UNION LEAGUE CLUB 
 
 OF 
 
 NEAV YORK 
 
 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 ON 
 
 EMIGRATION. 
 
 
 PRESENTED AT THE MONTHLY MEETING, HELD 
 
 MAY 12th, 1864. . 
 
 CLUB-HOUSE, UNION SQUARE, 
 
 No. 26 East SeTenteenth Street, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 18G4.
 
 2.2.5.1
 
 o.. 
 
 J 
 
 'PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB IN REFER- 
 
 P ENCE TO EMIGRATION. 
 
 0^ • 
 
 At a regular montlily meeting of the Union League Club, of New 
 York, held at the Club-House on Thursday, the 14th day of April, 
 1864, the President in the Chair, the following Preamble and Resolu- 
 tion, offered by Mr. George Cabot Ward, were unanimously adopted : 
 
 Wlierea^^ there is reason to believe that the increasing emigration 
 from Europe to the United States, naturally induced by the law of sup- 
 ply and demand, may be facilitated and rendered more beneficial to 
 all parties by the diffusion of correct information, and by the estab- 
 lishment of agencies through which the various classes of employers 
 in America may obtain the particular operatives they require, mth a 
 proper guarantee of their ability and moral character ; therefore, 
 
 Resolved^ That a committee of seven be appointed to consider care- 
 •O fully this subject in its various phases, and report their views thereon 
 -^^ to this club at the next general meeting. 
 
 The Chair appointed, as such committee, Messrs. George Cabot 
 ^ Ward, John Jay, W. H. Osborn, Horatio Allen, W. E. Dodge, 
 :5~7 J. G. HoLBROOK, and Sherman J. Bacon. 
 
 ^ 
 
 At the monthly meeting of the Club, held on Thursday, the 12th 
 of May, 1864, Mr. Jay, on behalf of the Special Committee on Emi- 
 Q gration, presented and read a Report, whereupon Mr. Bodge offered 
 ^ the following resolution : 
 
 P^ 
 
 Resolved., That the Report of the Committee on Emigration be 
 printed, under their direction, for the use of the members, and that 
 the Committee be continued, and requested to advise the Club of any 
 further suggestions on the subject which they may deem important. 
 
 Upon motion, the resolution was adopted, and the Committee 
 was directed to print 2,500 copies of said report. 
 
 f 23734
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. 
 
 The Special Coininittee to whom was referred a Pre- 
 amhle and Resolution on the subject of Emigration, beg 
 leave respectfully to report, 
 
 That they have given the subject careful reflection, 
 and have advised thereon with the Secretary of State, 
 with Members of Congress, and with practical men who 
 have been largely interested in promoting emigration for 
 the purposes of their own business, and for the sale and 
 settlement of Western lands. 
 
 The subject of emigration, which from the birth of our 
 Republic has always been one of interest and importance, 
 has become, in consequence of the Rebellion, a National 
 question of vast magnitude, and has engaged the serious 
 attention of the Government. 
 
 ACTION OF THE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The President, in his last Annual Message, submitted 
 to Congress the expediency of establishing a system for 
 the encouragement of emigration ; referring to the great 
 deficiency of labour in every field of industry, especially 
 in agriculture and in our mmes ; to the fact that tens of
 
 6 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL CO}DfrTTEE 
 
 thousands of persons, destitute of means, are thronging our 
 
 Foreign Consnhites, anxious to emigrate to tlie United 
 States if essential hut very eheap assistanee could he 
 afforded them ; and remarking tluit, under the sharp dis- 
 cipline of civil war, the Nation is heglnning a new life, and 
 that this noble effort demands and should receive the sup- 
 port of the Government. 
 
 In the House, tliis part of the President's Message 
 was referred to a Special Committee, who, tln*ough its 
 Chairman, the lion. G. B. Washburne, has made a Report, 
 accompanied by a suggestive and valuable letter from the 
 Secretary of State, by anotlier from Mr. J. M. Edmonds, 
 Commissioner of the Land Oftice, and bv a Bill to encour- 
 age emigration. 
 
 In the Senate, the subject of establishing a Bureau of 
 Emigration, and the enactment of suitable laws for tlie 
 encouragement and protection of emigrants, has been care- 
 fully considered b}' tl»e Committee on Agriculture, wlio, 
 through Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, made an elaborate and 
 very interesting Report, also accompanied by a Bill to 
 Encoura<j:e Emij^vation. 
 
 The thoroughness of the examination thus given to tlie 
 subject in the State De])artment, and in both branches of 
 Congress, and the careful collation of statistics bearino- 
 upon the rpiestion, entitles the conclusion reached by the 
 Committees to great respect.
 
 ON EMIGRATION. 1 
 
 INCREASE OF EMIGRATION AND INDUCEMENTS THERETO. 
 
 The largest emigration in any one year to the United 
 States was in 1854, when it anionnted to 427,000. In 
 1860 it was 153,000. In 1861 there was a marked de- 
 cline. The arrivals for 1862 showed an advance of 20 per 
 cent., and those of 1863 were within an hundred of those 
 of 1860. 
 
 The arrivals thus far in 1861 show a larger increase, 
 and a letter from Mr. Consul Dudley at Liverpool, dated 
 the 22d of April, to the Secretary of State, states that the 
 emigration to the United States from that port is unprece- 
 dented, and that there are not at the present time half 
 ships enough to carry the emigrants waiting for a passage ; 
 that lie learned from two houses that all their passages 
 were eno^a^'ed to the 1st of June ; and one firm stated that 
 they could send to the States, within two months, 50,000 
 persons, if they had the ships to carry them. 
 
 This anxiety on the part of English subjects to link 
 their destiny with that of our Republic, is a significant 
 response to the loud-mouthed assurances of British orators 
 and organs of slavery and secession, that '' the bubble of 
 democracy has burst," and that our citizens are being 
 ground to the dust by the iron heel of a military despotism. 
 
 Similar letters, as your Committee were advised by the 
 Secretary of State, are constantly being received from the 
 continental consulates.
 
 8 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 Mr. Wtibliburnc'ti Report, rclurriiig to the vacuum cre- 
 ated in our labour market by the war, estimates the number 
 of Labouring men wlio liave left their employments and 
 gone into the field in the defence of the Kepublic, at 
 nearly a million and a quarter; and to these nuist be 
 added, in estimating, what will presently l)e the wants of 
 the whole country, some six or eight hundred thousand men 
 put into the field on the part of tlie Rebels ; so that the 
 entire loss from the Rebellion to our National industry 
 may be estimated at from a milliun and a half to two mil- 
 lions of men. The dearth of labour thus created is severely 
 felt, not only in our agriculture and our thousands of man- 
 ufactories, but in the coal and iron mines of Pennsylvania, 
 the coal mines of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois ; in the Lead 
 mines of Galena, and the Gold and Silver Ji lines of C Cali- 
 fornia, Nevada, Idaho and Colorado; while the demand 
 for labourers on our Railroads alone would al.)s<>rb, ac- 
 cordinij: to Mr. AVashburne, the entire emi-q-ation of 18(>o. 
 
 The general inducements to emigration, such as the 
 high price of labour and the low price of food compared 
 with other countries, our land policy, which gives to every 
 naturalized citizen a liomestead of 100 acres, the political 
 lights which we confer so lavishly, our free school system, 
 which confers educati(.>n upon all, and gives dignity and 
 ])ower to the i)Oorest citizen, these blessings and advantages, 
 combined with the 2')restige of oui- Republic, so iimnensely 
 to be increased when this Rebellion .^hall be bup])ressed. 
 
 /
 
 ON EMIGRATION 9 
 
 its cause removed, and harmony restored, are now turning 
 towards our shores many thousands for whom no ships are 
 ready, and render it unnecessary, in the opinion of states- 
 men at "Washington, to devise new inducements to em- 
 igration, when the throng of waiting emigrants exceeds 
 so largely the ability to bring them. 
 
 And yet, in view of the future of America, its capa- 
 bilities for supporting a population, and of the amount 
 added by each emigrant to the wealth of the nation, tlie 
 subject is one deserving of the most careful study. -^ 
 
 * The preliminary report of Mr. Jos. C. G. Kennedy to the Census of 
 1860 contains some interesting tables, showing the statistics of our foreign 
 emigration from 1820, and approximate estimates of an earlier period. The 
 total number of emigrants to American ports since 1820 is about five mil- 
 lions and a half. Mr. Kennedy assumes the emigration from Great Britain 
 and Ireland to the United States, since the close of the war in 1814, to have 
 
 been 3,500,000 
 
 By the Custom-house returns the emigration, since 1820, 
 
 from Germany, was 1,486,000 
 
 From France 208,000 
 
 British America 1 17,000 
 
 Prussia . . 60,000 
 
 Switzerland 37,000 
 
 Norway and Sweden 30,000 
 
 China 41,000 
 
 West Indies 40,000 
 
 Holland 21,000 
 
 Italy 11,000 
 
 Spain 16,000 
 
 <fec. <fec., <fec. 
 
 A table of the occupation of emigrants since 1820 shows that the occu- 
 pations of about 3,000,000, out of a total of 5,450,000 emigrants, was not 
 stated. Of tlio.se whose occupation was stated, there were
 
 r 
 
 10 REPORT OF THE .SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 THE AREA, POPULATION, AND CAPABILITIES OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 The lion. Tlobert J. Walker, in a recent letter upon 
 American Finances and Hesonrccs, remarks that, '^ if as well 
 cultivated as England, our country could more than feed 
 and clothe the whole world ; that if as densely settled as 
 England, our population would be more than 1200 mil- 
 lions, and if as densely settled as Massachusetts, among 
 
 the least fertile of our States, we would number 513 mil- 
 
 1* ^j 
 ions. 
 
 Our area exceeds that of Europe, and we have greater 
 extent of mines, especially of coal, iron, gold, silver and 
 quicksilver — our coal alone, as stated by Sir "William 
 Armstrong, being thirty-two times as great as that of the 
 United Kingdom ; and our iron will l)car a similar propor- 
 tion. 
 
 Labourers 872,000 
 
 Mechanics 407,000 
 
 Farmers 764,000 
 
 ^lerchants 231,000 
 
 AVeavers and Spinners 11 ,000 
 
 ^larincrs 29,000 
 
 Miners 39,000 
 
 Servants 21 ,000 
 
 Physicians 2,200 
 
 Clergymen 1 ,420 
 
 Lawyers 1,140 
 
 Enij^ineers 825 
 
 itc., «tc., tfcc. 
 
 The females arc less than the males, in the proportion of two to three, 
 
 and almost precisely one half of the emigrants are between fifteen and thirty 
 
 years of age.
 
 ON EMIGRA TION. 11 
 
 Our coast and shore line, according to Professor Baclie, 
 is, in all, 122,784 miles, of wliieli one-half is navigable by 
 steam, employing an interior Steam Tonnage exceeding 
 all the internal Steam Tonnage of the rest of the world. 
 All Europe combined can never have such facilities for 
 cheap water communication as belong to the United 
 States, and this, which is a mighty element in estimating 
 the power and progress of a nation, shows also, accord- 
 ing to Professor Bache, why so small a portion of our 
 land recpiires irrigation, and why we have no general fail- 
 ures of crops, and so few partial failures of any crop." 
 
 According to the report of the Commissioner of Public 
 Lands for ISGO, the public lands embrace an area of two 
 million and a quarter square miles, or more than two- 
 thirds of our territorial extent. Of the part surveyed, a 
 thousand millions of acres, or 1,600,000 square miles, 
 exceeding half the area of the whole Union, is yet undis- 
 posed of, and this area of our public domain waiting for 
 settlement is " thirty-two times as large as England 
 proper" — a fact wliich, even assuming but half of this 
 
 * Lieut. Maurj^ remarked, when in the service of the United States, 
 and before he had forfeited his integrity by his treaeher}- to the Flag: 
 " The area of all the vallej^s which are drained bj' the rivers of Europe 
 which empt}^ into the Atlantic, all the valleys that are drained bj' the rivers 
 of Asia which empt}^ into the Indian Ocean, and of all the vallej'S that are 
 drained by the rivers of Africa and Europe which empty into the Mediter- 
 ranean, docs not cover an extent of territory as great as that included in 
 the valleys drained by the American rivers alone which discharge themselves 
 into one central sea" — the Gulf of Mexico.
 
 12 UErORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 area to be fit for culture, it may not be amiss to remem« 
 ber wlicn we arc reminded of the fact that our Na- 
 tional debt incurred in preserving the integrity of the lie- 
 public, and to be paid for by the generations that are to 
 inliabit tliis broad land, is about one half as large as the 
 debt of Enii^land.^ 
 
 The rate at whicli our population has increased from 
 1700 to ISOO, is 34.0, nearly 35 per cent., and this rate 
 has been singularly uniform, never varying, in a single 
 decade, more than four per cent. If we shall continue 
 to increase at the same rate, we shall attain tlie density of 
 population which exists in Europe, in the year 1925, sixty- 
 one years from to-day ; and as we now count some eighty- 
 eight years since our ]^ational birth in 1770, it requires 
 no stretch of iinas^ination to look forward less than three- 
 fourths of that period. If our ratio continues uniform, 
 we shall number, in 1925, 217 millions. 
 
 * The Edinburgh Review for Ajiril, 18G4, in an article on " British North 
 America," remarks : 
 
 "Pcrliaps we shall somewhat surprise our readers if we inform tliem 
 that one third of the United States is wholly unfitted for occupation by 
 man." 
 
 The Rocky Mountain System, as stnted hy Prof Ilenrj', occupies one 
 third of the entire breadth of the United States, and is, in great part, imfit 
 for cultivation ; but, excluding from consideration this one third of the 
 totjil area of the United States (2,030,100 square miles), there remains 
 1,080, TVS square miles fit for cultivation — which, as compared with the total 
 area of Great Britain (121,012 square miles), is more than sixteen to one.
 
 ON EMIGRATION. 13 
 
 EMIGRATION AS AN ECONOMICAL QUESTION. 
 
 The question of emigration, therefore, in reference to 
 the future, is one to which the statesmen and political 
 economists of our country can hardly attach too great im- 
 portance. Kor is the question that looms up with such 
 immensity in the next century, without immediate impor- 
 tance in its bearing on our national revenue of to-day. 
 
 The Reports by the Emigrant Commissioners of the 
 State of New York, of the average amount of capital 
 brought into the country by European emigrants, in addi- 
 tion to their personal effects, assisted to account for the 
 almost startling rapidity in the increase of the personal 
 property of the nation, as exhibited by successive censuses. 
 
 But apart from the gold and silver brought in the 
 pockets of the emigrants, especially of those from Germany 
 and Northern Europe, it is to be remembered that every 
 man contributes, by his productive labour, to the National 
 wealth, and that each individual, under our present sys- 
 tem of taxes, contributes directly to the National Treasury 
 a per centage on a part of the food that he eats, the tea, 
 coffee and whisky that he drinks, the tobacco that he uses, 
 and the clothes that he wears. 
 
 What may be a correct estimate of these two items, 
 the pecuniary value of the labour of tlie emigrant to tlie 
 State, and his average contribution in direct taxes, is a 
 question of no small interest. But adopting tlie very low 
 estimate that each man on an average adds $100 a year to
 
 14 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 the National wealth, and $10 a year to tlie National 
 Treasury, it becomes clear that the National Government, 
 looking npon the matter simply in a pecuniary i)oint of 
 view, could make no better nor surer investment, than in 
 importing emigrants at the National cost, whose labour 
 would directly or indirectly restore the advance fourfold. 
 
 PROVISIONS OF MR. WASHBURNE'S BILL. 
 
 Such a step, however, at this moment, whatever its 
 advantages, would be regarded with jealousy by the 
 European Powers, and might lead to international com- 
 plications ;* and the Bill reported by Mr. "Washbnrne, 
 
 * So fiir as agricultural emigrants are concerned, and in reference to the 
 food question, Great Britain and France, as their jwlitical economists have 
 already discovered, are even more interested than ourselves in the growth 
 of our rural population. The fiict can no longer be ignored that, in Western 
 Europe, consumption has long since overtaken and is now fast gaining on 
 j)roduction, and that their people must henceforth look to the United States 
 for bread, to prevent sucli catastrophes as the Irisli famine of 1847, when 
 half a million are said to have died of starvation. On this subject, a remark 
 of that high authoritj-, Mr. John Stuart Mill, in his " Political Economy," is. 
 eminently suggestive : 
 
 " The principal fund at present available for supplying the countrj' 
 with a yearly importation of food is that portion of the annual savings 
 of America which has hitherto been applied to increasing the manufacturing 
 establishments of the United States, and which may now, possibly, be di- 
 verted from that purpose to growing food for our market. This limited 
 source of supply, unless great improvements are made in agriculture, can- 
 not keep pace with the growing demands of so rapidly increasing a popula- 
 tion as that of Great Britain ; and if our jwpulation and capital continue to 
 increase with their present rapidity, the only mode in which food can con- 
 tinue to be supplied cheaply to the one is by sending the other abroad to 
 produce it"— (London, 1848, 2d edit., 2d vol., pp. 297, 8.) 
 
 These words, ^\Titten some sixteen years ago, apart from their imme-
 
 ON EMIGRA TION. 1 5 
 
 which is modeled upon one prepared by the State Depart- 
 ment, cautiously avoids all effort at assisting the foreign 
 emigrant until after his arrival on our shores. Its features 
 are briefly these : 
 
 1. It appoints a Commissioner of Emigration in the 
 State Department, to serve for four years, with a salary 
 of $2,500, and three clerks. 
 
 2. It j^rovides that all contracts made by emigrants to 
 the United States, in foreign countries, in conformity to 
 regulations established by the Commissioner, pledging 
 their labour for a term not exceeding one year, to repay 
 the expenses of the emigration, may be enforced in our 
 courts, and shall be a lien on any land to be thereafter 
 acquired by tlie emigrant. 
 
 3. It authorizes the Secretary of State to reduce the ton- 
 nage duty on Emigrant ships. 
 
 4. It provides that no emigrant shall be compulsively 
 enrolled for military service during the existing insurrec- 
 tion. 
 
 5. That there shall be an IT. S. Emigrant Office in 
 New York, with a superintendent and two clerks, autlior- 
 
 diate bearing upon the subject of emigration, are noteworthy, as exhibiting 
 the direct and deep interest which the masses of the English people have, 
 and which they seem instinctively to recognize, in the preservation of our 
 National peace and prosperity — not alone as regards the favouring influence 
 of the American Republic upon British Reform and their own political and 
 social elevation, but in reference to the yet more important question of their 
 daily food.
 
 16 EbrORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 izcd to make contracts for the transportation of emigrants, 
 in tlie cheapest and most expeditious mode, to the place 
 of their destination, and to protect tliem from imposition. 
 0. That the Superintendent may make advances, for 
 tlie purposes of transportation, upon the baggage or effects 
 of the Emicjrant. 
 
 7. It forbids the employment of any i)erson, under the 
 Act, who may be interested in land or transportation com- 
 panies. 
 
 8. It recpiires tlie Commissioner tu submit a detailed 
 Annual Report to Congress, and 
 
 0. It appropriates $25,000 for carrying the provisions 
 of the act into eifect. 
 
 The passage of this Act will l)e a decided advance in 
 the action of Government toucliing Emigration, and will 
 open the way for such additional provisions, in the future, 
 as may be found expedient on reviewing the details of 
 the last year's emigration ; and in view of the reluctance 
 entertained by the Government, pending our domestic 
 embarrassments, to take unnecessarily any step which may 
 be turned into an occasion of foreign (piarrel, the country 
 will hail the passage of the Act of Mr. Washburne as 
 affording some advantage for the ])resent, aiul as preparing 
 the way for more efficient action in the future. 
 
 The provisions of the act (embodied at the sugges- 
 tion of Mr. Seward) for securing the re-payment by the 
 emigrant of moneys advanced for his passage, meet, to a
 
 ON EMIGRATION. 17 
 
 certain extent, the point specially designated in the Pre- 
 amble to the Resolution under whicli your Committee 
 were appointed, touching the possibility of arrangements 
 by which the various classes of employers in America 
 may obtain the particular labour they employ. 
 
 How far the contracts proposed by the act, recogniz- 
 able in our courts, and acting as a lien upon lands, may 
 be available to secure advances, is yet to be tested. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 But your Committee are satisfied, from a prolonged 
 and careful investigation of the results of various experi- 
 ments in the importation of skilled labourers in difterent 
 branches of manufacture, that the parties here making the 
 advances have found insuperable difiiculties, arising some- 
 times from one cause and sometimes from another, to the 
 satisfactory fulfillment of the engagements. 
 
 The idea that has occasionally prevailed among our 
 skilled labourers, that either special or general emigration 
 is likely to interfere with the wages or interests of those 
 already here, is one which, however natural it may seem, 
 is contradicted by the vastness of our country and the 
 magnitude of its needs. 
 
 The Committee rejoice to believe that the leading 
 statesmen of this country are deeply impressed with the 
 vital importance of protecting and stimulating its resources 
 to their utmost extent. During the civil wars of European
 
 18 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 states, those men who liave left in tlie National annals the 
 most ineffaceable records were those who, amid the com- 
 motions of war, laid the broadest foundations for a revival 
 of national prosperity, by comprehensive measures of civil 
 policy, in promoting manufactures and developing agricul- 
 tural and mineral wealth. 
 
 The entire subject of Emigration, whether in its rela- 
 tion to private enterprise or public works, to its develop- 
 ment of our resources, the payment of our taxes, the in- 
 crease of our wealth, or the preservation and increase of 
 our power, is one that will henceforth deserve the most 
 thoughtful study at the hands of the economists and 
 statesmen of our Hepublic. 
 
 The Committee do not deem it expedient at this mo- 
 ment to propose, for the adoption of the Club, any special 
 recommendations going beyond the legislative provisions 
 proposed by Congress. The establishment of an Emigra- 
 tion Bureau in this city will probably open opportunities 
 for devising improvements in the system ; and tlie Gov- 
 ernment will, perhaps, soon feel at liberty to consult more 
 exclusively, in this respect, the interests and ]>references of 
 the American people — always, of course, with a profiMind 
 regard to the mutual obligations of international justice 
 and international courtesy, but with a less ready yielding 
 to tlic wishes or intimations of European Powers. Such 
 a deference to thuse Powers, at the i)resent time, is hardly 
 based upon any approval of their ol)jections, but rather
 
 O.V EMIGRATION. 19 
 
 upon tlie fact that we are sufficiently occupied for tlie mo- 
 ment in vindicating the right of Republican government, 
 and disposing permanently of a domestic embarrassment, 
 and upon the conviction that, with the near prospect of 
 the restoration of our ISTational quiet, with tenfold of our 
 former N^ational power, it will be more convenient to post- 
 pone for a brief season the discussion and settlement of 
 foreign questions, however interesting or important. 
 New York, May 12, 1864. 
 
 Geo. Cabot Ward, 
 John Jay, 
 w. h, osborn, 
 Horatio Allen, 
 j. g. holbrook, 
 Sherman J. Bacon, 
 


 
 UNION LEAGUE CLUB OF NEW YORK. 
 
 OFFICERS FOR 1864:. 
 
 JONATHAN STURGIS, 
 
 MURRAY HOFFMAN, 
 CHARLES KING, 
 JOHN C. GREEN, 
 MOSES TAYLOR, 
 JOHN A. DIX, 
 HENRY W. BELLOWS, 
 
 Uite-lvcbiacnt^, 
 
 FRANCLS B. CUTTING, 
 WILLARD PARKER, 
 ALEXANDER T. STEWART, 
 JAMES W. BEEKMAN, 
 GEORGE BANCROFT, 
 DAVID HOADLEY. 
 
 OTIS D. SWAN. 
 WILLIAM J. HOPPIN. 
 
 ^xtmiiu €mnmxiUt. 
 
 GEORGE GRISWOLD, 
 GEORGE CABOT WARP, 
 FRANKLIN H. DELANO, 
 JAMES BOORMAN JOHNSTON, 
 HENRY L. PIERSON, 
 FRANK E. HOWE, 
 GEORGE W. BLUNT, 
 
 ROBERT LENOX KENNEDY, 
 WILLIAM E. DODGE, Jdn., 
 JOHN A. WEEKS, 
 JOHN JAY, 
 HENRY E. CLARK, 
 DAVID VAN NOSTRAND, 
 THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 
 
 RICHARD M. HUNT, 
 THE SECRETARY AND TREASURER, Ex Orncio.
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 (d'ommittcf on ^(bni5.':;ion.-p. 
 
 N. PENDLETON HOSACK, 
 CORNELIUS Jl. AGNEW, 
 THOMAS n. FAILE, 
 
 SlIEPPARD CANDY, 
 DUDLEY B. FULLER, 
 WOLCOTT GIBCS, 
 
 GEORGE T. STRONG, 
 THE SECRETARY AND TREASURER, Ex Officio. 
 
 8E0RGE GRISWOLD, | FRANKLIN H. DELANO, 
 
 JOHN A, WEEKS. 
 
 Knvitatiou dTommiHce, 
 
 FRANK E. HOWE, | GEORGE W. BLUNT, 
 
 DAVID VAN NOSTRAND. 
 
 ibvavM <l''on\m\ttfc. 
 
 SAMUEL OSGOOD, D. D., | VICENZO BOTTA, 
 
 ALBERT MATTHEWS.
 
 1