LIB R.AHY 
 OF THE 
 
 U N I VLR.S ITY 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 
 385!0942 
 
 C&si 
 
 1838 
 

 
 
 
 
I'll V, 
 
 WATFORD 
 
 •STATION 
 
 Bushev <rvove 
 
 bJlxtr<r 
 
 Bey/tie i jfhtir i' 
 
 t LuTon 
 
 Jmu 
 
 Benton 
 
 ''f'Boisdon 
 
 Hbnwev, 
 
 
 
 BaiLBoads 
 
 Canals. 
 
 Turnpike Bonis 
 irossBoads 
 
 County Hound™■ 
 
THE 
 
 IRON ROAD BOOK 
 
 AND 
 
 <smasmsra<i>sf 
 
 FROM 
 
 LONDON 
 
 TO 
 
 BIRMINGHAM, MANCHESTER, 
 
 AND 
 
 LIVERPOOL, 
 
 CONTAINING AN 
 
 Account of the Towns , Villages , Mansions, fyc. 
 
 ON EACH SIDE OF THE LINE ; 
 
 Times of Arrival and departure of the Trains 
 
 AT THE SEVERAL STATIONS, 
 
 Coaches and Omnibuses to the Towns in the Vicinity, 
 
 WITH 
 
 TABLES OF DISTANCES AND FARES FROM STATION TO STATION 
 
 &C. &C. 
 
 JUustratetr toitfj JRaps ot tf)e entire Htne. 
 
 v 
 
 Bv FRANCIS COGHLAN, 
 
 : Author of Guides to * Paris,’ ‘St. Petersburgh, * The Rhine,’ * Belgium, 
 
 ‘ Switzerland,’ * London,’ &c. 
 
 HonDon: 
 
 A H. BAILY & Co., 83, Cornhill. 
 1838. 
 
cur i* 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 LONDON £LN& BZIUVIZNGHAIVZ 
 RAILWAY. 
 
 J . 
 
 The Act of Parliament for forming this great 
 undertaking was obtained in May 1833, and the 
 works were commenced in June 1834. 
 
 1 
 
 In July 1837, 24£ miles of the line, adjoining 
 London, were opened to the public. Seventy-seven 
 miles are now opened (viz. forty-eight from the 
 London end, and twenty-nine from the Birmingham 
 end) and in the ensuing autumn the whole of the line 
 ; will be completed. 
 
 Embankments, &c. 
 
 v A level line for the Railway was obtained by cutting 
 through the hills, and using the earth therefrom to 
 form embankments. The country throughout is of 
 ^ an undulating character, so that there is scarcely a 
 * s mile throughout the whole length in which cuttings or 
 embankments were not necessary. 
 
4 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The width of the embankments on the top, ‘and of 
 the excavations at the bottom, is 33 feet. 
 
 The greatest height of an embankment is 45, and 
 the greatest depth of an excavation is 65 feet. 
 
 The greatest slope of the sides of the excavations 
 is 3 in inclination to l in height, the least § to 1. 
 The greatest slope of the sides of the embankments 
 is 3 to 1, the least 2 to 1. 
 
 The slopes of the excavations and embankments 
 are all neatly trimmed down. Some are covered 
 with the turf originally taken from the surface ; others 
 are sown with grass seeds ; and many of the embank¬ 
 ments near Coventry are planted with young trees. 
 
 The number of cubic yards of earth moved in 
 forming the line will be, when completed, upwards of 
 16,000,000; nine-tenths of which will be used in 
 forming the embankments, the remainder being 
 formed into spoil banks or spread on the adjoining 
 lands. 
 
 The number of embankments is 130, and of cut¬ 
 tings the same. The greatest length of any one 
 embankment is 1§ mile, and of a cutting 2^ miles. 
 
 At the bottom of each embankment, and at the top 
 of each excavation, there is a space of 10 feet on each 
 side, to allow of a hedge, a post and rail, and a ditch. 
 
 Bridges. 
 
 The span of the bridges where the turnpike and 
 other roads pass under, and the width between the 
 parapets where they pass over, is in no case less than 
 15 feet; and from the road to the soffit of the arch* 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 5 
 
 the height is not less than 16 feet. The inclination 
 of the roads, where altered, is never more than 1 in 
 30 for turnpike roads, and never more than 1 in 13 
 for other roads. 
 
 The span of the bridges, where the Railway passes 
 under, is 30 feet, and the height not less than 16 feet. 
 
 Gates. 
 
 In some few cases the Railway crosses roads of 
 small traffic on a level. Wherever this occurs, gates 
 are erected and persons stationed; the gates being 
 so contrived as to close either across the railway or 
 across the road. Immediately that a train of railway 
 carriages is in sight, the gates are closed across the 
 road; and as soon as the train is passed, the gates 
 are shut across the railway, and the communication 
 by the road again opened. To give notice to the 
 gatekeeper, in the event of his not being on the alert, 
 the engine-man turns the waste steam of the locomo¬ 
 tive into a pipe contrivetd for the purpose, this causes 
 a shrill whistle, which may be heard at a great 
 distance. 
 
 No turnpike-roads are passed on a level. 
 
 Tunnels. 
 
 Where the height of the ground is very consi¬ 
 derable tunnels are driven: of which there will be 
 seven, of the lengths of 1,105, 313, 1,786, 352, 272, 
 418, and 2,398 yards, together about 3f miles. 
 
 The greatest width of the tunnels within the walls 
 is 24 feet; the greatest height above the rails 22 feet. 
 
 a 3 
 
6 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In the short tunnels, the shafts used for working" 
 (and which are 8 feet diameter in the clear) are fully 
 sufficient for ventilation. In the tunnel nearWatford, 
 there is, besides these working shafts, which are four 
 in number, a shaft expressly made for ventilation, the 
 superficial area of which is 750 feet. In the tunnel 
 of 2,398 yards there will be two ventilating shafts of 
 this description. 
 
 The air that would become contaminated in a 
 tunnel by a locomotive engine with its train passing 
 through it, - supposing there were no ventilating 
 shaft whatever, is ^-|^th part of the whole. The air 
 of a crowded church or theatre is a thousand times 
 more injurious ; if, indeed, such a term can at all be 
 applied to a railway tunnel. 
 
 In the tunnels now opened, not the slightest incon¬ 
 venience is experienced in passing through, either 
 from insufficient ventilation, or from any other cause. 
 I can vouch for this fact, having been in the tunnels 
 when a train has passed through. 
 
 Inclinations. 
 
 Between the extremities of the line are five ridges, 
 separated by six valleys, varying in depth : it be¬ 
 came consequently necessary that the line should 
 rise and fall. But in no case does any inclination ex¬ 
 ceed l in 304, or 16 feet in a mile, if we except a 
 portion of the first mile from London, between 
 Euston Grove and Camden Stations, for the working 
 of which a stationary engine is employed. The 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ropes to draw up the carriages on this part of the 
 line are 4,000 yards in length, 7 inches in circum¬ 
 ference, and the weight of each is about 12 tons. 
 
 Omitting this part of the line, and taking the part 
 worked by locomotives, 13 miles are level, 51 § are at 
 inclinations varying from 1 foot to 14 feet, and 46J 
 at inclinations between 14 and 16 feet. 
 
 The following are the levels of the different parts 
 of the line above the level of the sea:— 
 
 Distance from Station Level above 
 
 at Euston-grove. the sea. 
 
 Miles. Feet 
 
 li Passengers and goods station, Camden-town • • • • 120 
 
 3| Brent Valley.112 
 
 141 Oxhey Ridge (near Watford).240 
 
 161 Colne Valley .229 
 
 311 Tring Ridge.420 
 
 541 Ouse Valley.259 
 
 G0J Blisworth Ridge (near Northampton).358 
 
 65J Nen Valley.319 
 
 77i Kilsby Ridge (near Daventry).395 
 
 911 Avon Valley . 263 
 
 981 Reaves Green Ridge (near Coventry) .377 
 
 102J Blythe Valley - -. 320 
 
 112J Birmingham Station (Nova Scotia Gardens).... 368 
 
 The Birmingham station is thus 248 feet higher 
 than that at Camden Town ; and the difference of 
 level between the Brent valley and the Tring ridge 
 is 308 feet (in a length of 28 miles.) 
 
 From the Camden depbt to Birmingham, 54f 
 miles are ascending, 43| descending, and 13 level. 
 
 The number of times the gradients change between 
 one end of the line and the other is 44. 
 
8 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The greatest continued length of level line is 3£ 
 miles. The greatest length of any gradient is 7^ 
 miles. The greatest continued length of inclination, 
 in one direction (that inclination varying from one 
 gradient to another) is 14£ miles. 
 
 The curves along the line are numerous; but there 
 are none of less than a mile radius, excepting close to 
 the station at Euston Square and Camden Town, 
 
 ELails. 
 
 The total length of the line is 112£ miles. The 
 part between Euston Grove and Camden stations is 
 laid with four double lines of rails ; the remainder 
 with two double lines. The sidings, or passing- 
 places, with the stations, &c., make an addition of 
 doth to the quantity of the rails, so that there will be 
 about 125 miles of double line of railway. 
 
 The width of each double line of way is five feet. 
 The space in the centre, between the lines, is six feet. 
 * The rails used on the line are all of malleable 
 iron. Those originally laid upon, the Liverpool and 
 Manchester line were of the weight of 35 lbs. to the 
 yard; but they have been found insufficient for the 
 immense traffic, and they have accordingly been in¬ 
 creased. On the London and Birmingham line 10 
 miles are laid with rails of unequal depth, termed 
 fishbellied, 501bs. to the yard; 25 miles with parallel 
 rails, 651bs to the yard ; and the remainder with pa¬ 
 rallel rails, 751bs. to the yard. 
 
 The rails are supported by cast-iron chairs, or 
 
I NT 110 DUCT I OK. 
 
 9 
 
 pedestals (of an average weight of about 25lbs.) fixed 
 to stone blocks or wood sleepers; a piece of felt 
 being placed between each chair and block. The 
 chairs under the 501bs. rails are 3 feet from centre 
 to centre, under the 651bs. rails 4 feet, and under the 
 7olbs. rails they were intended to have been 5 feet; 
 but, this latter bearing having been considered too 
 great, has been altered to 3 feet 9 inches in the cut¬ 
 tings and small embankments, and to 2 feet 6 inches 
 on the higher embankments. 
 
 The rails are raised above the ground rather more 
 than an inch; they are wedged to the chairs with oak 
 keys. 
 
 Sleepers. 
 
 The stone blocks under the chairs are 2 feet 
 square and 1 foot deep, excepting those under the 
 joints of the 7 51bs. rails, which are 1 foot 3 inches deep. 
 They are laid in a direction diagonally to the rails. 
 The descriptions of stone are various,— viz. Granite, 
 Limestone, Portland, Bramley Fall, and Whitb} r . 
 
 The sleepers are mostly of larch and oak, some few 
 are of beech ; all 9 feet long, 9 inches wide, and 5 
 inches deep. 
 
 The blocks are used in the excavations and on the 
 smaller embankments; the sleepers on the large em¬ 
 bankments. 
 
 The chairs are attached to the blocks by drilling 
 two holes in each block, into which oak trenails, or 
 plugs, are driven, and a spike inserted through them 
 
10 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and the chairs. The chairs are attached to the sleep¬ 
 ers by a couple of pins, or spikes. 
 
 The trenails are 6 inches long, with a hole bored 
 through for the spike. 
 
 The ballasting of the line is about 2 feet in thick¬ 
 ness, being 10 inches under the bottom of the blocks, 
 and 18 inches under the sleepers. Open brick drains, 
 to take off the soakage, are laid along the centre of 
 the ballasting, and each side in the excavations. 
 
 Where the common roads pass the railway on a 
 level, the part of the road between and on each side 
 of the rails is paved with granite carriage-way 
 paving. 
 
 The number of men originally employed daily on 
 the line in the actual works of the contract, since the 
 works have been in full operation, is 12,000. This 
 is exclusive of brickmakers, employed by the con¬ 
 tractors, the number of whom on the line during the 
 season (from April to September) is from 700 to 800. 
 
 Engines. 
 
 The locomotive power employed in transporting 
 passengers and goods on a railway is simply that of 
 the high-pressure steam-engine, adapted to a car¬ 
 riage, and accompanied by a tender to supply it with 
 fuel. The carriages containing goods and passengers 
 are connected in a train behind. 
 
 The engines used at the present day weigh about 
 10 tons ; the tender, with its water and fuel, weighs 
 about tons. The cost of an engine and tender is 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 11 
 
 about <£1,200; ancl the annual cost of repairs to an 
 engine in constant use may be estimated at ,£800. 
 The consumption of coke is about GOOlbs. per hour. 
 
 An engine of the above description will transport 
 from 100 to 240 tons on a level line, at a rate of from 
 10 to 12 miles an hour, with a working steam pres¬ 
 sure of 501bs. to the square inch. Each boiler has 
 two safety valves, one of which is placed wholly out 
 of the power of the engine-man to tamper with. In 
 some of the boilers there is also a hole bored at a 
 level below that at which the water ought to stand, 
 into which a plug is soldered with lead. If, therefore, 
 by any means the water should fall below that level, 
 the solder becomes melted, and the plug falling out, 
 affords a vent for the steam, and thus renders it 
 wholly impossible for the boiler to burst. 
 
 It is to be borne in mind that the great superiority 
 of a railway with locomotive engines over a common 
 road, becomes materially diminished, if the road is 
 not an exact level. At great inclinations the power 
 is entirely lost. With an incline of 1 in 200 it is 
 less than one-half; at 1 in 50 an engine will but just 
 draw itself, and at 1 in 12 it will not ascend at all ; 
 the force exerted causing the wheels to turn round on 
 the same spot, instead of advancing. 
 
 It is also of great importance to avoid abrupt 
 curves or sudden turnings. The character of the 
 country through which a railway passes, or the 
 avoidance of particular estates, render curves 
 oftentimes compulsory, but they are not of a less 
 
12 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 radius than a mile, unless near a stopping-place. 
 Means have been provided to assist in a slight 
 measure the engines going up an inclination by 
 making use of a little additional pressure of the 
 steam, by partially stopping at the time the flow of 
 water to the boiler. But even this will not compen¬ 
 sate for an incline, however trivial. Tn the part of 
 the London and Birmingham line now open, in which 
 the line chiefly rises from London, although the rise 
 in no part exceeds 1 in 304, still there is generally a 
 difference in the time of travelling to and from 
 London. The speed, however, in both directions, 
 will be greater when the whole of the line is opened ; 
 —a consummation devoutly to be wished. 
 
 Advantages. 
 
 The dangers of travelling upon ordinary roads are 
 considerably greater than by railways. This will be 
 obvious, when we reflect that upon the inside of the 
 wheels of railway carriages there is a flange, or 
 guide, which effectually prevents them, by any means, 
 getting off the rail. On a common road, on the con¬ 
 trary, the carriage has no hold whatever of the 
 ground beyond that which gravity gives it, and is 
 liable to be deranged from many causes. 
 
 The importance and benefit of railway commu¬ 
 nication, not only to London, but to the most distant 
 parts of the kingdom, must be so evident, that any 
 attempt on my part to point out either the one or the 
 other, would, no doubt, be considered superfluous. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 13 
 
 but T cannot help expressing my ardent hope, that 
 u poor ould Ireland?' the land of my birth, will 
 derive some advantage from the facility of com¬ 
 munication between the two capitals. In twenty- 
 four hours, by the art of man, we are enabled to 
 reach Dublin from London, by a transit so easy, 
 and at so moderate an expense, that surely the friends 
 of the country will visit it—to see, to admire, and 
 to suggest plans for its improvement. Let its enemies 
 visit it, and their prejudices must be removed ; 
 they yet know it not. Who that has ever visited that 
 fine, but ill-used country, has not returned convinced 
 of its inexhaustible resources, though doomed by a 
 combination of events to be the most degraded and 
 impoverished country in Europe? What impartial 
 observer but would bear testimony to the bravery, 
 talent, and the hospitality of its sons? “ Alas, my 
 poor country! Would that I could do more!” 
 
 Constables 
 
 Are placed at distances from one mile to one mile 
 and a half along the entire line. Each man is furnished 
 with two flags, red and white, during the day, and a 
 lamp at night—which is made to show either a white, 
 green, or red light. The first announces to the engi¬ 
 neer of the approaching train that there is no impedi¬ 
 ment ; the green colour directs him to slacken the 
 speed of the train, and the red to stop it as soon as 
 possible. The flags are used for a similar purpose, 
 except that upon seeing the red flag, the engineers 
 
 B 
 
14 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 lessen the speed, which renders a green flag unneces¬ 
 sary. The inspector at each station has a portion 
 of these men under his orders ; they are on duty— 
 that is, walking backwards and forwards on their 
 beat—from half an hour before the passing of the 
 first train in the morning till after the passing of the 
 last train at night. I can vouch to their promptitude 
 from personal knowledge, having spoken with every 
 man from London to Birmingham, when I sur¬ 
 veyed the line, for the purpose of giving the public 
 a correct description of every part from my own 
 observation; and I am convinced that, were the 
 Directors themselves placed on the line, they could 
 not display greater anxiety than these men do for 
 the protection and safety of those travelling on the 
 railway. Each man, besides being in the employ 
 of the Company, is sworn as a county constable \ 
 they receive the same pay, and wear a dress similar 
 to that of the metropolitan police, except in colour,, 
 which is green. Watch-boxes are placed at certain 
 distances on the line, to protect the men from bad 
 weather. 
 
 Receipt Tickets. 
 
 On paying your fare at either of the Booking offices 
 in London or at the stations, tickets are given, 
 coloured according to the class carriage you are going 
 in. In London they give pink for the first class, 
 white for the second : along the line, and at Birming¬ 
 ham, the colours are—first class, yellow, second. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 15 
 
 blue. These tickets are taken from passengers at the 
 end of their journey, but must be shown at Denbigh 
 Hall and Rugby. When you arrive at the former 
 place, on your way to Birmingham, and leave the 
 trains, show your ticket, presenting it open ; and, 
 according to the colour, a card will be given, marked 
 C. or B. (coach or omnibus), and numbered; this enti¬ 
 tles the holder to a seat in one of the conveyances, 
 which are also numbered. When the passengers have 
 taken their seats, a person collects the cards, a bell 
 rings, and away they go,-like so many stage-coaches 
 starting for the St. Leger. At the period I visited 
 this now celebrated spot (April 24th), nine convey¬ 
 ances started, each taking fifteen persons, making 
 one hundred and thirty-five; but as the season ad¬ 
 vances, the Company will no doubt be obliged to 
 increase the number of coaches. 
 
 The contractors, Messrs. Chaplin and Horne, with 
 a view to prevent any inconvenience or delay to pas¬ 
 sengers, either at Denbigh Hall or Rugby, have placed 
 a responsible person at each station, whose business 
 is to superintend the transfer of travellers, and by 
 whose indefatigable exertions much confusion is 
 avoided. Complaints (should any just cause arise) 
 ought to be made to Mr. Franklin, at Denbigh Hall, 
 and Mr. Bretherton, at Rugby. 
 
 Much anxiety is frequently evinced on the part of 
 travellers respecting their trunks, carpet-bags, hat- 
 
16 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 cases, &c. Indeed, as there are generally between one 
 and two hundred passengers by the same train, there 
 must be a great quantity of luggage, and being un¬ 
 acquainted with the arrangements of the Company 
 for the speedy and safe conveyance of it between 
 Denbigh Hall and Rugby, the passengers are fre¬ 
 quently heard exclaiming, “ Where’s my trunk ?” 
 “ Where’s my portmanteau, marked L.L.D., A.S.S.P” 
 “ Pray, Mister Porter, have you seen my bonnet-box P1 
 am sure my best Tuscan will be squeezed to atoms! ” 
 —“ Oh dear ! such quick travelling, that one flies away 
 from one’s things !” The fact is, that to prevent the 
 unnecessary delay of unloading at Denbigh Hall, and 
 re-loading at Rugby, a road van is filled with the 
 luggage destined for Birmingham at the Euston- 
 square station. On the arrival of the train at Denbigh 
 Hall, this van is taken off the train, four horses are 
 put-to, and it is immediately forwarded to Rugby, 
 where it is again attached to the train. In this man¬ 
 ner the invisible luggage reaches its destination, with¬ 
 out being disturbed, from London to Birmingham. 
 The luggage of those who stop at any of the interme¬ 
 diate places are placed on the roofs of the carriages, 
 and there are lockers under the seats, into which 
 carpet bags, hat-cases, or small parcels, can be con¬ 
 veniently put. It would save some trouble and 
 anxiety to travellers were they to see their small par¬ 
 cels put under the seat of the carriage in which they 
 place themselves, and the larger description placed 
 upon the roof of the same conveyance, between 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 17 
 
 Denbigh Hall and Rugby. Always have your name 
 and destination affixed to each piece of luggage ; by this 
 means, in case of its being mislaid, it would be for¬ 
 warded to the nearest station, where it can be re¬ 
 claimed. There is, I think, even now, scarcely a 
 possibility of luggage being lost—much less when 
 the whole line is open. 
 
 I could not help noticing the awkwardness of 
 many of the green porters—particularly at Rugby. 
 
 Choice of Carriages and Seats. 
 
 It was the original intention of the Company, by 
 numbering the seats of the carriages, to give the 
 passengers tickets accordingly; and I believe the 
 plan was acted upon for a short time, but found 
 to cause much confusion, and was therefore aban¬ 
 doned. Indeed, alloting particular seats to the con¬ 
 course of persons travelling by the railway would be 
 almost impossible. The method of numbering the 
 seats in public conveyances is almost universally 
 practised on the Continent, with great facility and 
 benefit to the passengers ; and if adopted in our 
 mails and stage-coaches, would be the cause of pre¬ 
 venting the disagreeable squabbles for places which 
 so often occur. 
 
 In the mails and first-class carriages, where all the 
 seats are alike comfortably fitted up, I should imagine 
 that preference cannot possibly exist. Ladies have 
 not even the old fashioned excuse of, “ Can’t sit 
 with my back to the horses f for should there be 
 
18 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 any horses attached to the train, they will be found 
 where my countryman found his coat-tails— behind. 
 The stage-coach passengers’ rule is now applicable to 
 railway coaches , and the first comer has the choice of 
 seats, which, like the choice of seats at a rubber of 
 whist, is all fancy. In the second-class carriages, 
 or rather waggons, there is certainly a preference to 
 be observed. In the first place, get as far from the 
 engine as possible—for three reasons:— First, should 
 an explosion take place, you may happily get off with 
 the loss of an arm or a leg—whereas if you should 
 happen to be placed near the said piece of hot ma¬ 
 chinery, and an unfortunate accident really occur, 
 you would very probably be “ smashed to smithereens ,” 
 as Brother Jonathan most expressively terms the 
 likely result of such an occurrence. Secondly —the 
 vibration is very much diminished the further you are 
 away from the engine. Thirdly —always sit (if you 
 can get a seat) with your back towards the engine, 
 against the boarded part of the waggon ; by this plan 
 you will avoid being chilled by a cold current of air 
 which passes through these open waggons, and also 
 save you from being nearly blinded by the small 
 cinders which escape through the funnel. A screen 
 of fine gauze fastened at the top of the funnel would 
 prevent this, and in no way interfere with the smoke. 
 
 Stations. 
 
 The principal stations at present arc—at Wat¬ 
 ford, Thing, Denbigh Hall, Rugby, and Coven- 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 19 
 
 try. At each of these places, two clerks, a police 
 inspector, and several policemen and porters, are in 
 attendance. At the secondary stations, which are 
 the Harrow , Boxmoor , Ber/champsteel, and Leighton 
 Buzzard , there is but one clerk, an inspector, and 
 a less number of policemen and porters. At all the 
 stations accommodation has been provided for the 
 passengers, both on arrival and departure. Denbigh 
 Hall will be but a secondary station when the line is 
 open to Wolverton ; this will account for the want of 
 those substantial buildings which are found at Rugby 
 and the other principal stations. 
 
 Under the head of the respective stations will bo 
 found the exact time when the trains arrive, both up 
 and down: but I would recommend every person to 
 be there at least a quarter of an hour before the time 
 specified. 
 
 Regulations. 
 
 Time of Departure. —The doors of the booking- 
 office will be closed precisely at the time appointed 
 for starting; after which no passenger can be ad¬ 
 mitted. 
 
 Luggage. —Each passenger’s luggage will be placed 
 on the roof of the coach in which he has taken his 
 place ; carpet bags and small luggage may be placed 
 underneath the seat opposite to that which the owner 
 occupies. No charge for bona fide luggage belonging 
 to the passenger under lOOlbs. weight; above that 
 weight a charge will be made at the rate of Id. per 
 
20 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 pound for the whole distance. The attention of tra« 
 vellers is requested to the legal notice exhibited at the 
 different stations, respecting the limitation of the 
 Company’s liabilities to the loss or damage of lug* 
 gage. 
 
 Gentlemen’’s Carriages and Horses. —Gentlemen’s 
 carriages and horses must be at the stations at least a 
 quarter of an hour before the time of departure. A 
 supply of trucks will be kept at all the principal 
 stations on the line ; but to prevent disappointment, it 
 is recommended that previous notice should be given, 
 when practicable, at the station where they may be 
 required. No charge for landing or embarking car¬ 
 riages or horses on any part of the line. 
 
 Road Stations. —Passengers intending to join the 
 trains at any of the stopping places are desired to be 
 in good time, as the train will leave each station as 
 soon as ready, without reference to the time stated 
 in the printed tables, the main object being to perform 
 the whole journey as expeditiously as possible. Pas¬ 
 sengers will be booked only conditionally upon there 
 being room on the arrival of the trains, and they will 
 have the preference of seats in the order in which 
 they are booked. No persons are booked after the 
 arrival of the train. All persons are requested to get 
 into and alight from the coaches invariably as di¬ 
 rected by the conductor, as the only certain means 
 of preventing accidents. 
 
 Conductors , Guards , and Porters. —Every train is 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 21 
 
 provided with guards and a conductor, who is respon¬ 
 sible for the order and regularity of the journey. The 
 Company's porters will load and unload the luggage, 
 and put it into or upon any omnibus or other carriage 
 at any of the stations. No fees or gratuities allowed 
 to conductors, guards, porters, or other persons in 
 the service of the Company. 
 
 Smoking, Selling of Liquors , 8>c .—No smoking 
 will he allowed in the station-houses, or in any of 
 the coaches, even with the consent of the passengers. 
 No person will be allowed to sell liquors or eatables 
 of any kind upon the line.-^—The Company earnestly 
 hope that the public will co-operate with them in 
 enforcing this regulation, as it will be the means of 
 removing a cause of delay, and will greatly diminish 
 the chance of accident. 
 
 Parcels .—The charge for parcels, including book¬ 
 ing and delivery, are as follows : 
 
 per lb. 
 
 Under 50 miles, under 281bs. Is. 2 d. above, 0 \d. 
 
 Above 50 miles, under 201bs. Is. 8c/. above, Id. 
 
NOTICE. 
 
 * 
 
 The author of the Iron Road Book having walked 
 the entire line of Railroad now open, between Lon¬ 
 don and Birmingham, at great personal fatigue (as by 
 no other means could a correct description of the line 
 be given), considers it necessary to state that a great 
 number of the places described cannot be seen from 
 the line; the barrenness of the immediate neighbour¬ 
 hood of the railway has, however, been supplied by 
 giving descriptions of the most interesting towns and 
 villages on either side, although not distinguishable 
 from the carriages. In other respects, the correct¬ 
 ness of the work may be depended upon, as far as 
 time, expense, and fatiguing exertions could make it. 
 
 London, May 16th 1838. 
 
THE 
 
 RAILWAY COMPANION. 
 
 Omnibuses leave the booking-offices with passen¬ 
 gers and their luggage, for the station at Euston Square, 
 three-quarters of an hour before the starting of each 
 train. For this conveyance a charge of sixpence is 
 made. By a wise regulation of the Railway Companies, 
 that annoying practice of hat touching , first from the 
 porter, then from the coachman, then from the guard, 
 and then from the guard’s cad, is entirely abolished. 
 The public will feel the benefit of this reform-more 
 than all the cheese-parings of either Whig or Tory I 
 I believe the spirited coach proprietors, Messrs. 
 Chaplin and Horne, have abolished all fees to their 
 servants working the branch coaches connected with 
 the Railway. Lubin Log was quite out when he said, 
 giving to coachmen and guards was “ quite hoptionalf 
 —at least, I never found it so. 
 
 The attention of travellers is directed to an article 
 under the head “ fVaiters and Chambermaids ,” at the 
 end of the description of Birmingham , 
 
24 
 
 Routes of Omnibuses, ( 
 
 To and from the Euston Square Station. 
 
 SpreadEagle, Gracechurch-street ,passingthrough 
 Cheapside, Newgate-street, calling at the George 
 and Blue Boar, Holborn , Red Lion-street, Lamb’s 
 Conduit-street, Brunswick-square, Hunter-street, 
 Judd-street, and New-road, to the station. 
 
 Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane , and Cross 
 Keys, Wood-street , Cheapside; along St. Martin’s- 
 le-grand, Aldersgate-street, Goswell-street-road, to 
 the Angel, Islington, and New-road to the station. 
 
 Golden Cross, Charing-cross , and Regent-circus , 
 Piccadilly , by John-street, Portland-road, and New- 
 road, to the station. Passengers will be called for, 
 if residing in the line from the office to the station. 
 
 Places and parcels are booked to Birmingham at 
 the above offices. 
 
 An office at Euston Station is appropriated to 
 Messrs. Chaplin and Horne, for the purpose of trans¬ 
 acting their business generally, in connexion with the 
 Company, and for booking passengers to the follow¬ 
 ing places : 
 
 For Oxford— via Tring, at one and five p.m. 
 
 Tamworth, Atherton, Hinckley, Lutterworth, 
 Worcester, Lincoln, Stamford, Kettering— via Den¬ 
 bigh Hall, half-past seven a.m. 
 
 Derby, Nottingham, Leicester— via Denbigh Hall, 
 nine and half-past eight. 
 
 Northampton— via, Denbigh Hall, half-past seven, 
 nine, one, and half-past eight.. 
 
FARES FROM LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM. 25 
 
 Banbury, Buckingham, Brackley—- via Denbigh 
 Hall, one p.m. 
 
 Messrs. Chaplin and Horne have entered into a 
 contract to convey all passengers and parcels from 
 Denbigh Hall, the terminus on the London side, to 
 Rugby, the terminus on the Birmingham side. Their 
 arrangements are so complete, that no apprehension 
 need be felt by travellers, as to proceeding at once 
 to Rugby, on the arrival of the trains. 
 
 The Railway Companies engage to perform the 
 entire journey from London to Liverpool, a distance 
 of 212 miles—that is, 114| from London to Birming¬ 
 ham,* and 971 from Birmingham to Liverpool—in 
 fourteen hours, allowing ample time for refreshment. 
 
 Fares from London to Birmingham. 
 
 First-class coach • • • ... 10 0 
 
 Second-class coach. 1 0 0 
 
 Children under ten years of age half price. 
 Gentlemen’s carriage, four wheels •• 2 10 0 
 
 Ditto, two wheels . 1 17 0 
 
 One horse . 1 13 0 
 
 Two horses . 2 13 0 
 
 Three horses. 3 7 0 
 
 Dogs . 0 10 0 
 
 Passengers, if belonging to and riding in gentlemen’s carriage, servants 
 and grooms in charge of horses, pay the full fare to Birmingham. 
 
 The first-class coaches carry six inside, each seat 
 being numbered, and divided by arms; and the mails 
 four inside, one compartment of which is convertible 
 
 * The distance will be something less when the entire line is opened. 
 
 c 
 
26 
 
 TIMES OF DEPARTURE. 
 
 into a bed-carriage, if required. The second-class 
 waggons have a roof only, have no lining, no cushions, 
 no divisions of the compartments, no windows. The 
 first-class carriages have seats on the roof for the ac¬ 
 commodation of those who prefer riding outside. 
 
 Times of Departure. 
 
 The trains leave the Euston Square station as 
 follows : 
 
 First train, to Birmingham 
 
 Week days. 
 
 Sundays. 
 H a.m. 
 
 Second. 
 
 
 . 9h 
 
 — 
 
 ♦Third. 
 
 • Denbigh Hall 
 
 . 11 
 
 91 
 
 Fourth. 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 
 — 
 
 ♦Fifth . 
 
 Denbigh Hall 
 
 . 3 
 
 — 
 
 ♦Sixth . 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 5 P.M. 
 
 Seventh • • •• 
 
 Do. 
 
 (mail) .. — 
 
 CO 
 
 The Mail Trains do not stop at any Station between London and 
 Denbigh Hall. The Trains marked (*) stop for passengers at all the 
 Stations. The remaining Trains stop only at Watford, Tring, Leigh¬ 
 ton, Denbigh Hall, Rugby, and Coventry. 
 
 On driving into the yard on the left of the grand 
 entrance, you are set down under a portico, from 
 which admission is obtained to the pay departments, 
 by separate doors, which are distinguished by having 
 the name of the class painted on large lamps above 
 the doors; thus rendering them serviceable both at 
 night and day. These doors are opened one hour 
 before the starting of each train. Those persons 
 who have booked their places at either of the offices 
 mentioned elsewhere, merely show their ticket, and 
 pass on either into the waiting-room or take their 
 place in one of the carriages or waggons ; those who 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 27 
 
 are not booked elsewhere, pay their fare to the clerk, 
 who gives a receipt ticket. On entering the interior of 
 the station, strangers cannot but be struck with the 
 novelty of the scene. The train destined for departure 
 is drawn up alongside a raised stone platform, pro¬ 
 tected from the weather by a light handsome shed, 
 supported by cast-iron pillars. To the carriages are 
 affixed boards, with the names of the various towns 
 to which passengers can proceed by coach from the 
 railway stations—such as Oxford, Northampton, Ban¬ 
 bury, &c. All the passengershaving taken their seats, 
 —on the striking of the clock, the office doors are 
 shut, and the porters and police push the train about 
 the distance of two hundred yards. 
 
 B.oute. 
 
 The large building on the right is the coach-house, 
 capable of holding upwards of two hundred carriages; 
 here are manufactured all the second-class carriages, 
 and the waggons for luggage, horses, and sheep. 
 The best carriages are made by various coachmakers 
 in London and elsewhere. A little below this building 
 the train is attached to a thick rope, worked by a 
 steam engine, the Act of Parliament prohibiting the 
 approach of the locomotive engines nearer than Cam¬ 
 den Town, a distance of one mile and a quarter ; this 
 rope being endless, acts upon two large wheels, one 
 at the engine, the other beneath the spot where it is 
 attached to the train. On a signal being given by a 
 man stationed for the purpose, this is set in motion, 
 
28 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 —and acting in the same manner that a line revolves 
 round the wheel of a common lathe, draws the train 
 up to the engine in the space of three minutes. Here 
 the panting engine is attached to her tail, which bids 
 fair to rival the tail of the great O— ; as the weather 
 gets finer, on they stick an additional joint. Passing 
 under divers bridges and roads, through tunnels, we 
 arrive at 
 
 Iieft. 
 
 The lofty pillars right and left 
 are the chiranies belonging to 
 the steam-engine, used for draw¬ 
 ing up the trains from Euston 
 Station. 
 
 The white building is the 
 celebrated Chalk Farm; but 
 latterly the duellists have pa- 
 tronteed Battersea Fields, par¬ 
 ticularly since the affair between 
 the Duke of Wellington and 
 LordWinchilsea. Behind this is 
 
 Primrose Wll, formerly called 
 Greenbury Hill, from tlienames 
 of the three persons who were 
 executed for the supposed assas¬ 
 sination of Sir Edmundsbury 
 Godfrey, and who were said to 
 have brought him hither, after 
 he had been murdered near 
 Somerset House. 
 
 Hall's Buildings, named after 
 a brickmaker, who first made 
 the bricks, and then built the 
 houses, until he erected in a few 
 vears the cluster of houses now 
 known by the above name. 
 
 Portland Town lies behind. 
 
 Right. 
 
 The pillar on the right is the 
 chimney connected with the 
 Coke-house, where that mate¬ 
 rial is prepared for the engines. 
 
 Stanhope Arms Inn. 
 
 Engine House. 
 
 On the hill is the healthy and 
 populous hamlet of Highgate- 
 The name is said to be derived 
 from the high gate, or the gate 
 on the hill, there having been, 
 from time immemorial, the toll- 
 gate of the Bishop of London 
 on the top of the hill, which 
 is four hundred feet above the 
 summit of St. Paul’s Cathedral, 
 and affords many beautiful pros¬ 
 pects. Highgate is four miles 
 north of London. 
 
 Hampstead, from its beauti¬ 
 ful situation, is one of the most 
 noted villages in the neighbour¬ 
 hood of London ; it lies on the 
 southern acclivity of a hiU, 
 
 Bridge 
 
 n 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 2 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 9i 
 
 CAMBETT TOWN STATION 
 
 Miles. 
 
 u 
 
ROUTE 
 
 29 
 
 Paddington will soon become 
 as celebrated as E us ton Square, 
 it being the principal station 
 for the Great Western Railway. 
 The church is a handsome mo¬ 
 dem building, erected in 1788, 
 upon the Grecian model, with 
 a portico of the Doric order, 
 towards’the south, and a cupola 
 on the top. 
 
 The Grand Junction Canal 
 terminates in a basin at Pad¬ 
 dington, after running nearly 
 100 miles, from the village of 
 Braunston, in Northampton¬ 
 shire, where it enters the Ox¬ 
 ford Canal, and by which it is 
 connected with the Coventry 
 and Birmingham Canals, the 
 Grand Trunk Canal, &c. thus 
 forming a regular line of water 
 communication from London 
 into Lancashire and Yorkshire, 
 and thence with the Docks, by 
 means of the Regent Canal. 
 
 • 
 
 Bell Tea Gardens, the pro¬ 
 perty of the Railway Company, 
 leased for a number of years to 
 the present occupant. It is quite 
 amusing to notice the motley 
 groups assembled every even¬ 
 ing, particularly on Sundays, 
 to see the trains. 
 
 From this spot, a better view 
 of Portland Town is obtained. 
 
 about four miles from St.Giles’s 
 Church. The fine views of the 
 metropolis, and the distant 
 country, which are to be seen 
 from the heath, and from most 
 parts of the hill on which the 
 village is situated, are not the 
 only beauties. The home land¬ 
 scape, consisting of broken 
 ground, divided with enclo¬ 
 sures and well planted with 
 elms and other trees, is remark¬ 
 ably picturesque. 
 
 The parish of Hampstead lies 
 in the hundred of Ossulston, 
 and is bounded by Hendon, 
 Finchley, Pancras, Mary-le- 
 bone, Paddington, and Wils- 
 den. It contains 2,169 acres of 
 land, of which a very small 
 portion is arable; 
 
 On the side of Hampstead 
 Hill, to the east of the town is 
 a spring of mineral water, 
 strongly impregnated with iron. 
 
 Some Roman antiquities, 
 consisting of sepulchral urns, 
 vases, earthern lamps, &c., 
 were dug up in the Well Walk 
 at Hampstead, in the year 1774. 
 
 Kilburn, situated on ancient 
 Watling-street, on the road to 
 Edgware. The houses are mostly 
 occupied by genteel families. 
 
 There is a spring in the neigh¬ 
 bourhood which possesses me¬ 
 dicinal properties. A Benedic¬ 
 tine nunnery, which wasvalued 
 at the dissolution £121. 16s. 
 formerly existed here. 
 
 Freed from the accumulated 
 bricks and mortar of the me¬ 
 tropolis, we begin to breathe a 
 fresher air, and the aspect 
 around becomes more cheerful. 
 
 The beautiful village of Hen¬ 
 don derives its name from its 
 c 3 
 
 21 
 
 Bridge 
 
 3 
 
 Ql 
 
 °8 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Sh 
 
 Level 
 
 3f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 E.xcav. 
 
 4 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Farm House. 
 
30 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 Kcnsal Green. 
 
 A foot-path here crosses the 
 line. 
 
 Tunnel, 313 yards in length, 
 and has one shaft for ventila¬ 
 tion. 
 
 Wormwood Scrubbs. 
 
 Here the branch Bristol and 
 Thames Junction Railway will 
 join the Birmingham. 
 
 Hammersmith is seen in the 
 distance. Hammersmith is noted 
 for rare exotics, and the nur¬ 
 sery-men in the neighbourhood 
 are remarkable for introducing 
 many new and beautiful plants. 
 There are a great many hand¬ 
 some seats and villas about Ham¬ 
 mersmith, particularly near the 
 Thames. The church is very 
 conspicuous. 
 
 Here commences a straight 
 line of railroad, extending one 
 mile and a-half. 
 
 elevated situation. The village 
 is scattered over a considerable 
 tract of ground, and consists of 
 several detached groups of 
 houses, known by various 
 names. 
 
 The parish of Hendon is in 
 the hundred of Goare, and is 
 seven miles in length from north 
 to south, and from two to four 
 in breadth. 
 
 There was formerly a very 
 remarkable cedar-tree in the 
 garden of Hendon-house. It 
 was blown down by the high 
 wind on the 1st of January, 
 1779. Its dimensions were: 
 height, 70 feet; diameter of ho¬ 
 rizontal extent of branches, 100 
 feet; circumference of trunk, 
 at seven feet from the ground, 
 16 feet: at 12 feet from the 
 ground, 20 feet; limbs, from 6 
 to twelve feet in girth. 
 
 The church is a handsome 
 structure, consisting of a double 
 chancel, a nave, two aisles, 
 with octagonal pillars anti 
 pointed arches; it contains a 
 considerable number of monu¬ 
 ments. At the west end is a 
 square embattled tower. 
 
 leading to the village of Hal- 
 
 ston Green. 
 
 Halston House, the seat of 
 Mr. Cutties, the banker. 
 
 4* 
 
 Excav. 
 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 41 
 
 Excav. 
 
 ai 
 
 Bridge 
 
 51 
 
 5\ 
 
 Bridge, 
 
 Level 
 
 A3 
 
 6 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 81 
 
 Cross gates leading to Acton, 
 which is supposed to derive its 
 name from the number of oak 
 trees growing there; ac, in the 
 Saxon language, signifying an 
 oak. About a mile to the north 
 are some medicinal springs, 
 called Acton Wells, which, in 
 the eighteenth century, were in 
 much repute: they belong to 
 the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 Grand Junction Canal. 
 
 Twyford Abbey, the seat of 
 Douglas Willan, Esq.: to see 
 it, one must look rather sharp 
 amongst the trees. 
 
 Near this elegant mansion 
 stands the handsome little 
 church of Twyford, which dis¬ 
 plays many tasteful Gothic or¬ 
 naments. There is no regular 
 benefice attached to this church. 
 Mr. Willan appoints the clergy¬ 
 man, and unites the offices of 
 churchwarden, overseer, and 
 beadle, in his own proper per¬ 
 son—quite a Caleb Quotem in 
 his way. 
 
 Harrow is about ten miles 
 from London; it is situated on 
 the highest hill in the county, 
 and hence the name Harrow on 
 the Hill, to distinguish it from 
 Harrow Weald. It derives great 
 importance from its school 
 (the large red building), where 
 some of the greatest men in 
 
 Here a neat Gothic cottage 
 has been erected for the police¬ 
 man who attends the gates; it 
 is the only accommodation of 
 the kind on the line, except¬ 
 ing at Watford Station, where 
 a similar building, but some¬ 
 thing larger, has been erected, 
 for the inspector. 
 
 Harrow is seen on the right,, 
 although it is on the left of the 
 line.. 
 
 The neat building is Stone 
 
 Bridge. 
 
 Public-house on the Harrow 
 Road. 
 
 Pretty View. 
 
 Cross the rher Brent by 
 bridge of seven arches. 
 
 Oakington Farm, belonging 
 to Mr. Gray, the horse dealer. 
 
 Here are four lines of rails. 
 
 ' A great curve, bringing Har¬ 
 row on the left. 
 
 Wembley Green. From the 
 hill a fine view is obtained. 
 
 The house near the line is the 
 Green Man Inn. 
 
 Wembley Hall is a modern 
 erection. 
 
 Edgeware was celebratedas con¬ 
 taining the magnificent palace 
 of Canons, erected in the early 
 part of the eighteenth century 
 by James, Duke of Chandos. 
 It cost the duke £25u,000, and 
 it is recorded that the locks and 
 hinges of the doors were of si 1 
 vcr. Upon the death of the 
 
 n 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 7f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Bridge 
 
 8i 
 
 Emban. 
 
 8f 
 
 Excav. 
 
 6 * 
 Emban. 
 
 61 - 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 H 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 6} 
 
 7 
 
 Bridge 
 
 7i 
 
 Excav. 
 
 6 
 
 Gates 
 
32 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 Church anti State have com¬ 
 menced their studies. The 
 school was founded in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth, by one 
 John Lyon, of a neighbouring 
 hamlet. It is much frequented 
 by strangers, and from thejhill, 
 as may be supposed, an ex¬ 
 tensive view of the country is 
 obtained. In and surrounding 
 the town are many very tasteful 
 seats, belonging to families of 
 rank and distinction. There is 
 a curious Norman doorway at 
 the entrance to the church. 
 
 Pinner, about two miles and 
 a-half from Harrow. The 
 church is a large edifice, built 
 chiefly of flints; in it lies the 
 body of Mr. Holwell, who had 
 been Governor of Bengal, and 
 who published an account of his 
 confinement, with many others, 
 in the Black-hole in Calcutta. 
 The living (a perpetual curacy) 
 is a very rich one, in the juris¬ 
 diction of the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury. Edward III. grant¬ 
 ed a charter for a weekly mar¬ 
 ket and two fairs: now discon¬ 
 tinued. 
 
 8i 
 
 Bridge 
 
 9 
 
 A Level 
 
 Excav. 
 
 qs 
 
 J 8 
 
 Emban. 
 
 94 
 
 Excav. 
 
 m 
 
 Excav. 
 
 10f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 10y 
 
 Level 
 
 11 
 
 Emban. 
 
 owner, this noble mansion was 
 pulled down, and sold piece¬ 
 meal to different persons. The 
 marble staircase was purchased 
 by the Earl of Chesterfield. 
 The equestrian statue of George 
 I., which now adorns Leicester 
 Square, was in the centre of the 
 court, and the portico was trans¬ 
 ferred to Wanstead House. 
 
 At this spot the Company will 
 have to erect a bridge for the 
 accommodation of persons go¬ 
 ing from the village of Preston 
 to Harrow church. 
 
 Bentley Priory, the seat of the 
 Marquis of Abercorn,, on an 
 elevated situation. The interior 
 is most splendidly furnished, 
 and comprises a suite of spa¬ 
 cious apartments, containing a 
 variety of paintings by some of 
 the old masters; and a great 
 number of valuable antique 
 busts. The grounds cover a 
 space of more than two hun¬ 
 dred acres. 
 
 HAA210W STATION. 
 
 114 Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from 
 DENBIGH HALL. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train. 
 
 30m. past 9 
 
 Second Train. 
 
 7 
 
 Third Train. 
 
 passes 
 
 Week Days. 
 First Train . 
 
 passes 
 
 Second Train . 
 
 9 A.M. 
 
 Third Train . 
 
 11 
 
 Fourth Train . 
 
 passes 
 
 Filth Train. 
 
 7 
 
 Sixth Train. 
 
 passes 
 
 Seventh Train ...... 
 
 passes 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from 
 LONDON. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train . passes 
 
 Second Train stops at 10 
 
 Third Train.30m. past 5 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train . passes 
 
 Second Train . passes 
 
 Third Train. • .30m. pastil 
 
 Fourth Train . passes 
 
 Fifth Train . 30m. past 3 
 
 Sixth Train . 30m. past 5 
 
 Seventh Train (Mail) • • passes 
 
110UTE. 
 
 33 
 
 Left. 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Green ford ....** . 5 
 
 Iclcenham. 6| 
 
 Noriholt. 3| 
 
 Pinner. 2 
 
 Ruislip. 5J 
 
 Uxbridge . . . 
 
 Road to Harrow Weald. 
 
 Gates leading to Pinner Park, 
 the residence of Mr. Walltden. 
 
 I 
 
 Pretty place, side of the 
 bridge, belonging to another 
 horse dealer, Mr. Tilbury. 
 
 Watford Heath. 
 
 . > 
 
 Oxhey Farm. — 1 The building 
 standing in the fields is a chapel. 
 
 Ilf- 
 
 Level 
 
 12 
 
 Excav. 
 
 12| 
 
 Level 
 
 18* 
 
 Bridge 
 
 12f 
 
 Gates 
 
 12* 
 
 Bridge, 
 
 13i 
 
 Embark 
 
 13f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 13| 
 
 Excav. 
 
 m 
 
 Bridge 
 
 14 
 
 Excav. 
 
 14| 
 
 Bridge, 
 
 J4i 
 
 Excav. 
 
 14* 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 15! 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Slight. 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station 
 
 Edgeware.. 4j 
 
 Elstree .. 5 
 
 Kenton ... 2 
 
 Stanmore.. .. 2$ 
 
 Near the Station, is a public- 
 house,formerly the “ King — Bi¬ 
 shop,—and Soldier, —alias" “ The 
 Railway Tavern,”— and now 
 rejoicing in the nameof“T//e 
 Queen's Anns.” Notwithstand¬ 
 ing it has—or had—so many 
 fine names, the accommodation 
 is of the commonest description. 
 Those who stop at this station 
 should go at once to Harrow, 
 where there are two good inns, 
 the Crown and Anchor, and 
 King's Head. 
 
 White House, occupied by 
 Mr. Monro, the Curate of Har¬ 
 row Church. 
 
 leading to 
 
 Stanmore is two miles from 
 Edgeware; it was at this village 
 the meeting took place between 
 the Prince Regent, the Empe¬ 
 ror of Russia, King of Prussia, 
 and Louis XVIII., after the 
 overthrow of Buonaparte. 
 
 Dr Stukely supposes that the 
 ancient city of Sulloniaca, or 
 Suelloniaca, mentioned by An¬ 
 toninus in his Itinerary, was in 
 this parish, not far from Brock- 
 ley Hill. Camden and Norden 
 agree that it was on or near that 
 hill. Great quantities of anti¬ 
 quities, as coins, urns, gold 
 rings, &c. have formerly been 
 found in this neighbourhood. 
 
34 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 Moor Park is situated to the 
 cast of liickmansworth, and 
 was anciently the property of 
 St. Alban’s Abbey'. Henry VII. 
 granted it to John deVere, who 
 led the van of his army in the 
 battle of Bosworth Field,; but 
 it again reverted to the crown, 
 and was for some time in pos¬ 
 session of Cardinal Wolsey. 
 The celebrated Lucy, countess 
 of Bedford, was subsequently 
 amongst its noble owners; she 
 originally laid out the grounds 
 here in the formal style of her 
 age. In Charles the Second’s 
 time, it was purchased of James 
 Earl of Ossory, by the unfortu¬ 
 nate Duke of Monmonth. 
 
 Public House. 
 
 16 | 
 
 Bridge 
 
 16 $ 
 
 Bridge 
 
 16f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Cross the end of Watford. 
 
 Pretty view right and left. 
 From this bridge to theWatford 
 Station, a high winding em¬ 
 bankment, caused by the Earl 
 of Essex refusing to allow the 
 railroad through his park. 
 
 Residence of Mr. Jollybanks. 
 
 across the Colne river. 
 
 17 
 
 m 
 
 Bridge 
 
 17 $ 
 
 Bridge 
 
 * 
 
 Aldenham Church, in the dis¬ 
 tance peeping out from amongst 
 the trees. 
 
 Pretty view. 
 
 Gothic buliding, the residence 
 of the inspector of the station. 
 
 WATFORD STATION. 
 
 17f Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 LONDON. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 DENBIGH HALL. 
 
 On Sundays. 
 
 First Train . 13m. past 9 
 
 Second Train.43m. past 6 
 
 Third Train .13m. past 9 
 
 Week, Days. 
 
 First Train.mail. 
 
 Second Train.43m. past 0 
 
 Third Train .13m. past 11 
 
 Fourth Train. 43m. past 4 
 
 Fifth Train.43m. past 6 
 
 Sixth Train ...43m. past 7 
 
 Seventh Train.13m. past 9 
 
 On Sundays. 
 
 First Train.24m. past 8 
 
 Second Train.26m. past 10 
 
 Third Train .56m. past 5 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train.24m. past 8 
 
 Second Train.26m. past 10 
 
 Third Train .56m. past 11 
 
 Fourth Train.54m. past I 
 
 Fifth Train.56m. past 3 
 
 Sixth Train .56m. past 5 
 
 Seventh Train.mail. 
 
 Omnibuses attend the arrival of the trains, to convey 
 passengers to Watford, fare sixpence each person, and 
 coaches to St. Albans and Rickmansworth. 
 
 On leaving this station, we enter a deep cutting, the 
 high banks of which, and the tunnel that immediately suc¬ 
 ceeds, obstructs the view of the only nobleman’s seat 
 

 * ’ • 
 
 V 1 . 
 
 ■ . ’ 
 
 * i • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ft • 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 ■ . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 * - • * 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 35 
 
 adjoining the whole line. This tunnel is one mile eight}' 
 yards two feet six inches in length. It has five shafts 
 for ventilation ; in the formation of the largest, nine men 
 perished by the falling-in of the shaft. The torrent of 
 smoke and steam issuing from these shafts after the pas¬ 
 sing of a train, has a singular effect; it is frequently ten 
 minutes before the tunnel is complete!}' clear. Iron 
 gratings have been fixed at the top of the shafts, and high 
 walls built round them, to prevent anything being thrown 
 down from above. Great attention is paid by the police¬ 
 men to detect any obstruction on the rails in the tunnel. 
 The rails appear so bright in the tunnel, that, by placing 
 the eye close to the iron at one end, the sight is conducted 
 to the extremity, and can detect even a pebble on the rail. 
 
 Zieft. 
 
 Right. 
 
 Distances from the Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Beaconsfield...... 13 
 
 Chalfont St. Giles • ••. 9^ 
 
 Watford.. 1 
 
 Cheneys. 71 
 
 King’s Langley . 4f 
 
 Rickmansworth. 4 
 
 Sarratt . 7J 
 
 Watford is a large, populous, 
 and was once a bustling town. 
 It is situated partly on a hill, 
 at the foot of which the river 
 Colne flows, making a reach af¬ 
 ter it passes the houses, so as to 
 pass by two sides of it. 
 
 The Colne adds much to the 
 picturesque beauty of the sur¬ 
 rounding scenery. On this river 
 are several paper and silk-mills. 
 The Watford Canal commen¬ 
 ces near the town, where it 
 unites with the Grand Junction 
 Canal, and runs to St. Albans, 
 passing in its course through 
 
 Distances from the Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Abbot’s Langley. 3i 
 
 Aldenham. 3 
 
 Hunton Bridge . 3J 
 
 St. Albans... 6 
 
 About two miles on the road 
 from Watford to St. Albans 
 there is a small building,bearing 
 Excav. t ^* e appearance of one of the 
 finest and neatest specimens of 
 a dwelling in the Gothic style 
 that could possibly meet the 
 eye, and in the very best pre¬ 
 servation. The windows are 
 divided by mullions, and the 
 timbers in the front converge 
 in various directions. An oval¬ 
 shaped chimney of large dimen- 
 sions rises in the centre of this 
 18 building, curiously plastered 
 and ornamented in alto relievo, 
 with every other embellish¬ 
 ment intimating age; but yet 
 this house, the property of the 
 
36 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 the parishes of Watford, Bushey, 
 Aldenham, and St. Peter’s. 
 
 The church is nearly in the 
 centre of the town, and is a 
 large stone structure, with a 
 square tower, surmounted by 
 an hexagonal spire. The inte¬ 
 rior of the church is spacious, 
 consisting of a nave, chancel, 
 aisles, and two galleries. The 
 cemetery of the Essex family is 
 situated upon the left side of 
 the chancel, containing several 
 monuments; those inscribed to 
 the memory of two illustrious 
 members of the Morison fami¬ 
 ly merit attention, on account 
 of the excellence of their work¬ 
 manship. 
 
 The market day is held on 
 Tuesday, when, in addition to 
 the usual articles sold, a great 
 quantity of straw-plait is dis¬ 
 posed of. There are several 
 inns at Watford; the best is 
 the Essex Arms. 
 
 Cashiobury, the seat of the 
 Earl of Essex, in the neigh¬ 
 bourhood of Watford, is sup¬ 
 posed to have been the site of 
 a palace, originally that of the 
 Kings of Mercia, till OfFa gave 
 it to the Abbey of St. Albans. 
 Henry VIII. bestowed the ma¬ 
 nor on Richard Morison, Esq., 
 from whom it passed to Arthur 
 Lord Capel, and lastly to his 
 descendant, George Capel Co- 
 ningsby, Earl of Essex. This 
 noble seat has a park, said to 
 have been planted by LeNotre. 
 The mansion is a spacious but 
 irregular building, having been 
 erected at various periods : the 
 celebrated Wyatt was the most 
 recent architect. The interior 
 decorations are on a superb 
 scale ; and, besides many ele¬ 
 gant apartments, thereisakind 
 of enclosed cloister,ornamented 
 with stained glass. In its ge¬ 
 neral appearance this house 
 has the character of a castella¬ 
 ted edifice; the principal front 
 faces the south-east, and looks 
 
 I Earl of Essex, was not erected 
 ' till 1823. Ilis lordship is said 
 p ! to have several of these fanciful 
 
 L(XCa\. erections about his grounds 
 near Cashiobury. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 m 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 20 
 
 St. Albans, about six miles 
 distant from the line, is cele¬ 
 brated as being more ancient 
 even than London; it was built 
 on the ruins of the Roman 
 Verulam. An immense quan¬ 
 tity of antiquities have been 
 found at different periods. No¬ 
 thing of the ancient city now 
 remains except a few walls. 
 The inhabitants are chiefly em¬ 
 ployed in the breweries, cotton 
 and silk manufactories, andoil- 
 mills. 
 
 The view of St. Albans, in 
 whatever direction it is made,is 
 most imposing. The interest 
 which a spectator feels is con¬ 
 siderably heightened, and a 
 survey of modern St. Albans, 
 unquestionably derives much 
 additional interest from a 
 knowledge of those great events 
 formerly accomplished upon 
 or near to this spot. Modern 
 St. Albans affords a prospect 
 which, for picturesque beauty, 
 has scarcely a parallel. 
 
 It is built upon a projecting 
 eminence, rising from the banks 
 of the little rivulet Ver; from 
 its shores the abundant foliage 
 of various majestic trees rise 
 in rural grandeur up the accli¬ 
 vity of the hill on which the 
 town stands; through this 
 luxuriance various buildings are 
 to be seen, presenting every 
 tasteful variety of appearance. 
 The venerable Abbey Church 
 occupies the most exalted sta¬ 
 tion on its summit. The tower 
 is an object seen for many 
 miles, from whence arises a 
 small pyramidical spire. The 
 parallel lines in the uppermost 
 part of the building are also 
 agreeably relieved by battle¬ 
 ments, the interstices of which 
 are diversified by a variety of 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 37 
 
 immediately over Moore Park. 
 In the different avenues there 
 
 I are tasteful convenient lodges 
 for the park-keepers, erected 
 by the present noble owner. 
 I he park of Cashiobury, four 
 miles in circumference, is en¬ 
 livened by abundance of deer. 
 
 Two miles beyond Watford 
 is Grove, the seat of the Earl 
 of Clarendon. 
 
 Rickmansworth is a small, 
 badly-situated, market town, 
 m a marshy ground at the con¬ 
 fluence of the Gade and Colne 
 rivers. The manor of Rick- 
 mansworth, before the reign of 
 OfFa, was a part of the ancient 
 estate of the Saxon monarchs; 
 upon his establishment of the 
 monastery at St. Albans, OfFa 
 however alienated it from the 
 crown and conferred it upon the 
 monks, to whom Offa’s grant 
 was confirmed by his successors. 
 Henry III. granted the abbots 
 of St. Albans a charter, em¬ 
 powering them to hold a week¬ 
 ly market, and two annual 
 fairs, upon their manor at 
 Rickmansworth. When, along 
 with the other religious esta¬ 
 blishments throughout the is¬ 
 land, the Abbey of St. Albans 
 was suppressed by Henry VIII., 
 the manor of Rickmansworth 
 was conferred by his successor, 
 Edward VI., upon Ridley, bi¬ 
 shop of London. Mary bestow¬ 
 ed this manor upon Bishop 
 Bonner. During the reign of 
 Elizabeth, the crown again ob¬ 
 tained possession of it, and in 
 the reign of Charles I. it was 
 granted, as a security for bor¬ 
 rowed money, to the Six Clerks 
 in Chancery. This monarch 
 sold the estate to Sir Thomas 
 Potherly, in whose family it 
 continued till the year 1694, 
 when the last of that family was 
 swallowed up by an earthquake 
 I in the island of Jamaica, 
 i The church is of considerable 
 
 size, having at its western ex- 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 20 £ 
 
 Emban. 
 
 tasteful arches in the style of 
 the building. It is principally 
 built of Roman brick, except¬ 
 ing the battlements, window, 
 frames, and mouldings, which 
 are of stone; the brickwork is 
 mostly covered with a coat of 
 stucco. 
 
 It is a singular circumstance 
 that this Abbey Church should 
 have been without an organ for 
 several successive centuries. 
 When the body of the church 
 of St. Dunstan in the East, in 
 London, was taken down, the 
 parishioners thought a new 
 church required a new organ 5 
 accordingly the old one was an¬ 
 nounced for sale. The good 
 people of St. Albans, hearing 
 of this, purchased the organ, 
 and, on being repaired and orna¬ 
 mented, it proved to be one of 
 the four made by Father Smith 
 (so called to distinguish him 
 from another builder of that 
 name), and for melody and 
 beauty of tone is only equalled 
 by the organ at the Temple 
 church, built by the same ce¬ 
 lebrated man. 
 
 At the west end of the Abbey 
 Church is the grand entrance, 
 through a projecting porch 
 richly ornamented. Entering 
 the church, at this door, the at¬ 
 tention is immediately arrested 
 by the singular effect resulting 
 from the diversities of the style 
 of architecture. The appear¬ 
 ance of the columns and arches 
 of the nave, notwithstanding 
 the dissimilarity so strikingly 
 evident between many of them, 
 is very grand. 
 
 From its antiquity many per¬ 
 sons would be led to expect 
 that this church contained 
 many curious monuments: but 
 in this expectation the antiqua¬ 
 rian would find himself sadly 
 disappointed. Of the brass 
 monumental plates which for, 
 merly abounded in this church* 
 but one remains. 
 
 D 
 
38 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 tremitv a handsome and lofty 
 embattled tower, and the inte¬ 
 rior consists ofu nave and chan¬ 
 cel, and contains many curious 
 monuments. 
 
 There was formerly a good 
 corn market, but it has of late 
 declined greatly, although ex¬ 
 empted from toll. 
 
 In and near the town are se¬ 
 veral flour, cotton, silk, and 
 paper-mills. Many of the fe¬ 
 males of this town are employed 
 in making straw-plait. 
 
 At West Hyde, near Rick- 
 mansworth, there is a planta¬ 
 tion for water-cresses; the in¬ 
 creased cultivation of this use¬ 
 ful vegetable in> ures a regular 
 and constant supply to the me¬ 
 tropolis. 
 
 St. Albans obtained its first 
 charter of incorporation about 
 the year 1553, from Edward 
 VI., and its government was 
 vested in the hinds of a mayor 
 20} and burgesses. The government 
 
 was afterwards changed by 
 Charles II., and vested in the 
 hands of a mayor, high-stew¬ 
 ard, recorder, twelve aldermen, 
 and twenty-four assistants. 
 
 This town sends two repre¬ 
 sentatives to Parliament. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Paper Mill belonging to Mr. 
 Dickenson. 
 
 2 ! 
 
 Gallows Hill Village. 
 
 'Langley Bury was originally 
 built by Raymond, Lord Chief 
 Justice of the King’s Bench in 
 the time of Charles II. It is 
 agreeably seated upon an emi- 
 lrence gently sloping from the j 
 river Gade, which flows along 
 the N.E.side of the park. It 
 is now in the occupation of 
 Mr. Sullivan.’ 
 
 King's Langley. — A small 
 village ; formerly a palace was 
 erected here by lieniy Ill., in 
 which Edward Langley, son of 
 Edward V., was born. Here 
 was also a Dominican priory, 
 founded in the beginning of the 
 13th century, and afterwards 
 most richly endowed by Edward 
 I., who granted the manor of 
 Langley to it. Its annual re¬ 
 gimes'at the dissolution, ac- 
 corciing to Speed, were £150 
 14s. 8,1. The church is a neat 
 structure, with a large embat¬ 
 tled tower at its western extre¬ 
 mity ; the interior contains 
 many ancient monuments. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Emban. 
 
 911 
 
 J 2 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Abbot's Langley,so called from 
 having belonged formerly to 
 the Abbey of St. Albans. The 
 church is a spacious and hand¬ 
 some building, containg some 
 curious monuments. Abbot’s 
 Langley has the honour of 
 being tlie birth-place of Adrian 
 IV., the only Englishman who 
 ever attained to the pontifical 
 chair; as a pontiff he was most 
 haughty and overbearing. Heen- 
 joyed his dignity but four years, 
 having been poisoned in 1159. 
 
 The river Gade rises near 
 Gaddesden, on the confines of 
 Buckinghamshire, joins the 
 Bulbourn, which rises near 
 Penley Hall, and taking a S.E. 
 d.rcction, runs through the 
 parks of Lords Clarendon and 
 Essex to its junction with the 
 Colne. 
 
 The Grand Junction Canal 
 is crossed here by a bridge. 
 This canal is seen nearly the 
 whole way through the county 
 of Hertford : it commences at 
 j old Brentford, and enters the 
 ! Coventry Canal above Berk- 
 
: 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 39 
 
 t 
 
 It 
 
 } 
 
 i 
 
 if 
 
 Embun 
 
 When the Grand Junction 
 Canal was first contemplated, 
 the Directors intended to cut a 
 tunnel under Croxley Hill; but j 
 the Earl of Essex, with great 
 liberality, allowed the naviga- j 
 tion to pass through his park : 1 
 great expense was thus saved 
 to the proprietors, which les¬ 
 sened considerably the cost of 
 carriage to the public. It is j 
 but doing justice to his lordship 
 thus to record so patriotic an 
 act. His lordship, however, 
 refused to allow the Railroad to 
 pass through his park, which 
 caused the line to take the ex¬ 
 tensive curve to be observed ; 
 between the sixteen mile-post 
 and Watford Station. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 83 * 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 hampstead; it then follows the 
 course of the Bulbourn and 
 Gade to Rickman worth, and 
 from thence to the course of the 
 Colne till it leaves the county. 
 
 Pass over the turnpike road 
 leading to Hemel Hemp tead. 
 
 White gothic building, the 
 residence of Mr.Dickenson, the 
 proprietor of several paper- 
 mills in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Two Waters, pleasantly situ¬ 
 ated at the junction of the river 
 Gade with Bulbourn-brook, and 
 adjoining the Junction Canal. 
 This neighbourhood has long 
 been celebrated for the number 
 of paper-mills, several of which 
 belong to Mr. Dickenson, who; e 
 residence has been noticed 
 above. The Bell Inn is much 
 frequented by persons from 
 London fond of angling, the 
 neighbouring rivers being plen¬ 
 tifully stocked with fish. Those 
 making an excursion from 
 London will find the neigh¬ 
 bourhood of the Two Waters 
 very pleasant. It is within one 
 mile and a quarter of Hemel 
 Hempstead. 
 
 BOXIVXCOA. STATIONS’. 
 
 24 Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 DENBIGH HALL. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train . passes 
 
 Second Train.51m. past 8 
 
 Third Train.21m. past 6 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train .. 21m. past 8 
 
 Second Train.51m. past 10 
 
 Third Train. 21m. past 6 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from . 
 LONDON. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train. passes 
 
 Second Train.46m. past 10 
 
 Third Train. 16m. past 6 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train. 16m. past 12 
 
 Second Train .. Ifim. past 4 
 
 Third Train.16m. past 6 
 
 
40 
 
 IlOU’fE. 
 
 Boxlnioor being 1 only a secondary station , the trains in 
 communication with Rugby do not stop here. It lies 
 considerably higher than the common from whence the 
 station is named. Two omnibuses from Kernel Hemp¬ 
 stead attend the arrival of the trains : fare, sixpence each. 
 There is a house of entertainment near the station called 
 the Boccmoor Hotel. Immediately after leaving this 
 station, the canal is seen on the right. 
 
 Iieft. 
 
 Distance of Towns and Villages. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Bovingdon . 2J 
 
 From the hill above the station 
 a beautiful view is obtained. 
 
 On the brow of the hill ig 
 Boxmoor House. Some of the 
 knowing ones from London 
 have been trying to get this 
 house to convert it into a Luna¬ 
 tic Asylum. 
 
 Cross the Berkhampstead 
 foad. A high embankment con¬ 
 tinues for a mile and a-half. 
 
 West Brook Hay, the seat 
 Of the Hon. M. Ryder, son of 
 the Earl of Harrowby. 
 
 Bournend, a small village ad¬ 
 joining Winkwell . 
 
 Slight. 
 
 Distance of Towns and Villages. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Harpenden . 8i 
 
 Hemel Hempstead. 1.J 
 
 Redburn . 5j 
 
 Hemel Hempstead, a market 
 town agreeably situate among 
 hills. The church stands on the 
 west side of the town, in an ex¬ 
 tensive church-yard, and, from 
 the style of its architecture, 
 seems to have been originally 
 erected shortly after the Nor¬ 
 man conquest: it has, however, 
 at various times undergone con¬ 
 siderable repairs and alterations. 
 Its form is that of a cross, from 
 the intersection of which the 
 tower rises. The entrance into 
 the town presents us with a 
 handsome iamp, which would 
 not disgrace a London gin pa¬ 
 lace The market-house is con¬ 
 structed of wood, without any 
 ornament. The female inhabi¬ 
 tants are chiefly employed in 
 plaiting straw. 
 
 The best inns are the Bell and 
 King’s Arms. 
 
 Gravel pits, from whence the 
 material for the embankment, 
 commencing at Boxmoor, was 
 taken. 
 
 Rose Cottage gates. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 2 lh 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 25} 
 
 Cross the 
 Canal 
 
 2 6h 
 
 Bridge 
 
 27i 
 
 Gates 
 
 Bridge 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 41 
 
 BEIUH.?* AVtfESTEiVU STATION. 
 
 27 \ Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 DENBIGH HALL. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train.36m. past 8 
 
 Second Train. 6m. past 6 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train. 6m. past 8 
 
 .Second Train.36m. past 10 
 
 Third Train. 6m. past 6 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 LONDON. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train.57m. past 10 
 
 Second Train .27m. past 6 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train .27m. past 12 
 
 Second Train.27m. past 4 
 
 Third Train .27m. past 6 
 
 This Station is also a secondary one. It is on a high 
 embankment, overlooking the town of Berkhampstead, 
 to which there is a communication by a bridge across 
 the Junction Canal. Leaving this Station, we pass 
 through grounds having the appearance of a park; the 
 estate belongs to Laly Bridgewater, and is occupied by 
 Mr. Newman. 
 
 Belt 
 
 B.ig'lit. 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Amersham. 71 
 
 Chesham. 4 % 
 
 -Bois . 6i 
 
 Hawridge . 3f 
 
 High Wycombe •••• 14| 
 Missenden, Great •••• 9 
 -- Little. 8 
 
 Bvhliampsteadc onsists of one 
 wide street, nearly half a mile 
 long. Upon the north side of 
 the town are the remains of a 
 castle. Notwithstanding its di¬ 
 lapidated condition, enough re¬ 
 mains to testify its former im¬ 
 portance. This castle was for¬ 
 merly a palace belonging to the 
 kings of Mercia, and, under its 
 protection, the town gradually 
 increased in size and importance, 
 insomuch, that upon William’s 
 invasion from Normandy, this 
 
 28 1 7 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 29 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 29 l i 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 29| 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Gaddesden. 2j 
 
 Market Street. 61 
 
 Nettleden. 2J 
 
 Studham . (jj 
 
 Gaddesden is situated on the 
 banks of the river Gade, from 
 whence its name. The church 
 is small, but contains several 
 monuments. This parish is re¬ 
 markable for being the birth¬ 
 place of John de Gaddesden, a 
 physician and writer of s -me 
 eminence in the days of i hau- 
 cer. This village forms pa t of 
 the estates of the College of Son- 
 hommes, at Ashridge. Queen 
 Elizabe h granted it to Jane, 
 Lady Cheney, and her hers; 
 in the 28th of James I. it was 
 purchased by Thomas, Lord 
 Ellesmere; and Sir John E_or- 
 D 3 
 
route. 
 
 place was selected for the meet¬ 
 ing between the Conqueror and 
 the leading men of the party 
 confederated against him. 
 
 Here are two charity schools, 
 and almshouses for six poor 
 widows, besides minor charities. 
 
 The chief trade is in making 
 wooden bowls and spoons. 
 
 The only respectable inn is 
 the King’s Anns, and that, from 
 what I saw of it, was no great 
 things. Master John Page, the 
 host, glories in relating the visits 
 of Louis XVIII., who resided 
 at Hartwell House, near Ayles¬ 
 bury, during his banishment. 
 
 North Church ,a village in the 
 parish of Berkhampstead. 
 
 30 £ 
 
 Bridge 
 
 30| 
 
 Level. 
 
 31 
 
 Excav. 
 
 31| 
 
 Bridge 
 
 ton, his son, afterwards Earl of 
 Bridgewater, whose descendant, 
 the present earl, built the splen¬ 
 did seat in Ashridge Park, on 
 the borders of Bucks and Herts, 
 near little Gaddesden. This 
 park is five miles in compass. 
 The mansion has a beautiful 
 view of Aylesbury Vale. It 
 stands partly in the parish of 
 Gaddesden and partly in that of 
 Pitson. The seat is not seen 
 from the Railroad, which here 
 passes through the grounds. 
 The pillar which is seen on 
 the right was erected by Lady 
 Bridgewater, as “a memoran¬ 
 dum of the late duke,” accord¬ 
 ing to a native, who pointed it 
 out to me. 
 
 th,iwg statiow 
 
 31 f 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 DENBIGH HALL. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train. 23m.past 8 
 
 Second Train.53m. past 5 
 
 Third Train....23m. past 8 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train. passes 
 
 Second Train.53m. past 7 
 
 Third Train .23m. past 10 
 
 Fourth Train.43m. past 3 
 
 Fifth Train.53m. past 5 
 
 Sixth Train .53m. past 6 
 
 Seventh Train .23m. past 8 
 
 Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 LONDON. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train . 3m. past 9 
 
 Second Train. 15m. past 11 
 
 Third Train .4ml. past 6 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train . 3m. past 9 
 
 Second Train .. 3m. past 11 
 
 Third Train ..4lm. past 12 
 
 Fourth Train.33m. past 2 
 
 Fifth Train .44m. past G 
 
 Sixth Train .41m. past G 
 
 Seventh Train .. passes 
 
 Conveyances attend the arrival of the trains, from 
 Tring, Aylesbury, Oxford, &c. The best Inn is the Rose 
 and Crown. 
 
 Leaving the Tring Station, we enter a deep excava¬ 
 tion, which continues upwards of two miles, passing 
 under three bridges. This excavation, which is between 
 fifty and sixty feet deep, occupied upwards of 400 
 
ROUTE 
 
 48 
 
 men for three years and a half: it is the deepest and 
 longest in the entire line. In this excavation the 
 boundary between the counties of Hertfordshire and 
 Bucks is passed. 
 
 Xieft. 
 
 D stances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station . 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Aylesbury . 91 
 
 Buckland. 51 
 
 Cheddingtou . 4 
 
 Halton . 61 
 
 Hampden.Ill 
 
 -, Little.10 
 
 Kimble, Great. 10J 
 
 Princes Risborough .. 121 
 
 Stoke Mandeville. fp 
 
 Tring . 21 
 
 W'K NT DOVER. 71 
 
 YVigginton. 1| 
 
 ILiglit. 
 
 Distances of Towns mid Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Aldbury . | 
 
 Aston t linton. 5J 
 
 Cholesbury . 41 
 
 Drayton Beauchamp-• 41 
 
 Ellesborough . 91 
 
 Ivinghoe. 3 
 
 Long Marston. 41 
 
 Marsworth .. 21 
 
 Mentmore. 6', 
 
 Monk:.’ Risborough .. llj 
 
 Pitstone . 2 
 
 Puttenham .......... 5* 
 
 Tring, a small, ill-built town, 
 is the most westerly in the 
 county of Herts, and is noto¬ 
 rious as the scene of an atro¬ 
 cious occurrence which took 
 place here in 1751. Some igno¬ 
 rant country people, alarmed 
 at the mortality produced 
 among their cattle by a conta¬ 
 gious disorder then prevalent, 
 attributed all the mischief to 
 the witchcraft of John and Ruth 
 Osborne, an old married couple 
 of this town, and, assembling 
 in a riotous manner, proclaimed 
 their accusation to the public, 
 at three neighbouring towns, 
 on their respective market days. 
 The following was the form of 
 the proclamation made at Hemel 
 Hempstead : 
 
 “ This is to give notice, that 
 on Monday next, a man and 
 Woman are to be publicly duck¬ 
 ed at Tring, in this county, for 
 their crimes.” 
 
 According to this notice, these 
 bigotted and superstitious riot¬ 
 ers seized the unfortunate vie- 
 
 Pitston, Green and village. 
 
 Ivinghoe is a small market- 
 town, situated near the ancient 
 Ikenild Street: it consists of 
 two streets in the form of a T. 
 A market at this town was ori¬ 
 ginally granted to Henry de 
 Blois, Bishop of Winchester, in 
 1313; but it may almost be said 
 to be discontinued—a circum¬ 
 stance which probably arises 
 from the barrenness of the 
 country immediately surround¬ 
 ing the town. 
 
 Ivinghoe church is a hand¬ 
 some Gothic structure, and con¬ 
 tains some memorials of the 
 family of Duncombe, who had 
 a seat in this parish, called Bar¬ 
 ley-End House. On the north 
 side of the chancel is an ancient 
 altar tomb, upon which are the 
 effigies of the deceased, said to 
 have been that of a brother of 
 King Stephen. 
 
 S4 
 
 Bridge 
 
 34i 
 
 34f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 over the 
 Grand 
 Junction 
 
44 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 tims of their persecution, drag¬ 
 ged them from the vestry of 
 the church, to which, on ac¬ 
 count of its sanctity, they had 
 fled as a place of refuge, and 
 ducked them so severely, that 
 theold woman, already weighed 
 dov.m almost to the grave by 
 the pressure of years, expired 
 upon the spot, and was followed 
 in a very few days after by her 
 aged husband. The coroner’s 
 verdict declaring that they were 
 wilfully murdered, several of 
 the leaders in this barbarous 
 transaction were brought to 
 trial, and capitally convicted. 
 
 34 f 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 35 ^ 
 
 Bridge i 
 
 35| 
 
 Exeav. 
 
 Cheddington, a parish in the 
 hundred of Cottesloe, county of 
 Buckingham, two miles from 
 Ivinghoe, contaning about 500 
 inhabitants. The living is a 
 rectory in the archdeaconry of 
 Buckingham, and diocese of 
 Line In, rated in the king’s 
 books at £15. 9. 7: the present 
 incumbent is Mr Sheppard. 
 
 Gravel pits, from whence the 
 material for the embankment 
 was taken. 
 
 Mentmore, a parish also in.the 
 hundred of Cottesloe, compris¬ 
 ing the township of Mentmore 
 and hamlet of Ledburn, con¬ 
 taining about 200 inhabitants; 
 it is four miles from Ivinghoe. 
 The living is a discharged vi¬ 
 carage in the archdeaconry of 
 Buckingham and diocese of 
 Lincoln, rated in the king’s 
 books at £6• 17- 1, endowed 
 with the sum of £200 royal 
 b unty, and in the patronage 
 f the Harcourt family. 
 
 36 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 364 
 
 37 h 
 
 Emban. 
 
 3?t 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 38 \ 
 
 Bridge 
 
 The land here is frequentl 
 inundated after heavy rains. 
 
 38f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Near Ivinghoe is Bcrrystead 
 House, now a farm-house, said 
 to have been the seat of Henry 
 de Blois, Bishop of Winchester, 
 brother of King Stephen. 
 
 About two miles from Iving¬ 
 hoe, is a place called Boburn. 
 Here is said to be the original 
 source of the river Tame: 
 there are two springs, which 
 divide within ten yards of each 
 other, one running due east and 
 the other west. 
 
 At St. Margaret’s, a populous 
 hamlet in the parish of Iving¬ 
 hoe, a Benedictine nunnery was 
 founded by Henry de Blois, 
 Bishop of Winchester, men¬ 
 tioned, about the year 1160, to 
 the honour of St. Margaret and 
 St. Nicholas. 
 
 Seabrook, a joint hamlet with 
 Horton, in the parish of Iving¬ 
 hoe, from whence it is distant 
 one mile and a-half. 
 
 Eddlesborough on the Hill, 
 a parish in the hu ndred of Cot¬ 
 tesloe, comprising the chapelry 
 of Daynell and the hamlets of 
 Hudnall and Northall, and con¬ 
 taining 1,500 inhabitants. The 
 living is a discharged vicarage 
 in the archdeaconry of Buck¬ 
 ingham, rated in the king’s 
 books ai £13.17, endowed with 
 £8 per aunum private benefac¬ 
 tion, and £200 royal bounty, in 
 the patronage of the trustees of 
 the late Earl of Bridgewater. 
 The church is a handsome edi¬ 
 fice, situated on a hill, which 
 has much the appearance of an 
 ancient fortress. 
 
 HortoW, a hamlet in the parish 
 of Ivinghoe, from whence it is 
 distant two miles and a-half; it 
 contains, with Seabrook, about 
 150 inhabitants. 
 
 Ledburn, a hamlet in the 
 parish of Mentmore, hundied 
 of Cottesloe, county of Buck¬ 
 ingham, co: taming about 2t>0 
 inhabitants; three miles from 
 Leighton Bumrd. 
 
ROUTE 
 
 45 
 
 liEZGHTOZT BtTZZim,22> STATION. 
 
 39 Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 DENBIGH HALL. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 LONDON. 
 
 On Sundays. 
 
 First Train .57m. past 7 
 
 Second Train.27m. past 5 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train .27m. past 7 
 
 Second Train .57m. past 9 
 
 Third Train. 27 m. past 5 
 
 On Sundays. 
 
 First Train. 35m. past 11 
 
 Second Train. 5m. past 7 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train .. 5m. past I 
 
 Second Train. 5m. past 5 
 
 Third Train. 5m. past 7 
 
 This is a secondary station, to which a new road has 
 been made from the town. The principal inn is the 
 Sivan. A coach awaits the arrival of the seven o’clock 
 
 train from London to convey passengers to Ampthill and 
 Woburn, and leaves the former place every morning at 
 half-past five to meet the first train up to London. 
 
 The tunnel is so much upon the curve that from one 
 extremity the other end cannot be seen ; it is only 272 
 yards long, and contains one shaft. Emerging from it 
 is a deep excavation through a species of hard brown 
 stone, with veins of iron. 
 
 X>eft. 
 
 Distances of To wns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 To Aston Abbots .... 
 
 Aylesbury. 
 
 Bierton. 
 
 Cubbington. 
 
 Dun ton. 
 
 Granborough •.. 
 
 Grove . 
 
 Hardwick. 
 
 Miles. 
 - 53 
 
 . 1H 
 
 . n 
 
 Hartwell . 
 
 Hogs ton.... 
 
 Hulcot.. 
 
 Mentmore. 
 
 North Mars ton .. 
 Pitcbcote. 
 
 
 Stewkley . 
 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Battlesden. 45 
 
 Billington. 2J 
 
 Chalgrave. 7 
 
 Dunstable. 8 
 
 Eaton Bray . 5.t 
 
 Eddlesborough . 5£ 
 
 Eggington. 3 
 
 Flitwick. 12 
 
 Great Brickhill -. • 45 
 
 Heath. 25 
 
 Hockliffe . 45 
 
 Houghton Regis. 7 
 
 Linslade . 1J 
 
 Milton Bryant. 5 
 
 Pottesgrove. 43 
 
46 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 Stone . 
 
 . 121 
 
 Whitchurch. 
 
 . 8 
 
 Wing. 
 
 Wingrave. 
 
 
 • ... 55 
 
 Aylesbury consists of several 
 irregularlv-built streets and 
 lanes. The County-ha'l is a 
 handsome modern structure. 
 The church is a spacious and 
 ancient structure, built in the 
 shape of a cross, with a low 
 tower rising at the intersection 
 of the nave and transept; yet 
 from its elevated situation, 
 when compared with the sur¬ 
 rounding flat, is seen for many 
 miles every way. In the church 
 is a handsome organ : the pul¬ 
 pit is ornamented with curious 
 carved work. The church-yard 
 is very large, and disposed into 
 several walks, planted with 
 double rows of trees. 
 
 Many people in this town and 
 its neighbourhood derive sup¬ 
 port from their peculiar skill in 
 breeding and reaving ducks. 
 For the gratification of artificial 
 wasts, they reverse the order of 
 nature, and, by a restriction of 
 food, and other means, prevent 
 the ducks from laying till the 
 months of October and Novem¬ 
 ber. Some weeks previous to 
 the time they wish them to lay, 
 the ducks are fed with stimu¬ 
 lating provisions, and the eggs 
 being ready, a hen is employed 
 to sit, and frequently obliged I 
 to continue in the nest till three 
 successive broods are hatched. 
 When the young leave the shell, 
 they are placed near a fire, and 
 nursed with particular care. By 
 these methods many ducklings 
 are sent at Christmas to the 
 metropolis, where they have 
 been known to sell from 10s. to 
 a guinea a couple. 
 
 The parish of Aylesbury is 
 the largest and the mostfruitful 
 in the county. 
 
 The fertility of Aylesbury 1 
 Vale was of such notoriety, that 
 
 Soulbury . 2} 
 
 Stanbridge . } 
 
 Stoke Hammond. 3S 
 
 Tilsworth. 4j 
 
 Toddington. 71 
 
 Totternhoe . 6| 
 
 Westoning. 101 
 
 Leighton Buzzard is one of 
 the most ancient market-towns 
 in the kingdom. Near the mar¬ 
 ket-place is a beautiful gothic 
 cross, of a pentagonal form, 
 said to have been erected 500 
 years; it was repaired in the 
 year 1650. The height of the 
 cross is thirty-eight feet: from 
 the lowest base to the top of the 
 vane, twenty-seven feet two in¬ 
 ches from the top of the stone¬ 
 work to the basement story, 
 and seven feet four inches from 
 the ground, at the lowest side, 
 and consists of five rows of 
 steps rising from the earth. 
 The centre pillar, which sup¬ 
 ports the arch, is eight feet two 
 inches high, and one foot ore 
 inch and a quarter wide, on the 
 side fronting the largest angle. 
 The upper story is disposed into 
 five niches, and there were for¬ 
 merly as many pinnacles at the 
 comers, but one of them has 
 been destroyed : e ch niche 
 contained a statue. The first 
 appears to have been intended 
 to represent a bishop ; another 
 seems like theVirgin and Jesus ; 
 a third appears to be St. John 
 the Evangelist; the others are 
 too much mutilated to be 
 known. Over each arch at¬ 
 tached to the cornice, surround¬ 
 ing the building, there were 
 three grotesque heads. 
 
 The parish church is a hand¬ 
 some gothic structure, contain¬ 
 ing several monuments. There 
 was a fraternity, or brother¬ 
 hood, in the church of Leigh- 
 ! ton. Some remains of tlieir 
 hall are still standing in Broad 
 Street, not far from the Cross. 
 
 At a place called Giovcbury, 
 in this parish, there was for- 
 
 39} 
 Excav. 
 39 y 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 Leighton 
 
 Bridge 
 
 41 
 
 41} 
 
 414 
 
 Exeav. 
 
 41 f 
 Bridge 
 
 42} 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Bmban. 
 
ROtKTE. 
 
 47 
 
 Drayton makes mention of it 
 in the following lines :— 
 
 “Aylesbury’s a vale that walloweth 
 in her wealth. 
 
 And (by her wholesome air con¬ 
 tinually in health) 
 
 Is lusty, firm, and fat, and holds 
 her youthful strength—” 
 
 Wingrave is situated about 
 live miles from Aylesbury, con¬ 
 taining, with the hamlet of 
 Rowsham, 700 inhabitants; the 
 living, a discharged vicarage, 
 is in the patronage of the trus¬ 
 tees of the late Earl of Bridg¬ 
 water, rated in the king’s books 
 at £‘y. 9s. 7<h 
 
 Soulbury , about 3 miles from 
 Leighton Buzzard, contains 600 
 inhabitants. The livingis a per¬ 
 petual curacy in the archdea¬ 
 conry of Buckingham and dio¬ 
 cese of Lincoln. There are two 
 schools, for twelve boys and 
 twelve girls, which was en¬ 
 dowed with land in 1728, by the 
 Rev. John Sarnbee. 
 
 Bletchley, a small miserable 
 village, where those disappoint¬ 
 ed in getting on from Denbigh 
 Hall must not expect to find 
 accommodation even for their 
 dog. On the enclosure of the 
 heath an allotment of twenty- 
 five acres was assigned for the 
 benefit of the poor, in lieu of 
 cutting furze. 
 
 Water Eaton, in the parish of 
 Bletchley, is about two miles 
 and a half south-east from 
 Shenley. 
 
 The manor of Water Hall, in 
 the same parish, was held by 
 the service of finding a man on 
 a horse without a saddle; a bow 
 without a string ; and an arrow 
 without a head. 
 
 42 f 
 
 Bridge 
 . 43| 
 
 Emban. 
 
 44 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 44} 
 
 Em ban. 
 45 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 45 £ 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Bridge 
 45 j 
 
 Emban. 
 
 461 
 
 Gates 
 
 merlv a cell of foreign monks, 
 established here by the abbess 
 and Cistercian nuns of Font 
 Everard, in Normandy, to 
 whom King Henry II. granted 
 a manor in Leighton. 
 
 Stoke Hammond, 
 
 Little Brickhill , now an in¬ 
 considerable village, formerly 
 a place of more consequence, 
 and more populous than Creat 
 Brickhill, the adjoining parish, 
 having been a market and aa 
 assize town, 
 
 Woburn, asmallmarket town, 
 i forty-three miles from London. 
 In the year 1792 Woburn was 
 visited by Queen Elizabeth; 
 j and on the 26th August 1645, 
 King Charles I. halted there on 
 his route from Wales to Oxford, 
 and slept at the house of the 
 Earl of Bedford, who was then 
 in the service of the Parliament. 
 
 The parish church contains 
 several anchnt monuments. 
 Thetower stands detached from 
 the rest, of the building, at the 
 north-west corner. Adjoining 
 the church-yard is the Free 
 ! School. There is also an alms- 
 j house for twelve poor persons, 
 
 { both founded by the Bedford 
 family. 
 
 An abbey of Cistercian monks 
 was founded at Woburn in 1145, 
 
 Woburn Abbey, the seat of 
 the Duke of Bedford, was al¬ 
 most wholly rebuilt about the 
 l middleof the last century. This 
 | extensiveandmagnificentbuild- 
 ing, situated in the midst of a 
 i large park, occupies four sides 
 ! of a quadrangle. It has expe- 
 I rienced many alterations and 
 I improvements, particularly 
 j during the time it was in the 
 possession of the late Duke. 
 
 [ The west front is of the Ionic 
 j order, with an insulated base- 
 ! rnent. The principal floor or 
 , suite cf rooms on this side con¬ 
 sists of a saloon, state bed¬ 
 room, drawing and dining 
 
48 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 Winslow, is a place of con¬ 
 siderable antiquity. The mar¬ 
 ket, which is held on Thurs¬ 
 days, was granted in 1235 to the 
 abbot and convent of St. Al¬ 
 ban’s, to whom the manor had 
 been given by King Offa. 
 
 The parish church, dedicated 
 to St. Lawrence, is a spacious 
 Gothic structure, consisting of 
 a nave, two aisles, and a chan¬ 
 cel, with a square tower, em¬ 
 battled at the west end. The 
 windows are all small, and the 
 mouldings ornamented with 
 zig-zag sculpture. The princi¬ 
 pal entrance is on the west side, 
 which is more embellished than 
 any other part. On this side 
 are three arches. The centre 
 arch forms the doorway, and is 
 supported by two pillars on each 
 side, with square capitals, and 
 zig-zag mouldings. 
 
 The era of the erection of this 
 fabric is unknown. Some work¬ 
 men, who repaired the roof of 
 the chancel, after it had been 
 damaged by a storm a few years 
 ago, are reported to have ob¬ 
 served the date 1006 inscribed 
 on a stone. This information, 
 however, cannot be adduced 
 upon satisfactory authority ; 
 nor would it be any proof of 
 the time of its erection, even if 
 found there. 
 
 The living is a discharged vi¬ 
 carage, endowed with £‘200 pri¬ 
 vate, benefactions and £200 
 Royal bounty,—and in the pa¬ 
 tronage of the Crown. 
 
 47 
 
 Cutting 
 
 47i 
 
 Emban. 
 
 47 £ 
 
 Emban. 
 
 47| 
 
 Emban. 
 
 rooms. The south contains the 
 library, breakfast, Etruscan, 
 and Duke’s rooms. The east 
 the vestibule, servants’ offices, 
 &c.; and the north the French 
 bid-rooms, and various other 
 chambers. The state apait- 
 ments are fitted up in a style of 
 costly magnificence. The gal¬ 
 lery exhibits a large and most 
 interesting collection of por¬ 
 traits, and many fine paintings 
 are dispersed in other rooms. 
 
 Fenny Stratford had, from 
 time immemorial, a market on 
 Mondays, which was confirmed 
 by charter in 1509. In 1665 this 
 small town suffered considerably 
 in its population by the plague, 
 of which 139 persons died. The 
 inns were shut up, and the roads 
 through the town, for some 
 time, turned in another direc¬ 
 tion. This misfortune proved 
 fatal to the market, which has 
 never flourished since, and has 
 now been for many years unat¬ 
 tended, if not wholly discon¬ 
 tinued. There was anciently a 
 guild or fraternity at Fenny 
 Stratford, dedicated to St. Mar¬ 
 garet and St. Catherine, which 
 was founded in 1494 by Roger 
 and John Hebbes. It consisted 
 of an alderman, two wardens, 
 and an indefinite number of 
 brethren and sisters. The bro¬ 
 therhood house is now the Bull 
 Inn. The Swan Inn here had 
 the same name in 1474. 
 
 DjSTJBIGH-HikljIj STATION*. 
 
 48 Miles. 
 
 TRAINS ARRIVE from 
 LONDON. 
 
 TRAINS START from DEN¬ 
 BIGH HALL. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train. 
 
 Second Train. 
 
 Third Train .30m. past 
 
 Fourth Train.. 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train, Mail 
 
 Second Train.30m. past 
 
 Third Train . 
 
 Fourth Train.30m past 
 
 Ci *sl ife- 
 
ROUTES. 
 
 49 
 
 Week Dai's. 
 
 First Train .53m. past 9 
 
 Second Train. 5m. past 12 
 
 Third Train. 35m. past 1 
 
 Fourth Train.23m. past 3 
 
 Fifth Train.35m. past 5 
 
 Sixth Train. 35m. past 7 
 
 Seventh Train Mail • • 53m. past 10 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train Mail 
 
 Second Train. 
 
 Thi.d Train .. 30m. past 
 
 Fourth Train.. • • 
 
 FifthTrain. 
 
 Sixth Train. 
 
 Seventh Train .30m. past 
 
 The following Coaches meet the Trains at Denbigh-Hall' 
 
 “ The Commercial,” Nottingham, through Stoney Stratford, North¬ 
 ampton,Market Harborough, Leicester, and Loughboiough. Meets 7 a.m. 
 train up from Denbigh to London, andBJ p.m. train down from London. 
 
 “ The Railway,” —Northampton, through Fenny Stratford, Newport 
 Pagnell, and Stoke Goldington. Meets 9* a.m. train up, and 3 p.m. down 
 from London. 
 
 “ The R ailway,”— Newport Pagnell, through Fenny Stratford. Meets 
 9 a.m. train up, and 5 p.m. down from London. 
 
 “ The Banbury and Buckingham,” meets 3 p.m. train up, and 1 p.m. 
 down from London. 
 
 “ The Rocket ” —Lichfield and Tamworth, through Newport Pagnell, 
 Welford, Hinckley, Lutterworth, and Atherstone. Meets 3 p.m. train up, 
 and 91 a.m. train down from London. 
 
 “ The Lincoln,” through Northampton, Stamford, Kettering, Boston, 
 and Market Deeping. Meets 7 p.m. train up, and 7a a.m. down from 
 London. 
 
 “ The Boston,” through Spalding, Market Deeping, and Stamford. 
 Meets 5 p.m. train up, and 7i a.m. down from London. 
 
 “The Times” —Derby and Nottingham, through Stoney Stratford, 
 Northampton, Market Harborough, Leicester, and Loughborough. Meets 
 5 p.m. train up, and 10 a.m. down from London. 
 
 “ The Brilliant,” — Sheffield, through Mansfield and Chesterfield, 
 7i a.m. from London, 8 from Denbigh Hall. 
 
 The Coaches leave Denbigh Hall for Rugby, 10, 12, 3J. 
 
 Innkeepers of the neighbouring towns have post-horses in readiness at 
 Denbigh Hail to take forward private carriages. 
 
 The following Mails and Coaches are conveyed by the Railroad on trucks 
 attached to the trains, as far as Denbigh Hall, where they are taken off the 
 line, and horses being attached, they proceed direct to their destinations. 
 
 Mails. —Carlisle, Liverpool, Manchester, Holyhead, and Lichfield: fares, 
 inside, £2.2; outside, £l. 1. 
 
 Coaches. —“Emerald,” “Greyhound,” and “Estafette:” fares, inside, 
 £l. 15 ; outside, 18s. 
 
 E 
 
 •*4 0 Oi CO COM - *** 
 
110UTE 
 
 50 
 
 £eft. 
 
 Right. 
 
 Towns and Villages from this 
 
 Station. 
 
 To Blechley. 13 
 
 Loughton.. 2J 
 
 Newton Longville • • • • 3 
 
 Shenley. 2J 
 
 Swanbourn . 7i 
 
 Whaddon. 4] 
 
 Winslow . 8i 
 
 Denbigh Hall, alias hovel, 
 bears much the appearance of a 
 race-course, where tents are in 
 place of houses—lots of horses 
 but not much stabling, coach¬ 
 men, post-boys, post-horses, 
 and a grand stand ! Mere the 
 trains must stop, for a very par¬ 
 ticular reason— they can't go any 
 f urther. On my arrival, I was 
 rather surprised to find all the 
 buildings belonging to the Rail¬ 
 way Company of such a tempo¬ 
 rary description; but this Sta¬ 
 tion will become only a second¬ 
 ary one when the line is opened 
 to Wolverton. There is but 
 one solitary public-house, once 
 rejoicing in the name of the Pig 
 and Whistle, but now dignified 
 by the title and dignity of Den¬ 
 bigh Hall Inn, newly named by 
 Mr. Calcraft, the brewer, who 
 has lately bought the house. 
 Brewers are very fond of buying 
 up inns, to prevent, 1 suppose, 
 other people supplying the pub¬ 
 lic with bad beer, wishing to 
 have that privilege themselves ! 
 The unexpected demands for 
 accommodation at this now 
 famed place, obliged the indus¬ 
 trious landlord immediately to 
 convert his parlour into a cof¬ 
 fee-room, the bar into a parlour, 
 the kitchen into a bar, the sta¬ 
 ble into a kitchen, the pig-sty 
 into a stable, and tents into 
 straw bed-rooms by night, and 
 dining-rooms by day. To sum 
 
 Toivns and Villages from this 
 Station. 
 
 To Broughton • .. 
 
 Bow Brickhill. 3J 
 
 Crannfield. 8 
 
 Crawley. 
 
 Drayton Parslow. 5J 
 
 Fenny Stratford. 1 * 
 
 Husborne Crawley.... 6 \ 
 
 Hulcot .,. 6 ^ 
 
 Lidlington . 10 ^ 
 
 Little Brickhill. 3^ 
 
 Milton Keynes. 3 } 
 
 Moulsoe . 
 
 Nursley. 5 * 
 
 Ridgmont. fit 
 
 Salford. 51 
 
 Sympson. lj 
 
 Tottenhoe. 3 ^ 
 
 Walton. 2.J 
 
 Wavendon . 3 ^ 
 
 Woburn . ft 
 
 Woolston, Great. 3 J 
 
 -Little. 3 J 
 
 up the “ tattle of the whole,” as 
 Mr. Hume would say, the ac¬ 
 commodation for both man and 
 horse is of the most common¬ 
 place description. The railroad 
 crosses the high road from Lon¬ 
 don to Stoney Stratford, and the 
 only delay which takes place is 
 in the transit of the passengers 
 and luggage from the trains to 
 the coaches and omnibuses. 
 Great credit is due to Messrs. 
 Chaplin and Hoare for the ad¬ 
 mirable arrangements by which 
 such a number of passengers 
 and luggage are so quietly trans¬ 
 ferred from wem-times-speed to 
 the old jog-and-trot pace; and 
 yet the drive between Denbigh 
 and Rugby is not to be despised, 
 although it occupies four hours 
 and a-quarter. Being rather a 
 hilly road, it occasionally af¬ 
 fords pretty views of the sur¬ 
 rounding country. 
 
route. 
 
 51 
 
 Coach Road from Denbigh Hall to Rugby Station, 
 by Stoney Stratford, Towcester, Daventry, and 
 Dunchurch. 
 
 A quarter of an hour is allowed to get refresh¬ 
 ment between Denbigh Hall and Rugby. Some of 
 the coaches stop atWeedon, others at Daventry and 
 Dunchurch. The charge at the Globe, at Weedon, for 
 . an excellent lunch (if you prefer, call it a dinner), 
 consisting of hot and cold-ineats, cheese, beer, &c. is 
 only two shillings. If you are hungry, don’t stand 
 upon the order of going , but go in at once, and make 
 the most of the time allowed. 
 
 Stoney Stratford is a long 
 town, and is built on the Wat- 
 ling-street, which, entering the 
 county near Brickhill, crosses 
 it in a direct line. The houses 
 are of free-stone, and extend 
 for about a mile on each side 
 the road. The town is divided 
 into the two parishes of St. 
 Giles and St. Mary Magdalen ; 
 and it has been said that there 
 are not twenty acres of land in 
 both parishes, more than those 
 on which the buildings are 
 erected. Originally it appears 
 to have only consisted of a few 
 inns for the accommodation of 
 travellers; but as trade increas¬ 
 ed, a stone bridge was thrown 
 over the Ouse, and the road 
 being more frequented, addi¬ 
 tional houses were built for 
 fresh residents. At this time, 
 there cannot be less than twen¬ 
 ty inns. How long they will 
 remain inns after the opening 
 
 Miles from 
 Denbigh 
 
 Hall. 
 
 51 
 
 Cross the 
 River 
 Ouse 
 
 Canal 
 
 Newport Pagnell, on the road 
 to Northampton, is situated at 
 the junction of the Levet with 
 the Ouse. Sir Samuel Luke, 
 the supposed Hudibras of But¬ 
 ler, was the governor of this 
 town in the year 1645. An ele¬ 
 gant iron bridge was erected 
 over the Levet in 1811, con¬ 
 sisting of one arch, fifty-eight 
 feet span. A handsome stone 
 bridge was also built over the 
 Ouse, about the same time. 
 The only manufactory is lace¬ 
 making. Here are three dis¬ 
 senting meeting-houses; one 
 belonging to the independents, 
 is capable of seating more than 
 800 persons. The inhabitants 
 amount to 4,000. 
 
 The Ouse and the Levet di¬ 
 vide the town into two unequal 
 parts, and Newport Pagnell gave 
 its name to the hundred and 
 deanery in which it stands. 
 
 During the civil wars in the 
 E 2 
 
 UNJVLRSITY of ILLINOIS 
 t!8RAKY 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 of the railroad, requires no 
 ghost from the grave to divine, 
 —serves them right— regular set 
 of fleecers,—open your mouth, 
 and it requires 3s. 6d. to shut it 
 again. 
 
 At this town King Richard 
 III., then Duke of Gloucester, 
 accompanied by the Duke of 
 Buckingham, seized the young 
 King Edward V. 
 
 Votterspury , a village which 
 takes its name from a manu¬ 
 facture of flower pots and other 
 coarse ware. 
 
 One mile to the westward is 
 Wakefield Lodge, the seat of 
 the Duke of Grafton, pleasant¬ 
 ly situated on a gentle emi¬ 
 nence, sloping gradually to the 
 margin of a large lake. The 
 house was built for Mr. Cley- 
 pole, Oliver Cromwell’s son-in- 
 law. 
 
 Wee don Beck. It is said that 
 Wulphur, king of Mercia, had 
 a palace here, which was after¬ 
 wards converted into a convent 
 by his daughter Werburgh. 
 
 n 
 
 m 
 
 Cross 
 
 River 
 
 Tove 
 
 Cross 
 
 Canal 
 
 21h 
 
 reign of Charles I., Newport 
 Pagnell was very early garri¬ 
 soned by Prince Rupert; but 
 on the approach of the Earl of 
 Essex, shortly after the first 
 battle of Newberry, in 1C43, it 
 was abandoned by the royal 
 forces, and taken possession of 
 for the parliament, to whom it 
 proved a very useful post during 
 the remainder of the war. 
 
 At the time of the Norman 
 conquest this place was the pro¬ 
 perty of William Fitzansculf, a 
 powerful baron, ancestor of the 
 Paganells or Pagnells, who gave . 
 their name to the town. The 
 Pagnells had a castle at New¬ 
 port, the site of which is still 
 called the Castle Mead, but 
 there were no remains of the 
 building. 
 
 Toivcester, situated on the 
 ancient Watling-street, near 
 the banks of the river Tove, 
 consists of one principal street, 
 containing several large inns; 
 the houses are well-built; the 
 church contains the tomb of 
 William Sponne, who was rec¬ 
 tor in the reign of Henry VI , 
 who founded a college and 
 chantery for two priests, to say 
 masses for his soul. 
 
 About one mile and a-half 
 from Towcester is Easton Nes - 
 ton, the seat of the Earl of 
 Pomfret. The wings were built 
 by Sir Christopher Wren, in 
 the year 1082; the centre, by 
 Hawktsmore, about twenty 
 years after; but since their 
 time it has been considerably 
 altered. This mansion has been 
 rendered eminent in the estima¬ 
 tion of artists and connoisseurs, 
 from the splendid collection of 
 ancient marbles, pictures, &c. 
 which formerly decorated and 
 gave dignity to the place. The 
 statues, &c. were presented iiji 
 the year 1755 to the University 
 of Oxford, by Henrietta Louisa, 
 Countess of Pomfret, a lady 
 distinguished for her literary 
 talents. 
 
Gixinhprotiqh 
 hhif* 
 
 * t m 
 
 Brockhall Fui veitMhorpe t , 
 
 FJ.H.xkh^, hr^J v 
 
 JfeetfonJjeck \ / j( j \ ^ 
 
 ( 7(///■( ■hJinimpI 1 ! 
 Havpole L ) % / ^ 
 
 R | 
 
 *^JSnqstJwi 
 
 %^rORTHA3IPT(M 
 
 _ 
 
ItOUTE. 
 
 53 
 
 The name of Weedon Royal is 
 modern, and has arisen from a 
 large military depot for arms, 
 stores, &c., erected and formed 
 during the late war. The mili¬ 
 tary buildings, called the De¬ 
 pot, consist of the governor’s 
 house; also barracks, with se¬ 
 veral spacious store-houses for 
 artillery, musquets, ammuni¬ 
 tion, &c. A cut for the Grand 
 Junction Canal is formed to 
 communicate with the store¬ 
 houses here ; and by this canal 
 the stores and troops can be 
 readily and cheaply conveyed 
 to almost any part of England. 
 
 At the Globe inn, Weedon, 
 some of the coaches stop for 
 refreshment; others at Daven- 
 try, and the remainder at Dun- 
 church. From Weedon, the 
 road turns to the left, towards 
 
 Braunston, a small village on 
 the borders of Warwickshire, 
 where the Oxford canal joins 
 the line of the Grand Junction. 
 The church, which is a large 
 handsome structure, has a fine 
 octangular spire (150 feet in 
 height), with crockettedangles. 
 
 Dunchurch, although only a 
 village, contains many good 
 houses, presenting the appear¬ 
 ance of a small market-town; 
 at the north extremity an obe¬ 
 lisk has been erected, in the 
 place of a cross which formerly 
 stood here. The church is cu¬ 
 rious from presenting various 
 styles of architecture; the door¬ 
 ways of the aisles are orna¬ 
 mented with rich mouldings. 
 From Dunchurch to Rugby 
 station the distance must be at 
 least 5 miles; although most of 
 the Itineraries state it to be but 
 2i miles to the town of Rugby, 
 and only half a mile from the 
 station. 
 
 244 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Canal 
 
 32 \ 
 
 Daventry, a very ancient 
 town, and certainly a place of 
 note at the Norman conquest, 
 contains many good houses and 
 inns, and being the thorough¬ 
 fare to Chester and the north¬ 
 west country, derived its princi¬ 
 pal support from the travellers 
 that pass through it. 
 
 Here are some remains of a 
 priory, now inhabited by poor 
 families. The place is easily 
 discovered by several gothic 
 windows, and a door accessible 
 only by a long flight of steps. 
 Four Cluniac monks were 
 originally placed at Preston 
 Capes, in this county, by Hugh 
 de Leycester, sheriff of the 
 county, but, finding the situa¬ 
 tion inconvenient for want of 
 water, he built a priory here, 
 to which place he removed 
 them about the year 1090; it 
 was dedicated to St. Augustine, 
 and was subordinate to St. 
 Mary de Caritate. This house 
 was most richly endowed, a 
 circumstance that did not es¬ 
 cape the keen observation of 
 Cardinal Wolsey, for it was one 
 of the monasteries dissolved by 
 the permission of Pope Cle¬ 
 ment VII. and King Henry 
 VIII., and granted to the Car¬ 
 dinal for the purpose of erect ing 
 his intended new colleges of 
 Ipswich and Christ-church in 
 Oxford. The conventual was 
 afterwards made the parochial 
 church. 
 
 The steep and dangerous hill 
 at Braunston has been avoided 
 by a new line carried down a 
 small valley on the north side 
 of the old road ; and the valley 
 west of the village has been 
 filled up, and rendered safe and 
 commodious. 
 
 E 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
5\> 
 
 ROUTE, 
 
 P.UuBY STATIOST. 
 
 29 Miles from Birmingham. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train.3 p.m. 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train.30m. past 10 
 
 Second Train.30m. past 1 
 
 Third Train . 0m. past 3 
 
 TIME of DEPARTURE of the 
 TRAINS for BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train.- • • 30m. past 2 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train .30m. past 2 
 
 Second Train.30m. past 4 
 
 Third Train .* • 8 p.m. 
 
 There are no Road-posts between Rugby and Bir¬ 
 mingham; but, to mark the distances, the miles, half- 
 miles, and quarter-miles are painted on short pieces of 
 boards stuck into the road on the right side, com¬ 
 mencing at 29, and diminishing as you approach Bir¬ 
 mingham. 
 
 ^eft. 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 ToBilton. 2 
 
 Birdingbury . 7i 
 
 Dunchurch-.. 3.i 
 
 Frankton. 6 } 
 
 Granborough. 6 J 
 
 Harborough Magna- 2£ 
 
 Hill Moreton. 2} 
 
 Kilsby.. • • 5} 
 
 Leamington Hastings • • 8 
 Marten 
 Rugby 
 Stockton 
 W ibtoft 
 Withybrook 
 Wolston 
 Yelvertoft 
 
 XligTit. 
 
 Distance of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 To Ashby Magna .IIJ 
 
 Bitteswell . 73 
 
 Brinklow •. • 4J 
 
 Churchover . 3 J 
 
 Church Lawford. 3 i 
 
 Clifton. 2 i 
 
 Crick. Gi 
 
 Gilmorton . 9 J 
 
 Husbands Bosworth •• 11 
 
 Leicester . 173 
 
 Lubbenham . 15 J 
 
 Lutterworth . GJ 
 
 Market Harborough 17J 
 
 Misterton . 7 $ 
 
 Newbold-on-Avon ..... 1 
 
 Peatling Magna. 13 $ 
 
 Swinford-.-.. 5 \ 
 
 Welford . 93 
 
 8 } 
 
 * 
 
 9J 
 
 8 | 
 
 7i 
 
 51 
 
 Gh 
 
 29 
 
 Emban. 
 
ROUTE, 
 
 55 
 
 hughy. In the ninth year of 
 Queen Elizabeth, a school was 
 founded here by Lawrence She¬ 
 riff', a grocer of London. It 
 was originally a free grammar 
 school, for the children of the pa¬ 
 rishioners of Rugby and Browm- 
 soever only, but afterwards for 
 those of other places adjoining 
 thereto. 
 
 He directed that “ a fair and 
 con ven ien t school-house should 
 be erected;*’ and in order to 
 defray the expenses of this in¬ 
 stitution, and a range of alms¬ 
 houses on the same foundation, 
 Lawrence Sheriff - bequeathed 
 the revenues arising from the 
 rectory of Brownsoever, and a 
 third part of twenty-four acres 
 of land, situate in Lamb’s Con¬ 
 duit-fields, London, and termed 
 the Conduit-close. 
 
 The present trustees of Rug¬ 
 by school are twelve in number, 
 by whom regular meetings are 
 held, and in the month of 
 August an annual examination 
 takes place before them. 
 
 Fifteen exhibitions have been 
 instituted, and the exhibitioners 
 are allowed £40 per annum, to 
 assist in their support, for seven 
 years, in any college or hall they 
 may choose for residence in 
 either university. These are 
 termed “ Lawrence Sheriff’s 
 exhibitioners,” and the vacan¬ 
 cies are filled up at the annual 
 examinations above referred to, 
 which is attended by a member 
 of each of the universities, Ox¬ 
 ford and Cambridge, appointed 
 for that purpose by their re¬ 
 spective vice-chancellors. 
 
 Compared with the elegant 
 mansion lately erected as a re¬ 
 sidence for the headmaster, his 
 former habitation was an hum¬ 
 ble tenement; and the school¬ 
 rooms were made commensu¬ 
 rate with the limited nature of 
 the establishment, and were 
 built at different times, as its 
 funds were found to improve. 1 
 
 These accumulated so much, 
 that the trustees, after a meet¬ 
 ing, which took place in Lon¬ 
 don, in May 180 {j, determined 
 upon building a new edifice, 
 and they obtained authority 
 from the Lord Chancellor for 
 that purpose. 
 
 The new structure is erected 
 nearly on the same spot where 
 the old buildings stood, at the 
 southern extremity of the town, 
 and it has an august and com¬ 
 manding appearance. It is upon 
 a large scale, and is built of 
 brick, but the angles, cornices, 
 and dressings to the windows 
 and openings are principally of 
 Attleborough stone. 
 
 The style of architecture is 
 that which prevailed at the 
 period in which the school was 
 originally founded in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth. The prin¬ 
 cipal front is towards thesouth, 
 which extends 220 feet. 
 
 A gateway opposite the street 
 forms the entrance to the 
 schools, and leads to the prin¬ 
 cipal court,—an area 90 feet 
 long by 75 feet wide, with a col¬ 
 legiate cloister on the east, 
 south, anti west sides. 
 
 Several new buildings have 
 been erected, to accommodate 
 the boys as boarding-houses. 
 
 The head master is said to 
 have as much influence and 
 authority in the town as that 
 possessed by the prior of a con¬ 
 vent in ancient times, and is 
 sometimes invested with the 
 magisterial functions; his house 
 is of an elegant and sumptuous 
 character, suited to the condi¬ 
 tion of a rich and flourishing 
 institution. 
 
 Rugby church is a plain 
 building, dedicated to St. An¬ 
 drew. The dissenters have also 
 several places of worship. 
 
 Inns at Rugby are the Spread 
 Eagle and George. 
 
 28 h 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Level 
 
 28 
 
 Emban. 
 
 27 f 
 Excav. 
 
 27h 
 
 Emban. 
 
 27 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 i 
 
56 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 Hilton. A parish in the Rug¬ 
 by division of Knightlow, coun¬ 
 ty of Warwick, 1J mile from 
 Rugby, containing 500 inhabi¬ 
 tants. The living is a rectory 
 in the archdeanery of Coventry, 
 and diocese of Litchfield and 
 Coventry, rated at £16.10s.7|d. 
 in the King’s books. There is 
 a free school, endowed in 1783 
 by L. Freeman, Esq. 
 
 Church Lauford. A parish 
 in the Rugby division of the 
 hundred of Knightlow, four 
 miles from Rugby, containing 
 400 inhabitants. The living, 
 which is in the gift of Lord 
 Montague, is a rectory, rated in 
 the King’s books at £11. 15s. 5d, 
 The church is dedicated to St. 
 Peter. 
 
 26} 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Exeav. 
 
 26 £ 
 
 Emban. 
 
 26 
 
 25£ 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 25h 
 
 Excav. 
 
 25 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 New house, to be let, unfur¬ 
 nished —perfectly so, within and 
 without! 
 
 244 
 
 Bridge 
 
 The land on each side fre¬ 
 quently inundated. 
 
 23 f 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Wolstone Heath. 
 
 231 
 
 Close to the railroad are the 
 ruins of Brandon Castle. 
 
 The house having the ap¬ 
 pearance of a gentleman’s seat 
 is Brandon Academy. 
 
 White building—a silk-ma¬ 
 nufactory. 
 
 The winding of the Avon pre¬ 
 sents a pretty object. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 22 \ 
 Excav. 
 
 22 \ 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Netvhold-upon-Avon. A parish 
 in the Rugby division. The liv¬ 
 ing is a vicarage in the arch¬ 
 deaconry of Coventry. The 
 rivers Avon and Swift run 
 through the parish, in which 
 are extensive lime-works. 
 
 Binklotv lies some distance 
 from the line. Formerly a cas¬ 
 tle stood here belonging to the 
 family of Mowbray, and subse¬ 
 quently to that of De Stute- 
 ville : to a member of the latter 
 family. King John granted the 
 permission to hold a weekly 
 market — long discontinued. 
 The Oxford Canal crosses the 
 parish, and in its course through 
 it is twice intersected by the 
 Roman fosse-way, on the line 
 of which there are some traces 
 of an encampment. 
 
 Mill. 
 
 The residence of Mrs, Ilernc. 
 
 Brandon, a hamlet in that 
 part of the parish of Wolstone 
 which is in the Kirby division 
 of the hundred of Knightlow, 
 six miles from Coventry. 
 
 Bridge of fifteen arches across 
 the Avon. 
 
 Bin ley, a parish in the Kirby 
 division of the Hundred of 
 
ROUTE 
 
 57 
 
 Wolstonc, • f )j miles from Co¬ 
 ventry, contains, with the ham¬ 
 lets of Brandon, Bretsford, and 
 Marstone, 1,000 inhabitants. 
 The living is a vicarage, in the 
 diocese of Litchfield and Coven¬ 
 try. The church, which is a 
 large cruciform structure, is de-J 
 dicated to St. Margaret. Am 
 alien priory was founded here 
 soon after the Conquest, which , 1 
 at its suppression, was attached 
 to the Carthusian priory at Co¬ 
 ventry. 
 
 Willenhall contains about 120 
 inhabitants, is 2 ? miles from 
 Coventry, and forms part of 
 the parish of the Holy Trinity, 
 city of Coventry. 
 
 Baginton. Here was anciently 
 a castle, in which the Duke of 
 Hereford, afterwards Henry: 
 IV., lodged, previously to the 
 day appointed for the combat 
 between him and the Duke of 
 Norfolk, in the reign of Rich¬ 
 ard II. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 22 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 21 | 
 
 Bridge 
 
 21 
 
 Bridge 
 
 20J 
 
 Emban. 
 
 jKnightlow, 2} miles from Co- 
 wen try, containing 200 inhabi¬ 
 tants. 
 
 The Avon, which is crossed at 
 the 23-mile-post, enters this 
 county at Bensford-bridge, and 
 adding great beauty to the de¬ 
 lightful territory of Warwick 
 [Castle, as it flows beneath the 
 cliff on which those lofty tow¬ 
 ers, projecting before the town 
 and church of Warwick, are 
 isituated, glides through a 
 icharming country to the cele- 
 jbrated spot of Stratford-on- 
 lAvon, the birth-place of our 
 immortal bard. 
 
 Here the first view of Coven¬ 
 try steeple is obtained. 
 
 Thesidesof theembankments 
 from here nearly to Birming- 
 Jham are planted with small 
 trees. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First T rain.20m. past 2 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train.50m. past 9 
 
 Second Train.50m. past 12 
 
 1 hird Train .20rn. past 2 
 
 COVSSTTaiT STATION. 
 
 18| Miles from Birmingham. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 RUGBY. 
 
 Sundays. 
 
 First Train .. p.m. 
 
 Week Days. 
 
 First Train . 3 p.m. 
 
 Second Train . 5 p.m. 
 
 Third Train .30m. past 8 
 
 ^ Omnibuses attend the arrival of the Trains from the 
 Craven Arms and King's Head Arms. 
 
 E=eft. 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 W A v. Miles. 
 
 Xo Ashow. 51 
 
 Baginton. 21 
 
 Claverdon . 12? 
 
 Cubbington . 
 
 Henly-in-Arden •... 14^ 
 
 18 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 17 | 
 
 Emban. 
 
 SSI gilt. 
 
 Distances of Towns and Villages 
 from this Station. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 ToAllesley. 2 J 
 
 Atherstone . 14 
 
 Bedworth . 5J 
 
 Bulkington. (ij 
 
 Barbach . 12£ 
 
58 
 
 COVENTRY STATION. 
 
 To Honily. 
 
 Kenilworth ........ 
 
 Knowle . 
 
 Leamington Priors- • 
 
 Leek Wootton. 
 
 Offchurch . 
 
 Packwood . 
 
 Radford Semile. 
 
 Rowington. 
 
 Stretton . 
 
 Stoneleigh. 
 
 Temple Balsall. 
 
 Wapenbury .. 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Weston. 
 
 7 
 
 43 
 
 103 
 
 8 
 7 
 83 
 
 12.J 
 
 10 
 
 101 
 
 <3i 
 
 31 
 
 9 
 
 17 * 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 16J 
 
 Bridge 
 
 16f 
 
 o; 
 
 93 
 
 63 
 
 Emban. 
 
 To Chilvers Coton........ 83 
 
 COLESHILL . 
 
 
 Corley. 
 
 
 Fillongley. 
 
 .... fiJ 
 
 Foleshill. 
 
 .... 2] 
 
 Hinckley . 
 
 .... 133 
 
 Maxtoke . 
 
 .... 93 
 
 Meriden. 
 
 
 Nuneaton . 
 
 . 8| 
 
 Over Whitacre .... 
 
 . 95 
 
 Paekington, Great 
 
 .... 73 
 
 - Little 
 
 .... 9 
 
 Stoke . 
 
 
 W olvey . 
 
 
 Hotels .—The Craven Arms, King’s Head, Castle, 
 and City Hotel: the latter is a reasonable and com¬ 
 fortable small house. 
 
 Coaches from Coventry. 
 
 To Leamington and Warwick, through Kenilworth, morning, 7, 9, and 
 11; afternoon, 3, 4, and J past 6. 
 
 To Leicester, through Bedworth, Nuneaton, and Hunckley, 3 before 10 
 every morning; J past 2 and 5 evening (Sunday excepted). 
 
 To Cheltenham, every day (Sunday excepted), mornings, 7 and 11. 
 
 To Stratford-on-Avon, every day except Sunday, morning, 7 and 11; 
 afternoon 3.—To Atherstone, afternoon, 5, every day except Sunday. 
 
 Coventry. 
 
 A pleasantly situated city; the streets in general are 
 narrow, and composed of very ancient buildings. 
 Before the cathedral was taken down, Coventry pos¬ 
 sessed a matchless group of churches, all standing 
 within one cemetery. St. Michael’s, at present, is a 
 specimen of the most beautiful steeple in Europe: a 
 tower enriched with saintly figures on the sides, an 
 octagon rising out of it, and that lengthened into a 
 most beautiful spire. 
 
 The religious public edifices of Coventry are truly 
 worthy of attention. The churches are three in 
 number ; that of St. Michael is a beautiful specimen 
 of the Gothic, or English, style. The first building 
 
COVENTRY. 
 
 59 
 
 on this spot, dedicated to this saint, stood in the reign 
 of King Stephen, when Ralph, Earl of Chester, ren¬ 
 dered it to the monks of Coventry, and it was then 
 called the chapel of Saint Michael. In the 44th of 
 H enry III. the church here was regularly appro¬ 
 priated to the prior and monks. The most ancient 
 part of this fine structure is the steeple, begun in 1373, 
 and finished in 1395. It was built at the charge of 
 William and Adam Botoner, several times mayors of 
 Coventry. An elevation more delicate in symmetry, 
 more chastely ornamented, or more striking in gene¬ 
 ral character, was, perhaps, never designed by the 
 greatest school of builders. It commences in a square 
 tower, no portion of which remains blank, though 
 no superfluous ornament can be perceived. The win¬ 
 dows are well-proportioned, and the buttresses emi¬ 
 nently light. The figures of saints are introduced in 
 various niches, and each division is enriched with a 
 bold, but not redundant, spread of embroidery work 
 and embossed carving. The tower is one-hundred 
 and thirty-six feet three inches in height; and on it 
 stands an octagonal prism, thirty-two feet six inches 
 high, supported by eight springing arches of graceful 
 and easy character. The octagon is surmounted by 
 a battlement from within, which proceeds to a spire 
 one-hundred and thirty feet nine inches in height, 
 adorned with fluting, and embossed so as to resemble 
 pilasters. The beauties of this steeple are so evident 
 to the common eye, that nothing else is wanting to 
 impress them on the attention. It is therefore not 
 
60 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 astonishing that Sir Christopher Wren pronounced 
 this structure a master-piece of building. 
 
 The body of St. Michael’s church is supposed to 
 have been erected in the time of Henry VI., and 
 mostly in the early part of his reign : in his latter years 
 he once attended religious service here. The interior 
 consists of a body and two side-aisles, divided by lofty 
 arches, with clustered pillars. The windows of the 
 upper story, running along the whole of the sides, are 
 ornamented with ancient painted glass, expressive of 
 various religious subjects. The ceiling is of oak, 
 ribbed and carved. On each side of the nave is a 
 gallery, with a good organ. The steeple contains a 
 melodious peal of bells, which were put up in 1429, 
 but it was thought proper, in 1794, to construct a 
 frame-work within the tower; and, in 1807, the whole 
 were hung afresh, upon an improved plan, at which 
 time the tenor, weighing upwards of thirty-two hun¬ 
 dred, was re-cast. 
 
 Trinity church being situated so near as it is to 
 St. Michael’s, loses much in estimation as a structure, 
 from the comparison inevitably forced on the specta¬ 
 tor’s mind. This building approaches to the cruciform 
 character; and from the centre rises a square tower, 
 out of which a lofty spire directly issues. The origi¬ 
 nal spire was blown down in the year 1664, and 
 re-built in 1667. The entire height from the ground 
 is two-hundred and thirty-seven feet. The faces of 
 the tower have been highly worked, though with 
 much less delicacy than that of St. Michael’s. The 
 
COVENTRY. 
 
 61 
 
 east end of Trinity church was taken down in 1786, 
 and lebuilt as nearly as possible in its original man¬ 
 ner. 
 
 Coventry is divided into wards, and is governed by 
 a mayor, aldermen, and common-council-men. The 
 mayor and aldermen are justices of the peace for the 
 city and county. In 1G83, the city charter was re¬ 
 newed with various alterations. There are four 
 annual fairs; the most important of these was granted 
 by Henry TIL, and, according to the charter, is per¬ 
 mitted to continue eight days. The procession con¬ 
 nected with this fair is founded upon the fantastical 
 story of Lady Godiva. Respecting the origin of this 
 fair, it has been observed : “ That there was a convent 
 here in early times, appears from the testimony of 
 John Rous, and of Leland, who says it was founded 
 by King Canute ; and that when the traitor Edric 
 ravished this country, in 1016, he burnt the nunnery 
 of this city, of which a holy virgin, St. Osburgh, had 
 been abbess. On its ruins, Leofric, fifth Earl of Mer¬ 
 cia, and his countess, Godiva, founded a monastery for 
 an abbot and twenty-four Benedictine monks, dedi¬ 
 cated to the Virgin Mary, St. Peter, and St. Osburgh. 
 
 “ Leofric and his lady both died about the latter end 
 of the reign of Edward the Confessor, and were buried 
 in the church of the abbey they had founded. The 
 former seems to have been the first lord of this city, 
 and the latter its greatest benefactor; as will appear 
 from the following tradition, which has given rise to 
 the above-mentioned procession, and which is not 
 
 p 
 
62 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 only firmly believed at Coventrj', but is recorded by 
 many of our historians. 
 
 “ The earl had granted the convent and city many 
 valuable privileges; but the inhabitants having of¬ 
 fended him, he imposed on them very heavy taxes; 
 for the great lords, to whom the towns belonged un¬ 
 der the Anglo-Saxons, had that privilege. The peo¬ 
 ple complained grievously of the severity of the taxes, 
 and applied to Godiva, the earl’s lady, a person of 
 great piety and virtue, to intercede in their favour. 
 She willingly complied with their request; but the 
 earl remained inexorable. He, however, told his lady, 
 that were she to ride naked through the streets of the 
 city, he would remit the tax; meaning that no persua¬ 
 sion whatever should prevail with him ; for it is not to 
 be supposed that he could imagine that his lady, who 
 was remarkable for her modest}', would condescend 
 to expose herself in so singular and indecent a man¬ 
 ner to the populace. The lady, however, sensibly 
 touched by the distress of the city, generously resolved 
 to relieve it, even on the terms proposed; and being 
 happy in fine flowing locks, rode decently covered to 
 her very feet with her lovely tresses.” 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Coventry, on the south¬ 
 east, stood a monastery belonging to the Carthusians, 
 of which William, Lord Zouch, of Ilarringworth, 
 was the founder; and, in 1385, Richard II. honoured 
 it by becoming its titular founder. The remains of 
 this structure are trifling, but a commodious dwelling- 
 house has been raised on its site, which is called the 
 
COVENTRY. 63 
 
 Charter House. In the garden are many small doors 
 that were formerly entrances to the cells. 
 
 Two parliaments have been held in this city, in 
 the great chamber of the priory. The first, in the 
 year 1404, by Henry IV., was styled Parliamentum 
 Indoctorum , from its inveteracy against the clergy, 
 whose revenues it was determined not to spare, 
 whence also it was called the Laymen’s Parliament. 
 The other was held in the chapter-house of the 
 priory, in the year 1459, by Henry VI., and was 
 called Parliamentum Diabolicum, by reason of the 
 number of attainders passed against Richard Duke 
 of York and his adherents. This city sends two 
 members to Parliament. 
 
 Travellers in their walks through the city are some¬ 
 times shewn a chamber in Gosford-street, noted for 
 the melancholy end of Mary Clues, who was almost 
 consumed by fire in February 1772. In consequence 
 of her excessive drinking, she had been confined to 
 her bed a considerable time. The evening previous 
 to the accident, she was left with a rushlight on the 
 chair by the head of the bed. The next morning a 
 great smoke was perceived in the room. On burst¬ 
 ing the door open, some flames appeared that were 
 easily extinguished. The remains of the woman lay 
 on the floor, but the furniture of the room was only 
 slightly damaged, the bed superficially burnt. Her 
 body is supposed to have become as inflammable as 
 a lamp, and that falling out of bed she took fire by the 
 candle, as her bones appeared to be entirely calcined. 
 
64 
 
 STRATFORD-OET-AVOHT. 
 
 It may not be uninteresting- to insert an account 
 of this handsome and well-built town. 
 
 It is approached by a fine stone bridge thrown over 
 the river Avon, 376 yards in length. A stone pillar, 
 placed on the third pier from the east end, bears this 
 inscription, “-Sir Hugh Clopton, knight, Lord Mayor 
 of London, built this bridge at his own proper ex¬ 
 pense, in the reign of Henry y e Seventh.” 
 
 The town of Stratford consists of twelve principal 
 streets, and presents a cheerful, though not a busy, 
 aspect. It is well paved and extremely clean. The 
 different fires that occurred towards the close of the 
 sixteenth, and early in the seventeenth centuries, 
 have destroyed much of its ancient simplicity of 
 domestic character. There are, however, some speci¬ 
 mens remaining of houses, which must have been 
 constructed anterior to Shakspeare’s time. The 
 buildings of later erection are, in general, neat and 
 commodious, and many handsome and capacious 
 dwellings occur in various parts of the town. 
 
 New Place , the residence of Shakspeare when he 
 had attained comparative affluence, according to Mr. 
 Wheeler’s History of Stratford, was originally erected 
 by Sir Hugh Clopton, knight, in the time of Henry 
 VII., and being then called The Great House, was 
 probably the largest in the town. The property after¬ 
 wards passed to the Underhall family, and from them 
 it was purchased by Shakspeare, in 1597, who ha\ing 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 65 
 
 repaired and modelled it to his own mind, changed 
 the name to that of New Place, which, in 1753, came 
 to the Rev. Francis Gastrell, vicar of Frodsham, in 
 Cheshire; who having- an aversion to any inquiries 
 after the remains of Shakspeare, made the celebrated 
 mulberry-tree, planted by the hand of that great poet, 
 the first object of his vengeance. Being then remark¬ 
 ably large, and at its full growth, he not only ordered 
 it to be cut down, but to be cleft in pieces for fire¬ 
 wood. This occurred in the year 1756; but the greater 
 part of the wood being purchased by Mr. Thomas 
 Sharp, of Stratford, he turned it to considerable ad¬ 
 vantage by converting every fragment into small 
 boxes, goblets, &c. Nor did the buildings of New 
 Place long escape the destroying hand of Mr. Gas¬ 
 trell ; for, as he was compelled to pay the monthly 
 assessments for the maintenance of the poor, because 
 he resided part of the year at Lichfield, though his 
 servants remained at Stratford, he declared that house 
 should never be assessed again, and in 1759 he razed 
 the building to the ground, disposed of the materials, 
 and left Stratford, .amidst the rage and curses of its 
 inhabitants. The site of New Place being- afterwards 
 added to the garden adjoining, it was sold in 1775 by 
 Mr. GastrelPs widow. 
 
 The public buildings in Stratford are of a highly 
 respectable class. The church, a spacious and vene¬ 
 rable structure, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It 
 is built cathedral-wise, and surmounted by a square 
 tower, rather low. An octagonal spire of stone has 
 
 f 3 
 
66 
 
 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 taken place of one of wood, and the different parts of 
 the church have been built at various periods, though 
 mostly in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The 
 approach to this structure is through a long avenue of 
 lime-trees, the foliage of which is so intermingled in 
 summer as to produce a solemn, but yet a grateful 
 shade. The church, standing on the margin of the 
 Avon, is embosomed in lofty and “ time-honoured ” 
 elms. The interior is divided into a nave, two aisles, 
 a transept, and a chancel; the nave is formed bv six 
 hexagonal pillars, supporting pointed arches. Over 
 a gothic door-way, forming an entrance on the west, 
 are three niches, formerly containing statues, above 
 which is a fine window, nearly the width of the nave. 
 At the eastern termination, where two altars formerly 
 stood, is now placed a good organ. The south side 
 was rebuilt in the beginning of the fourteenth century, 
 by John de Stratford, Bishop of Winchester, and at 
 
 the east end he founded a chapel dedicated to Thomas 
 
 % 
 
 a Becket. The east end of the north aisle contained 
 a chapel dedicated to the Holy Virgin, now entirely 
 occupied by the monuments of the Clopton family. 
 The chancel, a fine building-, was erected by Dr. 
 Thomas Balsall, warden of the college of Stratford, 
 in the fifteenth century. The five large uniform win¬ 
 dows on each side were formerly ornamented with 
 painted glass. There are several recesses in the walls, 
 and round the western end is a range of stalls, with 
 their lower parts carved in a curious and very gro¬ 
 tesque manner. The monuments and inscriptions are 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ - 
 
 
 • . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *i 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■’ 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 f 
 
 0 
 
 '■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 *.r 
 
 
 
r&Blo.vwii-h 
 
 Walsall 
 
 PT GE 
 
 WextBl'OlUH'llb 
 
 Smsthwitk 
 
 TLii'borne 
 
 Sutton' 
 
 T H<tU Green 
 
 Solihu 
 
 e sh 1 11 
 
 Jjk i-i-nhiH 
 
 TJHith 
 
 Shustohe 
 Ober WJntacre, 
 
 rbnmpfSA 
 
 inffinnwtf 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 67 
 
 numerous. All that is earthly of the incomparable 
 Shakspeare lies on the north side of the chancel, 
 beneath a stone which has this inscription ; 
 
 ** Good Friend for Jesus Sake Forbeare, 
 
 To Digg the Dust Enclosed Heare ; 
 
 Bless be ye Man yt Spares Thes Stones, 
 
 And Curst be He yt Moves my Bones. 
 
 About five feet from the floor, on the north wall, is 
 the monument; as inarched between two corinthian 
 columns of black marble, with gilded bases and 
 capitals, is placed the half-length effigies of Shak¬ 
 speare, with a cushion before him, a pen in his right 
 hand, and his left resting on a scroll. Above the en¬ 
 tablature are his armorial bearings, the Arden arms 
 and crest; the tilting-spear point upwards, and the 
 falcon, supporting a spear, for the crest. Over the 
 arms, at the pinnacle of the monument, is a death’s 
 head ; and on each side is a boy figure in a sitting 
 attitude, one holding a spade, and the other, whose 
 eyes are closed, bearing with the left hand an inverted 
 torch, and resting the right upon a chapless scull. 
 The effigies of Shakspeare was originally coloured so 
 as to resemble life, and the appearance, before touched 
 by innovation, is thus described : “ The eyes were of 
 a light hazel, and the hair and beard auburn. The 
 dress consisted of a scarlet doublet, over which was a 
 loose black gown without sleeves. The lower part of 
 the cushion before him was of a crimson colour, and 
 the upper part green, with gilt tassels” In the year 
 1/41, this monument was repaired, at the instance of 
 
68 
 
 STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 a travelling- company of players, who raised money 
 for that purpose by performing in Stratford the play 
 of ‘ Othello.’ In this repair, the colours originally 
 bestowed on the effigies were carefully restored by a 
 limner, residing in the town; but in 1793, the bust 
 and figures above it were painted white at the request 
 of Mr. Malone. 
 
 Beneath the bust are the following lines, probably 
 by Ben Jonson:— 
 
 Judicio Pylium, Genio Socratem, Arte Maronem 
 Terra Tegit, Populus Mckret, Olumpus Mabkt. 
 
 Stay Passenger, Why Goest Thou By So Fast 
 Read If Thou Canst, Whom Envious Death hath Plast 
 Within This Monument, Shakespeare With Whome 
 Quick Nature Dide; Whose Workes Doth Deck ys Tombe, 
 
 Far More Then Cost; Sieh All yt He Hath Writt, 
 
 Leaves Living Art, but Page to Serve His Witt. 
 
 Obiit Ano Doi., 1G1G, AStatus 53, Die 23 Ap. 
 
 The bust was evidently executed by a sculptor of 
 some taste and skill, and is certainly an estimable 
 relic, as we are fairly warranted in supposing that it 
 was approved on the score of resemblance by those 
 relatives familiar with Shakepeare’s person, under 
 whose direction the monument was erected. The eye¬ 
 brows are strongly marked ; the forehead unusually 
 high ; the head nearly bald; and the face evincing an 
 habitual composure. The remains of the wife of 
 Shakspeare, who died in August 1623, at the age of 
 67, lie between the grave of her husband and the 
 north wall of the chancel. On a brass plate which 
 expresses her age, &e. are written some pious Latin 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 69 
 
 verses, probably by her son-in-law, Dr. Hall. Two 
 other flat stones denote the place of the interment of 
 Shakspeare’s beloved daughter, Susanna, and her 
 husband John Hall, the physician. A copy of some 
 English verses, formerly upon Mrs. Hall’s tomb, are 
 preserved in Dugdale ; but these were many years 
 since purposely obliterated to make room for another 
 inscription on the same stone for Richard Watts, no 
 relation to the Shakspeare family. 
 
 The crypt, or charnel-house, formerly attached to 
 Stratford church, was an object of much curiosity, 
 and was not demolished till the year 1800. Here 
 was a vast assemblage of human bones, probably 
 the collection of several ages, though it is supposed 
 the custom was discontinued at the Reformation, 
 as no addition had been made to them in the me¬ 
 mory of the oldest inhabitant living in the last cen¬ 
 tury. 
 
 1 he guild of the Holy Cross was founded at Strat¬ 
 ford at a very early period, but the exact time is not 
 known. The possessions of the fraternity remained 
 in the crown till the seventh of Edward VI., and the 
 chapel belonging to them is a considerable ornament 
 to the town. In 1804, when this chapel was repaired, 
 it was accidentally discovered that the interior face 
 of the walls had been embellished with fresco-paint¬ 
 ings, and some accumulated coats of white-wash were 
 dexterously removed ; however, the execution of these 
 paintings was much too good for the trite subjects of 
 popes and emperors, priests and purgatory dragons, 
 
70 
 
 STlt AT FORD-ON- A VON. 
 
 and devils, with reprobates, &c., hastening 1 to the 
 infernal regions. 
 
 The Guildhall, on the south of the chapel, is sup¬ 
 posed to have been built by Robert de Stratford, 
 towards the end of the thirteenth century. The lower 
 part is now used for public business, and the upper as 
 a grammar-school, founded in the reign of Henry VI. 
 by an ecclesiastic, named Jolepe. Contiguous to the 
 Guildhall are alms-houses, where twelve poor men, 
 and as many women, receive five shillings each per 
 week, besides apparel, &c. 
 
 The Town Hall is a fine structure of the Tuscan 
 order, erected in 1768. On the west front are placed 
 the arms of the corporation, and in a niche, at the 
 north end, is a good picture of Shakspeare, painted 
 by Gainsborough, and presented for the purpose 
 by Garrick ; and on a scroll are some lines from 
 ‘ Hamlet:’— 
 
 ** Take him for all in all. 
 
 We ne’er shall look upon his like again." 
 
 Another inscription records the rebuilding of this 
 edifice in 17GB, by the corporation and the inhabi¬ 
 tants, &c. The chief room of this building is sixty 
 feet long by thirty, and is adorned by the portraits of 
 Shakspeare, Garrick, and John Frederic, late Duke 
 of Dorset. 
 
 If ever any author merited the celebration of a 
 periodical festival, Shakspeare certainly called for 
 that distinguished honour. Many persons of high 
 rank and approved taste had admired ; many excel- 
 
STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 
 
 71 
 
 lent critics and‘commentators on this divine bard had 
 exerted their talents in the illustration of his text, 
 and bestowed upon his writings a profusion of just 
 panegyric; but the idea of a jubilee, or grand festival 
 to his honour, was reserved to David Garrick. 
 
 This judicious and well-timed compliment gave 
 rise to the Jubilee of Shakspeare. In September, 
 1769, an amphitheatre was erected at Stratford, upon 
 the plan of Ranelagh, decorated with various devices. 
 Transparencies were invented for the town-house, 
 through which the poet’s most striking characters 
 were seen. A small old house, where Shakspeare 
 was born, was covered over with a curious emblema¬ 
 tical transparency; the subject was the sun struggling 
 through clouds to enlighten the world, a figurative 
 representation of the fate and fortunes of the much- 
 beloved bard. The Jubilee lasted three days, during 
 which time, entertainments of oratorios, concerts, 
 pageants, fire-works, &c. were presented to a very 
 brilliant and numerous company, assembled from all 
 parts of the kingdom. Many persons of the highest 
 quality and rank of both sexes, some of the most 
 celebrated beauties of the age, and men distin¬ 
 guished for their genius and love of the elegant arts, 
 thought themselves happy to fill the grand chorus of 
 this high festival. 
 
ROUTE 
 
 79 
 
 I (V 
 
 Warwick is a delightfully-si-j 
 tuated, dean, and populous' 
 borough and market-town, con-! 
 taining about 10,000 inhabi- 
 bitants. Historians agree that 
 it was a considerable town prior 
 to the Roman invasion. The 
 Romans, to secure their con¬ 
 quests in this part of the coun¬ 
 try, erected several fortresses 
 on the banks of the Avon: War¬ 
 wick Castle is supposed to be 
 one. The present town is com¬ 
 paratively modern, as, after the 
 fire which occurred in 1694, and 
 nearly destroyed the town, it 
 was rebuilt with more magni 
 licence, and the freestone for 
 the superstructure was dug from 
 the quarries of the rock on 
 which it was founded. The 
 streets, which are spacious and 
 regular, all meet in the centre 
 of the town, which is served 
 with water by pipes, from 
 springs half-a-mile off. 
 
 Though populous, the town 
 of Warwick has but two parish- 
 churches ; it had formerly six, 
 and as many monasteries. The 
 hospital of St. Michael, found¬ 
 ed by Roger, Earl of Warwick, 
 the latter end of the reign of 
 Henry I., still exists. In the 
 north-east suburb was the hos¬ 
 pital of St.John the Baptist, 
 founded by William, Earl of 
 Warwick, in the reign of Henry 
 II., chiefly for the entertain¬ 
 ment of strangers and travellers. 
 
 Here is a handsome town- 
 hall, of free-stone, supported 
 by pillars, in which are held the 
 assizes and quarter - sessions; i 
 also three charity schools, an 
 hospital for twelve decayed gen¬ 
 tlemen, another for eight poor 
 women, and two others for un¬ 
 fortunate tradesmen. 
 
 Warwick Castle stands on the 
 northern bank of the river 
 Avon. The a?ra of its first erec¬ 
 tion is doubtful; neither are 
 the founders better ascertained. 
 
 16 f 
 
 Gates 
 
 Excav. 
 
 J6^ 
 
 Emban. 
 
 15? 
 
 Gates 
 
 Gates 
 
 Bridge 
 
 141 
 
 Excav. 
 
 14 
 
 Bridge 
 
 13| 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 Bridge 
 
 131- 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 13 
 
 Emban. 
 
 m 
 
 Gates 
 
 some attributing it to the Ro¬ 
 mans, others to Kimbeline, the 
 British king; and Dugdale as¬ 
 cribes it to Ethelstede, or Ethel- 
 fleda, daughter of King Alfred. 
 The castle belonged to the 
 Crown in the time of King Ed¬ 
 ward the Confessor, as a special 
 strong-hold for the defence of 
 the midland parts of the king¬ 
 dom. Some remains of this an¬ 
 cient work were visible in Dug- 
 dale’s time: the mount is still 
 to be seen on the west side of 
 the present castle. At the con¬ 
 quest, William employed Tur- 
 kill de Warwick to enlarge and 
 fortify it; for which purpose 
 four houses, belonging to the 
 monks of Coventry, were de¬ 
 stroyed; but, on its completion, 
 he entrusted it to the custody 
 of Henry de Newburgh, his 
 countryman, whom he created 
 Earl of W arwick. 
 
 In the time of Henry III., 
 the castle was deemed of such 
 importance, that the king’s pre¬ 
 cept was sent to the Archbishop 
 of York, and William de Can- 
 talupe, for requiring good secu¬ 
 rity of Margery, sister and heir 
 of Thomas, Earl of Warwick, 
 that she should not take to hus¬ 
 band any person whatsoever in 
 whom the king could not re¬ 
 pose trust as in his own self. 
 The chief reason alleged was, 
 the strength of the castle, and 
 its vicinity to the marshes. 
 
 The rock on which this castle 
 stands is forty feet higher than 
 the Avon; but on the north 
 side it is even with the town. 
 From the terrace there is a 
 beautiful prospect. The rooms 
 are adorned with many original 
 paintings by Vandyke ; and 
 there is one apartment not in¬ 
 ferior to any in the royal pa¬ 
 laces. Across the river, near 
 the castle-bridge, is a stone¬ 
 work dam, where the water falls 
 over it as a cascade, under the 
 castle walls. 
 
ROUTE 
 
 73 
 
 Kenilworth Castle was grant¬ 
 ed to Robert Dudley, Earl of 
 Leicester, by Queen Elizabeth. 
 This nobleman expended upon 
 it upwards of £60,000 in im¬ 
 provements. When the whole 
 was completed, the Queen spent 
 here seventeen days, and was 
 entertained with great cost, and 
 a vatiety of shows. 
 
 Farm-house. 
 
 Stoneleigh is 31 miles from 
 Kenilworth. In the neighbour¬ 
 hood is Stoneleigh Abbey, ori¬ 
 ginally founded by Henry II., 
 in the year 1154, for Cistercian 
 monks, which was so rich that 
 at the dissolution it was valued 
 at £128.2.5. Its situation— 
 on an extensive plain, rising 
 gently from the Avon—is pecu¬ 
 liarly beautiful. Of the ancient 
 building, the remains are formed 
 into domestic offices belonging 
 to the modern “ Hall,” erected 
 by the family of Leigh. 
 
 Barston-on-the-hill contains 
 about 350 inhabitants. The liv¬ 
 ing is a perpetual curacy in the 
 
 f ift of the rector of Berkswell. 
 t is 4J miles from Warwick. 
 
 Bridge across the Bligh river. 
 By the side of this splendid 
 modern erection, will be per¬ 
 ceived an ancient bridge. The 
 contrast between old and new 
 times is no where more evident 
 between London and Birming¬ 
 ham. 
 
 Hampton-in- Arden , on the 
 hill, contains, with the villages 
 of Balsal, Knowle, Kinwalsey, 
 and Nuthurst, near 3,000 inha¬ 
 bitants. The church formerly 
 had a lofty spire, which was 
 destroyed by fire in 1643. Henry 
 III. granted a charter for a fair 
 
 Berkswell, a parish in the 
 Solihull division of the Hun¬ 
 dred of Hemlingford, county of 
 Warwick, six miles from Co¬ 
 ventry. This living is a rec¬ 
 tory; patron. Sir Eardly Wil- 
 mot. There is an endowment of 
 £75 a-year for the support of 
 a school, and other charitable 
 purposes. 
 
 On the right (out of sight', 
 Berkswell Court, the seat of 
 Sir Eardly Wilmot. 
 
 Meriden, a village contain¬ 
 ing 1,000 inhabitants. The 
 church (the patronage of which 
 is in the Earl of Aylesford) has 
 been enlarged by a grant from 
 the Society for Building and 
 Enlarging Churches and Cha¬ 
 pels. It lies six miles W.N.W, 
 from Coventry. 
 
 Cole shill, a market-town,plea¬ 
 santly situated on a hill. The 
 spire of the church, which was 
 formerly fifteen feet higher, 
 may be seen from many parts of 
 the line; but the best view of 
 the town is obtained from the 
 51 mile post. It consists of one 
 long street, and was possessed by 
 Edward theConfessor.and after¬ 
 wards by the Conqueror. It 
 fell, either in his reign or that 
 of William Rufus, into the 
 hands of the Clintons, in whom 
 it continued till the year 1353 , 
 when it passed to Sir John da 
 Mountfort, by virtue of his 
 G 
 
 12 § 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 10 3 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 12 
 
 HI 
 
 Bridge 
 
 HI 
 
 Bridge 
 
 11 
 
 Emban. 
 
 101 
 
 Bridge 
 
 10i 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 9| 
 
74 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 and market, long discontinued. 
 The Birmingham and Warwick 
 Canal passes through the pa¬ 
 rish. The living is a vicarage 
 in the patronage of the Master 
 and Brethren of Leicester Hos¬ 
 pital, in Warwick. The white 
 house near the church “ be¬ 
 longs to the parson, in course,” 
 as "a bumkin smartly answered 
 to my inquiry. 
 
 Formerly, a castle stood here; 
 the entrenchments are still vi¬ 
 sible. 
 
 Bickenhill Church, a parish 
 in Solihull division of the hun¬ 
 dred of Hemlingford, contains, 
 with Lyndon and Marston 
 quarters, 700 inhabitants. The 
 living is a discharged vicarage, 
 in the arch-deaconry of Coven¬ 
 try and diocese of Litchfield, 
 in the patronage of the Earl of 
 Aylesford. The church is dedi¬ 
 cated to St. Peter. 
 
 Solihull, a market town on 
 the high road from Warwick to 
 Birmingham, containing about 
 3,000 inhabitants. The church, 
 which is considered a handsome 
 building, is of the cruciform 
 style, with an embattled tower, 
 and octagonal spire from the 
 intersection; the mouldings 
 and corbels in the interior are 
 very elegant, and there are 
 some fine specimens of screen- 
 work. 
 
 9 h 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Exeav. 
 
 03 
 
 Bridge 
 
 9 * 
 
 Nearly 
 
 Level 
 
 9 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Bridge across the high road 
 from Coventry to Birmingham. 
 
 Sb 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Elmdon, the living of which rr 3 
 
 is a discharged rectory in the .“ 
 archdeaconry of Coventry and linage 
 
 marriage with Joan, daughter 
 of Sir John Clinton. The 
 Mountforts held it till the reign 
 of Henry VII., upon the cruel 
 attainder and execution of Sir 
 Simon Mountfort, for sending 
 J03O by his younger son, Henry, 
 to Perkin Warbeck, on suppo¬ 
 sition that Perkin was the real 
 son of his former master, Ed¬ 
 ward IV. This brought ruin 
 on himself and family. He was 
 tried at Guildhall, in the year 
 1494, and condemned to be 
 drawn through the city, and 
 hanged and quartered at Ty¬ 
 burn. His manor of Coleshill 
 was immediately bestowed on 
 Simon Digby, deputy-constable 
 of the castle, who brought the 
 unfortunate gentleman to the 
 bar. 
 
 In the church, which is an 
 old structure, are numbers of 
 fine tombs. Among others, that 
 of the above-mentioned Simon 
 and his spouse Alice, who lie 
 under a tomb erected by him¬ 
 self. He died in the year 1519. 
 
 The figure of Simon Digby 
 is in armour, with lank hair, 
 and bare-headed. His grand¬ 
 son John, and great-grandson 
 George, are represented in the 
 same manner, with their wives. 
 The first died in 1558, the last 
 in 1586. These are of alabaster, 
 and painted. 
 
 The vicarage is in the gift of 
 Lord Digby. The spire was 
 struck with lightning in the 
 year 1550, when the inhabitants 
 sold one of the bells towards the 
 expense of the repairs. 
 
 Coleshill contains, with two 
 neighbouring villages, not more 
 than 600 inhabitants.. The liv¬ 
 ing is a discharged vicarage; 
 patron, the Earl of Aylesford. 
 
 Maxtoke, formerly noted on 
 account of its priory, founded 
 in the reign of Edward III. for 
 Augustine monks. Part of this 
 abbey is still standing, from 
 which it appears to have been 
 
ROUTE 
 
 75 
 
 diocese of Litchfield and Co¬ 
 ventry, in the gift of the Spoo¬ 
 ner family The tower to the 
 church was put up at the ex¬ 
 pense of A. Spooner, Esq., in 
 1781, at an expense of £3,000. 
 The water to supply the village 
 is forced up by a self-acting 
 engine. 
 
 Excav. 
 
 7 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Marston Green, a village di- gS 
 t tided against itself, the railroad -p . r. 
 having cut through it. itariDan 
 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Take care of your hats ! 
 
 Sheldon, a village in thehun- 
 dred of Hemlingford, contains 
 500 inhabitants. The living, 
 a rectory, in the gift of the 
 Earl of Digby, is rated in the 
 king’s books at £‘8.10s.l0d. The 
 church is principally in the de¬ 
 corative style, with a modern 
 tower. It is one mile from the 
 boundary of the counties of 
 Worcestershire and Warwick¬ 
 shire. 
 
 Yardley is in the county of 
 Worcestershire, 4J miles from 
 Birmingham, containing 2,500 
 inhabitants. The church exhi¬ 
 bits various specimens of archi¬ 
 tecture, with a fine tower and 
 spire, which may be seen at a 
 great distance. The incorpo¬ 
 rated Society for the Enlarge¬ 
 ment of Churches and Chapels 
 have lately granted £100 for 
 that purpose. The poor of the 
 parish are well provided for by 
 various bequests. It was ori¬ 
 ginally the intention to have 
 carried the railroad through or 
 near this village, but the land- 
 owners wanted such long mea¬ 
 sure for their yard, that the 
 directors were obliged to make 
 the great curve which is at this 
 spot. 
 
 6 
 
 Gates 
 
 fc3. 
 
 °4 
 
 Emban. 
 
 5* 
 
 Emban, 
 
 4 - 3 . 
 
 ■*8 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 3f 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Q5. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Si 
 
 Gates 
 
 3 
 
 Emban. 
 
 ox 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Last 
 
 Bridge 
 
 H 
 
 Emban. 
 
 originally a stately and magni¬ 
 ficent structure. 
 
 About a mile from this pri¬ 
 ory, one of the earls of Hun¬ 
 tingdon built a strong castle, as 
 a seat for himself and his suc¬ 
 cessors, but it afterwards fell 
 into other hands. The whole of 
 this stately building is still 
 standing, it having been repair¬ 
 ed at different times, and is one 
 of the best preserved ancient 
 edifices in the kingdom. 
 
 About four miles to the 
 north-west of Coleshill is Cas- 
 tle-Bromwich, the seat of the 
 Earl of Bradford, which takes 
 its name from an ancient castle, 
 the site of which is only known 
 from tradition. 
 
 Three miles from Coleshill is 
 Packington-Hall, the seat of 
 the Earl of Aylesford. The 
 manor anciently belonged to 
 the priory of Kenilworth, being 
 granted to it by Geoffrey de 
 Clinton, lord-chamberlain to 
 Henry II. By the marriage of 
 Mary, daughter and heiress of 
 Sir Clement Fisher, Bart., with 
 Heneage, second earl of Ayles¬ 
 ford, the place was transferred 
 to the late family. 
 
 Leigh Hall. 
 
 Stetchford village. 
 
 View of BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Vauxhall Station, for Grand 
 Junction Railway. 
 
 G 2 
 
76 
 
 Birmingham. 
 
 % 
 
 Tn the approach to this celebrated town, (the third 
 for population and extent in England,) the upper 
 part appears to be seated on the side of a hill, 
 in a kind of peninsula, bordered by parts of the 
 counties of Stafford and Worcester. The buildings 
 of Birmingham, like those of most English towns, 
 not formed in dependance upon a castellated defence, 
 were originally placed in a low and watery situation. 
 The chief street of the ancient town is that termed 
 Digbeth, where there are some excellent springs. 
 At the restoration of Charles IT., the town of Bir¬ 
 mingham consisted of about fifteen streets, not all 
 finished, and about 900 houses. The increase of 
 buildings since then has exceeded the expectations 
 of the most sanguine : the town no longer crouches 
 in humility of site, but boldly solicits the ingress of 
 the winds from each point of the compass. Modern 
 Birmingham, nearly of an oval form, is approached 
 on every side by an ascent, except from the north¬ 
 west ; and as scarcely any of the streets lie on a dead 
 Hat, every shower conduces to cleanliness and health. 
 What is called the Crescent is a fine range of domestic 
 buildings, elevated upon a terrace, of 1,182 feet in 
 length and seventeen feet high. The air is naturally 
 pure, and the soil a dry reddish sand; the lowest 
 apartments are free from damp; hence agues, and 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 77 
 
 the numerous tribe of distempers incidental to moist 
 situations, are here unknown, and instances of 
 longevity are strikingly numerous. Before Birming¬ 
 ham became so eminent for its manufactures, that 
 part of it called Digbeth abounded with tanners, and 
 large numbers of hides arrived weekly for sale, and 
 supplied the whole county. When the weather per¬ 
 mitted they were ranged in columns in the Iligh- 
 street, and at other times deposited in the Leather- 
 hall. 1 his market, begun about seven hundred years 
 ago, continued till the beginning of the last century. 
 Two officers are still annually chosen by the name of 
 leather-sellers; but shops are erected upon the tan- 
 flats, and the Leather-hall is gone to ruin. 
 
 Its ancient manufactures were confined to coarse 
 iron-ware, nails, bits, and some lacquered articles. 
 Shortly after the Revolution, one of its principal 
 manufactures, fire-arms, got a degree of celebrity 
 which was exceedingly advanced by obtaining a con¬ 
 tract for furnishing a supply to government; and 
 at the same time the prohibition of French com¬ 
 modities, although it could not destroy a predilec¬ 
 tion for their fashions, yet established the necessity 
 of deriving from ourselves the materials of decora¬ 
 tion, and the profusion of buttons, with which dress- 
 clothes were then ornamented, became supplied by 
 London and Birmingham. As the demand increased, 
 the latter obtained the pre-eminence, from her ad¬ 
 vantages in the price of labour, fuel, and the necessa- 
 lies of life. Soon after, the iron and metal-buckle 
 
 o 3 
 
78 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 trade became extensive : various circumstances, aided 
 by the genius and persevering industry of the inhabi¬ 
 tants, afterwards created a number of new objects 
 in the toy and hardware lines; yet, until the esta¬ 
 blishment of the late John Taylor, Esq., there does 
 not appear to have been any manufacturer upon that 
 general and extensive scale of which Birmingham 
 can, in the present day, furnish such numerous in¬ 
 stances. It is scarcely sixty years since there was 
 not a single mercantile house which corresponded 
 directly from thence with any foreign country, but 
 furnished their products for the supply of those mar¬ 
 kets through the medium of merchants in London ; 
 at this time the principal orders for foreign supply 
 come directly to merchants or manufacturers resident 
 in the town. 
 
 The manufacture of guns was commenced by a 
 person in Digbeth, in the reign of William III. This 
 profitable trade was, after an interval of time, accom¬ 
 modated with a Proof-house , for proving gun-barrels. 
 
 The manufacture of brass was introduced here 
 about 1740, and was at first confined to a few opu¬ 
 lent persons ; but, when numerous brass works were 
 erected, this branch was cultivated on liberal princi¬ 
 ples of competition. The late Mr. J. Taylor introduced 
 the gilt button, the painted, japanned, and gilt snuff¬ 
 boxes, and the numerous variety of enamelled articles. 
 
 The present consequence of Birmingham, contrast¬ 
 ed with its original situation, will justify a retrospec¬ 
 tive view of its former history. 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 79 
 
 In old writings the name is frequently spelled 
 Brumwychham; and Mr. Hutton thinks that some 
 articles of iron where fabricated here as early as the 
 times of the Britons. It certainly was a place of some 
 consideration in the time of the Saxons, as William 
 de Birmingham, lord of this manor, proved that his 
 ancestors had the privilege of a market here before the 
 conquest. In the Norman survey, or Domesday-book, 
 this place is merely rated for four hides of land, and 
 woods of half a-mile in length and four furlongs in 
 width, the whole being valued on an ; . annual rent of 
 20s. Peter de Birmingham, another lord, there is 
 no doubt, obtained a grant fora weekly market, on the 
 Thursday, in the reign of Henry II.; and, in the 
 reign of Henry III., William de Birmingham procured 
 charters for two yearly fairs. In 1319, Audomore, 
 Earl of Pembroke, obtained a licence to take toll for 
 the term of three years, on every article sold in the 
 market, towards the expence of paving the streets ; 
 but this work was not completed during eighteen years, 
 when a second licence of this kind, to be in force for 
 three years more, was procured. The family of de 
 Birmingham remained possessed of the manorial 
 rights till the reign of Henry VIII., and resided in a 
 moated mansion, about sixty yards south of the old 
 church. The ground having been lately purchased, 
 the moat was filled up, the manor-house taken down, 
 and buildings erected on its site. 
 
 In the reign of Henry VII l. this place is thus 
 noticed: “The beauty of Birmingham, a good 
 
80 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 market-town, in the extreme parts of Warwickshire, 
 
 in one streete, going up a longe, almost from the left 
 
 ripe of the brooke, up a mean hill, hy the length of a 
 
 quarter of a mile. There be many smithes in the 
 
 town, that used to make knives, and almost all 
 
 manner of cutting tools, and many loriners, that make 
 
 bittes, and a great many naylors, so that a great part 
 
 of the town is maintained by smithes, who have their 
 
 * * 
 
 iron and coal out of Staffordshire.” 
 
 In the war between Charles I. and the Parliament, 
 Birmingham sijjed with the latter. King Charles 
 being here in 1612, the inhabitants, when he quitted 
 the town, seized the carriages containing the royal 
 plate, and conveyed them to Warwick Castle. In the 
 ensuing year, they so long and strenuously resisted 
 the entrance of Prince Rupert into the town, that he 
 burnt several of the houses, and afterwards laid a con¬ 
 tribution upon the inhabitants. William Fielding, 
 Earl of Denbigh, a volunteer under the prince, was 
 killed by a random shot; and on the other side, a 
 clergyman, who acted as governor, was slain in the 
 Red Lion Inn, having refused quarter. In the reign of 
 the profligate and luxurious Charles II., the toy trade 
 was first cultivated in Birmingham, and has since 
 been carried to an extent unprecedented in the annals 
 of manufacture, and not only productive of local 
 wealth, but of national pride. 
 
 Riots. —Birmingham, during many years of pros¬ 
 perity, had very happily escaped the effects of party- 
 spirit; but unfortunately, on the 14th of July 17D5, 
 
a party of gentlemen, mostly Dissenters, assembled 
 at one of the hotels to commemorate the French 
 revolution, with a dangerous degree of ostentatious 
 publicity. By two in the afternoon, a vast con¬ 
 course of people had assembled round the house ; 
 about live, they began to show signs of turbulence ; 
 and before six, it was I'ecommended to the gentlemen 
 to letire, for the sake of peace; and though all 
 of them instantly complied, yet the multitude in¬ 
 creased, and threatened destruction ; not being 
 content with this moderate triumph, they broke the 
 windows of the hotel. Their numbers were now 
 swelled by the idle and vicious, from every lane and 
 alley in the town, and they proceeded to acts of more 
 serious mischief, encouraging each other in the work 
 of havoc, by clamours expressive of their love of the 
 church and king, good order, &c. Thus professing 
 themselves the peculiar friends to the church of Eng¬ 
 land, the infuriated rabble commenced their general 
 operations, by setting fire to the meeting-house be¬ 
 longing to Dr. Priestley, which they soon reduced to 
 ashes ; a second quickly shared the same fate. They 
 then proceeded to the dwelling of the philosophic 
 preacher, at Fairhill, about a mile from the town, on 
 the Oxford road. It appears, though extremely abste¬ 
 mious himself, that the doctor’s cellar was well stored ; 
 for its contents silenced the rage of more than forty 
 of the rioters, who lay stretched out on the grass-plot 
 adjoining the house, in a state little better than that 
 of non-entity : and several, in this state of intoxica- 
 
82 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 tion, perished in the flames. Persuasive means were 
 employed to preserve as much of the library and 
 manuscripts as possible, but to no effect. The doctor’s 
 beautiful elaboratory underwent utter destruction ; 
 every thing in the house was destroyed, not excepting 
 even the servants’clothes. Dr.Priestley luckily escaped 
 the rage of the mob, a circumstance that gave pleasure 
 to every lover of science ; but those who rejoice at 
 his escape, will regret that his fine philosophical ap¬ 
 paratus, with a most valuable library, were destroyed. 
 
 After the mob had completed the destruction of 
 Dr. Priestley’s house and Laboratory, the Earl of 
 Aylesford and some other gentlemen led a great part 
 of the rioters from Sparkbrook to Birmingham, in 
 hopes of dispersing them, but without effect. A great 
 number, about one o’clock on Friday, assembled round 
 the elegant mansion of Mr. John Ryland (formerly 
 the residence of Baskerville, the celebrated printer), 
 which had lately been enlarged and beautified at a 
 great expense. The most soothing means were adopted 
 to make them desist; money was offered them to 
 induce them to retire, but to no purpose ; for, after 
 exhausting the contents of the cellar, they set fire to 
 the house and furniture. The conflagration was 
 dreadful. 
 
 The rioters being divided into parties, and medi¬ 
 tating the destruction of several other houses, about 
 three o’clock in the afternoon, consternation and 
 alarm seemed to have superseded all other sensations 
 in the minds of the inhabitants ; business was given 
 
RIOTS. 
 
 83 
 
 over, and the shops were all shut up. The inhabitants 
 were traversing- the streets in crowds, not knowing 
 what to do, and horror was visible in every counte¬ 
 nance. 
 
 About half-past three, the inhabitants were sum¬ 
 moned by the bellman to assemble in theNewChurch- 
 yard; two magistrates attended in an adjacent room, 
 and swore in several hundred constables, composed 
 of every description of inhabitants; these marched 
 away to disperse the rioters, who were beginning to 
 attack the house of Mr. Hutton, paper-mercant, in the 
 High-street. This was easily effected, there being 
 not more than half-a-dozen drunken wretches then 
 assembled on the spot. From thence they proceeded 
 to disperse the grand body, who were employed in 
 the destruction of Mr. Ryland’s house. On entering 
 the walls which surrounded the house, then all in a 
 blaze, a most dreadful conflict took place, in which it 
 is impossible to ascertain the number of the wounded. 
 The constables were attacked with such a shower of 
 stones and brickbats, as it was impossible to resist. 
 The rioters then possessing themselves of some of 
 the bludgeons, the constables were entirely defeated, 
 many of them being much wounded, and one killed. 
 The mob being victorious, and heated with liquor, 
 every thing was to be dreaded. Several attempts were 
 yet made to amuse them, but in vain. They exacted 
 money from the inhabitants; and at ten o’clock at 
 night thev began, and soon effected, the destruction 
 
84 . 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 of Mr. Hutton’s house, in the High-street, plundering 
 it of all its property! 
 
 From thence they proceeded to the seat of John 
 Taylor, Esq., banker. There <£500 were offered them 
 to desist, but to no purpose ; for they immediately 
 set fire to that beautiful mansion, which, together 
 with its superb furniture, stables, offices, green-house, 
 hot-house, &c., were reduced to a heap of ruins. 
 
 At eight o’clock on the following evening, the 
 rioters began demolishing the fine houses of Mr. 
 Humphreys and that of William Russell, Esq., a little 
 further on the road, and most dreadful depredations 
 were committed. 
 
 The next morning, the people of Birmingham be¬ 
 came the trembling spectators of the tremendous con¬ 
 flagration of Mosley-hill, the property of John Taylor, 
 Esq., but in the occupation of Lady Carhampton. 
 Fortunately, Lady Carhampton, who was blind, was 
 removed to a place of safety by Sir Robert Lawley, 
 who took her in his carriage to Canwell. At this 
 instant a most awful scene presented itself : four 
 dreadful fires within a mile of each other ! The house 
 of William Russell, Esq., and also that of Mr. Hawkes, 
 of Mosley, shared the same fate with Mosley-hall, 
 where the rioters deliberately killed ducks, geese, 
 and turkies, which, half-broiled on the ruins of that 
 once noble edifice, they devoured with brutish ferocity. 
 
 At the burning of Mr. Ryland’s house, many of the 
 rioters were suffocated or burnt, by the walls falling 
 
RIOTS. 
 
 85 
 
 in upon them. Their groans pierced the ears of the 
 multitude. Next morning- the bodies were dug out of 
 the ruins, but so mutilated as not to be known. 
 
 During the whole of these transactions, the popu¬ 
 lace continually shouted, “ God save the King!”— 
 “ Long live the King and the Constitution, in Church 
 and State ”—“ Down with the Dissenters ”—“ Down 
 with all the abettors of French rebellion! ”•—“ Church 
 and King!”—“Downwith the Rumps!”—“No Oli¬ 
 vers ! ”—“ No false Rights of Man ! ” 
 
 On Sunday night the military arrived, consisting 
 of the Oxford Blues, and a party of light-horse from 
 Hounslow. By eleven o’clock the town was com¬ 
 pletely illuminated, in order to give effectto the troops, 
 which was continued till day-light. During the night 
 more troops came in from every quarter; and they 
 lay on their arms till ten next forenoon, when a regu¬ 
 lar guard was established. 
 
 The terror and distress which pervaded the whole 
 town, while these dreadful scenes were acting-, will 
 be better conceived than described. The magistrates 
 had tried every means of persuasion, without effect; 
 large bills were stuck up, requesting all persons to 
 retire to their respective homes, to no purpose ; no¬ 
 thing certain was known respecting the approach of 
 the military; and numbers of the rioters, joined by 
 thieves and drunken prostitutes from every quarter, 
 were, with blue cockades in their hats, in all parts of 
 the town, and in small bodies, levying contributions 
 on the inhabitants. There was scarcely a house- 
 
 H 
 
BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 8 (> 
 
 keeper that dared refuse them meat, drink, money, or 
 whatever they demanded. The shops were mostly 
 shut up, business nearly at a stand, and every 
 body employed in secreting- and removing their 
 valuables. 
 
 The rapid march of troops to the relief of the town, 
 whilst it struck terror into the hearts of the rabble, 
 exhilarated the spirits of every peaceable inhabitant, 
 and soon contributed to the complete dispersion of 
 the rioters. As an acknowledgment for the expedition 
 and the good behaviour of the troops, the Dissenters 
 presented them with .£100 ; and at a town-meeting, a 
 handsome sword was voted to each of the officers, 
 and a piece of plate, of 100 guineas value, to each of 
 the magistrates. 
 
 At the Warwick assizes, which followed, four men 
 were capitally convicted of being concerned in these 
 riots ; but only two of them suffered the sentence of 
 the law, on the 8th of September, as the others 
 received his Majesty’s most gracious pardon. 
 
 Birmingham has, in modern times, given birth to 
 the Political Unions. 
 
 Since the passing of the Reform Bill, the town has 
 sent two members to Parliament. 
 
 Public Buildings. 
 
 The Toivn Hall is devoted to public purposes; 
 among which is the triennial musical festival. The 
 building is of brick, faced with Anglesea marble, and 
 extending to a length of 160 feet, and to a height of 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS- 
 
 •87 
 
 83. The rustic basement rises 23 feet from the 
 ground: and the series of Corinthian columns, 
 which rest upon this basement, and go completely 
 round the building, including the entablature and 
 pediment, is 60 feet more. It contains an extensive 
 hall, 140 feet long, 65 wide, and as many high; 
 and being intended for musical performances, a 
 fine and immense organ, which cost £o,000, oc¬ 
 cupies one entire end. 1 he design of tne building 
 was supplied by Messrs. Hanson and Welch, of 
 Liverpool, who are also the builders who con¬ 
 tracted for its erection. The hall will contain 8,000 
 persons. Admission may be obtained to view the 
 interior, on application at the upper door in Con- 
 greve-street; and the organ may be heard by paying- 
 one shilling admission, every Thursday morning at 
 twelve o’clock. 
 
 The Free Grammar School was founded by Edward 
 VI. in the fifth year of his reign, and endowed with 
 lands, which, by the increased value of property, now 
 produces more than £4,000 per annum. The present 
 elegant (lothic edifice, in New-street, is from the 
 design of Mr. Barry, at a cost of £35,000. 4 he semi¬ 
 nary has the privilege of sending ten exhibitioners to 
 the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who are 
 each of them allowed £35. per annum for the space 
 of seven years. The governors of this school sup¬ 
 port four or five preparatory schools, &c. 
 
 A Public Library was established in 1770, and 
 is now held in an elegant pile of building, erected 
 
88 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 on the Tontine principle, by the subscribers. It is 
 situate in Union-street. This library is well fur¬ 
 nished, and there are about 560 subscribers. 
 
 The New Library was formed in the year 1796; 
 it is situated in the Temple-row-west; there are up¬ 
 wards of 3,000 volumes in this library. 
 
 The Theatre was erected in 1774, and an additional 
 portico in 1780. Over the attic windows, in the 
 front, are busts, in bas-relief, of Shakspeare and 
 Garrick. In the month of August 1792, the interior 
 of this theatre was destroyed by fire, which consumed 
 all the scenery, dresses, &c.; but, on being restored, it 
 was considerably enlarged, an assembly-room added, 
 and in the year 1807 a patent was obtained, consti¬ 
 tuting it a royal theatre. It opens in June and closes 
 in September. 
 
 A Triennial Musical Festival, in September, is 
 celebrated by a number of vocal and instrumental 
 performers of the first class. Oratorios are performed 
 four successive mornings, and miscellaneous concerts 
 in the evening of each day, in the Town Hall, and 
 the Festival is concluded with a Fancy Dress Ball. 
 Great numbers of the nobility and gentry attend 
 these entertainments, and the profits arising from this 
 fete are applied to the support of the General Hos¬ 
 pital. There are ball-rooms at the hotel in Temple- 
 row, and adjoining the theatre ; and private concerts 
 are occasionally held in them. 
 
 Vauxhall .—This popular place of resort is in the 
 hamlet of Ashted. The grounds are tastefully dis- 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS; &C. 
 
 89 
 
 played, and the exhibition of fire-works, musical 
 performances, and other amusements, attract large 
 assemblies to witness the display. Being near the 
 line of the Liverpool Railroad, makes it an attraction 
 to visitors to view the passing of the trains. 
 
 A Statue of lord Nelson, executed by Westmacott, 
 has been erected by the inhabitants of Birmingham. 
 It was exposed to view on the 25th of October 1809, 
 the day on which a jubilee was kept in honour of 
 King George III. having entered the 50th year of his 
 reign. The expence of this statue was £2,500. The 
 attitude of the figure is expressive of that dignity and 
 serenity with which the original was characterised, 
 and the resemblance is admitted to be more than 
 usually correct. The circular pediment on which 
 the statue stands is ornamented with figures in alto- 
 relievo, in a bold and masterly style, the limbs being 
 so disposed, that, except great violence is used, they 
 are not liable to be injured; the relative proportions 
 of the whole are admirable, and the general effect 
 produced gives the utmost satisfaction. The hero is 
 represented in a composed and dignified attitude, his 
 left arm reclining upon an anchor, which is to the 
 right of the statue, and is the grand symbol of the 
 naval profession ; and Victory, the constant atten¬ 
 dant upon her favourite hero, embellishes the prow. 
 To the left is disposed a sail, which being placed be¬ 
 hind the statue, gives breadth to that view of the 
 composition. Above the ship is a fac simile of the 
 flagstaff truck of 1/Orient, which was fished up by 
 
 h 3 
 
90 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Sir Samuel Hood, the day after the battle of the 
 Nile, and presented by him to Lord Nelson, the same 
 being deposited at Mitford, as a trophy of that ever 
 memorable action. This group is surmounted upon 
 a pedestal of statuary marble, a circular form having 
 been selected as best suited to the situation. By a 
 figurative prosopopeia, the town of Birmingham is 
 made to personify that affectionate regard which 
 caused the present testimony of gratitude and admira¬ 
 tion to be raised. The town is represented in a 
 dejected attitude, murally crowned, mourning her 
 loss, being accompanied by groups of Genii, or chil¬ 
 dren, in allusion to the rising generation, who offer 
 consolation to her by producing the trident and the 
 rudder. The whole is enclosed by iron palisades, in 
 the form of boarding pikes, connected by a twisted 
 cable. At each of the four corners is fixed a cannon, 
 erect, from which rises a lamp-post, representing a 
 cluster of pikes supporting a ship lantern. 
 
 Opposite the statue of Nelson is the newly- 
 erected 
 
 Market Hall , which reaches into Worcester-street, 
 occupying the whole space between Phi 1 ip-street and 
 Bell-street. It is open daily, and on market-days is 
 well stocked with fruit and vegetables, and almost 
 every article of manufacture. Beneath the Hall are 
 ranges of vaults, which let for shops and warehouses. 
 There is also a passage under the centre of the Hall, 
 from one side to the other. 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 9 ] 
 
 The jurisprudence of Birmingham is under the 
 superintendance of about a dozen of the county 
 magistrates, some of whom attend every Monday 
 and Thursday at the 
 
 Public Office , in Moor-street, which is a neat 
 stone-fronted building, erected in the year 1806, at an 
 expense of <£9,000. The ground-floor is appropri¬ 
 ated to the Commissioners of the Street Acts, and on 
 the upper floor the magistrates transact the business 
 of the town. Behind this building there are apart¬ 
 ments for the prison-keeper and his attendants; also 
 
 The Prison, which is a spacious building, with a 
 commodious well-paved yard, divided into two parts 
 by a lofty wall, which separates the male and fe¬ 
 male prisoners. There is also a prison in Bordesley- 
 street. 
 
 The Court of Requests, consisting of seventy-two 
 commissioners, is held by a quorum of three of them, 
 every Friday, in a court nearly opposite to New- 
 street, and about the centre of High-street. Debts 
 not exceeding £5 are cognizable, and may be re¬ 
 covered in this court. 
 
 Trade ,—Within this town are manufactured all 
 the sorts of metallic articles, both for use and orna¬ 
 ment, that can be devised. The brass-founders and 
 platers produce an infinite variety of articles ; and the 
 manufacturers of buttons, guns, swords, locks of 
 every kind, japan goods, jewellery, and watches, in 
 gold, silver, metal, and covered cases, are numerous. 
 Indeed, the quantity of toys made here have procured 
 it the cognomen of “ The Toy Shop of Europe," 
 
92 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 Manufactories .—One of the most interesting 1 esta¬ 
 blishments about Birmingham, is 
 
 The Soho Manufactory .—The spot upon which it 
 is erected was, in the year 1764, a barren heath. 
 It was enclosed by act of Parliament in 1793. The 
 late Mr. Bolton, in the first instance, expended more 
 than =€9,000 in the erection of buildings, exclusive of 
 machinery, and in seeking for men of ingenuity, 
 from all parts of Europe, whom he patronized with 
 the greatest liberality; thus supported, they soon pro¬ 
 duced an imitation of the ormolu , which found a 
 ready sale, and this business being established, it be¬ 
 came necessary to make application for an Assay 
 Office to be established in Birmingham, which was 
 accordingly done in the year 1773. 
 
 Mr. Watt having obtained a patent for the improve¬ 
 ment of steam-engines, came and settled at Soho in 
 1769, where he erected an engine upon his own prin¬ 
 ciple, which answering the intended purpose, he in 
 1775, obtained from Parliament a prolongation of his 
 term for twenty-five years. A partnership being now 
 formed between Mr. Bolton and Mr. Watt, an exten¬ 
 sive manufactory of those engines was established at 
 Soho, and many of them were conveyed to the deep 
 mines and extensive works, where great power was 
 required. In 1788, a mint was erected at Soho, to be 
 worked by the steam-engine; from the rolling of the 
 copper into sheets, afterwards passing it through 
 polished steel rollers, and then cutting out the blanks, 
 all which was performed with the greatest ease and 
 
MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 93 
 
 regularity by children, instead of employing able 
 men. The coining machines were worked with 
 rapidity and exactness by boys from twelve to fourteen 
 years of age, the machine depositing the blanks upon 
 the dies, and when struck it displaced those that had 
 received the impression, and deposited other blanks 
 in their places. 
 
 G. R. Collisand Co.’s (late Sir Edward Thomason’sj y 
 Manufactory is situate in Church street, in the centre 
 of the town, adjoining St. Phillip’s church-yard. The 
 ware-rooms contain the finished articles for sale, and 
 are open to all persons of respectability. 
 
 The fac simile of the celebrated Warwick vase, of 
 upwards of twenty-one feet in circumference was 
 made in metallic bronze at this manufactory. The 
 copper bronze statue of his late Majesty, upwards of 
 six feet in height, was modelled, cast, and sculptured 
 at this establishment, as also a shield, in honour of 
 the Duke of Wellington’s victories. These, and nu¬ 
 merous other works, are stationed in separate rooms to 
 exhibit the progress of British art. 
 
 Servants are appointed to conduct visitors over the 
 different work-shops, to whom, and to the work¬ 
 people, the visitor is requested to abstain from giving 
 any gratuity. 
 
 The Baths at Lady Well are the most complete in 
 England. They are seven in number; and were 
 erected at the expense of .£2,000. Accommodation 
 is ever ready for hot or cold bathing; for health 
 or recreation. 
 
94 
 
 BIRMINGHAM- 
 
 The Hexes Room was built in 1825. It is a hand¬ 
 some edifice, with a cemented front, ornamented with 
 lofty pillars of the Ionic order. The interior con¬ 
 sists of one large room,opening through folding-doors, 
 into smaller apartments ; over which are a billiard 
 room and a refectory, and a suite of rooms in which 
 copies of the public records and books of references 
 are deposited. 
 
 The Market Days of Birmingham are, Monday, 
 Thursday, and Saturday : Thursday being the princi¬ 
 pal one. There is also a market for hay and straw 
 hel on Tuesday. The fairs are two, one at Whitsun¬ 
 tide and the other at Michaelmas ; the latter is called 
 Onion Fair, from the vast quantities brought for sale. 
 
 Before closing the account of this interesting 
 town, I must not omit.to recommend to the attention 
 of the lovers of the fine arts, the monument erected 
 in an oratory or chapel of Handswortli church, to the 
 memory of the late James Watt, Esq., the great im¬ 
 prover of the steam-engine. It is from the chisel of 
 Chantrey, and is a splendid specimen of the sculptor’s 
 talent, doing equal credit to the honoured dead, and 
 the genius of the artist who produced it. The 
 stranger will not regret his visit to this spot, thus 
 doubly consecrated by the illustrious of his country. 
 
 The Post Office , Bennett's Hill , was considerably 
 improved about the time this street was formed. The 
 public are now accommodated with a piazza, unex¬ 
 posed to the weather, to transact their business. Great 
 improvements have been made in this department, 
 
POST-OFFICE REGULATIONS. 95 
 
 within the last few years, and seven receiving houses 
 have been opened in various parts of the town. 
 
 Post-Office Peculations. 
 
 The following statement shows the time of Arrival 
 and Departure of the various Mails :— 
 
 ARRIVALS. DEPARTURE 
 
 4.25 a.m. Bristol . 9.20 p.m 
 
 5.48- London . 8.50- 
 
 7.-Sutton Messenger .. .. 7*15a.m 
 
 7.50- Banbury. 6. 50 p.m 
 
 10.23- Chipping Norton .. .. 3.- 
 
 11.30- First Grand June. Railway 5.45 a.m 
 
 Noon. Bilston Messenger .. .. 2.30 p.m 
 
 4.30p.m. SecondGrand June. Railway 11. 15 a. m 
 
 4.30 - Sheffield. 5.30- 
 
 5. 2-Yarmouth . 7*45- 
 
 5.35- Leamington . 7.- 
 
 5. 15-- Oldbury Messenger .. 7- 15- 
 
 f Halesowen .1 
 
 6. -<j Castlebromwich .. •• p 7*15- 
 
 1 Great Barr .J 
 
 6.45- ^London. 7-58- 
 
 6. 20- Tamworth . 7-- 
 
 7.55- Worcester . 7*- 
 
 8.30 - Stourport . 6.30- 
 
 8.31 -Holyhead . 6.23- 
 
 8.40- Third Grand June. Railway 2. 15 p.m. 
 
 11. 15- Fourth Grand .Tunc. Railway 6.45- 
 
 * This Mail goes through Birmingham and Chester to Holyhead, 
 and brings only Foreign Letters to Birmingham. 
 
96 
 
 POST-OFFICE REGULATIONS, &C. 
 
 A second hag for London is despatched by the mid¬ 
 night mail, and arrives there in time for an afternoon 
 delivery. 
 
 On Tuesdays and Fridays a Foreign bag is for¬ 
 warded to London by a mail, which leaves Birming¬ 
 ham at halfpaspl2, noon. 
 
 The letter-box is closed at eight, p.m., for the 
 despatch of the London and Bristol Mails, and half- 
 an-hour before the departure of any of the other 
 mails. 
 
 There are two general deliveries by letter-carriers 
 within the town, the first commencing at half-past 
 seven, a.m., and the second at about a quarter after 
 five, p.m., except on Sundays, when there is no after¬ 
 noon delivery 7 . 
 
 The IVindoiv delivery commences at about half¬ 
 past seven, a.m., for the letters brought by the Bristol 
 and the London Mails, and in half-an-hour after the 
 arrival of any of the other mails, until eight, p.m., 
 when it is closed, but is opened again from half-past 
 nine, until ten, p.m. 
 
 When any delay occurs in the arrival of the mails, 
 a corresponding delay will necessarily occur in the 
 delivery. 
 
 Post Office, Birmingham, May 23, 1838. 
 
97 
 
 Bankers, 
 
 With the Houses which they draw upon in London. 
 
 Taylor at\d Lloyd, Dale-end—on Hanbury, Taylor, and Lloyd. 
 Attwood, Spooner, and Co., New-street—on Spooner, Attwood, 
 and Co. 
 
 J. L. Moilliet and Son, Cherry-street—on Sir J. W. Lubbock and Co. 
 Birmingham Banking Company, Bennett’s hill—on Jones, Lloyd, & Co. 
 Birmingham Borough Bank, Bull-street—on Prescott and Co. 
 National Provident Bank of Birmingham, Bennett’s-hill—on Han¬ 
 bury, Taylor, and Lloyd. 
 
 Birmingham Town and District Bank, Colmore-row—on Barclay, 
 Bevan, and Co. 
 
 Birmingham and Midland Banking Company, Union-street — on 
 Williams, Deacon, and Co. 
 
 Birmingham Branch, Lichfield, Rugley, and Tamworth Banking 
 Company, High-street—on Sir R. C. Glyn, Bart., and Co. 
 
 Branch Bank of England, Union-street. 
 
 Savings’ Bank, Temple-row. 
 
 Fares for Hackney Coaches and Cars. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Drawn by Two Horses.—Not exceeding half a mile. 1 0 
 
 Ditto . ditto one mile. 1 6 
 
 Ditto . ditto one mile and a half 2 0 
 
 Ditto . ditto two miles. 2 6 
 
 Ditto . ditto three miles. 3 6 
 
 Ditto . ditto four miles. 5 0 
 
 Drawn by One Horse.—Not exceeding one mile. 1 0 
 
 Ditto . ditto one mile and a half 1 6 
 
 Ditto . ditto two miles. 2 0 
 
 Ditto . ditto two miles and a half 2 6 
 
 Ditto . ditto threemiles.. 3 0 
 
 Ditto . ditto three miles and a half 3 G 
 
 Ditto . ditto four miles. 4 0 
 
 Returning with the same fare, half the foregoing charges. 
 
 Time.—Twenty minutes 6d.; forty minutes Is. Every twenly 
 minutes above forty Gd., for being detained. 
 
 Cars are to be had at most of the head inns. 
 
 I 
 
98 
 
 Coach Offices. 
 
 Coaches from the Swan Hotel Coach Office, Bir¬ 
 mingham.—Fast four-horse coaches to Bristol, Bath, 
 Cheltenham, Gloucester, Worcester, &c,, the whole 
 of which are arranged conveniently for persons arriv¬ 
 ing by the Railway Trains. 
 
 By permission of the Directors of the Grand Junc¬ 
 tion Railway Company, particulars may be obtained, 
 and places secured, on application to Mr. Waddell’s 
 clerk, at the Railway Stations, Liverpool or Man¬ 
 chester, or by a letter addressed to Mr.Waddell, Bir¬ 
 mingham. 
 
 List of Coaches from the Hen and Chickens , 
 Coach Office , New Street, Birmingham. 
 
 The Day , to Oxford (Sunday excepted) at 12. 
 
 The Alert , to Cheltenham, every afternoon (except 
 Sunday) at £ past 2. 
 
 The Criterion , to Leicester, daily (except Sunday) 
 at \ before 12. 
 
 The Mercury, to Bath, every morning (except 
 Sunday) at | past 8. 
 
 The Railroad , to Bristol, every evening (except 
 Sunday) at 8. 
 
 The Express , to Manchester, every morning (ex¬ 
 cept Sunday) at 8. 
 
 The Mail, to Bristol, every evening, at £ before 8. 
 
COACH OFFICES. 99 
 
 The Telegraphy to Leeds, the only direct coach, 
 every morning (except Sunday) at | past 8. 
 
 The Maily to Sheffield, every morning, at £ past 5. 
 
 The Mail , to Brighton, every evening, at 8. 
 
 The Eagle, to Cambridge, every Tuesday, Thurs¬ 
 day, and Saturday, at J past 6. 
 
 From Bretherton’s Royal Mail and Goneral 
 Coach Establishment, Castle Hotel, numerous and 
 well-regulated day and night conveyances to London, 
 Cambridge, Bristol, Bath, Cheltenham, Leamington, 
 Oxford, Shrewsbury, Ludlow, Sheffield, Liverpool, 
 Chester, Manchester, and all intermediate places, 
 leave this establishment at hours suitable for the visi¬ 
 tors, gentry, and inhabitants of the town. 
 
 For the greater accommodation, the Ruby now 
 leaves at 9 o’clock ; also a new Night Coach, to 
 Bristol, every evening at 8 o’clock. For particulars, 
 and to secure places, please to apply at the Coach 
 Office, in front of the Hotel, High Street. 
 
 Omnibuses to and from every train on the Grand 
 Junction Railway Station. 
 
 From the St. George's Independent Coach and 
 General Omnibus Office—opposite the end of Union 
 Street—High Street, Birmingham. Coaches to most 
 parts of the kingdom. Conveyance Company’s Omni¬ 
 buses to the following places: Wolverhampton, Stour¬ 
 bridge, Dudley, Walsall, Haglej 7 , Bewdley, Kidder¬ 
 minster, Brierly Hill, W. Bromwich, Wednesbury, 
 Bilston, Hales Owen. 
 
100 
 
 OMNIBUS OFFICES 
 
 Midland Omnibus Company. 
 
 Conveyances leave the Company’s office, (16, High 
 Street, opposite the Albion Hotel; Red Lion, High 
 Street; Lamp Tavern, Bull Street, and the White 
 Horse, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, for West 
 Bromwich, Wednesbury, Bilston, Wolverhampton, 
 Dudley, and Stourbridge, as follows : — 
 
 To Wolverhampton. 
 
 Morning, at. 9 
 
 at. 11 
 
 Afternoon, at . 2 
 
 Quarter before .. 3 
 Quarter-past .... 5 
 Half-past. 7 
 
 To Stourbridge. 
 
 Morning, at. 9 
 
 To Dudley. 
 
 Morning, at. 9 
 
 at. 10 
 
 Afternoon, (through Oldbury) 4 
 Half-past 4 
 (through Oldbury) 6 
 at.. 8 
 
 From the Packhorse and Peacock 
 Inns, Wolverhampton to Bir¬ 
 mingham. 
 
 Morning, at Quarter before .. 9 
 Quarter-past.... 11 
 
 Afternoon, at 2 and 5, i before G 
 
 and at 8 
 
 From Foley Arms and Vine Inns, 
 Stourbridge. 
 
 Afternoon, at. 4 
 
 From Bushand Swan Inns, Dudley 
 
 Morning, at . 8 
 
 (through Oldbury) 11 
 
 Afternoon, at Quarter-past • • 2 
 
 at. 6 
 
 Quarter before.. 5 
 (through Oldbury) 8 
 
 Midland Omnibus Company’s Carriages to and 
 from Willenhall, Walsall, and West Bromwich. 
 
 To Wilenhall. 
 
 Morning, at. 9 
 
 Afternoon, at Quarter before •. 3 
 
 To Walsall. 
 
 Morning, at. 9 
 
 Afternoon, at Quarter before.. 3 
 
 To West Bromwich. 
 
 Morning, at . 9 
 
 at. 10 
 
 at. 11 
 
 Afternoon, at . 2 
 
 at Half-past . 4 
 
 at Quarter-past- • • • 5 
 
 Evening, at Half-past. 7 
 
 at. 8 
 
 From Neptune Inn, Willenhall. 
 Morning, at Quarter before • • 12 
 Afternoon, at. <i 
 
 From Turk’s Head, Walsall. 
 Afternoon, at Quarter-past • • 12 
 at Half-past. (j 
 
 From West Bromwich. 
 
 Morning, at Half-past. 8 
 
 at Quarter before • • 10 
 Afternoon, at Quarter before 3 
 
 at .. 3 
 
 Evening, at . (5 
 
 at Half-past. 6 
 
 at Quarter-past .... 5 
 
 at. 9 
 
INNS, HOTELS, &C. 
 
 101 
 
 Xims. 
 
 The Principal Family Houses. — Dee’s Royal 
 Hotel, Temple-row; New Royal Ditto, New-street. 
 
 Coach , Family , and Commercial .—Hen and Chick¬ 
 ens, New-street; Swan, High street ancl New-street; 
 Albion, High-street; Nelson, High-street; Castle, 
 High -street ; Saracen’s Head, Bull-street; St. 
 George’s Tavern, High-street; Stork, Old-square. 
 
 Commercial .—Union, Union-street; White Hart, 
 Digbeth; Woolpack, Moor-street; King’s Head, 
 Worcester-street; Acorn, Temple-street. 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 Birmingham, Manchester, and Liverpool abound 
 with hotels of every grade, and although at some of 
 them the charges are very extravagant, there is 
 nothing deficient in the shape of accommodation : 
 but in these towns, as elsewhere, great differences 
 exist in the prices. For instance, at the Swan , the 
 charge for a bed is three shillings ; at the Hen and 
 Chickens, three and two shillings ; at the Pump Inn, 
 King’s Head, White Hart, and many more, the charge 
 is only one shilling: in the same proportion are the 
 other charges—dinner'three shillings and sixpence at 
 one, two shillings at another. A good plain dinner, 
 including ale, may he had every day, at two o’clock, 
 for one shilling and sixpence, at the Acorn Inn, 
 Temple-street. The two first-named houses com¬ 
 mand a great trade, in consequence of so many 
 coaches running to them. 
 
r 
 
 102 
 
 Dinner Arrangements. 
 
 Persons who are anxious to proceed immediately 
 to either Liverpool or Manchester, should not at¬ 
 tempt to go to the hotels in Birmingham, for the time 
 allowed would require sharper knife-and-fork prac¬ 
 tice than the twenty minutes at Oxford, or any other 
 place where travellers are allowed to dine (i.e. choke 
 themselves)—the termination of the London Railway 
 being a good mile from the hotels, and half a mile 
 from the starting-place of the Grand Junction Rail¬ 
 way, in an opposite direction, making the distance 
 one mile and a half to be travelled—and dinner 
 ordered and despatched in perhaps one hour / But 
 I understand, that when the principal station of the 
 Grand Junction is completed, suitable accommoda¬ 
 tion Avill be provided, where hasty travellers can 
 be accommodated with the necessary refreshment. 
 Indeed, at the present moment, there is a room at the 
 Vauxhall Station devoted to that purpose, where 
 an excellent breakfast is provided, at two shillings 
 a-head, including threepence for the waiter. This, by 
 the bye, is rather at variance with the regulations of 
 the Company, which declare, that “ no fees or gra¬ 
 tuities are allowed to conductors, guards, porters, or 
 other persons in the service of the Company:” but 
 perhaps I am wrong, as the refreshments are supplied 
 by the proprietors of Vauxhall Gardens. 
 
103 
 
 Waiters and Chambermaids. 
 
 It may not be out of place here to offer a few 
 observations upon an important item in a traveller’s 
 expenses, namely, fees to other people’s servants. 
 
 I take the opportunity to express a wish that the 
 praiseworthy example set by the Directors of the 
 Railway Companies may be adopted by innkeepers. 
 The system now pursued is so out of character, that 
 it is time the public should put a stop to it: it is a 
 notorious fact, that both waiters and chambermaids 
 pay their employers for the situations they hold— 
 instead of their employers paying' them. What descrip¬ 
 tion of tradesman is better able to pay his servants 
 than an innkeeper? Who pays the draper’s shopman 
 or porter? Who pays the tailor’s man for taking 
 home a suit of clothes? ' Who pays the servants of 
 the butcher, the baker, the grocer, or the wine- 
 merchant? Not the customer, certainly. Yet many 
 of these persons do not get more than from twenty- 
 five to thirty percent, upon their goods; whereas, 
 the keeper of an hotel, who gets in most instances 
 cent, percent., must put on an additional tax to pay 
 his.servants, forsooth! Upon principle it ought to 
 be opposed—but some travellers I have met with, 
 who appeared to have more money than sense, have 
 said—“ it causes servants at inns to be civil—it is a 
 sort of premium for their good behaviour.” Pooh ! 
 nonsense : no man or woman will go to serve another, 
 if they can live without it; therefore a desire to 
 retain their situation would ensure attention and 
 
104 WAITERS AND CHAMBERMAIDS. 
 
 civility—which is not always the case, even with a 
 bonus before their eyes. The average charge for a bed 
 for one night is from two shillings to three shillings 
 at the large inns, supposing they can make up sixty 
 beds—(I believe the Hen and Chickens at Birming¬ 
 ham can make up that number)—and average thirty 
 each night, these thirty beds in one year will yield 
 the sum of one thousand and eight pounds! —But, in 
 addition to this, the parties who pay it must be 
 taxed a further sum of two hundred and fifty-two 
 pounds (at sixpence a-night) for washing the sheets! 
 
 Look, also, at the charges for dinner! three shillings 
 for two chops, three potatoes, and one head of greens; 
 bread, and as much cheese as you can put on the 
 point of your knife ; home-brewed, at one shilling 
 a-quart; wine, nine shillings a-bottle—that is, giving 
 about one-third of a bottle for a pint, and charging 
 three shillings; breakfast, one-and-ninepence for 
 that which costs about sixpence. These charges 
 may be all very proper, and are only mentioned to 
 show the enormous profits attached to hotel-keeping ; 
 but to be obliged, in addition, to pay the waiter for 
 setting the above-named eatables before one—“ is 
 really too bad ”—and ought to be reformed altogether. 
 I preach,—it rests with the public to practice. 
 
THE 
 
 GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY. 
 
 —♦— 
 
 This Railway was finally opened to the public on 
 Tuesday, July 4th, 1837, which journey the Company 
 engage to perform in four hours and a half; it has, 
 however, been done, exclusive of stoppages, in the 
 short space of three hours and a-half. There is 
 scarcely any portion of the road that is not interesting, 
 either from its beauty or from its being the seat of 
 arts and manufacture, or the centre of rich mineral 
 districts. 
 
 The station of the Company, at the point where the 
 Great London line is to form an angle with the Grand 
 Junction, not being yet finished, the traveller will 
 continue his journey from the temporary Station at 
 Vauxhall, which is about half a-mile distant from the 
 intended Grand Station of the Company. 
 
 On the arrival of the trains from London, passen¬ 
 gers may either proceed at once by the junction car¬ 
 riages (for although the terminus is not yet finished, 
 
106 
 
 DINNER ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 rails have been laid down on which the trains can run 
 from the terminus of the Birmingham and London 
 to the temporary station of the Grand Junction Rail¬ 
 road), or they may forward their luggage, and, after 
 having taken refreshment, proceed to the Vauxhall 
 Station by the omnibuses which leave the hotels in 
 Birmingham half an hour before the starting of each 
 train. 
 
 The Grand Junction Railway is 82£ miles in 
 length, and when completed will commence in Cur- 
 zon Street, Birmingham, at a station adjoining that 
 of the London and Birmingham Railway, and, pass¬ 
 ing by or near Wednesbury, Walsall, Dudley, Bil- 
 ston, Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Stone, 
 Eccleshall, Newcastle, the Potteries, Nantwich, 
 Sandbach, Middlewich, Northwich, Preston Brook, 
 Frodsham, Runcorn, and Warrington, terminates at 
 Newton, on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 
 by which it communicates with Liverpool and Man¬ 
 chester, the distance from Birmingham to those 
 places respectively, being 97 J miles. 
 
 The First Class Trains consist of coaches carrying 
 six inside, and of mails carrying four inside, one 
 compartment of which is convertible into a bed-car¬ 
 riage, if required. The Mixed Trains consist of 
 both First and Second Class coaches, the latter af¬ 
 fording complete protection from the weather, and 
 differing only from the First Class in having no 
 lining, cushions, or divisions of the compartments. 
 Both kinds have seats on the roof, for the accommo- 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 107 
 
 (lation of those who prefer riding outside. The First 
 Class Trains will stop at the principal stations only, 
 but the Mixed Trains will take up and set down pas¬ 
 sengers at all the stations. 
 
 VAUXKALL STATION. 
 
 Fares, from Birmingham to Liverpool or Manchester. 
 
 First-class coach, six inside, whether in first class 
 
 or in mixed trains. •*. £l 1 0 
 
 Mail coach, four inside .• 1 5 0 
 
 Bed carriage in mail coach. 2 0 0 
 
 Second-class coach . 0 14 0 
 
 Children under ten years of age, half-price. 
 
 Gentlemen’s carriages, four wheels. 3 0 0 
 
 Ditto ditto two wheels. 2 0 0 
 
 Passengers, if belonging to, and riding in gentle¬ 
 men’s carriages, each. 0 15 0 
 
 Servants, ditto ditto each-.-- 0 10 0 
 
 Grooms, in charge of horses, each. 0 10 0 
 
 One horse. 1 10 0 
 
 Two horses. 2 10 0 
 
 Three horses . 3 10 0 
 
 Dogs. 0 ? 0 
 
 The following, until further notice, will be the hours of departure. 
 
 From 
 
 Birmingham. 
 
 Arrival at Liverpool and 
 Manchester. 
 
 First-class 6h. 
 
 0m. a.m. 
 
 . lOh. 
 
 30m. a.m. 
 
 Mixed .. 8 
 
 30 — 
 
 . 1 
 
 45 p.m. 
 
 First-class 11 
 
 30 — 
 
 . 4 
 
 0 — 
 
 First-class 2 
 
 30 P-M. 
 
 . 7 
 
 0 — 
 
 Mixed - - 4 
 
 30 — 
 
 ... 9 
 
 45 — 
 
 First-class 7 
 
 0 — 
 
 . 11 
 
 30 — 
 
 On Sundays, the four First Class Trains only, with 
 the addition of Second Class coaches, start at the 
 
108 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 same hours as on the week days, but do not take up 
 and set down passengers at any but the six principal 
 stations. 
 
 The Mixed Trains also take up and set down pas¬ 
 sengers to or from any part of the Grand Junction 
 Railway , at all the usual stations on the Liverpool 
 and Manchester Railway. No fare is less than one 
 shilling by the principal trains. 
 
 [For the Fares between the intermediate Stopping- 
 places, see folding Tahles.~\ 
 
 D uddeston, or Vauxhall, once 
 the resort of the genteeler 
 people, is now completely 
 changed, it being, as Mr. Pye 
 observes in his accurate “ De¬ 
 scription of Modern Birming¬ 
 ham, in 1818,’’ turned into an 
 ale-house, where persons of all 
 descriptions may be accommo¬ 
 dated with liquor ; though dur¬ 
 ing summer, fire works, and 
 sometimes concerts.of music, 
 are exhibited. 
 
 Aston Viaduct, a handsome 
 brick edifice of ten arches, with 
 stone parapets; it is crossed on 
 one side by the Birmingham 
 Canal, and on the other by the 
 great road leading to Lichfield. 
 The tall chimney on the right 
 belongs to the Birmingham 
 Water Works Company, for 
 supplying the town.. Embo¬ 
 somed in trees, is Aston Hall, 
 the residence of James Watt, 
 Esq. It was originally built by 
 Sir T. Holte, Bart., in the 
 reigns of James I. and Charles 
 I. He was one of the most 
 faithful adherents of the cause 
 of the latter. A little to the 
 right of the Hall are the retired 
 village and church of Aston. 
 From this spot a good side view 
 
 Right. 
 
 House in the midst of the 
 trees, formerly the residence of 
 Mr. Galton, now used as a lu¬ 
 natic asylum. 
 
 Saltley Chapel, built by a gen¬ 
 tleman in the neighbourhood. 
 Saltley village cannot be seen 
 from the line. 
 
 Birmingham Canal com¬ 
 mences at Primrose Hill, Bir¬ 
 mingham, and proceeds to Wils- 
 don-green, and Smethwick, by 
 Blue-gates, West Bromwich, 
 Oldbury, over Puppy-green, by 
 Church-lane, Tipton, and Bil- 
 ston ; by the skirts of the town 
 of Wolverhampton, by Gos- 
 brook Mill near Aldersley, into 
 the Staffordshire canal, which 
 unites the Grand Trunk with 
 the Severn, being a course of 
 22 miles, with arise from Bir¬ 
 mingham to Smethwick of 18 
 feet; from Smethwick to Wol¬ 
 verhampton is a level; and from 
 thence to Addersley there is a 
 fall of 114 feet in the short 
 space of one mile and three- 
 quarters. Out of this canal at 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Bridge 
 
 n 
 
 Emban. 
 
 is 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 109 
 
 of Birmingham is obtained; its 
 spires, turreted towers, and 
 tall chimneys, have, in the dis¬ 
 tance, a picturesque appear¬ 
 ance. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Hand worth contains, with 
 the hamlets of Perrybar and 
 Soho, about 4000 inhabitants. 
 The church (lately enlarged) 
 contains two elegant marble 
 monuments to the memory ot 
 Messrs. Bolton and Watt, the 
 celebrated engineers. That to 
 the memory of Mr. Watt is 
 placed in a handsome oratory, 
 erected purposely for its recep¬ 
 tion : this monument has been 
 described under the head of Bir¬ 
 mingham. Near this spot is 
 the division between the coun¬ 
 ties of Warwick and Stafford. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 3 
 
 Excav. 
 
 The red building is Lea Hall, 
 occupied by Mr. Spencer; near 
 it is the celebrated Soho manu¬ 
 factory. 
 
 The white house belongs to 
 Mr. Rawlings, a manufacturer 
 of Birmingham. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 3j 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Exeav. 
 
 41 
 
 Hampstead Hall . 
 
 Sandwell Pai'fc, the seat of 
 the Earl of Dartmouth.—This 
 elegant mansion stands on the 
 site of a Benedictine priory, a 
 few vestiges of which still le- 
 main. The situation of the 
 house, and the beautiful scene¬ 
 ry which surrounds it, renders 
 this a delightful spot. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 5 
 
 Emban. 
 
 51 
 
 Exeav. 
 
 West Bromwich is a large and 
 populous village in the county 
 of Stafford, about two miles 
 westward of the line. It has, 
 within a few years, risen from 
 insignificance to a degree of im¬ 
 portance in trade and manufac¬ 
 tures truly astonishing. In this 
 parish are the largest gas-works 
 in the kingdom, supplying a 
 great part of the town of Bir- 
 
 6 | 
 
 Emban. 
 
 West Bromwich, there is a cut 
 or branch which passes over Ry- 
 der’s-green, to the colleries at 
 Wednesbuiy, nearly five miles. 
 A canal commences about a 
 mile from Dudley, and proceeds 
 through Urchill-coppice and 
 Brierly-hill-coppice to Black- 
 delft, and falls into a canal on 
 the left of Brockmore-green. It 
 then proceeds to Wordsley, 
 across the high road from Stour¬ 
 bridge to Hampton, joining the 
 Grand Trunk at thirty-four 
 miles from the Trent naviga¬ 
 tion and twelve miles from the 
 Severn. 
 
 In the distance is a clump of 
 trees, known as Barr Beacon, 
 where Charles I. harangued the 
 troops he brought out of Shrop¬ 
 shire at the commencement of 
 the civil war in 1642. Near it 
 is Ascott Col'ege, though not 
 seen from the line. 
 
 PERRY BARR STATION. 
 
 Perry Hall, the seat of J. 
 Gough, Esq. 
 
 Sutton Colefield is a market- 
 town, and large parish in the 
 north-western part of the coun¬ 
 ty of Warwick, in an excellent 
 air, among pleasant woods, but 
 in a barren soil. It is of great 
 antiquity, and was known in 
 the times of the Saxons. 
 
 The church is a stately Gothic 
 structure, consisting of a nave 
 and two side aisles, with a square 
 tower. 
 
 The principal trade of the 
 place consists in making barrels 
 for guns, axes, forks, knives, 
 buttons, and such other articles 
 as depend 'upon the different 
 trades in Birmingham, by which 
 great numbers of people are 
 constantlyemployed. Theabove 
 articles are made by the assis- 
 
 K 
 
110 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 mingham, anil the entire of the 
 parishes of Bilston, Tipton, 
 
 Oklbury, and Darlaston, beside 
 several smaller places. In the 
 neighbourhood are several coal 
 and iron mines. The aggregate 
 length of the several series of 
 main pipes, is from eighty to 
 ninety miles. Walter Parsons, 
 porter to James I., whose pic¬ 
 ture formerly hung up in the 
 grand banqueting - room of 
 Whitehall, was born here : he 
 was so tall and strong, that he 
 could take up two of the tallest Bridge 
 Yeomen of the Guards under 
 his arms, and carry them where 
 he pleased, despite their resist¬ 
 ance. 6f 
 
 NEWTON ROAD 
 STATION. 
 
 This, like the Perry Barr 
 Station, is only a stopping- 
 place for the mixed trains. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Charley Mount, the seat of Mr. 
 Aldford. 
 
 7-i 
 
 ‘4 
 
 Dudley, about miles from 
 the line, is a market town, con¬ 
 taining a population of about 
 24,000 inhabitants, the greater 
 part of whom are engaged in 
 mining and in the manufacture 
 of nails and flint glass. 
 
 The ancient castle, of which 
 there still remains the keep and 
 the gateway, is said to have 
 been erected about the year 
 700 , by a person named Dodo, 
 from whom the name of the 
 town is derived. Underneath 
 the hill, whereon the castle was 
 situated, there are stupendous 
 caverns, from whence the lime¬ 
 stone has been conveyed away, 
 which are truly august, being 
 of considerable extent, and 
 proportionably high; the roof 
 being supported by rude pil- 
 
 Emban. 
 
 8f 
 
 Ext*av. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 9 
 
 Emban. 
 
 i 
 
 tance of mills, which are worked 
 by some small rivulets that take 
 their rise from the common. 
 But as the streams themselves 
 are not capable of constantly 
 moving the mills by their com¬ 
 mon current, reservoirs are 
 made; but these have some¬ 
 times been attended with in¬ 
 conveniences, by overflowing 
 their banks. A particular in¬ 
 stance of this happened in the 
 year 1GG8, when there was so 
 great an inundation as almost 
 to ruin the place; but the loss 
 was made up by voluntary sub¬ 
 scriptions of the neighbouring 
 gentlemen. 
 
 Ray Hall. 
 
 Barr Hall is surrounded by a 
 park of considerable extent, to 
 which there are three entrances. 
 There is the greatest variety of 
 hills, dales, wood, and water, 
 together with most extensive 
 views. Some distance from the 
 Hall there is a handsome chapel, 
 with a beautiful and \ ell-pro¬ 
 portioned spire. There are 11 
 lofty windows, seven of which 
 are ornamented in the most ele¬ 
 gant manner with stained glass. 
 
 JPisfoaZnies about 1.J mile to 
 the east of the line ; it is a 
 market town and borough, in 
 the county of Stafford, and 
 pleasantly situated on the sum¬ 
 mit and acclivities of a rock of 
 lime-stone. Various mines of 
 coal, iron-stone and lime-stone 
 are in the neighbourhood ; the 
 latter is celebrated as being 
 susceptible of a polish nearly 
 equal to marble. In sundry an¬ 
 cient records it is written Wale- 
 shall, or Walshall, supposed to 
 have derived its name from 
 having, in ages long gone by, 
 been either a forest, or near to 
 
ROUTE 
 
 111 
 
 lars cf vast dimensions, which i 
 have been left by the miners 
 for that purpose. There is one 
 tunnel that entirely perforates 
 the hill, it is nearly two miles 
 in length, thirteen feet in ! 
 height, nine feet in width, and i 
 in one part sixty four feet be- | 
 low the surface. 
 
 These enormous subterra- j 
 nean works, with the method j 
 of procuring the stone, are! 
 highly deserving the attention 
 of strangers, who have there 
 an opportunity of seeing this 
 useful article forced from its 
 natural situation by means of Bridge 
 gunpowder, raised from the 
 bowels of the earth, and con¬ 
 veyed through the country by 
 means of inland navigation, to 
 serve the purpose of the agri¬ 
 culturist and the architect. In 
 these rocks there are numerous 
 marine productions, and among 
 others, one which the miners 
 denominate the Dudley locust, 
 for which they have been Emban. 
 known to refuse its weight in 
 gold; it being understood that 
 there is only one other place in 
 the kingdom where they are to 
 be found. Near the castle are 
 the ruins of a priory of Bene¬ 
 dictine monks. 
 
 Wednesbury , erected on a de¬ 
 clivity ; and on the summit the 
 church, with a lofty spire. This 
 church is a beautiful Gothic 
 edifice. Withinside the church 
 there are numerous ancient 
 monuments, and an inscrip¬ 
 tion, signifying that William 
 Hopkins, yeoman, Richard 
 Hawkes, and Robert Carter, 
 caused the chimes of this 
 church to be made and set up, 
 at their equal and proper cost 
 and charges, a.d. 1035. The 
 clock, which is represented to 
 be a remarkably good one, has 
 a pendulum upon an unusual 
 construction, the rod being 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 one, to which the Druids used 
 to resort for the celebration of 
 their religious rites. Queen 
 Elizabeth, in one of her tours 
 through the country, affixed 
 the royal seal and signature, at 
 Walshall, on the 13th of July, 
 in the 23th year of her reign, to 
 a deed containing a grant of 
 certain lands to the town, which 
 deed is preserved in the archives 
 of the corporation. The Reform 
 Bill conferred on this town the 
 privilege of sending one mem¬ 
 ber to Parliament. 
 
 Mr. Siddons, the husband of 
 the celebrated actress, was born 
 in this town : he was originally 
 a barber, but having an incli¬ 
 nation for the stage, he joined 
 the itinerant company of Mr. 
 Kemble, and married one of 
 his daughters, who afterwards 
 proved the heroine of the stage. 
 Thos. Haskey, the celebrated 
 ventriloquist, was also a native 
 of this town. He was by trade 
 a bridle-bit maker. When 
 young, he did not know the 
 abilities he possessed, but hear¬ 
 ing O’Burn, he endeavoured to 
 imitate him. He repeatedly 
 from the gallery entertained 
 the audience by sham dia¬ 
 logues, in two voices, between 
 himself and Tommy. He was 
 an ignorant man, but possess¬ 
 ing this unusual faculty, he 
 was frequently sent for by Lord 
 Dudley, to entertain the com¬ 
 pany at Himley. Heafterwards 
 went to London, and per¬ 
 formed at Sadler’s Wells, in the 
 year 1796, and when his benefit 
 came on, he cleared £200. 
 
 About one mile from the 
 town, on the road to Wolver¬ 
 hampton, is a strong chaly¬ 
 beate water, called Alum-well. 
 
 The chief articles manufac¬ 
 tured in this town and its vici¬ 
 nity are bridle-bits, stirrups, 
 spurs, and other articles either 
 used or sold by the saddlers. 
 
112 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 fourteen yards in length, and 
 the ball of it weighs one hun¬ 
 dred pounds. 
 
 The church-yard is of consi¬ 
 derable extent, and being in 
 such an elevated situation, 
 those who profess to delineate 
 panoramas may here find ample 
 scope to display their abilities. 
 
 Wednesbury forge, with a tall 
 chimney, belongs to Mr. El well, 
 manufacturer of edge tools. 
 
 Darlaston is situated f of a 
 mile westward of the line. It 
 contains a large manufactory 
 for bar iron, and the articles 
 wrought from this material are 
 very numerous, as gun-lock , 
 bits, stirrups, buckles, nails, 
 screws, &c. On a hill at Berry 
 bank, within the parish, are 
 said to N be the ruins of a large 
 castle, vdrich, according to tra¬ 
 dition, was the seat of Wul- 
 phur, king of Mercia, who 
 murdered his two sons for em¬ 
 bracing Christianity. 
 
 Bilston, about 1A mile west 
 of the line, is a populous mar¬ 
 ket town and chapelry in the 
 parish of Wolverhampton. 
 The chief manufactures of the 
 neighbouring towns consist of 
 various iron and steel goods. 
 The whole district is traversed 
 by canals, tram-roads, &c. for 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 10 
 
 Emban. 
 
 11 
 
 Excav 
 
 Ilf 
 
 BESCOT BRIDGE 
 STATION. 
 
 The main road from Wed¬ 
 nesbury to Walsall crosses here. 
 Opposite the station is Bescot 
 Hall, the residence of Mr. Mar¬ 
 shall, banker. 
 
 Cross the river Fame by a 
 handsome iron bridge. 
 
 JAMES’S BRIDGE 
 STATION. 
 
 Bentley Farm, belonging to 
 Mr. Foster. 
 
 Bentley Hall, in which King 
 Charles I. was for some time 
 concealed after the battle of 
 Worcester. 
 
 WILLENHALL STATION. 
 
 Willenliall is a populous and 
 extensive village. In Doomsday 
 Book this place is called Wine- 
 hala, the Saxon word for vic¬ 
 tory ; it probably derived its 
 name from a decisive battle, 
 obtained by Edward the elder 
 over the Danes, in or near the 
 
 | village, in 910 or 911. Thema- 
 the conveyance of merchandise, jp, . nufacture of locks and keys is 
 and presents to the traveller i-Ibmban. carried on here verv extensive- 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 presents to the traveller 
 subject for admiration and sur¬ 
 prise more than beauty. En¬ 
 gines, mills, coal pits, iron- 
 mines, and factories are to be 
 seen on all sides, with volumes 
 of white steam, or thick clouds 
 of smoke. By night the effect of 
 the fires in huge furnaces and 
 tall chimneys, vomiting forth 
 flames and fiery-coloured 
 smoke, has a most strange ; nd 
 unnatural appearance. In the 
 distance, left of the line, ap 
 pear the Rowley Hills, a ridge 
 of trap, or basaltic rock, which, 
 at the time of its elevation, up- 
 heaved the coal strata around I tinned 
 them. 
 
 carried on here very extensive- 
 I ly, besides which, immense 
 i quantities of latches, bolts, cur- 
 ' rycombs, files, gridirons, chaff¬ 
 ing dishes, bits, spurs, &c. The 
 church dedicated to St. Giles is 
 in the archdeaconry of Stafford, 
 in the gift of the lord of the 
 manor. 
 
 The sides of the excavation 
 from here to Wolverhampton 
 exhibits a mixture of whitish 
 clay and coal. Just before reach¬ 
 ing Wolverhampton Station 
 pass through Wednesfield tun¬ 
 nel, 180 yards long, hewn out 
 of a bed of coal. 
 
 Emerging from this dark tun¬ 
 nel we arrive at 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 - 
 
 . 
 
 
Kcwbastuti 
 
 READ EA 
 Fn 21i 
 
 Brewooc 
 
 'thei'tonl’ark 
 
 <J|\ So men 
 (‘hminoton S‘. 
 
 Cannock. 
 
 •ilhersto 
 
 UtonJxwk 
 
 STATI 
 
 Fdsal 
 
 ■rJiar.iptou 
 
 Wmenhall 
 
 [biii/ Hijltt 1 
 
 y'’J{u.syhiill 
 
 ;^ValsaJ)L 
 
 h,Ov?i’Fe> 
 
 Delves 
 
 rotmv 
 
 /'.&»/,/ Ha. 
 
 %\ \ Mt/ TV 
 
 StiuJn ei 
 
 V <’"/.■ / 
 
 'm’it 
 
113 
 
 WOLVERHAMPTON STATiCM'. 
 141 Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 First Train, lst-class- •• • 40m. p. 7 
 Second Train, Mixed • - 26m. p. 9 
 Third Train, lst-class • • 10m. p. 12 
 Fourth Train, lst-class 10m. p. 3 
 Fifth Train, Mixed • •• • 26m. p. 5 
 Sixth Train, lst-class •-40m. p. 7 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from LI¬ 
 VERPOOL & MANCHESTER. 
 
 First Train, lst-class- ■ • . 30m. p. 10 
 Second Train, Mixed • • 6m. p. 1 
 Third Train, lst-class • • 30m. p. 3 
 Fourth Train, lst-class 30m. p. 6 
 Fifth Train, Mixed ••• ■ 6m. p. 0 
 Sixth Train, lst-class .. 30m. p. 10 
 
 Two omnibuses are in attendance to take passengers 
 for coaches to Dudley and Stourbridge \ to 7 o’clock, 
 a.m. ; Kidderminster and Worcester, p.m. ; Shifnal 
 and Shrewsbury, 9 a.m., £ before 1, £ before 5, and 
 n p.m. ; Bridgenorth, 4 p.m.; Shifnal, Ironbridge, 
 and Salop, 3i p.m., from the Peacock to Dudley, at 1 
 and 6 o’clock, p.m., from Crown and Cushion ; also to 
 any hotel, or any part of the town : fare, sixpence. 
 
 Wolverhampton, about a mile and a quarter from 
 the line, a place of great antiquity, and was anciently 
 called Hanton or Hamton ; but Wulfruna, sister of 
 King Edgar, and relict of Aldhelm, Duke of Nor¬ 
 thumberland, having founded a college here in the 
 year 996, which she endowed with so many privileges 
 that it was afterwards called Wulfran’s Hamton , of 
 which its present name is a corruption. In the wars 
 of Charles and the Parliament, Wolverhampton de¬ 
 clared for the king, who visited the place, accompa¬ 
 nied by his sons, Charles, prince of Wales, and James, 
 duke of York. It is nearly surrounded by gardens, 
 which not only conduce to the pure and innocent 
 
 k 3 
 
114 
 
 WOLVERHAMPTON. 
 
 pleasure of the inhabitants, but contribute no doubt 
 to the healthiness and salubrity for which it is so 
 celebrated. It possesses great local advantages, from 
 having some of the best and most prolific ironstone 
 and coal mines in the kingdom nearly close up to it. 
 A prodigious quantity of locks and keys are made in 
 this town and neighbourhood; indeed nothing can 
 exceed the skill and ingenuity of the locksmiths, 
 their productions surpassing, both in usefulness and 
 beauty, all articles of the same kind made in any 
 other district of England. Among the staple manu¬ 
 factures of the town, japanned wares in iron, tin, and 
 paper, are brought to a very high degree of perfec¬ 
 tion : almost every description of goods used in 
 building and cabinet furniture, edge and various other 
 tools, brass and iron founding in its greatest variety, 
 with nearly every species of article formed from brass, 
 iron, steel, and tin. In 1590, the greater part of the 
 town was destroyed by a fire, which continued burning 
 for five days. 
 
 The modern streets are well-built and lighted, and 
 contain many handsome and substantial houses. A 
 public subscription library and news-room occupy 
 the lower part of a commodious building, in which 
 assemblies and concerts are likewise held. A Literary 
 and Philosophical Society is established, but not yet 
 supported in a manner at all proportioned to its merits; 
 a circumstance not reflecting much honour on the 
 professedly intelligent and higher classes of the in¬ 
 habitants. The Mechanic's Institution is in a more 
 
WOLVERHAMPTON. 
 
 115 
 
 flourishing condition—for obvious reasons, being pa¬ 
 tronized by the more know’edge-loving part of the 
 community. The theatre is opened occasionally; it is 
 a small and unpretending structure. Races are an¬ 
 nually held in August, in an extensive area near the 
 town, and deservedly rank among the most flourishing 
 in this part of the country. In the centre of the mar¬ 
 ket-place stands a cast-iron column, forty-five feet 
 high, surmounted by a large gas lantern. The Colle¬ 
 giate Church* is an ancient and exceedingly beautiful 
 cruciform structure, in the early decorated style of 
 architecture, with a handsome square embattled tower 
 rising from the centre. It contains a carved stone pul¬ 
 pit, formed of one entire block ; an ancient font, and 
 the interesting monument of the Lanes. In the church¬ 
 yard is a column, twenty feet high, greatly enriched 
 with sculpture of various designs, supposed to be of 
 either Saxon or Danish origin. There are three other 
 churches in Wolverhampton, and many religious es¬ 
 tablishments belonging to various sects of dissenters; 
 also a Free Grammar School, Blue Coat Charity, 
 National, Sunday, and other schools. The population 
 of Wolverhampton is about forty thousand: it has a 
 market on Wednesday, and a fair on July 10. 
 
 Inns.— The Swan Hotel; the New Hotel; the 
 Star and Garter ; the Peacock. 
 
 * The celebrated Dr. Hall, Bishop of Norwich, officiated for two 
 years as prebendary of this church. 
 
116 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 Left. 
 
 Quitting Wolverhampton sta¬ 
 tion, Tettenhall Wood im¬ 
 proves the landscape, backed 
 by the Clent Hills. 
 
 Oxley Hall, the birth-place 
 of the late Mr. Huskisson. 
 
 Chamberlain’s Mill . 
 
 Bridgenorth, in the county of 
 Salop, about 14 miles from 
 Wolverhampton, is most ro¬ 
 mantically situated on the 
 banks of the Severn, by which 
 it is intersected. The part 
 standing on its eastern sFde is 
 designated the low, and that on 
 its western the high town, 
 which, extending along the flat 
 of the hill, rises 90 feet above 
 the level of the river. The two 
 parts of the town are connected 
 by a handsome bridge. This 
 borough returns two members. 
 
 ChUlington Bark, belonging 
 to Mr. Giffard, who enjoys the 
 reputation of being one of the 
 “ fine old English gentlemen.” 
 
 Nearly opposite Four Ashes 
 Station, about one mile from 
 the line, in the midst of trees, 
 so as to be concealed from the 
 view of the traveller, is Somer- 
 ford Hall, the residence of E. 
 Monckton, Esq.; and about 
 one mile and a half north-east 
 of this seat is the small ancient 
 town of Brewood, containing, 
 with its liberties, 6,000 inhabi¬ 
 tants. 
 
 Here terminates the Stande- 
 ford embankment, the longest 
 in the line, being six miles in 
 length, with a very trifling ex¬ 
 ception ; in some places it is 
 thirty-six feet high, and carries 
 the road over thirteen bridges. 
 
 SPREAD EAGLE STA¬ 
 TION. 
 
 Water Eaton village. 
 
 m 
 
 Emban. 
 
 16 ! 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 18 ! 
 
 Canal 
 
 Excav. 
 
 19 
 
 Emban. 
 
 19 ! 
 
 19f 
 
 Emban. 
 
 20 
 
 Excav. 
 
 21 | 
 
 Xiight. 
 
 Bushbury Hill, with the vil¬ 
 lage church on an elevation and 
 the surrounding scenery, ren¬ 
 ders this part of the line very 
 interesting. 
 
 Low Hill, the seat of Mr. 
 Pountnoy. 
 
 Bushbury, 2\ miles from Wol¬ 
 verhampton, contains above 
 1,300 inhabitants. The living 
 is a discharged vicarage in the 
 patronage of the principal land- 
 owners in the parish. There 
 are considerable coal works in 
 the neighbourhood. 
 
 Moseley Court, the ancient 
 seat of the Whitgreave family. 
 Here Charles the First was con¬ 
 cealed for some time. Near this 
 ancient building is the Hall, a 
 modern erection, occupied by 
 Captain Hollyoak. 
 
 Apsley Halt, now occupied by 
 Mr. Lovatt, a farmer. 
 
 FOUR ASHES STATION. 
 
 Cannock Chase, which con¬ 
 tains 26,000 acres principally 
 laying waste, was in earlier times 
 a forest or chase used by the Mer¬ 
 cian kings. One part has lately 
 been enclosed by the boundary 
 of Beaudesert Park, seat of the 
 Marquess of Auglesea. Here 
 are the remains of a moat, en¬ 
 closing an oblong square of three 
 acres, called the Old Nunnery, 
 where a Cisterian Abbey was 
 founded in the reign of Stephen. 
 
 Here the old Watling Street 
 crosses the Railroad, leading to 
 Shrewsbury. 
 

V- WtfJtim 
 
 Button 
 
 Swifte-shethl 
 
 iowv/’S 
 
 'innotion 
 
 ■)////, 
 
 Jl( iifdmeese 
 
 l-Aiiksrtvn 
 
 a 
 
 Told 
 
 Nbrhnjg 
 
 S/iii/fout 
 
 EllenhaU 
 
 JtantvTL it 
 
 \Ast 07 l 
 
 Jit-mm/fo,, 
 
 Staflar 
 ((ixtlcdllf&fy. . 
 
 -—--Jyfaixn 
 
 'msec 
 
 Hxuujhton 
 
 lev(‘Ja< 
 
 lapley 
 
 yttori// 
 
 Ecde shall '•‘<0 
 
 WheatonMiitorA 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 117 
 
 Stretton, a chapelry in the 
 parish of Penkridge; the living 
 is a perpetual curacy, m the 
 jurisdiction of the Royal Pecu¬ 
 liar Court of Penkridge, m the 
 patronage of the Littleton fa- 
 mily. This ancient place is sup¬ 
 posed to occupy the site of the 
 Roman Pennicrocium. Several 
 Roman coins and other relics 
 have been found on the spot. 
 
 Leaving this station, the vil¬ 
 lages of Thickerscote and Silk- 
 more appear in the distance. 
 
 Lovedale. 
 
 The next object of interest is 
 Stafford Castle, the tower of j 
 which is seen. 
 
 Rodbaston Hall. 
 
 We enter on an embankment, 
 continuing half a mile, which 
 crosses the river Penk, on which 
 the town of Penkridge stands. 
 Penkridge is seen to advantage 
 from the great elevation of the 
 line; and the river, by its serpen¬ 
 tine windings, gives an agreea¬ 
 ble appearance to the landscape 
 below. The town evidently de¬ 
 rives its name from the river. 
 
 PENKRIDGE STATION. 
 
 Acton Trussel. 
 
 Dunston Church. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 22 } 
 
 1 23 
 
 24 
 
 sTAProaa station - . 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 First Train.15m. past 7 
 
 Second Train. 13m. past 1U 
 
 Third Train.45m. past 12 
 
 Fourth Train.45m. past 3 
 
 Fifth Train .13m. past 6 
 
 Sixth Train .15m. past 8 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from Ll- 
 VPRPOOL& MANCHESTER. 
 
 First Train .. 
 Second Train 
 Third Train 
 Fourth Train 
 FifthTrain • • 
 Sixth Train . 
 
 45m. past 9 
 15m. past 12 
 45m. past 
 45m. past 
 15m. past 
 45m. past 
 
 A train leaves this station for Wolverhampton and 
 Birmingham at eight o’clock in the morning ; and 
 leaves Birmingham at half-past seven o’clock m the 
 
 evening. 
 
 Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers 
 to any part of the town. Coaches to the Potteries 
 daily at 10, 3, \ past 6, and to Newport, Shifnal, and 
 Shrewsbury, daily from the Swan Hotel. A coach to 
 Uttoxeter, Derby, and Nottingham, at 10£ f.m. 
 
 Newcastle, at 5 a.m. 
 
 Travellers anxious to seethe Potteries should leave 
 
 (MO COO 
 
118 
 
 STAFFORD. 
 
 the railway at this station, and proceed by coach or 
 omnibus, to Stone, Stoke-upon-Trent, Burslem, New- 
 castle-under-Lyne, and thence to the Whitmore sta¬ 
 tion to resume the line. A day or two may be most 
 agreeably employed by visiting the interesting manu¬ 
 factories in this neighbourhood. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 Is a place of great antiquity, pleasantly situated 
 about i of a mile from the station. The entrance 
 from the London road is by a neat bridge. The mo¬ 
 dern houses are in general well-built, and many of 
 them are handsome. The environs abound with 
 mansions and villas belonging to the resident gentry. 
 Assemblies are held occasionally in the Town Hall, 
 and races take place annually in May. The chief 
 branch of manufacture is that of shoes. Stafford ale 
 is celebrated. 
 
 From a very early period Stafford has been ac¬ 
 quiring importance; castles have been built and re¬ 
 built by successive princes and possessors. In 700 
 it is said to have been the residence of the pious St. 
 Bertalin, son of a Mercian king. Ethelfleda, Coun¬ 
 tess of Mercia, erected a castle here in 913, and for¬ 
 tified the town with walls and a fosse. It appears to 
 have increased greatly in extent and importance, and 
 is in Doomsday Book called a city, in which the king 
 had eighteen burgesses in demesne, and the Earl of 
 Mercia twenty mansions. William the Conqueror 
 built a castle here to keep the barons in subjection, 
 
STAFFORD. 
 
 119 
 
 and appointed as governor Robert de Tceni, the 
 progenitor of the house of Stafford. It was rebuilt 
 in the reign of Edward III., and in the Parliamen¬ 
 tary war was garrisoned for the king, but taken by 
 the Parliamentary troops, and finally demolished. 
 
 1 he castellated building which now forms so pro¬ 
 minent a feature in the landscape on approaching the 
 Stafford Station, is a modern erection, on the ancient 
 site, commenced by Lord Stafford (then Sir George 
 Jernyngham) ; only one front, flanked by two round 
 towers, was completed, these now contain a quantity 
 of ancient armour, well deserving the attention of 
 the antiquarian and the curious. It is seldom inha¬ 
 bited by the family, but is preserved by a house¬ 
 keeper and servants. Stafford gives the title of baron 
 to the Jernyngham family, and marquis to that of 
 Gower. Izaak Walton, the author of the celebrated 
 treatise on angling, was a native of this place. There 
 are two parish churches, and places of worship for 
 Independents, Presbyterians, Methodists, Roman 
 Catholics, and the Society of Friends. The principal 
 public buildings are a Free Grammar School, origi¬ 
 nally founded prior to Edward VI., the County 
 Lunatic Asylum, the County Infirmary, and House 
 of Recovery, with a number of others. 
 
 Inns —The Swan, George, and Vine. 
 
 The Potteries , an opulent and highly interesting 
 district, about seven miles to the east of the line, 
 comprises within its range the borough of Stoke upon 
 Trent, and the several townships and villages of 
 
120 
 
 POTTERIES. 
 
 Burslem, Hanley, Shelton, Etruria, with Longport 
 and Brovvnhills, Lane End, with Long-ton, Tunstal, 
 Lane, Delph, Cobridge, and their neighbourhoods. 
 The district extends about ten miles in length and 
 nearly two in breadth, and is entirely in the county 
 of Stafford. It abounds with coal and clays of great 
 variety. 
 
 This great manufacturing neighbourhood is covered 
 with scattered villages, and contains about 20,000 in¬ 
 habitants. Although the making of articles of pottery 
 has been carried on here from a remote period, yet 
 the manufacture was of inferior importance, until the 
 great improvements effected in the latter part of the 
 last century, since which time the excellence and 
 beauty of the wares have produced a most extensive 
 traffic. The exports of earthenware and china to the 
 United States alone amount to 100,000 packages 
 annually. The several species of ware invented by 
 Mr. Wedgewood, varied by the industry and inge¬ 
 nuity of other manufacturers into an infinity of forms, 
 and differently painted and embellished, constitute 
 nearly the whole of the fine earthenwares at present 
 manufactured in England. The following is a short 
 account of each of the interesting places of which 
 “ The Potteries” is composed. 
 
 St ok e-up on-Trent is a parish, market-town, and 
 borough (by the Reform Bill); population, 37,220. 
 It is situated on the river Trent, and the Trent and 
 Mersey Canal passes through it. It had formerly a 
 very ancient church, which has given place to a 
 
POTTERIES. 
 
 121 
 
 modern structure, erected in 1826. It contains a 
 monument to the memory of the late Josiah Wedge- 
 wood. The town contains manv china manufactories, 
 wharfs, and warehouses, and is considered the parish 
 town of the Potteries. The Reform Bill created this 
 town a borough, and William Copeland, Esq., aider- 
 man of London, and one of the largest china manu¬ 
 facturers in England, in conjunction with John 
 Davenport, Esq., of Westwood Hall, now represent it 
 in Parliament. This was the first place in which a 
 steam-engine was erected for grinding calcined flint. 
 There are places of worship in the town for various 
 sects of Dissenters, and a commodious school, in which 
 about five hundred children are educated upon the 
 national plan. 
 
 When visiting the extensive manufactory of Messrs, 
 Minten and Boyle at Stoke, I received much attention 
 fromMr.Greatbatch, the representative of the proprie¬ 
 tors, who, with much politeness, explained every pro¬ 
 cess, from the rough mould to the most elegantly 
 finished piece of china. I know of nothing which 
 afforded me more gratification than witnessing with 
 what ease the art of man can form a shapeless piece 
 of clay into a thousand elegant and useful forms. For 
 the gratification it afforded, I take this opportunity of 
 tendering my grateful acknowledgments. 
 
 Hanley is a market town and chapelry in the parish 
 of Stoke, about two miles from Newcastle ; it con¬ 
 tains about 7,000 inhabitants. The church is a hand- 
 
122 
 
 POTTERIES. 
 
 some structure, and is remarkable for its tower, which 
 is one hundred feet high. The living is a perpetual 
 curacy, in the archdeaconry of Stafford, and diocese 
 of Lichfield and Coventry, endowed with <£1,100 pri¬ 
 vate benefaction, <£1,000 by the crown, and <£200 by 
 a parliamentary grant; patrons, the trustees. The 
 Grand Trunk Canal flows near the town, which 
 affords great facility for the exportation of earthen¬ 
 ware ; and a company is established for the express 
 purpose of carrying that article. 
 
 Lane End, nine miles from the railway, forms, 
 with the township of Longton, a populous market 
 town, belonging to the parish of Stoke, situate nearly 
 at the southern extremity of the Potteries, four miles 
 south-east of Newcastle. It has within a few years, 
 owing to the prosperous state of the manufactures of 
 the district, attained to considerable opulence and 
 importance. The population of the two townships 
 jointly is 10,000. 
 
 Shelton is a township adjoining Hanley, in the 
 parish of Stoke. In this place are the works and 
 beautiful villa of Etruria, erected by the late talented 
 Josiah Wedge wood, Esq. The elegant specimens of 
 art produced at these works, under his own superin¬ 
 tendence, are imitations of the original vases found in 
 Italy, and will well repay the visit of the stranger. 
 
 Burslem is a town of some antiquity, and long dis¬ 
 tinguished for the variety and excellence of the clay 
 which abounds in its vicinity \ and it was noted as 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 123 
 
 early as the seventeenth century, as the principal 
 place in the kingdom for the manufactures of earth¬ 
 enware and pottery. 
 
 Longport and Brownhills are both manufacturing* 
 districts for pottery, in the parish of Burslem. 
 
 T'install, another of the market towns in the Pot¬ 
 tery district, forms part of the borough of Stoke ; its 
 situation is elevated, and a considerable business is 
 done here in blue bricks, tiles, porcelain, and earthen¬ 
 ware; there are also some chemical works, which 
 afford employment to hundreds. Fine clay, coal, 
 iron, and lime-stone, together with other minerals, 
 are found here in great abundance. 
 
 Lane, Delph, Fenton, and Cobridge are small places, 
 but doing an extensive pottery trade, and employing a 
 considerable population. The first and second-named 
 places are situated between the towns of Stoke and 
 Lane End, and the two last between Hanley and 
 Burslem. 
 
 
 Hight. 
 
 Leaving Stafford Station, the 
 castle appears, and Beacon Hill 
 forming the back-ground. The 
 road crosses the river Sow, 
 which pursues its course on the 
 left. 
 
 Village of Aston, a township 
 in the parish of Muekleston, 
 county of Stafford, eight miles 
 from Newcastle - under - Ly ne, 
 containing about 300 inhabi¬ 
 tants. 
 
 Seighford contains 500 inhabi¬ 
 tants ; the living is a discharged 
 vicarage in the patronage of the 
 crown, rated in the king’s books 
 
 Bridge 
 301 
 
 Emban.i Cresswell Hall, a plain, neat 
 erection, encompassed by richly- 
 . wooded grounds, forms a pretty 
 
 off object in the landscape. It is 
 the residence of the Rev. T. 
 „ . , Whitley. 
 
 Jbriage The road h ere recrosses the 
 aCl'OSS | river Sow, which is seen mean¬ 
 dering on the right of the line. 
 The ground is marshy, and I 
 understand abounds with snipes. 
 Herons may also occasionally 
 be found here. 
 
 L 2 
 
 the 
 
 river 
 
 Sow 
 
124 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 at £G a year. There is a bequest 
 by Dame Dorothy Bridgman to 
 instruct six poor children of this 
 parish. The pretty tower of the 
 church peeps from amid the 
 scenery. 
 
 BRIDGFORD STATION. 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 32 h 
 Excav. 
 
 Sandon is a pretty village 
 about five miles east of the line 
 of railroad, and near the Grand 
 Trunk Canal It contains GOO 
 inhabitants, and its most dis¬ 
 tinguished building is the Hall, 
 which belongs to the Earl of 
 Harrowby. 
 
 Chebsey contains, with the 
 townsh ip of Cold- N orton, about 
 500 inhabitants. The living, 
 which is a vicarage, is in the 
 patronage of the Dean and 
 Chapter of Lichfield. A tall 
 pyramidal stone, to the memory 
 of a bishop slain nesr this place, 
 formerly stood in the cemetery 
 of the church. 
 
 Eccleshall is a small market 
 town, about 2^ miles from the 
 line, situate on the banks of a 
 rivulet which runs into the river 
 Sow. Tradition records that 
 the emperor Nero erected a 
 temple to Jupiter on the site 
 which the castle now occupies, 
 where he reared the Roman 
 standard, whence it was called 
 Eagle’s Hall, since corrupted 
 to its present name. The castle 
 was built by Walter de Lang- 
 ton, bishop of Lichfield, in the 
 year 1209 ; it suffered greatly 
 during the civil wars, was for¬ 
 tified by the royalists, but be¬ 
 ing much battered, it was at 
 length compelled to surrender. 
 
 32f 
 
 Excav. 
 
 331 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 341 
 
 Excav. 
 
 NORTON BRIDGE 
 STATION. 
 
 The road from the bridge, 
 which crosses at this station, 
 leads on the west to Eccleshall, 
 and on the east to Stone. As 
 we advance towards Whitmore, 
 the character or face of the 
 country changes from a compa¬ 
 rative level to one of a hilly 
 kind. On the left we behold 
 in the distance a range of hills, 
 called the Maer Hills. 
 
 35 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Excav. 
 
 36f 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Bridpford Hall, formerly a 
 convent; some remains of the 
 ancient buildings still exist in 
 different parts of the hall and 
 grounds. 
 
 Shallowford, a small strag¬ 
 gling village. 
 
 Worston silk-mill, belonging 
 to Mr. Milner. 
 
 Stone is said to be a place o f 
 great antiquity, and to owe its 
 origin to Wulpher, king of 
 Mercia, who having slain his 
 two sons for becoming Chris¬ 
 tians, became himself a convert 
 to Christianity, and founded a 
 monastery here to expiate his 
 crime, in the year 670. The 
 Saxons, according to their cus¬ 
 tom, heaped stones on their 
 graves to preserve the memory 
 of the place. A town afterwards 
 sprung up, and in remembrance 
 of this event was called Stone. 
 The church is a handsome 
 building in the Gothic style, 
 dedicated to St.Michael. 1'here 
 are several seats in this neigh¬ 
 bourhood belonging to persons 
 of distinction. The late gallant 
 Earl St. Vincent’s remains re¬ 
 pose in the church-yard. 
 
 Norton, from whence the sta¬ 
 tion takes its name, is a small 
 township in the parish of Cheb¬ 
 sey, in the hu ndred of Pine- 
 hill. 
 
 Sivinnerton Park, the scat of 
 M r. Fitzherbert. 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 125 
 
 Standon, a parish in the hun¬ 
 dred of Pinehill, containing 
 about five hundred inhabitants. 
 The living is a rectory in the 
 archdeaconry of Stafford, rated 
 in the king’s books at £6 18. 4. 
 The river Sow bounds the pa¬ 
 rish on the south. Ten poor 
 children are taught to read for 
 £6 per year, the interest, of 
 bequests by two ladies named 
 Tagg and Plant. The church, 
 with the richly-wooded country 
 around it, forms a pleasing 
 object. 
 
 38| 
 
 Emban. 
 
 40* 
 
 Emban. 
 
 41* 
 
 Slight 
 
 Excav. 
 
 m 
 
 Maerwood. 
 
 Deep 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Standon Cottage, belonging to 
 Mr. Lunt. 
 
 Hatton Mill.— Here may be 
 perceived 
 
 Trentham Park, in the midst 
 of which stands the Hall, a very 
 ancient building, inhabited by 
 the Duke of Sutherland. The 
 river Trent runs near to it, to 
 which the park probably owes 
 its name. The house may just 
 be discerned among the trees in 
 the distance. We now begin to 
 approach the third principal 
 station. 
 
 Another Swinnerton Park — 
 there being two of that name 
 in the neighbourhood—brings 
 us to 
 
 WHITMORE STATION. 
 
 43* Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 First Train • • • >.55m. past 7 
 
 Second Train.59m. past 10 
 
 Third Train .25m. past 1 
 
 Fourth Train.25m. past 4 
 
 Fifth Train. 59m. past 6 
 
 Sixth Srain.55m. past 8 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from LI¬ 
 VERPOOL & MANCHESTER. 
 
 First Train.10m. past 9 
 
 Second Train.35m. past 11 
 
 Third Train .10m. past 2 
 
 Fourth Train.10m. past 5 
 
 Fifth Train .35m. past 7 
 
 Sixth Train .10m. past 9 
 
 Coaches daily to Shrewsbury, through Market Dray¬ 
 ton, at 9 o’clock a.m. A coach daily to Drayton, at 5 
 o’clock p.m. A coach through Newcastle to the Potte¬ 
 ries daily. An omnibus daily to Drayton. The Pottery 
 Company’s omnibus daily to Newcastle and Potteries, 
 at 9 o’clock and 11 a.m., and 5 and 7 o’clock p.m. 
 
 I>eft 
 
 Right. 
 
 To Market Drayton. 
 
 Near this spot is one of the 
 highest points of the line, the 
 road inclining towards Liver¬ 
 pool one way, and towards Bir¬ 
 mingham the other. On a con- 
 
 Bridge 
 
 44 
 
 Excav. 
 
 To the Potteries and New¬ 
 castle-under-Lyme, a borough 
 and market town, and a place 
 of some antiquity. The name 
 was taken from a castle built 
 here by Edmund, Earl of Lan- 
 
 L 3 
 
126 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 siderable elevation is Barr Hill, 
 from whence, on a clear day, 
 Liverpool may be distinctly 
 seen. Here is a complete level, 
 but after we have passed it, we 
 begin to descend an inclined 
 plane, which continues to Bas- 
 ford Level. Soon after leaving 
 Whitmore, we find ourselves 
 entering a cutting of bog or 
 moorland, resembling in its 
 character the celebrated Chat 
 Moss. At this part of the road 
 the contractors experienced 
 great difficulty in getting a 
 good bottom. This neighbour¬ 
 hood was formerly celebrated 
 for snipe, grouse, and black 
 game, but, not liking the pro¬ 
 gress of civilization and im¬ 
 provement, they retired as the 
 railway advanced. A little be¬ 
 yond this moor we come in 
 sight of 
 
 Madeley Park, and 
 
 Manor House, the seat of 
 Lady Cuncliffe, daughter of 
 Lord Crewe. 
 
 Woore, a chapelry in that 
 part of the parish of Muckles- 
 ton, in the county of Salop, 
 containing about 400 inhabi¬ 
 tants. About thirty children are 
 taught in a Sunday school, the 
 expenses of which are defrayed 
 by the joint bequests of Wil¬ 
 liam Elkins and Randolph 
 Woolley. 
 
 Checkley Wood, 
 
 Doddington Hall, the seat of 
 General Bough ton, is situated 
 in an extensive park. The 
 mansion is a modern erection, 
 near which are the ruins of a 
 house built, it is said, in 1365. 
 
 Nantwich, four miles from 
 the line, is situate in a luxu¬ 
 riant vale on the banks of the 
 river Weaver. The manufac¬ 
 ture of salt was at one time 
 carried on very extensively, 
 but it has now greatly declined. 
 
 444 
 
 Excav. 
 
 444 
 
 Emban. 
 
 45 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Deep 
 
 Excav. 
 
 47 i 
 Slight 
 Excav. 
 47f 
 
 Enter 
 
 Cheshire 
 
 49£ 
 
 Emban 
 52 h 
 Excav. 
 531 
 
 caster, in the reign of Henry 
 III., in consequence of a pre¬ 
 vious one which stood in the 
 neighbourhood having fallen 
 to ruin, and its descript affix 
 * under Lyme,’ was added on 
 account of its proximity to the 
 forest of Lyme, and to distin¬ 
 guish it from the Newcastle in 
 Northumberland. The chief 
 manufactures are hats and silk¬ 
 throwing. The good or bad 
 state of trade of the Potteries 
 adjacent exercises, to a certain 
 degree, an influence on its wel¬ 
 fare and prosperity. It has sent 
 two members to Parliament 
 ever since the 7th of Edward 
 III: the Reform Act confirmed 
 this privilege, and somewhat 
 extended the suffrage. 
 
 Within a short distance of 
 the station is 
 
 Whitmore Hall, the seat of 
 Capt. Manwaring. 
 
 Snape Hall is prettily situated 
 among rich woods. 
 
 Hay House is the old red 
 building near the line. 
 
 MADELEY STATION. 
 
 Madeley is a parish in the 
 hundred of Puchell, county of 
 Stafford. The church is a com¬ 
 modious structure, with a 
 square embattled tower. The 
 living is a discharged vicarge, 
 in the archdeaconry of Stafford 
 and diocese of Lichfield and 
 Coventry, endowed with £600, 
 in equal sums, by a parliamen¬ 
 tary grant, the crown, and pri¬ 
 vate benefactions. The living 
 is in the patronage of Lord 
 Crew. Here is an endowed 
 school for boys and girls. 
 
 The village of Betley may be 
 distinguished by the spire of 
 its church, which presents a 
 pretty object in the landscape ; 
 it is about three miles from the 
 rail-road. The inhabitants are 
 chiefly occupied in cultivating 
 vegetables. 
 
route. • 
 
 127 
 
 The church is an ancient gothic 
 pile in the form of ft cross* with 
 an octagonal tower rising from 
 the centre. In the inside are 
 several monuments .deserving 
 the notice of the curious, and 
 a beautiful stone pulpit pro¬ 
 jecting from the piers 01 the 
 central tower; and it is afhrmed 
 that there are only two others 
 like it in the kingdom, one of 
 which is in the church at Wol¬ 
 verhampton. During the civil 
 wars, Nantwich was the only 
 town in the county which ad¬ 
 hered steadily, through every 
 change, to the cause of the 
 Parliament; it was besieged 
 and defended with great cou¬ 
 rage. The widow of the im¬ 
 mortal Milton resided here 
 during the latter years of her 
 life. Population about 6,000. 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Betley Hall, the seat of Win. 
 Follet, Esq. 
 
 The sheet of water is called 
 Betley Mere. 
 
 53 j 
 
 Emban. 
 
 54 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Crew Hall, the mansion of 
 Lo r d Crew, is a quadrangular 
 building of considerable dimen¬ 
 sions, the cornices and door¬ 
 cases being of stone; the large 
 bay windows in the front, and 
 the open-worked battlements, 
 add much to the bold appear¬ 
 ance of this elegant structure. 
 The southern entrance opens 
 to an ancient staircase of singu¬ 
 lar structure and great beauty ; 
 its principal apartments are 
 richly ornamented; in the pri¬ 
 vate chapel is a fine painting of 
 the Last Supper. The mansion 
 is surrounded with thick woods, 
 abounding with game. 
 
 
 CREWE STATIOIJ'. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 First Train •• 
 Second Train 
 Third Train.. 
 Fourth Train 
 Fifth Train • • 
 Sixth Train • < 
 
 24m. past 8 
 29m. past 11 
 54m. past 1 
 54m. past 4 
 29m. past 7 
 24m. past 9 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from LI¬ 
 VERPOOL & MANCHESTER. 
 
 First Train ....32m. past 8 
 
 Second Train.53m. past 10 
 
 Third Train.32m. past 1 
 
 Fourth Train.32m. past 4 
 
 Fifth Train. 16m. past 6 
 
 Sixth Train.32m. past 8 
 
 A coach to Whitchurch, at 5 p.m. Macclesfield, 
 through Congleton and Sandbach, at 5 p.m. Omnibuses 
 to Nantwich, 9| and 14 a.m., and at 2,5, and 9* p.m. 
 The same from Nantwich to Crewe, at 25m. past b and 
 50m. past 10 a.m., and at 20m. past 1, 25m. past 4, and 
 
 81 p.m. 
 
128 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 Xaeft. 
 
 Right. 
 
 The neighbourhood of Crewe 
 station affords little to attract 
 the traveller’s notice; the line 
 proceeds nearly without a curve 
 for five miles, which enables 
 the passengers of one train to 
 observe the approach of ano¬ 
 ther. A branch railway is in 
 progress from Crewe, to Man¬ 
 chester on one side, and to 
 Chester on the other. 
 
 The road on the left of this 
 station leads to Nantwich ; and 
 on the other side, it takes a 
 north-easterly direction for 
 Sandbach, Congleton, and Mac¬ 
 clesfield. Progressing to the 
 next station, we pass Monks 
 Coppenhall, and Church Cop- 
 penhall. Soon after passing the 
 latter, it may be perceived that 
 the character of the soil and 
 vegetation has greatly changed 
 from that we have recently seen. 
 Coppenhall Moss is a species 
 of bog or moorland; the sur¬ 
 face of the earth being covered 
 with peat, the produce, we be¬ 
 lieve, of fallen trees and de¬ 
 cayed vegetable matter. 
 
 The tower of Coppenhall 
 church is seen on the left. This 
 church is an old structure, 
 built of wood and plaister, in 
 the style prevalent in the reign 
 of Elizabeth. 
 
 Passing the church and vil¬ 
 lage, we arrive at 
 
 Excav. 
 
 54i 
 
 Emban. 
 
 54f 
 
 Excav. 
 
 COPPENHALL STATION. 
 
 55 
 
 Coppenhall is a parish and 
 township in the hundred of 
 Nantwich, county of Chester. 
 Population 350. The church is 
 dedicated to St. Michael; the 
 living is a rectory in the arch¬ 
 deaconry and diocese of Ches¬ 
 ter. Patron, the Bishop of 
 Lichfield and Coventry. 
 
 Here the country becomes 
 flat, boggy, and uninteresting ; 
 Coppenhall Moss, Leighton 
 Moss, and Warmingham Moss, 
 forming the near view. 
 
 Excav. 
 
 55\ 
 
 Emban. 
 
 Sandbach, five miles from 
 the line, is a small market 
 town, pleasantly situated on an 
 eminence near the little river 
 Wheelock, which falls into the 
 Dane, about five miles below 
 the town. It was at one period 
 celebrated for its malt liquor, 
 and did also a considerable 
 trade in worsted yarns, weaving 
 of stuffs, and shoe-making.— 
 The Grand Trunk Canal passes 
 near to the town, affording it 
 the advantages of water-com¬ 
 munication with other places. 
 The church is ancient, and its 
 style gothic. It was formerly 
 noted for its crosses, and there 
 are some remains of these reli¬ 
 gious erections still existing. 
 The population of Sandbach 
 exceeds 7,000. 
 
 Congleton is a market town 
 and chapelry, in the parish of 
 Astbury and hundred of North- 
 wich, county of Chester; it is 
 situated on the river Dean, 
 near the borders of Stafford¬ 
 shire. The principal manufac¬ 
 tures are leather, cotton, silk, 
 and ribbon. The church is de¬ 
 dicated to St. Peter. The town 
 is healthily situated, and the 
 houses neat. Lime-stone of 
 very excellent quality is ob¬ 
 tained in its neighbourhood. 
 The predilection for bear-bait¬ 
 ing, in former times, must have 
 been very strong, if the follow¬ 
 ing be true : “ Upon the town- 
 bear dying, when the corporate 
 funds were exceedingly low, 
 the townsmen appropriated the 
 funds which had been saved for 
 the purchase of a new bible, to 
 the purchase of a new bear !”— 
 and it is yet a bye-word in the 
 mouths of the enemies of the 
 good people of Congleton, that 
 “ they prefer their bear to their 
 bible.” 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 129 
 
 MINSHULL VERNON 
 STATION. 
 
 A distant view of Beeston 
 Castle Hill, and the mountains 
 in Cheshire and Wales. 
 
 There is nothing very attrac¬ 
 tive in this part of the route— 
 embankments followed by ex¬ 
 cavations and bridges—till we 
 arrive at 
 
 WINSFORD STATION, 
 
 The road which here crosses 
 the line leads to 
 
 Over, about two miles dis¬ 
 tant : it is a small market town 
 in the county of Stafford. Over 
 is said to be the birth-place of 
 the idiotic prophet, Nixon, 
 whose predictions were much 
 venerated by the superstitious 
 and illiterate. There is some 
 difference of opinion as to the 
 time of his birth and decease: 
 some say he lived in the time 
 of the James’s, and that his 
 most remarkable prophecies 
 applied exclusively to the 
 Cholmondley family, by whom, 
 it is said, the MSS. regarding 
 this person are preserved, and 
 who were Nixon’s reputed pa¬ 
 trons. His predictions have 
 great credit among the peasan¬ 
 try even at the present time, 
 who look at the viaduct with a 
 sort of ominous fear, regarding 
 it as a fulfilment of one of 
 them, viz. “ That when the 
 rocks near Warrington should 
 visit Vale Royal, the sun of 
 this ancient family should set.” 
 
 Mr. Johnson's Salt Works, 
 on which upwards of fifty men 
 are constantly employed. 
 
 We now approach one of the 
 most beautiful parts of the 
 Railway, the Vale Royal Via¬ 
 duct, over which the line passes 
 for five hundred feet, and be¬ 
 neath which the river Weaver 
 winds through the vale in 
 graceful sweeps, girt with ver- 
 
 Becston Castle was built about 
 the year 1220, and was made a 
 garrison in the baronial war in 
 1643. After a long siege, the 
 Royalists were compelled, from 
 want of provisions, to surren¬ 
 der it to the Parliamentarians, 
 who dismantled it early the fol¬ 
 lowing year. The ruins consist 
 of the remains of a tower which 
 guarded the principal entrance 
 to the inner court, flanked by 
 semi-circular bastions, and sur¬ 
 rounded by a moat, excavated in 
 the solid rock. The outer walls 
 were defended by eight round 
 towers, irregularly placed, and 
 are now covered with ivy. 
 
 Delamere Forest appears on 
 the N.W. (although described 
 here for convenience), and con¬ 
 tinues to form part of the Rail¬ 
 road prospect for some space. 
 This tract, which includes the 
 ancient and royal forest of De¬ 
 lamere, was uninclosed till 
 1812, when it was erected into 
 a parish by act of parliament, 
 and is now rapidly improving 
 in fertility and increased popu¬ 
 lation. On its enclosure, it first 
 gave the title of Baron Dela¬ 
 mere of Vale-Royal, to Thos. 
 Cholmondeley, Esq., the pro¬ 
 prietor of the ancient posses¬ 
 sions of the Cistercian Monks 
 of Vale-Royal, whose sump¬ 
 tuous Abbey was completed in 
 1330, by Edward I., and cost 
 £32,000. 
 
 Middlewich, a market-town 
 and borough, in the county of 
 Chester, two miles distant, de¬ 
 riving its name from its local 
 situation, being the middle¬ 
 most of the W iches, or salt 
 towns. The salt-works here are 
 extensive, and the brine from 
 the springs yields about one- 
 fourth of its weight in salt; 
 besides the employment these 
 afford, there are silk and cotton 
 factories, and a considerable 
 business is done in the town 
 with the surrounding neigh* 
 
 58 ) 
 Excav. 
 
 59 
 
 Emban. 
 
 60 
 
 Canal 
 
 Excav. 
 
 6U 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Excav. 
 
 62 
 
 Excav. 
 
 i 
 
130 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 dant meadows. The viaduct is j 
 a fine erection, consisting of | 
 five arches of 63 feet span and 
 60 feet high, and the top of the 
 parapets 12 feet more, making 
 from the water a total of 72 
 feet. The length of this pile is 
 456 feet, and contains 250,000 
 cubic yards of stone. The stone 
 of which it was built was 
 brought down the Weaver in 
 flats and barges. The traveller 
 will do well to be on the ‘ look¬ 
 out’ in this part, or the view 
 will escape him. Vale Royal 
 Park lies to the westward, rich 
 in the grandeur of its woods ; 
 and nearly hidden among them 
 is Delamere Abbey , the old and 
 venerable seat of Lord Dela¬ 
 mere. Passing through a deep 
 cutting, we arrive at 
 
 bourhood, which is a great 
 agricultural district. The 
 church is a spacious building, 
 and there are meeting-houses 
 for dissenters. 
 
 Tarporley, anciently spelled 
 Tarporley, a small market- 
 town, situate on the high road 
 from London, through Nant- 
 wich to Chester, and distant 
 from the Railway eight miles. 
 The church, which is built of 
 red stone, is a handsome build¬ 
 ing, containing several fine 
 monuments. 
 
 Walton Green, a red house, 
 occupied by Mr. Penning. 
 
 Bostock Hall, the seat of Sir 
 James France, Esq. 
 
 Eaton Hall, the seat of Sir 
 E. Antrobus. 
 
 63 ^ 
 
 Excav. 
 
 63| 
 
 64 
 
 Em ban. 
 
 HARTFORD STATION. 
 
 651 Miles. 
 
 ARRIVAL of the TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 First Train. 59m. past 8 
 
 Second'Train. 7m. past 12 
 
 Third Train.29m. past 2 
 
 Fourth Train.29m. past 5 
 
 Fifth Train. 7m past- 8 
 
 Sixth Train.59m. past 9 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from LI¬ 
 VERPOOL & MANCHESTER. 
 
 First Train. 8 a.m. 
 
 Second Train.10m. past 10 
 
 Third Train . 1 
 
 Fourth Train. 4 
 
 Fifth Train. 10m. past 6 
 
 Sixth Train. 8 
 
 Adams’s omnibus (with the letter-bags) to Northwich 
 and Knutsford, morning and evening. Mail to Chester 
 and Tarporley at 10 a.m., and o’clock, p.m. From 
 Chester there are coaches to all J>arts of North and 
 South,. Wales. 
 
 Deft. 
 
 Right. 
 
 Leaving this station, we enter 
 upon an embankment, from j 
 whence a fine view of the coun- Emban. 
 try is afforded. -i 
 
 Bridge 
 
 leading to 
 
 Northwich, a town of consi¬ 
 derable antiquity, situate on 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 131 
 
 About one mile and a-half 
 from Hartford is a large brick 
 mansion, occupied at present 
 by Lady Brookes, mother of 
 Sir Richard Brookes, Bart., of 
 Norton Priory, near Runcorn. 
 The hills seen in the extreme 
 distance to the north-westward 
 of this mansion, are those of 
 Delamere forest and Castle-hill. 
 The latter is the more northerly. 
 
 From the top of one of the 
 coaches (unquestionably the 
 best place for seeing the coun¬ 
 try), the traveller may see Dela¬ 
 mere House, which is situate 
 on the borders of Delamere 
 forest, the residence of George 
 Wilbraham, Esq., M.P. for the 
 southern division of this county, 
 Chester. From this spot, but 
 nearer the eye, may also be seen 
 the seat of Mr. War burton, 
 nearly opposite the Dutton 
 Viaduct. 
 
 Overton Hills. 
 
 Aston Hall, the seat of Mr. 
 Aston. 
 
 Runcorn is a small market 
 town, situated four miles from 
 the line, on the banks of the 
 Mersey. The parish church, 
 surrounded with trees, stands 
 in a most romantic situation, 
 above the rock called Castle 
 Rock, from the circumstance 
 of a castle having formerly 
 stood on or near to it. Its plea¬ 
 sant neighbourhood, fine views, 
 and pure air have lately ren¬ 
 dered it a place of great resort. 
 
 PRESTON BROOK 
 STATION. 
 
 Norton Priory, the residence 
 of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart. 
 A religious establishment for¬ 
 merly existed here, some parts 
 of which are included in the 
 present mansion. The Duke of 
 Bridgwater’sCanal runs through 
 the park. In 915, Ethelfleda, 
 sister to king Edward the elder, 
 a widow of Ethelred, king of 
 
 67} 
 
 Emban. 
 
 68 
 
 Excav. 
 
 701 
 
 7Ji 
 
 Tunnel 
 110 yards 
 long. 
 
 72i 
 
 73f 
 
 74i 
 
 the conflux of the Dane and the 
 Weaver, about two miles from 
 the line. Its parochial chapel, 
 a neat Gothic structure, con¬ 
 sists of a nave, chancel, and 
 side aisles, with an embattled 
 tower. 
 
 ACTON STATION. 
 
 Having left Acton, the pros¬ 
 pect is much impeded for some 
 distance by the frequent cut¬ 
 tings through which the line 
 passes. 
 
 Aston Hall and grounds; in 
 front lies Dutton Wood. 
 
 The traveller now approaches 
 thestupendousViaduct crossing 
 the river Weaver and the valley 
 of Dutton. It is more than a 
 quarter of a mile in length, 
 about thirty feet wide, and sixty 
 feet high, and consists of twenty 
 arches, each of sixty feet span. 
 
 Village of Dutton. 
 
 Preston-on-the-Hill is a place 
 of great traffic, from its vici¬ 
 nity to the salt districts. 
 
 Frodsham is about three miles 
 from the line, and consists 
 principally of two streets inter¬ 
 secting each other, at the ex¬ 
 tremity of one of which stands 
 the church. The inhabitants 
 are chiefly occupied in produc¬ 
 ing and refining salt. Some few 
 quarries qf coarse red sand are 
 worked here, but not to much 
 extent. Frodsham, like many 
 of the towns in this county, has 
 tbe advantage of being placed 
 amidst scenery naturally fertile 
 and beautiful. 
 
 - Richly-wooded country lines 
 both sides of the road. 
 
 Daresbury Wood, and tower of 
 Daresbury church. The Hall 
 is occupied by Mr. Chadwick. 
 
 Kenwick. 
 
132 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 Mercia, built a town and castle 
 near the river Mersey, at this 
 place, some traces of which are 
 still visible. 
 
 The Elms, the residence of 
 Wm. Stubbs, Esq. 
 
 Warrington Viaduct has 
 twelve arches. The river Mer¬ 
 sey and the Mersey and Irwell 
 Canal here flow under the road. 
 The Viaduct has a handsome 
 stone parapet. The Moore ex¬ 
 cavation, which here termi¬ 
 nates, is near one mile and a- 
 lialf in length, and is crossed by 
 five handsome bridges. 
 
 74 * 
 
 75 
 
 Excav. 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Bridge 
 
 MOORE STATION. 
 
 The village from whence this 
 station is named, is a small 
 township, inhabited by an agri¬ 
 cultural population of about 
 three hundred inhabitants. 
 
 Walton Superiour. 
 
 Walton Inferiour. 
 
 WARRINGTON STATION. 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 First Train .34m. past 9 
 
 Second Train.44m. past 12 
 
 Third Train . 4m past 3 
 
 Fourth Train. 4m. past 6 
 
 Fifth Train .44m. past 8 
 
 Sixth Train. 34m.past 10 
 
 ARRIVAL of TRAINS from LI¬ 
 VERPOOL & MANCHESTER. 
 
 First Train .25m. past 7 
 
 Second Train. 25m. past 9 
 
 Third Train .25m. past 12 
 
 Fourth Train.25m. past 2 
 
 Fifth Train .25m. past 5 
 
 Sixth Train .25m. past 7 
 
 Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to 
 any part of the town. Chaises, cars, or gigs to be had 
 on a few minutes’ notice. A Macclesfield coach leaves at 
 
 | past 3 p.m., and arrives from Macclesfield by 9 a.m. 
 The Edinburgh and Carlisle mail leaves Warrington at 
 10 a.m., and arrives from Carlisle at 6 p.m. The Glas¬ 
 gow and Edinburgh mail leaves Warrington at \ past 10 
 a.m., and returns at 3 p.m, The Royal Liverpool coach 
 from Stockport, through Warrington, at £ past 9 a.m. to 
 Liverpool, and returns through Warrington at 5 o’clock 
 p.m., to Stockport. 
 
 Warrington is a large, populous, and thriving town, 
 situated on the northern bank of the river Mersey, about 
 
Penketh 
 
 Cu&Fdlev 
 
 O xford 
 
 
 Gra/men7icu/ 
 
 Superior 
 
 ftockfunn 
 
 utton 
 
 Jttllftoil 
 
 7 Mon YintHu'tjL 
 
 AC.TOH 
 
 ( 'ns/on «,'^v 
 
 Hea ye/ 7/ it/hj* 
 
 
 turn 
 
 "STati^o n 
 
 Paver 
 
 Idewchurch 
 
 Over *** 
 
 V \k\\ 
 
 Bwtip wood MJL yufw w ick 
 Or'Sonic,, 
 
 JloooMM, ' UuI V 
 
 K S Wil R K 
 
 ~ Crouton § ^ 
 
 L A X 
 
 Lower x 
 Lhmoarm 
 
 /PRESTON BR* 
 STATION 7 2‘A 
 
 "ifhar to ne j 
 
 on the lI J 
 
 Gr.Budworth 
 
 X 
 
WARRINGTON. 
 
 133 
 
 midway between Manchester and Liverpool. War¬ 
 rington consists of four principal streets, mostly 
 narrow, inconvenient to passengers, and unpleasant 
 to the inhabitants ; and though these are chiefly com¬ 
 posed of shops, several handsome buildings are inter¬ 
 spersed. The principal trade of this place has been 
 in the manufacture and sale of sail-cloth or poldavy. 
 Some other coarse articles and checks have been 
 made of materials imported at Liverpool from Russia. 
 The Mersey admits vessels of seventy or eighty tons 
 burden to Bank-quay, a little below the town, where 
 warehouses, &c. are erected. The spring-tides rise 
 at Warrington-bridge to the height of nine feet: the 
 centre arch of this bridge gave way in 1821. Besides 
 the parish church, there is a chapel of ease, and 
 another chapel of the establishment over the bridge, 
 belonging to the parish of Groppenhall. There are 
 also places of worship for Roman Catholics, Presby¬ 
 terians, Anabaptists, Methodists, Friends, &c. The 
 Free School is very well endowed, and the town con¬ 
 tains a charity for educating and maintaining poor 
 children of both sexes. 
 
 A short distance north of Warrington, on the road 
 to Wigan, is Orford Hall, a seat of the Blackburn 
 family. 
 
 Warrington has two well-supplied markets on 
 Wednesday and Saturday, noted for lampreys and 
 all sorts of fish, flesh, corn, potatoes, cattle, &c. The 
 malt is so good here, that the ale brewed with it is 
 
 M 
 
134 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 not held inferior to the best in England. Business 
 to a great amount has been done here at a fair in 
 November, which continues several days, when cat¬ 
 tle, Irish linens, Welsh flannels, Yorkshire cloths, 
 &c. are exposed to sale. 
 
 Here are also an iron-foundery, bell-foundery, 
 copperas-works, and glass-houses, where the manu¬ 
 facturing and grinding of glass is carried on to a 
 considerable extent; a pottery, a file and edge-tool 
 manufactory, &c. A great many children are also 
 employed in the manufacture of pins. 
 
 Warrington gave the title of earl to Henry Booth, 
 Lord Delamere, of Dunham Massey, 1690, who was 
 succeeded by his son George, who dying without 
 issue male, the title became extinct, but was revived 
 the same year in the person of Nathaniel Booth, 
 grandson to the first Lord Delamere, who died in 
 1770 . It now gives the title of earl, in addition to 
 Stamford, to the Grey family. 
 
 The next station is the Junction. The land be¬ 
 tween is tolerably level, with similar undulations, 
 however, to what we have before noticed. The face 
 of the country wears here, as in every other part bor¬ 
 dering on the line capable of receiving it, the ap¬ 
 pearance of a high state of cultivation. About a mile 
 and a-half from Warrington, we obtain on the left a 
 slight view of the town of Runcorn. The two tall 
 chimneys seen in the distance, will assist in guiding 
 the eye of the stranger to distinguish the town. On 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 135 
 
 the right of the line, hut a little further onwards, the 
 spire of Winwick church may be perceived ; it is said 
 to be one of the richest living's in England, although 
 the village to which it belongs is small and insignifi¬ 
 cant. We pass several manufactories, and on the west 
 of the line, very near to the Junction, a large chemi¬ 
 cal establishment, with a tall tower or chimney. The 
 line at the Junction takes a somewhat circular sweep 
 or bend, on the right, towards Manchester, and on the 
 left towards Liverpool. We describe the line to Man¬ 
 chester first. 
 
 Newton B?'idge Station. —This bridge is forty feet 
 high, and has four arches. Close to the station is a 
 large hotel, and on the same side stands the town of 
 Newton. The spire of Winwick church is here seen 
 to the south, owing to the turn we made at the Junc¬ 
 tion. On leaving this viaduct, and proceeding onwards 
 for three-quarters of a mile, we arrive at the 
 
 Park-side Station. —It was here that the late Mr. 
 Huskisson met with the unfortunate accident which 
 terminated in his untimely death. A slab of white 
 marble, let into the wall, contains a record of the 
 event, and near to it the rail is marked, in order to 
 show the precise spot where it occurred. A little fur¬ 
 ther on we enter the Kenyon excavation, and then 
 reach the Kenyon and Leigh Junction ; this branches 
 off to the north. 
 
 We then pass the Bolton Junction , Bury Lane , 
 Lamb’s Cottage , and Burton’’s Moss , Patricroft Sta¬ 
 tions. Near the last is the village of Eccles. It was 
 
 j\i 2 
 
136 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 in this village, at the house of the Rev. Mr. Black¬ 
 burn, Mr. Iluskisson expired. From hence the 
 trains pass three other minor stations, and speedily 
 arrive at 
 
 MAKCBESTER 
 
 Situated on a gently rising ground on the borders 
 of the county, on the south side next Cheshire, upon 
 the rivers Irk, Medlock, and Irwell, about seven miles 
 from the junction of the latter with the Mersey, the 
 latter of which has four bridges over it, two of them 
 very handsome structures ; the former is supposed to 
 have more mill seats upon it than any other stream of 
 its length in the united kingdom, and the latter is 
 highly valuable on account of its banks being the 
 seats of many dye-houses, and supplying with water 
 the navigable canal of the late Duke of Bridgewater, 
 which extends hence to the coal mines at Worslev, 
 Walkden Moor, and Preston, where it joins the 
 Grand Trunk navigation, and to Runcorn, where it 
 falls into the Mersey. 
 
 The rivers Irwell and Mersey are navigable for 
 vessels of fifty tons to Liverpool. Relatively consi¬ 
 dered, Manchester is situated on low ground, as there 
 is a descent to it whichever way it is approached. Its 
 appearance is such that the eye cannot reach half the 
 boundaries of its far-extended buildings; but the 
 many magnificent steeples, spires, and manufactories, 
 which are seen rising among the clouds of smoke in 
 almost every direction, sufficiently show its conse¬ 
 quence and importance. 
 
s i.- • . -'Ms-*- • " ' • ' -> 
 
MANCHESTER. 
 
 137 
 
 Salford , though really distinct from Manchester, 
 is so closely connected with it that they are always 
 considered as the same town. The number of streets, 
 squares, courts, yards, and other inhabited places, 
 now approach nearly to a thousand. Some of the late 
 new streets extend upwards of two miles from the 
 centre of the town, the old part of which is sprinkled 
 with a motley assemblage of ancient and modern 
 buildings, and the streets, except where they were 
 improved by the acts of 1775 and 1791, are very nar¬ 
 row. Among the new streets, Mosley-street and 
 Lever’s-row are the most conspicuous, containing 
 many modern houses, distinguished more for their 
 internal than external elegance. The squares fall 
 very short of those in some other large towns, 
 though to this remark Grosvenor-square is a striking 
 exception. Manchester, however, exhibits two de¬ 
 lightful suburbs in Ardwick-green and Salford-cres¬ 
 cent. The former of these, forty years ago, was a 
 distant village, but now joins the town by continued 
 streets. The elegant houses on the green, and the 
 lake in the centre, render this one of the most plea¬ 
 sant suburbs in the kingdom. Salford-crescent, 
 standing on a spot almost unrivalled for a beautiful 
 prospect, is also easily distinguishable; and the 
 new square adjoining to this has added much 
 to the architectural beauties of the two united 
 towns. 
 
 Besides the stone bridge over the Irwell at Hulme 
 Fields, completed in 1808, consisting of two arches* 
 
138 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 another has been erected over the Irk at the lower 
 end of Miller’s-street, from whence there is a road 
 across the intermediate ground to Chetham-hill, 
 which avoids the circuitous and steep one by Red 
 Bank. Exclusive of the bridges already mentioned, 
 there are a great number of others over the different 
 rivers and canals which intersect the town, viz. six 
 over the Irk, nine over the Medlock, three over 
 Shooter’s-brook, and twenty over the different canals. 
 There is also an aqueduct which carries the Ashton 
 Canal over Shooter’s-brook, which is singularly con¬ 
 structed, and well worthy of observation. 
 
 Trade .—A short sketch of the trade and manu¬ 
 factures by which this town has risen to the impor¬ 
 tant rank it now holds, must be interesting. 
 
 The original trade of Manchester was in those 
 coarse woollen fabrics manufactured in various parts 
 of the north of England; and about the middle of the 
 seventeenth century it became noted for the making 
 of fustians, mixed stuffs, and small wares. Another 
 branch of the trade of Manchester was leathern laces 
 for women’s bodices, shoe-ties, and points for other 
 uses, which were tagged like laces, and sold under 
 the general denomination of Congleton points . Upon 
 the introduction of the Dutch looms, woven laces 
 were substituted in the room of these. Inkle, tapes, 
 and filleting, which had before been made in frames or 
 single looms, were now likewise wrought in these new 
 engines, and coarse felts were also made. About the 
 year 1700 , bolsters, bed-ticks, linen, girth, web, and 
 
TRADE. 
 
 139 
 
 boot-straps, were manufactured here ; but about thirty 
 years afterwards part of that trade began to decline, 
 and coarse checks, striped Hollands, hooping, and 
 some yellow canvas were then made. At the same 
 time the silk branch was attempted in cherry-derrys 
 and thread satins. Fustians were principally manu¬ 
 factured at Bolton, and began as early as the middle 
 of the sixteenth century: they were bought in the 
 grey by the Manchester chapman (particularly by the 
 benevolent Humphrey Chetham, Esq , who founded 
 the Blue-coat Hospital), who finished them, and sold 
 them in the country. 
 
 The kinds of fustians then made were herring-bones, 
 pillows for pockets and outside wear, strong cotton- 
 ribs, and barragon; broad-raced lin thicksets and 
 tufts, dyed, with whited diapers, striped dimities, and 
 linen jeans. Cotton thicksets were made sometimes, 
 but as often dropped for want of proper finishing. 
 Tufts were much in demand at that time. When tufts 
 ceased to be called for, a variety of figured patterns 
 were attempted with treddles, but as these were con¬ 
 fined to a scanty range, recourse was had to draw- 
 boys, which gave name to a new and important branch 
 of trade. Some yard-wides being made upon this 
 plan, were bought up with avidity, and great encou¬ 
 ragement was given to the most ingenious weavers, 
 and looms were mounted for them by their employers 
 at a great expense. An improved plan was afterwards 
 invented of using draw-boys in quilting, making 
 counterpanes, and a variety of corded dimities. A bout 
 the time when the draw-boys were first invented, cot- 
 
140 
 
 MANCHESTER, 
 
 ton velvets and cotton thicksets were attempted, and 
 soon made tolerably perfect, especially the former. 
 
 The manufacture of checks had by this time made 
 great advances, which afterwards were made broader 
 and finer. Gowns striped across with cotton, in a 
 variety of patterns and colours, were introduced about 
 seventy years ago, and had a considerable run; and 
 silk was at last shot with cotton, which gave them a 
 superior richness, and contributed to a greater variety 
 of patterns. To these succeeded washing hollands, 
 all cotton in the warp, a valuable and much-esteemed 
 article, until yarn was mixed, which ruined their 
 character. Slight cotton goods were likewise fabri¬ 
 cated for the African trade, and continued until the 
 late American war. 
 
 In 1770 Mr. Richard Meadowcroft invented fast 
 colours for silk handkerchiefs, &c., by which the tying 
 and dying of these articles were brought to great per¬ 
 fection, so as to imitate those imported from India. 
 The tying is now confined to fine calico and cotton 
 handkerchiefs. 
 
 About the time that silk handkerchiefs began to 
 be tied for dying, velverets began to be stamped with 
 golden spots and figures, by the ingenious JMr.Mather, 
 who had before that time contrived to get thicksets 
 dyed of one colour uncut, and after being cut, of ano¬ 
 ther, which gave a novel appearance to the article. 
 A successful attempt was afterwards made to stripe 
 calicoes by heated rollers, and print them with cop¬ 
 per-plates in a rolling-press. 
 
 The Dutch being noted for the excellence of their 
 
TRADE. 
 
 141 
 
 manufacture of fine Holland tape, plans were pro¬ 
 cured, ami ingenious mechanics invited over to con¬ 
 struct several engines, at a great expense, which have 
 been employed in most branches of small-ware with 
 success. 
 
 The introduction of the spinning machines could 
 alone have enabled the masters and workmen to 
 answer the immense demands for the various 
 branches in the cotton manufacture. These were 
 first used by the country people on a confined scale ; 
 but such considerable improvements were made, that 
 at length they were constructed so that a thousand 
 spindles were put in motion by a water-wheel, without 
 confusion, and with less waste of cotton than by the 
 former method. It was also contrived to card and 
 scrib by machinery; but these branches require a 
 greater range of invention to be brought to per¬ 
 fection. 
 
 Upon these machines twist for warps is made to 
 any degree of fineness; mules were afterwards in¬ 
 vented, by which weft was spun as fine as desired. 
 
 The newly-invented steam-engines were a great 
 improvement, and employed to a great advantage, as 
 the application of machinery to several branches ot 
 business was thereby extended. The engines consume 
 a vast quantity of coal, and have rendered that useful 
 article very dear : but they have been the means ot 
 accelerating motion, and of providing and diffusing, 
 in a great degree, the money requisite for the advance. 
 
 The trade of Manchester is carried on to a sur- 
 
142 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 prising- extent; and with a success hitherto unknown 
 in the history of commerce, has spread itself over all 
 the civilized world, and wafted the articles made at 
 its manufactories to the most distant shores of both 
 hemispheres. They consist of an almost endless va¬ 
 riety, both of cotton yarns and manufactured goods. 
 Cotton yarns being spun any weight from three hun¬ 
 dred hanks in the pound; and the variety of goods 
 made from cotton, and silk and cotton mixed, are 
 almost innumerable, as the pattern cards and books 
 of its merchants will abundantly prove. 
 
 Public Buildings. 
 
 The Town Hall is a noble erection of the Ionic 
 order, surmounted with a handsome dome: it is well 
 worthy of a visit. 
 
 The New Exchange is a very handsome erection ; 
 it has two grand entrances, one in Market-street, the 
 other in Exchange-street. The building is of the 
 Doric order. The columns are fluted, and are twenty- 
 seven feet high. The Post-office forms a part of this 
 pile. The Exchange room is elegant and spacious; 
 it comprises an area of 4,000 feet. 
 
 Churches .—There are in Manchester twenty-three 
 churches and three chapels, connected with the esta¬ 
 blishment, the principal one being the old or col¬ 
 legiate church. This is a noble specimen of deco¬ 
 rated architecture ; both internally and externally it 
 is well worthy of notice. 
 
 The Independents have seven chapels; the Irving- 
 
MANCHESTER. 
 
 143 
 
 itcs, one; the Catholics, four; the Baptists, three; 
 the Methodists, twenty-four! the New Jerusalem 
 sect, two; the Presbyterians, one; the Scotch Church, 
 one; Unitarians, four; Welsh Baptists, Calvinists, 
 Independents, Methodists, seven. 
 
 The Cemetery is situated in Rusholm-road. It 
 covers an area of four acres, but it is not to be com¬ 
 pared with the establishments of Liverpool. 
 
 Libraries. —The Chetham Library is under the 
 same roof as Chetham’s Hospital, or Blue Coat 
 School. It is rich in old and curious books, in works 
 of ecclesiastical history, theology, and antiquities: 
 it has also MSS. Strangers are gratuitously admitted, 
 and may have access to the books from half-past 
 eight o’clock till twelve in the morning, and from 
 one to five in the afternoon. 
 
 The Portico contains a Library and News-room ; 
 it is situated in Mosley-street. One subscriber can 
 admit a stranger to read the papers, magazines, &c. 
 for three days; two subscribers can extend the privi¬ 
 lege for a month. 
 
 Manchester Subscription Library , in Exchange- 
 buildings, Ducie-place. It contains about 20,000 
 volumes, and has 400 subscribers. 
 
 The Subscription Library , in Exchange-buildings; 
 this library has about 350 subscribers. 
 
 The Subscription Library for promoting general 
 knowledge , in Newall’s-buildings, Market-street, 
 contains about 6,000 volumes, and has 350 sub¬ 
 scribers. 
 
144 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 "I 
 
 Newspapers. — The Manchester Courier , high Tory; 
 the Chronicle , moderate Tory; the Guardian , Minis¬ 
 terial ; the Adva’tiser, Cobbettite ; the Times y mode¬ 
 rate Radical. 
 
 The Royal Manchester Institution , for the encou¬ 
 ragement of arts and sciences, is situated in Mosley- 
 street. It is a splendid erection, and in it is held an 
 exhibition of paintings. Manchester has also an 
 Agricultural and Horticultural Society , and a Natural 
 History Society. 
 
 The Mechanics'’ Institution is a noble building, 
 situated in Cooper-street. Regular courses of lec¬ 
 tures are delivered, syllabuses of which may be there 
 gratuitously obtained. 
 
 Charitable Institutions. —Manchester Royal Infir¬ 
 mary, Dispensaries, and Lunatic Asylum ; Piccadilly, 
 Salford, and Pendleton Dispensary, 19, Bank parade. 
 
 House of Recovery, Aytown-street. 
 
 Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street Salford. 
 
 Sick Hospital, 16, Bond-street. 
 
 Female Penitentiary, Rusholm-road. 
 
 Institution for curing diseases in the eye, 35, 
 Faulkner-street. 
 
 The Humane Society’s receiving houses are four 
 in number ; viz. Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street; 
 the Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary; the Lying-in 
 Hospital, Salford; and the Salford and Pendleton 
 Dispensary. 
 
 The Chorlton and Medlock Dispensary. 
 
 The Workhouse, Strangeways. 
 
Jianirie/fi 
 
 „-/*WestDerby 
 
 (hxrteth 
 
 .little 
 \ WooTton 
 
 jRobv 
 
 Tnrboek 
 
 Hti Ovnton 
 
 'Ecdestem 
 
 JSainhM 
 
 Sutton 
 
 I '-4, / 
 
 Buttonwood 
 
 Jlaydock 
 
 lAshton 
 
 atfri u$on j u n CT \ 0 ^ 
 
 Oifprd > 
 aught#**' 
 jjtury 
 
 7 tmvick 
 
 Alloriim , 
 
 ^°oti e 
 
 Walton*) 
 
 Walton, 'v ^ OrreL 
 
 Hall l 
 
 [ Eazakerle v j 
 
 Much WooTton 
 
 __ . 
 
 TUiowslev StDTufoeTpK 
 
 f&JLa “ ( 
 
 Kiiowslev Chap. 
 J&iowsltiyj ) 
 
 ■ J 
 
 ^ R E 
 
 > 
 
 Unit)ford 
 
 '•Bdlnufe 
 
 fs 
 
 WTtistctnley 
 

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 145 
 
 The V agrant Office, Strange ways. 
 
 The Salford Workhouse, Green-gate. 
 
 The Pendleton Workhouse, Ford-lane. 
 
 Manchester and Salford District Provident Society; 
 office, 11, St. James’s-square. 
 
 The New Bailey Prison is situated in Stanley- 
 street, Salford. It is an extensive building, in the 
 form of a cross. 
 
 The Repository is situated in St. Anne’s-square. 
 Strangers would do well to visit this excellent insti- 
 
 o 
 
 tution. 
 
 Places of Amusement. 
 
 Albion Bazaar. —The principal entrances are in 
 Deans’-gate and Police-street. 
 
 Theatres , fyc. —The Royal Theatre is situated in 
 Fountain-street. The company belonging to the 
 Liverpool Theatre Royal perform here from Christ¬ 
 mas to Easter, and occasionally during the other 
 months of the year. 
 
 The Queen’’s Theatre , York-street. The perform¬ 
 ances are confined to pantomimes, melo-dramas, &c. 
 
 The Assembly Rooms are situated in Mosley-street. 
 They consist of a ball-room, tea-room, card and 
 billiard rooms. 
 
 The Club House , in Mosley-street, is next to the 
 Royal Institution. 
 
 The Concert Hall , situated in Lower Mosley-street, 
 was opened in the year 1831 ; the interior is both 
 capacious and elegant. 
 
 N 
 
146 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 The Albion Club House in King-street has been 
 erected recently. 
 
 The Botanic Gardens are situated about two miles 
 on the road to Altringham. 
 
 Baths. 
 
 The Public Baths are situated at the entrance of 
 the Infirmary Walks. The profits of these baths are 
 given to the Dispensary. 
 
 The Adelphi Swimming Baths , Reservoir-terrace, 
 Salford. 
 
 The Medicated Vapour Baths , No. 1, Lloyd-street. 
 Whitlow's Medicated Vapour Baths , 35, George- 
 street. 
 
 The Dolphin Cold Baths , Horrocks, Red Bank. 
 
 . Markets. 
 
 The principal are, the New Market, in Brown-street; 
 the Fish Market, in Market-place ; and the Town- 
 Hall and Market, in Salford, all of which are well 
 supplied. 
 
 Post-Office Regulations. 
 
 The following are the Arrivals and Departures of the 
 principal Mails at this office :— 
 
 ARRIVALS. DEPARTURE. 
 
 11.45 a.m. London . *2.15 p.m. 
 
 11.45p.m.+ . . J6.15 — 
 
 * Principal London mail. 
 
 | With foreign letters for the first morning delivery. 
 ± For a second delivery in London. 
 
POST-OFFICE REGULATIONS, &C. 147 
 
 arrivals. 
 
 DEPARTURES. 
 
 11.45 — 
 
 London . 
 
 ||6. 15 A.M. 
 
 11. 45 A.M. 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 2.15 p.m. 
 
 11.45 — 
 
 Birmingham. 
 
 6. 15 A.M. 
 
 4.15 p.m. 
 
 
 11.15 — 
 
 7.15 — 
 
 
 2.15 p.m. 
 
 11. 0 — 
 
 " Edinburgh .. .. i 
 
 6. 15 p.m. 
 
 1 1.45 A.M. 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 9. 15 A.M. 
 
 \ 
 
 3.40 p.m. s 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 - Preston .. .. j 
 
 4.15 p.m. 
 
 8.40 a.m. 
 
 Liverpool . 
 
 7.15. A M. 
 
 0.40 — 
 
 .. . 
 
 9.15 — 
 
 2. 10 p.m. 
 
 
 2.15 p.m. 
 
 3.40 — 
 
 • 
 
 5.15 — 
 
 6.40 — 
 
 
 — — 
 
 8. 40 a.m. 
 
 Ireland § . 
 
 2.15 p.m. 
 
 6. 0 a.m. 
 
 Leeds. 
 
 9. 0 A.M« 
 
 3.30 p.m. 
 
 Y ork . 
 
 r Derby . 
 
 8. 0 p.m. 
 1 „ 
 
 3. 45 — < 
 
 Nottingham . 
 
 [Leicester . 
 
 By Buxton: 
 
 > 9. 0 A.M. 
 
 45. 3 — 
 
 f Ditto . 
 
 j^By Birmingham 
 
 j 5.15 p.m. 
 
 General Deliveries at the Office. 
 
 The first, at eight until half-past eight in the raorn- 
 
 II For foreign letters on Tuesdays and Fridays. 
 
 § Or 10.40. a.m., according to the arrival of Packets. 
 
 N 2 
 
148 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 ing, includes letters from Liverpool, Newcastle, Staf¬ 
 ford, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Middleton, and 
 Bolton, the greatest part of Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, 
 Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Northum¬ 
 berland, Sunderland, and Durham. 
 
 The second, at nine until a quarter before two in 
 the afternoon, includes letters from Liverpool, Bolton, 
 Blackburn, Burnley, Bury, Colne, Hyde, Denton, 
 Geecross, Gorton, Oldham, Stockport, Chester, all 
 Saddleworth, Ashton-under-Line, Audenshaw, and 
 Staleybridge, the counties of Salop and Hereford, 
 Leominster, part of North Wales, Frodsham, War¬ 
 rington, Dublin, and all Ireland. 
 
 The third, at half-past twelve at noon until aquar- 
 ter before two in the afternoon, includes letters from 
 London, Essex, Kent, and Sussex, Bristol, Falmouth, 
 part of North Wales, the counties of Cornwall, Devon, 
 Somerset, Oxford, Warwick, and all the west of Eng¬ 
 land ; also from Walsall, Wolverhampton, Stafford, 
 Stone, Shiffnall, Newcastle-under-Lyne, Lawton, 
 Congleton, Disbury, Cheadle, and Winslow. 
 
 The fourth, at half-past four in the afternoon until 
 nine at night, includes letters from Derb)^, Ashbourn, 
 Leek, Macclesfield, and Stockport, the counties of 
 Bedford, Berks, Herts, Hants, Leicester, Northamp¬ 
 ton, and Suffolk ; also includes letters from York, 
 Leeds, Tadcaster, Bradford, Huddersfield, Halifax, 
 Rochdale; parts of the counties of Suffolk, Herts, 
 and Cambridge; also ail Scotland, Lancaster, Pres¬ 
 ton, Chorley, and from Disley, Buxton, Bakewell, 
 
HOTELS, &C. 149 
 
 Matlock, Belper, Sheffield; also Liverpool, per 
 Railway. 
 
 The fifth, at half-past seven until nine at night, in¬ 
 cludes letters from Liverpool (per Railway), Birming¬ 
 ham, Wolverhampton, Stafford, Chester, Warring¬ 
 ton, Northwich, county of Chester, Staffordshire. 
 
 There are three deliveries by the carriers; namely, 
 at half-past eight in the morning, twenty minutes to 
 one in the afternoon, and five o’clock, town deliveries, 
 except on Sundays, when there is only a morning 
 delivery. The deliveries of course must be delayed, 
 if there be any irregularity in the arrival of the mails. 
 The letter-carriers are in attendance at the office from 
 half-past seven to eight in the morning, and four in 
 the afternoon; but no letters can be delivered by them 
 at the office, except to persons who have not been 
 found when they have been on their rounds. 
 
 The office continues open for strangers from eight 
 in the morning until ten at night;—on Sundays the 
 office is closed from half-past ten till half-past twelve, 
 and from three till five* 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 Buck and Hawthorn , St. Anne-street; Buck , Hang¬ 
 ing-Ditch ; Bush Inn , Dean’s-gate ; Eagle Inn, Mar¬ 
 ket-street; Golden Lion , Dean’s-gate; Hare and 
 Hoimds, Shude-hill; Loiver Turk's Head, Shude- 
 hill; Mosley Arms, Piccadilly ; Ditto , Shude-hill ; 
 New Boar's Head , Hyde’s-cross; Old Boar's Head, 
 
 n 3 
 
150 
 
 MANCHESTER 
 
 Hyde’s-cross ; Palace Inn, Market-street; Peacock , 
 Market-street; Royal Hotel, corner of Moslej T -street 
 (the mails go from here): Swan Inn, Market-street; 
 Swan, Whitley-grove ; Talbot, Market-street; White 
 Swan, Shude-hill; Commercial, Market-street. 
 
 Hackney-Coach and Car Fares. 
 
 These fares are to be taken either for time or distance, at the discre¬ 
 tion of the driver. 
 
 The following Fares include a reasonable quantity of Luggage : 
 
 Carriages drawn by 
 two Horses. 
 
 Any distance not exceeding 1172 s. d. 
 
 yards . 1 0 
 
 Any distance exceeding two-thirds 
 of a mile, and not exceeding one 
 
 mile, or 1760 yards. 1 6 
 
 And for every succeeding third of 
 
 a mile, or 586 yards . 0 6 
 
 If for time, then for any time not 
 
 exceeding a \ of an hour. 1 0 
 
 For every succeeding £ of an hour 0 6 
 
 For every stoppage to take up 
 more than once, and to set down 
 more than twice, an additional 0 6 
 For every \ of an hour waiting, 
 after being called. 0 6 
 
 Carriages drawn by 
 one Horse. 
 
 s • d. 
 
 . 1 0 
 
 1 0 
 
 0 4 
 
 1 0 
 0 4 
 
 0 4 
 0 4 
 
 Hankers, 
 
 With the Houses they draw upon in London . 
 
 • 
 
 Bank of England, Branch Bank—Bank of England. 
 
 Savings’ Bank. Mr. Jno. Atkinson, Agent, 1, Cross-street. 
 
 Cunliffes, Brooks, and Co., Market-street—R. Cunliffe, jun. and Co. 
 Daintry, Ryle, and Co., Norfolk-street—Whitmore, Wells, & Co. 
 B, Heywood and Co., St. Anne-street—Masterman and Co. 
 
ROUTE. 
 
 151 
 
 W. Jones, Lloyds, and Co., King-street—Jones, Lloyd and Co. 
 Scholes, Tetlow, and Co., Cannon-street—Curries and Co. 
 
 Bank of Manchester, Market-street—Denison and Co. 
 
 Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, Spring Gardens—Smith, 
 Payne, and Co. 
 
 Northern and Central Bank, Crown-street—Westminster Bank. 
 
 Union Bank, Crown-street—Glyn and Co. 
 
 Commercial Bank of England, Mosley-street—Masterman and Co. 
 Manchester and Salford Bank, King-street—Williams, Deacon, & Co. 
 South Lancashire Bank, Crown-street—Barclay and Co. 
 
 Sloute to Xiiverpool. 
 
 Starting again from Newton Junction Station , we 
 proceed westerly, and passing the Sankey Viaduct , 
 which is a fine architectural structure of nine arches, 
 each fifty feet span, and the embankment, close ad¬ 
 joining, seventy feet above the level of the country 
 around, we obtain, on the north, a beautiful view of 
 the Newton Race-course, Burton Wood, and the San¬ 
 key Canal (the first cut in England), where a great 
 number of flats or barges are to be seen gliding quietly 
 along. At the end of this embankment is 
 
 Collin’s Green Station. —From this the train pro¬ 
 ceeds across Parr Moss, the township of which was 
 the property of Catherine Parr, wife of Henry the 
 Eighth. Owing to the nature of the land, great diffi¬ 
 culty was experienced here by the contractors when 
 making the road. Passing 
 
 St. Helen’s Junction Station, we begin to ascend the 
 steepest incline to be met with on any part of the line, 
 being no less than one in ninety-six feet. A little on- 
 
152 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 wards, the road is crossed by an iron bridge, with 
 stone buttresses, on the Branch Railway from St. He¬ 
 len’s to Runcorn Gap. Near to this place a locomotive 
 engine is kept, to assist the trains as they arrive up 
 this incline. 
 
 Lea Green Gate Station , Sutton .—The level which 
 succeeds extends about two miles; it was here that 
 the carriages contended for the prize of £500, offered 
 by the Manchester and Liverpool Railway Company, 
 which was gained by the Rocket, built by Mr. R. 
 Stephenson. 
 
 Leaving Kendrick'’s Cross Station , Rainhill,\ve pass 
 under Rainhill-bridge, which is crossed by the Man¬ 
 chester and Liverpool turnpike-road. A little further 
 on we begin to descend the inclined plane, the 
 descent being in the same proportion as the ascent at 
 the other end of the level, and with a velocity corres¬ 
 pondent with the retarded motion of the ascent. We 
 now pass in succession the Huyton, Roby-lane, and 
 Broad-green stations. About half a mile from the 
 latter station, we come to a place on the northern 
 side of the road, for expediting the entrance of 
 cattle on the trains appointed for their reception, in 
 which they are conveyed to Manchester. About a 
 quarter of a mile further is the excavation of Mount 
 Olive, which in some places is nearly seventy feet 
 below the surface of the adjacent fields. 
 
 Edge Hill Station is the last before entering Liver¬ 
 pool. The engine is here detached from the train, 
 
LIVERPOOL, 
 
 153 
 
 and, gliding down the long and dark tunnel, we 
 arrive at the new station in Lime-street. This tunnel is 
 2,230 yards long, twenty-five feet wide, and seventeen 
 feet high. There are other stations in Liverpool be¬ 
 sides this, connected with their respective tunnels 
 leading to the open country, as Crown-street, now used 
 principally for the conveyance of coals. Another 
 tunnel communicates with the Company’s station at 
 Wapping, 2,250 yards long, twenty-two feet wide, 
 and sixteen feet high, through which is conveyed 
 general merchandize ; besides which there is another 
 smaller one, formerly used by the carriage trains 
 passing between Manchester and Liverpool, 291 
 yards long, twelve feet wide, and fifteen feet 
 high. At the head of these tunnels is an area, in 
 which is kept the stationary engines, used to draw 
 the carriages up the inclined planes of the several 
 tunnels. 
 
 LIVSHPOOl. 
 
 It may safely he said that amongst the numerous 
 commercial towns in Great Britain, not one has so 
 rapidly increased in extent and opulence as Liverpool. 
 From a small inconsiderable hamlet, merely a mem¬ 
 ber of the parish of Walton, this thriving sea-port, 
 by the spirited industry, enterprising pursuits, and 
 speculating habits of its chief inhabitants, has, within 
 a century and a-half, been singularly advanced in the 
 scale of national importance ; and whilst many cities 
 and boroughs have gradually sunk into insignificance 
 
154 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 and degradation, Liverpool has extended her streets, 
 augmented her commerce, and improved in the riches, 
 arts, and luxuries of civilized life. 
 
 Liverpool lies low, and extends along the shore in 
 an oval form. On the north the country is perfectly 
 flat for some miles; on the east it is surrounded by a 
 higher land, which rises gradually from the town to 
 about a mile distance ; so that, on the whole, it is 
 pleasantly situated, and commodious for commerce. 
 The high grounds on the east defend the town from 
 the easterly winds, while it is open for the western 
 breezes to allay the heats of summer; so that few 
 places are more healthy and temperate than this. 
 Snow, which rarely falls, seldom lies long, nor is the 
 cold ever so intense here as in the inland parts ; yet 
 transitions from heat to cold, and the reverse, are 
 frequent and sudden ; perhaps no where more so. 
 The air which comes from the sea is so salubrious, 
 that, though the town is very closely built, epidemical 
 disorders seldom show themselves, and when they do 
 are of short continuance. 
 
 The soil is dry and sandy for two miles round 
 Liverpool. The north-east shore discloses a prospect 
 of barren sands for an extent of twenty miles ; be¬ 
 tween the town and Kirkdale is a fine vale of rich 
 marl under the surface, which affords excellent pas¬ 
 ture ; this was formerly arable land. The land near 
 the town is very fertile in potatoes, a root no less 
 useful to the poor than profitable to the farmer. The 
 cultivation of this vegetable has been so much encou- 
 
LIVERPOOL. 
 
 155 
 
 raged here, that the landholder frequently depends 
 more upon a good crop of potatoes than of wheat or 
 other grain. 
 
 This place is called in Saxon Lifer pole; others 
 name it Letherpoole, Lyverpoole, Lyrpole, Lerpoole, 
 Leerpool, Livrepol, Lyverpol; and for some time it 
 was mostly spelt Leverpool, which is indeed justified 
 by some ancient MSS. and a charter, as far back as 
 the year 1524. The etymology is not easily ascer¬ 
 tained : every thing here produced has been mere 
 conjecture. Some imagine it to have taken its name 
 from a bird, formerly found in this place, called liver; 
 but this very bird seems to have had no other than a 
 fabulous existence. Others imagine it to have been 
 derived from a sea-weed, known by the name of liver 
 in the west of England; or from liver-wort, fre¬ 
 quently found on the sea-coast. Others, again, sup¬ 
 pose it might originate from the family of Lever , 
 which is of ancient date, and whose arms are exem¬ 
 plified in a MS. in the Harleian Collection, at the 
 British Museum, supposed to have been written as 
 early as 1567. With respect to the latter part of the 
 name, it is generally agreed that it was owing to a 
 body of water with which this place was formerly 
 overspread like a pool. 
 
 With regard to the ancient history of Liverpool, 
 the first anecdote is a legendary tale, which it is not 
 necessary to comment on; namely, that St. Patrick 
 visited Liverpool in his way to Ireland, and that in 
 commemoration of it a cross was erected, which. 
 
156 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 though long since destroyed, still gives name to the 
 place where it stood, near the lohver end of Water- 
 street. The history of the tower built by Roger de 
 Poictiers is not at all interesting. It appears from 
 Doomsday, that this Roger de Poictiers possessed all 
 the land between the rivers Ribble and Mersey; but 
 there is no mention of either town or village in this 
 situation. 
 
 About 1360 the tower was the property of Sir 
 Thomas Latham, who gave it, and other estates, with 
 his daughter, to Sir John Stanley, who rebuilt and 
 fortified it. The remains of it were long used as a 
 prison; but these ruins were entirely removed in the 
 autumn of 1819. Soon after this early date, charters 
 were granted to Liverpool by Henry I., Henry II., 
 and John. By the latter, for a fine of ten marks, it 
 was made a corporation and a free borough for ever, 
 with a guild for merchants, and other privileges. Ad¬ 
 ditional charters were granted by Henry III., Edward 
 III., Richard II., and Henry I V r . 
 
 Liverpool, from the time of Elizabeth till the end 
 of the next century, made but a slow progress either 
 in the extent of its trade or in the number of its in¬ 
 habitants; nor is there any remarkable occurrence 
 recorded of it, except the siege of it by Prince Ru¬ 
 pert, in the civil wars in 1644, some traces of which 
 were discovered when the foundation of the Liver¬ 
 pool Infirmary was sunk, particularly the marks of 
 the trenches thrown up by the prince, and some car- 
 touches, &c. left behind by the besiegers. 
 
LIVERPOOL. 
 
 157 
 
 At the time of this siege the town and castle were 
 in the hands of the parliament forces, under the com¬ 
 mand of Colonel Moore, who defended the place 
 against the army commanded by Prince Rupert. 
 The siege began, according to Enfield, about the 
 2d of June, and for the space of a month the town 
 made a vigorous defence, repelling the besiegers with 
 great slaughter. A breach, however, being at last 
 effected on the north side of the town, the prince and 
 his army entered about three o’clock in the morning, 
 putting all they met to the sword, until they arrived 
 at the High Cross, situated where the Exchange now 
 stands. Here they found a regiment of soldiers from 
 the castle drawn up, who beat a parley and demanded 
 quarter, which was granted, upon their becoming 
 prisoners of war. 
 
 Soon after this siege the parliamentary forces re¬ 
 took the castle, and Colonel Birch was appointed 
 governor. The town of Liverpool was at this time 
 and before, indebted to the family of Mores, at Bank- 
 hall, for several buildings dedicated both to public 
 and private uses. The ancient Charity School was 
 chiefly founded by that family, and some of the streets 
 derive their names from them. 
 
 From the acts of Parliament made in favour of the 
 town from the reign of William and Mary to that of 
 George II., we may trace the rapid progress of popu¬ 
 lation and commerce in this flourishing place. 
 
 In 1565 it appears that there were in Liverpool 
 only 138 householders and cottagers, and all the 
 
 o 
 
158 
 
 LIVERPOOL, 
 
 shipping of the place did not amount to more than 
 ten barks (the largest of forty tons burthen) and two 
 boats, the whole making 223 tons, and navigated by 
 twenty-five men ; and at Wallasey, a creek opposite, 
 were three barks and boats. 
 
 From this period to that of the civil wars, the in¬ 
 crease of its population and trade could not be very 
 considerable, since we find no mention of the place 
 worthy of being recorded ; yet it must have received 
 some augmentation to have enabled it to undergo the 
 siege already mentioned. 
 
 In the year 1710 the great increase of trade sug¬ 
 gested the necessity of a dock to receive the ship¬ 
 ping, and accordingly an Act of Parliament was 
 obtained for the purpose of empowering the town to 
 construct one. At this period there were eighty-four 
 ships belonging to the port, averaging about seventy 
 tons burthen each, and navigated by eleven men at 
 an average. 
 
 According to Dr. Enfield, the number of houses 
 in 1753 amounted to 3,700, and of inhabitants about 
 20,000. In 1760 the number of houses was 4,200 
 and, according to the doctor’s mode of calculation, 
 the number of inhabitants 25,000 ; and the tonnage 
 of shipping belonging to the port was about four 
 times that of the year 1709. 
 
 The town was, in 1765, provided with a Custom- 
 House, a large and handsome Exchange, a neat 
 Theatre, and all other useful and ornamental struc¬ 
 tures belonging to a wealthy commercial town. 
 
LIVERPOOL. 
 
 159 
 
 Liverpool now began to derive considerable com¬ 
 mercial advantages from the Duke of Bridgewater’s 
 Canal, which brought such plentiful supplies of coal, 
 as greatly added to the exportation of that commo¬ 
 dity from this port. 
 
 In the year 1786, 2,800 vessels were cleared out¬ 
 wards from this port, and above 3000 inwards. The 
 duties paid at the custom-house in 1784 amounted to 
 =£640,510. 
 
 The merchants of Liverpool trade to all parts of 
 the world, but the most beneficial trade is to the West- 
 Indies, the Baltic, America, Spain, Portugal, the 
 ports of the Mediterranean, and the North and South 
 Whale Fisheries. During the last war, this port 
 carried on more foreign trade than any town in Eng¬ 
 land ; and such is the state of it at present that there 
 are near eight thousand vessels cleared from it in 
 one year to different parts of the world. 
 
 According to estimates that have been carefully 
 made, it appears that Liverpool navigates one-twelfth 
 part of all the shipping of Great Britain ; that it has 
 one-fourth part of the foreign trade of Great Britain ; 
 one-half of the trade of the city of London, and one- 
 sixth part of the general commerce of Great Britain. 
 
 By the completion of the late inland navigation, 
 Liverpool has communication with the river Dee, 
 Ribble, Ouse, Trent, Derwent, Severn, Humber, 
 Thames, Avon, &c., which navigation, including 
 its windings, extends above five hundred miles, in 
 
 o 2 
 
160 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, York, West¬ 
 moreland, Chester, Stafford, Warwick, Leicester, 
 Oxford, Worcester, &c. The Mersey, upon which 
 the town is situated, abounds with salmon, cod, floun¬ 
 ders, turbot, plaise, and smelts, and at full sea is 
 about two miles over. The Mersey is properly an arm 
 of the sea, and subject to the variations of the tide ; 
 its breadth, from Leacombe Point to the opposite 
 shore, is 1,200, and from the Pitch House to Birket 
 Point, 1,500 yards, and is crossed by a ferry, the 
 passengers being carried to shore on men’s shoul¬ 
 ders ; but this only occurs at low water; there are 
 convenient slips, &c., ’where at all other times of the 
 tide, passengers, cattle, &c., are landed with ease 
 and expedition. Ships of any burthen may come up 
 with their full lading, and ride before the town, which 
 is quite open and unfortified. There is a navigation 
 from hence farther up the Mersey, and that for ships 
 of burthen too, as high almost as Warrington, and 
 also up the south channel, as they call the river Wee- 
 ver, but it is chiefly for salt, and Cheshire cheese, of 
 which great quantities are shipped off here for the 
 west and south parts of England. 
 
 The present Corporation consists of a Mayor, Re¬ 
 corder, sixteen Aldermen, forty-eight Councillors, 
 two Bailiffs, a Town Clerk, and various subordinate 
 officers. TheMayor is elected annually by the Council 
 on the 9th of November. 
 
DOCKS. 
 
 ]()1 
 
 Liverpool sends two members to Parliament; the 
 constituency is 17,427 in number, and consists of the 
 old freemen and householders of £10 and upwards. 
 
 The Docks 
 
 must be considered as the peculiar feature of Liver¬ 
 pool. They are imperishable memorials of the indus¬ 
 try, enterprise, and perseverance of its inhabitants. 
 
 The Clarence Dock was opened on the 16th of 
 •September, 1830; it is exclusively appropriated to 
 steam-packets. 
 
 The W\aterloo Dock, the Victoria Dock , and the 
 Trafalgar Dock communicate with each other, and 
 udd materially to the convenience of the port. 
 
 The Prince’s Dock is appropriated to the Ameri¬ 
 can packet ships and transient vessels. The remain¬ 
 ing- docks are the 
 
 George’s Dock , Canning Dock , Salt-house Dock, 
 The Duke of Bridgwater’s Dock , The King’s Dock, 
 The Queen’s Dock , The Brunswick Dock . 
 
 Public Buildings. 
 
 The Town-Hall —The Town Hall is situated at 
 the end of Castle-street. The interior may be seen 
 by the public ; the gallery surrounding the dome pre¬ 
 sents a complete panorama of Liverpool and the 
 neighbouring country; on the west the view is 
 bounded by the Welsh mountains. 
 
 The Exchange-Buildings were finished in January 
 
162 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 1809, at a cost of near <£1 11,000, which was raised 
 by subscription in «£100 shares. These buildings, 
 form, with the Town-Hall, a quadrangle of 35,066 
 square yards. In the centre of this area is a bronze 
 monument, erected in 1813 to the memory of Lord 
 Nelson. It was modelled and cast by R.Westmacott, 
 Esq., R.A., and cost .£9,000. 
 
 Government Offices are situated at the bottom of 
 South Castle-street; and, under the same roof, are 
 the offices for the Customs, the Excise , the Dock 
 Trust, and the Post-Office . The latter was not 
 opened when these pages went to press. 
 
 The Sessions House is a large quadrangular edifice 
 of stone. In this the judicial business of the assizes 
 for a portion of the county of Lancashire, and the 
 borough, is transacted ; and in it also are held the 
 courts of quarter sessions of West Derby. 
 
 The Telegraph situated at the bottom of Chapel- 
 street, may be visited by strangers. 
 
 The Infirmary , The House of Industry, and L unatic 
 Asylum , are well adapted to their objects. 
 
 The Statue of George the Third is situated at the 
 bottom of Pembroke-place, in London-road. 
 
 Churches and Chapels. 
 
 The Churches in this town are twenty-four in 
 number. The following are the most worthy of 
 attention :—St. Luke’s, at the top of Bold-street; 
 St. George’s (the Corporation church), at the top ol 
 
CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. 
 
 163 
 
 Lord-street; St. Nicholas’s, at the bottom of Chapel- 
 street ; St. Paul’s, in St. Paul’s-square (it is a minia¬ 
 ture representation of the London cathedral); St. 
 Catherine’s, in Abercromby-square ; and the Blind 
 Asylum, in Duncan-street East: the latter is well 
 worthy of a visit, the service being most admirably 
 chaunted, as in our cathedrals. The clocks of St. 
 Peter’s Church, in Church-street, St. Nicholas’s 
 Church, in Chapel-street, and St. George’s, in Lord- 
 street, are illuminated. 
 
 The Chapels of the Independents are Bethesda, 
 Duncan-street, London-road ; Gloucester-street Cha¬ 
 pel ; Great George-street Chapel ; Great Crosshall- 
 street Chapel; Renshaw-street Chapel; Toxteth- 
 park Chapel. 
 
 The Baptists have chapels in Byrom-street, Comus- 
 street, Cockspur-street, Great Crosshall-street, Lime- 
 street, and Russell.street. 
 
 The Wesley an Chapels are Bonn’s Garden Chapel ; 
 Brunswick Chapel, Moss-street, London-road; Leeds- 
 street Chapel; Mount-pleasant Chapel ; Pitt-street 
 Chapel; Wesley Chapel, Stanhope-street. 
 
 Scotch Churches. —St. Andrew’s Church, Rodjney- 
 street ; Oldham-street Church. The Scotch Secession 
 Churches are in Mount Pleasant and Russell-street; 
 and the Scotch Baptist Church is in Hunter-street. 
 
 Roman Catholic Chapels are St. Mary’s, Lumber- 
 street ; St. Anthony’s, Scotland-road; St. Patrick’s, 
 Toxteth Park ; St. Peter’s, Scel-street; St. Nicho¬ 
 las’s, Blake-street. 
 
164 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 The Friends' Meeting House is in Hunter-street; 
 the Jews' Synagogue , in Seal-street. 
 
 Unitarian Chapels .—There are two ; one in Para¬ 
 dise-street, and the other in Renshavv-street. 
 
 Charitable Institutions 
 
 are very numerous in this town, well-supported, and 
 may be said to reach human suffering in every shape, 
 as may be seen by the following list:— 
 
 Alms-houses, St. Mary’s-lane ; Blue Coat Hospital, 
 School-lane; Blind Asylum, London-road ; Bethel 
 Union Ship, King’s Dock ; Charity Schools ; Charity 
 Institution House, Slater-street; Charity (the Ladies’) 
 for Relief of Women in Child-bed; Dispensaries— 
 one in Vauxhall-road, one in Upper Parliament- 
 street; Female School of Industry, Heathfield-street; 
 Female Penitentiary, Crabtree-lane ; House of Re¬ 
 covery, Workhouse; Infirmary, Brownlow-street; 
 Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Duke-street; In¬ 
 fants’ Schools, several of them ; Lunatic Asylum, 
 Ashton.street, Brownlow-hill ; Marine Society Ma¬ 
 riners’ Church; Marine Humane Society; Mariners’ 
 Church Society, Ship in St. George’s Dock ; Naval 
 Bible Society, Mariners’ Church ; Ophthalmic In¬ 
 stitution, in Slater’s-court; Society for Bettering 
 the Condition of the Poor, Saving’s Bank, Bold- 
 street ; Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 
 Ranelagh-street; Stranger’s Friend Society; School 
 for the Deaf and Dumb, Wood-street; Welsh Cha¬ 
 ritable Society, Russel-place. 
 
165 
 
 Places of Amusement. 
 
 The Theatre Royal is on the east side of Wil- 
 liamson-square. The building 1 is of brick ; with a 
 stone front, and emblematical figures in bas-relief. 
 The interior decorations are new and chaste 5 the 
 stage is large, and the voice is heard most intelli¬ 
 gibly in the remotest part of the building. 
 
 The Royal Amphitheatre is situate in Great Char¬ 
 lotte-street. The exterior is stuccoed in imitation of 
 stone. The interior is both commodious and taste¬ 
 fully fitted up. This theatre is principally used for 
 equestrian performances and pantomimic exhibitions. 
 
 The Liver Theatre is most centrically situated in 
 Church-street. The interior is very neatly fitted up, 
 has an excellent stage, and receives a large portion 
 of public patronage. Open from December to May. 
 
 The Queen s Theatre , or Circus . 
 
 The Sans Pareil , situated in Great Charlotte- 
 
 street. 
 
 The Wellington Concert Rooms are situated at the 
 upper part of Mount Pleasant, and the cornel ot 
 Great Orford-street. This edifice has a handsome 
 stone front. 
 
 The Pistol Gallery is situated in Tarlton-street. 
 
 The Prince's Parade , on the west side of Prince’s 
 Dock, is 750 yards long, by 11 wide, and for the 
 most part protected from the river by a low battle¬ 
 ment. This is one of the most agreeable parades 
 in the town, particularly at high water, when the 
 estuary is often covered with shipping. 
 
 J 
 
166 
 
 LIVERPOOL, — LIBRARIES, &C. 
 
 St. James's Walk, or The Mount, commands a fine 
 view of Liverpool, the sea, the river, and the Cheshire 
 coast. 
 
 The Zoological Gardens. —Admission tickets may¬ 
 be gratuitously obtained at most of the hotels. Each 
 visitor, however, pays one shilling on admission. 
 
 The Botanic Garden , in Edge-lane. Tickets may 
 be obtained at the hotels. 
 
 Institutions. 
 
 The Royal Institution is situated in Colquitt-street. 
 The objects of the Society are the diffusion and ad¬ 
 vancement of literature and the fine arts. There are 
 some tolerable paintings, a museum, and a statue gal- 
 lery. 
 
 Mechanics' Institution, situated in Mount-street. 
 
 libraries and News-Rooms. 
 
 The Athenaeum, established in 1779, is situated in 
 Church-street. The library is supported by subscri¬ 
 bers of £2 2s. each. It contains many valuable books. 
 
 The Lyceum is a large substantial building at the 
 lower end of Bold-street. It contains an extensive 
 library and well supplied reading-room. 
 
 Laiv Library is situated in Clarendon-buildings. 
 
 Union News-room , is situated in Duke-street. 
 
 The Public Library, for the use of male and female 
 apprentices, founded in 1822. 
 
 The Philosophical and Literary Society, founded 
 in 1812. 
 
167 
 
 Newspapers. 
 
 Monday. —“ Albion ” (The). Whig.— “ A dver- 
 tiser ” (Myers’s Mercantile). Commercial. 
 
 Tuesday. — “Standard” (The Liverpool). Con¬ 
 servative. 
 
 — “Times” (The Liverpool). Whig.— “Mail.” 
 Conservative. 
 
 Wednesday. —“ Courier” (The Liverpool). Tory. 
 — “Telegraph.” Whig. 
 
 Thursday. — “Advertiser” (Gore’s General). 
 Principally Commercial.—“ Mail.” 
 
 Friday. — Mercury” (The Liverpool). Whig. 
 —“ Standard ” (The Liverpool). 
 
 * Saturday. —“ Chronicle” (The Liverpool). Whig. 
 
 • —“ Journal ” (The Liverpool). Radical.—“ Mail.” 
 
 Baths, 
 
 The Neiv Baths are situated on the west side of St, 
 George’s Dock. 
 
 Sadler’s Baths, Hanover-street. 
 
 Whitlaw’s Medicated Vapour Baths are much cele¬ 
 brated. 
 
 The Floating Bath is, in the summer time, moored 
 off the Prince’s Parade. The most favourable time 
 for bathing is as the tide comes in. These baths 
 are very clean and commodious. 
 
 The Cemeteries. 
 
 St. James’s Cemetery is situated at the top of Duke- 
 street. 
 
168 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 The Necropolis , or Low Hill Cemetery , is situated 
 at Low Hill.* 
 
 X&arkets, 
 
 St. John's Market is situated in Great Charlotte- 
 street; it is 183 yards long by 45 broad, comprising 
 an area of 8,335 yards, and was erected at an expense 
 of near .£40,000. 
 
 New Fish Market , opposite the eastern entrance 
 of the above market, is a commodious building. 
 
 St. James's Market is situated at the south end of 
 Great George-street. It was erected by the Corpo¬ 
 ration at an expense of £14,000. 
 
 The North Market has two fronts—one in Scotland- 
 road, and the other in Bevington-bush. It is 213 
 feet long by 135 wide, and was erected by the Cor¬ 
 poration. 
 
 The Islington Market is situated on the top of 
 Shaw’s Brow. 
 
 The Cattle Market is three miles from Liverpool, 
 on the London road. 
 
 The Corn Exchange , in Brunswick-street, is a 
 handsome structure ; it was erected by subscription, 
 at an expense of £10,000. 
 
 Post-Office. 
 
 Delivery of Letters .—The first delivery commences at 8 a.m., and 
 the office continues open till the arrival of the London Mail (per Grand 
 Junction Railway), about 11 40 a.m. The letters comprised in this 
 
 * These elegant depositaries for the dead are well worthy of atten¬ 
 tion. 
 
POST-OFFICE, 
 
 169 
 
 delivery are those of the over-night Birmingham mail (with a bag from 
 Manchester and a foreign bag from London); the Holyhead and Car¬ 
 lisle mails (with bags from Edinburgh and Glasgow) ; and the Dublin 
 packet. 
 
 2d Deliver}/ commences about 9, with the first Manchester mail per 
 Railway ; bringing also bags from Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds, 
 and York. 
 
 3d Delivery commences about 10 45 A.nr., and includes the letters by 
 the 2d Manchester mail per Railway, with a bag from Newton. 
 
 4th Delivery commences about 12 30 a.m. (and continues until about 
 3 40 p.m.), in which are included bags from Birmingham, Walsall, 
 Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich, Middie- 
 wich, Northwich, Preston-brook, Warrington, Eccleshall, Stone, 
 Towcester, Northampton, London, Bristol, Exeter, Falmouth; and 
 the letters from Portugal, North and South America, and the West 
 Indies, are also included in this delivery. 
 
 5th Delivery commences about £ past 1 p.m., and includes letters 
 brought by the Bristol mail. 
 
 6th Delivery commences about 4 p.m., and includes letters brought 
 by the 3d Manchester mail, per Railway. 
 
 7 th Delivery commences about 4 50 p.m., and includes bags from 
 Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford, Warrington, Prescot, and 
 Edinburgh, Glasgow, Carlisle, Lancaster, Preston, Chorley, and Wigan. 
 
 6th Delivery commences at 10 minutes past 6, with the letters by the 
 Lancaster mail, from Ormskirk and Maghull. 
 
 9th Delivery commences at \ past 7 p.m. It includes the letters of 
 the 4th Manchester mail (per Railway), with bags from York and 
 Leeds. 
 
 10 th Delivery commences about 7 30 p.m., and includes bags from 
 Bristol, Northampton, Towcester, Birmingham, Walsall, Wolver¬ 
 hampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich, Middlewich, 
 Northwich, Preston-brook, Warrington, and Prescot. 
 
 The Delivery closes finally at 9 p.m. ; on Sundays at 8 p.m. 
 
 There are three deliveries within the town by letter-carriers, every 
 day (except Sunday) ; the first delivery to commence about 8 a.m.; 
 the second about \ past 12 ; the third about 5 p.m. On Sundays only 
 theyim, at 8 a.m. 
 
 When any delay occurs in the arrival of the mails, a corresponding 
 delay will, of course, occur in the delivery. 
 
 The office is closed on Sundays from 9 a.m. until I 30 p.m., and 
 finally at 8 p.m. 
 
 P 
 
170 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 Despatch of Letters .—The following are the houi’s 
 at which the letter-box is closed for making up the 
 several mails, and at which each mail is despatched : 
 
 Box closes at 
 
 H. M. 
 
 G 0 a.m. \ 
 
 First Grand Junction. 
 r Bags made up for Warrington, Preston Broook 
 
 Despatched at 
 
 ;1 
 
 Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich,Congle- 
 ton, Newcastle, Market-Drayton, Stafford, 
 
 Penkridge, Wolverhampton, Walsall, and ' h. m. 
 Birmingham; and on Tuesdays and Fridays /' 6 20 A.M. 
 a Foreign Bag to London. 'The postage of j 
 Foreign Letters can he paid from 5 30 to 6 J 
 A.M. and up to 9 o’clock the previous evening.J 
 
 First Manchester Mail. 
 
 G 30 a m.{ ® a & s Manchester, Bolton, Rochdale, Leeds, j. g 50 a.m. 
 
 Lancaster Mail. 
 
 8 0 a.m. For Maghull, Ormskirk, and Southport .... 
 
 Second Manchester Mail. 
 f A bag for Prescot, and (per Railway to Nete-'l 
 it an a Tvr ' ton 'l bags for Newton, Wigan, Chorley, l 
 ' • * 1 Preston, Lancaster, Carlisle, Glasgow, Edin- < 
 
 L burgh, and Manchester .— J 
 
 Second Grand Junction. 
 
 0am -f ^ a S s t° r Warrington, Stafford, Wolverhamp-1 
 
 11 
 
 
 8 15 A.M 
 
 8 50 A.m, 
 
 11 20 a.m. 
 
 
 11 50 A.M. 
 
 ton, and Birmingham 
 
 Third Manchester Mail. 
 f For Prescot, St. Helen’s, Warrington, Wigan,' 
 
 11 30 A. m.< Bolton, Blackburn, Colne, Bury, and Ivlan- 
 f Chester .... 
 
 Penny Posts. 
 
 (For Birkenhead, Upton, Seacombe, New"! 
 
 11 Oa.mx Brighton, Crosby, Bootle, Walton, West >12 45 p.m. 
 f Derby, Old Swan, Woolton, and W avertree. J 
 
 Fourth Manchester Mail. 
 
 1 30 p m | ^or Newton, Prescot, Warrington, and Man-j 
 
 ' \ Chester 
 
 1 50 p.m. 
 
 1 45 p.m. 
 
 Third Grand Junction. 
 
 Bags for Prescot, Warrington, Preston-Brook,^ 
 Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich,Newcas¬ 
 tle, Eccleshall, Stone, Stafford, Penkridge, 
 Wolverhampton, Walsall, Birmingham, 
 
 Towcester, Northampton, London, and o on _ 
 Bristol; and Letters for Portugal, North J M P,M * 
 and South America, and the West Indies. 1 
 The Letters for London sent by this despatch j 
 will be included in the first delivery there the g 
 following morning .. J 
 
Box closes at 
 
 POST-OFFICE- 
 
 171 
 
 Despatched, at 
 
 Carlisle Mail. 
 
 C For Ormskirk, Preston, Chorley,Wigan, Bol-'l M> 
 j ton,Bury,Blackburn,Haslingden,Lancaster, > ^’gQ* m> 
 { Westmoreland,Cumberland, and all Scotland ) 
 h. m. / Fifth Manchester and the York Mails. 
 
 4 0 p.m. For Manchester, Rochdale, and the Counties'! , ... 
 j of York, Lincoln, and Durham (per Railway J 
 Bristol Mail. 
 
 I For Chester, South Wales, and Bristol. } 
 
 Dublin Mail Packet. > 5 0 p.m. 
 
 4 20 p.m. For Ireland . •) 
 
 Bolton Mail. 
 
 4 30 p.m. For Bolton . 5 0 p.m. 
 
 Holyhead Mail. 
 
 , „„ ( For Birkenhead, New Ferry, Chester, and\ 0 
 
 5 30 p.m. | North Wales . / 0 U P - M * 
 
 Fourth Grand Junction. 
 
 P igs for Manchester, Warrington, Stafford, 
 
 Wolverhampton,Birmingham, and London. I 9n 
 v u x-.iu. T/ie Betters for London sent by this despatch I 
 will be delivered there about 11 ..J 
 
 India. _Letters to and from the East-Indies are regularly forwarded 
 
 by ships. The postage must be paid when posted. 
 
 The rate outwards is two-pence per package under three ounces, and 
 one shilling per ounce above that weight. 
 
 Letters conveyed outwards in sealed bags, are chargeable with eight- 
 pence single, if sent by ship from the port at which they are posted; 
 but if sent from any inland town, or to another port, one shilling, which 
 must be paid when posted. 
 
 Foreign Letters.— No letters for foreign parts, except British America, 
 the British West-India Islands, and France, can be forwarded, unless 
 postage be first paid ; in default, they are sent to the General Post- 
 office, London, opened, and returned back to the writers. 
 
 Foreign Post Days, at 2 20 p.m. 
 
 For Demerara, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands, 1st and 15th day 
 in every month; North America and the Bahamas, the first Wednesday 
 in each month. 
 
 For Carthagena, Mexico, Cuba, Honduras, and Havannah, 15th of 
 every month. 
 
 For Portugal, every Friday. 
 
 For South America, La Guara, Madeira, Gibraltar, and the Medi¬ 
 terranean, the first day of every month. 
 
 p 2 
 
172 
 
 The Rail-road. 
 
 The trains start for Manchester at the following- 
 hours, and leave Manchester for Liverpool at the 
 same time : 
 
 FIRST CLASS. 
 7 o’clock 
 
 9 — 
 
 11 — 
 
 2 — 
 
 5 — 
 
 7 — 
 
 SECOND CLASS. 
 
 7 i o’clock. 
 
 10 — 
 
 12 — 
 
 3 — 
 
 5 £ — 
 
 7 — 
 
 {The latter Train stopping only at Newton.) 
 
 Except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the evening 
 Second Class train, from Manchester, will start at 
 six o’clock, instead of half-past five o’clock. 
 
 On Sundays. 
 
 FIRST CLASS. SECOND CLASS. 
 
 8 o’clock 7 o’clock 
 
 5 — 5* — 
 
 Liverpool and Manchester to Wigan. 
 
 By the First Class train, 7 o’clock in the morning. 
 By the Second Class trains, 10, 12, 5| o’clock. 
 On Sundays .—By the Second Class trains, 7> 
 o’clock. 
 
 Liverpool and Manchester to Bolton. 
 
 By the First Class train, 9 o’clock in the morning. 
 By the Second Class trains, 7L 12, 5£ o’clock. 
 
LIVERPOOL. 173 
 
 On Sundays.—B y the Second Class trains, 7 51 
 
 Liverpool and Manchester to St. Helen’s. 
 
 By the Second Class trains, 71 , 10 , 12 , 3 , o’clock. 
 
 On Sundays .—By the Second Class trains, 7 51 
 o’clock. ’ 2 
 
 Liverpool and Manchester to Runcorn Gap. 
 
 By the Second Class trains, 71 , 3 o’clock. 
 
 On Sundays .—By the Second Class trains, 7 51 
 
 o’clock. 
 
 Fares. Mails, 6s. 6d. Coaches, 5s. 6d. Open Car- 
 riages, is. 6d. 
 
 FR0M arrival 
 
 Liverpool. at Birmingham. 
 
 H. M. H. M. 
 
 First Class 6.30 a.m. 11.5 a.m. 
 
 Mixed 8 . 30 — . 2. 0 p.m. 
 
 First Class 11.30 —. 4 . 5 
 
 First Class 2.30 —. 7,5 _ 
 
 Mixed 4 30 —. 10.0 _ 
 
 First Class 6.30 —. 11.5 _ 
 
 On Sundays .—The four First Class trains only, 
 with the addition of Second Class coaches, will start 
 at the same hours as on the week days, but will not 
 take up and set down passengers at any but at the six 
 principal stopping places. 
 
 p 3 
 
174 
 
 Coach Offices. 
 
 Angel Inn, Dale-street ; Eagle, Water-street; 
 Morgan’s, Fenwick-street; Wellington, Dale-street; 
 Saracen’s Head, Dale-street; White Horse, Dale- 
 street ; Golden Lion, Dale-street; Feathers, Jaines- 
 street; Dodd’s, James-street; Boar’s Head, Water- 
 street. 
 
 Hackney Coach Fares, 
 
 Which include a reasonable quantity of luggage . 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Not exceeding 1,000 yards. 1 0 
 
 Exceeding 1,000 yards, and not exceeding 1,700 1 6 
 And for each 700 yards, or any intermediate dis¬ 
 tance . 0 6 
 
 Car Fares. —Two-thirds of the above Fares. 
 
 N.B.—Carriages with two horses and two wheels, or one horse and 
 two wheels, or one horse and four wheels, are considered care. If a 
 coach or car be detained above ten minutes, to be allowed sixpence for 
 
 every ten minutes detained. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Coach hired by the day . 18 0 
 
 Ditto by the hour, first hour. 2 6 
 
 Ditto, and for every subsequent hour. 1 G 
 
 Car hired by the day.12 0 
 
 Ditto, by the hour, first hour .. 1 6 
 
 Ditto, for every subsequent hour. 1 0 
 
 Double fares to be paid after twelve o’clock at 
 night, except on public ball nights; then, at 
 such public balls, one o’clock. 
 
 The driver has the option to be paid either time or distance. 
 
 Car Stands. 
 
 Stands .— Castle-street, St. George’s Church, Clay- 
 ton-square, Great George’s-place, London-road, Scot- 
 land-place, the Baths at St. George’s-dock. 
 
175 
 
 Steam-Packets 
 
 OFFICES. 
 
 PEACE. 
 
 TIME OF SAILING. 
 
 To Dublin. 
 
 Daily, at Five o’clock. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Greenock & Glas¬ 
 gow. 
 
 Ditto, Ditto. 
 
 Daily, according to the 
 tide. 
 
 Monday, Wednesday, 
 and Saturday. 
 
 Ditto, Ditto. 
 
 Londonderry. 
 
 Newry. 
 
 Carlisle and An¬ 
 nan, calling off 
 Whitehaven and 
 Maryport. 
 Carlisle. 
 Drogheda. 
 
 Isle of Man. 
 
 Wednesday and Satur¬ 
 day. 
 
 Twice a-weck. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 Once a-week. 
 
 Four times a-week. 
 Daily. 
 
 Rhyl. 
 
 Beaumaris and 
 Bangor. 
 
 Cork and Bristol. 
 Belfast. 
 
 Belfast. 
 
 Daily in summer. 
 
 Once a-week in winter, 
 and daily in summer, j 
 Once a-week 
 Monday, Wednesday, 
 and Friday. 
 
 W ednesday. 
 
 Ditto 
 
 Monday and Friday. 
 
 Windermere, and 
 the Lakes. 
 Whitehaven. 
 
 [ford. 
 
 Dundalk & Wex- 
 Dundalk, 
 
 Dumfries. 
 
 Four times a-week. 
 
 Monday,Thursday, & 
 Saturday, in Sum¬ 
 mer; once a-week 
 in winter. 
 
 Once a-week. 
 
 Tuesday, Thursday, 
 and Saturday. 
 
 Twice a-week in Sum¬ 
 mer; once a-week in 
 Winter. 
 
 Post Office Packet, 
 Capt.Chappel, India-bdgs. 
 S. Perry, Clarence Dock, 
 and 21, Water-street. 
 Matthie and Martin, 34, 
 W ater-street. 
 
 Mclver and Co., 33, Wa- 
 
 Moore and‘M’Creight, 20, 
 Water-street. 
 
 G. Purdon, 21, Water-st. 
 Theakstone, Water-street. 
 
 J. D. Thompson, 9, Goree. 
 
 W. Splaine, 20, Water-st. 
 
 Moore and Christian, 23, 
 Redcross-street. 
 
 Office, 23, Water-street. 
 
 St.George Stm.PacketCo., 
 J.R. Pim, 21, Water-st. 
 
 Ditto, ditto. 
 
 Samuel Perry,27,Water-st. 
 
 John Me Cammon, 27, 
 Water-street. 
 
 Langtrys and Co., 30, 
 Water-street. 
 
 James Winder, 4, Strand- 
 street. 
 
 Fisher and Steward. 
 
 Thomas M’Tear. 
 
 St. George Steam Packet 
 Company; J. R. Pim, 
 Water-street. 
 
 R. Sproat, 20, Water-st. 
 
 Besides the above, steam-packets are going' to the 
 Cheshire shore every half-hour. Many pleasant 
 excursions may he taken up or down the river, at 
 the moderate charge of from threepence to sixpence 
 each person. 
 
170 
 
 LIVERPOOL. 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 The following- are the principal:— Adelphi, Rane- 
 lagh-place ; Albion , Ranelagh-street; Angel, Dale 
 street ; Bull, Clayton square; Commercial, Dale- 
 street ; Castle, Clayton-square; Feathers, Clayton- 
 square ; George, Dale-street; Grecian, Dale-street; 
 King William IV., Williamson-square; King's Arms, 
 Castle-street; Neptune, Clayton-square; Royal Hotel, 
 corner of Moorfields, Dale-street; Saracen's Head, 
 Dal e-street; Saddle Inn, Dale-street; Star and Gar¬ 
 ter Tavern, Paradise-street; Union, Clayton-square; 
 Waterloo, Ranelagh-street; Wellington, Dale-street; 
 Yo rk, Williamson-square. 
 
 bankers, 
 
 With the Houses which they draw upon in London . 
 
 Moss and Co., Dale-street—Barclay and Co. 
 
 A. Heywood, Sons and Co., Brunswick-street—Denison and Co. 
 Leyland and Co., 7, King-street—Masterman and Co. 
 
 Central Bank of England, 12, Temple-street—Esdaile and Co. 
 Borough Bank, Water-street—Glyn and Co. 
 
 Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Company, 43, Castle- 
 treet—Smith, Payne, and Smith. 
 
 I. Barnedand Co., Lord-street—Sir C. Price, Marryat, and Co., and 
 ult, Son and Co. 
 
 Liverpool Commercial Bank, High-street—Williams, Deacon, and Co. 
 Bank of Liverpool, Water-street—Glyn and Co. 
 
 Branch Bank of England, 55, Hanover-streeet—Bank of England. 
 Phoenix Bank, Dale-street—Grote, Prescott, and Co. 
 
 Commercial Bank of England, Water-street—Barnet, Hoare, and Co. 
 Liverpool United Trades Bank, South Castle-street—Currie, Raikes, 
 and Co. 
 
 Albion Bank, North John-strect—Grote, Prescott, and Co. 
 
 Union Bank, Water-street—Cunliffes and Co. 
 
 North and South Wales Hank—Robarts and Co. 
 
 Royal Bank, Water-street—Robarts and Co. 
 
r~o 
 
 c 
 
 i 
 
 ifford 
 
 (tiles 
 
 14 
 
 Whtmore 
 
 24I 
 
 36 | 
 
 48! 
 
 Miles 
 
 iof 
 
 2 2h 
 
 34i 
 
 Crew 
 
 Miles 
 
 ll| 
 
 24 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Miles 
 
 12 ^ 
 
 Warringn i 
 
 to Liverpool | 
 orManchest. 
 
 M iles 
 
STATIONS. 
 
 HARROW. 
 
 WATFORD . 
 
 BOXMOOR . 
 
 London 
 
 BERKHAMPSTD. 
 
 TRING . 
 
 LEIGHTON. 
 
 DENBIGH-HALL 
 
 Stony Stratford .. 
 
 Towcester . 
 
 Weedon . 
 
 Daventry . 
 
 Dunchurch . 
 
 RUGBY . 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 Miles 
 
 I *7 ^ 
 
 L/jl 
 
 24 4 
 
 28 
 
 31 
 
 m. 
 
 42l 
 
 BIRMINGHAM ... 
 WOLVERHMPTN 
 
 STAFFORD. 
 
 WHITMORE . 
 
 CREW. 
 
 HARTFORD . 
 
 WARRINGTON... 
 
 LIVERPOOL or \ 
 MANCHESTER / 
 
 5£L 
 
 61 
 
 69 
 
 73 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 96 
 
 128f 
 
 *43? 
 
 1 57 f 
 
 168 
 
 l8o4_ 
 
 ■ 1 9 g i 
 
 1 Ms 
 
 Harrow 
 
 Miles 
 
 6 
 
 Watford 
 
 13 
 
 *7 4 
 
 loi 
 
 27 4 
 
 37 
 
 Ail 
 
 494 
 
 584 
 
 111 
 
 684 
 
 73: 
 
 84^ 
 
 102 
 
 n6i 
 
 13U 
 
 146^ 
 
 157 
 
 212 
 
 i 68 i 
 
 181 
 
 200 | 
 
 Miles 
 
 7 
 
 104 
 
 Hi 
 
 22 1 
 
 31 
 
 354 
 
 434 
 
 52J 
 
 55 4 
 
 624 
 
 l7i 
 
 784 
 
 97 
 
 1114 
 
 1264 
 
 1404 
 
 151 
 
 162? 
 
 175 
 
 i94i 
 
 Boxmoor 
 
 Miles 
 
 32 
 
 7i 
 
 *5$ 
 
 24 
 
 28A 
 
 364 
 
 454 
 
 484 
 
 554 
 
 6o| 
 
 7*4 
 
 90 
 
 !04i 
 
 “9* 
 
 1 334 
 144 
 
 155! 
 
 168 
 
 187^ 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES 
 
 ON THE 
 
 LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM AND GRAND JUNCTION RAILROADS. 
 
 Berksted, 
 
 Miles 
 
 3f 
 
 11 
 
 204 
 
 25 
 
 33 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 52 
 
 57 
 
 68 
 
 864 
 
 ioof 
 
 i»5f 
 
 129! 
 1404 
 1524 
 164 4 
 
 184 
 
 Tring 
 
 Miles 
 
 74 
 
 i6f 
 
 214 
 
 29i 
 
 384 
 
 4i4 
 
 48^ 
 
 4 
 
 534 
 
 7o4 
 
 824 
 
 97 
 
 112 
 
 126 
 
 1364 
 
 1484 
 
 i6o| 
 
 f 
 
 Those Towns in Italics are traversed by Coaches . 
 
 Leighton 
 
 Miles 
 
 93 
 
 Den. Hall 
 
 14 
 
 22 
 
 3i 
 
 34 
 
 41 
 
 46 
 
 Miles 
 
 54 
 
 134 
 
 214 
 
 254 
 
 324 
 
 374 
 
 57 
 
 754 
 
 891 
 
 104! 
 
 n8f 
 
 1294 
 
 1414 
 
 i 8 o| 
 
 1534 
 
 173 
 
 484 
 
 67 
 
 8i4 
 
 9^4 
 
 no4 
 
 121 
 
 * 32f 
 
 M5 
 
 i644 
 
 Sto.Sirat 
 
 Miles 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 43 
 
 614 
 
 75? 
 
 9°f 
 
 104! 
 
 1154 
 
 1274 
 
 1394 
 
 159 
 
 Towcester 
 
 Miles 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 35 
 
 534 
 
 67f 
 
 82! 
 
 96 f 
 
 1074 
 
 1194 
 
 1314 
 
 151 
 
 Weedon 
 
 Miles 
 
 4 
 
 Daventry 
 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 27 
 
 454 
 
 59? 
 
 74? 
 
 881 
 
 994 
 
 1114 
 
 123? 
 
 143 
 
 Miles 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 4i4 
 
 55? 
 
 70 2 
 
 841 
 
 954 
 
 1074 
 
 1194 
 
 139 
 
 Dunchrch 
 
 Miles 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 34 4 
 
 48^ 
 
 631 
 
 771 
 
 884 
 
 1004 
 
 1124 
 
 131 
 
 Rugby 
 
 Miles 
 
 11 
 
 294 
 
 43? 
 
 58f 
 
 72f 
 
 834 
 
 95? 
 
 1074 
 
 127 
 
 Coventry 
 
 Miles 
 
 184 
 
 32f 
 
 47| 
 
 6ii 
 
 724 
 
 8 4 4_ 
 
 964 
 
 116 
 
 Birmngm 
 
 Miles 
 
 144 
 
 294 
 
 434 
 
 54 
 
 651 
 
 78 
 
 974 
 
 Wolvrhtn 
 
 Miles 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 39? 
 
 5 l 4 
 63! 
 834 
 
 Stafford 
 
 Miles 
 
 24| 
 
 364 
 
 48! 
 
 684 
 
 Whtmore 
 
 Miles 
 
 lof 
 
 224 
 
 34? 
 
 544 
 
 Crew 
 
 Miles 
 
 ll| 
 
 24 
 
 434 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Miles 
 
 124 
 
 3 1 ! 
 
 Warringn 
 to Liverpool 
 orManchest. 
 
 Miles 
 
 194 
 
STATIONS. 
 
 London 
 
 Harrow 
 
 * 
 
 1st 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 3 0 
 
 s. d. 
 
 2 0 
 
 aL 6 
 
 2 6 
 
 6 0 
 
 .A 6 
 
 HARROW 
 WATFORD 
 BOXMOOR 
 BERKHAMPSTD. 
 
 TRING 
 LEIGHTON 
 DENBIGH.HALL 
 f Stony Stratford 
 
 Towcester .... 
 
 Weedon 
 
 •» 1 
 
 pq 
 
 s Dunchurch 
 RUGBY 
 COVENTRY 
 
 BIRMINGHAM ... 30 020 o 
 WOLVERHMPTN. 33 0 22 6 
 
 STAFFORD. 
 
 WHITMORE 
 
 CREW. 
 
 HARTFORD ... 
 WARRINGTON 
 
 TABLE OF FARES 
 
 FROM LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM AND LIVERPOOL, 
 
 AND FROM STATION TO STATION. 
 
 35 6 24 034 021 6|3 2 623 031 022 o"30 6 
 
 t 
 
 1st 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 2 6 
 
 _ 
 
 s. d 
 
 2 0 
 
 7 0 
 
 4 6 
 
 10 0 
 
 7 0 
 
 ^Coventry 
 
 Class 
 
 jBirmngm 
 
 LIVERPOOL or 1 
 MANCHESTER j 
 
 39 0 26 U37 o 
 
 41 6.28 o 
 
 43 -§ 
 
 46 6 
 
 51 o 
 
 29 6 
 
 31 6 
 
 34 o 
 
 39 6 
 
 41 6 
 
 44 6 
 
 25 6 35 625 034 0 24 o'33 623 632 6^23 o 3 ° 621 6|28 6,20 026 6 18 623 646 621 015 o 
 
 j 
 
 27 6|38 027 0^36 626 0^36 025 6|35 025 o 
 
 29-0 
 
 31 o 
 
 40 0 28 6 38 6 27 6 38 0 27 o 
 
 43 030 641 629 641 029 o 
 
 50 034 648 634 047 033 0 46 632 645 632 o 
 
 37 026 6 
 
 40 028 638 026 636 o 
 
 33 °|23 ofoi o21 6^29 oj2o o 
 
 35 624 6,33 6 23 0 
 
 42 029 6 
 
 25 0 
 
 40 o 28 0 
 
 31 621 6 
 
 34 023 6 
 
 26 018 023 6 16 6 
 
 19011 017 Qj 11 6 16 o 11 oji 3 6 
 21 612 6 19 643 018 642 
 
 28 61 9 6 26 o 18 o 
 
 31 021 6128 620 0 
 
 38 026 635 024 6 
 
 140 96130 90106 
 
 1st 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 4 6 
 
 s. d. 
 2 6 
 
 7 6 
 
 5 0 
 
 616 o 
 
 24 o 14 022 014 621 014 018 6 
 
 26 616 o 24 616 623 616 021 0 
 
 7 o 
 
 9 o 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 
 
 s. d. 
 3 o 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 
 6 o 
 
 9 o 
 
 10 611 6 
 
 1 2 0) 14 0 
 16 6 
 
 14 0 
 
 32 623 030 619 028 6.16 627 619 0 25 0 17 o 
 
 20 h' 
 
 4 6 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 3 0 
 
 6 . d. 
 
 2 °i 
 
 6 6 
 
 8 o 
 
 9 6 
 
 1 A 6 
 
 Wolvrhtn^ 
 
 Stafford I 
 
 Class jWhtmore 
 
 1st ! 2d 
 
 Class 
 
 6 o 
 
 s. d.\ lst i 2d 
 
 8 6 
 
 11 0 
 
 4 Qj 3 o 2 o 7 
 
 H s. d 
 
 5 5 6 3 6 2 6 
 
 1 , 
 
 7 o' 8 o 50 
 
 1 1 6 13 6 9 010 670 
 
 5 o 
 
 1 *7 R 
 
 7 6 
 
 10 1 A 10 /-Ui t ^ 
 
 St d 9 
 
 1 6 
 
 3 o 
 
 5 0 
 
 8 o 
 
 Crew 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 
 2 6 
 
 $. d. 
 1 6 
 
 5 0 36 
 
 90 6 6 6 6 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 2d 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 2 6 
 
 Warringn 
 to Liverpool 
 or Man chest. 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 
 
 ~ " 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 
 > 4 0 
 
 s. d. 
 
 3 0 
 
'«*: - " xa 
 
 ► ♦T ry f'f * ♦ ** 
 
 ERPOOL, 
 
 V ^ 1 
 
 
 l;i:::: :i 
 
 .^ford I 
 
 ‘ > . 
 
 j^ ss jWhtmore 
 
 £ 
 
 2d I 
 
 Class 
 
 2{ s. C?. 
 
 ~ 2 O 
 
 3 r 
 
 1st i 2d 
 
 |s. d. 
 
 3626 
 
 33- 
 
 36" 
 
 5 o 
 
 5 0 
 
 — 70 76 
 40 
 
 10 011 6 
 
 S* dm 
 
 1 6 
 
 3 0 
 
 5 o 
 
 8 o 
 
 Crew 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 
 
 2d 
 
 S. dm 
 
 2 6 
 
 s. d 
 
 1 6 
 
 5036 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Class 
 
 1st 2d 
 
 S. dm S. dm 
 
 2 6 2 0 
 
 Warringn 
 to Liverpool 
 orManch< 
 
 lest. 
 
 Class 
 
 1 st 
 
 9 0; 6 6 6 6, 5 o 
 
 s. d. 
 4 o 
 
 2d 
 
 s. d. 
 3 o 
 
 
 'Silo ■ I 
 
 tbi 3 
 
 . ?J-aX 
 
 -A 
 
 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Advantages of Railways 
 
 * ---to Ireland 
 
 Advertisements 
 Aylesbury e . 
 
 Beeston Castle 
 Berkhampstead .. 
 
 * ---- Station 
 
 Bilston .. 
 
 Birmingham, account of 
 Bankers 
 Baths 
 
 Coach Offices 
 Grammar School .. 
 Hackney Coaches .. 
 Hotels 
 
 ln ns. 
 
 Libraries .. ,, 
 
 Manufactories 
 
 Market 
 
 Nelson, Statue of .. 
 News-room .. 
 Omnibus Office 
 Post Office .. 
 
 Public Buildings - .. 
 -Offices 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 12 
 
 Riots 
 
 80 
 
 13 
 
 Theatre 
 
 88 
 
 181 
 
 Vauxhall 
 
 ib. 
 
 46 
 
 Booking Offices 
 
 24 
 
 129 
 
 Boxmoor Station 
 
 39 
 
 41 
 
 Bridgnorth 
 
 116 
 
 ib. 
 
 Badges. 
 
 4 
 
 112 
 
 Camden Town Station 
 
 28 
 
 '76 
 
 Carriages, description of 
 
 25 
 
 97 
 
 -— choice of .. 
 
 17 
 
 93 
 
 Cashiobury Park 
 
 36 
 
 98 
 
 Coach Road from Den- 
 
 
 87 
 
 bigh Hall to Rugby 
 
 
 97 
 
 Station .. 
 
 51 
 
 101 
 
 Congleton 
 
 128 
 
 ib. 
 
 Coventry 
 
 58 
 
 88 
 
 ■■ — Coaches 
 
 ib. 
 
 92 
 
 -Station 
 
 57 
 
 90 
 
 Crewe Station .. 
 
 127 
 
 89 
 
 Curves. 
 
 11 
 
 94 
 
 Darlaston .. ., 
 
 112 
 
 100 
 
 Daventry .. .. 
 
 53 
 
 94 
 
 J&jlamere Forest 
 
 129 
 
 86 
 
 Denbigh Hall Station .. 
 
 48 
 
 91 
 
 --- Coaches 
 
 49 
 
178 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Page 
 
 Departure from London 26 
 
 - Birmingham 107 
 
 Dinner Arrangements 102 
 Distances, table of 
 Dudley 
 Dunchurch 
 Edge ware 
 Embankments,. 
 
 Engines 
 Euston Station 
 Fares from one station to 
 another 
 
 -- from London to 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 - from Birmingham 
 
 to Liverpool or 
 Manchester 
 
 3 
 
 110 
 53 
 31 
 3 
 10 
 2 6 
 
 25 
 
 107 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 39 
 
 Fenny Stratford 
 Gates ,, •, » 
 
 Grand Junction Canal 
 
 -Railway 105 
 
 Handsworth .. 109 
 
 Harrow on the Hill .. 31 
 
 - Station .. 32 
 
 Hartford Station .. 130 
 Hemel Hempstead .. 40 
 
 Huskisson, Mr. .. 135 
 Inclinations .. .. 6 
 
 Kenilworth 
 King’s Langley 
 Langley Bury.. 
 Leighton Buzzard 
 
 Station 
 
 Page 
 
 73 
 
 38 
 
 ib. 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 153 
 
 179 
 
 170 
 
 ib. 
 
 Levels above the Sea .. 
 Liverpool, account of 
 Bankers .. .• 
 
 Baths 
 
 Cemeteries .. 
 
 Charitable Institutions 
 Churches and Chapels 164 
 Coach Offices .. 174 
 
 Docks .. ..161 
 
 Hackney Cars .. 178 
 
 Hotels .. ,.179 
 
 Libraries .. ..168 
 
 Markets .. .. 171 
 
 Newspapers .. .. 169 
 
 Places of Amusement 167 
 Post Office .. .. 171 
 
 . 163 
 , 175 
 . 177 
 15 
 
 Madeley .. ..126 
 
 Manchester, account of 136 
 Bankers .. ..150 
 
 Public Buildings 
 Rail-road 
 Steam Packets 
 Luggage 
 

 INDEX. 
 
 
 179 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Baths 
 
 146 
 
 Railroad opening 
 
 • • 
 
 S 
 
 Charitable Institutions 
 
 144 
 
 Rails 
 
 
 8 
 
 Churches and Chapels 
 
 142 
 
 Receipt Tickets 
 
 
 14 
 
 Cemetery 
 
 143 
 
 Regulations 
 
 
 19 
 
 Hackney Cars 
 
 150 
 
 Route commenced 
 
 
 27 
 
 Hotels 
 
 149 
 
 Rickmansworth 
 
 
 37 
 
 Libraries 
 
 143 
 
 Rugby 
 
 
 55 
 
 Market 
 
 146 
 
 -Station 
 
 
 5 4 
 
 Newspapers .. 
 
 144 
 
 Sandbach 
 
 
 128 
 
 Places of Amusement 
 
 145 
 
 Sandwell Park.. 
 
 
 109 
 
 Post Office .. 
 
 146 
 
 Seats, choice of 
 
 
 17 
 
 Public Buildings 
 
 142 
 
 Shakspeare's monument 
 
 67 
 
 Rail-road to Liverpool 
 
 151 
 
 Siddons, Mrs. .. 
 
 
 111 
 
 Trade 
 
 138 
 
 Sleepers 
 
 
 9 
 
 Middlewich 
 
 129 
 
 St. Albans 
 
 
 86 
 
 Nantwich 
 
 126 
 
 Stan more 
 
 
 83 
 
 Newcastle-under-Lyne 
 
 125 
 
 Stafford 
 
 
 118 
 
 Newport Pagneli 
 
 51 
 
 - Station 
 
 
 117 
 
 Northwich 
 
 130 
 
 Stations described 
 
 
 18 
 
 Notice to Reader 
 
 22 
 
 Stoney Stratford 
 
 
 51 
 
 Omnibuses, offices 
 
 24 
 
 Stratford on Avon 
 
 
 64 
 
 -Routes .. 
 
 if). 
 
 Sutton Colefield 
 
 
 109 
 
 Over 
 
 129 
 
 Towcester 
 
 
 52 
 
 Parcels, charge for 
 
 21 
 
 Tring .. 
 
 
 43 
 
 Police .. 
 
 13 
 
 - Station *. 
 
 
 42 
 
 Potteries 
 
 119 
 
 Two Waters 
 
 
 39 
 
 Rail-road to Liverpool 
 
 151 
 
 Tunnels 
 
 
 5 
 
 -- Manchester 
 
 105 
 
 Vauxhall station 
 
 
 108 
 
 
180 
 
 INDEX 
 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Viaduct, Dutton 
 
 131 
 
 Watford Station 
 
 34 
 
 -- Vale Royal 
 
 129 
 
 Wednesbury .. .. 
 
 111 
 
 ,- Warrington 
 
 132 
 
 Weedon .. 
 
 52 
 
 Waiters and 
 
 Chamber- 
 
 
 Westbromwich ,. 
 
 109 
 
 maids 
 
 • • • • 
 
 103 
 
 Whitmore station .. 
 
 125 
 
 Walsall.. 
 
 • • • • 
 
 110 
 
 Woburn Abbey 
 
 47 
 
 Warrington 
 
 • • • • 
 
 132 
 
 Wolverhampton 
 
 113 
 
 Warwick 
 
 • • • • 
 
 72 
 
 -station 
 
 ib. 
 
 Watford .. 
 
 • • • • 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 Printed by J. L. Cox and Sons, Great Queen Street, 
 Lincoln’s-Inn Fields. 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
 OK 
 
 &c. &e. 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR, 
 
 BY 
 
 A. H. B A I L Y and Co., 83, CORNIIILL 
 
 And may be had of all Booksellers; 
 
 and at the 
 
 Bibrairie des Elrangers, 55, Rue Neuve St.Augustin,Paris 
 
 ©©OTmusS'aF.&Hfl (OTEDUgo 
 
 r. 
 
 Just Published. 
 
 GUIDE through SWITZERLAND; 
 
 Containing full information respecting Routes, Money, 
 Hotels, Modes of Conveyance, Guides, Mules, Lug¬ 
 gage, Steam-packets. Hints to Pedestrians, &c. &c. ; 
 including also, an account of objects worthy the notice 
 of Tourists in the cities, towns, valleys, and mountains, 
 in that interesting country; illustrated with Plans and 
 Maps. Price Gs. boards. 
 
 A very compact and useful companion to the tourist who is about to visit 
 the romantic scenery of Switzerland at this migratory season 5 it is accom¬ 
 panied by the usual plans map descriptions—tables, &c.— Literary Ga¬ 
 zette, April, 15th, 1838. 
 
 his is a very useful and pretty volume, and conducts the traveller ovei 
 about 2320m, les. Every information respecting passports, &c. is given will 
 the greatest cleamess-and the plans of the different towns are defined will 
 accuracy. 1 he size of the volume is also in its favour, and we think no tra 
 
2 
 
 veller to the mountain-home of liberty should be without it.— Ace, April 
 15th, 1838. 
 
 This little book contains a variety of useful particulars of the interesting 
 country through which it is a guide, as well ns the preliminary information 
 so desirable to travellers, upon passports, luggage, exchange, &c. It is 
 illustrated with plans of the chief towns, and with n map of the routes through 
 Switzerland. The tourist who desires to be protected from the tricks prac¬ 
 tised upon travellers, will do well to expend six shillings on the purchase of 
 Mr. Coghlau’s Guide.— Weekly True Sun, Atril 22d, 1838. 
 
 As every Spring sends forth an abundance of wanderers to Geneva, Mont 
 Blanc,&c.—a volume so definite in its statements, and minute in its details, 
 will be most w elcome. The list of routes from Paris to Switzerland—the rate 
 of expenses,—the height of the mountains—and, in fact, all the statistical 
 information that can be required by the tourist, will be found in these pages. 
 —Sunday Times, April 22d, 1838. 
 
 As the season approaches in which so mauy of the English visit this roman¬ 
 tic and beautiful country, the present useful and portable volume appears 
 opportunely, and xvill be found fully to answer all the wants of either the 
 traveller, upon business or pleasure. As many cannot traverse the whole of 
 Switzerland, the author divides the work into five tours, eacli of which can 
 be taken separately, or the whole in conjunction. Every tiling necessary 
 for the traveller to know, from his first putting foot on the Continent, to his 
 return to the sea-shore, or to an English port, is heie put down with pre¬ 
 cision and clearness. He is made acquainted with the dues, regulations, 
 and forms at the Custom-house, and amongst the Douaniers—with the laws 
 and charge of posting—the distances, qualities of the roads—rates of travel¬ 
 ling, the accommodation at the hotels—the sums demanded of guests—the 
 objects worthy of attention at each place—and we see nothing omitted, but a 
 large map, which the author states is published separately; there are plans 
 of the principal places, and a map of Switzerland, on so small a scale as to be 
 of little use.— Dispatch, April 22d, 1838. 
 
 Those who may feel disposed to make the tour of Switzerland this summer, 
 cannot do better than make this little Guide the companion of their travels— 
 for it will furnish them hi abundance with all the practical information they 
 can possibly desire.— Sun, April 25th, 1838. 
 
 Coghlan’s Guide through Switzerland is certainly one of the 
 best, if not the very best, we have seen. Less bulky than the Rev. Mr. 
 Downes’“ Itinerary” (most in use), it is more replete with information, and 
 this communicated in a livelier style ; such, in short, as we would have in 
 a travelling companion. It is correct, moreover, so far as a hasty glance 
 over its notices of scenes, dear to our recollection, will allow us to decide. 
 Next time we go to any part of the Continent, Francis Coghlan shall go with 
 us.— News, April 29th. 
 
 A very useful post-chaise companion, containing all the needful informa¬ 
 tion for travellers, as to prices, conveniences, hotels, routes, &c., and ren¬ 
 dered still more valuable by sketches of the various cities and villages, with 
 occasional brief notes of historical recollections.— Atlas, April 29th. 
 
II. 
 
 IffEW GUIDE to BEX.OXUM, 
 
 With the Routes through Holland, including' a complete 
 Description of Brussels and every Principal Town, 
 their Productions, Mineral Springs, Curiosities, An¬ 
 tiquities, &c. Sic ., Best Modes ot Conveyance from 
 place to place, with a Map of Belgium and Plan of 
 Brussels. Price 6s. bound in cloth. 
 
 Ciavellers have to thank the author of this very desirable volume for seve 
 ral other useful works of the same nature ; and let no one slight a pocket 
 guide in travelling!—for as “ there is no greater trust between man and man 
 titan the trust of giving courts el,” so he who fulfils this duly to our advantage, 
 and not disagreeably withal—as is customary with advisers, merits no small 
 meed of praise. The value of a book of this sort must be obvious to conside¬ 
 ration ; we can testify how little doubt experience leaves upon the subject. 
 He who carries about his person that which renders him in a measure inde¬ 
 pendent of extraneous advice, has with him on the road to information what, 
 like a friend, will shorten the way; and what, unlike all other guides, will 
 cost his purse and patience nothing. Moreover, if there be a part of the 
 world to which these observations on the usefulness of a book of this sort 
 will apply more than another. It is Belginm. 
 
 V e need only say further, that we had not seen so good a Guide to Bel 
 giuin as Mr. Coghlan's compact and neatly-written book till we saw it. * A 
 great book is a great evil’ in all eases, but especially in one of this descrip¬ 
 tion ; and the author therefore shews his wit by brevity, which is the living 
 soul of it, and Guides of all sort.— News, July, 1837 , 
 
 III. 
 
 THE TOURIST’S 
 
 COMPANION through the NETHERLANDS, 
 up the BHXDfE, and SWITZERLAND ; 
 
 In which will be found every information necessary to 
 Travellers, with a List of Expenses throughout the 
 entire Tour; forming the most complete Guide ever 
 combined in one volume. From the recent personal 
 observation of the Author. Illustrated with Twenty 
 Maps. Price 10s. 6af. bound. 
 
4 
 
 IV. 
 
 GUIDE UP THE RHINE, 
 
 New edition, enlarged, 
 
 From London ly Rotterdam , the Hague, and Amster¬ 
 dam; Ostend, Brussels, and Cologne ; and Dover , Calais', 
 Brussels, and Antwerp . 
 
 Describing every place and object worthy of notice in 
 each Route ; containing also Steam-Packet and Dili¬ 
 gence Fares, Passports, Tables of Coins, Lists of Ex¬ 
 penses, &c. &c., and every description of pounds 
 shillings and pence information useful to Travellers 
 through Holland and Germany ; with seven Maps. 
 Price 5s. neatly bound in cloth. 
 
 This is a valuable book of reference and direction to all tourists to the 
 Rhine. It is on the same principle as the Guides to “Paris,” “London,” 
 “ The Coast,” &c. by the same author, and which have proved of infinite 
 utility to thousands of travellers.— Satirist, May 17th 1835. 
 
 This is one of the most complete little books for the traveller that we have 
 knowledge of. There is not a single particular omitted upon which informa¬ 
 tion is requisite ; fares, passports, currency, are all clearly stated, Riid there 
 arc, besides, lists of all the necessary expenses, charges at hotels,&c., so that 
 a tourist may calculate the precise sum his ramble will cost him before he sets 
 out. The brief description of places are interesting and satisfactory. The 
 book is, furthermore, illustrated with a variety of maps and plans, including a 
 map of routes to all the principal towns in Europe.— Bell’s New Messen¬ 
 ger, May 17th 1835. 
 
 This is a very useful and comprehensive little work, a pleasing companion, 
 and a faithful guide. Whoever may contemplate a trip to the Rhine, should 
 take this compact little volume with him, or he will deserve to suffer all the 
 impositions, annoyances, and petty miseries to which from time imme¬ 
 morial the inexperienced traveller has been subjected. The writer himself 
 appears to be so conscious of the value of his work, that he seems to anticipate 
 our judgment, and boldly to demand, rather than humbly to solicit, a verdict 
 in his favour; for, on glancing our eye at the last page, we observe that the 
 list of inevitable expenditure from London to Mayence, is surmounted with 
 “ Coghlan’s Guide, Four shillings.” Be it so ; for we are as little disposed 
 to question the justice of his pretensions, as we should be to applaud the wis- 
 dom-or prudence of the tourist who left England without a copy in his waist 
 coat pocket.— True Sun, June. 
 
 This little and most useful pocket companion we have perused with the 
 greatest pleasure. It contains a fund of information, especially desirable for 
 travellers who journey, whether on pleasure or business, up the Rhine. The 
 best guarantee for the accuracy of the book is the high reputation of the 
 author in such matters; and his “Guide to Paris,” his “London,” “The 
 Coast,” &e., have fully satisfied the public on his ability to use the best sources 
 
5 
 
 of information, without the common fault of travellers fond of meretricious 
 embellishment and exaggeration. The conciseness with which this work is 
 compiled must renderit convenient forready reference ; and we cannot bestow 
 upon it higher praise, than stating, that no person who desires to he practically 
 acquainted with the Continent should be without it.— Northcroft's Par¬ 
 liamentary Chronicle. 
 
 This Guide can he described in the shortest way, by taking its character 
 from the lengthened title-page. The Map by which the volume is illustrated, 
 presenting routes to the principal towns of Europe, adds much to the value of 
 this Guide. Altogether, it is worthy of Mr. Coghlan, whose works of a simi¬ 
 lar class are well known and approved of.— London Review, April. 
 
 It appears that Mr. Coghlan has been the prolific author of Guides, and that 
 all his offspring are in a healthy and thriving condition. Of the one before 
 us we can testify, as it contains much necessary information ; condensed in a 
 very small compass. He takes the traveller by two routes, either through 
 Rotterdam, the Hague, Amsterdam, Ostend, Brussels, and Cologne ; or by 
 Dovor, Calais, Brussels, and Antwerp; describing every object worthy of 
 note in each route. In addition to this there is ample information on the 
 vexatious subject of Steam Packets and Diligence fares, and passports, with 
 lists of all probable expenses, and the usual charges for refreshments at 
 Hotels; so that the traveller cannot very well be cheated, except it is by his * 
 own vanity. We don’t know whether the pounds shillings and pence informa¬ 
 tion be not the very best part of the book ; Sights, Antiquities, and the other 
 avowed purposes of travellers will be found naturally enough, and give much 
 pleasure in the pursuit; but wc want at our elbow a friend like Mr. Coghlan, 
 or Mr. Coghlan’s book, to prevent us being overreached by a rascally Post¬ 
 master, or overcharged by an Hotel-keeper, with the conscience of a horse¬ 
 leech, the rapacity of a wolf, and the impudence of a jackdaw.— Metropoli¬ 
 tan Magazine, April 1st, 1836. 
 
 V. 
 
 GUIDE to HAMBURGH, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A full and interesting Account of the origin and pre¬ 
 sent state of this City and its Environs; Government, 
 Institutions, Laws, Commerce, Account of Steam- 
 packets, Hotels, Expenses, &c. and Plan of Hamburgh. 
 Price 3s. 6d. 
 
 VI. 
 
 BRUSSELS GUIDE, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A lull Description of Brussels and its Environs, with 
 a Plan of that City. Price 2s. 6d. 
 
 a 3 
 
f) 
 
 VII. 
 
 GUIDE to PARIS, 
 
 By Dover and Calais; Brighton and Diepjre; Southamp¬ 
 ton and Havre ; 
 
 With a Descriptive Account of every object worthy of 
 notice in that gay City and its Environs. Illustrated 
 with a Plan of Paris, and Map of Routes from London 
 to Paris. Sixth edition, price 4s. 
 
 The magic words “ sixtli edition ” are enough for comment. The present 
 is “ improved and enlarged.”— Literary Gazette. 
 
 The circumstance of this Guide having reached its sixth edition, furnishes 
 in itself the best testimony of the utility of the work, and its perfect efficiency 
 for all the purposes it professes to answer. By whatever route it conducts us 
 ■—whether by Dover and Calais, Brighton and Dieppe, Southampton and 
 Havre—Margate and Ostcnd—it alike supplies us with every species of infor¬ 
 mation that can be necessary to our profit and pleasure, and alike aims and 
 succeeds in saving the time and money of the passenger. But it is not less 
 essential after arrival in the charmed city, than on tire road to it; and the 
 English visiter fails not to find out its value at every step he takes.— True 
 Sun. 
 
 This popular and useful vade mccum has reached, as it deserves, a sixth 
 edition; an indisputable evidence of its merit. Every circumstance that could 
 be of use to the traveller, is briefly but sufficiently detailed, from the procuring 
 of the passport in England, to the completed inspection of the curiosities of 
 Paris.— Kent Herald, Junk 2Gth, 1834. 
 
 Here we have a compact, complete, and portable companion to the capital 
 of la Grande Nation. All particulars worthy of notice, and every information 
 required by the tourist is minutely given; from the readiest mode of obtaining 
 passports, through all the succeeding important considerations of luggage, 
 fares, routes, hotels, diligences, &c. sights worthy of inspection, buildings, 
 places of resort, mode of exchanging monies, &e. &c., all is satisfactory and 
 amply explicit. No continental traveller should be without this cheap and 
 excellent little work, and we strongly recommend every one not to set his 
 foot on boaril a steamer to cross the Channel, before he has put himself in 
 possession of this most faithful of guide*.— Kentish Gazette, June Oth, 
 1S34. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 GUIDE through FRANCE, 
 
 Comprizing the Modes of Travelling, Post and Cross 
 Roads, Laws relating to Posting, a Description of 
 Cities, Towns, and Villages, Antiquities, Monuments, 
 and Curiosities. Illustrated by a Map of France. Price 
 Os. Od. bound. 
 
7 
 
 IX. 
 
 GUIDE to CALAIS, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 An Account of the Antiquities, Monuments, Public 
 and other Edifices, Municipal Laws, &c. of the ancient 
 and celebrated Town of Calais, its Suburbs and Vici- 
 nity; with various useful Information for all Persons 
 of all classes, whether visiting Calais oidy, or passing, 
 to other parts of the Continent. Embellished with a 
 Plan of the Town and Basse-ville. Price 2.?. 6d. 
 
 X. 
 
 GUIDE to rK.ja.WCE, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A full Description of five Routes to Paris ; Steam- 
 packet and Diligence fares, Prices at Hotels, and 
 description of Calais, Boulogne, Dieppe, Havre, and 
 Scenery from Havre to Rouen. Illustrated with a Map 
 of the Routes from London to Paris, and Panorama of 
 the Seine from Havre to Rouen. Price Is. 6d. Eighth 
 edition. 
 
 XI. 
 
 GUIDE to ST. PETEKSBUKG &. MOSCOW, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 Every form and expense from London to the Capital 
 of Russia by Hamburg, Lubeck, Travemunde, across 
 the Baltic to St. Petersburg, from an actual visit in 
 the Autumn of 1835 by Mr. Coghlan ; to which is pre¬ 
 fixed a description of Hamburgh. Illustrated with 
 
 a 4 
 
8 
 
 Maps of St. Petersburg, Moscow, ami Hamburg, ami 
 a Plan of the proposed Pail-road between Hamburg 
 and Lubeck. Price 8.«. bound. 
 
 Mr. Cocbun is determined that whilst there is a new route to be found 
 the public shall not want a Complete Guide to it. The path he has taken on 
 the present occasion is really a new one. Paris, Brussels, the Rhine, &c. have 
 by him and many others been made familiar to us as Wales or Scotland are ; 
 but here we have a much more interesting, as well as untrodden, field laid 
 open, to which such rapid and easy access is now obtained, that the most timid 
 and the most fragile will think nothing of it after becoming possessed of the 
 “ Gtnns ” before us. The plans which illustrate this entertaining and use¬ 
 ful little volume add greatly to its value. It requires only to be seen to be 
 properly appreciated.— London Review. 
 
 Of the correctness of the information in this volume we do not pretend to 
 speak; but it is clear, specific, and drawn up in a business-like manner. Mr. 
 C'oghlan by this time is so accustomed to Guide making, that the task scarcely 
 costs him an intellectual effort.— Spectator, Junk 4tli, 1836. 
 
 Not having travelled to the Russian capital, we cannot check Mr. Coghlan, 
 and will therefore only say that his is a neat book, and, we presume, possesses 
 his usual accuracy.— Literary Gazette, June 4th, 1836. 
 
 A good and instructive little work.— Metropolitan Magazine, July. 
 
 The general adoption of Steam Packets between 
 England and the Continent, has rendered a voyage to 
 the most distant parts of Europe so trilling an affair, that 
 Travellers are surprised at the rapid and pleasant tran¬ 
 sition which takes place from one part of the world 
 to another. The time occupied by Mr. Coghlan be¬ 
 tween London and St. Petersburgh, (1,500 miles), was 
 Seven Days !—viz. 48 hours from London to Ham¬ 
 burg; 12 from Hamburg to Lubeck; 90 from Lubeck 
 
 to St. Petersburgh. This is the average time, to which 
 
 /1 »* 
 
 may be added 12 hours at Hamburg and 12 hours at 
 Lubeck. 
 
9 
 
 XII. 
 
 GUIDE to and its 
 
 env iRonrs, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A brief Historical Notice of Boulogne, its Institutions, 
 Curiosities, &c, with every information necessary to Tra¬ 
 vellers and Visitors, with a Plan of the Town. Price 
 2s. 6d. bound in cloth, or 2s. sewed. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 WEW CONVERSATIONS, 
 
 Elementary Phrases, and Easy Dialogues, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 FRENCH, ENGLISH, AND GERMAN ANGUAGES, 
 On the most Familiar Subjects. 
 
 Equally adapted to Schools and Travellers in France 
 and Germany. Price 3s. bd in cloth, 18mo. 
 
 Opinions of the Press. 
 
 “A serviceable little elementary work—-the dialogues are all very properly 
 upon the most familiar, every-day topics.’'—S on, Feb. 6th 1837. 
 
 “ A collection of vocabularies, exercises on verbs, with the pronouns and 
 objectives appended, and a general phrase-book. The subjects seem well 
 chosen, and will be found a very useful pocket interpreter to travellers on the 
 Continent.’’— Constitutional, Feb. 1837- 
 
 “ The author of this work has happily hit upon a method equally serviceable 
 to tlie Frenchman, the German, and the Englishman, who may wish to make 
 himself master of all those phrases which are requisite to be at the finger-ends 
 at tlie table-d’hote—a» the market—in the diligence—or in the drawing-room. 
 It is by dialogues such as these, composed of short colloquial sentences, which 
 do not over-burden the memory, that a foreign language is most readily ac¬ 
 quired ; a»d all that is here put down to learn is of that daily recurring inte¬ 
 rest and importance, that a traveller will he glad to learn them for Ins own 
 convenience.”— Bath Herald, FeJj,25, r }837. 
 
 “This small volume will not only prove servi'ceahle'as a travelling com¬ 
 panion, hut will afford great facility to the student for improving himself in 
 more than one language at a time.”— Monthly Review, April lsrl837. 
 
 “ A valuable companion to the student of tlie French and German lan¬ 
 guages, or to the eopntineutal traveller. The elementary phrases and dialogues 
 relating to the every-day necessaries and business of life are here set down in 
 elegant and approved language. To schools, the conversations will he an 
 useful acquisition—to the traveller, a portable and Invaluable interpreter, and 
 as such are worthy our strongest recommendation.”— Kentish Gazette, 
 Feb. 21, 1837. 
 
 A 5 
 
10 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Tlie STEAM-PACKET and COAST 
 COMP ANION, 
 
 Or General Guide to the Coast from Herne Bay to 
 Southampton. Illustrated with a panoramic View of 
 the Thames from London Bridge to Ramsgate, and 
 Maps of tiie Tsles of Wight, Thanet, &c. neatly bound in 
 doth Price 3s. 6d. The above may be had in four se¬ 
 parate Parts, at Is. each. 
 
 A capital little book for the present season, am! just fit for the present mo¬ 
 ment. With maps, &c. it contains brief accounts of the watering places within 
 a hundred miles of London; and with it in his pocket, a citizen may be much 
 better off than our first parents, for he may readily know where to choose his 
 place of rest.— Literary Gazette. 
 
 Mr. Coghlan might have called his little work the tourist's friend, for we 
 feel convinced that the pleasure-seeker, in these bright days of sumracr-timc, 
 cannot possess a more valuable or better-informed companion. Every place 
 of public resort and attraction is fully described.aud a succinct history of each 
 town is given. The book is also illustrated with very neatly engraved maps. 
 No one hereafter, wc imagine, will go to cithcrof the places mentioned in thi s 
 volume, without having Mr. Coghlan’s Guide-book in bis pocket.—B sll's 
 New Messenger. 
 
 (See last Page .) 
 
 XV. 
 
 First Part COAST COMPANION, 
 
 Contains a Description of Gravesend, Herne Bay, and 
 Canterbury and both Banks of tbe River, to Southend 
 on tbe left, and the Ileculvers on the right; with three 
 Maps. I>. 
 
n 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Second Part COAST COMPAWIOKT, 
 
 To Margate, Ramsgate, Deal, Dover, Foil <estone r 
 and Iiythe ; containing a Description of every object 
 worthy of notice at each place; List of Coaches, 
 Steam-packets, Inns, &c. Embellished with Maps of 
 the Isle of Thanet and the Coast from Sandwich to 
 Hythe. Is. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Third Part COAST COMPANION, 
 
 Contains a Description of Rye, Winchelsea, Hastings, 
 St. Leonards, East-Bourne, Brighton, Worthing, and 
 Bognor; with Map of the Coast from Rye to Bognor. 
 Price Is. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 Fourth Part COAST COMPANION, 
 
 Contains a Description of Southampton and the Isle of 
 Wight. Illustrated with a Map of the Island. Price 1.9. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 DOVOR GUIDE, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 A concise sketch of the Ancient and Modern History 
 of the Town and Castle, and such other general infor¬ 
 mation as may be useful to Visitors, and a brief Descrip¬ 
 tion of the neighbouring Villages. Price 2s. 6d. 
 
12 
 
 3Li©S?fID©E5r ©WESDSF.gL 
 
 XX. 
 
 POCKET PICTURE OP LONDON and its 
 E'JSi VSHOWS, alphabetically arranged, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 Every Information necessary in the Metropolis; Hack¬ 
 ney Coach and Watermen's Fares, List of all Steam- 
 Packets which leave London for all parts of the Conti¬ 
 nent, England, Ireland and Scotland; and twelve va¬ 
 luable Hints to Strangers. With a beautiful engraving 
 of Westminster Abbey, add a Map of London. Price 
 neatly bound in cloth, 2s. 6d. 
 
 A little hook of which strangers would do well to possess themselves, and 
 which may be consulted with advantage even by residents.— Atlas, Jan. 
 17th,1835. 
 
 One of the most perfect and useful pocket guides to the stranger of “ the 
 great city” extant. The writer is well known to the public as the author of 
 the “Coast Companion,” and “Guides to Paris, &e.” and, with the tact dis¬ 
 played in bis previous works, has minutely described the arcana of the metro¬ 
 polis. The public buildings, the government offices, hackney coach fares, 
 mail coaches, hints to strangers, exhibitions and sights, in short, all that is 
 worthy tiie attention of the curious, and all that comprises the splendour of 
 London; and renders it the great mart of Europe, is here concisely, interest¬ 
 ingly, and correctly laid down. An elegant map accompanies the hook. We 
 strongly rCcbmmcnd the “Pocket Picture” to every visitor, with a conviction 
 that he will find it a source of more extensive information than many of the 
 large and costly publications on the same subject. — Kentish Gazette, 
 January 1835. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 The STEAW&ER’S GUIDE in LONDON, 
 
 To every object worthy attention, including all places of 
 Public Amusement, and a variety of Useful Informa¬ 
 tion. Embellished with a Plan of London. Price Is. Gt/. 
 
XXII. 
 
 GUIDE DE LONDHES, 
 
 Et dans ses Environs, precede d’un ltincraire, deserip- 
 tif.et topographique, des Routes de Paris et Londres, 
 avee tous les Renseigneinens utiles aux Voyageurs ; 
 accoinpagne de deux cartes. Prix 7s. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 TABLEAU PORTATIF DE LONDRES, 
 
 Prix 3s. 6d. 
 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 An Abridgment of the 
 
 HISTORY of ENG-BAND, 
 
 Up to the present time, witli Copper-plate Engravings. 
 In two pocket volumes. Price 4<s. half-bound. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Fourth Edition, royal 8vo., price 8s. 
 
 A CONCISE DIGEST OF 
 
 The LAW, USAGE, and CUSTOM, 
 
 Affecting the Commercial anff Civil Intercourse of the Subjects ot 
 
 Great Britain and Franco. 
 
14 - 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 pronouncing French graivxivxar ? 
 
 Or the Art of acquiring the French Language with the 
 most perfect Accent and Pronunciation, without the 
 assistance of a Master; with numerous Dialogues, 
 Familiar Phrases, &c. &c. Third edition. Price Is. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 GERIVEAN INTERPRETER; 
 
 Or Short Key to the German Language, with an easy 
 Introduction to the Grammar. Price Is. A very useful 
 book to Travellers unacquainted with the German 
 Language, going up the Rhine. 
 
 To beginners in the study of the German language, this very small publica¬ 
 tion offers a plain and simple help, while to those who visit Germany, and are 
 previously totally unacquainted with the language of the country, it will be a 
 still more valuable assistant, on account of its short, comprehensive, and easy 
 character. The “ Interpreter" contains a great variety of idiomatic and fami¬ 
 liar matter, with which the traveller requires to be acquainted ; and the notes 
 nterspersed, give and receive from such illustrations, a good deal of gram¬ 
 matical information, that will be most readily appreciated.— London Re¬ 
 view. —April. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 CUSTOIVZ-HOUSE GUIDE, 
 
 Containing a List of Duties on all Articles usually im¬ 
 ported by Passengers into England and France; with 
 Revenue Regulations, Articles prohibited, &c., and a 
 variety of other information valuable to Travellers to 
 and from the Continent. Compiled from Official Docu¬ 
 ments. Price Is. 
 
15 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 TEW MINUTES' GOOD ADVICE FOR A 
 SEA VOYAGE ; 
 
 Or a Pocket Oracle for Passengers on Ship-board ; 
 whether in pursuit of health, pleasure, business, or 
 emigrating with a view to settling in a foreign land. 
 Price Is. 
 
 COGHLAN’S 
 
 XXX. 
 
 POST MAP OF EUROPE, 
 
 Including Germany, part of France, Russia, Poland, 
 Denmark, Belgium, and the Italian States, distinctly 
 marked with the distances in German miles and French 
 leagues. Mounted on canvas, in case, price 5s. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 MAPS of ROUTES 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PRINCIPAL CITIES & TOWNS in EUROPE, 
 Distances marked. Price Is. (id. 
 
16 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 XVIAPS of FRANCE, 
 
 With the distances marked in leagues from one town 
 to another: mounted on canvas in case. Price 4s. 6d. 
 and 6s. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 MAPS of LONDON, 
 
 In case, coloured, price Is. 6</., 3s. 6d. and 6s. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 PATsTOSWYIVIiY of the EHINE, 
 
 From Cologne to Mayence, drawn from Nature, and 
 engraved on Steel in most superior style, 7 feet 6 inches 
 in length and 9 inches in breadth. Fitted up in a neat 
 Case, price Ss. plain, or 16s. beautifully coloured. To 
 which is added, The Steam-Boat Companion. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING 
 
 RAILWAY COMPANIONS 
 
 Are in progress, and will he published as soon as the 
 various Railroads are sufficiently advanced : — 
 
 GREAT WESTERN, 
 SOUTHAMPTON, 
 BRIGHTON, 
 CROYDON, 
 
 LONDON GRAND JUNCTION, 
 GREAT NORTH of ENGLAND, 
 CHELTENHAM, OXFORD, and 
 THING. 
 
Guide through Switzerland 
 The Tourist’s Companion through the Netherlands, up the 
 
 Rhine, and Switzerland ........ 
 
 Guide up the Rhine • ..-. 
 
 Guide to Hamburgh .. 
 
 Brussels Guide... 
 
 Guide through France ... 
 
 Guide to Pat is...». 
 
 Gu ide to France .*.-... 
 
 Guide to Calais....... 
 
 New Guide to Belgium....»... 
 
 Guide to St. Petersburg!! and Moscow. 
 
 Guide to Boulogne-sur-Mer, and its Environs .. 
 
 Elementary Phrases and Easy Dialogues in the French, English, 
 
 and German Languages.. 
 
 The Steam Packet and Coast Companion ... 
 
 Ditto in Parts, viz. 
 
 Companion to Gravesend, Herne Bay, and Canterbury .... 
 
 Companion to Margate, Ramsgate, Dover, &c. 
 
 Companion to Hastings, Brighton, Worthing, &c. 
 
 Companion to Southampton and the Isle of Wight . 
 
 Dover Guide • • • .. . 
 
 Pocket Picture of London and its Environs. 
 
 The Stranger’s Guide in London... 
 
 Guide a Londres .... 
 
 Tableau Portatif de Londres .. 
 
 History of England (abridged) .. .... . 
 
 Digest of the Law, Usage, and Custom of Intercourse between 
 
 France and England . 
 
 French, English, and German Conversations . 
 
 Pronouncing French Grammar... 
 
 German Interpreter ..... 
 
 Custom House Guide ....... 
 
 Ten Minutes’ Good Advice for a Sea Voyage . 
 
 Post Map of Europe..... 
 
 Map of Routes to the Principal Cities and Towns of Europe .. 
 
 Maps of France ... 
 
 Maps of London... 
 
 Panorama of the Rhine. 
 
 Notice to Persons visiting the Coast. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 ■ 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 & 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 1G 
 
 1G 
 
 16 
 
 1« 
 
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO PERSONS VISITING THE COAST. 
 
 18 
 
 O O . o 
 
 fc .5 
 r §^ 
 
 _J CO 
 
 2^ 
 
 * o> 
 
 o 
 
 o £ 
 
 ^« • 
 - !b CO 
 
 S«- 
 
 •s. e 
 § ^ 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 cu 
 
 E O) 
 
 ”3 
 
 <j .— 
 
 U 3 
 o' 3 
 
 «s 
 
 m 
 
 c <u 
 3 > 
 3 ’Tl 
 a) 2 
 
 33 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 cu a> 
 
 3 sj 
 
 ’= '3 
 O O 
 
 M 
 
 3 « 
 
 <D 
 
 t-i 
 
 3 
 
 0> 
 
 £EEu 
 
 u 
 
 o> 
 
 J . 
 
 £ c ~ 
 
 o 3 
 
 ^ e* 
 
 P £ 
 aJ +3 
 
 ti </) 
 
 £5 *3 
 
 c3 g 
 
 C-i 
 
 O 
 . c 
 
 3 t>D 
 o O 
 
 S pq 
 
 .IP'S 
 
 s- C 
 
 pq os 
 
 oT t® 
 be. 3 
 
 he 
 
 «*- 
 
 O 
 
 3 -s 
 
 t#) 
 
 ~ o 
 
 s s 
 
 O 3 
 
 ~ 3 
 £ P8 
 
 ^3 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 (2 
 
 <w 
 S 
 o 
 
 3 ff 
 
 3 3 
 
 3 o 
 
 § * 
 C/2 
 
 <0 
 
 ^ OCOCOCO OCOCOCCOCO 
 
 Co ;>} —< OJ (N 00 
 
 ^ © O © © OCOOOO 
 
 Co 
 
 ^ <** 
 • <«* Co 
 
 3 95 
 
 §■§ 
 r^j eg 
 
 e 
 
 3 
 
 c5 
 s 
 
 c 
 
 .2 
 *s 
 
 3 
 
 a. 
 
 3 15 
 
 o.-2 
 CJ 3 
 
 lo 
 
 §•2 
 
 pq g 
 
 cn 
 
 3 a 
 £ > 
 <U g 
 ■4-J r K 
 
 CO O 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 s_ 
 
 pq 
 
 33 
 C 
 3 
 
 oT 
 o o 3 
 
 ££ SP 
 
 QQ I 
 68 
 
 P = 
 
 « & 
 
 F ^ 
 
 3 i 
 
 K 0 
 
 be 
 
 3 
 
 Cm 
 
 o 
 
 g C/5 
 
 3 As 
 
 be 3 
 
 C-i .-> 
 
 3 <Z5 
 *3 
 
 33 3 *2 
 3 O *5. 
 3 +£ .£P 
 
 3 * t^w 
 
 CO 3 3 s 
 
 be o “ ^ 
 
 t_C-u3ci-i 
 
 a> •— ,3 x: o 
 
 > “.£Po 15 
 
 O 3 *S 3 35 
 
 QS«wh 
 
 CO 
 
 02 
 
 5 
 
 J. L. Cox & Sons, Printers, Great Queen Street. 
 
 A Saving of Nineteen Shillings !!! 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 3 0112 066457729