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Shadow Entertainments 
 
 AND HOW TO WORK THEM 
 
 BEING 
 
 Something About Shadow Pantomimes 
 and the Way to Make Them 
 Profitable and Funny 
 
 SHADOWOGRAPHY 
 
 PHANTASMAGORICALLY 
 
 PRESENTED 
 
 A. PATTERSON 
 
 PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED 
 
 PUBLISHERS 
 
 the: henne:be:rry co. 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
Copyright 1901 
 
 BY 
 
 THE HENNEBERRY COMPANY. 
 

 COHERE is no form of entertainment 
 fj which affords more real, solid enjoy- 
 ment than that of producing illusive 
 images pantomimically or shadowographically. 
 These are big words to express so small an art, 
 but the chimerical effect produced, if the 
 designs are ludicrously presented, renders a 
 phantasmagorical performance irrepressibly 
 funny. Proportionately as the exaggeration 
 of the object parodied increases, just so great 
 becomes the hilarity of your audience. 
 
 Shadow entertainments have proven a 
 popular form of amusement from time out of 
 memory. Whether at a church social, a club 
 entertainment, or a parlor or public perform- 
 ance, shadowgraphy yet holds first place 
 among the harmless amusements, as it did in 
 the days of our forefathers. 
 
 T 
 
Page. 
 
 Chap. I. Shadow Machinery... ^ 7 
 
 II. Shadow Figures 15 
 
 III. Shadow Workings ... .... 27 
 
 IV. Shadow Plays ... 32 
 
 V. Shadow Tableaux 57 
 
 VI. Shadow Sundries ... 61 
 
 VII. Public Performances ..... 69 
 


 CHAPTER I. 
 
 SHADOW MACHINERY. 
 
 On Shadows . — Mirth-provoking . — The Front . — 
 Framework . — Stays, — Lamp . — Curtains . — Shutting out 
 light. — So/zW fronts. 
 
 There is something uncanny about shadows — a 
 something not easily to be defined. From childhood 
 these insubstantial things have made impressions 
 upon us ; and as a rule, shades and shadows caH forth 
 no pleasantry. In the phases of it to be discussed, 
 however, shadow-land shows up in a new light, and 
 becomes a theatre of downright fun and merriment. 
 A shadow entertainment may be made immensely 
 droll and mirth-provoking. Providing those who 
 may care to “ go in ” for it run upon the lines I shall 
 indicate, a most amusing and inexpensive species of 
 entertainment may be got up for the children for 
 winter evenings ; and not only so, but one which may 
 be made, under certain conditions, profitable to the 
 individual who may choose to make it so; the most 
 essential elements to success being a ready tongue 
 and a humorous turn of mind. For private parties, 
 school entertainments, bazaars, Christmas trees, and 
 
8 
 
 Shadow entertainments. 
 
 such like, nothing could be better adapted, cause 
 more fun, or, when once seen, win greater apprecia- 
 tion, and the outlay necessary is small to absurdity. 
 
 The Frontage.— The “front” for the' exhibition 
 is the first thing to be considered. In providing 
 this much depends upon the tastes of the exhibitor ; 
 it may be severely plain, or very prettily designed 
 and decorated, according as means or necessity 
 may demand, or a “natty” eye and hand may 
 suggest and manufacture. For a home exhibition 
 a stout piece of cord stretched across the corner of 
 a room, with curtains hung thereon, and a sheet 
 to form the shadow-screen, will be quite sufficient, 
 so long as the end sought is attained, viz., opaque- 
 ness everywhere else except in that particular portion 
 of the frontage whereon the shadows shall be cast. 
 In a larger apartment, such as a school-room, this 
 arrangement will be found much too elementary 
 and inexpedient, and it may not be desirable that 
 nails should be driven into the walls; therefore a 
 self-supporting frame must be made, with a screen- 
 work to lit it. Strength, lightness, and portability 
 must all be taken into consideration. I will give 
 dimensions and materials of a liome-ma'ae exhibition 
 of my own — a little affair which has afforded many a 
 hundred youngsters a good round hour's amusement, 
 and furnished fun for young and old at many a festive 
 gathering. That improvements may be made upon 
 my arrangement is taken for granted. 
 
SHADOW MACHINERY. 
 
 9 
 
 The framework (Fig. i) is as follpws: All the splines 
 with the exception pf the upright 9, and the cross- 
 pieces, 5, 6, 7, 8, may be made of f in. stuff, 2 in. 
 wide. The cross-pieces may be of ^ in. by 2 in. in 
 width, but 9 must be 2 in. square. To begin : make 
 1, ia, 2, 2A, of equal length, viz., 8 ft. The dots at 
 each corner represent nuts a~nd bolts : these may be 
 about ij in. or 2 in. The splines of course must be 
 planed, which will deduct a trifle from their stoutness, 
 
10 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 besides saving the fingers from many a splinter. 3 
 and 4 are the same in size as the others ; these must 
 fit at B B and D D, exactly 2 ft. from either side. 
 The oblong space a, formed by adding (by means of 
 nuts and bolts) 7 and 8 to 3 and 4, will be exactly 
 
 4 ft. by 2 ft. I might say that 7 must be 1 ft. from 
 the top, and 8 must be 2 ft. below that. This will 
 give you exactly 5 ft. from 8 to ia. Screw your nuts 
 tight, and you have the front made. To avoid wring- 
 ing and to keep the frame square and firm, cross-stays 
 
 5 and 6 must be fastened on to 3 and 4 ; a bolt in the 
 centre of these will keep them always together, so 
 that no mistaking of its location need occur. From 
 near the top of 3 and 4, to which they may be per- 
 manently joined by hinges, are two stays, 3A and 4A; 
 these are to keep the front upright. At c c are small 
 
 iron angles (Fig. 2), or angles through 
 holes -in which either a screw-eye or a 
 common screw may be turned into the 
 floor to hold the concern firmly. Screw- 
 eyes cost only a halfpenny each, and by 
 means of a small bradawl hole can be 
 turned in by the fingers. Ordinary screws 
 are clumsier and more troublesome. The 
 back upright 9, 8 ft. in length, must now be prepared ; 
 this supports your lamp. It must be placed only 
 sufficiently far from the front for you to work without 
 kriocking against the lamp. At the bottom of the 
 upright, at c c, are the iron angles for fastening it to 
 
SHADOW MACHINERY. 
 
 II 
 
 the floor. In the top of it drive a stiff iron pin (b), 
 or a very large headless round nail, and drive in two 
 others at B b on the front, io and io are simply 
 dropped upon these. The pins passing through holes 
 in io and io complete a firm framework. 
 
 The lamp should have at least an inch burner, with 
 tin reflector and with plain glass. The reflector 
 should be of the scalloped order, and all of a piece 
 with the back, a movable one being somewhat of a 
 nuisance. The lamp must be hung on a very safe 
 
 Fig . 3.— Front for Shadow Screen. 
 
12 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 hook, for a spill might give rise to a serious 
 mishap, and it must be hung about 18 in. or 20 in. 
 from the top, so that it faces the centre of the 
 shadow-sheet area. The shadow of your head will 
 fall just below the spline 8, so that it will not spoil 
 the fun by showing as it would if the lamp were hung 
 lower. If you happen to be taller than the average 
 size of folks, tak'e care to keep as far aside as possible, 
 as the shadow of your head bobbing and dodging to 
 and fro detracts much from the effect of the play 
 being enacted. * 
 
 Now for the curtains (Fig. 3). If possible, the 
 front, with the exception of the shadow-screen in the 
 centre, should be decidedly opaque : otherwise the 
 shadowy outline of the performer will be distinctly 
 visible — a result, needless to say, very undesirable, 
 and one that mars the whole concern. The curtain 
 or curtains may be made of green baize, damask or 
 cretonne. The last is by far the cheapest, prettiest 
 and best. A pattern with bright but not too glaring 
 colours should be chosen, and if possible with a 
 perpendicular striped pattern interspersed with 
 flowers/ It costs but a few pence per yard. My 
 own curtains, which are reversible, have one side 
 with a broad blue striped groundwork, alternating 
 with narrow red stripes picked out with the neatest 
 yellow flower work imaginable. On the other side 
 re^l predominates. 1 prefer the bluest. It will not 
 tike long to reckon up how many yards of cretonne 
 
shadow machinery. 
 
 *3 
 
 are necessary as soon as you know what width the 
 material runs.. Along the top a pretty fringe, with 
 tassels here and there may be fastened, either\straight 
 or festooned : a shorter length will be necessary to 
 attach to the cretonne immediately beneath the 
 shadow-sheet, or “ stage front ” if you like to call it 
 such. It was unfortunate in my own case that the 
 pattern which suited me was somewhat transparent, 
 to obviate which I had to hang up a huge canvas 
 wrapper to “ dullify ” it. A few tacks will hold the 
 curtain on the framework. Before fixing it, however, 
 the shadow-screen must be tacked on tightly and 
 without rucks. This sheet, which should be of the 
 best linen, may be put on with tapes, or loops if 
 preferable, so long as it is tight and there is no fear 
 of rending it. Carefully hang the curtain on,. and if 
 necessary darken it behind, for which purpose even 
 large sheets of brown paper will do. Add any orna- 
 mental device, such as Prince of Wales’s Feathers, a 
 shield, an eagle, or anything else you may choose as 
 a finishing touch. These may be made of tin covered 
 with coloured papers, or plain paper painted, gilded, 
 and perhaps both. 
 
 It only remains to shut in all the light possible 
 above and around you. This may easily be done by 
 enclosing yourself in a triangular curtain made by 
 attaching, by means of tacks, the material on the 
 one side to 4 (Fig. 1), and on the other to 3, passing 
 round 9. A tin immediately over the lamp will shut 
 
u 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 in the light downwards. This can be hung upon a 
 wire held in place by two screw-eyes at w. It is 
 almost needless to say, keep a clear trim lamp. Now 
 you are ready to commence the programme. 
 
 Such a fitting together of separate pieces and 
 screws may be rather objectionable to some, although, 
 when once used to putting the framework together, 
 it can be constructed in less than ten minutes. The 
 front may be very easily made a solid as well as a 
 folding affair by nailing all the corners and cross- 
 pieces together, instead of fastening them with nuts 
 and bolts : in such case two additional splines should 
 be added to the centre and hinges screwed thereon, 
 one, say, immediately below the old boatman (see 
 Fig. 3), and another nearer the bottom. 2, 7, 8, and 
 ia must, of course, be cut through at their centres, 
 and the stays 5 and 6 (see Fig. 1) dispensed with. 
 For permanent fronts, a variety of manufactures 
 might be suggested. None of these folding fronts 
 will equal the spline framework, as described., either in 
 convenience or lightness, both very necessary qualifi- 
 catidns when removal is of frequent occurrence. 
 
 Cow-ardly 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 SHADOW FIGURES. 
 
 Shadow figures. — Height of. — Necessary tools. — How 
 to start manufacture. — Limb-making. — Splitting the 
 rivet. — Lever wires. — Loop Guides. — Names of Figures. 
 — Complicated figures. — Pickman. — Elephant.-— Other 
 animals. — Set pieces . — Windmill. — House. — Wheeled 
 figures. 
 
 Shadow figures may be made of any thin but suffi- 
 ciently stiff material. For a fixed figure, with no 
 mechanical effects, cardboard will do admirably ; it 
 is easy to cut into shape, inexpensive, and very light 
 besides. A friend of mine made a handy little set 
 of figures out of thin zinc, that being exceedingly 
 easy material to work up. My own are of fairly 
 stout tin ; and for mechanical figures that are much 
 in use nothing can be more durable. The tin must 
 be sufficiently “stiff” to carry the levers and rivets 
 necessary to make the figures work. 
 
 The height of the figures is a matter for some 
 consideration : if too big they are cumbersome, while 
 if too small they are simply useless. 6 in. figures 
 will suit a private family party, but 12 in. men will 
 
SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 ib 
 
 be found none too large for more public performances. 
 Most tinmen would hesitate to manufacture a T2 in. 
 figure for less than is. The total cost of a home- 
 made article will be about lid., perhaps less, especi- 
 ally if the amateur tinman is content to purchase 
 waste pieces of tin from the brazier, who is glad to 
 part with them at a nominal figure. Fourpence is 
 the price of an ordinary tin plate or sheet. 
 
 The tools necessary for the business are few and 
 simple (Fig. 4) : (1) a pair of shears, which may be 
 
 had for half a crown, (2) an iron punch with, a 
 sharpened point to it, a file, (3) a small steel chisel, 
 (4) a pair of round-nosed pliers, a pair of ordinary 
 pliers, a common bolt-nut and a flat-iron to use as 
 an anvil. 
 
 If you have a more elaborate supply of tools and 
 apparatus to make use of, all the better. 
 
 Let us now proceed to manufacture one of our 
 
SHADOW FIGURES. 
 
 17 
 
 figures, which we must endeavour to make as comical 
 in features and as striking and characteristic in out- 
 line as possible. Care must be taken to show up 
 distinctly sundry effects, c.g., shirt-collar, coat-tails, 
 shoes, buttons, etc. Your figure should be so 
 realistic that its identity need not be disclosed other 
 than by its resemblances. Our first, Mr. Mole, the 
 traveller (Fig. 5), is not a very complicated personage 
 to start with. It will not be found easy to trace an 
 outline upon the tin, therefore carefully draw the 
 figure upon a piece of thin white paper, leaving it 
 armless. Now, being thoroughly satisfied with the 
 outline, cut out Mole with a pair of scissors, and 
 paste him upon the piece of tin ; 
 then proceed to cut him out as 
 carefully as you sketched him, 
 starting from either his hat or 
 his heels, and taking care not to 
 let your shears clip off any of 
 the effective points. If you do 
 accidentally remove them, a 
 little solder and a fresh “ point ” 
 will set matters right. Where 
 you cannot nicely get the shears 
 to work — say, between two legs, 
 or under an arm — lay the tin 
 upon a block of oak or a bit of 
 lead, and cut it out with the 
 steel chisel. By wetting the 
 
 JL 
 
iS 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 paper you may speedily 
 remove it from the 
 figure. Lay your old 
 friend on the flat-iron, 
 placing the nut between 
 him and it just under 
 where you want to 
 punch his eyes and but- 
 tons. Knock in your 
 sharp - pointed punch 
 ^4 r - L boldly, and make a good 
 
 sized hole. Having tapped off the punched-out 
 pieces which may be still ad- 
 hering, lay the figure upon the 
 anvil and hammer it flat and 
 level. A little manipulating 
 with the pointed end of a <file 
 will put the holes in trim. 
 
 For the arm holding an 
 umbrella, another and pro- 
 portionate sketch must be made 
 (Fig. 6). At the spot indicated 
 by circles carefully punch two 
 holes of moderate size. Having 
 provided yourself with two- 
 pennyworth of 4 in. iron rivets, 
 fix the arm upon the figure thus 
 (Fig. 7) : at a, after having 
 punched a hole in the figure cof 
 
SHADOVV FIGURES. 
 
 *9 
 
 responding with that. in the arm, insert a rivet, and 
 clinch it, but take care not to fix it so tightly that the 
 limb will not work. If you carefully place the sharp 
 edge of the chisel on the centre of the rivet’s smaller 
 end (as it stands on its head upon the fiat-iron, through 
 the double thickness of tin), and give it a gentle tap, it 
 will split slightly ; a tap or two more with the hammer 
 will spread this end of the rivet so as to effectually 
 prevent all possibility of its coming out again. 
 Before proceeding, however, to make the limb a fix- 
 ture, you must, at B, pass' in another rivet, 
 through the arm only , and having made a 
 loop in your lever-wire (Fig. 8), clinch the 
 rivet just sufficiently to prevent the loop 
 from slipping off it. The wider you spread 
 the “ clinched ” end of the rivet the safer, 
 so long as it continues to work easily. 
 
 Your lever-wire should be of No. 9 size. A friend of 
 mine has actually made use of umbrella wires for 
 this purpose, using as rivets small flat-headed brass 
 nails cut down to a requisite length, and 
 then securely clinched. At c, rivet or 
 solder on a stiffish bit of iron for a handle : 
 such iron strips as are discarded by 
 corkcutters after undoing their bales will 
 answer admirably. Take care to make 
 this handle long enough to be grasped 
 firmly by the hand; let it. run halfway 
 up the figure if necessary to make it Fig. 9. 
 
 *g3 
 
20 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 stiff. . e e are rivets joining figure and iron. At 
 d, stab two small holes with a bradawl, arid 
 fraving made a tiny loop of a bit of 'thin wire, 
 insert the two ends and turn them at the back. 
 This loop (Fig. 9) will not only keep the wire in 
 position and in safety, but will prevent its being seen 
 wher the figure is worked. 
 
 Having completed the figure, you may give him a 
 variety of names as may best suit your purpose. 
 He will answer admirably fora parson, a commercial 
 
 traveller, a retired baker, or an old bachelor. This 
 figure may be duplicated by several others providing 
 
SHADOW FIGURES. 
 
 21 
 
 yoti make them with slightly different noses and 
 hats. 
 
 The following figures are sofnewhat rfinre com- 
 plicated. A sailor (Fig. io) has one leg and one 
 arm to work. Accordingly the body must be 
 manufactured minus one leg and one arm ; the other 
 added limbs will be “ shipped on,” as in the last 
 figure, and a couple of levers affixed, each one work- 
 ing quite distinctly from the other. 
 
 In the case of the pickman, who is a very compli- 
 cated fellow, the body must be made in two pieces, 
 hinging on a rivet at the centre (Fig. n). 
 
 Fig. 12 represents an elephant, from the “ machin- 
 ery ” of which that of any other creature may be 
 easily invented. 
 
 Figs. 13 and 14 are a lion and a bear, the one 
 having its tail and jaw movable, the other being 
 capable of rearing on its hind legs. 
 
SHADOW FIGURES. 
 
 23 
 
 The figures which the mind can conjure up 
 
 as eligible for making 
 are innumerable : every 
 droll phase of humanity 
 may be caricatured — 
 men on bicycles, old 
 ladies running away 
 from cows, pigs upset- 
 ting policemen, donkeys 
 kicking, etc. Every 
 trade, profession, and 
 calling can be laid under 
 contribution to produce 
 humorous figures, situa- 
 tions and dialogues. 
 Gutter merchants, 
 tramps, and those who 
 have no special calling, 
 must not be forgotten. 
 
 fun for the shadow-show 
 
24 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Set pieces* — It will be found necessary in “ set 
 pieces” to have certain effects introduced, such as 
 houses, bridges, etc. These may 'be made of one 
 large piece, or of a number of odd pieces rivetted or 
 soldered together. If desirable, various ingenious 
 devices may be introduced, such as lamps, palings, and 
 the like. In a sketch which I shall presently intro- 
 duce, a broken bridge forms a very important feature. 
 Having sketched out a proportionate half of the 
 bridge, proceed to cut it out (Fig. 15). By laying 
 
 Fig. 17 . 
 
SHADOW FIGURES. 
 
 25 
 
 this upon the tin out of which the other half is to be 
 cut, that half will be very easily marked out. At 1 
 and 2 two small holes are punched for the insertion 
 of a couple of tin-tacks, which will be found suffi- 
 ciently strong to hold the half-bridge in position 
 behind the screen. A very simple form of house is 
 shown in Fig. 16. 
 
 A windmill may be introduced (Fig. 17), the sails 
 of which are made to revolve by means of a lever 
 arrangement ; and a hundred other effects will pre- 
 sent themselves as the need or the humours of the 
 operator may dictate. 
 
 Fig. 18 . 
 
26 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 With wheeled figures the fun m^y be much aug- 
 mented. One sketch and description of a wheel- 
 barrow (Fig. 18) may suffice to give ideas for a variety 
 of other vehicles, e.g., barrow-carts, carriages, oyster 
 barrows, perambulators, and the like. 
 
 The man must be made in two pieces, a loosely 
 working rivet at A allowing the body plenty of play. 
 Rivets at B and c give the barrow and its wheel 
 play also. If the leg of the barrow be cut twice its 
 necessary length, and then turned at a right angle, 
 as at D, it may be made to stand alone. By means 
 of the lever wire the man may be made to fall on his 
 knees, sit under the barrow, and cut other amusing 
 capers. Wheels from German toys come in cheaply 
 and save the labour of cutting them . out ; few 
 amateurs, indeed, could turn out anything so neatly 
 finished. 
 
 Cornered ! 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 SHADOW WORKING. 
 
 On keeping sets distinct. — Where to put them when 
 working. — Flukes when working. — Breakdowns. — 
 Patter. — Intervals. — Music. — Horseplay to be prevented. 
 
 Having completed your preparations for “showing,” 
 inasmuch as your screen is in position and your 
 audience are filing into their places, one of the per- 
 formers — for there must necessarily be two — should 
 harangue the hearers whilst the other is arranging his 
 figures and laying out the “ properties.” It is of the 
 utmost importance that each separate play should 
 have its own figures exclusively to itself: your figures' 
 also must be divided off into sections, each complete 
 series being pjaced by itself in its own receptacle, so 
 that there may be no mixing when put away, nor 
 any bungling and confusion when required for use. 
 If you do not feel disposed to go to the expense of a 
 box with trays, such as carpenters make use of for 
 the proper arranging of their tools, at any rate take 
 care to keep your sets distinct. First place in the 
 'box the set of figures you will want to make use of 
 
28 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Fig. 19. 
 
 turned into hooks by your pliers. Fig. 19 shows the 
 performers at work. Take care that in showing your 
 figures their feet are just above the crosspiece, not 
 
 last, then lay a newspaper above them, then put in 
 your next set, then another newspaper, and so on. 
 
 So that they may be “ handy ” when wanted, all 
 the figures should, just previous to the performance, 
 be placed upon a small shelf in front of you, just 
 below your “ stage,” or, what is better, hung upon a 
 long cord stretched across from side to side of the 
 front by means of the lever wires, which may be 
 
SHADOW WORKING. 
 
 2Q 
 
 too high, and certainly not below it, otherwise you 
 will make the legs on the one hand ridiculously 
 short, or on the other absurd by their walking above 
 the level of the supposed ground. Avoid showing 
 the fingers, and especially the wire levers which work 
 the limbs. Flukes of this sort are immensely divert* 
 ing to youngsters, who fancy they have made a great 
 discovery, and are nothing loth to shout “ I can see 
 the wires!” or ‘‘Look! there’s his hand!” You 
 want to puzzle your admirers as much as possible as 
 to the manner in which the figures are manipulated ; 
 if you can manage to do this the interest and wonder 
 will be all the greater. 
 
 Your figures must be kept as near to the screen as 
 possible , they appear the larger when removed a 
 trifle away from it, but much less distinct and black. 
 If you have a sufficiently strong light, fun may be 
 made at times by bringing the figures nearer to it : 
 but it is not advisable. Never turn a figure round in 
 sight of your audience, but let it walk off the stage, 
 and then be turned ; dispense some ready “patter ” 
 to make this going off seem necessary ; make it 
 appear your actor has gone to look for someone, or 
 to see what sort of a street he will find round the 
 corner, and so on. This readiness of speech must be 
 scrupulously studied, for there are often occasions 
 for putting in something quite unexpectedly, and 
 such as you never intended to say ; for instance, if a 
 limb should become detached, let your unfortunate 
 
SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 30 
 
 figure inform the audience that he has met with a 
 most serious accident, and must go to the hospital to 
 get right-sided. If a limb sticks fast, do not suddenly 
 withdraw the figure, for the spectators have small 
 sympathy with accidents ; rather let them be made 
 to appreciate the failure by putting in some humor- 
 ous remarks with regard to sudden convulsions 
 making a doctor’s assistance necessary. Let your 
 figure bemoan his misery and misfortune, and put 
 extra work upon any other movable limb he may 
 possess. 
 
 As ea'ch figure has done its part, let it be hung 
 upon the string until wanted again, or be placed 
 again in the box. You must never flag either in 
 your patter or in the manipulation of your figures. 
 This need not be feared if both performers are nimble 
 of finger and ready of wit. After all, it is not so 
 much the simple moving of hands, feet, tails, and 
 such-like, that makes the fun: these perhaps provoke 
 it, but it is the running fire of crisp conversation and 
 chatter that, in connection with these movements, 
 draws forth the roars of hilarious laughter, for people 
 — and especially children — by some queer working of 
 the mind, place the voices of the manipulators in the 
 persons of the comical little black performers, just 
 as they do in the case of “ Punch and Judy.” 
 
 To prevent breakdowns the patter should be well 
 studied beforehand, and as much of the dialogue 
 committed to memory as possible. Armed with this, 
 
SHADOW WORKING. 
 
 31 
 
 it becomes a very easy matter to throw in extempore 
 fun and witticisms, as occasion or necessity offers or 
 demands. Rather than feel insecure upon the matter, 
 it would be advisable to have the dialogues written 
 out on slips of paper and pinned up by your side for 
 reference. 
 
 Between each act the interval must be filled in so 
 that the interest shall not flag : if one performer is a 
 musician so much the better, and a humorous 
 rendering upon a concertina, a whistle, or a zither, 
 of a well known ditty, forms an agreeable break in 
 the programme. Failing these, a smart little organ- 
 ette may discourse familiar airs, a boy out of the 
 audience being deputed to the important function of 
 organ grinder. 
 
 Should, however, one of you be musical, much 
 more fun and interest will be provoked by the other 
 manipulator introducing a figure playing a corre- 
 sponding instrument - — fiddle, cornet, trombone, 
 bassoon, bagpipes, or what not. 
 
 Not more than five minutes should elapse between 
 the plays or sketches. It will be found best, too, tp 
 intersperse each longer sketch with some droll little 
 episodes. Continuous variety keeps up continuous 
 interest and merriment. Take it as an axiom that 
 whatever you do — keep doing it. Once let the 
 audience become fidgety aixl it may lead to noisiness 
 and horseplay, two possibilities it will be for the 
 general interest and well being to keep as far off as 
 possible. 
 
‘ 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 Outlines of plays . — “ The Broken Bridge ." — “ The 
 Haunted House ." — “ Burnaby's Bull," — "Mrs. Bugg's 
 Chimney " — “ Old Tigg's Day S che old Down Our 
 Alley." — “ A Marine piece." — “ Ally Sloper's 
 Menagerie." 
 
 The bare outlines of a lew short plays, particularly 
 
 Fig. 20. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 33 
 
 suitable for juveniles, will suggest ideas for others. 
 Our first sketch is 
 
 “The Broken Bridge.” — The fixtures are two 
 half bridges disunited at the apex (Fig. 20). To give 
 greater effect to the sketch, a’ strip of tin (Fig. 21) 
 
 Fig, 2 1 ; 
 
 cut in a wavy or undulating shape on the upper side, 
 may be added to represent rough water. This may 
 be made to fit into the base of each bridge side. By 
 making your boatman’s craft follow these undulations, 
 much more fun is provoked than if it went across an 
 apparently level surface. For the play sixteen 
 separate figures are required, viz. : 
 
 Bridge (sections) 
 
 Traveller 
 
 Pickman 
 
 Contractor 
 
 Donkey and man 
 
 Barrowman 
 
 Crocodile 
 
 Beggar 
 
 Boatman 
 
 Baker 
 
 Ducks and geese 
 
 Irishman and pi ( 
 Blind man 
 Old lady 
 Pleasure boat 
 Swan 
 
 SCENE — Broken Bridge.- 
 
 Coniraclor and Pickman (Figs. 22 and 23) enter — Nego- 
 tiations ‘take place for mending bridge ; an altercation 
 ensues respecting the cost of materials, wages per hour, 
 how often beer is to be sent up, etc. 
 
 Pickman (left alone) soliloquises, then sings : 
 
 “ The bridge is broke and must be mended. 
 
 Fol-rol-di-rid-dle-dol-de-dav.” 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Tune ; 
 
 Si I d :d Ir :r Is :s 
 The bridge is broke and must be 
 
 , A -rf \ - h 
 
 In :d | 
 
 mend - ed ; 
 
 ' 1/ * N N ... k 
 
 ; 1 
 
 rim. * $ Jf gf fS 
 
 1 
 
 f/h 1 f 9 # A N 
 
 
 ^32 _ ^ U . > * * * 
 
 r> I 
 
 \T w r f 
 
 li :f .,n in .r :d .,t, i d ; — f — H 
 
 Fol • rol • di • rid • die • dol • de - day. 
 
 Fig. 22. 
 
 Fig. 23. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 35 
 
 Tt'aveller (in hurry) comes along th£ other side of bridge, 
 stops short, shouts, rages, gesticulates (Fig. 28). 
 
 Pickmaii (deaf) finally hears, tells him to keep calm. 
 “ What’s up ? ” Asks what he wants. (Sings “ The 
 Bridge is broke/’ etc.) 
 
 Traveller shouts, “ To cross.” Asks how to do it.. 
 Pickman (still working) sings : - 
 
 “ O ! the ducks and the geese they all swim over. 
 
 Fol-rol,” etc. 
 
 also “The bridge is broke,” etc. 
 
 Ducks and geese swim over in line (Fig. 24). 
 
 Traveller asks how far across (with much fussing and 
 fuming). 
 
 Pickman sings (still working) l 
 “ O ! when you’re in the middle you’re half way over. 
 
 Fol-rol,’ , etc. 
 
 Traveller (raging) asks tfce depth. 
 
 Pickman sings : 
 
 4< O ! just throw in a stone, and you’ll soon find the bottom. 
 
 Fol-rol,” etc. 
 
 Ducks and geese swim over again. This time 
 Crocodile swims after them, opens mouth (Fig. 25), and 
 swallows them. 
 
 Traveller (in despair) asks how deep, etc. 
 
3b 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Fig. 2 5 - 
 
 Pickman (facetiously) : 
 
 “ O ! just throw in a stone, and you’ll soon find the bottom. 
 
 Fol-rol,” etc. 
 
 After some more altercation, a 
 
 Boatman (who is hailed) appears, rowing hard against 
 tide (Fig. 26). 
 
 Pichnait still picking and singing. 
 
 Traveller makes a bargain to cross. Much cautioning 
 as traveller comes down steps. Disputes payment when 
 in middle. Funny little squabble, in which stick plays 
 active part. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 37 
 
 Crocodile hastens matters. 
 
 Beggar (with wooden leg) stumps up (Fig,. 27), and takes 
 a rest. Shouts to Pickman opposite. Similar dialogue 
 and cross-grain patter. 
 
 Boatman appears again ; 
 after “ confab,” beggar is 
 taken on board. Another 
 dispute, but wooden leg 
 settles the matter, helped 
 by crocodile. 
 
 Swan (with lower mandible 
 working) attacked by croc- 
 odile. 
 
 Donkey (unmanageable), 
 with rider, comes on bridge 
 on pickman’s side. Amusing 
 scene and “tussle.” Donkey 
 finally jumps over and is 
 attacked by crocodile. 
 
 Baker and Barrow-man 
 appear on opposite sides 
 while pickman is gone to 
 dinner. After funny arrange- 
 ments, boatman takes one 
 over and brings other back, barrow being towed by boat. 
 
 Irishman and pig come up. Pig refractory, attacks pick- 
 man (again at work), and tumbles over. Boatman and 
 Irishman strive to capture it, but crocodile gets it. 
 
 Pleasure boat sails across, colliding with boat. Crocodile 
 appears, but is captured by Irishman, who is swimming 
 across. 
 
 Old lady has set to with pickman, and a 
 
 Blind man comes up. All three retire together, talking. 
 
 Pickman (returned to work) is attacked by the crocodile, 
 and both tumble over into water together. 
 
38 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 “The Haunted House. 1 ’ — The fixtures are : In 
 Scene i, the house ; in Scene 2, clock, table, chair, 
 and bedstead. Twenty-three separate figures are 
 required, viz. : 
 
 House 
 
 Mrs. Gamp 
 
 Jack 
 
 Skeleton 
 
 Ghost 
 
 Chair 
 
 Bridget 
 
 Sweep 
 
 Charley 
 
 Cat 
 
 Goat 
 
 Table 
 
 Musician 
 
 Scotchman 
 
 Sailor 
 
 Dog 
 
 Rat 
 
 Bedstead 
 Policeman 
 New lodger 
 Drunken man 
 Lodger in shirt 
 Clock 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 39 
 
 SCENE I . — House with swing door (Fig. 29). 
 
 Traveller (just in by train) (Fig. 28) walks up to door, 
 bewailing weather, lateness, etc. Knocks, kicks. 
 
 Mrs. Gamp (putting head out of window) remonstrates, 
 threatens, apologises (Fig. 3 1 ;, and is persuaded. Coming 
 down, lets him in. Conversation ensues, lodgings being 
 bargained for. 
 
 Charley (with barrow and luggage) arrives (Fig. 30). 
 
 Mrs. Gamp meets him and scolds him. He retaliates. 
 Bridget called. Slavey comes with broom, sweeps front, 
 quarrels with Charley. General “row up.” Lodger (the 
 traveller) appears. In spite of protests, 
 
 Charley drives the barrow into the house. 
 
 Jack (with luggage on back) comes grunting in. 
 
40 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS, 
 
 After settlement, both 
 emerge with barrow, grum- 
 bling about pay. 
 
 Jack gets on barrow and 
 rides away. 
 
 Bridget makes it warm 
 for him. Dog also. 
 
 Sweep arrives (Fig. 42). 
 Mrs. Gamp, against her 
 will, employs him. 
 
 Scotchman (with bag- 
 pipes) plays outside house, 
 to Mrs. Gamp’s delight ; 
 she has a mania for bag- 
 pipes. (Performer plays on 
 small india-rubber 44 bag- 
 pipes,” which may be pur- 
 chased for sixpence at a 
 toyshop.) Mrs. G. dances. 
 
 Sailor (with wooden leg) 
 (Fig. 32) sings outside : 
 
 “ For she wept and she wailed 
 When the schooner sailed 
 
 For the shores of Americay-ay-ay 
 When her Jack so sound 
 Was bust up and drowned 
 
 On the shores of Americay-ay-ay,” etc. 
 
 Mrs. Gamp (much affected) relieves his wants. 
 
 Policeman collars sailor for vagrancy but is bought 
 off by Mrs. Gamp, in memory of her dear departed, who 
 also went to Americay. 
 
 £ Iusician plays tin whistle. (Performer plays one 
 behind screen.) 
 
 P‘g- 3 '- 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 4 * 
 
 Drunken man (reeling up) solicits 
 alms, and is promptly collared by 
 Policeman. 
 
 Policeman returns and courtsBridget, 
 but is seen by Mrs. Gamp, who 
 remonstrates. * 
 
 SCENE ll.— Bed-room. 
 
 Clock , chair , /ah/e and beds lead 
 standing in line (Fig. 33). 
 
 Lodger enters with Mrs. Gamp, who 
 stating terms for lodgings, makes 
 proper and amicable engagement, 
 telling him of the ill repute of 
 chamber. He ignores ghosts and 
 such like. He bids her “Good 
 night.” Soliloquises, finally retires 
 behind clock to undress. Appears again in shirt (Fig. 34 
 can be put into the most comical attitudes by having 
 the wires free). 
 
 Fig- 33 - 
 
42 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Lodger gets into bed solilo- 
 quising. 
 
 Rat , cat and dog appear at inter- 
 vals, greatly disturbing him. 
 
 Goat runs in and jumps on bed. 
 Clock strikes. 
 
 Ghost appears, scuffle with same, 
 also a skeleton (made on wires) 
 dances over lodger. Tables and 
 other furniture upset, etc. 
 
 Mrs. Gamp appears with police- 
 man. Lodger (allowed to re- 
 dress behind clock) is taken into 
 custody. 
 
 ‘ Barnaby’s Bull.” — The fixtures are a tree and 
 a rock (Figs. 35 and 36). Nine figures are required, 
 viz : 
 
 Barnaby Tidly Wink Bull 
 
 Roadman Tom Bowling Chawbacon 
 
 Dog Fatiman Policeman 
 
 Roadman is seen busy with pickaxe at the rock ; 
 grumbles, soliloquises, perspires, etc. 
 
 Tidly Wink (an aged man and Tom Bowling (an old 
 sailor with wooden leg. Fig. 37) meet near roadman. 
 They exchange greetings, talk about old days “when 
 they was boys together/’ etc. ; they also chat with 
 roadman. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 43 
 
 f‘g- 36 . 
 
44 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Chaif'bacon (farmers man) rushes on with hayfork 
 (Fig. 38), shouting “Ha* ver seen my bull ? ” blubbers, 
 calls, etc. Others say “ No,” and ask questions. 
 
 Roadman goes home for a fresh pick. Old men 
 continue gossiping. 
 
 Bull (Fig. 39) runs on. Tom Bowling runs away. The 
 animal tosses Tidly Wink and runs off. 
 
 7 idly Wink (with head above water) shouts that he’s 
 stuck fast in the ditch. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 45 
 
 Chawbacon hurries by, when he espies Tidly in the ditch. 
 Much palaver about getting him out, when he suddenly 
 hooks fork on to Tidly* s neck and draws him gradually out. 
 He then goes off. 
 
 Ffc 39 * 
 
 Bull re*appears, with -Dog at heels, and Policeman follow- 
 ing. All disappear, when policeman, coming back, is 
 tossed by bull, which comes on behind him. 
 
 Chazvbacon defies the bull with hayfork. 
 
 Fat i man (a very fat fellow) comes on with Barnaby (a 
 tall farmer'. Bull soon scatters them. * Finally goes off 
 quietly with chawbacon. 
 
46 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS, 
 
 “ Mrs. Bugg’s Chimney.” — The fixture is a house 
 with connected palisade (Fig. 40). Six figures are 
 needed, viz. : 
 
 Mrs. Bugg Mrs. Trot Bloaterman 
 
 Betsy Dwilc Cripps the Sweep Goat 
 
 Mrs. Bugg (Fig. 41) (coming to gate) wishes she could 
 hear a sweep, her chimney is dirty, etc., etc. Goes in 
 again. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 47 
 
 Bloaterman comes by shouting “ Rale Yarmith Blowters,’* 
 etc. Stops and yells at gate, then goes' away 
 
 Fig. 41. Fig. 4 - 2 . 
 
 Betsy Dwile (sent out to buy a fish) runs after him. The 
 selling of bloater, its praise, etc. She returns ; the fish 
 ‘‘stinks,” etc. A scolding match follows. 
 
 Cripps (Fig. 42) comes by shouting '‘Sweep.” He is 
 hailed; stops at gate; bargain is about being struck; when 
 
 Mrs. Trot (a neighbour) runs up and wants sweep first ; 
 Another scolding match follows. 
 
 Cripps goes in and commences- operations. Brush (fixed 
 on side of house, as in Fig. 40) goes, out of chimney Y 
 Asks “ Is it out of the Hue yet, missus ? ” 
 
4 8 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Mis. Bugg (who is near sighted) goes out and protests 
 it is not. 
 
 Cripps goes out and calls her a “ fibber,” and says that 
 “ she wants nine-penn’orth for sixpence.” Quarrel ensues, 
 because she wants it done for threepence. 
 
 Goat rushes in, upsets soot (so the talk makes out), and 
 there is a general stampede. 
 
 Cripps goes away grumbling, and cries “Sweep!” 
 between his angry exclamations. 
 
 “ Old Tigg’s Day School.” — The fixtures are the 
 master’s desk and an easel (Figs. 43 and 44). The 
 figures are five, viz. : 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 49 
 
 Master Tigg Truant Dunce 
 
 Attendance Officer Old Woman 
 
 Tigg (Fig. 45) (school-master) demands silence. Calls 
 dunce, and asks him curious questions in spelling, geo- 
 graphy, history, arithmetic, natural history, etc. 
 
 Duiice gives wrong answers to every question ; then 
 recites some stupid verses. Gets caned as a conse- 
 quence. 
 
 Attendance Officer (Fig. 46) comes in, with a hand on 
 truant’s shoulder. He talks to Master Tigg, giving boy 
 a fearfully bad character : then leaves, shaking fist at 
 boy. 
 
SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS, 
 
 50 
 
 1 Truant gives all sons of excuses for conduct; receives a 
 lecture from master; is caned and dismissed. 
 
 O'd Woman (whose boy has been caned) comes into the 
 school. Abuses master, who whacks her with stick ; 
 sha retaliates by upsetting him, as well as his easel and 
 desk.. 
 
 “ Down Our Alley." — The fixtures are two sides 
 of alley (Figs. 47 and 48). The figures are nine, 
 viz. : 
 
 Fig. 47. 
 
SHADOW PLAYS. 
 
 51 
 
 Mrs. Cockerel 
 Mrs. Flowerpot 
 Fishmonger 
 Postman 
 Policeman 
 
 (Neighbours) 
 
 Coalman 
 
 Sandman 
 
 Stickman 
 
 Masher 
 
 Postman comes along, rat-tatting ; gives Mrs. Cockerel a 
 letter belonging to Mrs. Flowerpot. These two ladies appear, 
 and have a general “ set-to,” allowing everybody within 
 hearing to know much more than is necessary or good 
 for them, respecting their, own business and everybody 
 else’s. 
 
 Coalman yelps his wares. Both neighbours order a 
 ton. One wants them “ on tick ” (after they are in her 
 
52 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 coal cupboard) ; he protests, and takes them all back 
 again. 
 
 Policeman keeps putting in an appearance ; sometimes 
 during a “row,” sometimes afterwards — generally after- 
 wards. 
 
 Fishmonger walks across, crying fish. He meets with 
 queer customers ; gossips with policeman ; chats with Mrs. 
 Flowerpot, to Mrs. Cockerel’s great indignation. 
 
 Sandman (Fig. 49) (with barrow) comes one way: his 
 rival, the 
 
 Slickman (Fig. 50) comes the other ; they meet, and have 
 an unpleasant time of it, shouting at each other, and thump- 
 ing their barrows together. Policeman separates them and 
 
 p'.g- 49 
 
SHADOW FLAYS. 
 
 53 
 
 gets jammed between the barrows. One finally wheels 
 him off to hospital. They meet again, when a 
 
 Masher comes along and is served similarly, the whole 
 neighbourhood turning out en masse to hoot him out of 
 the alley. 
 
 “ A Marine Piece.” — The only fixture is a jetty 
 (F*g- 5 1 )- The figures are various, amongst them : 
 
 Policeman 
 Ice-cream Man 
 Soldier 
 Nursemaid 
 Oyster-man 
 
 Boy on Donkey 
 
 Fiddler 
 
 Goat-chaise 
 
 Organ-grinder 
 
 Trombonist 
 
 Cornet-player 
 
 Boats 
 
 Ships 
 
 Steamboats 
 
 Etc. 
 
54 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Fig- 5 1 * 
 
 After fixing jetty, various figures pass on at 
 the discretion of the performer. Such figures as 
 musicians, pedestrians, riders, sellers, buyers, etc., may 
 be made to do their varied performances on the 
 
 5 * 
 
SHADOW PLAYS 
 
 55 
 
 supposed parade ; then the ship, steam tugs (Fig- 
 52), with rowing and sailing boats (Fig. 53) may take 
 their turn on the supposed sea. A stretch of imagina- 
 tion on the part of the audience will allow of the 
 two effects being worked together. 
 
 “Ally Sloper’s Menagerie.” — To the above may 
 be added “Ally Sloper’s Menagerie,” with various 
 animals trotted out for inspection, e.g. t elephant 
 (Fig. 12), camel, lion (Fig. 13), zebra, ostrich, 
 kangaroo, etc., every one of which may be made 
 with a movable leg, head, tail, or trunk, and each 
 one will afford fun by attacking Ally in turn. The 
 
56 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 figures required are Ally Sloper,, the" menagerie 
 keeper, and the stable boy or keeper. 
 
 Scores of other episodes might be cited, but an 
 imaginative mind may create them until further 
 orders. 
 
 “ A Tailpiece.’ 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 SHADOW TABLEAUX. 
 
 Arrangement of light and screen . — Leap into cloud- 
 land . — Surgical operations . 
 
 Where sufficient room is available, “life shadows, 0 
 such as are displayed in pantomimes, may be made 
 exceedingly droll and interesting. The performers 
 are generally silent, everything being explained by 
 gesture. There is no limit to the effects which may 
 be introduced in shadow subjects. The jump through 
 the ceiling generally winds up or interlards the per- 
 formances, and is produced as follows : All lights 
 must be removed from the room in which the 
 spectators are gathered and also from the space set 
 apart for the performers except one, which must be 
 placed as at d in Fig. 54. The stronger the light, 
 the more distinct the figures. A represents the 
 screen, or sheet, hung between actors and audience ; 
 b is the door through which the actors appear on 
 the scene ; e is a very tall and strong box or table, 
 and c is a stool or low box ; d is a medium stand. 
 
58 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 upon which the light is burning. The performer 
 entering at b, his shadow is projected on the screen. 
 Standing close to it, his shadow will be seen life-size 
 and very sharply defined, every action “ speaking ” 
 distinctly. As he recedes and gets nearer to the 
 light this shadow increases accordingly, and when 
 
 F& 54 - 
 
 close to it he will appear oi enormous dimensions. 
 A receding and an approaching figure apparently 
 fighting make great diversion- The leap into cloud- 
 land is now easily accomplished by stepping upon c 
 and springing carefully over the light on to e. To 
 the spectators it will appear as if the performer had 
 jumped through the ceiling (Fig- 55)- 
 
SHADOW TABLEAUX. 
 
 59 
 
 Most amusing imitations of everyday life may be 
 performed, e.g., the drawing of a tooth, a huge card- 
 board molar (concealed by the side of the patient’s 
 head) being shown to the audience as having been at 
 the bottom of the whole matter. A policeman may 
 be thrown upon a table, drawn close to the screen, 
 and an enormous saw made to appear as if being 
 
 Fig* 55 * 
 
 used in opening his stomach. The throwing back of 
 the flaps of his coat will add a touch of something 
 like reality. Under this coat has been concealed a 
 strange medley of things supposed to have been 
 eaten by him when making himself comfortable 
 in certain kitchens on his beat. A sheep’s head, a 
 herring, a turnip, an onion, a gridiron, sausages, 
 cakes, loaves, and fifty other things may be “ taken 
 
6o 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 out ” of him ; a running fire of humorous patter 
 keeping the fun of the audience continually on the 
 boil. It must be explained that policemen have 
 prodigious appetites, accommodating stomachs, and 
 often a strange absence of mind, as is shown now by 
 his swallowing the pie-dish, frying-pan, etc., when 
 appropriating their contents. Finally he may be 
 sewn up, revivified, and sent about his business, a 
 hungrier and wiser man. There is absolutely no 
 limit to the comic effects and “take-offs” which 
 may be introduced behind the screen. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 SHADOW SUNDRIES. 
 
 Talking faces . — Cardboard faces of various nationali- 
 ties . — M iscellaneous hints . — Overhauling apparatus. 
 
 At the conclusion of a performance with mechanical 
 figures, some very funny and extraordinary effects may 
 be introduced by a very small display of ingenuity, 
 and a smaller outlay of money. 
 
 Talking Faces.— Characteristic taces are always 
 popular with the public. As the lightning sketching 
 of cartoons of public men always “ brings down the 
 house,” so these in profile may be produced in 
 
 Fig. 56. Fig. 57. 
 
 Mr. Binks* substance. Mr. Binks’ shadow. 
 
62 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 shadows with striking effect. The make-up is 
 exceedingly simple, a few sets of false noses, whiskers, 
 moustachios, sundry hats, etc. (either genuine or 
 imitated in cardboard), being all that are necessary. 
 
 The following will give a very fair idea of the 
 modus opcrandi ; a fertile mind may expand the 
 programme at pleasure. 
 
 Mr. Binks (Figs. 56 and 57) is made up of (1) felt 
 hat, (2) a false nose held on the performer’s head by 
 a piece of elastic passing round the ear, (3) false 
 
 hair, a bunch of tow will do, or even a cardboard 
 representation, (4) false whiskers held on by means 
 
SHADOW SUNDRIES. 
 
 63 
 
 of elastic going round the ears, (5) a collar of card- 
 board pinned round the neck. Ally Sloper (Figs. 58 
 and 59) facing Mr. Binks upon the screen, and hold- 
 ing a dialogue with him, will create roars of laughter, 
 especially if there is some poking of noses into each 
 other’s faces. A couple of stools or boxes for the 
 performers to stand on will of course be necessary. 
 
 Fig . 59. — Ally Sloper’s shadow. 
 
 Cardboard Faces. — Faces of celebrated men and 
 men of various nationalities may be "cut out in 
 cardboard and introduced, a few words being said 
 regarding each individual brought forward. A dozen 
 samples are given in Figs. 60 to 71 ; they should be 
 made life-size. 
 
64 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS, 
 
SHADOW SUNDRIES. 
 
 ^5 
 
 5 
 
SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
SHADOW SUNDRIES. 
 
 67 
 
 Miscellaneous Hints. — The various fixtures, e.g., 
 the tree (Fig. 35), the rock (Fig. 36), and the desk 
 (Fig. 43), may be made less complex and perhaps 
 more stable if, instead of the lower part being 
 extended into holdfasts to stride across and fix upon 
 the spline (No. 8 in Fig 1), they are made with a 
 
 more solid basis, turned or bent at right angles, and 
 simply placed upon a small, narrow shelf with a 
 square leaden weight placed upon them (as in Fig. 
 72, which represents a piece of rock with the weight 
 placed thereon). To adapt the “ stage ” for this 
 kind of fixture, another narrow piece of spline must 
 be tacked horizontally on to the vertical spline 
 (No. 8 in Fig. 1). 
 
 A great deal of merriment may be aroused in 
 tableaux where barrows and other vehicles are intro- 
 duced, by placing single figures — e.g. 9 policemen, 
 wooden-legged men, and others — upon them. This 
 
68 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 will be found very easy to do, especially if the 
 unfortunate individual has a movable leg or body. 
 
 When entertainments are given at a distance, the 
 performer must thoroughly overhaul every figure 
 before setting out : the limbs and levers, if bent, 
 should be straightened, loose rivets re-adjusted, miss- 
 ing or faulty ones replaced, and stiff figures oiled and 
 made to move easily and noiselessly. Before putting 
 the figures away, they should be oiled at the joints 
 and rivets, and they should be stowed in a thoroughly 
 dry place. Tin has a sad propensity for rusting if 
 badly or carelessly kept ; but well cared for figures 
 will last for years. 
 
 The performer must also add to his stock-in-trade 
 the tools I have previously mentioned. These, with 
 some surplus rivets, levers, bits of tin, nuts and bolts, 
 tacks, loose string, and such like, should be kept in a 
 small box by themselves, or in a locker constructed 
 in the figure-trunk. 
 
 The curtains should be carefully folded after each 
 performance, and wrapped in a sheet of brown paper, 
 as should the screen. 1 have tried damping the 
 screen before performing ; this certainly made the 
 figures, show up more clearly, but the advantages 
 gained did not counterbalance the inconveniences. 
 A damp screen is an awkward thing to put away, it 
 is apt to mddew ; and contact with the figures 
 provokes rust. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 PUBLIC PERFORMANCES. 
 
 Gaining admission to schools . — Addresses to patrons . 
 — T estimonials . — Specimen handbill. 
 
 It is not so easy a matter nowadays to gain admission 
 into public schools, particularly the Board schools, 
 as it was a few years ago. There are many restric- 
 tions now that were unknown in the old days. Then, 
 of course, there were so many humbugs swindling the 
 children out of their halfpence, that honest caterers 
 have to suffer for the naughtiness of others. To gain 
 access to the Board schools of any town the chair- 
 man should be first sought, and his sanction, prefer- 
 ably on paper, obtained. Armed with this permit, 
 few masters will refuse one permission to perform 
 before their children. For Church school perform- 
 ances the vicar, or other clergyman, has first to be 
 won over. 
 
 Of course these remarks are made only to those 
 who wish to try shadow entertainments as a means 
 of supplementing their incomes. There is a right 
 way as well as a wrong way of Setting out upon this 
 
7 o 
 
 SHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 business. The first and principal recommendations 
 are an honest face and a tidy appearance. A ready 
 tongue is a famous adjunct. If the performer gain 
 a hearing, he should produce a figure or two, the 
 more complex in make the better. If he succeed in 
 gaining his hearer's attention things wall swim,- and 
 he will carry with him into the next town or village 
 a capital testimonial, more especially if he can induce 
 the vicar or Board school chairman to record his 
 commendation on a sheet of paper. The showman 
 should preserve these testimonials in his pocket- 
 book, pasting them in if possible, and never be loth 
 to show them ; but he should keep them clean, for 
 folks reckon a man up by appearances. 
 
 If you fail to gain access, send in a circular printed 
 somewhat as follows : 
 
 Address to the Patron of the Schools. 
 
 Sir, — In these enlightened days, in which elec- 
 tricity in all its branches and kindred sciences have 
 made such rapid strides, it is pleasing to note that a 
 corresponding improvement has been made in the 
 means by which the young are amused and inter- 
 ested. The studies of the children are necessarily 
 laborious and depressing ; what can better relieve 
 the strain upon the little ones than an occasional 
 and a hearty bit of mirth and laughter ? 
 
 To assist — somewhat feebly perhaps — in this good 
 work, the proprietor of the Eclipse Shadowgraphic 
 
PUBLIC PERFORMANCES. 
 
 71 
 
 Entertainment has produced his marvellously mirth- 
 provoking entertainment. One hour’s solid fun is 
 made by upwards of 100 mechanical figures thrown 
 upon a screen. (See enclosed bill.) 
 
 With your kind permission I shall be pleased to 
 give (a) select performance^ in your school (sj (each) 
 this afternoon. 
 
 Awaiting your esteemed favour, 
 
 I am, Sir, yours truTy, 
 
 (The Vicar) John Baldwin. 
 
 Another circular to be sent to managers of school 
 treats, Band of Hope entertainments, sales of 
 work, bazaars, village club feasts, etc., may read as 
 follows : 
 
 adopts Extraordinary. 
 
 6 , Tower Cottages, 
 Pikely. 
 
 Sir, — Having made arrangements with Professor 
 Twinket to give select Shadowgraph Performances 
 during the coming winter season, I shall esteem it a 
 great favour if you will bear my entertainment in 
 mind. 
 
 Terms for Bazaars, School and Band of Hope 
 Treats, Sales of Work, etc., on application. 
 
 Note . — This is the only genuine Shadowgraphic 
 Entertainment in the Town or County. 
 
 John Baldwin. 
 
 , (BiU enclosed.) 
 
72 JHADOW ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 A UNIQUE 
 
 Shadow * work Entertainment 
 
 WILL BE GIVEN 
 
 AFTER SCHOOL THIS AFTERNOON 
 
 (By kind Permission). 
 
 ONE EACH. 
 
 Select, Instructive , Extraordinary , Funny , Eccentric, 
 Unexcelled . 
 
 SEVERAL 
 
 COMIC SKETCHES AND TABLEAUX 
 
 Will be introduced. 
 
 — PROGRAMME. — 
 
 1. —The Broken Bridge, and what came of it. 
 
 2 . —Mr. Shakey's Lodgings ; or, the Haunted House. 
 
 3. -~Plays— Barney’s Bull, Old Tigg’s Academy, Down 
 
 our Alley, etc. 
 
 4. — Character Faces, Nationalities, etc. 
 
 5. — Ally Sloper’s Menagerie of Performing Animals. 
 
 A Selection 0/ Music will be played. 
 
 fcT 100 MECHANICAL FIGURES. «©# 
 
 QUAINT AND CHARACTERISTIC. 
 
 They work their Arms, and Heads, and Lfegs. 
 
 Each Moves, Walks, Talks, Sits, Works, or Begs; 
 
 Whilst every one is Droll and Funny, 
 
 And_a Penny charge is all the Money. 
 
PUBLIC PERFORMANCES. 
 
 IS 
 
 Whatever else you may forget, remember th< 
 following : Give money’s worth, advertise well, ge 
 your show reported in the papers, and value you 
 testimonials or recommendations as you would you; 
 pence. 
 
 r / n / s 
 
 * 
 
 6 
 
INDEX 
 
 PACK. 
 
 Accessories for Shadow Tableaux 57 
 
 Accidents ... ... * 
 
 ... 29 
 
 Address to Patrons of Schools 
 
 ... 70 
 
 Angles and Screw-eye^ for Frame- 
 
 work 
 
 ... 10 
 
 Animals ... ... 21 
 
 , 22, 45 
 
 Arms, 'Making and Fixing 
 
 ... 18 
 
 Arrangement of Light and Screen 57 
 
 Breakdowns, “ Patter” for 
 
 29, 30 
 
 ,, To Prevent ... 
 
 ... 30 
 
 Broken Bridge 
 
 ... 32 
 
 Cardboard Faces ... 
 
 ... 63 
 
 Chinaman 
 
 ... 65 
 
 ,, Disraeli... 
 
 ... 66 
 
 ,, German 
 
 ... 64 
 
 ,, Indian ... 
 
 ... 65 
 
 ,, Irishman 
 
 ... 64 
 
 ,, King Coffee 
 
 .. 65 
 
 ,, Roman Soldier 
 
 ... 64 
 
 ,, Russian 
 
 ... 66 
 
 ,, Scotchman 
 
 ... 64 
 
 ,, Shakespeare ... 
 
 ... 66 
 
 The G O. M. 
 
 Turk ... 
 
 Care of Shadow Figures . . 
 Character Figures 34 
 
 40-44, 47, 
 Circular, Form of ... 
 
 66 
 65 
 27, 68 
 36, 37' 39. 
 49. 52. 53 
 70. 71 
 
 PAG K. 
 
 Clinching Rivets ... ... ... 18 
 
 Complicated Figures 20, 21, 34, 36, 
 
 37, 38, 43, 49 
 
 Curtains 12,68 
 
 „ Care of 68 
 
 ,, How to Darken ... ... 13 
 
 ,, Material for .. 12 
 
 Cutting Out Figures ... ... 17 
 
 Damp Screen ... ... ... 68 
 
 Dimensions of Splines for Frame- 
 work ... ... ... ... 9 
 
 Duties of Performers ... ... 27 
 
 Effects for Set Pieces, llow to Make : 
 Broken Bridge ... 24, 33 
 
 Wheeled Figures ... .... 25 
 
 Windmill 25 
 
 Elephant, An 21 
 
 Entertainments, Remarks on ... 17 
 
 Everyday Life Imitations .. ... 58 
 
 Faces, Talking ... 61 
 
 Figure Making — 
 
 ,, ,, Arm, The ... 18 
 
 ,, Elephant 21 
 
 .. Lion and Bear ... 22 
 
 .. Mr. Mole 17 
 
 ,, Sailor, A ... 20 
 
 Figures, Making ... 16 
 
 „ ,, Materials, For ... 16 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Filling in Intervals 30 
 
 Fixtures 33, 38, 41, 42, 46. 48, 30. 
 
 52 . 54 ’ 67 
 
 ,, Adapting the Stage for 67 
 Flukes When Working .. ... 29 
 
 Framework for Home Exhibition 9, 13 
 ,, ,, ,, .solid 14 
 
 Front for a Home Exhibition ... 8 
 
 „ Framework for Large Rooms S 
 
 Frontage, The 8 
 
 ,, Framework for ... 9 
 
 Handbill for Shadowgraphic Enter- 
 tainments 72 
 
 Handles for Shadow Figures ... 19 
 
 Height of Shadow Figures ... 15 
 
 Hints 67 
 
 ,. for Life Shadow Performances 58 
 
 „ for Public Performers 
 
 7 3 
 
 „ for “ Showing ” 
 
 26, 28 
 
 Home Exhibition, A 
 
 .. 8 
 
 ,, ,, Framework 
 
 for 9 
 
 ,» .. Curtains for 
 
 ... 12 
 
 ,, Music for 
 
 ... 31 
 
 Imitations of Everyday Life 
 
 ... 5 s 
 
 Intervals 
 
 ... 31 
 
 Jetty 
 
 54 
 
 Keeping Sets Distinct 
 
 ... 27 
 
 Lamp 
 
 ... 1 1 
 
 ,, Position for ... 
 
 10, 1 1 
 
 ,, Support for 
 
 ...• 10 
 
 Lever Wire 
 
 ... 19 
 
 Use of 
 
 ... 26 
 
 Light and Screen, Arrangement 
 
 of 57 
 
 Light, The, How to Enclose 
 
 ... 13 
 
 Life Shadows 
 
 57 
 
 75 
 
 PAGP. 
 
 Limb Making ... 18 
 
 Lion and Bear 21 
 
 Loop Guides ... 19 
 
 Make-Up for Talking Faces ... 52 
 
 Materials for Shadow Figures ... 16 
 
 ,, for Curtain ... ... 12 
 
 Miscellaneous Hints ... ... 67 
 
 Ornamental Device ... ... 13 
 
 Outlines of Shadow Plays ... 32 
 
 Overhauling Apparatus ... ... 68 
 
 “ Patter” for Breakdowns 29, 30 
 
 Placing Figures When Working... 2S 
 Position for Performer ... ... 5S 
 
 Positions in Shadow Tableaux ,. >58 
 
 Public Performances ... ... 69 
 
 .. ,, Circulars for, 
 
 Forms of ... ... 70. 7 j 
 
 Public Performances, Hints for 69, 73 
 „ „ Specimen 
 
 Handbills for ... ... ... 72 
 
 Recommendations for Public Per- 
 formers ... ... ... 70 
 
 Reflector for Lamp ... ... n 
 
 Rivetting ... 18 
 
 Sailing Boat ... ... ... 55 
 
 Sailor, A ... ... ... 20 
 
 Set Pieces ... ... ... ... 23 
 
 Shadow Entertainments, Remarks on 7 
 Shadow Figures ... ... 15, 20 
 
 ,, Care of ... 27,68 
 
 >. Height of . 15 
 
 How to Make ... 16 
 
 Materials for ... 15 
 
 NecessaryToclsfor 16 
 Shadow Machinery ... ... .7 
 
76 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Shadow Plays : 
 
 “ Ally Sloper’s Menagerie ”... 55 
 
 “ Barnaby’s Bull ” ... 42 
 
 Broken Bridge ” 33 
 
 “ Down our Alley ” ... ... 50 
 
 “ Haunted House, The” ... 38 
 
 “ Marine Piece, A ” 53 
 
 “ Mrs. Bugg’s Chimney ... 46 
 
 “ Old Tigg’s Day School’’ ... 48 
 
 Outlines of 32 
 
 Shadow Screen 13 
 
 ,, ,, Damp 68 
 
 Shadow Sundries 61 
 
 Shadow Tableaux : 
 
 Arrangement of Light and 
 
 Screen 57 
 
 Imitations of Everyday Life... 58 
 Jump through the Ceiling ... 57 
 
 Leap into Cloudland 58 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Shadow Tableaux : 
 
 
 Policeman, The 
 
 ... 59 
 
 Position for Performer 
 
 ... 58 
 
 Shadow Working 
 
 ... 27 
 
 Shadovvgraphic Handbill... 
 
 ... 72 
 
 Ship 
 
 - 54 
 
 Showing ... 
 
 ... 29 
 
 Showing the Figures 
 
 ... 28 
 
 Splitting the Rivet 
 
 ... 19 
 
 Stays for Framework 
 
 ... 10 
 
 Talking Faces 
 
 ... 61 
 
 Ally Sloper 
 
 62, 63 
 
 Mr. Binks 
 
 ... 61 
 
 Testimonials 
 
 ... 70 
 
 Tin Figures, Cost of 
 
 ... 16 
 
 Tools 
 
 16, 63 
 
 Wheelbarrow 
 
 ... 25 
 
 Wheeled Figures 
 
 25, 67 
 
 Windmill, A 
 
 ... 25 
 
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The Century Book of Irish Wit and Humor 
 
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 enormous sales. It is an invaluable adjunct to any home and 
 will be found exceedingly helpful in the hands of parents and 
 and teachers as well as young people of both sexes. 184 pages; 
 
 pocket size. Elegantly bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 A. B, C. Quids to Ball Room 
 
 Book. This work contains an exhaustive summary of all the 
 fashionable square dances, and a lucid description of the various 
 round dances, waltzes, etc. It also contains complete quadrille 
 calls and is especially adapted to the needs of amateurs as well 
 as professionals. In brief, it is a complete guide to this health- 
 ful and beautiful exercise. 161 pages. Fully illustrated. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 A.B.C. Guide to Music. will serve to introduce all into 
 
 the theory and practice of the Musical Art. It contains simple 
 and illustrated chapters on singing and cultivation of the voice; 
 full and explicit helps to the piano and organ, short sketches of 
 eminent composers, and a complete dictionary of musical terms, 
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 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
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 3 
 
Brown’s Business Letter Writer and Book of 
 
 Commercial Forms. MTe^tif^co^ecuonFie? 
 
 ters and notes for ladies and gentlemen. Accurate directions are 
 given for conducting correct business correspondence, including 
 forms of notes, drafts, wills, deeds, agreements, leases, etc. It is 
 adapted to every age and station in life and to business pursuits 
 in general. It is indispensable to the student and should be ii f 
 
 every home. Elegantly printed and bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and sides stamped in gold < 50 cts 
 
 Complete letter Writer for Ladies and Gen- 
 
 By w * Brown. In addition to the great number 
 i ioilioll. of excellent Business Letters, there are hundreds 
 of Tables, Rules, Dictionary of Mercantile Terms, Forms of Wills, 
 Petitions, Drafts, Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Execu- 
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 work is pronounced superior to any similar work published, and 
 should be in the hands of every person, young and old. Elegantly 
 bound in 
 
 Silk cloth, gilt top. Price , $1.00 
 
 love letters and How to Write Them. *1 K: 
 
 Here is just the book not only for all unmarried folks, but other 
 folks as well; while, of course, they may not use the language pre- 
 sented, still they will remind them of the time when they were just 
 a little mo- e particular about their correspondence. One hundred 
 and forty styles are presented with notes and comments on each. 
 There are also excellent rules and good advice on love, courtship 
 and marriage that everybody ought to know. It won’t hurt any- 
 body to read the healthy chapters on the finer feelings of life. 
 Follow the forms here laid down and you cannot go far astray; 
 
 15d pages. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors... 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and sides stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Bookkeeping Without a Master. for the student, 
 
 clerk, tradesman and merchant. This is unquestionably the 
 most complete and practical work of the kind published. The 
 
 f jrinciples of the art of bookkeeping are clearly defined in plaiu 
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 fourteen specimen pages of books used in single and double entry, 
 embracing a complete and authentic system of single and double 
 entry ledgers, day and cash books, journals, how to balance, the 
 difference between single and double entry; about profit and loss, 
 stocks, interest and discounts, sundry accounts, bill books, bills 
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 heavy book paper. Size, 6x9*4 inches. 
 
 Bound in green silk cloth $1.00 
 
 The Henneberry Company Make Good Books, 
 
 Send for their compSete catalogue. 
 
 10 
 
The New Century Webster Dictionary 
 
 The very latest up-to-date; 28,000 words. This edition has been 
 carefully and conscientiously edited, using the work of the great 
 Noah Webster as a basis, and conforming, as near as possible, 
 with the views of such eminent philologists and orthoepists as 
 Worcester, Whitney, Corbett and Ayres. It contains clear and 
 concise definitions, correct accentuations, and full markings of 
 all difficult words, according to the highest authorities. It con- 
 tains many new words lately coined and not found in any dic- 
 tionary heretofore published; also a larger percentage of root 
 words than any other book of its kind. Issued in two styles of 
 binding. Size 2%x5 !4- 194 pages. 
 
 Silk cloth, red edges, indexed 25cts. 
 
 Full leather, gold edges, indexed 50 cts. 
 
 Bryant’s Commercial Business Guide or How to 
 
 Hfl BlSciflDCO By C.M. Bryant, Ph.D. A manual of self-instruc- 
 Ulf DUblilhbb. tion and useful information. A compendium 
 of facts, forms, methods and laws for safe conduct of business. 
 It contains facts, figures and general information, involving law, 
 both State and National, Commerce, Agriculture, Social customs, 
 Mercantile transactions and calculations, and the rights and 
 wrongs of Civil Life, all in a form carefully designed for practical 
 
 utility. Elegantly bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and sides stamped in gold ....50 cts. 
 
 First Steps in Magnetism 
 
 tended strictly as an introduction to the science of which it treats. 
 Theories may and do frequently change, but the facts of nature, 
 upon which they are founded are immutable. So we should study 
 the facts and the theories will adjust themselves. Care has been 
 taken to describe mostly such experiments as any student may 
 perform at home, with but little expenditure of money. Fully 
 illustrated. Elegantly bound in red silk cloth. Price 50 cts. 
 
 First Step in Electricity. G^ S. Specially adapted to 
 
 the requirements of the new code. Each and every chapter of 
 this book has been given as an object lesson many tim s to clas 
 ses of children averaging sixty in number, and of the ages of ten 
 to sixteen. It will be seen therefore that the experiments are 
 simple and inexpensive and can be performed at home. Fully 
 illustrated. Elegantly bound in handsome silk cloth. 
 
 Price 50 cts. 
 
 First lessons in Voltaic Electricity &o J r m F e 
 
 G. S. In this valuable little work on Voltaic Electricity, the 
 author has endeavored to explain fully and in a purely descriptive 
 and experimental manner, how to perform these simple experi- 
 ments with as little expense as possible. The immense popular- 
 ity of this little hand book by Prof. Harrison proves the wisdom 
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 Elegantly bound in handsome silk cloth. Price 50 cts. 
 
 The Henneberry Company Make Good Books. 
 
 Send for their complete catalogue. 
 
 U 
 
Telegraphy and How to Learn it 9 ters on Elemen- 
 tary Electricity. The importance of uniting these two allied sub- 
 jects is apparent to any one about to take up the study of Teleg- 
 raphy, either for a livelihood or pastime, and who has not & 
 rudimentary knowledge of the theory of Electricity. This book, 
 therefore, treats of the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph in its simplest 
 form, and with an instrument and a little practice you will be 
 surprised at the rapid advancement you will make by the aid of 
 this treatise. Handsomely illustrated and bound in cloth. 
 
 Price , $1 00 
 
 Modern Blaoksmithing. Rational Horseshoe- 
 ing and Wagon Making. valuable work is written by a 
 
 man having thirty years’ practical experience; Elementary rules 
 are employed, thus avoiding the more technical terms, rendering 
 this treatise practical and invaluable to all who have use for 
 it. Even the oldest blacksmith or wagon maker will find many 
 helpful suggestions, and any young man can master the prin- 
 ciples of these two useful arts by a careful study of this book. 
 Invaluable to farmers, horseshoers, wagon makers, machinists, 
 liverymen, well drillers and manufacturers. Fully illustrated. 
 Elegantly bound in handsome dark red. 
 
 Cloth $1.00 
 
 Half morocco 1.50 
 
 A. B. 0. Guide to Photography. 
 
 By T. Stith Bald- 
 w , r win. A practical 
 handbook containing instruction's for Amateur Photographers, 
 simply written and easily understood. Any man, woman or 
 child of ordinary intelligence, without previous experience, can 
 by simply following instructions, acquire the knowledge neces- 
 sary to operate, develop and print. 124 pages, profusely illus- 
 trated. Pocket size. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Fortune Telling by Cards. scribing how Cards are 
 
 “Read” by persons professing to tell fortunes by their aid. Mad- 
 ame Chiro is wdthout doubt the greatest Fortune Teller by means 
 of Cards that has ever visited America, and this, her only and 
 authorized book, is like the author, without a peer. If you would 
 learn to read fortunes as Madame Chiro does, this book will teach 
 you, and with practice you will become as adept as the author 
 
 herself. Fully illustrated. Bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and sides stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 The Mystic Circle Fortune Teller and Bream 
 
 9 By Mme. De La Normand. This book contains an 
 alphabetical list of dreams, with their signification 
 and lucky numbers, and tb? getting of fortunes by the Mystic Cir- 
 cle, Cards, Dice, Coffee and Tea Grounds. Also a list of curious 
 
 Superstitions and Omens. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors.... 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and sides stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 The Henneberry Company Make Good Books. 
 Send for their complete catalogue. 
 
 12 
 
The Book of Card Tricks and Sleight-of-Hand. 
 
 By Prof. R. Kunard. There is no book published on this subject 
 that has met with the- favor and demand than has this little book 
 of 182 pages. Nearly every card trick known is fully exposed by 
 explicit directions and carefully prepared illustrations. De- 
 signed for parlor and stage entertainments by professionals and 
 amateurs who may become experts with a little practice. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and sides stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Prantinal Vptltrilnnilicm OBy Robert Ganthony. Athor- 
 riCtuMuCll V Dll II IIUljlBIJll! oughly reliable guide to the 
 Art of Voice Throwing and Vocal Mimicry, Vocal Instrumenta- 
 tion, Ventriloquial Figures, Entertaining, etc. The long experi- 
 ence of the author on the stage and in teaching this wonderful 
 art by correspondence is conclusive evidence that by a little 
 application to the fundamental principles laid down in this book, 
 and by frequent practice after acquiring the two or three simple 
 rules, you can become an adept in the art. Fully illustrated. 
 
 Elegantly bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Herrmann’s Conjuring for Amateurs, 
 
 how to perform modern tricks, by Prof. Herrmann. Great care 
 has been exercised by the author to include in this book only 
 such tricks as have never before appeared in print. This assures 
 the performer a secret and almost endless fund for suitable 
 material to be used on all occasions. With little practice, almost 
 anyone can perform the more simple tricks, and with practice, 
 as he becomes more adept, he can perform the most difficult. No 
 book published contains a greater variety of material for con- 
 jurers and sleight-of-hand performers than this book. Coins, 
 cards, silk hat, handkerchiefs, balls, are all introduced in the 
 many programs offered, thus affording one an endless variety 
 from which to select for parlor or stage entertainments. 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Shadow Entertainments. 
 
 shadows are made and how to work them, so as to produce ex- 
 tremely funny situations, thus providing an evening’s entertain- 
 ment of a most enjoyable kind. A hundred illustrations with full 
 description of each has made this book extremely popular. 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 XVCU C1.UU-L, Ucl/Oii. ctxiu. SiUC 1JJ. guiu. . .OU Cts. 
 
 Keller’s Variety Entertainments. This is a collection 
 
 of original, laughable skits on Conjuring, Physiognomy, Jug- 
 gling, Performing feats. Wax Works, Panoramas, Phrenology, 
 Phonography, Second Sight, Lightning Calculators, Ventrilo- 
 quism, Spiritualism, etc., to which are added Humorous 
 Sketches, Whimsical Recitals, Parlor, Club and Lodge-Room 
 
 Comedies, Fully illustrated. 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors... 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 The Henneberry Company Make Good Books. 
 
 5end for their complete catalogue. 
 
McClure’s American Horse, Cattle and Sheep 
 
 nnotflK McClure, M. D., V. S. As a stock doctor 
 
 UUulUl • book, treating- the diseases of the three most profit- 
 able as well as most common of farm animals, save the hog, this 
 book never had a peer. It is the most valuable book ever pre- 
 pared for the farmer, and if we may judge its popularity by its 
 sale, it is the most successful book for the farmer and stock 
 raiser ever written. The illustrations are excellent. 
 Handsomely bound in silk cloth. Price $1.50 
 
 American Standard Poultry Book. Wright. This 
 
 book is the recognized standard treatise on Poultry Raising. It 
 treats fully all phases of the business — incubators, houses, 
 brooders; the various breeds — ducks, turkeys, geese, guineas ; the 
 diseases of each ; how and what to feed ; how to market — in short, 
 if one follows the instructions contained herein, he may con- 
 fidently look for success. Profusely illustrated and bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Standard Belgian Hare Book 
 
 Hares is no longer a fad; as a commercial enterprise, it is bring- 
 ing thousands of dollars to those who are engaged in the busi- 
 ness. Belgian Hare raising is the most profitable business one 
 can engage in, and there is no reason why a fortune cannot be 
 made in a few years if one will study carefully the methods laid 
 down in this book, and avoid making the mistakes that prove 
 costly in all new enterprises. Diseases common to Rabbits are 
 fully treated. The book is profusely illustrated and bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 A. B. C. Guide to Poultry-Keeping 
 
 the endorsement of the leading poultry raisers of the United 
 States, Canada, and even Europe where it has found its way, be- 
 cause of its completeness and honest treatment of the pains and 
 penalties as well as the pleasure and profit in poultry raising. 
 Fully illustrated. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors — 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 A. B. G. Guide to Bee-Keeping. A practical manual 
 
 of the proper care and management of Bees, designed especially 
 for amateurs, beginners and farmers, and all others, including 
 experts who have found this book the most helpful guide to api- 
 culture published. Newly revised and enlarged. More than 100 
 
 pages and profusely illustrated. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 T he Henneberry Company Make Good Books. 
 
 Send lor their complete catalogue. 
 
Swine and Their Diseases. This brief treatise on 
 
 Swine and their Diseases is the best ever published, because of 
 the simplicity of treatment and sure cure of every disease of the 
 hog, when the remedies are administered in time, and in the 
 manner prescribed in this handy little volume. The remedies are 
 inexpensive ; most farmers constantly keep in the house about 
 all the medicines recommended in this treatise. The great popu- 
 larity of this book lies in the success its remedies have afforded 
 all who have had occasion to use them. Fully illustrated. 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Sheep and Their Diseases This excellent -work on 
 
 Sheep coming from so high an authority places it at once at the 
 top among the special books for stock raisers. The subjects 
 treated include: The History and Variety; the Best Modes of 
 Breeding; their Feeding and Management; the Diseases to which 
 They are Subject and the Appropriate Remedies for each, with 
 numerous illustrations of buildings and out-houses, as well as of 
 the variety and kinds of sheep suitable for market. 250 pages. 
 
 Elegantly bound. 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors 50 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold $1.00 
 
 Gleason’s Horse-Training Made Easy. 
 
 V. S. This is a new and practical system of Teaching and Edu- 
 cating the Horse. There are chapters on Whip Training; or, How 
 to Drive without Reins; How to Make a Horse Trot Honest; 
 Essay on Horseshoeing; with treatment of the various diseases 
 of the Horse, including a full and complete history of Glanders. 
 This is the simplest and best book of its kind published, and is 
 fully illustrated. In addition to many small cuts there are sev 
 
 eral full page illustrations. Elegantly bound. 
 
 Handsome paper covers printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Standard Poultry and Belgian Hare Book 
 
 The raising of Belgian Hares as well as Poultry is no longer a 
 fad ; both as commercial enterprises are bringing millions of dol- 
 lars to those who are engaged in the business. Poultry and Bel- 
 gian Hare raising is the most profitable business one can engage 
 in, and there is no reason why a fortune cannot be made in a 
 few years if one will study carefully the methods laid down in 
 this book and avoid making the mistakes that prove costly in all 
 new enterprises. Diseases common to Poultry and Rabbits are 
 fully treated. The book is profusely illustrated and bound in 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 50 cts 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold $1 00 
 
 The Henneberry Company Make Good Books. 
 
 Send for their complete catalogue. 
 
 15 
 
Complete Buffet Manual, or How to Mix Fancy 
 
 ririnl/C The need of an Up-to-date book, treating on this sub- 
 UllllRo. ject has been a long felt want. We earnestly believe 
 that this want is now supplied by this book, and we trust the 
 reader, if he becomes the practitioner, will enjoy the beverage* 
 after following the directions, as much as the author did in pre- 
 paring this handy little volume. 
 
 Handsome paper covers, printed in three colors 25 cts. 
 
 Red silk cloth, back and side stamped in gold 50 cts. 
 
 Plain Medical Talks For Women and Nursery 
 
 AHlfico? By Henry McMurtrie, M. D. Is the most serviceable 
 MllViOlil. book for the home published. The relation of man to 
 woman, society, love, marriage, parentage, rules for preserving 
 health of married women; directions to pregnant women; an ac- 
 count of their diseases with full instructions for the rearing of 
 children from birth, with an account of the diseases of infancy, 
 are a few of the leading facts treated in this wonderful book. 
 Enlarged to 300 pages, fully illustrated. Handsomely bound in 
 Red silk cloth with gold design on back and side. 
 
 Price 75 cts. 
 
 Dr. Hood s Plain Talks and Common Sense 
 
 A fluid nr Treats about the Human System, the 
 mcliibdi mmUL Habits of Men and Women. Our Sex- 
 ual Relations and Social Natures; embracing Confidential Med- 
 ical Talks applied to Causes. Prevention and Cure of Chronic 
 Diseases, the Natural Relations of Men and Women to Each 
 Other, Society, Love, Marriage, Parentage, Diseases of Children, 
 Nursing and Care of the Sick, Domestic Surgery, Materia Medica, 
 Hygiene, Skin Diseases, etc., etc. Works on branches of science 
 other than medicine flow from printing presses in an increasing 
 stream. Books on subjects such as Biology, Chemistry, Astron- 
 omy and Political Economy are widely read and freely discussed. 
 Why should medicine alone be monopolized by its professors and 
 denied the public ? What an incalculable amount of suffering 
 might be prevented, and how many lives might be lengthened, did 
 a more general acqnaintance with the nature of diseases and 
 mode of preventing them exist. This valuable work divulges all 
 the secrets known to medical science. 
 
 The book is printed from large, clear type on a superior quality 
 of wove paper, 1,200 pages. Large, 8vo., cloth. Size, 8x10, with 
 special cover designs in colored inks, marbled edges. 
 
 Price $5.00 
 
 A Compendium of Domestic Medicine Adviser. By 
 
 Henry McMutrie, M. D. A great family medical adviser and com- 
 panion of pocket size, with illustrations of all essential parts of 
 the human body with treatise on all ordinary diseases. The book 
 is fully illustrated and contains 256 large bright pages. Hand- 
 somely bound, silk cloth with gold design on back and side. 
 
 Price 75 cts. 
 
 The Henneberry Company Make Good Books. 
 
 Send for their complete catalogue. 
 
 16