VOLUME XVll Number 3 The Ohio State University Bulletin Agricultural Extension Servi^^^ ^ ^ % August, t9t2 PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY AT COLUMBUS Entered as second-class matter November 17, 1905, at the pOvStoffice at Columbus, Ohio, under Act of Congress, July 16, 1894. Agricultural Extension Service Introductory Statement This bulletin has been prepared to give information concerning the dilferent forms of Agricultural Extension Service conducted b)^ the College of Agriculture of the Ohio State University at Columbus. Applications for any of these forms of extension service and corre¬ spondence regarding them should be addressed to A. B. Graham, Superintendent of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Columbus, Ohio. Members of Agricultural Extension School at Xenia, Ohio. THE LAW RELATING TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK Sec. 7973. The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science of the University shall arrange for the extension of its teachings throughout the State, and hold schools in which instruction shall be given in soil fertility, stock raising, crop production, dairying, horti¬ culture, domestic science, and kindred subjects. No such school shall exceed one week in length, and not more than one be held in an}^ one county during a year. Sec. 7974. In addition to the holding of such schools, such col- lege shall give instruction and demonstration in various lines of agricul¬ ture at agricultural fairs, institutes, granges, clubs, or in connection with any other organizations that, in its judgment, may be useful in extend¬ ing agricultural knowledge. The work in extension may also include instruction by mail in agricultural and mechanical arts, and the pub¬ lications of bulletins designed to carry the benefits of its teaching to communities remote from the college. Any common carrier is author¬ ized and empowered to carry the persons employed and the equipment and exhibits used in such instruction and demonstrations, free or at re¬ duced rates. 3 Forms of Agricultural Extension Service In order to carry the teachings of the College of Agriculture to the people of rural communities and toothers interested in agricultural industries, the following kinds of extension work have been conducted during the past year and will be arranged for more extensively during the coming year. Agricultural Extension Schools. Independent Farmers’ Institutes. Special Meetings for Women. Demonstrations in Spraying Fruit Trees. Pruning. Tree Surgery. Packing of Fruit. Grading of Eggs. Making of Butter in the Home. Mixing of Commercial Fertilizers. Field, Meetings. Agricultural Trains. Fair Exhibits. Agricultural News Service. Bulletins: The Agricultural College Extension Bulletin. Home Makers’ Reading Course Bulletin. Farmers’ Reading Course Bulletin. Identification of plants, fruits, insects, etc. Suggestions for Agricultural Work in the Rural Schools. Visits to Farms. Lectures at Institutes, Granges, Clubs and Other Organizations. Listening to a lecture fioni door of baggage car on Agricultural Train. 4 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SCHOOLS In the Agricultural Extension Schools four courses will be offered. One combination may be selected from the four following; (1) Soil Fertility, Farm Crops, and Live Stock. (2) Soil Fertility, Farm Crops, and Dairying. (3) Soil Fertility, Farm Crops, and Horticulture. (4) Soil Fertility, Horticulture, and Dairying. Soil Fertility: This course will consist of a discussion of the principles under¬ lying the maintenance of soil fertility, including such subjects as food requirements of plants, the use and effect of tillage, drainage, ma¬ nures, fertilizers, lime, etc. Farm Crops: This course will consist of a study of cereals and crop rotations. Practise work will be given in grain judging and seed selection. An Agricultural Extension School in Session. Live Stock: The work in this subject will take up a discussion of the types of farm animals and feeding and breeding of live stock. Practical instruction in stock judging will be given. Dairying: This course will include instruction in the principles of dair3dng, feeding and breeding of dairy cattle, barn sanitation, and the care of milk. 5 Horticulture: The work of this course will consist of instruction in the prin¬ ciples of fruit and vegetable growing, and will include cultivation, pruning, spraying and marketing of horticultural crops. Home Makers’ Course A course for Home Makers will be given in connection with the Agricultural Extension Schools. This course will include instruction in the selection and preparation of foods, sanitation, decoration, and other subjects of importance in the household. Practical demonstrations in food selection and preparation will be given. Special Extension School at the Ohio State University During the week of February 3-7, IQ13, no Extension School will be held outside of Columbus. A school of one week will be held at the College of Agriculture, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, at which all of the courses offered above, both for men and women, will be given by the entire instructional force of the Extension Department. Bread Judging Day in a Home Makers’ School. Boys* and Girls’ Week During the same week, a special course in Agriculture will be offered for bo3^s and a special course in Home Making for girls. There is no age limit, but it is believed that those under the age of fourteen will not receive the greatest benefit from the work. 6 University Rules Rules governing the holding of “Agricultural Extension Schools,” Adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Ohio State University, April 8, 1909, and amended July 18, 1910. 1. Schools shall be held at points designated by the Board of Trustees of the Ohio State University on the recommendation of the Faculty of the Agricultural College. 2. Satisfactory rooms for instruction and demonstration shall be provided and properly cared for and the expenses for rent, heat, light, and janitor service for them, and all other local expenses, including the board and lodging of all instructors and other persons assisting them shall be borne by the community in which the school is held. Members of Agricultural Extension School at Medina, Ohio. 3. Applications for schools shall be made on a blank form furnished by the College of Agriculture and shall be signed by not less than twenty-five persons who pledge their support and guarantee any deficiency that may arise in the local expenses of the school. 4. When applications are granted, a local organization shall be per¬ fected which, in co-operation with the Superintendent of Agricultural Extension, shall have charge of all local arrange¬ ments for holding the school. Applications Applications for schools shall be made on a blank form furnished by the Superintendent of Agricultural Extension and signed by not less 7 Agricultural Extension School Equipment being taken from the College of Agriculture. than twenty-five persons as provided in the rules above. The applica¬ tions for schools should be on file with the Superintendent of Agricul¬ tural Extension by July i, as the schedule of schools that will be held the following season is made as soon after that date as possible. Any applications that may be made after July i will be considered only after the disposal of those previously filed. Applicants are requested to give upon the application blank as definite information as possible in regard to the rooms that will be available for holding the school. Applications for demonstrations in the spraying and pruning of fruit trees, and the mixing of commercial fertilizers shall be signed by at least five persons. Blank applications for demonstrations may be secured upon request. A drawing to suggest seating for a room in wliieh animals are to be judged at an Extension School. 8 Local Organization The object of forming a local organization is that satisfactory rooms for instruction and demon¬ stration may be secured; that the school may be properly advertised; that the attendance of persons to be benefited may be solicited; that appropriate committees may be organized and that means may be devised for raising a fund to defra}" the local expenses. It is suggested that the following committees be appointed: (1) Finance and Focal Arrangement. (2) Membership and Advertising. (3) Demonstration Material. The Committee on Finance and Local Arrangement should secure rooms (one for the Agricultural School, one for the Home Makers' School, and such other rooms as may be necessary for demon¬ stration material, such as cereals and live stock) and should see that same are properly heated, seated and lighted; further, that tables, trestles, etc., are furnished and that the rooms are properly cared for by a janitor during the week of the school. The Committee on Membership and Advertising should look after printing and the securing of members for the school. It is sug¬ gested that this committee be made up of sub-committees appointed to represent the townships and villages within a radius of ten or fifteen miles of the place at which the .school is to be held, or the town¬ ships and villages of the entire count3^ If a Home Makers’ School is arranged for, a number of women should be appointed on these sub¬ committees. The committee on Membership and Advertising will be furni.shed with blank meniber- .ship cards and with material and suggestions for thoroughly adver- ti.sing the .school. The committee on Demonstration Material should secure live stock, samples of cereals and such other material as may be requested An Agricultural Extension School at a country church in Trumbull County. 9 for use in judging. They should also furnish other material necessary for demonstration purposes. If a Home Makers’ Course is to be given, at lea.st one woman should be on the Committee on Demonstra¬ tion Material. For the Home Makers’ School it will be necessary to furnish a cook stove (gasoline or gas, with oven), two kitchen tables, and a small quantity of groceries to be arranged for the first day of the school. The Board of Trustees of the Ohio State University recom¬ mends that each prospective member of the school pay to the treasurer of the local organization a membership fee of one dollar ($i.oo), the mone}^ thus raised to be used for defraying local expenses. No school will be held where fewer than fifty membership fees have been paid by bona-fide members; receipted membership cards must be filed with the College of Agriculture ten days before the opening of the school. It is suggested that after the local expenses of the school have been paid, the balance on hand be returned pro rata to those who have paid membership fees for the week. An Agricultural Extension School should not be conducted with a view to financing some other organiza¬ tion or meeting which follows it. No part of the fee suggested goes to pay for the services of any instructor; its only use should be to defray the local expenses of the school. EXPENSES The following items of local expense should be provided for: Hotel expenses for all instructors and assistants from the College of Agriculture for the week during which the Agricultural Extension School is held. Where an Agricultural School and a Home Makers’ vSchool are arranged for, there will usually be four men and two women. This department believes that it should expect the best accommoda¬ tions that the prospective financial conditions of the school will warrant. ' Assembly rooms for the Agricultural School and the Home Makers’ School, comfortable quarters in which live stock is to be judged, and heat, light, and janitor service for the same, must be furnished by applicants for the school. The College of Agriculture pays the railroad fare and the salary of instructors; these two items need not be considered by the local committee. Hack fare, livery, and baggage transfer from the railway station to the point where the school is held and return are items of local expense to be cared for by the school. lO SCHEDULE The morning sessions for men will be held from 8:30 to 11:30; the afternoon sessions from 12:30 to 3:30. Standard Time. The morning sessions for women will be held from 9:00 to 11:30: the afternoon sessions from 1:00 to 3:30. Standard Time. The sessions will begin and close PROMPTLY according to schedule unless there is some local reason for opening or closing earlier or later. INDEPENDENT FARMERS’ INSTITUTES Instructors for a limited number of farmers’ institutes may be secured from the College of Agriculture. Instructors will also be furnished for a women’s section or department at such meetings. The College will pay for the services and car fare of the instructors. Those served will be expected to pay local expenses. HOME MAKERS’ INSTITUTES The Agricultural Extension School season begins about the middle of November and closes about the middle of March. Before and after that season, Home Makers’ institutes of from one to four days may be arranged for. In these institutes many of the same sub¬ jects discussed in the regular Home Makers’ course in the Extension Schools will be taken up. Service of instructors and railroad expense will be borne by the College. Local expenses (Rent of room, stoves and tables, groceries, board and lodging of instructors) must be borne by the organization or persons served. OPEN GRANGE MEETINGS Before the Agricultural Extension Schools open in the fall and after they have closed in the spring some of the instructors from this College may be secured by grange organizations for the discussion of agricultural and domestic science topics in open meetings. These instructors will visit farms, dairies, orchards, etc., in the community in which the grange is located and will give advice and answer questions on drainage, fertilizers, cultivation, pruning and spraying, crop rota¬ tion, etc. The meetings must be open to the general public. The college will pay for the services and the railroad fare of the instructors; those served will be expected to take care of the local expenses. In- vStructors will be sent to as many of these open grange meeting*^ ns funds will permit. DEMONSTRATIONS A demonstration that very closely follows or that accompanies instruction oftentimes makes clear what w^onld otherwise require many pages of printed material or much time for oral explanation. The College of Agriculture is prepared to make demonstrations in the pruning and spraying of fruit trees, tree surgery, the packing of fruits, the grading of eggs, the making of butter in the home and the home mixing of commercial fertilizers. Seeing the spraying material pre¬ pared and observing how it is applied helps one to establish a confidence in himself. Knowing how to prune without practising tree-butchery enables the amateur fruit grower to assist the tree to produce its maximum crop. A demonstration in the mixing of fertilizers will be made at such times as instructors in this department are available. All mate¬ rial used for demonstration purposes must be supplied by those for whom the work is done. Application blanks for any of these demon¬ strations may be secured by writing the Superintendent of Agricul¬ tural Extension. Giving instruction and demonstration in the pruning of fruit trees. A spraying demonstration. Grading and i)acking of apples. 13 A demonstration in the home-mixing of fertilizers. AGRICULTURAL TRAINS The railroad companies, in response to requests from the grain dealers, millers, horticulturists, and dairymen have found it beneficial to carr}" instruction to patrons along their respective lines. This Col¬ lege is glad to co-operate with the railroad companies in giving instruc¬ tion adapted to the sections of the state through which the trains are run. AGRICULTURAL NEWS SERVICE As a further means of extending the teachings of the College of Agriculture, county newspapers are furnished with articles on agri¬ cultural subjects in plate form. This plate matter, consisting ^of twelve columns is issued once every three weeks and is distributed by the American Press Association and the Western Newspaper Union. A News Letter, giving items of news from the College and of the Extension activities over the state, is issued every two weeks during the collegiate year and sent to newspapers and farm journals. A monthly Informatioyi Letter is sent to bank cashiers, grain dealers, millers, and commercial clubs. This is issued for the pur¬ pose of giving, in a condensed form, information about the work of the College. Daily newspapers are supplied with timely agricultural articles put up in t3q:>ewritten form. H Eaves dropping. Welcome Hangers-on. Leaving an Agricultural train. 15 Waiting for the Agricultural train. Agricultural train speeding to an awaiting crowd. Ar.RK’I'LTLiRAL THAINS niiN rtv COLLEGE OFAGRlCn.Tl Tilt OHIO STATE UN1VERSIT>' n 9 OP ■''RAINS.... . 15 rOU'^'''i £3 REl^C*~rL> /f NOofcAVS .60 N90F5T0P6. . Ac'A miles tpavElEO. J073 attenDAnCC aSOO-f-' 16 ROOTT' FAIR EXHIBITS Aii}^ fair board or association may secure upon application an exhibit .made by the College of Agriculture to repre.sent each of its departments. This exhibit is composed of such apparatus and material as will serve two purposes: first, to impress le.ssons in farm and school improvement from contrast by maps, charts, pictures, etc.; second, to teach lessons in feeds and feeding, the bettering of tillage and cultivation methods, the improvement of desirable plants and the control of undesirable plants and insect pests. Loading the County Fair Exhibit at the College of Agriculture. BULLETINS During the past six years, one publication, the Agricultural College Extension Bulletin, has been prepared with much care for public school teachers and children of the upper elementary grades and the high school. This free publication will be continued during 1912-13. Aii}^ person interested in agricultural education may have his name placed on the mailing list. An effort has been to have every member of the township and village boards of education receive this publica¬ tion. The February number is devoted to some public school subject or some phase of the improvement of rural life. Two additional bulletins are being published to meet the de¬ mand for agricultural reading courses. One of these is known as the Farmer’s Reading Course Bulletin and the other as the Home Makers’ Reading Course Bulletin. These reading course bulletins will be sent to those who make application for them annually. The College of Agriculture offers to answer questions concerning or to discuss fur¬ ther subjects requiring a more lengthy discussion than the space in the bulletins will allow. 17 IDENTIFICATIONS Named specimens being returned. Some of the most common in¬ sects and plants referred to in bulletins or other publications are frequently passed in the field or by the roadside without recognition. The Department of Agricultural Extension is glad to name such specimens as may be sent to its offices. Whenever it is possible, some habit or characteristic of the specimen will be given. Specimens will not be returned unless such a request is made. AGRICULTURE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS This college will continue to give scientific instruction in agriculture whenever requested by teachers, boards of education, or school super¬ intendents. The s e r V i c e s of in- A lesson in sewing in a township high school. i8 < o ijj:oe or A< iKI < i ’ i / ri ’re 6)l| i 11€!« ilHTStt II THIS; riiKTJWrATK! t!S iS3ue:o AS cvioewcE- tha-t //^/^) /^/ /^y/ /^)/ //f^Y ///<^4/////r//// /// . .///i, /-/// <" '>A ,■/,;// ■// A certificate of which any boy or girl will he proud. structors from the College may be secured by request for a discussion of agricultural subjects at farmers’ and teachers’ institutes, granges, clubs and other organizations. AGRICULTURAL AND HOME ECONOMIC EXHIBITS The College of Agriculture will grant certificates to boys and girls exhibiting products produced entirely by themselves, provided judgment is rendered by a representative of the College of Agriculture. Further information regarding this work may be obtained by writing the Superintendent of Agricultural Extension. VISITS TO FARMS During the time when no Agricultural Extension Schools are being conducted or demonstrations being made, arrangements may be made with the different instructors in this department to visit farms, dairies, orchards, and gardens for the purpose of giving individual instruction in up-to-date agricultural practi.ses. This department does not offer the services of its instructors to pass judgment upon commercial propositions. 19 The Department of Agricultural Extension is organized to give instruction and no pains will be spared to arouse a greater degree of interest in the improvement of every form of life in the country, whether it be industrial or social. Tlie daily routine of the Aj^ricultural Extension office at the College of Agriculture. 20