. "While at Knotty Ash Camps, near Liverpool, England, we found the K. of C. unable to do much for want of proper buildings. "When we arrived in our first trainiug area in southern France we actually received from the K. of C. only those articles which tlie chaplain himself secured from K. of C. headquarters, St. Catherine. St. Bordeaux. These articles were badly needed and greatly appre- ciated. They consisted of baseljall and football equipment and boxing gloves. Generous supplies of writing material were also secured. From the Y. M. C. A. we received only a little st.ntinnery and generous 2)romises of future assistance. "When our division was broken up I was assigned to Base Hos- pital No. 6, located at Talence, pre Bordeaux, Gironde. Twice K. of C. chaplains assisted me in hearing confessions. Weekly visits were made to the four thousand patients by two K. of C. welfare workers from Bordeaux headquarters. They brought good cheer and an understanding practical sympathy in addition to the bodily com- forts they dispensed. These comforts consisted of candies, tobacco and pipes, cigarettes, shaving brushes, tooth brushes and tooth pastes, etc., which were distributed in the wards visited. For Catholics they had prayer books, rosaries, scapulars and New Testaments. The vis- iting K. of C. workers also performed many errands in Bordeaux for wounded soldiers. They gave the chaplain some supplies to distribute in their name in answer to special requests or needs. For example, I was able to give religious articles to the one hundred and fifty odd WAK WORKERS 839 REV. CArTAIN ARXnUR I.. (ilRARP Chaplain, 108th Sanitaiy Train, 3:^irt Division, at Home and Abroad soldiers daily discharged and ordered back to the front via replace- ment camps. "The work at the hospital by Judge , of In- 840 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS diana (Mr. Hoffman knows his name and home address), and Mr. Leary, deserves praise and appreciation in my humble opinion. Espe- cially deserving was their dispensing of comforts to trainloads of wounded soldiers upon arrival in Bordeaux, as also to those returning home by ship. "While on the ship homeward bound a K. of C. worker from De- troit was tireless in his efforts for the welfare of the soldiers and sailors. He had generous supplies of comforts. He gave movie shows frequently and arranged all boxing bouts. His work was loudly cheered by all on board as we docked at Hoboken. "I will gladly answer further communications from you. "Yours very truly, "WM. M. McGUIRE, Pastor." (Formerly U. S. Chaplain 341st Infantry.) Reverend Lueien G. Libert was one of the first Catholic priests in Illinois to enlist as a Knights of Columbus Chaplain, Father Libert was in charge of the parishes of Martinton and Papineau of the Peoria Diocese when the war broke out. He tried to get into the service of Belgium, but was rejected because of age. When the LTnited States came into the war he immediately became a Chaplain in the Knights of Columbus service. Chaplain Libert served with the 26th Division, 101st En- gineers, from June 13, 1918, until April 18, 1919, and was wounded in the service. After returning to the United States, Father Libert was stationed at Clifton, 111., where he died December 5, 1920. Besides a very large number of distinguished clergymen of the Peoria Diocese, the funeral Mass and services were at- tended by Right Reverend Msgr. Wm. A. Foley, Chaplain Vicar General of Most Reverend Patrick J. Hayes. Reverend Joseph B. Lauermann entered the service Au- gust 23, 1918, at Camp Taylor, Ky., and went over with the 146th Infantry. From the 1st to the 11th of November, 1918, he was in the Ypres-Lys offensive with that regiment. From March, 1919, to June, 1919, he was with United States troops at Dizier, France ; from June, 1919, to September, 1919, with WAR WORKERS 841 REV. CAPTAIN JULIUS J. BABST. Chaplain, 23rd Infantry, 2nd Division, A. E. F. M. R. U., 310 M. T. C, in Coblenz, Germany ; demobilized at Camp Grant, 111., October 19, 1919. Father Lauermann held the rank of Lieutenant. 842 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS He was born at AVilmette, 111., February 26, 1884, and received his early education at St. Joseph's parochial school; his college training at St. Francis' Seminary; his philosophy and theology at St. Paul Seminary; ordained priest June 13, 1908, and has been assistant pastor at St. Benedict's and St, Philomena 's, Chicago, 111. After the war he was assigned to the pastorate of St. Joseph's Church at Waukegan, 111.. October 12, 1919. Reverend William A. Murphy, D.D., was the first chap- lain appointed by His Grace, Most Reverend George W. Mnn- delein, D. D., to the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, and it Avas Father Murphy who organized the great work accomplished there. Under his direction a little chapel was constructed under the patronage of Our Lady of the Lakes and dedicated October 13, 1918. In recognition of his great work there, Father Murphy was assigned to overseas duty and left Chicago for France on October 15, 1918. The duties of the domestic chaplains while not so stren- uous in some cases as those of the overseas chaplains who served in the war sectors, at least were undoubtedly of great importance. While several of the domestic chaplains served in the camps in Illinois, there were also several who were sent to other camps and fields. From Camp Grant, Reverend Thomas L. Harmon was assigned to the 344th Infantry, and served abroad; Reverend Francis Kulinski was assigned to the 343rd Infantry; Rev- erend Alois Zinger was assigned to the 341st Infantry; Rev- erend A. W. Center was assigned to the 332nd Field Artillery. The Post Chaplain at Camp Grant was Reverend Joseph M. Lonergan. The story of the Camp Grant chaplains as well as of those at Fort Sheridan has been told in other chapters. Among the domestic chaplains was Reverend Walter J. Scollin of Rockford, who was commissioned as First Lieu- tenant in the U. S. Chaplain Service, June 24, 1918. He WAR WORKERS 843 REV. CAPTAIN JOHN J. O'HEARN, Chaplain, lOSth Trains, Overseas reported at Camp Custer, Mich., and was transferred to the Stli Division, Camp Tremont, Calif., August 11, 1918. There he was assigned to the 22nd Macliine Cnn Battalion and fol- 844 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS lowed this division to Camp Mills, long Island, in October. The signing of the Armistice prevented the 22nd Machine Gun Battalion from going overseas, and Father ScoUin ac- companied that battalion to Camp Lee, Va. He then volun- teered for transport diTty and remained in that branch of the service from January to March, 1919, when he was trans- ferred to Camp Shelby, Miss., remaining there until that camp was about to be abandoned, when he was assigned to Camp Knox, Ky., where he was discharged July 15, 1919. In Camp Custer and Camp Lee the educational work was in charge of the chaplains, and Father Scollin did excellent work there. Speaking of the Knights of Columbus, Chaplain Scollin says : "While no word of praise is needed from me, I am happy to be able to commend the work of the Knights of Columbus in the various camps in which duty called me to serve. Their work, certainly an in- spired one, wisely conceived by the leaders, was ably carried out by a fine body of Catholic young men. We all know the immediate and happy results. But for years to come, the countrj^, the Knights of Columbus and the Church will be reaping the fruits of the unique and excellent work of the Knights during and since the war. ' ' Father Scollin is located at Rockford, 111. Reverend Gustav H. Unterkoefler of East St. Louis was appointed with the approval of Right Reverend Henry Alt- hotf, D.D., Bishop of Belleville, and on consent of the War Department, as Post Chaplain of Scott Field, Avia, 111., on June 12, 1917, and served in that capacity until August 1, 1918, when he was commissioned as First Lieutenant in the U. S. Chaplain Service and transferred to Fort Ontario, N. Y., General Hospital No. 5, where he received the rank of Cap- tain and served until May 23, 1919, when he was honorably discharged. Father Unterkoefler still retains the rank of Captain in the Reserve Corps. During service his duties included those of chaplain, prison officer, post censor, librarian, athletic officer, general WAR WORKERS 845 REV. MAJOR JCJSEPH M. KANGLEY, Chaplain in Several Camps at Home and Abroad and in Base Section No. 5, Bre.st manager of the Ontario Post, a paper published by tlie boys of the war. He had the i:>leasure and distinction also of per- 846 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS forming- the marriage ceremony of Colonel Henry Denny Thomason and Miss Adeline Louise O'Connor. Reverend Henry Retzek was appointed First Lieutenant in the U. S. Chaplain Service and entered active duty March 2, 1918, at Camp Pike, Ark., and for two years was in the base hospital there in care of German prisoners of war. The tluties devolved upon Father Retzek of not only attending many sick and dying, but of taking care of their relatives, a task that was made less difficult later on when hostess )iouses were provided. Father Retzek was the sole chaplain at the base hospital, with about 3,500 sick present. On May 2, 1918, he arrived off Cape Fear to serve in the Coast Defense, to which he was transferred at Fort Caswell. Southport, N. C. Here, with another chaplain, Father Lan- non, his task was to care for about fifty Catholics among a force of 3,000. Father Laiinou soon left, and Father Retzek was agaiji sole chaplain. Anti-Catholic bias was very notice- able here. From this point Father Retzek sailed with the Sixtli Trench Mortar Battalion C. A. C. for France by way of Camp iMerritt and New York Harbor on the Aquitania to Brest and from Blest to the front, arriving at the front just as the Armisiite was signed. Father Retzek was now detached and sent to the Replacement Depot at Lemans, and from Lemans to sei vice in the intermediate section in order to give Ger- man prisoners a chance to make their Easter duty. From this point Father Retzek was sent to the Army of Occupation in Germany, with service in Coblenz and Trier. He returned to the United States on the Leviathan and was discharged from Camp Dix July 8, 1918. Speaking of the Knights of Columbus, Father Retzek says : "In Camp Merritt they did very good work to us uiid our battalion in many ways, and those men are to be congratulated. They were very good also at Coblenz and Trier." WAR WORKERS 847 REV. LIEUT. JOSEPH P. MUNDAY They were all right in quality but short in quantity at other points where Father Retzek touched. Father Rotzek is a native of St. Boniface Parish, Chi- 848 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS cago; born August 7, 1891, attended school in St. Boniface's parochial school until his fourteenth year, when he entered St. Francis Seminar.y, St. Francis, Wis., and stayed there for the full course of ten years. He was ordained on the 29th of May, 1915, for the Archdiocese of Chicago. Since returning from the war. Father Retzek was assistant at Our Lady of Victory Church, Chicago, and then transferred to St. Joseph's at AVilmette. Rev. Joseph M. Kangley, who attained the rank of Ma,jor with the United States Army, entered the service in October, 1912, and has since remained with the AVar Department. He served at Fort Washington, Md., Ft. Scriven. Ga., Ft. Mills in the Philippine Islands, and Ft. Williams, Me. He was recommended for the Distinguished Service Medal, the French Legion of Honor, and the French Epidemic Medal. Major Kangley 's greatest work was in Base Section No. 5, which included the Departments of Finistere, Cotes-du-Nord, Manche and Ille-et-Vilaine, France, with headquarters in the city of Brest. As chaplain in charge of the religious activities and gen- eral supervisor of the religious M'ork of all welfare organi- zations in this base, he had charge of the largest cosmopoli- tan parish in the world, embracing men of all creeds, races and colors. Under his direct supervision were army chap- lains of all churches — Catholic, Jewish, Presbyterian, Episco- palian, Baptist. IMethodist, Christian Science, Disciples of Christ, Mormon, Lutheran, Congregationalists and others ; chaplains who spoke many diverse tongues, as Chinese, French, Polish, Bohemian, Slovak, Italian, Spanish, Russian, German and others. During the great movement of troops and the arrival of eonvo.ys from the States, there were at times 125,000 men stationed in and around the city of Brest. It was Chai)lain Kangley 's duty to provide church services for this great body of men, and to so dispose the chaplains under him that men of all religious would be furnished with WAR WORKERS 849 the spiritual ministrations of the ministers of their own churches. This indefatigable worker was ordered to Brest in Octo- ber, 1918, w^hen the influenza broke out among the American troops. The following from the historical records of Base Section No. 5 will give an idea of Father Kangley's labors in this connection : "The ceaseless messages ami phone calls for a Catholic chaplain, compelled Chaplain J. M. Kangley, the Catholic chaplain, to work unceasingly day and night for over one week, with little rest or sleep. Transportation facilities were not of the best, and thus the difficulty of getting from one hospital to another increased the strain and work. "At night the burial of the dead took place, and both chaplains, J. E. Yates (Protestant) and J. M. Kangley (Catholic), were present every night, checking the names, identifying the bodies and assisting and placing them in the trenches and graves. "The weather Avas most disagreeable during the epidemic, as it rained day and night, making the task of burying most difficult and trying. "Because of the high rate of mortality, necessitating the burial of a great number of bodies each night— one night the number reach- ing 238— the most extraordinary vigilance had to be exercised in the checking and identification of the bodies. "During the epidemic, Chaplain Kangley was the only Catholic army chaplain in Base Section No. 5, and he administered the sacra- ments to thousands and thousands of our Catholic boys, in one month laying to rest at least 1,600 of our soldiers. He was given valuable assistance by General Secretary William O'Neill of the Knights of Columbus Headquarters at Brest." Chaplain Kangley is a priest of the Peoria diocese, and as a young man before being ordained was very popular in Knights of Columbus circles. Those who were acquainted with the activities of the Chapter in early days will remem- ber that he was a representative from Leo XIII Council, and became temporary Secretary of the Chapter. Rev. Thomas L. Harmon saw much service as a chaplam during tlie war period. He was the first chaplain sent to 850 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Camp Grant l)y Archbishop :\Iimdelein and served there as a volunteer during Jnne and July. 1917. On September 19, 1917, he was appointed a United States Ai-niy Chaplain direct by the Secretary of State, with the REV LIEUT. JOHN GREM- BOWICZ. REV LIEUT. JOSEPH B. LAUER- MANN, Chaplain, 331st Machine Gun Bat- talion, Camp Grant. Santa Marie Council Chaplain. 146th Infanty. A. E. F. rank of lieutenant. Following his appointment he entered the service as Senior Chaplain of the 86th Division Septem- ber 23, 1917, and was assigned to the 344th Infantry, In February, 1918, he was ordered on overseas duty with the 90th Division (Texas and Oklahoma troops) and was Chaplain of the division trains until August, 1918, and from WAR WORKERS 851 that time until the Armistice was with the 360th and 357th Infantry in France. He served at the front in tlie St. Mihiel drive and in the Mease-Argonne, being- on the tiring line seventy-four days continuously M'ithout relief. He was wounded on October 28, 1918, in the Meuse-Argonne near Bantheville. Father Harmon was cited for bravery in burying the dead on the firing line under constant shell tire at St. Mihid September 13, 1918, and again on November 2, 1918, in the Meuse-Argonne. He was decorated by the French govern- ment — Croix de Guerre with palm — for bravery in action and cai'e of wounded. While with the 344th Infantry at Camp Grant Father Harmon had over 1,800 Catholic men, all from Chicago, in his regiment. Over 75 per cent of the men in this regiment when well-drilled and trained were sent in January to fill up other divisions. In P^ebruary. 1918, Father Harmon wrote the Adjutant General at Washington asking for overseas duty and within three days was ordered overseas. At the front i]i France his regiment was 95 per cent iion-Catholic. During the occupation in Germany he was the only priest with the division for over two montlis. Ho traveled hundreds of miles and visited fifty German towns where our men were billeted to hear the confessions of the Catholic soldiers and gave them an opportunity to make their Easter Duty. While serving at the front in St. ]\Iihiel and the Meuse- Argonne he buried on the firing line where they fell over two hundred of our men. It was impossible for the chap- lains to bury all the dead and Quartermaster's men a.ssisted. Three of our chaplains of the 90th Division were killed in action. Chaplain Doyle, a Franciscan sent to Father Harmon by the Chief of Staff, Col. :\Iurphy, died of exposure in the St. Mihiel Sector, September 22. Chaplain Priest, a 852 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Presbyterian minister was mortally wounded in the Meuse- Argonne October 29, and died shortly after, Father Harmon remained with him until his death. Chaplain Magee was fatally wounded the same day while caring for the dying. Father Harmon gave Father Magee the last Sacraments shortly after his fatality. During Father Harmon's period of service overseas sev- eral prominent officers were connected with the 90th Division. Maj. Gen. William H. Johnson in charge of the 179th Brigade in which Father Harmon served was one of these. While in a sector back of the lines he assisted at Father Harmon's Mass daily and always received Holy Communion. Brigadier General J. P. O'Neil and Colonels Edmund Leary and E. V. D. Murphy were proud of their religion. On the eve of the second great American drive, the Meuse- Argonne, Father Harmon heard the confessions of a number of the men in a dugout. Amongst them was Lt. James Brophy of Austin with D company, 360th Infantry. On the follow- ing morning, while at the head of his company leading a charge, he fell mortally wounded. In memory of his bravery and sacrifice a post of the American Legion has been named James G. Brophy Post, 195. After the Armistice Father Harmon was with the 90th Division in the Army of Occupation in Germany from Novem- ber 25, 1918, to June 6, 1919. He was promoted to the rank of Captain in May, 1919, and upon his return to the United States was honorably discharged from the service on June 25, 1919. Father Harmon was born at Jacksonville, Illinois, Febru- ary 29, 1876. He was educated at St. Mary's College and University. 'He made his theological course at the Kenrick Seminary, St. Louis, and was ordained in June, 1901. After ordination he became Assistant Pastor at St. James's church, Rockford, and at All Saints and Annunciation parishes, Chi- cago. He was State President of the Catholic Total Absti- WAR WORKERS 853 nence Union of Illinois for two years, and National President of the Father Matthew League for two terms. He was also the founder of the Catholic Boys' C*amp movement. Father Harmon is of a distinguished family His grand- REV. CAPTAIN GUSTAV H. UNTERHOEFLER, Chaplain, Scott Field and Fort Ontario KEy. LIEUT. IIENKY KETZEK, Chaplain at Camp Pike and Abroad father was Samuel Armstrong, a captain in the English army in India. His maternal uncle was Col. William Armstrong of the Civil War and was killed at the battle of Shiloh. His father, Thomas Harmon, was a veteran of the Civil War and his brother. Major A. J. Harmon, U. S. A., retired, is a veteran of the Spanish American and Philippine wai-s. Captain Chaplain Harmon was appointed pastor of St. 854 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Barbara's parish, Brookfield, Illinois in 1920 and is doing splendid work there. Rev, Charles J. Flori of Paloma, Illinois, was duly selected as a war chaplain but the war ended before he was assigned to duty. Rev. John Joseph Connolly, assistant pastor at the church of the Immaculate Conception at Springfield, Illinois, was appointed United States Army Chaplain in July, 1918. He served at Camp Taylor, Louisville, Kentucky, and at Camp Grant, Illinois. He held the rank of First Lieutenant. After his discliarge Father Connolly was appointed pastor of St. Charles Church, Charleston, Illinois. Rev. Francis E. Walsh of Toluca, Illinois, was appointed Chaplain in the United States Army, by Secretary of War Baker on August 5, 1918, with the rank of First Lieutenant and served until the close of the war at Camp Grant, Illinois. His most difficult and distressing work was in the hospitals during the epidemic of influenza. Father Walsh is Pastor of St. Anne's Church, Toluca, Illinois, and is a member of Spalding Council, No. 427, Knights of Columbus at Peoria. Rev. Amos Ginsti of Waverly, Illinois, was appointed a C'haplain in the United States Army and was accepted by Archbishop Hayes, but the Armistice was signed before he was called. Rev. Martin eloseph Nealis of Joliet, Illinois, was appointed Chaplain in the United States Army, August 5, 1918, and entered the service August 16, 1918, at Camp Pike, Arkansas. He held the rank of First Lieutenant. In 1919 he was com- missioned chaplain in the Officers Reserve Corps. After the war he was appointed Assistant Pastor of Sacred Heart Church, Joliet, Illinois. Rev. Lawrence W. Frawley of Chicago was appointed Chaplain in the United States Army on July 30, 1918. On July 31 he was assigned to Ellington Field, Texas, as post WAR WORKERS 855 (,'haplain. On Au<>ust 31, ho became regimental Chaplain of the 80th Infantry, Fifteenth Division at Camji Lopran where he labored until liis discharge, Jainiary 22, 191!). Father Frawley held the rank of Fii-st Lieutenant in the army and holds the same rank in the Officers Reserve Corps. Rev. Arthur L. Girard was born in Holy Name Parish, Chicago, October 16, 1882. He was educated in the parociiial [ ^^ REV. LIEUT. FRANCIS E. WALSH. Toluca, 111., Chaplain at Camp Grant REV. LIEUT. AV.\L- TKR .1. SCOLLIN. Rockford, 111., Chaplain on Transpoi't Duty REV. LIEUT. JOHX J. CONNOLLY, Springfield, 111.. Chap- l:nii. Camp (JraiU. schools, St. Viator's College, Bourbonnais, Illinois, Univer- sity of Chicago. Joliette College and Laval University, Can- ada. He w^as ordained in Chicago by Rt. Rev. Peter J. ]\Iul- (loon, September 5, 190S, served as curate in French parishes of St. John the Baptist and St. Jo.se])h "s, Chicago, until .lanu- ary 24, 1918, when he was commissioned Chaplain in the United States Army as First Lieutenant. He was assigned to 108th Sanitary Train, 33rd Division, a1 Camp Logan. Texas, and served there and at Fort Monroe, Virginia, until May 15th, 1918, when he embarked for overseas on June .'.rd. landing at Liverpool June 16th. 1918. On June ISth lie crossed the channel to Le Havre, France. Four days thrican I-e,gion. How do you like it? (The poem is then given.) "From the standpoint of art, the vers "s seem to meet with the requirements that existed in the days of Whittier, before it became the fashion to jazz our poetry. The sentiment is big enough and liroad enough to serve in a national sense. That at the dedication of n Kiilitary organization it raised a plea for peace will please the ever 859 860 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS country, organized into an army, and experienced varying degrees of war service. They were still in the service of their country, and for the present marking time until the results of the quickly organized peace conference could be promulgated. Many of these young champions of liberty were still in the camps and cantonments of the world, and obviously could not be abandoned. Others were sick or disabled, and needed the fostering care and the friendly counsel of those who had watched over their welfare. As time passed, too, the service men returned to civil life and needed assistance in securing employment. Excellent results obtained in schools or classes organized in the camps during the war quite naturally suggested the continuation of edu- cational efforts for the service men after the war, and the Knights of Columbus promptly entered this field, and, in fact, made it their leading post-war work. As the war progressed the necessity for effective organi- zation of all welfare endeavor became apparent, and, accord- ingly, both the foreign and domestic service was completely growing- nuiltitiide who are looking for tlu' time when war lias ceased to menace civilization. "This idea of a national prayer is indeed an interesting one. What do you think of itV" The poem came to the attention of President Harding who gave his approbation above his signature in these words: "I have read with great interest and approval the national prayer which you recently gave expression to in verse form. The words chosen are very beautiful and its sentiment is in complete harmony with the best aspirations of our country. Every time the prayer is given sincere utterance to the God of the Universe our people will be benefited." (Signed) Warren G. Harding. With such strong approval there is excellent reason for believing that "Our Nation's Prayer" will be received by every American citizen and become part of the soul of our country. When President Harding passed" away Father Young wrote an "In Memoriam," which was published in the Chicago American. On account of its sentiment and brevity the poem was copied in all parts of the country and was no doubt the most popular utterance called out bj' the drath of the President. Father Young is not only a popular poet l)ut as well a popular parish worker. This was demonstrated when during his first year as a curate he conducted the drive for the new $.'5.5.000.00 parish rectory for Our Lady of Victory and chose for his slogan : "Our Parish lU ctory without a Wonl from the Altar." This work was accomplished with the" hearty support of parishioners and non-Catholics. He is now assistant at St. RaphaeFs Church, Sixtieth and Justine streets. Father Young is an active member of Loyola-Hyde Park Council. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 861 reorganized, with tlie view to the best possible results. As this chapter is concerned mainly with domestic service, a statement of the home organization will be interesting: In Angnst, 1918, the territory of the United States was JAMES J. WALSH, Directory K. of C. Welfare Work divided into four divisional departments for field service. A department director was in charge of each department, and the work was directed from his office. The following table will illustrate the welfare organization : 862 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS WELFARE ORGANIZATION Dei)artnient Director States No. of No. of Secys. Bldgs. Pennsylvania Maryland Rhode Island Connecticut New Jersej- Virginia Eastern and DanielJ. Sullivan, Vermont 748 178 Northeastern Boston, Mass. Maine Dist. of Columbia Massachusetts New York Long Island New Hampshire Louisiana N. Carolina Tennessee Southeastern M. J. 'Leary, Georgia 94 89 Savannah, Ga.S. Carolina Alabama Florida Mississippi Michigan Ohio Missouri Nebraska W, Virginia New Mexico Illinois Central and W. J. Moriarty, Iowa 234 152 Southern St. Louis, Mo. Colorado Oklahoma Minnesota N. Dakota Wisconsin Indiana Kansas POST WAB ACTIVITIES 863 Department Director States No. of No. of Secys. Bldgs. Arkansas Texas Utah Kentucky Alaska Oregon Washington Western A. G. Bagley, Idaho 58 42 San Franciscoj Cal. California Arizona EDUCATIONAL WORK The educational work of the Knights of Columbus was entered upon systematically. A committee was appointed by the Supreme Board of Directors, consisting of Supreme Knight James A. Flaherty, Supreme Advocate Joseph C. Pel- letier, and Supreme Secretary William J. McGinley, to confer with an educational advisory committee on methods of pro- cedure. This advisory committee consisted of Very Rev. Edward A. Pace, D.D., Washington, D. C. ; Rev. John J. Wynne, S.J., New York City; Michael J. Downey, Boston; Edwin C. Devine, Detroit ; Arthur Sommers, New York City ; James Byrne, Ncav York City, and Joseph Scott, Los Angeles. A plan was submitted to the lioard of Directors on August 3, 1919, and was accepted. Under the authority of the Supreme Council the Supreme Knight appointed a permanent committee on education and a permanent advisory commit- tee, and an education division was established in New Haven, Avith John J. Cummings as Executive Secretary, work- ing under the immediate direction of the committee. The school work was accordingly entered upon under the direc- tion of this organization, working through the regional de- partments. In the month of January, 1920, the Central Southern Department was divided into two departments, namely, the 864 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS J\Iid-West and Central. The office for tlie Mid-West Depart- ment was established at Omaha, Neb., and the depart- ment Avas placed in charge of J. P. jNIcCarthy. It covered the states of Nebraska, New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Arkansas and Utah. The office of the Central Division was located in Chi- cago, and State Deputy of Illinois EdAvard Houlihan was named as Department Director, and continued in that ca- pacity until elected as Supreme Director of the Order in August, 1920, when he was succeeded by James J. Walsh, who has continued as Department Director to the present. This department covered the states of Illinois, Iowa, Mis- souri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Ken- tuckj^ and West Virginia. All of the welfare work was directed from these depart- ment offices. Since the war the regular welfare work has consisted of educational work, hospital service, and employ- ment service. The responsibility for the institution of the Knights of Columbus post-war free evening schools in the Central De- partment fell upon the shoulders of State Deputy Edward Houlihan as Department Director, who engineered the estab- lishment and smooth operation of schools in the following eighteen cities in the Central Department, viz. : St. Paul and Duluth, Minn. ; Indianapolis and Fort Wayne, Ind. ; Milwau- kee, Wis. ; Davenport, Iowa ; St. Louis, Mo. ; Cincinnati, Cleveland, Youngstown and Dayton, Ohio ; Louisville, Ky. ; Grand Rapids, Mich., and W^heeling, W^. Va. The educational work at Chicago was of course most extensive, and has a deep interest for all Knights of Colum- bus of Illinois. All members have considered the Order very fortunate in securing the services of William J. Bogan to take immediate charge of the educational work. Dr. Bogan is an educator of many years' experience, and an executive of rare ability. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 865 Assisted by an unusually able staff, he has been eminently successful in all of the Knights of Columbus educational work in Chicago. The following account of the educational work in Chicago, WILLIAM J. BOGAN, LL.D., Superintendent, Knights of Columbus Schools, Chicago gleaned from the exhaustive reports made by Dr. Bogan and others, will prove interesting: Immediately upon the announcement of the establish- ment of Knights of Columbus schools in Chicago, large num- bers of ex-service men made application for admission. Be- 866 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS fore the end of January, 1920, the number of applicants ap- proximated 5,000. This tremendous demand proved embar- rassing to the organizers, for they found it impossible to provide on short notice the necessary quarters and other educational facilities required. It was first planned to open a single large school in the downtown section, but it was found impossible to secure a suitable building. Thereupon a search was made for buildings that would meet the demands from the north, the west and the south sides of the city. One of the most serious problems was to provide a building and equipment for the twelve hundred men who had applied for automobile instruction. The popularity of the proposed auto- mobile course threatened to overwhelm the schools. The purchase and installation of the necessary equipment for large numbers of men within a reasonably short time was out of the question, for automobile equipment is expensive and very diflScult to obtain on short notice. In this emer- gency the War Activities Committee leased from the Chicago Board of Education the building known as the South Divi- sion High School. This building had been fitted up in 1917 for the training of men in the automobile industry, and dur- ing the war it had been used for the training of soldiers for service in the motor corps. A brief examination convinced the representatives of the War Activities Committee that this building was admirably suited by location and equip- ment as an automobile school for ex-service men. At the opening of the term on February 9, 1920, men from all sec- tions of the city were sent to this school for automobile work, welding and machine shop practice. The South Side men who desired academic work w^ere sent there also. This school has four stories and basement, twenty rooms in all, including shops for welding, motor testing, ignition and starting, lighting, axles and clutches, transmission, and ma- chine shop practice. In addition there are the ordinary academic rooms used for drawing. Upon demand for any POST WAR ACTIVITIES 867 subject the school endeavors to provide such instruction. As a matter of fact the choice is limited to about thirty very- definite and practical courses in which intensive instruction is given over a relatively short term : Accounting Advertising Bookkeeping Commercial Art Commercial Law Chemistry- Citizenship English to Foreigners Grammar School Course Civics Foreign Trade Automobile Mechanics Mechanical Drafting Typewriting Public Speaking Eeinforced Concrete Electricity Machine Shop Practice Wood Working Lubrication Engineering Founding Oxy-Acetylene Welding Salesmanship Languages Traffic Management Mathematics English Radio Telegraphy- Structural Steel Engineering Stenography High School Courses These courses in general aim to advance the student in his daily work or aid him in changing to a more satisfactory type of work. Several courses have already been established in high school and college subjects, and there is a strong tendency toward an increase in the number, for the men are beginning to appreciate the need for more academic educa- tion in order that they may complete later on the profes- sional work for which high school or college subjects are prerequisites. Little urging is necessary to induce men to enter classes of a vocational nature, but the higher academic courses appeal only to a limited number. Many of the stu- dents who have the necessary elementary education are en- couraged, however, to take up the regular high school sub- jects. These classes usually hold their attendance well, for they are made up of students who appreciate thoroughly the value of education and can see their ultimate goal. Men are admitted to school regardless of age, creed or race, provided they have been honorably discharged from the United States Army, Navy or ]\Iarine Corps. No charge 868 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS is made for instruction, books, tools or instruments. So far as the ex-service man is concerned, the familiar slogan still holds true, "Everybody Welcome — Everything Free," a fac- tor that contributes much to the success of the teachers in the Knights of Columbus evening schools. From the beginning Auto Mechanics has proven the most popular subject offered in any of the schools, followed by Accounting, Business English, Salesmanship, Mechanical Drawing and Mathematics. Other popular subjects were Advertising, Commercial Law, Stenography, Typewriting and Traffic Management. Detailed statistics are usually of slight interest to any but school men, — hence, only those of special interest are mentioned here. As stated before, the registration for the year 1920-21 was 5,700 men. Of this number about 5,000 were ex-service men. The remainder were non-service men and women, who were charged a slight tuition. The enroll- ment for 1920-21 was 4,900, divided between the three branches as follows: St. Ignatius, 1,347; De Paul, 1,529; Southern Division, 1,993. The Knights of Columbus War Activity School for ex- Service Men was opened in Springfield, 111,, February 23, 1920, offering a curriculum of fifteen courses, as follows : Business English _ Commercial Law Civil Service Bookkeeping High School Mathematics Accounting Salesmanship Commercial Arithmetic Mechanical Drawing Machine Shop Practice Typewriting Auto Mechanics Stenography The initial registration was 668 students, which was a revelation to educational men in Springfield, due to the fact that night schools in that city did not attract a large number of students. Springfield school was efficiently and successfully con- POST WAR ACTIVITIES 869 ducted under the principalship of R. C. Buley during the school terms of 1920-1921, and discontinued April 30, 1921. A third Free School to ex-Service Men was established in Peoria, 111., on September 27, 1920, with an enrollment of six hundred students. Registrants for Accounting, Arithmetic, Salesmanship, Typewriting, Civics, Commercial Law, English, Public Speaking and Stenography were assigned to Spalding Institute. Those applying for trade and technical courses, such as Auto Mechanics, Jewelry Engraving, Mechanical Drawing, Chemistry, Electricity, were enrolled at Bradley Polytechnic Institute, which is one of the finest schools in this country. The Knights of Columbus paid the tuition of ex-service students on a per capita basis. This school has been successfully conducted under the leadership of W. G. Russell as principal, who resigned on October 31, 1921, to accept the appointment of principal of the Peoria Manual Training High School. Mr. Russell was succeeded by Brother C. M. McTag- gart, who continued the efficient administration of Peoria school until March 12, 1922, when he was called to his eternal reward. While official identification with the school was of short duration, his successful conduct of affairs and exam- plary character will be missed by students and all who had the good fortune of knowing him. HOSPITAL WORK Large numbers of service men were brought to the hos- pitals during the years 1920 and 1921, and it was found desirable to extend the Knights of Columbus welfare work in the hospitals. This work also came under the jurisdiction of Department Director James J. Walsh, who was ably assisted by Super- visor Thomas F. O'Connell, Educational Supervisor Joseph B. Shine, and a number of secretaries. 870 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Creature comforts were supplied to the invalid or dis- abled service men. Entertainments, including select moving pictures, were a large factor. Automobile rides and outdoor athletic entertainments were also provided. The Chicago work was extended on a large scale in the TRAVIS H. BRADLEY (Travbrod and Eddie). K. of C. Hospital Secretary, Father O'Connor Council middle of March. 1920, and the Marine Hospital was placed under the direction of Secretary John Kilby, who also had supervision of the Chicago Tuberculosis Hospital. Similar service was installed at the hospital at Forty-seventh street and Ellis avenue, under the direction of Walter Hackett, who had wide experience as a secretary at Fort Sheridan and other points. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 871 At the Oak Forest Tuberculosis Hospital and the Couuty Poor Farm, where 100 service men were quartered, the work was put in charge of Emmet Dooley, who also extended his activities to Dunning, Jackson Park and Auburn Park hospitals. Throughout the State of Illinois hospital secretaries are rendering the ordinary services and distributing creature comforts, such as candy, cigarettes, cigars, chewing gum, tobacco, chocolate bars, tooth brushes, tooth paste, shaving brushes, razor blades and other comforts. In addition mov- ing picture shows, vaudeville, musieales and entertainments are given. Athletic equipment is furnished and every care given the men receiving treatment. In the State of Illinois hospital secretaries are assigned as follows: AValter J. Hackett, William Mulcahy and Wil- liam Murphy at Edward Hines Junior Hospital, Maywood, 111. ; R. E. Dooley at South Shore Hospital, Chicago ; Brem- merman, Chicago Oak Forest Sanatorium, Oak Forest, 111.; U. S. Veterans Hospital, No. 30 Annex, Chicago; J. P. Kilboy at U. S. Public Health Hospital, No. 30, Forty- seventh street and Drexel boulevard, Chicago; Travis Bradley at U. S. Marine Hospital, No. 5, 4141 Claren- don avenue, Chicago; Great Lakes Hospital, Great Lakes, 111.; Michael Halloran at U. S. Public Health Hospital, Dwight, 111.; William F. Lynch at State Insane Asy- lum, Elgin. 111.; James T. Sheehan at National Sol- diers' Home, Springfield, 111.; John Gilmore at Dan- ville, 111. Outside Illinois, but subject to the Central Department, hospital secretaries are located in the following cities : St. Paul, Minn., Rochester, Minn., Marion, Ind., Evansville, Ind., Fort AVayne, Ind.. Waukesha, Wis.. Milwaukee. Wis., Men- dota, Wis., Louisville, Ky., Newport. Ky.. St. Louis, Mo., Kansas City, Mo., Dayton, Ohio. Knoxville, Iowa, Colfax, Iowa, Detroit, Mich. 872 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS EMPLOYMENT WORK No sooner had the Armistice been signed on November 11, 1918, than the Knights of Columbus once more accepted conditions as they were and immediately set about the plac- ing of the many men out of work in positions. Headquarters JOSEPH M. COFFEY. Superintendent, K. of C. Employ- ment Bureau JAMES J. O'MALLEY, Secretary and Superintendent, K. of C. Employment Bureau were opened at 165 West Madison street, and a capable staff of men put in charge by State Deputy Edward Houlihan. It took but a short time for the news of the bureau's opening to spread, and often it was necessary to call on the chief of police to assign a detail to handle the crowds as they came in large numbers seeking jobs. Joseph M. Coffey, one of the best knoAvn Knights of Co- lumbus in the West, was placed in charge as manager of the bureau. Edward J. McMahon, Executive Secretary of Chi- cago Chapter, was appointed Secretary, and Henry C. Schmitt Assistant Secretary. These men were given authority to POST WAR ACTIVITIES 873 conduct the bureau as they saw fit, keeping in mind the in- terests of the returned soldiers, sailors and marines. In a short time the work developed to such an extent that ten others were added to the force. Soon another office be- came necessary, and one was opened at 120 West Adams street. John G. Ryan, Jr., and Frank W. Mader were placed in charge of the new office. In addition to securing positions for the service men, clothing, lodging and meals were furnished all who were in need. No one was permitted to leave the Knights of Columbus Bureau unaided. From March 22, 1919, 4,006 sol- diers, sailors and marines were placed in positions. Alto- gether 6,636 positions were secured by this first soldiers' and sailors' employment bureau.^ The following paragraphs from the final report of James J. O'Malley, Superintendent, tell succinctly the story of the Knights of Columbus Free Employment Bureau which succeeded the first local employment organization : "On January 1, 1920, it was my pleasure to be assigned as Sec- retary by State Deputy Edward Houlihan in establishing an Employ- ment Bureau with Brother Joseph Coffey as Manager. At the beginning, one hundred and twenty-five men were on the working staff of the Bureau; the least these service men received was Five Dollars a day as compensation in securing opportunities for our Bureau. This force was reduced every week after the first week in the field due to the fact that those men in the field accepted positions from those offered them for the Bureau. By March 29th, this Field Force were all placed in positions to their liking. From April 1st up to the present time the Office Staff consisting of nine men — some of them having served over seas as 'Casey Secretaries' and in Camps on this side of the Atlantic — set themselves to a task that was more than tedious; daily, for three hundred and eight working days, they took the greatest pains in placing men where they were best adapted; their experiences were not always pleasant and each evening when the Bureau called it a day, they were a little more depressed than they were at the beginning of the day. 2. ColumUan, Oct. 17, 1919, p. 37. 874 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS On July 13tli, I assumed full charge, by orders from State Deputy Department Director Edward Houlihan, Brother Joseph Coffey re- signing. From January 5th to July 15th, seventeen thousand six hundred and forty-five men were placed in employment, out of thirty thousand three hundred and forty-five applying for positions; from July 15th to the closing of the Bureau, 29,676 men applied for positions and 17,045 were placed in employment. ' ' Sixty-two thousand men during the past twelve months poured their wants into the ears of the employment staff of job-getters, 34,690 were made happy by being placed in employment during the year; 39,647 could have obtained employment if they desired the positions they were sent to, but refused to accept for various reasons, viz.: nature of work, distance, salary, and qualifications. Thirty-six thousand employers of Chicago gave their wholehearted co-operation to the Bureau; the co-operation of the Chicago Knights was most encouraging; no discrimination being made other than that the ap- plicant had to be a former service man; men of all creeds, nationalities and race, applied for employment; thousands of members of the Knights of Columbus who saw service were the beneficiaries of this Employment Bureau." State Deputy and now Supreme Director Edward Houli- han was the chief executive officer. Thomas F. O'Connell was supervisor. As at first organized, Joseph M. Coffey was manager of the office and did valiant service in that capacity until July 13, 1920. James J. O'Malley was from the first Secretary and since the transfer of Mr. Coffey has been the executive head. Mr. 'Malley had a fine record of service before becoming connected wath the employment service. Before the declara- tion of a state of war he had offered his services to the Quar- termaster-General and was soon appointed Special Agent of the Department of Labor, with headquarters at Washington, D, C. In this capacity he had much to do Avith speeding up war activities and scored a gratifying success. In October, 1918, he was selected by the State Deputy of Illinois to have charge of Knights of Columbus war activities in and around Chicago, and so continued until the employment service was POST WAR ACTIVITIES 875 launched. He is a member and Past Grand Knight of Daniel O'Connell Council. Other officers of the bureau eminently worthy and equally zealous in the performance of their duties were Daniel Burke and Harry Kelly, Examiners; Ftank Nolan, Sales Agent; Emmet Dooley, Skilled Labor Department; Raymond Glea- son, Assistant, Skilled Labor Department ; Thomas ^lilan. Statistician; Walter Hackett, Assistant; Frank Mader, Call Chief; John Coyle, in charge of the handicap division. Mr. Coyle devoted his efforts to placing men who were handi- capped by wounds or ill-health. Every man in this service made heavy sacrifices and each is entitled to the lasting gratitude of their contemporaries.^ MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES The following report, published in the Columbian, of the home-coming of the 149th Artillery, "Reilly's Bucks," is indicative of the manner in which the Knights of Columbus helped to receive returning soldiers : WELCOME HOME "As this edition of the Columbiau is going to press, the 149th Artillery, 'Eeilly's Bucks' are marching through Chicago's joy-mad streets to the strains of numerous bands and the shouts of the hun- dreds of thousands of people. And among those who are doing their part to welcome these heroes are the Knights of Columbus. "Many of 'Keilly's Bucks' are Catholics and Knights, but that is not the reason the Knights are in the welcoming pageant. It is because these heroes are American soldiers, who have fought for the freedom of the world and the flag of all of us. "The Knights are merely paying a patriotic tribute to the men of Uncle Sam, just as they have followed these men from the day they entered the service, through camp and field and over the fighting ground, with help and comfort to Protestant, Catholic, Jew, Gentile, and non-believer alike, so they are with them in their joyous home- coming. 3^ Columbian, Dec. 31. 1920, p. 1. 876 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS ' ' The plans made for the home-coming, and which were ready to be put into effect as this is being put in type, included the following: "Victory float, consisting of a reproduction of a typical 'Every- body Welcome and Everything Free ' K. of C. camp, on a truck drawn by six gray horses, the truck and horses having been furnished by Arthur Dixon. Mandel Brothers contributed the rugs on the hut floor, and Julius Bauer, through the courtesy of Adam Schneider, furnished the piano. A baud of twelve pieces from Fort Sheridan, with pianist and singers completed this feature. "An escort of K. of C. secretaries was given the distinction of accompanying the float of 'The Gold Star Mothers,' a signal honor to these young men to whom the honor of the 'First Gold Star Mother' is a sacred privilege. "In the parade near the K. of C. float was assigned a committee of 100 Knights of Columbus, appointed by Edward Houlihan, State Deputy, as representative of the State Council. These delegates were: "Knights of Columbus Eeception Committee to Welcome Home 149th Kegiment Field Artillery — Eugene Clifford, Francis J. Houlihan, LeEoy Hackett, John T. Lillis, Wm. N. Brown, Lieut. T. Frank Me- Glynn, John E. Byrnes, Dennis J. Normoyle, M. F. Girten, Wm. J. Clark, Eichard Finnegan, John Brennan, Peter P. Kranz, Thomas P. Flynn, John A. McCormick, Eobert M. Sweitzer, Henry J. Lynch, Samuel E. Cook, James Donahoe, John E. Maloney, John J. Gorman, John E. Cooney, Peter C. Hoey, Adolph Easter, Arthur Donoghue, James Moynihan, Philip C. Nilles, Geo. F. Mulligan, James C. O'Brien, Joseph A. McMahon, Michael T. Geraty, Thomas Davey, John F. Bolton, George W. Powers, Chas. Witthoefft, Edward J. Sullivan, Daniel J. Bergen, John M. Quiulan, Dr. E. E. Loftus, John T. Eush, Edward B. Branick, Edw. Martens, Joseph A. Strohmeyer, Joseph P. Walsh, Joseph A. Becker, James J. Walsh, Dr. Alexander Pope, F. J. Dorre, Peter J. Monaghan, John T. Broderick, Joseph P. Hector, Edward J. Hennessy, Wm. B. Haas, Edward J. Neville, Austin E. Began, Daniel Bradley, Hon. P. B. Flanagan, Thomas J. Geary, Joseph J. Thompson, Clarence T. McDonald, Joseph McCluskey, John F. Tyrrell, Frank J. Enright, Harry P. Kenney, S. E. Tompkins, Louis J. Behan, Patrick H. Bonner, Harry L. Hennighausen, Frank B. Nilles, Toal McCullough, Edw. F. Kelly, Edw. P. Keigher, Albert B. Eiden, Thos. J. Claffy, A. F. Meyer, A. E. Dickenson, J. P. Marzano, Timothy J. Mahoncy, John P. McAuliffe, Ted Boyrke, John Prystalski, John E. Cook, August Warnessen, Thomas A. Dolan, A. T. Greeley, Jos. A. Gavin, Dr. C. J. Murphy, Owen E. Desmond, P. W. Dean, Thomas J. Whelan, Luke F. Cuniff, Albert F. Lange. < POST WAR ACTIVITIES 877 "Long before the 149th reached Chicago the Knights of Columbus secretaries, under the direction of Overseer Thos. F. O'Connell and General Secretary J. J. O'Malley were serving them. A delegation of secretaries had met the train enroute with supplies of cigarettes and candy and rode into Cliicago with them."* FUNERAL OF MAJOR VATTMAN At the dying request of Major Edward J. Vattman, his funeral, which occurred October 2, 1919, was in charge of the Knights of Columbus. This venerable hero priest was first made a chaplain of the United States Army by President Hayes in 1877, and served in the army through several Indian campaigns, the Cuban war, the Philippine campaign, and was chaplain at Fort Sheridan during the late world war. In accordance with his request, the funeral arrangements were made for the Order by State Deputy Edward Houlihan, aided by Supervisor Thomas E. O'Connell of the Knights of Columbus "Welfare staff, and by Rev. George T. McCarthy, Lieutenant Chaplain at Fort Sheridan. The services were begun in St. Joseph 's Church, Wilmette. The body was attended at the church by a guard of soldiers and Knights of Columbus secretaries and members of the Fourth Degree under Captain Edward H. "White. Following this service the remains were taken to the main gymnasium at Fort Sheridan, where they lay in state until brought to Chicago the next day. At the Cathedral of the Holy Name a Solemn Requiem High Mass was celebrated by Lieutenant Chaplain Rev. Geo. T. McCarthy, assisted by Rev. Edward Rice, Chaplain of the 122nd Field Artillery of the 33rd Division, and Rev. John J. O'Hearn, Chaplain of the 108th Ammunition Trains and the New Seventh Infantry, I. N. G.; Rev. John L. O'Donnell, Chaplain of the 132nd Infantry, was Master of Ceremonies, and Right Rev. Msgr. C. A. Rempe of St. Clements Church 4. Columbian, May 9, 1919, p. 1. 878 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS preached the sermon. The remains were blessed by His Grace, Most Rev. George W. Miindelein, D.D., Archbishop of Chicago. The cross bearer was Emmanuel Pastor, a Filipino, whom Major Vattman brought from the Islands fifteen years ago and educated. The active pallbearers, selected from the Knights of Co- lumbus, were : State Deputy Edward Houlihan, Past State Deputy LeRoy Hackett, Past State Deputy William N. Brown, Thomas P. Flymi, Vice Supreme INIaster, Fourth Degree, John A. McCormick, Master La Salle Assembly, Fourth Degree, Jerome J. Crowley, Navigator, Fourth Degree. A long list of honorary pallbearers were present, as well as military officers from Fort Sheridan and many city, county, state and federal officials. The body was taken privately to Fort Sheridan and was met at the fort by the official chaplain corps and a guard of military and escorted to the grave, where a combined mili- tary and religious ceremony was performed. ' THE PILGRIMAGE TO METZ The red letter days of a number of Knights of Columbus occurred during August, 1920, while they were upon the pil- grimage to Metz, for the ceremonies incident to the unveiling of the statue of Lafayette, presented to France by the Su- preme Council of the Knights of Columbus in recognition of the services of the great general and also of the friendly relations between our country and France. While these for- tunate pilgrims live they will never forget the triumphal journey through Europe, nor the scenes they witnessed. We believe that the public has not fully understood this pilgrimage, and for want of such clear understanding has not been able to fully appreciate the event. It should be remembered that the Knights of Columbus is 5. Columiian, Oct. 1919, p. 1. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 87U an organization of Catholic men and that in the order religion is a commanding note. Keeping that in mind, attention may be directed to the fact that during all its war activities abso- Pope Benedict XV Photographed with Knights of Columbus of the Metz Pilgrimage in the Vatican Grounds lutely no distinction was made as to race or creed. The non- Catholic service man was served as faithfully as the Catholic. So when a Frenchman was to be singled out for honor, the question of his religious persuasions exercised no influence. Many are convinced that Lafaj-ette died a faithful son of the 880 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Church, as he was undoubtedly reared, while there seems to be persuasive proof that he was inducted into the Masonic society. These questions were not taken into consideration, however, and only his worthiness of the honor had an influ- ence. It is important, too, to understand that this pilgrimage was an occasion not only of great pleasure and gratification, but one of considerable sacrifice as well. While all America was interested in a sincere manifestation of the good will of this country toward France (Ambassador Wallace declared that ' ' the pilgrimage was the most important of recent French- American events"), the Knights of Columbus alone bore all of the burdens and responsibilities. And the manner in which the expense of this demonstration was met is interesting. When it was decided to present a statue of Lafayette to France to be erected at Metz, Lafayette's birthplace, a call was made upon the local councils of the order for a voluntary contribution of the necessary funds. The councils responded generously and the necessary funds were thus provided. The question of personnel was then taken up and this, too, was left voluntary. A maximum limit was fixed and applications were accepted in the order in which they were received. Every man paid his own way. No bonuses or bounties or other help was provided for anyone and all stood upon an equal footing. An estimate was made of $1,000 per person for the expense of the trip, and those who went agree that the estimate was conservative. These were the sacrifices, but all participants agree that they were well repaid. Much has been said about the ceremonies of the unveiling of the statue and of the visit of the delegation to the Pope. The reception accorded the pilgrims by His Holiness has been the source of much satisfaction and is referred to at some length in other chapters. There were also other wonderful meetings and incidents that will be retained always in the POST WAR ACTIVITIES 881 memories of the pilgrims. Consider these stray items of the telegraph service : PARIS CABLE. (N. C. W. C. Special Cable.) Paris, Sept. 13. — Second only in importance and im- pressiveness to the reception of the Knights of Columbus in Rome was their visit to Paris, following a pilgrimage to Lourdes. The Knights arrived at Pan from Nice on the evening of September 5th. From Pan they proceeded to Lourdes next morning and received Holy Communion in the Grotto Church of Our Lady. The Bishop of Lourdes was the celebrant at the Mass. After Mass the Knights moved in procession through the streets of Lourdes. Thousands of natives wit- nessing the procession were profoundly affected by the display of practical Catholic faith on the part of the American pil- grims. The Knights visited the miraculous shrine and dipped thousands of rosaries in the spring of Lourdes. This day was, from a religious viewpoint, one of the most memorable of the entire tour. Every man in the party was tilled with the spirit of devotion to Our Blessed Lady. On their return to Pau, the Knights were the guests at a popular reception. Supreme Knight Flaherty was borne on the shoulders of eminent citizens through the streets. The Knights returned to Paris Tuesday night. The municipal authorities laid a carpet from the train to the street and a guard of gendarmes was on hand. Vast crowds surged the streets to greet the Knights, whose coming had been the subject of unprecedented publicity in the French and English newspapers. The whole party was the guest of the city of Versailles on Wednesday. Bishop Gibier met them and welcomed them to his diocese. They were escorted about the city by the Prefect of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, and visited the palace 882 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS where the treaty of Versailles was signed. Bishop Gibier congratulated them as examples of American chivalry. Minister of Marine Landry, who presided at the function in honor of the Knights, spoke highly of the American Navy The Lafaypttp Statue at Metz and the moral force which the Knights exerted in the United States. At the American embassy, where the Knights were enter- tained. Ambassador Wallace declared that their pilgrimage was the most important of recent French- American events. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 888 The Kuigiits visited Marshal Joffre Thursday at his head- quarters. He led the parade to Lafayette's tomb in Picpus cemetery. All the Catholic notables of Paris attended the great recep- At the Unveiling of the Statue of Lafayette at Metz. Marshal Foch an. I Supreme Knight Flaherty in the Foreground tiou to the Knights at the Catholic Institute on Friday night. Monsignor Baudrillart presented a statue to Supreme Knighl Flaherty and recalled that the last letter written by Cardinal Amette before his death was tliat accepting the invitation t.. 884 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS preside at this gathering. Monsignor Chollet, Archbishop of Cambrai, sent a letter expressing to the Knights the gratitude of the population of the devastated area for the solicitude which Americans showed himself, a native of Argonne. His Grace declared that his compatriots will always keep fresh the memory of the Americans who fell on their ground and piously care for their graves. Such was the pilgrimage of the Knights of Columbus to Metz, and such the expressions it elicited and the impressions it made. Every member of the order has experienced a feeling Baton Presented by the Knights of Columbus to Marshal Foch of much satisfaction in the conception as well as the results. For while in many quarters ill-feeling and even hate have been propagated, the Knghts of Columbus still adhere to the well- founded belief in the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of men.® Chicago members of the Order were especially favored with first-hand information about the journey to Metz, through the lectures of Hon. Peter P. Kransz and Mr. John T. McEnery. Mr. Kransz gave an account of the journey before the Chi- cago Chapter, and divided the same into two parts at suc- cessive meetings. Mr. McEnery 's lectures were accompanied 6. Several accounts of the pilgrimage to Metz have been published. That of Supreme Director John H. Reddin, Issued by the Supreme Council, is full and accurate. P. H. Kelly's Story of the Knights of Columbus Pilgrimage (Kelly Publishing Company, Philadelphia) is interesting. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 885 by slides. Both were with the party and saw and heard every- evening. February 7, 1921. WELCOME TO CARDINAL MERCIER The decision of the official reception committee of Chicago to make the welcome of Cardinal Mercier to the city strictly civic, with the exception of the Mass at the Cathedral of the Holy Name, made it impossible for the Chicago Knights of ^^^^^ ' '^^^1 ^hj SjPt '^^^^^^^^^F^BL ^^m .^^^^^^^^^H S|r^^^^B^^^H^^B 1 '^^^^^^^^^^^H^H^Ir^ L- ^^^^ - — • ' ^i^^mm^iifev^^^i^^^iH' His Eminence Cardinal Adian Gasquet His Eminence Desire Cardinal Mercier Columbus to pay the Cardinal special tribute except in his first greetings on his arrival. The delegates of the Knights of Columbus appointed by State Deputy Edward Houlihan to meet the Cardinal at the station included State Deputy Edward Houlihan, State Sec- retary Henry J. Lynch, Thomas W. Flynn, Vice Supreme Master, Fourth Degree, John A. McCormick, Master La Salle 886 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Assembly, Fourth Degree, Joseph J. Thompson, Past State Deputy and Editor of the Columbian, LeRoy Hackett, Patrick L. McArdle, and AVilliam N. Brown ; Past State Deputies John T. Lillis, Louis J. Behan, D. J. Normoyle, Thomas F. O'Connell, James J. O'Malley, M. J. Kennelly, President of the Chicago Chapter, and a long list of prominent members. The Cardinal was informed that in the crowd that SM^arraed about the station were many representatives of the Knights of Columbus, and he expressed his pleasure, saying : "I have known well the work of the Knights of Columbus in the war fields. They have done great good for the soldiers and they have given us a sample of the Catholic men of America." Unofficially, the Knights of Columbus aided and partici- pated in the notable welcome of this great churchman tlu'oughout his entire stay in America, not alone in Chicago, but at every point where he was received.' PRIZE WAR ESSAY The Illinois State Council joined in the offer of the War Department for prizes for the best war essay written by school boys. The winner of first place was 17-year-old James O'Malley, son of Frank O'Malley, 438 St. James place, Chicago. The winner was presented with a silver trophy cup by the Army, another cup from Greenebaum & Sons, a gold watch from the disabled men at Fort Sheridan, and $100.00 in gold from the Knights of Columbus. The young fellow in a letter of thanks to the State Deputj^ said "That the receiving of this award means the fruition of a hope I have long cherished, viz., the possession of the Encyclopedia Britannica, . . , and some day to be a member of the Knights of Columbus. ' '* 7. Columbian, Oct. 24, 1919, p. 1. 8. Columbian, May 7, p. 1. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 887 OFFER OF FIVE MILLION DOLLARS TO THE AMERICAN LEGION The war over and the Supreme Council finding itself in possession of an nnexpendcd sum of considerable propor- tions, took under consideration the best means of using the fund. In a formal statement by the officers, it was pointed out that the Knights of Columbus received approximately forty million dollars from members of the organization and the general public for welfare M^ork ; that in providing and maintaining camp buildings, huts, service and employment bureaus, vocational schools and scolarships, the Order had fulfilled the wishes of the donors, insofar as the moneys already expended were concerned. With respect to the disposition of the balance of the fund on hand it was proposed to carry on the educational and other welfare services, and also to provide a permanent national home for former service men. To that end the Supreme Board of Directors, at a meet- ing held in Chicago in the month of October, 1920, tendered five million dollars to the American Legion for the purpose of erecting and equipping a building in Washington, D. C, for tlie use of former service men. After some weeks of deliberation the officers of the Ameri- can Legion declined the offer, and as there were intimations in some of the papers that there were conditions attached to the offer that made it undesirable, the Supreme Advocate made the following statement for the press : "The Knights of Columbus offered ii Legion of Honor National Memorial building in the city of Washington, the title to be vested in the American Legion and the entire control and management. In case of the dissolution of the Legion, the title to vest in the United States. An endowment fund of one million dollars, the interest of which was to be devoted to the upkeep of this building, was to be managed by three trustees, the head of the American Legion, the head of the Knights of Columbus, and the Secretary of the Treasury 888 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS of the United States. Upon the retirement of either one, the others would have the right to fill the vacancy. Their powers only went to the extent of managing this fund and paying over the income to the owners of the building, the American Legion. The action taken by the American Legion was to decline the gift of the Knights of Columbus of five million dollars unless the same came unconditionally, and they admitted that the erection of the building was a condition — in other words, the Legion would be willing to take five million dollars in cash to use as it pleased, but declined to accept it if it was to take the form of a memorial building. "So far as the building is concerned, its control was without any condition vested in the Legion and it was to have the legal title. It was not to be a building project with a joint board to control it and once the building was erected there was to be no further connec- tion of the Knights of Columbus with it. The erection itself was to be made under a committee consisting of three members of the Legion, three members of the Knights of Columbus, and the Secretary of War and their powers and authority ceased immediately upon the completion of the building. "Colonel Galbraith pronounced it as one of the fairest, most upright gifts he had ever heard of and how the story has gone abroad that the Knights of Columbus were to keep a hand on the building or its management and thus seek to manage the memorial with the American Legion I cannot understand for there is not a word of truth in it and never was a thought of anything of the kind. "However, the affair is closed and the money will be devoted to the extension of the educational system for ex-servi'Ce men and for extension of the service work in the hospitals of this country, which is growing daily, and, perhaps, while the American Legion will not have the monument, the use of the money will come closer to the hearts of the donors and the welfare of the ex-service men for whom tlie war is not yet over. "9 THE MARSHAL FOCH RECEPTION General Ferdinand Foch, Marshal of France and Gen- eralissimo of the Allied Armies, the man who achieved de- cisive victory in the great world Avar, visited Chicago during the 5th and 6th of November, 1921, and during the whole of the 6th was the guest of the Knights of Columbus. • 9. GolumUan, April 29, 1921, p. 1. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 889 FERDINAND FOCH, Geiierul-in-Chief of Allied Arniu-s, Guest of the Knights of Columbus. Nov. 6, i»Jl 890 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS When the Supreme Officers and delegates visited France, to be present in Metz at the unveiling of the statue of Lafay- ette which the Order presented to France, and at the con- clusion of the unveiling ceremonies Marshal Foch accepted an invitation to be the guest of the Knights of Columbus in the United States. When positive information of the time of Marshal Foch 's visit was received, the Supreme Board of Directors entered upon arrangements for his reception. Naturally, the visit of a man of such importance took on a national and, indeed, an international aspect ; and, accordingly, the time of the dis- tinguished visitor had to be divided between the Government and other patriotic agencies, as well as the Knights of Co- lumbus. It was finally definitely settled, however, that one entire day would be given the Knights of Columbus, and after a canvass of the entire situation the date was fixed for November 6th, and Chicago was chosen as the place for the public reception. Plans being agreed upon, their execution was entrusted to State Deputy and Supreme Director Edward Houlihan, with full power to effect an organization that would properly carry out the plans. Supreme Director Houlihan began the preparations by the appointment of committees as follows : COMMITTEE APPOINTMENTS Parade Committee Hon. Francis P. Brady, Chairman. Francis B. AUegretti, Thomas D. Griffin, John F. Zimmerman, Edmund M. Sinnott, P. J. O'Connor, John E. Maloney, Alex J. Birren, James D. Stacey, James J. Danaher, John J. Gorman, Edward Sordelet, James J. Walsh, Austin E. Began, Sidney M. Dohney, Albert J. Smitli, James J. Gillen, William N. Guerin, John T. Donahue, Enos A. Hamer, Dr. E. G. Clancy, William J. McDonald, Dr. Joseph L. Eussell, A. B. Gillespie, Marshall V, Kearney, Thomas W. Flynn, Edward P. Den- nehy, D. M. Bross, Charles L. Chambers, L. J. Lawson, Ed J. Lawlor, POST WAR ACTIVITIES 891 Joseph Burke, J. St. Clair Daly, Thomas Kelly, Edward Houlihan, Frank Cornwall, Joseph C. Forst, George F. Buck, Frank E. Mc- Garr, Jr., Joseph E. Eoy, Edward F. Connelly, Edward B. Branick, Harry J. Connelly, John T. Gallagher, Michael McDermott, John T. Fitzsimmons, Alex McGuire, Frank M. Walsh, George Courtney, Dr. Emmett Quinn, Guy C. Grapple, Dr. John C. Breen, William C. Napier, Thomas J. Whelan, Walter Gaboriault, V. A. Dieter, M. Bertsch, Dennis J. Crowley, Ed. T. Freel, H. S. Keegan, T. J. Mahoney, A. E. Broderick, P. J. Burr, A. F. Lang, William A. Seich, Eobert J. James. Executive Committee William N. Brown, Chairman. Thomas F. Kiernan, P. L. McArdlc, Joseph J. Thompson, L. E. Sauter, Leroy Hackett, John J. Eyan, Jerome J. Crowley, Judge James Donalioe, D. J. Normoyle, Daniel McCann, Louis J. Behan, John T. Lillis, John 5t Byrnes, J. A. Kennelly, George F. Mulligan, Henry J. Lynch, Anthony Czarnecki. Banquet Committee George F. Mulligan, Chairman. Arthur Donoghue, Major William D. Foy, Patrick J. Murphy, George E. Lyons, Jr., John J. Lynch, John T. Donohuo, Walter Kel- leher, John E. O'Eeilly, John E. Harrington, John M. Fox, Francis Borrelli, Guy Grapple, Emmett Whelan, John Corcoran, Dr. E. A. Loftus, James M. Carey, Frank J. Enright, Augustin J. Lowe, W. J. Lynch, Edward J. Hennessy, Joseph Walsh, Francis E. Connery, Thomas J. Condon, Thomas M. Moy, Harry F. Kenny, William F. Brady, Joseph Hector, Arthur K. Manning, Thomas H. Hogan, John F. Bolton, Thomas Eyan. Reception Committee D. F, Kelly, Chairman. John J. O'Hern, John J. Gorman, Jerome W. Casey, John H. Lynch, John E. Shea, Thomas F. Flynn, Hon. E. F. Dunne, William L. O'Connell, James M. Graham, George E. Brennan, Hon. D. E. Shan- nahan, John Prystalski, Edward Hines, K. S. G., H. J. Cassady, Edward N. Hurley, Eichmond Dean, Quin O'Brien, Hon. Leo Doyle, Edmund S. Cummings, William F. Murphy, Frank J. McCarthy, Wil- liam E. Lynch, Dr. B. H. Portuando, K. S. G., Timothy E. Dunne, Eobert Milroy, Chas. T. Byrne, Daniel F. Burke, Thomns J. Daly, John W. Feehan, J. J. Griffin, Eev. Wni. J. Kinsella, Frank Seng. •a a >. a Q o o c .2 ■4-' O 0) K (V Em Hi o POST WAR ACTIVITIES 893 J. T. Seng, Peter P. Krausz, John T. McEnery, Francis J. McMahon, Simon J. Morand, Eev. P. X. Senger, Hon. Robert Sweitzer, P. J. Carr, James Whales, Daniel Eyan, Emmet Whalen, Michael Ziinmer, Henry L. Bailey, John Eichards, Clayton Smith, James Igoc, Eobert E. Crowe, John Poulton, Hon. John P. McGoorty, Francis J. Houlihan, William J. Bogan, John Higgins, Michael J. Collins. Invitations Committee Jeremiah A. Keuuelly, Chairman. J. C. Daly, P. J. O'Connor, James I. Donahue, S. A. Doheny, M. A. Dwyer, James McCormick, John Dooley (Ouimette), John M. Buckley, Harry Hill, V. M. Oilier. Escort Committee Hon. James Douahoe, Chairman. Anthony Matre, K. S. G., Col. John V. Clinnin, Major E. G. Claiu-y, M. D., Capt. William J. Grace, Capt. Stuyvesant Peabody, A. E. Smith, Alphonse Campion, Capt. Wni. D. Meyering, Capt. Chaplain Harris A. Darche. Fourth Degree Committee Thomas P. Flynn, Chairman. Jerome J. Crowley, James C. 'Brien. Reservation Committee William N. Guerin, Chairman. Jos. Manning, George Howlett, William T. Tanguey, Nicholas J. Reuland, Peter J. Monaghan, J. M. Fox, William A. Reich, T. I. Mahoney, Aug. Warnesson. Music Committee Dr. Emmett Quinn, Chairman. George Hewlett, J. M. Quinlan, M. J. Hogau, Albert Eiden, WUlhiin P. McNamee, James Devereaux, August Warnesson, T. J. Lynch, H. P. Maroney, William A. Shay, James J. O'Malley. Police Guard Committee Chief Charles C. Fitzmorris, Chairman. Fire Department Committee Chief Thomas O'Connor, Chairman. 894 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Guest Committee Hon. P. B. Flannigan, Chairman. Dr. C. J. Murphy, Joseph P. Hector, Edward J. Hennessy, Edward J. Neville, P. S. Hannigaii, John Brennan, Alex Donovan, Emil Schumon, John E. Kavanaugh, Thomas E. Claffey, Leo. A. Murray, Thomas Dolan, Hon. John J. Sullivan, P. F. Murray, Luke E. Cunniff, Oliver J. Gibbs, James Marzano, O. E. Desmond, John A. McCormick, V. M. Oilier, James A. Kearns, Daniel M. Healey, Thomas J. Madden, James N. Kearns, Arthur A. Huebsch, Thomas E. Gill, Hon. William D. Munhall, Geo. V. Mclntyre, Lawrence Eiordan, John McCarthy, James Ahem, Edward Larkin, Charles P. Quinlan. Financial Committee James Gillen, Chairman. Ben Franklin Meyer, Francis D. Connery, Edward Eew, Brendon O 'Council, Edward C. Bariy, Sidney J. Doheney, Peter Hayes, Francis A. Marnell, William P. Bedmond, Sidney W. Ring, Carl W. Stenger. Press Committee John B. Kennedy of New York, Frank J. Quinn, William J. Clark, Frank M. Hayes, Anthony Czarnecki, Daniel O'Connell, William A. Curley, Richard J. Finnegan, James J. Danaher, J. Mueller, Rev. Thomas V. Shannon, Rev. Father Donovan, Guy Grapple, Thomas Cleary, Daniel Sullivan, Homer Hogan, William S. Brons, Elmer Kraemer. Float Committee Edward J. Sullivan, Chairman. Bernard J. Coens, Thomas J. Claify, Joseph Burke, John G. Ryan Jr., P. J. McCarthy, William Napier, Frank N. Wohleber, Vincenl Cummings, Mathew O'Brien, John Burdick, George A. Le Monnier. Correspondence Committee P. J. O'Connor, Chairman. Fred Massman, E. G. Mooney. Badge Committee Francis Allegretti, Chairman. Leo McGlynn, Michael J. Geraty, Michael J. Kelly, George W. Powers, George Bolton, George Le Beau, John T. Broderick, Robert J. Darcy, John T. Rush, Peter Monaghan, James J. Keown. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 89^ Automobile Committee Charles Chambers, Chairman. Frank J. Enright, Frank Sammons, Eugene Clifford, John Collins, John T. Fitzsimmons, James Walsh, Dennis J. Crowley, James Holland, Albert Fik, Joseph A. McMahon, William J. Lynch. Decorations Committee Alphonse Campion, Chairman. Dr. Joseph M. Eussell, Chairman. Dr. W. D. Byrne, Dr. Thomas Hughes, and all medical examiners. Transportation Committee Alex McGuire, Chairman. Charles Huguelet, Joseph Flaherty, Thomas E. Lynch, John .7. Maloney, John B. McFall, L. 0. Fitzpatrick, Joseph Powers, P. C. Nellis, Edward Martens, James J. Coughlin, Timothy J. Mahoney. Reviewing Stand Committee Larry J. Ryan, Chairman. John L. Sheridan, Michael Hewlett, J. 0. McAuliff, Charles Quin- tan, Martin J. Hough, John Golden, Francis J. Houlihan, Thomas Mulloney, J. F. Bolger, Dr. E. E. Loftus, Francis Corby. Information Committee Thomas O'Connell, Chairman. Frank Cornwall, Charles D. Barrett, Daniel J. Devereaux, Edward Brannick, John J. Sherlock, Frederick Maussman, Nicholas J. Reuland, James C. Holland, T. J. Francis Cavanaugh, Peter B. Carey, John T. Burke, Frank Nolan, John R. Cooke, James Monroe, John Scully, John Zimmerman, John T. Donohue, H. S. Kelgan, Enos Hamer, Thomas Madden, William E. Reich, James D. Stacey, A, V. Gillespie, Frank N. Walsh, Lawrence E. McGann, H. J. Connelly, Leo A. Murray, Thomas Davey, Charles Witthoeft, John McCormick, William Gilmore, James Butler, John T. McEnery, Thomas Campbell, Richard F. FiU- gerald, Philip Barry, Robert Quinlan. Printing Committee William Callaghan, Chairman. Frank J. Hayes, George C. LeBeau, J. W. Buckley, John E. Cooney, William Galvin, Frank T. McGlynn, Alexander Donovan, S. C. Wierschen. 'r^^^-tt% /.'-•.N '^^•-•A'* o cS Q o o 3 o O 0^ o IT: POST WAR ACTIVITIES 897 state- Wide Promotion Committee Johu E. Coouey, Chairman. This committee consists of all Grand Knights outside of Cook county. , Polish Societies Anthony Czarneeki, Chairman. Casiniir Zyelilinski, Felix P. Garbark, John S. Zawiliuski, N. Ij. Piotrowski, Joseph Pionke, Ignac Wrobleski, Joseph Niemiec, A. Emilia Napieralski, Joanna Andrzejewski, Victoria M. Latwis, Albert F. Soska, Albert Mankieki, Thomas S. Blachowski, Marion G. Kudlick, John Ciaglio, Michael Komorowski, Boleslas Kalish, Leon Drezdzik, Dr. Albert Pietrykowski, J. Kawczewicz, Eoman Hanasz, John Z. Wieklin- ski, Walter W. Goralski, J. Brzostke, W. J. Andrzejewski, F. J. Toni- czak, Zyg. Wisniewski, Vac. Duzewski, John S. Eybicki, Apolinary Ruszezyk, Frank Peska, The Rev. Thomas Bona, The Rev. Francis Gordon, C. R., The Rev. W. Warakomski. Representing National Alliar.ces of Bohemian Catholics Rev. Frank G. Hajicek, Dr. Mathoy E. Lurcntz, Dr. Francis W. Jed- licka, James A. Calek. French Societies Alphonse Canipione, Chairman. Under the continuous direction of Dii-ector Houlihan and the State Secretary, Henry J. Lynch, these committees per- fected details and had all arrangements completed by the time the reception began. The great outstanding feature of the reception, of course, was the parade, which organized on Michigan boulevard, north of the link bridge, and moved southward past the grand stand, which was located on Grant Park, between Monroe street and Jackson boulevard, in the following order : 1. Motorcycle police, -2. Mounted police. 3. Five hundred polifc luidcr conunand of Chief of Police Charles C. Fitzmorris. 4. Five hundred firemen under commnnd of Edward J. Buckley, fire marshal. .J. Automobiles — First car: Marshal Ferdinand Foch, General 898 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS W. D. Connor, U. S. A., representing the United States government; James A. Flaherty, Supreme Knight, representing the Knights of Columbus; Mayor William Hale Thompson of the city of Chicago. Second car: Chief of Marshal Foch 's staff, military aides. Third, fourth, fifth and sixth cars Special escort under Hon. James Donahoe. 6. Grand Marshal Hon. Francis P. Brady and staff. 7. Band. Edward Houlihan, State Deputy, chairman Marshal Foch reception committee. 8. Supreme Officers — Martin H. Carmody, Deputy Supreme Knight; William J. McGinley, Supreme Secretary; Daniel J. Callahan, Supreme Treasurer; Joseph C. Pelletier, Supreme Advocate; Dr. Edward W. Buckley, Supreme Physician; Rev. P. J. McGivney, Supreme Chaplain; David F. Supple, Suj^reme Warden. 9. Supreme Board of Directors — John F. Martin, Luke E. Hart, William P. Larkin, William J. Mulligan, John A. O'Dwyer, John H. Reddin, William D. Dwyer, Paul Leche, John J. Leddy, John F. O 'Neill, James J. McGraw, William F. Fox, Joseph J. Meyers, Frank J. Lonergan, Edward Houlihan. 10. District Deputies. 10%. Society of French War Veterans. 11. Detachment U. S. Navy, under command of Lt. Comdr. Webb C. Sayes, with Great Lakes' Band. 12. Detachment of U. S. Marines. 13. Detachment TJ. S. Army, under command of Major Levi G. Brown. 14. Band. 1.5. Fourth Degree Knights of Columbus, under Marshal Thomas P. Flynn. Aides — Jerome J. Crowley, James C. O'Brien, Theo. E. Cornell, John E. Maloney, Judge John M. O'Connor, Edw. V. Savory, George Serak, Charles J. Mayer, Thomas T. Kelly, P. J. Lynch, Edward Kirchberg, Theo. J. Bourke, John J. Plielan, John J. Fox, Francis D. Connery, Francis Sammons, Lawrence T. Riordan. Chaplain — Moses E. Kiley. 16. Band. 17. Jeremiah Kennelly, President of the Chicago Chapter, with Officers and ex-Presidents of the Chicago Chapter. 18. Councils of Third degree Knights of Columbus. 19. Catholic Order of Foresters. Luxemburger Brotherhood of America. 20. Catholic Daughters of America. 21. Polish organizations. 22. Bohemian societies. POST WAR ACTIVITIES 899 23. Ladies' Catholic and Slovac Union. The reviewing stand will be located on the east side of Michigan avenue, opposite Congi-ess street. Marshal Foch will review the parade from his box in the center of the stand. Space on south side of reviewing stand will be reserved for wounded soldiers. By order of: GRAND MARSHAL FRANCIS P, BRADY. JAMES RONAYNE, Chief of StafP. Official: ARTHUR BROCHE, Adjutant. Next in importance after the parade was the banquet in the evening which was attended by more than 2,000 guests, and at which Right Reverend P. J. Muldoon, Bishop of Rock- ford, pronounced the invocation. State Deputy and Supreme Director Edward Houlihan introduced the toastmaster. Su- preme Knight James A. Flahert}-, who, in turn, introduced Rear Admiral William S. Benson and Joseph Scott of Cali- fornia, who made addresses, and John McCormack, the re- nowned tenor, who sang ' ' The Star Spangled Banner. ' ' The feature of the addresses was the utterance by Marshal P^ch, which, translated freely, reads as follows : Marshal Foch's Address Brother Knights of Columbus and Distinguished Friends Here Pres- ent: — I wish in vain for suitable words in which to express my appre- ciation of the many kind sentiments conveyed to me at this banquet board, but I find, under the circumstances, that no words can ade- quately describe the gratitude in my heart, not for these kind expres- sions alone, but for the greater service, the memory of which rises above all other thoughts, namely, the help given me in France, whereby success was made possible. (Applause.) You raised a magnificent monument to Lafayette in the city of Metz. There in that noble work of art Lafayette sits astride his horse, sword in hand, signifying the consummation of justice, and here am I to tell you what Lafayette would wish to say were he here. The placing by the Knights of Columbus of the statue of Lafayette 900 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS TX ILLINOIS at Metz evideuees the high regard in which Americans hold the memory of our national hero, but mv visit to this city, and the marvelous demonstration here today, embodying the spirit of the Knights of Columljus and of American citizenship, surpasses any conception I had derived from the placing of the statue, and raises to the utmost my hopes that the spirit of Christianity, as manifested in our society, will become the moving force of the world. (Applause.) At the outset I wish to express my sincere appreciation to you for admitting me within your ranks. My earnest endeavor will be to prove worthy of the tribute you have paid me this evening by granting me complete membership in the order. (Applause.) It was the noble sentiments that have animated the American people that gave us new hope during the war in Europe, and undoubt- edly led us to final victory. (Applause.) These sentiments were a wholesome guide during the war, and war is a necessary evil to the achievement of peace. When the time came through the gallant work of our fighting forces that the war could be brought to an early con- summation, every energy was exerted to prevent unwarranted blood- shed — for when p)eace can be achieved continued was is murder, for which those responsible Uiust some day reckon with their Maker. (Applause.) As soon as the conditions of peace were fulfilled, it was our duty to accept them, and when on the 28th of June, all conditions imposed upon them having been fulfilled, it Vjehooved us to accept, in order that we might feel that our full duty had been performed and not overdone. (Ap])lause.) If a written peace has not yet achieved for the world all the results it should have brought, still it Is our duty by our example and our pre^cept to so animate the peoples of the world with confidence in ourselves that they may return to work, become useful citizens again, and enjoy the blessings of peace. (Applause.) Peace! We shaU have it only on the same conditions that we had war. We must fight for it in the moral order as we fought for it in the physical order. (Applause.) Peace was promised by the Most High on the first Christmas night, "Peace on earth, good will to men." To whom? Not to the strong or the weak alone, but only to one class, "to men of good will," and to preserve peace, therefore, there must be in the bottom of our hearts real, true, good will — without which it is only a sham peace. (Applause.) All of us are imbued beyond doubt with a real desire for peace. Through good will there is no doubt that we will soon be maintaining a peaceful attitude and persevering in it, to the end that we may obtain the real peace vre seek. (Applause.) IV 3 c CIj m >, a j= u o El, 902 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS The Knights of Columbus have staged many large and impressive gatherings, but no event in the history of the Order has exceeded in numbers and interest the Foeh recep- tion at Chicago. In appreciation of the wonderful success M^H ^^H K^^^H Br^9 HJ^p^fli ^V '^^^^1 H^^V^' ji Bj^H ^b^^ ■IHHI^^^^H ^^^^Ifeiil iiii nimiuM HON. FRANCIS P. BRADY, Marshal Foch Day Parade GEN. EDWARD H. WHITE. Asst. Marshal Foch Day Parade of the reception, William J. McGinley, Supreme Secretary, spontaneously exclaimed : "It was away and beyond anything we had dared to hope for. Only one city in America could have done it, and that was Chicago." This sentiment Avas echoed by Supreme Knight James A. Flaherty and other Supreme Officers. Supreme Director Houlihan in a statement to the officers POST WAR ACTIVITIES 903 and members of the Order, summed up the success of the re- ception as follows : ILLINOIS STATE COUNCIL Office of State Deputy Marshal Focli has come and has gone. The Knights of Columbus and their friends — all Chicago— welcomed him so enthusiastically that he will never forget his Sunday in Chicago. He says this and he is a truthful man. He is not demonstrative, but he was deeply affected by the spon- taneous, hearty greetings he received, and he did not hesitate to say so. We were told that we would be in a position where we would be counted. I felt confident that we had no reason to fear either count or inspection. When told of this the Grand Knights said they were ready to be counted. In almost every instance the actual number parading under council banners exceeded the promise of the Grand Knight. The numbers in line and the fine appearance of the Knights won the admiration of spectators and gladdened the heart of the officers of the Order. There was no confusion, no disorder, no complaints. Everybody moved with military precision. The Marshal, the Grand Knights and the committees in charge have reason to be proud of their work, and I am proud of them. The banquet was an inspiring demonstration. There was formality only in dress. Everyone was happy, each man seemed to feel that he individuallj' was the host and acted accordingly. Some of the best known Knights in Chicago served on committees that required their entire attention during the banquet, and consequently they had neither time nor opportunity to eat, but no complaint came from them. They were happy to serve. As State Deputy I most heartily thank these men and also those who worked night and day during the two weeks of hurried, strenuous preparation. They made success possible. The Order owes to them the great prestige that came to it by reason of the remarkable success of Marshal Foch Day. Later I hope to say more to you than is possible in this hurried note, bu<; I feel that it will be impossible even then to express to you our gratitude for your magnificent co-operation."" Sincerely and fraternally, EDWARD HOULIHAN. 10 A complete account of the Foch rccoption appiars in the several issues of the Columbian for October and November, 1921. 904 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLUNOIS One of the most recent and at the same time most satis- fying undertakings of Knights of Columbus in Illinois is the building of an unusually commodious club house and community center by the joint action of seven councils situ- ated on the west side of Chicago. This latest and in many respects greatest Knights of Columbus Home in process of erection near the corner of Cicero Avenue and ]Madison Street when complete will be three stories and basement of brick and stone fireproof con- struction and will afford accommodations for five thousand men and five hundred women at the same time, as measured by the number of locker rooms. In devising the plans the architects, Shattuck & Layer, the leading firm of community house designers, have given special consideration to the needs and comforts of those who will use the building ; and from their long experience in planning buildings of this kind have developed features which give architectural beauty combined with practical utility. Nothing has been spared to make the building thorough and complete in every way, providing a variety of equipment which will meet all requirements. The rooms will be of ample size and will be furnished in the most approved manner. Besides ample corridors and reception rooms there will be all necessary quarters for council purposes, a fully equipped gymnasium, 80 by 50 feet, the largest swimming pool in Chi- cago, complete billiard and bowling quarters, a magnificent ballroom, hand ball and indoor base ball courts and special fjuarters for women and for children. The building operations are in charge of a corporation organized for the purpose and known as the Knights of Co- lumbus West Side Building Corporation, the directorate of which is as follows : Edward Houlihan, Father Setters Coun- cil, John J, Powers, Americus Council, James J. Walsh. Charles Carroll Council, John Gorman, Damen Council, Edward J. Sordelet, Feehan Council, Dr. Joseph L. c c ■5 eS e- z - B 5 z - - j'5 St" - •}. - 5 - s! z 2 _ u - a ^ 'J c 906 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS Russell, Hughes Council, and John J. Collins, Phil Sheridan Council. The project is financed completely by members of the seven councils under a very attractive plan and is already upon a sound basis. A QUARTER OF A CENTURY IN RETROSPECT By way of recapitulation, it is of interest to recall that although the Order of the Knights of Columbus was founded March 29, 1882, it was not officially established in Illinois until July 7, 1896. At that time the entire Order consisted of less than twenty thousand members, and no work of any importance, outside the collection and payment of a death benefit, had been undertaken. The membership in Illinois has therefore participated in every species of genuine service that the Order has even entered upon. The Illinois State Council was completely organized on the 16th of February, 1898. Accordingly, while the Order had, on July 7, 1921, been in existence in Illinois for twenty- five years, the State Council of Illinois will reach the com- pletion of its twenty-fifth year February 16, 1923. Chicago Council, No. 182, celebrated the twenty-fifth an- niversary of its establishment and the establishment of the Order in Illinois on July 7, 1921. On that occasion a banquet was served at the Hotel Sherman, and the Supreme Knight of the Order, James A. Flaherty, came from his home in Philadelphia to be present, and after the spread delivered a remarkable address. Seven survivors of the original twenty- three members constituting the initial class were present and participated in the banquet. The regular program was as follows: Invocation by Council Chaplain, Rev. S. R. Rou- mie; Welcome, Grand Knight F. B. AUegretti; "A Message from the East," Supreme Knight James A. Flaherty, of Phil- adelphia; "Twenty-five Years in Retrospect," State Deputy Edward Houlihan. Besides the speakers named in the offi- POST WAR ACTIVITIES 907 eial prog-ram each of the survivors, vis., Dr. D. P. Russell, Judge Hugh J. Kearns, Charles E. Couley, John J. McCarthy, Raymond Cardona, George V. Mclntyre and Edmund S. Cum- mings, made addresses. The arrangements for the celebration were in charge of a committee, of Avhich State Secretary Henry J. Lynch, Past Grand Knight of Chicago Council, was chairman, and the observance was in every way satisfactory. To mark the twenty-fifth anniversary a history of the Council was prepared by Richard J. Murphy, since deceased, which was the first permanent memorial to the Order in Illinois. In turn Marquette Council and De LaSalle Council have passed their twenty-fifth anniversaries, and each has marked the event by a celebration. At the convention of the State Council, held in Galesburg in August, 1922, provision was made for the observance of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the establishment of the Illi- nois State Council, such observance to be held in connection with the State Convention, to assemble in Quincy in August, 1923, and also in connection with the observance of the 250th anniversary of the discovery of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers by Father James Marquette, S.J., and his lay com- panion, Louis Jolliet. The story of the Knights of Columbus, and especially that of the Order in Illinois, as unfolded in these pages, re- gardless or in spite of the defects in its telling, presents a record of many really worthy achievements, a record that surprises many, even members of the Order. The activities of individual councils were, of course, fairly well known in their immediate localities. The story of the larger move- ments in which all councils participated was also known to some extent, but the information regarding any of the Order's activities was quite general, and in no case in such form as to be transmittable to new members or to the public. It has 908 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS IN ILLINOIS been the purpose of the author of this volume to so present the salient facts in connection with the establishment and existence of the society that not alone members but the public as well may know the Society as it is, and also that the publication may constitute an accurate and fairly com- plete source of information concerning the Order for the period for which it was written. This book was begun in 1920 It was intended to cover the first twenty-five years of the record of the Knights of Colum- bus in Illinois. It will be remembered that the first Illinois council (Chicago, 182) was instituted on July 7th, 1896, and tliat tlie State CV)uiieil was organized on the 16th of February, 1898. Accordingly tlie twenty-fifth anniversary of the first council was July 7th, 1921, and the twenty-fifth anniversary of the State Council was February 16th, 1923. The last forms go to the press just as the year 1923 comes to a close. This final note gives opportunity to make mention of an active council organized since the record of the other councils was written and put in permanent form, namely, Archbishop Quigley Cou)icil, No. 2428. This vigorous young council, the bearer of a most distinguished name, is located near the Holy Name Cathedral on the near North Side of Chicago and on the first of April, 1923, had 145 members. District Deputy, John F. Bolton was sponsor and organizer of the Council and the new agency of activity is peculiarly fortunate in possess- ing the good will of Rt. Rev. Msgr. Thomas M. Bona, who is a. source of much valuable assistance. Henry Council, No. 2405, was organized a little earlier in 1923 at the city of that name. The future historiographer will render a good account of these units. This addenda provides an opportunity also to note an im- portant action of the Supreme Council taken at the annual meeting in 1923 through which boys of the ages of fourteen to seventeen inclusive may be organized into something like junior councils under the name of Columbian Squires. Mo- POST WAR ACTIVITIES 909 mentous possibilities lie in this movement which the historian of the next twenty-five years will no doubt chronicle at length To sum np and bring- our data to the present it is interest ing to note that at the beginning of the present century, Jan- uary, 1900, the total membership of the Order was 42,267. while the last official i-eport available. Octobei- 81. 1923, shows a membership of 771,181. The War summary on ])age 660 shows that on December 81, 1917, there were in Illinois 43.96-'? members, while the i-eport of State Secretary Hcju-y J. Lyncli for April 1, 1923, shows that there were at that date 75,081) members in Illinois. To the present more than seventy-five thousand and to all members of the Order, and to all weli- v.ishers. cordial greetings arc extended. GENERAL INDEX Accomplishments of Order, 41 A. E. F. in Siberia, 606 A. E. F. in Vladivostok, 618 On the Argonne, 620 In Vladivostok, 624 Alleman Council, sketch, 325 Allouez Council, sketch, 172 Alton Council, sketch, 139 Council Home, 140 Althoff, Rt. Rev. Henry A., D.D., bishop of Belleville, cut, 22 Friend of Order, 27 Americus Council, sketch, 290 Ancient Order of United Workmen, reference to, 11 Andrenach. Germany, K. of C. club at, 789 Annals of K. of C, 558 Applications, first, 33 Aquinas, Thomas, Council, sketch, 257 Base Ball Team, 556 Arthur, King, and Round Table, 72 Assumption Council, sketch, 240 Athletics, notes on, 552 Rules, 555 Auburn Park Council, sketch, 341 Aurora Council, sketch, 188 Babst, Rev. Julius, chaplain, sketch, 836 Portrait, 841 Bagley, A. G., Gen. Field Sec, let- ter. 800 Balls, Chapter, 433 Homecoming, 437 Sectional, 438 Barassa, Bernard P., 797 Barry. Commodore, Council, sketch, 261 Council Home, 262 Country Club, 265 Barthel, August, cut, 245 Batavia Council, sketch, 372 Base Ball. 539 BeardstOTvn Council, sketch, 173 Behan, Louis J.. Pres't Chicago Chap- ter, cut, 436 Belleville Council, sketch, 244 Belvidere Council, sketch. 187 Benedict XV, portrait, 16 Allocution, 17 Bloomington Council, sketch, 155 Blue Island Council, sketch, 304 Baton, presented Marshal Foch, 884 Bogan, William J.. LL.D., in charge of K. of C. Schools, 864 Bolshevism, opposed by Order, 45 Borrelli, Hon. Francis P., cut, 358 Bouillon, Godfrey de, reference and sketch, 74 Bolton, John F., Dist. Dep., cut, 510 Boxing, at camp, 747 Bradley, Travis, Sec. Entertainer, 796 Sketch, 870 Brady, Francis P., Marshal, Foch Parade, 902 Braidwood Council, home, 180 Sketch. 326 Breen, Rev. F. X., S.J., cut, 358 Brennan, Thomas V., cut, 133 Brew, George J., 614 Brown, Hon. E. O., cut, 195 Brown, William N., State Deputy, portrait, 418 Activities. 401 Brownson Council, sketch, 248 Council Home, 248 Interior view, 250 Bruerton, M. J., sketch, 778 Burke, Hon. Joseph P., 635 Butler, C. M., Siberia, 594 Buildings, Recreation Hall, Great Lakes, 740 Recreation Room, Camp Grant, 745 No. 4, Camp Grant, 759 Byrnes, John E., Pres't Chicago Chapter, cut, 445 Cairo Council, sketch, 242 Caldwell, Charles P., M.D., cut, 228 Calumet Council, sketch, 163 Council Home, 164 Calvert Council, sketch, 199 Cannon, Thomas H., 118 Cardinal Council, sketch, 345 Carlinville Council, sketch, 176 Cardiff, Wales, Service Men's Club, 783 Carmody, Daniel H., Sec, 786 Carlyle Council, sketch, 307 Carr, Patrick J., cut. 241 Carrollton Council, sketch, 365 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, Coun- cil, sketch, 195 Base Ball Team, 546 Casey, Emmett P., Gold Star, 686 "Casey," 768 Casey, M. E., Sec, 778 Catholic University Endowment, 392 Correspondence, Cardinal Gibbons, 393 First Contributions, 394 Half Million Endowment, 398 Cecelia, Louis, decorated, 701 Centenary, Illinois, 570 Observance, 571 Centralia Council, sketch, 239 Ceremonials of Knights of Columbus, 500 Chapel, K. of C, at Great Lakes, 741 Chaplains, at Camp Grant, 749 At Great Lakes, 742 War, 823 Roster, 824 Chapter Outings, 437 Card Room, 441 Miscellaneous Activities, 465 Officers. 465 910 GENERAL INDEX 911 Chateau Thierry, view, 577 Chatsworth Council, sketch, 184 Chicago Council, sketch. 110 Charter Members, 114 Chicago Heights Council, sketch, 235 Chicago Chapter, 427 Organization, 428 Headquarters, 431 Christmas Cheer, 460 Church, encourages and promotes order. 11 , „„„ Clinnin, Col. John V., decorated. 688 Clinton Council, sketch. 243 Coen, Bernard J., cut, 274 CofFev, Joseph M. Employment Bu- reau, 872 CoUinsville Council, sketch. 350 Columbus, frontispiece, Landing Day. holiday, 41 Chapter on, 91 Devotion and Piety, 97 Character and Life. 105 Columbus Council, sketch. 226 Basket Ball Team. 559 Columbus Monument, Washington, D. C. 563 Unveiling. 562 Columbian Double Quartette. 49o Colwell. Daniel, appraised, 28 Biographical sketch, 38 Concerts. Chicago Chapter. 434 Condon, James G.. Dist. Dep., 501 Connors. George, cut, 222 Commercial Council, sketch. 206 Connerrv, Francis D.. cut. 130 Connerry, John T., cut. 342 Cook, Samuel E., cut, 346 Coonev, John E., Dist. Dep., 518 Cooney, M. M., cut, 274 Connolly. Rev. John J., Chaplain. So4 Cut. 855 ^ „^„ Costello, John J., sketch. SOj Crapple, Guy C. Sec, sketch, 811 Law aass, 811 _. , .^ Crivello. Joseph B.. Dist. Dep.. 50( Crowley, Jerome J., Master Fourth Degree, 480 Crusades, notes. 80 Cummings. Thomas Harrison, orga- nizer. Ill Cvclone. relief. 43 Czarnecki. Anthony, cut.^29 Dalv James, overseas Sec., sketcn. "769 Cut, 774 Damen Council, sketch. 168 Bowling Team. 542 Danville Council, sketch 194 Darch. Rev. Harris A., Chaplain, portrait. 833 Sketch. 834 ^ ^,^ Davev. Thomas H., cut. dl» Decatur Council, sketch. 15 ( Decorated and Cited. 619 DeKalb Council, sketch, 182 Council Home. 183 Delaney. John J., instituted Chicago Council. Ill Portrait. 114 DeLaSalle Council, sketch, 119 Interior Views, 119 Council Home. 121 Delegates, to Supreme Conventions, 49 DeSoto Council, sketch, 14o Bowling Team, 553 Dever, Hon. William E., cut, 152 Directors, Supreme, 47 District Deputies, 523 Diver, J. Emmett, decorated, 707 Dixon Council, sketch, 179 Donahoe, James, Pres't Chicago Chapter, cut. 436 Donohue, James J., Gold Star, 6(8 Donohue, John T., cut, 222 Donovan, Thomas E., cut, 133 Dore, Rev. John P., St. Chaplain, cut, 381 ^ „_^ Dowling. Daniel. Council, sketch. 2o4 Dufifv, Sergeant F. P.. had degree "work tried on him first, 29 Duggan. Michael P.. sketch. 788 Dunne. Rt. Rev. Edmund M.. D.D.. cut. 22 Friend of Order. 26 Dunne. Edward F.. cut. 152 Dunne, Timothy B., sketch, 821 Cut, 822 ^ „^„ Du Pontaris Council, sketch. 203 DuQuoin Council, sketch, 296 Dwight Council, sketch, 293 East St. Louis Council, sketch. 162 Earthquake. San Francisco, 42, 396 Edwardsville Council, sketch. 270 Educational Work. 863 Subjects, 867 Eligibles, 867 Statistics. 868 At Springfield. 868 At Peoria. 869 Effingham Council, sketch. Im Egan. J. Parnell, sketch. 7io Director Zone. 5. 776 Hearn letter. 776 At Notre Dame. 776 Concerts in London. 77 1 Portrait. 777 Elbus, George J.. Gold Star. 680 Elgin Council, sketch. IJl Elmhurst Council, sketch, 3bl Emblems, 83 Employment Work. 8<2 Engler. Harry. 580 Bnglewood Council, sketch. !-.( Council Home. 128 Enright, Frank J., cut. 216 Erhart. Lt. A. J.. Decorated. 693 Essav, Prize War. 886 Evarisville Council, sketch, 363 Evers. John, sketch, 787 Cut. 787 Ewerts. Peter, cut. 198 Explosion, relief. 43 . Falconio. Msgr. Dionxd*-. d.cision on K of C. transmitted to, 15 Familv. Basis of Society. 51 Feehan. Most Rev. Patrick .Xugustlne, D.D.. portrait, 20 912 GENERAL INDEX Feehan Council, sketch, 192 Fenton, Patrick J., Sec, 782 Ferry, John J., Dist. Dep., cut, 513 "Fighting Seventh," sketch, 580 Fitzmaurice, Charles J., cut, 308 Fitzgerald, Lawrence M., Sec, 772 Cut. 779 Fltzgibbons, Maurice, Sec, sketch, 785 Flanagan, Hon. Patrick B., cut. 229 Flaherty, James A., Supreme Knight. 40 Fleming, Garrett S., Sec, sketch. 774 Cut, 819 Fleming, George W.. cut, 270 Floods, relief, 42. 400 Flori. Rev. Charles, Chaplain, 854 Flynn. Thomas P., Master Fourth Degree, 473 Flynn, Thomas W.. Dist. Dep., cut. 504 Foch. Marshal Ferdinand, reception, 888 Portrait, 889 Committees, 890 Fourth Degree section, parade, 892 Section of Knights of Columbus, 896 Parade described, 899 Foch's Address, 899 Banquet Board, 901 State Deputies' Proclamation. 903 Foley, Rt. Rev. William M., Vicar General of Chaplains. 823 Ford. John R., Dist. Dep., 502 Foreword. 7 Fort Dearborn Council, sketch, 196 Founders of Order, 31 Group, 32 Named, 35 Foundation, Catholic, at State Uni- versity, 413 Foster. Rev. Christopher P., St. Chaplain, cut. 391 Fourth Degree, 472 Exemplifications, 476 Staff, 489 Activities. 492 Franklin Park Council, sketch. 362 Fraternal Benefit Societies, 11 Frawley. Rev. Lawrence W., Chap- lain, sketch, 854 Preeport Council, sketch. 169 Frieburg, Josepli J., Dist. Dep.. 522 Gahlman. Rev. F.. cut. 353 Galena Council, sketch, 179 Galesburg Council, sketch, 153 Council Home, 154 Gallagher, T. J., cut, 268 Gannon, James P., sketch, 799 Gasquet, Cardinal Adian. cut, 855 General Sherman Council, sketch, 310 Genoa Council, sketch. 337 Council Home, 337 Geraty, Michael J., Dist. Dep.. 513 Gibbons, Cardinal, James, cut, 19 Gibbons, Hon, John, cut, 223 Gillespie Council, sketch. 368 Ginster, Rev. Amos, chaplain, 854 Girard, Rev. Arthur L., Chaplain, portrait. 839 Sketch, 855 Girten, Michael F., cut, 449 Gleason, Michael W., cut, (rleason, Ray, Sec, sketch, 798 Gold Star Roster, 664 Gorman, John J., Dist. Dep., 509 Fir.st Members in Chicago. Ill I^afavi'tte Council, sketch, 129 Lafayette, Statue at Metz, 882 Unveiling, 883 Lake Forest Council, sketch, 288 Laml)ert. L. A.. Council, sketch, 32S Landing Day Celebrations, by Chi- cago Chapter. 440 LaRaliiiUi and the Caravels, 99 LaRabida Council, sketch. 230 Latchford, George P.. Sr.. cut. 270 Laucrmann. Rev. Joseph B.. Chap- lain. 840 Cut, 850 Lawson, L. J., cut. 268 LcBeau. George A., cut, 324 Lectures, under auspices of Supreme Council. 47 General, 568 Leo XIII, portrait, 16 Leo XIII Council, sketch. 20(i Council Home. 201 Leo (Moline) Council, sketch. IM Council Home. ISO Lemont Council, sketch. 331 Lcnnon, Edmund II., Sec, hrst to die abroad. 782 Libonati. Michael, Sec, died ui serv ice, 774 Cut, 779 ^^, ^„ Lillis, John T., Pres't Chicago < hap- ter, 445 „„ , Lincoln Council, sketch, 284 Council Home, 285 Llnd, Albert B., Sec, sketch 80 1 Litchfield Council, sketch. 204 Lovola-Hydc Park Council, sketch. ■ 222 Lucey. Patrick J., cut, 136 Luthringer, Dr. J. P., Master tourlli Degree, 480 „„_ Lynch, Henry J., St. Sec, cut .38^ Lyon. George W.. St. Sec, cut, SSi 914 GENERAL INDEX Madonna Council, sketch, 267 Council Home, 269 Maher, James, State Deputy, activi- ties, 398 Portrait, 403 Majewski, Casimer, Gold Star, G.S4 Malta, Knights of, cut, 81 Hospice, 85 Maloney, John E., cut, 130 Marquette Council, sketch, 117 Mass, First in the New World, 94 Mattoon Council, sketch. 253 Meyering, Capt. William D., cut, 692 McArdle, Patrick L., State Deputy. activities. 377 Portrait, 383 First Master Fourth Degree. 474 McCabe, Rev. F. X., CM., LL.D., cut, 213 McCann, Daniel A.. Pres't Chicago Chapter, cut. 436 McCarthy, Patrick J., cut, 274 McCarthy, Emmet J., cut, 635 McCarthy, Rev. George T., War Chap- lain, portrait, 825 Sketch, 832 McCormack, John, Concerts. 435 McCormick, John A., Master Fourth Degree, 473 McDermott, F. O'., Gerard and Gerald, athletes, 548 McDonald, Hon. Charles A., cut, 146 McDonough, Walter, decorated, 698 McEnery, John T., Dlst. Dep., 502 McEnery, Patrick B., Gold Star, 686 McGinley, William J., Supreme Sec'y, 40 McGivney, Rev. Michael J., sketch, 38 McGoorty, Hon. John P.. cut, 415 McGuire. Rev. William F., Chaplain, 837 McHale, Martin R.. cut, 268 McHale. Archbishop, Council, sketch, 280 McHenry Council, sketch, 295 McKenna, Hugh A., Gold Star, 674 McKenna, Phillip J., cut, 125 McMahon, Edward J., Ass't Sec'y Chicago Chapter. 455 McMahon, Francis J., Sec, 777 Cut. 781 McMahon, Joseph A., Dist. Dep., 518 McMannis, Dr. William T., National Physician, sketch, 62 McQuaid, Arthur Francis, M.D., Gold Star, 682 McQualde, Martin J., Sec, 782 Melody, Rev. John Webster, D.D., cut, 213 Mendota Council, sketch, 369 Mercier, Desire, Cardinal, welcome, 885 Cut. 885 Metz, Pilgrimage, 878 Miller, John F., cut, 449 Minonk Council, sketch, 232 Molz, Dr. Charles O., cut, 245 Monaghan, Rev. Daniel P., sketch, 837 Mooney, Vincent P., cut, 284 Monmouth Council, sketch, 317 Moore, Dr. John A., Master Fourth Degree, 480 Moreno, Garcia, Council, sketch, 339 Morrison, Rev. Sidney J., Chaplain Fourth Degree, cut, 483 Sketch, 837 Morrisonville Council, sketch, 271 Morrissey, Edward J., cut, 141 Muldoon, Rt. Rev. Peter J., State Chaplain, 26 Portrait, 407 MuUaly, William, cut, 703 Mullens, James F., first suggested initian, 29 Mulligan, George, cut, 308 Mundav, Rev. Joseph B., Chaplain. 847 Mundelein, Most Rev. George Wil- liam, D.D., portrait, 20 Letters, 762 Munich, Anthony, sketch, 803 Murphy, Rev. William A., D.D., Chaplain, 842 Murphysboro Council, sketch, 232 Mt. Carroll Council, sketch, 301 Mt. Sterling Council, sketch, 292 Council Home, 292 Naperville Council, sketch, 305 Nazareth Council, sketch, 330 Nealis, Rev. Martin Joseph, Chaplain, sketch, 854 Newman Council, sketch, 255 New Regime, 40 Newton Council, sketch, 349 Newton, Emil, Sec, sketch. 814 Nokomis Council, sketch, 371 Xoone, Michael, decorated, 707 Xormoyle, Dennis P., Pres't Chicago Chapter, cut, 436 Nuns, of Battlefield, 767 Oak Park Council, sketch. 322 Council Home, 323 Officers. State, 426 Olney Council, sketch. 302 Oregon Council, sketch. 259 Ormsby, Emmet T., aviator, cut, 641 Ouilmette Council, sketch, 225 Outings, Chicago Chapter, 442 O'Brien, James C, Dist. Dep., 510 O'Brien, Rev. John A., cut. 415 O'Brien, Martin J., cut. 291 O'Brien, Quin, cut, 313 O'Connell, Brendan M., cut, 367 O'Connell, Daniel, Council, sketch, 251 Council Home, 252 Indoor Baseball, team, 544 O'Connell, Emmett P., Gold Star, 662 O'Connell, John F., 580 O'Connell, Richard, 580 O'Connell, Thomas F., General Secre- tary, 794 O'Connell, William L., cut, 233 O'Connor, James F., Sec, sketch, 814 Cut, 815 O'Connor, Hon. John M., cut, 146 O'Connor, Maurice F., Gold Star, 684 GENERAL INDEX 915 O'Donnell, C. F., aviator, 702 O'Donnell. Rev. John L., Chaplain, sketch, 826 Portrait, 831 O'Halloran, John .1., Decorated. 698 O'Hearn, Rev. John J., Chaplain, por- trait. 843 O'Keefe, John J., Decorated, 693 O'Kelly, Rev. H. A., cut, 156 O'Kelly, Thomas, Decorated, 702 O'Malley, James J., Sec, 793 Employment Bureau, 872 Report, 873 Sketch, 874 O'Malley, Maurice, Heroic Rescue, 787 O'Meara, Joseph E., cut, 222 O'Shaughnessy, Thomas A., cut, 303 O'Shaughnessy. Francis J., cut, 313 O'Sullivan, John, Concert, 437 Pana Council, sketch, 221 Paris Council, sketch, 211 Patrick Feehan Council, sketch, 218 Penning, Jacques P., Sec. sketch, 813 Perez, Father, Council, sketch, 312 Baseball team, 540 Perez (Lockport) Council, sketch, 279 Council Home, 180 Phil Sheridan Council, sketch. 151 Pinta Council, sketch, 364 Pierre Gibault Council, sketch, 178 Pius X. portrait. 16 Pius XI, portrait, 12 Pontiac Council, sketch, 209 Pope Benedict XV, photographed with Pilgrims to Metz, 879 Post War Activities, 859 Powers, W. E., Sec, sketch, 800 Prayer, Our Nation's, poem, 859 Press, Knights of Columbus, 527 Prystalski, John, cut, 284 Quiglev, Most Rev. James Edward, D.D.. portrait, 20 K. of C. in funeral cortege, 499 Quincy Council, sketch, 158 Council Home, 160 Quinlan. D. F., cut, 198 Radican, Thomas F., Sec. sketch, 812 Rafferty, Joseph P., cut. 342 Rainey. John W., Dist. Dep., 509 Ravenswood Council, sketch, 237 Red Cross, 767 Reilly, Michael K., Master Fourth Degree, 473 Red Knights, figured in founding of Order, 29 Relief Work, Chicago Chapter, 457 Religious Prejudice Commission. 4.5 State Deputy Brown. 401 Retreats, 439 Retrospect, quarter century in. 906 Retzek, Rev. Henry, Chaplain, sketch, 846 Cut. 853 Rice, Rev. Edward F.. Chaplain, por- trait. 835 Sketch, 856 Richard, Couer de Lion, reference and sketch, 74 Ridge Council, sketch, 347 '■Ritual' approved by Bishop, 35 Ring, Sidney W., Dist. Dep., 517 Robinson, Capt. John R., apprecia- tion of K. of C. work, 818 Rochelle Council, sketch, 249 Rockford Council, sketch. 142 Council Home. 143 Roll of Honor, 585 Romagne, 615 Rose, William D., cut, 41 Round Table, 72 Ray, Joseph E.. 325 Russell, D. P., M.D., cut, 324 Russell, James T., Decorated, 698 Ryan. John J., portrait. 430 Ryan, Thomas J., cut, 280 Ryan, William F.. Master Fourth De- gree, cut, 473 San Salvador Council, sketch, 286 Council Home, 287 Santa Maria (Kewanee) Council, sketch, 186 Santa Marie (Chicago) Council, sketch. 319 Council Home. 320 Sarsfield Guards, figured in founding of Order. 29 Satolli, Francis, Apostolic Delegate, examined ceremonies. 14 Sauter, Lewis Edward. State Deputv, 380 Portrait, 397 Schageman, Joseph M., sketch, 805 Schlarmann, Rev. J. H., cut, 220 Schmitt. William J., Sec, sketch, 804 Cut. 819 Schneider, Adam, cut. 298 Scollin, Rev. Walter, Chaplain, sketch 842 Cut, 855 Scott, Melvin H., Decorated, 701 Secretaries at Great Lakes, 739 At Camp Grant, 748 Roster, 770 In foreign service, 775 Seneca Council, sketch. 297 Setters. Father. Council, 289 Shahan, Rt. Rev. T. J., lecture. 399 Sheehan, James T.. General Secre- tary, sketch, 795 Cut, 787 Sheehan, Michael, Decorated. 703 Sheehan, Patrick, Cited, 703 Shields, Gen. James, Council, sketch, 228 Sheridan. Michael, Gold Star. 676 Siedenburg. Rev. Frederic, S.J.. cut, 220 Simon, Francis J., Gold Star. 682 Social Side. Chicago Chapter, 433 Fourth Degree. 488 Sokel, James Anthonv, Gold Star, 667 Cut. 680 Spalding. Most Rev. John Lancaster. D.D.. cut, 11 Friendlv to Order, 26 Quoted, 91 Spalding Council, sketch. 137 Council Home, 13ft 916 GENERAL INDEX Springfield Council, sketch, 135 Sports and Athletics, 539 Starved Rock Council, sketch, 16« Council Home, 167 State Centenary, colebrated at Springfield, 404 State Council, 375 Staunton Council, sketch, 373 Sterling Council, sketch, 174 Council Home, 175 Streator Council, sketch, 198 St. Augustine Council, sketch, 309 St. Cyr Day Council, sketch, 276 Baseball team, 529 St. Francis Xavier Council, sketch, 357 St. Isidore Council, sketch, 273 Council Home, ISO St. James Council, 335 St. Joseph Council, sketch, 334 St. Mary Council, sketch, 361 St. Mihiel, 590 St. Patrick Council, sketch, 351 St. Philip Xeri Council, sk< tch, 355 St. Rita i'ouncil, sketch, 367 St. Viateur Council, sketch, 189 Council Home, 191 Suess, Edward, Dist. Dep., 507 Sullivan, Hon. Dennis K., cut, 287 Sullivan, Justice John J., cut, 237 Sullivan, John Joseph, Gold Star, 671 Sullivan, Roger C, cut, 233 Sullivan, Stanley Francis, Gold Star, 665 Sullivan, William C, 594 Summary, men in service. 658 Supreme Knights, 39 Supreme Ofiicers, 44, 46 Sweitzer, Robert M., cut, 125 Taylorville Council, sketch, 370 Templars, Knights, 11 Cut, 77 Sketch, 79 Thompson, Joseph J., State Deputy, promoted Insurance, 63 Secured increase of benefit, 64 Portrait. 395 Tonti Council, sketch, 326 Tornado at Mattoon, victims aided, 402 Traynor, Frank A., Dist. Dep., 517 Tri-Cities Council, sketch, 260 Trumbull, George T., cut, 256 Tumulty, Joseph P., letter, 575 Twin Citv Council, sketch, 218 Catholic Universtiy Endowment, 47 Unterkoeffler, Rev. Gustave H., Chap lain, sketch, 844 Cut, 853 Utiea Council, sketch, 354 Vattman, Major Edward J., funeral, 877 Vease.v, Edward J., Gold Star, 668 Verdun, 600 Virden Council, sketch. 374 Vladivostok scenes, 603 Vollman, Joseph P., Gold Star, 662 Wall, Maurice J., Sec, sketch, 812 Walsh, Rev. Francis E., Chaplain, sketch, 854 Cut, 855 Walsh, James J., Director Welfare Work, 861 Walsh, Joseph P., Dist. Dep., 522 Waterloo Council, sketch, 299 Council Home, 300 Waukegan Council, sketch, 1S5 Council Home, 185 War Work, chapter on, 716 In and around Chicago, 721 Fort Sheridan, 733 (i^reat Lakes, 737 Camp Grant, 743 Waukegan, 751 Chanute Field, 752 Peoria, 753 War, Responding to the call, 574 First Official act of State Council. 1918, 402 War Work, origin. 769 War Workers, 767 War Funds, 753 Washington Council, sketch, 316 Weber, Maj. C. L., M.D., Decorated West Chicago Council, sketch, 325 Weimer, Herman H., Decorated, 696 Wellner, Edwin C Gold Star. 678 Welcome Home parade, 875 Welfare Funds, 758 Large contributors, 765 Welfare Work organized, 802 White, Gen. Edward H.. Ass't Mar- shal, Poch parade, 902 Wilson, President Woodrow, It'ttej 574 Woodstock Council, sketch, 197 Wounded in Hospital, 732 Young, Rev. Francis C, cut. 298 Prayer and sketch, 859 Young" Men's Christian .\ssocia (ion, 767 r^ Sffi0FC0LUMBUs'Kam0>SCHG0 025304053