1
 
 THE EXPOSITION IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE, 
 
 INC; VISITORS TO MORE READILY SKK 
 AND APPRECIATE THE 
 
 GREAT INTER-STATE 
 
 EXPOSITION 
 
 OF CHICAGO, 
 
 COMPRISING, 
 
 I. A Critical Article upon the Pictures and other 
 
 Works of Art in the Art Gallery. 
 
 II. The Officers of the Exposition, -with a Hisu.i > 
 of the enterprise from its inception. 
 
 III. Particular mention of the more interesting 
 
 objects on Exhibition. 
 
 IV. A Sketch of Chicago since the Fire being i 
 
 word-picture of the Rebuilt Ci>y. 
 
 V. And other objects of interest to visitors. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 C H 1U *KBLV l'<

 
 PREFATORY. 
 
 book shall be a history of the Exposition from its 
 ** inception. It shall tell of the enterprise in all its 
 stages of progression. It shall tell of the men who under- 
 took, and carried to rapid completion, such an imposing 
 exponent of the indefatigability of the business people of 
 Chicago. It shall tell how a city of ashes became a city of 
 commercial palaces in a short year and a half. It shall 
 tell the stranger about the principal business interests of 
 Chicago. It shall tell of the marvelous rise of the Expo- 
 sition building ; how the sun came up one morning in the 
 middle of June, to find a half dozen weird-looking pile- 
 drivers rearing their ponderous heads on the barrenness of 
 Lake Front Park ; how the middle of August saw the unmis- 
 takable outline of a gigantic palace of industry, such as had 
 never before been seen in this country ; and how the middle 
 of September saw the work completed. 
 
 This book will go through the Exposition hand in hand 
 with the visitor and point out and explain. It will dis- 
 course familiarly upon the machinery and manufactur 
 will talk to the farmer of seeds and agriculture of the imple-
 
 iv Prefatory. 
 
 i 
 
 meats which the ingenuity ef man has invented for the lever- 
 age of human labor ; it will show the housekeeper the latest 
 patterns of utensils and furniture ; it will consult with the 
 merchant and suggest ; it will explain to all sorts of people 
 all sorts of things, and when it gets to the Art Gallery, it 
 will take its friends, one and all, by the hand, and with an 
 artist's instinct and a critic's eye, point out and name the 
 pictures and discourse upon their excellencies and their defects, 
 the minuteness of shades and the delicacy of colorings in 
 fact this work shall be a text-book upon that particular 
 subject. 
 
 All in all, it shall be a sprightly hand-book, indispensable 
 to any visitor who wishes to see and properly appreciate 
 the whole of the Exposition.
 
 HISTORY OF THE ENTERPRISE. 
 
 THE need of an exposition has long been apparent to the 
 people of Chicago. The growth of the city was won- 
 derful beyond precedent, and it seems as if, in the rush of rapid 
 accumulation, some of the important details of a metropolis 
 were neglected; but now that we have risen to the undisputed 
 point of being the great city of the West the little twin- 
 sister of the national metropolis in fact that our stability is 
 unquestioned, that we have been weighed in a balance of fire 
 and not found wanting, the importance of having some distinct 
 and emphatic exponent of our wealth and commerce becomes 
 an absolute necessity, and the great "Inter-State Industrial 
 Exposition of Chicago" is the result. 
 
 Of course we had fairs county fairs and state fairs all 
 along, and there had been some mooting of an exposition, but 
 the matter took no definite shape until a few years ago. Then 
 there was a great deal of talk and an attempt, but it proved 
 abortive, because it was nothing more nor less than a project 
 of real estate speculators who desired to get up an exposition 
 and sell it their lands. Insincere in its inception this move- 
 ment was a failure from the beginning, and if the fire was not 
 our greatest blessing, as some rash people assert, it was at least a 
 blessing in that one respect, for the "real estate speculators' 
 exposition" was never heard of after. The men who engi- 
 neered it are not in the new movement. The present enter- 
 prise is earnest and honest in its endeavor, there are no specu- 
 lators in it, no member of the board of directors sells any ground 
 or has any contract. The working members draw no pay, but 
 devote their time and services to the great public good which 
 is expected to come of the Exposition. In a word, the present
 
 6 Chicago and hor Exposition. 
 
 enterprise is worthy of all confidence, and, of its very nature, is 
 ;in inevitable success. 
 
 If it were not for the very great amount of interest and 
 encouragement manifested by all classes of citizens, ve might be 
 justified in saying that this enterprise grew out of the efforts 
 of the "Woolen Manufacturers' Association" to establish a 
 permanent annual exposition of textile fabrics in the west, and 
 at the head of which movement was Mr. GEO. S. BOWEN of 
 Chicago. But as the great Inter-State Exposition is the child 
 of the pluck and energy of Chicago, we can only say that the 
 exposition of textile fabrics was a forerunner. 
 
 A meeting of business men was summoned under the follow- 
 ing call, issued at the suggestion of Mr. GEO. S. BOWEN: 
 
 WOOLEN MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 CHICAGO, Feb. 21, 1873. 
 
 There will be a meeting of the manufacturers of Chicago, 
 at the Gardner House, on Monday evening, Feb. 24, to con- 
 sider the matter of holding an exposition in our city this year, 
 in connection with the exposition of the Woolen Manufac- 
 turers' Association. 
 
 Manufacturers receiving this circular will please reply at 
 once, and forward any suggestions they may have in reference 
 to the importance of holding an exposition this year, which 
 will embrace all classes of industry. 
 
 The meeting will consider the expediency of changing the 
 name of the association so that it may embrace manufacturers 
 of not alone textile fabrics in the West and South, but of all 
 classes of the manufacturing interests. 
 
 The question of having Western and Southern textile produc- 
 tions represented in the forthcoming Centennial at Philadelphia; 
 also, whether it is practicable or desirable for manufacturers to 
 send samples to the Vienna Exposition. 
 
 By order of the committee. 
 
 JAMES NOWLAN. 
 
 This meeting was held at the Gardner House on the 24th 
 of February, 1873, b ut > owing to tne inclement weather and 
 thin attendance, was adjourned to meet on the next evening
 
 History of the Enterprise. J 
 
 at the Sherman House. There were present at this, the second 
 meeting, Messrs. R. T. Crane, Geo. S. Bowen, Enos Brown, 
 David Bradley, F. G. Welch, James Nowlan, and others. 
 The result of this meeting was a call for a mass-meeting of 
 manufacturers on the following evening at Rice & Jackson's 
 Hall. Thus we see the prime movers in this affair were men 
 determined upon their purpose, and they kept striking vigor- 
 ously while the iron was hot. 
 
 At the Rice & Jackson's Hall meeting there was a large 
 attendance of the leading business men of the city, and the 
 interest in the project amounted to enthusiasm. 
 
 A committee, consisting of the following named gentlemen, 
 was appointed to consult with the Woolen Manufacturers' Asso- 
 ciation : O. W. POTTER, H. W. KING, J. MCGREGOR ADAMS, 
 E. W. BLATCHFORD, N. S. BOUTON, GEO. W. GAGE, W. S. 
 COOLBACGH, M. D. WELLS, C. H. McCoRMiCK, H. H. TAYLOR, 
 DAVID BRADLEY and R. T. CRANE. 
 
 The fact that we were to have an exposition was now fixed. 
 The next meeting was held on the ist of March, at the Sherman 
 House, when H. H. TAYLOR offered a resolution, that an exposi- 
 tion be held during the following fall, in a building to be 
 erected on Lake Park, and that the capital stock be fixed at 
 $150,000. This was adopted at once. 
 
 The capital stock was afterwards increased by resolution to 
 $250,000. 
 
 The next meeting was held in the Chamber of Commerce, 
 eight days afterwards, and a committee on stock and subscrip- 
 tions appointed, consisting of A. C. HESING, W. K. NIXON, 
 J. D. HARVEY, JACOB ROSENBERG, E. A. BISHOP, J. W. 
 WHITTLE and PETER SCHUTTLER. 
 
 A resolution was adopted declaring the Exposition National 
 in its character and christening it "The Inter-State Industrial 
 Exposition of Chicago." Articles of Incorporation were se- 
 cured and on the 2Qth of March the committee reported all the 
 stock taken. 
 
 A permanent organization was then effected on the loth of 
 April, when, at a meeting of the stockholders, in the Council
 
 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 Chamber, the following named Board of Directors was ap- 
 pointed : 
 
 POTTER PALMER, MARSHALL FIELD, 
 
 JOSEPH MEDILL, C. B. FARWELL, 
 
 N. K. FAIRBANK, H. H. TAYLOR, 
 
 EDWIN LEE BROWN, DAVID A. GAGE, 
 
 N. S. BOUTON, J. IRVING PEARCE, 
 
 R. T. CRANE, T. W. HARVEY, 
 
 GEO. W. LYON, WIRT DEXTER, 
 
 W. F. COOLBAUGH, T. B. BRYAN, 
 
 CHAS. FARGO, A. C. HESING, 
 
 W. E. DOGGETT, GEO. H. LAFLIN, 
 
 C. FURST, GEO. S. BOWEN, 
 
 JOHN B. DRAKE, JACOB ROSENBERG, 
 
 JOHN P. REYNOLDS. 
 
 The Board of Directors held a meeting at the Sherman 
 House, on the 25th of April, and elected the following officers: 
 President POTTER PALMER. 
 
 Vice- Presidents JOSEPH MEDILL, W. F. COOLBAUGH, CHAS. 
 B. FARWELL, JACOB ROSENBERG, N. K. FAIRBANK. 
 Treasurer J. IRVING PEARCE. 
 Secretary JOHN P. REYNOLDS. 
 
 Executive Committee N. S. BOUTON, Chairman, POTTER 
 PALMER, GEO. H. LAFLIN, JOHN B. DRAKE, T. W. HARVEY, 
 R. T. CRANE, GEO. S. BOWEN, and DAVID A. GAGE. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting, the City Council having granted 
 the use of Lake Park, the payment of stock was called in, and 
 the Executive Committee ordered to proceed with the erection 
 of the building. 
 
 This is the history of the Exposition in the days of its in- 
 fancy, and to the public-spirited citizens who carried it through 
 to maturity and certain success, all honor is due. We terminate 
 this narration abruptly, because the time has not yet come for 
 the rest of it to be written. That of it which is not told, the 
 visitor can see. Applications for space for exhibitors have been 
 pouring in since the first pile was driven for the foundation of 
 the building, and if it were possible to bring this history up to
 
 History of the Enterprise. 9 
 
 the time at which this book is placed in the hand of the reader, 
 we could not tell the Exposition's story better than the Expo- 
 sition tells it itself. It stands here like a palace risen in a 
 morning; it is the top-jewel in the coronet of the Metropolis of 
 the West. It, itself, is the history of Chicago in miniature it 
 rose up in a day, and it is magnificent in its conception and 
 its accomplishment. The Exposition is a monument to that 
 peculiar energy which amazes the world and confounds our 
 contemporaries.
 
 SKETCHES OF THE OFFICERS. 
 
 POTTER PALMER. 
 
 MK. POTTER PALMER is a good specimen of the go-ahead 
 Chicagoan, and for this reason it was peculiarly appropriate that 
 he should have been selected as the head and front of an enter- 
 prise which, in its spirit, was to embody the secret of Chicago's 
 prosperity. He was not chosen, however, to be a figure-head. 
 Mr. PALMER has been one of the warmest friends of the Exposi- 
 tion from its inception, and has steadily contributed to it out of 
 his large stock of wealth and influence. As its President he has 
 presided at every meeting, unless absent from the city, artd as a 
 member of the Executive Committee has zealously borne his 
 part of the large amount of work and anxiety which has fallen 
 to the portion of the gentlemen of that Committee. 
 
 Mr. PALMER'S history as a citizen of Chicago, is known, not 
 only here in the city, but, among business men all over the 
 country. He is everywhere recognized as one of the most 
 enterprising and sagacious of our citizens. 
 
 He came to Chicago twenty years ago, from New York. For 
 the first ten years of his residence here he engaged entirely in 
 the dry goods business, and his house was, probably, one of the 
 best known in that line in the West. About ten years ago 
 he turned his attention to real estate, and has now grown 
 to be one of the strongest landholders in the city. The large 
 number of palatial buildings which he has erected, mark him as 
 a public spirited citizen, while his magnificent hotel, now at the 
 point of completion, will be the marvel of the world. He has 
 built it after studying the hotels of America and Europe, and it
 
 Sketches of the Officers. 1 1 
 
 will be a hotel after his own heart, and will stand for centuries 
 to come, a monument to his genius and an honor to his name, 
 tarrying it down to be spoken by the mouths of our children 
 and our children's children, and even generations thereafter. 
 
 MON. JOHN jP. REYNOLDS. 
 
 The large and varied experience of Hox. JOHN P. REY- 
 NOLDS in matters of this character, pointed him out at once as 
 a man to be one of the important officers of the great Exposi- 
 tion. The complete success of the hurried enterprise demanded 
 the services of a quick and experienced hand and the fortunate 
 selection of Mr. R. is a matter of congratulation. The history 
 of his connection with the fairs of Illinois and elsewhere could 
 not, if justice were done it, be told between the covers of our 
 book. In a word, he first became connected with the Illinois 
 State Agricultural Society in 1855, ant ^ served as Secretary of 
 the same from 1860 to 1871. He was then Vice-President for 
 the State at large, and, upon the organization of the new State 
 Board of Agriculture in 1872, was elected President for the 
 term of two years. Mr. REYNOLDS was appointed by Gov. 
 Oglesby, the Commissioner for the State at the Paris Exposition 
 of 1867. He also served upon the same occasion as the dele- 
 gate from the State Agricultural Society, and as a commissioner 
 of the United States. At Paris he was put on the jury on 
 Agricultural Implements and Agricultural Establishments. 
 
 To Mr. REYNOLDS is due almost entirely the well-ordered 
 appearance of the present Exposition. He has personally 
 superintended the disposition of the space, and though, of 
 course, much is due the able superintendents of the depart- 
 ments, the general and gratifying result of Mr. R.'s work is 
 .where apparent.
 
 1 2 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 RVING PEARCE. 
 
 MR. J. IRVING PEARCE is the Treasurer of the Exposition. 
 Although a financier, as his success as a business man attests, 
 there has been no pressing call for tho exercise of his abilities 
 in that regard, for the Exposition has received the cordial 
 support of the citizens from the start, and money, amply suffi- 
 cient, has always been ready to meet the expenses of the 
 enterprise. Mr. PEARCE has, however, been one of the hardest 
 working members and has never fagged in his zeal for the suc- 
 cess of the project. He came to Chicago in 1851, and is 
 probably one of the most widely and favorably known business 
 men of the city. It is said of him that every enterprise he has 
 undertaken has succeeded. As an instance of the thorough- 
 ness and promptness with which he accomplishes what he 
 undertakes, it will be interesting to state that in the making up 
 of the committee on subscriptions in the early days of the 
 Exposition, Mr. PEARCE was appointed to canvass among his 
 own fraternity the bankers. The subscription book was sent 
 to him one day and he returned it to the Secretary on the next 
 with the names of twenty-two banks, each subscribing to one 
 thousand dollars worth of stock Mr. PEARCE having visited 
 every bank in the city on the same day that the book was 
 put in his hands. Such promptness as this has made him a 
 reputation for reliability such as few men possess, and probably 
 no man in the community controls the confidence of the pub- 
 lic to such an extent as he. Mr. P. has been a hotel man for 
 the greater part of his residence in Chicago, but has also 
 engaged in other matters. He is largely interested in real 
 estate, and is the president of the Third National Bank. He 
 kept the Matteson House till 1856. In 1858 he took charge of 
 the Adams House and remained there until the fire. He 
 opened the Hyde Park Hotel in 1867, and still has the control
 
 Sketciies of the Officers. 1 3 
 
 of it. As one of the principal officers of the Expositson, Mr. 
 PEARCE is about the building a great deal, and, like the rest of 
 those who have undertaken and built up this enterprise, is 
 anxious that it shall be a success in every sense of the word 
 that every visitor, as well as every exhibitor, shall go away 
 pleased, not only with the Exposition, but with Chicago in 
 general. 
 
 OUTON. 
 
 MR. N. S. BOUTON, being the chairman of the Executive 
 Committee, a great deal of the responsibility for the rapid 
 accomplishment of the work very naturally rested upon his 
 shoulders, though he was, through all, ably and energetically 
 assisted by the other members of the Committee. But the 
 Exposition, signally successful in the selection of its officers, 
 was particular fortunate in securing the valuable services of Mr. 
 BOUTOK in this very important position. A man of rare execu- 
 tive ability, he brought to bear in the pushing along of the 
 enterprise, the same energy and indefatigability which has 
 marked his successful career as one of the leading business men 
 of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. BOUTON is president of the Union Foundry Works. He 
 came to Chicago twenty-two years ago, is forty-six years of age, 
 and was born in New Hampshire. He commenced in Chicago 
 as a clerk in the iron firm of G. W. Sizer & Co., was admitted 
 as a partner during the year following, and remained with the 
 firm until 1856. He then formed a new business connection, 
 the firm being Stone, Boomer & Bouton, bridges and car-works. 
 The shops of this firm, it will be remembered, were where the 
 Illinois Central Railroad shops now are, they having sold their 
 establishment to that company. The firm was dissolved in 1857,
 
 14 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 and Mr. BOUTON established, in his own name, the concern 
 which is now known as the Union Foundry Works, and which 
 includes almost all kinds of iron manufacturing. In 1863 he 
 took into the firm his brother, C. B. Bouton, and E. L. Hurl- 
 burt, each with one-fourth interest, the firm name being N. S. 
 Bouton & Co., and remaining so until last year when the present 
 name was adopted'. In 1862 Mr. BOUTON went into the army 
 as quartermaster of the 88th Illinois regiment, and afterwards 
 served in the same capacity in the brigade and corps. From 
 the effects of exposure while in the service, he was sick and 
 totally incapacitated for business from January, '64, to July, '65. 
 Having recovered his health entirely, he now possesses physical 
 force amply sufficient for the support of the remarkable energy 
 of character which marked him out as one of the men to lead 
 in an enterprise like the great Exposition. Mr. BOUTON has 
 been from the first a strong advocate of the advantages of a 
 great crystal palace exposition at Chicago, and his personal 
 interest in and watchfulness of the affair, has not ceased with 
 its consummation. 
 
 pEO. S. BoWEN. 
 
 MR. GEO. S. BOWEN, a member of the Executive Commit- 
 tee, though he has been for many years one of the prominent 
 business men of Chicago, is probably more widely known as 
 one of the chief advocates of the wool manufacturing interests 
 of the country, especially of the West. He is President of the 
 Woolen Manufacturers' Association, from which, in reality, 
 the great Exposition has sprung, and for his great interest in 
 and knowledge of such matters, he has been requested andf 
 has consented to take charge of the Department of Textile Fab- 
 rics, to which he will give much of his personal attention.
 
 Sketches of the Officers. \ - 
 
 If the credit for a great enterprise is due the originator, 
 Chicago has Mr. GEO. S. BOWEN to thank for its Exposition, for 
 it was he who made the suggestion which has led to such a 
 brilliant consummation. He had a leading hand in the Expo- 
 sition of Textile Fabrics which was inaugurated at Cincinnati in 
 1870, under the auspices of the Woolen Manufacturers' Associ- 
 ation, and held annually thereafter at different cities in the 
 West. The committee met in this city, in February last, to 
 arrange for the display this fall, when Mr. BOWEN advocated a 
 fixed and permanent place for such exhibitions, and opposed 
 the migratory system which had previously been adhered to. 
 He prevailed upon the committee to agree to hold their exhibi- 
 tions in Chicago for the next ten years, provided the city or 
 somebody in the city, would furnish a suitable building. He 
 then went to work and had issued a call, in pursuance of which 
 was assembled the meeting out of which has sprung the great 
 Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. BOWEN came to this city in 1849, when only 20 years 
 of age. For six years previous to that lime he had been em- 
 ployed in a woolen mill at Little Falls, Herkimer County, New 
 York, and during that time, having worked himself up to a posi- 
 tion of honor and trust in the establishment, probably imbibed 
 his decided predilection for a woolen mill. Upon his arrival 
 in Chicago, in 1849, he went to work in the dry goods store of 
 N. H. Wood, and in 1853 succeeded him in the business. 
 Since then the jobbing dry goods house of Bowen Brothers, 
 of Chicago, has become known all over the West. Mr. BOWEN 
 is also a large owner of real estate, and is Vice-President of 
 the Chicago & Pacific railroad. He is a member of the execu- 
 tive committee of the National Association of Woolen Manufac- 
 turers of America. Mr. B. now resides at Elgin, 111., and i> 
 mayor of that city. There are few visitors to the Exposition 
 who will not meet with his genial face in the Department of 
 Textile Fabrics.
 
 16 Chicago ami her 
 
 . LAFLIN. 
 
 To MR. GEORGE H. LAFLIN was entrusted one of the most 
 responsible positions in the enterprise that of Chairman of 
 the Advertising Committee. Upon him has devolved the labor 
 of acquainting the world with the fact that we are to hold 
 here in Chicago, a grand exposition of the industries of the 
 nation. There could be no more important position, for the 
 proper discharge of its duties decides the financial success of 
 the enterprise. At the same time there could be no more envi- 
 able position, for it is not every day that one finds a business 
 man who properly understands the subject of advertising. 
 Indeed, it is a remarkable fact that the average is not one in 
 a hundred. It is also a fact, well understood among news- 
 paper men, that some of the heaviest advertisers in the country 
 have no idea of the relative value of different kinds of adver- 
 tising. The Exposition, then, has paid Mr. LAFLIN a high 
 compliment, but one which his large experience and hard, 
 penetrating common sense deserves. 
 
 Since the Exposition movement was put squarely on its feet, 
 Mr. L. has been one of its hardest and most faithful workers. 
 He has devoted almost his entire time and attention to it, 
 and, as a member of the Executive Committee, has been on 
 hand early and late, and has assisted materially in the pushing 
 ahead of the work on the building. 
 
 Mr. LAFLIN was born in Connecticut in 1827. He came 
 to Chicago when only ten years of age, and lived in old Fort 
 Dearborn. He is one of the few men who have seen and 
 been with the city from its incipiency. He started in business 
 as a clerk for Wadsworth, Dyer & Chapin, who were the head 
 and original of the two firms of Field, Leiter & Co. and John 
 V. Farwell & Co. Leaving them in 1854, he established the 
 first paper house in the West, with himself and brother under 
 the firm name of G. H. & L. Laflin. They led the paper trade 
 west of the Alleghanies for nearly twenty years.
 
 Sketches of the Officers. \ - 
 
 JOHN B. DRAKE. 
 
 The compiler of this book, starting out to search for some- 
 thing biographical in regard to Mr. JOHN B. DRAKE, was told 
 that " it must be an uncivilized land where you would find a 
 man who did not know DRAKE !" Mr. DRAKE belongs to the 
 aristocracy of the hotel fraternity. He is known to the travel- 
 ing community all over the country and in Europe as " the best 
 best man to keep a hotel." He identified himself with the old 
 Tremont and made it what it was. He is now President of the 
 Illinois Loan and Trust Company, and is a large property 
 owner in the city. Though not so early connected with the 
 Exposition movement as some of the equally prominent mem- 
 bers, Mr. DRAKE has, since his election as one of the Executive 
 Committee, given the matter his unceasing attention. His good 
 advice and, counsel have been invaluable in the perfecting of the 
 organization. 
 
 EDWIN LEE BROWN. 
 
 MR. EDWIN LEE BROWN is a member of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, and has done valuable service in that regard, but upon 
 him has devolved a still more important work. For his well- 
 known interest and experience in matters of art he was made 
 Chairman of the Art Committee a position requiring the services 
 of the very best man who could be procured. The work of getting 
 together a creditable display of the fine arts has been no easy one. 
 A number of fine collections belonging to private citizens of Chi- 
 cago were destroyed by the great fire, and, for this reason, 
 Mr. BROWN has to depend in a greater measure upon contribu- 
 tions from abroad. He has been indefatigable in his work,
 
 1 8 Chicago and Iicr IL\ position. 
 
 however, and the display, considering the many untoward 
 circumstances, not the least of which was the very short time at 
 his disposal, is creditable alike to himself and the Exposition. 
 
 Mr. BROWN is a native of Maine, and was born in 1827. 
 His original profession was that of an architect, which he 
 followed for ten years in Boston. He was the architect of the 
 well-known Parker House in that city. He has been engaged 
 in the manufacture of sidewalk lights for the past fifteen years. 
 He established that business in connection with his brother, the 
 late Franklin B. Brown, under the firm name of Brown Brothers, 
 in Chicago, in 1860, and still carries it on under the same name, 
 although he now owns the whole concern. He does the largest 
 business in this line of any house in the world, which is men- 
 tioned as no little item in the business summary of Chicago. 
 During the year 1872 the cash outlay of the firm was eight 
 hundred dollars a day. 
 
 Mr. BROWN was President of the Chicago Library Associa- 
 tion for two years, and also President of the Illinois Humane 
 Society. He received a liberal education, graduating at 
 Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in 1846. He is a great 
 lover of art in all its branches, and was one of the original 
 founders of the Boston Art Club, of which he is now a life 
 member. Visitors whose taste will attract them to the Art 
 Gallery, will find in Mr. BROWN an urbane gentleman and 
 a valuable acquaintance. 
 
 JtJL 
 
 F AIRBANK. 
 
 MR. FAIRBANK is one of the Vice-Presidents. He is the 
 leading member of the firm of Fairbank & Peck, of this city, 
 which is largely engaged in the packing and rendering business. 
 Mr. F. is a prominent and well-known citizen, is a director of 
 the Board of Trade, and is highly respected in the business 
 community.
 
 Sketches of the Officers. 19 
 
 . LRANE. 
 
 / 
 
 MR. R. T. CRANE, of the firm of Crane Brothers, is a. 
 member of the Executive Committee, and is considered one of 
 the most valuable workers in the enterprise. Mr. CRANE'S 
 history as a citizen of Chicago, can be told in a few words. 
 He came here thirty-five years ago, and, with his brother, 
 started a blacksmith shop, with little capital, but a large amount 
 of brain and muscle. They gradually increased the facilities 
 of their forge, until now the record of their industry covers 
 four large blocks, including the site of the old blacksmith shop, 
 and gives employment to six hundred men. Mr. CRANE was 
 one of the first to undertake the Exposition project, and has 
 attended every meeting of the Executive Committee and Board 
 of Directors. 
 
 DAVID A. GAGE. 
 
 MR. DAVID A. GAGE is another hotel man. So far, we have 
 recorded three successful hotel men as members of the Execu- 
 tive Committee. Argal, a man who can keep a hotel can do 
 anything. Mr. GAGE is also one of those citizens whom the 
 community know too well to require any especial history of 
 their lives. ' He is not quite fifty, and is from the East, but has 
 been from there so long that he has forgotten all about it him- 
 self, and nobody else probably knew it before. He has become 
 so thoroughly identified with Chicago, that he passes current 
 for one native and to the manor born. The two Gage brothers 
 have the reputation of being far-seeing business men, quick and 
 sagacious in their transactions and they are both very rich.
 
 2O Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 They have both been very deeply involved in the politics of the 
 city, and have each held responsible offices, Mr. George Gage 
 being at present one of the South Park Commissioners, 
 and Mr. DAVID, city treasurer. The latter now holds that 
 office, and will ever be a landmark in the city's history, as 
 the first treasurer who gave to the city the interest on its money 
 entrusted to his keeping. It has been the fashion, heretofore, 
 for the treasurer to pocket this good round sum, but no one, 
 now that the good example has been set, will ever, hereafter, 
 have the courage to return to the old and very lucrative system. 
 The Gages, as hotel men, were of the old Sherman and are now 
 of the new Pacific, which, to the traveling public, is more than 
 could be said in [their honor in a volume of words. Mr. 
 DAVID GAGE is a member of the Executive Committee, and has 
 been one of the Exposition's best friends. 
 
 WON. JOSEPH M.EDILL. 
 
 MR. MEDILL is counted among the fathers of the Exposi- 
 tion. As Mayor of the city, he has given it his strong 
 countenance from the first. The speech which he made at the 
 Rice & Jackson's Hall meeting, in February, marked out and 
 made good its first substantial foundations. Mr. MEDILL'S 
 record as a public man is too well known in the country to be 
 inquired after. His reputation for strong, sound sense goes 
 with his name. When the fire had disrupted everything and 
 left the city bewildered, he was called upon to take* hold of its 
 affairs and lead it out of its overwhelming embarassment. 
 How well and acceptably he performed this responsible and 
 trying duty, if it were not evident in the appearance and-pros- 
 perity of the city itself, would have been apparent to the 
 merest stranger by the hearty accord and good wishes tendered 
 him on all sides on the occasion of his recent departure for
 
 Sketches of the Officers. 2 1 
 
 Europe for a season of rest. Mr. MEDILL is a man of extraor- 
 dinary industry. His reputation as an indefatigable worker is 
 not equaled by any man in Chicago, and Chicago workers beat 
 the world. He is a hard student and is particularly interested 
 in questions of political economy. He is the champion of the 
 cumulative voting system. In questions of finance, internal 
 revenue, and civil reform, his suggestions have been of large 
 public service and permanent value. He is one of the principal 
 proprietors of the Chicago Tribune. 
 
 I-.F- P 
 
 OGGKTT. 
 
 MR. W. E. DOGGETT, of the firm of.Doggett, Bassett & Hill, 
 was early identified with the business interests of Chicago, and 
 was among the first to manufacture boots and shoes in the West. 
 Through Mr. DOGGETT'S influence, the fellow members in his 
 line of trade subscribed largely to the stock of the Exposition. 
 Mr. DOGGETT stands high as a citizen, and possesses the universal 
 respect of the community, for his good, sound sense and his 
 business enterprise. 
 
 I- f 
 
 OOLBAUGH. 
 
 MR. W. F. COOLBAUGH has been a prominent man before the 
 State and country for many years. He is considered the father 
 of the banking interests of Chicago, and has been identified 
 with the city from its earliest start. He is now President of 
 the Union National Bank, and is about fifty years of age. He 
 lias been a first-class worker in the Exposition enterprise, and 
 has given it the strong support of his suggestions and personal 
 influence.
 
 Chicago and her Imposition. 
 
 GEO, W. LYON. 
 
 MR. GEO. W. LYON is a member of the Board of Directors 
 and, as the leading music man of Chicago, his services have 
 been found to be invaluable in that especially, as, also in many 
 other respects. Mr. LYON is a native of Northboro, Massa- 
 chusetts, and is forty-two years of age. He has been in the 
 music business for twenty-five years, originally in Boston. The 
 firm of Lyon & Healy, of which he is the senior member, was 
 established in Chicago in September, 1864. Their present bus- 
 iness is said to be the largest in the country, with possibly an 
 exception in favor of a Boston house. Mr. LYON is himself an 
 accomplished musician, plays upon every instrument with the 
 apparent skill of a master, and is also thoroughly versed in the 
 mechanism of all musical instruments. The firm of Lyon & 
 Healy was completely burned out in the memorable Drake 
 block conflagration of September 4, 1870, and again in the 
 great fire of '71. Mr. LYON has been actively connected with 
 the Exposition from the beginning and has been especially 
 energetic in the working up of the enterprise. 
 
 J. p. J3 
 
 RYAN. 
 
 MR. T. B. BRYAN is a prominent Chicago capitalist, and 
 public-spirited citizen. He has all along manifested the great- 
 est interest in the success of the Exposition, but on account 
 of bad health has been unable to give it much of his personal 
 attention. He is one of the most reliable and public-spirited 
 citizens, and one of those who enjoy the respect and confidence 
 of the whole community.
 
 Sketches of the Officers. 23 
 
 ESING. 
 
 MR. A. C. HESING is the President of the Staats-Zeitung 
 Printing Company, President of the Teutonic Life Insurance 
 Company, and was one of the earliest advocates of a Crystal 
 Palace at Chicago. He was president of the board of subscri- 
 bers, and has been unceasing in his attention in watching and 
 helping along the enterprise. As a publisher, and the head of 
 the Staats-Zeitung, his name and reputation have gone before 
 the world. Few there are who enjoy the confidence and trust of 
 a people equal to that in which he is held by the Germans. 
 Aggressive as an enemy, practical and unfaltering as a friend, 
 his record commends him to all classes in the community. 
 
 HENRY H- TAYLOR. 
 
 JIT. 
 
 Of MR. HENRY H. TAYLOR, it can be said that, although 
 not the originator of the Exposition movement, he was the 
 man who subsequently took hold of it and gave it shape, mark- 
 ing out the line which has since been followed, and which has 
 brought it to success. MR. TAYLOR came to Chicago in the 
 same predicament in which most of our rich and responsible 
 men found themselves when first they landed within the lines 
 of the Garden City poor. But he was one of those peculiar 
 people which some unknown force seemed to attract hither, and 
 whose energy and far-reaching sagacity have made Chicago's 
 reputation. Mr. TAYLOR put his confidence in the future of 
 the city and he has been munificently rewarded. The firm of 
 C. Aultman, of Canton, Ohio, made him general agent for 
 their threshing machine, and the now celebrated Buckeye
 
 24 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 Mower. It was through his energy and ability that those two 
 enterprises were lifted to their pre%ent prosperity. He has 
 been subsequently identified with agricultural machinery as the 
 junior of the firm of Aultman & Taylor, of Mansfield, Ohio, 
 an establishment employing six hundred men. Mr. TAYLOR is 
 now the treasurer of the Elgin Watch Co., a director of the 
 Commercial National Bank and largely interested in other 
 financial schemes in and around Chicago. He has not latterly 
 figured as an active worker in the Exposition on account of 
 ill-health, which has required his absence from the city. 
 
 WlRJ 
 
 DEXTER. 
 
 MR. DEXTER is a member of the Board of Directors and is 
 one of the leading lawyers of the city. His integrity and 
 ability have secured him a strong position in the front rank of 
 his fraternity. He is a wealthy, public-spirited and valuable 
 citizen. Dexter Park and the celebrated trotter were both 
 named in his honor. He has given the Exposition his coun- 
 tenance and support, and has been one of its firmest friends 
 from the start. 
 
 T-f-f* 
 
 ARVEY. 
 
 MR. T. W. HARVEY was one of the most promising workers 
 in the Exposition movement in its early days, but he was 
 married and went to Europe. He is a young man and an 
 average Chicagoan. Poor at the start, but raised to affluence 
 in a short while by his own unaided ability, he now enjoys the 
 unbounded confidence and respect of the community, and is 
 one of the main dependencies in all such salutary public enter- 
 prises as the Exposition.
 
 Sketches of the Officers. 25 
 
 HON. PHAS. B. FAF\WELL. 
 
 HON. CHAS. B. FARWELL, as a puolic man, is too well known 
 to require an extended personal notice here. He comes of the 
 earliest settlers of Chicago, and has been identified with her 
 interests during the whole of his life. Mr. FARWELL is about 
 fifty years of age, and has often been honored by his fellow 
 < itizens with positions of great public trust, having been twice 
 elected to the National Congress, of which body he is now a 
 member. As a private citizen and business man, he is univer- 
 --.-.Uy respected, and it is said of him that he has never been 
 known to violate a promise. He is a member of the Board of 
 Directors of the Exposition, and has aided the enterprise with 
 his countenance and monev. 
 
 LONRAD fURST. 
 
 f' 
 
 MR. CONRAD FURST is of the well-known firm of Furst &: 
 Bradley. Mr. David Bradley, the junior member, was one of 
 the earliest to respond to the call for an Exposition meeting. 
 He stood not from under, but helped bear the burden when the 
 enterprise was in its infancy of doubt. When the time came 
 for organization, and it was intended to honor him for his zeal, 
 by a prominent position among the officers, he declined in 
 favor of his partner and senior, who was placed upon the Board 
 of Directors. Mr. FURST has, however, been no less energetic 
 than Mr. Bradley, and has done valuable work. This house has 
 just acquired great honor at Vienna by their magnificent dis- 
 play of goods. They employ four hundred men in their 
 establishment in this < itv.
 
 26 Chicago and /u~r Exposition. 
 
 MARSHALL FIELD. 
 
 MR. MARSHALL FIELD, senior member of the firm of Fiefd, 
 Leiter & Co., is one of the Board of Directors of the Exposi- 
 tion, and has all along given the enterprise his strong support 
 and influence. His partner, Mr. Leiter, has also been a hard 
 worker in its behalf, having taken a book and canvassed for 
 subscriptions among his fellow-business men, and helped the 
 enterprise, in that manner, very materially in its early days 
 Mr. FIELD is a young man for his position in the commercial 
 world, being only a little over thirty, but is a shrewd, far-seeing 
 and exact man of business. He is a valuable and worthily 
 respected citizen. 
 
 iJABOB KOSENBERG. 
 
 MR. JACOB ROSENBERG, one of the Vice-Presidents of the 
 Exposition, is probably the oldest not-native born citizens of 
 Chicago. He came to this city in 1843, an d from that time 
 until 1869 twenty-six years was in the jobbing dry goods 
 business, in the firm of Rosenfelt & Rosenberg. Mr. R. has 
 always been a live, go-ahead citizen, and was one of the first, as 
 well as he has been one of the strongest, advocates and most 
 vigorous supporters of the Exposition movement. He is now a 
 retired merchant, but still keeps an anxious eye upon the growth 
 and welfare of the city with which he had so much to do, both 
 in his youth and maturer years. Mr. ROSENBERG is 54 years of 
 age, and is a native of Bavaria. 
 
 i
 
 Sketches of the Officers. 27 
 
 LHARLES f ARGO. 
 1 ) ) 
 
 MR. FARGO was selected as a member of the Board of 
 Directors to represent the railroad and express interests. How 
 well he has performed the especial duty assigned to him, is told 
 by the reduced fares and freight tariffs, and the general coopera- 
 tion of the railroads arid express companies with the Exposition. 
 As a citizen of Chicago, Mr. FARGO bears a character of 
 unblemished integrity. In the rebuilding of the city, we may 
 cite the magnificent structure of the American Express Co., on 
 Monroe, near State, as an evidence of his interest in its growth 
 and welfare as well as architectural beauty. 
 
 jJAMES 'NoWLAN. 
 
 We would be unjust to our work were we to close this por- 
 cion of it without reference to one to whose unfaltering devotion 
 and unceasing toil the consummation of the great enterprise k 
 almost entirely due. In all projects of a public character 
 where the general good is at stake and there is no emolument, 
 there must be some particular and enthusiastic worker to furnish 
 the muscle, as it were, and devote his whole time and atten- 
 tion to the urging of its friends and the pushing along of its 
 interests. In the case of the great Chicago Exposition, this 
 man has been Mr. JAMES NOWLAN. When the idea first sug- 
 gested itself to Mr. Bowen, he sent for Mr. NOWLAN, and 
 turned over the details of the work to him. It was an oner- 
 ous undertaking. An interest had to be worked up, and the 
 concordance of the business community obtained. 
 
 Mr. NOWLAN* is a newspaper man by profession, and he went 
 to work by writing up the importance of the enterprise in the
 
 28 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 city papers. Editorial after editorial appeared, and being sound 
 and sensible, they were read and pondered over by the business 
 community until, at last, the time was ripe for the circular call 
 for the first meeting, which, at the suggestion of Mr. Bowen, 
 he issued over his own name. The first meeting was a failure, 
 there being only two citizens present, but, nothing disheartened, 
 he arranged for another on the very next day. This he kept 
 up until, at last, at the Rice & Jackson's Hall meeting there 
 were assembled forty-five of the leading business men of the 
 city, and the movement became an assured success. He then 
 undertook to canvass for subscriptions, and by his own, almost 
 unaided, efforts raised the first $150,000 of the stock. Though 
 not appearing in the list of the managers he has had a leading 
 hand in the shaping of the enterprise. 
 
 Mr. NOWLAN is an Irishman. He is one of those shrewd, 
 thoughtful and pugnacious Irishmen, who snatch ahold of a 
 good thing when they see it, and never let go until it is com- 
 pletely dead or a complete success. He was born in the city of 
 Dublin thirty-nine years ago, and is a gradute of Trinity 
 College. He came to this country in 1862, smelt Chicago 
 as soon as he landed on the shores of America, and came 
 directly here, a firm believer in its future, and willing to 
 commit to its destiny, the fortunes of his brain and muscle. 
 As a newspaper man he has invariably allied himself with that 
 arm of the profession which devotes itself to the welfare of the 
 commercial community. He has been connected with the 
 Spectator and the Chronicle, both insurance organs, while the 
 Daily Record, The Bureau, a tariff paper, and the Land- Owner 
 have all benefited by his services. Whatever the Exposition 
 or its history may be hereafter, there is no question that its 
 success is largely due to the efforts of Mr. NOWLAN.
 
 THE EXPOSITION BUILDING. 
 
 THIS book would be incomp.ete without a detailed descrip- 
 tion of the magnificent building in which the Exposition 
 is held. The work was begun on the i6th of June, and the 
 structure was completed and turned over to the Board of Direc- 
 tors on the 25th of September. The plans were furnished by 
 Mr. W. W. Boyington, the well known architect, on a very 
 short notice, and, upon their completion, were almost imme- 
 diately accepted by the Committee. Mr. W. L. Carroll was 
 appointed Superintendent of Construction on the part of the 
 Board. The contractors were required to finish the building 
 and have it ready for occupancy by September isth, they to 
 receive one thousand dollars bonus -for every day previous to 
 that time on which the work should be completed, and to 
 pay the same amount for each day they work beyond the 
 time. Under these circumstances the work progressed with all 
 possible rapidity, the contractors putting on all the men who 
 could find room to work. 
 
 The following is a list of the contractors, and the amount 
 paid each: 
 
 O. B. Green, piling , $ 7,924.40 
 
 Reeves & Wells, masonry 21 ,399.00 
 
 G. H. Lytle, carpenter work 124,800.00 
 
 Dewey, Jones & Co., galvanized iron, cornices, and tin 
 
 work 37,766.00 
 
 M. W. Powell & Co., composition roofing 2,350.00 
 
 James H. Rice, glass 7,560.00 
 
 Lester & Updyke, glass 2, 125.00 
 
 William M. Dee, sewerage 500.00 
 
 Boyington & Edwards, plumbing 519.25 
 
 E. & A. Price, smoke stack 1 ,375 .00 
 
 Union Foundry Works, cast iron . 1 ,389.00 
 
 Singer Talcott Stone Co., cut stone 396.50
 
 30 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 The building is 200 feet wide and 800 feet long, and reaches 
 from Monroe to Jackson street, a distance of two blocks. It 
 is as large as the Cincinnati and Louisville expositions put 
 together, and the old Crystal Palace, New Yorlj, could a be set 
 inside of it. It was found necessary to drive piles for the 
 foundation, the ground being "made." These piles were of 
 oak, a little less than two feet in diameter, and twenty feet long. 
 There are six of them under either end of each of the arches. 
 making over three hundred of them used for this purpose alone, 
 while there are an indefinite number under the other founda- 
 tions of the building. 
 
 The design of the building is virtually new, none of its 
 salient features having been copied from any other plan of a 
 like affair. 
 
 The rounded roof is supported by forty-one Howe trusses, 
 twenty feet apart. The six piles upon which either end rest.-., 
 are capped by oak timbers 12x14 inches in thickness, and like 
 the caps four feet in length. The main sills, which extend 
 across the building and support the trusses at each end, rest 
 side by side upon these caps. 
 
 The spring of the arch is placed at four feet above the floor, 
 or seven feet above the main sill. Each truss has a diameter of 
 one hundred and fifty feet. The Distance from the top of the 
 arch to the floor is eighty feet. These trusses are composed of 
 three thicknesses of inch-and-three-quarters plank for the 
 upper and lower courses; the diagonal braces are three 
 by twelve inches. For the first twenty-eight feet in height. 
 on either end, they are built solid. The arches are sustained 
 by diagonal tie-rods, the lower rod being fifty-four feet from 
 the floor. 
 
 The back walls are twenty-four feet in height, and stand 
 fifteen feet outside of the line of the trusses foundation. These 
 are the exterior walls of the first story. Receding from these 
 walls are a "lean-to" or shed-roof, touching the main trusses 
 or the spring of the main roof, which for seventeen feet above , 
 the point of contact, is built of hammered glass. The rest of 
 the roof above that is of galvanized iron.
 
 The Exposition Building. 3 r 
 
 In the center of the Michigan Avenue front is the first 
 projection, three stories high, twenty feet clear of the main 
 wall, and one hundred and twenty feet long. The first story 
 has an altitude of twenty-four feet; the second, seventeen ; the 
 third, fourteen. Over the third story is a pediment or gable- 
 end twenty-five feet in height. 
 
 There is a carriage drive in front of this portico, twenty 
 feet wide, upon which open large entrance doors. Two 
 double windows flank the doors on each side. Covering the 
 drive is the balcony of the second story, twenty feet wide and 
 eighty long. French double windows open from the second 
 story upon the balcony, which in turn is covered by a hand- 
 some awning suspended from above the windows of the third 
 story. The same description applies to each of the two other 
 projections situated near the ends of the building, except 
 that they are twenty by eighty feet in ground measurement, and 
 that three doors open upon the carriage drive in each case 
 instead of two as in the grand portico. 
 
 Back of the Adams-street entrance, and exactly in the mid- 
 dle of the roof, is placed a grand, twelve-sided dome, 60 feet in 
 diameter, with forty feet perpendicular height, and a radius of 
 38 feet 8 inches for the curve. Above the perpendicular part 
 the dome is 38 feet high, making a total height from the top of 
 the truss to the base of the lantern of 75 feet. The lantern is 
 13 feet in diameter, has a perpendicular face 12 feet high, 
 covered by a rounded cover 8 feet high. From the apex of the 
 lantern springs the flag-staff 58 feet high. The distance from 
 .the ground to the base of the flag-staff is 1 76 feet. In each 
 base of the circular part of the dome and lantern is aground 
 dormer window, very prettily crested and ornamented with 
 galvanized iron work. In each of the perpendicular faces is a 
 large double window. From the north and south sides of the 
 grand dome a ventilator extends along the roof to the end 
 domes: this ventilator is twelve feet high and 26 feet wide ; the 
 sides are glass, and the top, which is supported by iron posts set 
 ten feet apart in the sides, is galvanized iron. Along the edge 
 of the top extends an ornamental railing.
 
 32 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 The end domes are 48 feet square and 32 feet high, to the 
 base of the lantern which is 140 feet above the floor. The 
 lanterns have each a height superior to its dome of 16 feet, so 
 that from the floor to the summit is an elevation of 156 
 feet. 
 
 Under the centre of the main dome is a magnificent foim- 
 tain placed in the middle of a basin forty feet in diameter. It 
 is profusely ornamented and surrounded by the rarest plants and 
 flowers, interspersed with statuary : another fountain, scarcely 
 less elegant, is placed under the south dome in the Floral 
 Department. 
 
 The Art Gallery is on the east side of the house, directly 
 opposite the grand entrance ; it projects from the wall 20 feet 
 and has a length of 1 20 feet north and south. The walls run 
 up from the outside to a height of 34 feet, 10 feet more than 
 the main wall. Twenty-four feet in width of room, inside the 
 building, is taken up the entire length of the Art Gallery, and 
 thrown into it, giving it a floor space of 45x20 feet. . It is 
 handsomely lighted from the top, and the walls and ceilings 
 beautifully frescoed. The Fine Art Department is the only one, 
 however, with a room for its own accommodation. There are 
 but two rooms in the entire building; one for general exhibi- 
 tion, and the other for the Art Gallery. There are two wide 
 entrances to the gallery from the interior; its roof is known as 
 a " square-hip" roof. 
 
 Access to the second story gallery, which encircles the 
 interior of the building, is provided for by means of eighteen 
 flights of stairs, n feet wide, railed on either side, and with 
 broad half-landings. The gallery is 25 feet wide, except in the 
 3 porticos, where, over the grand entrance, it is 80x120 
 feet in size, and 40x80 over the end projection. As stated 
 above, the trusses are built solid up to the floor of this gallery, 
 from which they pass at 15 feet from the outer walls; outside 
 this a walk 10 feet wide is left, protected on the edge by a rail. 
 
 The space inside the trusses that is between the trusses and 
 the wall is designed for exhibition purposes. The who! 
 very firmly supported.
 
 The li.\ position Building. 33 
 
 The third-story gallery is confined to the front projections, 
 making three very handsome little alcoves for the exhibition of 
 light articles. 
 
 The building, inside and out, will be trimmed, painted and 
 frescoed into becoming beauty. Ingress and egress, light and 
 air, are provided for by eighteen doors and one hundred 
 and fifty-two windows. 
 
 The entire available space for purposes of display is five and 
 eight-tenths acres. The floor room is 253,936.29 feet, being 
 over half more than contained in the great Crystal Palace of 
 New York. It covers nearly two acres more than the Boston 
 Coliseum; has nearly 100,000 feet more floor space than the 
 Cincinnati Exposition building, leaving out our galleries and 
 counting theirs, and is immeasurably superior, not only in size, 
 but in beauty of shape, convenience, durability, and general 
 arrangement, to any like structure on this side of the Atlantic. 
 
 The building is put upon ground which was donated to the 
 city of Chicago, by the general Government, for the purpose of 
 a public park. Its present use is contrary to the conditions of 
 the transfer, but the purpose Js such a laudable one, that no 
 one can raise an objection to the continuance of the building 
 upon its present site after the year has expired the time for 
 which the City Council granted its use to the Exposition. 
 However, it is so constructed that it may be taken down and 
 removed to another locality at comparatively little cost. It is 
 such a beautiful structure, however, and such an ornament 
 to the park, and so much in keeping with the general idea 
 of the public beneficence which prompted the generous act on 
 the part of the Government, that no citizen of Chicago or 
 elsewhere will be apt to raise a voice against it and demand its 
 removal. It is to be hoped that the building of the great Inter- 
 State Industrial Exposition will remain upon the lake front for 
 many years to come.
 
 THE CITY AND ITS INTERESTS. 
 
 THE Exposition, and this volume relative thereto, will serve 
 a valuable purpose. They will dispel from the minds of a 
 hundred thousand visitors an illusion, within which half of 
 mankind have been accustomed to dwell, that Chicago is a mir- 
 acle. A god and a queen, Belus and Semiramis, were required 
 to build Babylon ; and when the Norwegian dreamer, Frederika 
 Bremer, came to the American continent, she asked to be taken 
 to Chicago, "the home of Loki and Thor, the Supernatural 
 Forces." The half of mankind that have not considered 
 Chicago a miracle, have looked upon it as a marvelous specula- 
 tion, a bubble, oddly enough, that had not burst yet, but 
 certainly would, and there were those who thought that fatal 
 moment had come on an October night two years ago, when 
 
 " Homeless twenty thousand homes here stood, 
 And twenty thousand tables pined and wanted food." 
 
 The poet needs amendment ; when Wadsworth wrote, there 
 was no Chicago. This skeptical class are already disabused ; 
 eastern Shylocks of twenty years ago, who looked askance at 
 the city bonds, were among the first to telegraph their thou- 
 sands of dollars for real estate investment last November. They 
 thought that ashes cooled values, and that central sites, whose 
 impoverished owners were necessarily buried beneath unre- 
 deemable mortgages, would gratefully clutch at any price 
 represented by cash, on which no uncertain future would pile 
 the profits of the usurer. They found few front feet in the 
 market ; values went up instead of down ; yet every dollar 
 planted hath grown its fruit.
 
 The City and its Interests. 35 
 
 But there have been no Supernatural Forces; no Semiramis, 
 no Belus. The two millions of workmen whom the Queen's 
 scepter summoned, like soldiers, from all parts of the eastern 
 empire to lay the foundations of Babylon's walls and carve its 
 hundred brazen gates, have been present in the re-building of 
 Chicago, for steam has annihilated time, and science has multi- 
 plied human hands, and what was accomplished in Babylon in 
 a year, has been wrought in Chicago in a month. Thor and 
 Loki, the Northern Supernatural Forces, rendered no assistance ; 
 nature, pluck, and money, three intensely realistic agencies, 
 have done it all. The city around the Exposition, the Expo- 
 sition within the city, are the proofs and the monument. 
 
 Chicago is simply the inevitable result of a prophetic 
 intention. When God dropped the lakes into their places, and 
 unfolded the millions of acres of the bursting West beyond 
 them, and pressed his finger at the base of the great lake, 
 indenting a river mouth, He speaking with reverence He 
 meant business. As surely, by the law of gravitation the apple 
 fell before Newton's eyes, so surely was a great city to rise at 
 the river's mouth and the base of the lake, to be the great 
 clearing-house between the producers on the west of it and the 
 consumers of the entire East. It is a Chicagoism to attribute 
 the sudden and indestructible magnitude of the city to the 
 local spirit, clear-headed and tremendous as it is. It is a 
 romance of the rail to credit the railroads with the achieve- 
 ment ; both are but the consequences of a great cause, purely 
 physical ; the one the agent, the second the carrier, of an inex- 
 haustible product laid at the city's door before a city was here 
 to handle it, a product constantly augmented by the muscle of 
 the old world, tiding constantly to the untenanted side of the 
 new ; augmented at so rapid a rate, that, despite the growth of 
 the city, despite the thousands of miles of swift transportation 
 added each succeeding year, despite a lake marine built up 
 season after season in defiance of the tariff, despite partial 
 famine and failures of crops on the continent, the product has 
 swollen until it begins to impoverish the producer, and has out- 
 stripped in the race the city through which it must pass as
 
 36 Chicago and her Exposition, 
 
 through a door. Cowper spoke well enough when he said that 
 God made the country and man made the town ;^ but it was 
 agriculture that made Chicago, that would have compelled its 
 making by the next generation, if the one that founded it had 
 failed of the manifest duty. Neither railroads which never 
 go except when they are wanted ; nor manufacturers, which 
 demand pre-existing natural conditions; nor esprit-de-ville, 
 which could not be found and has merely kept abreast with the 
 city ; nor the merchant navy, that now takes up its march from 
 the feeble rivulet, over the ocean, to the gates of Liverpool, 
 but which would have no march to make did not nature supply 
 the cargo on the western wharf; none of these built Chicago. 
 It was the golden grain that 1,500,000 square miles of teeming 
 soil west of it annually produced, a production whose expanse, 
 to be every year expanded further through a period practi- 
 cally infinite, can best be judged by the fact that while in 
 1850 the lake States produced forty million bushels of wheat, 
 Chicago, in a single day of 1873, handles half a million bushels, 
 and at a -day not a dozen years distant, if the facilities be 
 increased in a ratio commensurate with the supply, will easily 
 ship double that amount. It was this permanent commerce 
 with the furnishing of which Chicago spirit had nothing to 
 do that laid the foundation and erected the walls of Chicago. 
 It was as the carriers of this commerce that railroads spun their 
 wires into and away from the city, rendering Chicago distinc- 
 tively the railroad city, Illinois the greatest railroad State of 
 the world. It was as agents and brokers of this permanent 
 commerce that the banks cast up their impregnable piles and 
 excavated their vaults ; as tributaries and dependents the hotels 
 expanded, the wholesale houses of every branch of trade grew 
 and prospered, manufactures blackened the prairie sky with 
 smoke, and every form of human toil and profit lodged itself 
 here, never to depart, constantly to augment its usefulness and 
 increase its gains. The Exposition is but a bird's-eye view 
 of this material progress. 
 
 The city was a predestination. She reposes on a rock, not 
 'the rock whereon greatest minds have oftenest wrecked'
 
 The City and its Interests. 37 
 
 speculation but a rock firm as the Peter of the Scriptures ; a 
 natural necessity, immovable, to endure until navigation is 
 closed in the final December; until the "SHUT" of the banks 
 is whirled to the crystal panel for the last time, and men do not 
 return, reading the morning papers, to take the shutters down. 
 
 From this general glance at the predestined city, we will call 
 the reader's attention to some practical tests of its stability. 
 The destruction of Chicago and its marvelous replacement, is a 
 story not unfamiliar to the lips of the most unenlightened. 
 We desire to call attention to some of the more prominent 
 structures and businesses in the new city of commercial palaces. 
 We desire to present them to the mind of the stranger into 
 whose hands this book will fall, in such a manner that he will 
 not leave the city without going to see them ; and having gone 
 to see them, we desire that this book shall serve to furnish him 
 a deal of information in regard to them, which he could not 
 otherwise obtain without much annoying inquiry, and an im- 
 mense amount of trouble. 
 
 POTTER PALMER is erecting here in Chicago, one of the finest 
 hotels in the world. It is, undoubtedly, one of the prettiest 
 in point of architecture, in this country, and is said to be an 
 almost exact copy of the Palais Royale in Paris. It will be 
 remembered that while contemplating the erection of this beau- 
 tiful structure, Mr. P. made a tour of Europe, and closely 
 inspected all the principal hotels in England and on the conti- 
 nent. It is very natural that, having decided from the first to 
 build a hotel unsurpassed, he should have collected all the excel- 
 lencies of all of them and combined them in his plan of the 
 magnificent structure which graces the city in the region of 
 State and Monroe streets, and which is rapidly approaching 
 completion.
 
 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 'VMf-^/i^Mj Sjyn
 
 The City and its Interests. 39 
 
 Of the public buildings of the new city, probably the one 
 that has attained the widest fame, and the one contemplated 
 with greatest interest by the general community, is the Grand 
 Pacific Hotel, now prominent by its magnitude, the outward 
 magnificence of its architectural form, and the splendor of its 
 internal equipment, among the great and notable structures of 
 modern times. The original project for the building of this 
 great edifice was formed several years previous to the fire, 
 Mr. H. M. Smith procuring a charter for the "Pacific Hotel 
 Company" in 1868. Studies for the hotel were then made on 
 an elaborate and exhaustive scale among the great cities of 
 Europe and America. The plans then adopted and followed in 
 the construction of the building which was near to completion 
 at the date of the conflagration, have been adhered to in essen- 
 tial particulars in the second great structure. 
 
 The building covers an entire block of ground, fronting 325 
 feet on Jackson street, 190 feet on Clark street, and 180 feet on 
 LaSalle street. The style of the building, both external and 
 internal, is modern French. The cost of the edifice, by the 
 estimates of the architect, W. W. Boyington, was $1,000,000, 
 exclusive of furniture, decoration and equipment, which, with 
 the ground at a reasonable valuation, would aggregate a total 
 cost of $2,500,000. It will be conceived, readily and naturally 
 enough, that to bring to perfection a labor of such magnitude 
 likely to stand for two centuries as one of the proudest orna- 
 ments of this imperial city, destined to renown wide enough to 
 traverse the seas and extend around the world that the manu- 
 facturing enterprise, mechanical skill, and general material 
 wealth and resources of the city, have been levied upon some- 
 what heavily. 
 
 The proprietors of the Grand Pacific are George W. Gage, 
 David A. Gage and John A. Rice ; T. B. Gaskell, manager and 
 steward ; T. G. Parker, book-keeper ; George H. Fassett and 
 S. W. Parker, room clerks ; Jesse Hepple, late of the Tremont, 
 and Charles D. Weatherbea, cashiers; John Hickey, night clerk.
 
 Chicago ami licr Exposition* 
 
 T 
 
 HE NEW SHERMAN. 
 
 One of the prominent and conspicuous features in the splen- 
 did architecture of the rebuilt city, and one that will be a 
 subject of interest and curiosity to the great public of strangers 
 and visitors during the days of the Exposition, is the new Sher- 
 man House on the old site corner of Clark and Randolph 
 streets. The popularity of the old Sherman, one of the richest, 
 handsomest, best managed, and most elaborately appointed 
 hotels in the world, extended over more than one continent, 
 and across more than one sea, co-extensive with the broad fame 
 of the city ; and the destruction of the proud edifice so well 
 remembered as a princely, beautiful and hospitable home by 
 hosts of travelers from the remotest quarters of the globe, was 
 lamented to the bounds of civilization. The rebuilding of 
 that great public home became a subject of public solicitude 
 and interest, and the completion of the present edifice, and the 
 opening of its hospitable doors to Chicago and the world, on 
 the loth of April, last, under the auspices of C. S. Munson, 
 Esq., was a memorable incident in the history of modern
 
 The City and its Interests. 4 1 
 
 hotels. An effect, probably never produced before by any s'mi- 
 lar event, was that the opening of the new house, on a scale of 
 luxurious elegance unparalleled before in our history, instantly 
 changed the rank and grade of all the hotel establishments in 
 the community. 
 
 The new building, costing just twice as much as the former 
 structure, seven stories in height, of a beautiful gray free-stone, 
 modern Italian in style, is conspicuous by height and magnitude, 
 the perfect unity of its architectural proportions, and the classic 
 style of decoration visible in its splendid frontage. It has been 
 pronounced the handsomest building in the world, while in fur- 
 niture and general equipment and accommodation, it will bear 
 a favorable comparison with the grandest palaces of public 
 entertainment ever opened in Europe or America. 
 
 The proprietor, N. C. Munson, Esq., is a Boston capitalist. 
 The manager, C. S. Munson, Esq., brother of the proprietor, 
 has been for twenty-two years a resident of the West. His rep- 
 utation as a first-class hotel-keeper was fully and permanently 
 established by his able and popular management of the late 
 famous Grand Central Hotel on Michigan Avenue, which will 
 be remembered by the great community of travelers, as the 
 best furnished, best regulated and best kept hotel in Chicago up 
 to the date of the opening of the second Sherman. It was 
 with an eye wide open to business, that Mr. C. S. Munson 
 secured the lease of the Sherman House at an early day after 
 the fire. The success of the new Sherman has been beyond the 
 most sanguine expectations of its proprietor and of its manager,, 
 the house having early established, even among Eastern and 
 rival cities, an enviable fame, not less for the liberal and popu- 
 lar plan of its management, than the costly luxuriance of its 
 equipment and furniture, every article of the latter having been 
 made to order by the Chicago manufacturers, A. L. Hale & Bro.
 
 Chicago ami her Exposition. 
 
 BRIGGS HOUSE. 
 
 Among the great hotels which have united their attractions 
 to stimulate the growth of the city, is tjie time-honored Briggs 
 House, one of the deplorable losses in the great conflagration, 
 and lately rebuilt in an improved and loftier form, and after the 
 modern plan. Its location, corner Fifth Avenue and Randolph, 
 directly in the business middle of the city, gives it a commanding 
 advantage. The Briggs is a lofty and beautiful edifice of light 
 stone, six clear stories above the basement, ,has 130 large and 
 airy rooms, with a strictly modern system of equipment, furniture, 
 and hotel accessories, conveniences, luxuries and appointments, 
 including splendid passenger elevator, bath rooms, hot and cold 
 water for every room, comfortable parlors, etc. The propri- 
 etors, Messrs. Edward Rickords and A. J. Huntoon, are favorably 
 known to the world of travelers, Mr. Rickords having been 
 long connected with the American and Clarendon of Buffalo, 
 and the International of Niagara Falls; Mr. Huntoon for eight 
 or ten years with the Fifth Avenue of New York.
 
 The City and its Interests. 43 
 
 A. W. MILLER'S MARBLE PALACE. 
 
 An interesting incident in this final period of reconstruction, 
 constituting a new date in the history of the jewelry trade, 
 just as the new city is receiving its finishing touches of archi- 
 tectural splendor, is the completion of Mr. A. H. MILLER'S new 
 ornamental block, Nos. 183, 185 and 187 Wabash Avenue, 
 designed for the accommodation, on a large and somewhat 
 magnificent scale, of Mr. MILLER'S great popular traffic in this 
 important branch of our general commerce. The building is a 
 five-story structure, 175 X5o feet, of conspicuous and command- 
 ing height, fwith a wide frontage of pure and classic beauty, 
 forming a conspicuous ornament in the most splendid neighbor- 
 hood of business palaces to be seen on the continent, with an 
 internal construction and equipment, and a general splendor of 
 decoration, finish, fixtures, furniture and appointments, unsur- 
 passed by any palace of jewelry in the world. Mr. MILLER will 
 be familiarly remembered by a whole* public of friends and 
 acquaintances, and by a large proportion of the business popu- 
 lation of the Northwest, as the oldest practical jeweler in our 
 city, and as proprietor, in the days long preceding the great 
 conflagration, of a jewelry palace on Randolph and Clark street 
 which was admired as a public ornament and a public attraction, 
 and surpassing in v the wealth, extent and variety of stock, as 
 well as in the general outfit of the premises, any similar estab- 
 lishment in the West. Mr. MILLER began the business in the 
 early days of the republic, in the times of our uncles and grand- 
 fathers, under the old Marine Bank on La Salle street. His 
 location afterwards, and for many years, was at corner Clark and 
 Lake streets, and his removal thence to jnore stately quarters 
 corner Randolph and Clark, constituted a memorable incident 
 in our local history. Previous to the fire, Mr. MILLER had made 
 elaborate improvements in the fixtures and equipments of his
 
 44 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 factory and salesrooms, at a cost of $60,000. His losses by the 
 ire were notably severe ; all of his stock which was rescued 
 from conflagration becoming afterward the plunder of thieves. 
 The occupancy of this splendid edifice by Mr. MILLER as 
 the new seat and headquarters of his great trade in jewelry, 
 and his recent opening in a grandly appropriate style, in 
 keeping with the magnificence of his new premises, of a grand 
 invoice of Foreign and American jewelry, embracing every 
 modern feature of the business, in gold and silver and diamond, 
 as well as an immense outfit in fancy and toilet articles appro- 
 priate to the department, is an incident of public interest, 
 entitling him to public congratulation, and a popular welcome 
 back again to the rebuilt district. 
 
 THE BOWEN BLOCK. 
 
 ENOS BROWN & CO. 
 
 The Bowen block, known to the community as the seat of a 
 considerable manufacturing interest and of several departments 
 of commerce, in which are located the Chicago Wool House of 
 Enos Brown & Co., the great auction salesrooms of William A. 
 Butters & Co., the Harris Safe Factory, and the office and head- 
 quarters of Messrs. Sargent, Greenleaf & Brooks, for the exposi- 
 tion and sale of the far-famed Sargent & Greenleaf locks and that 
 most admirable and useful invention, the patent adjustable elbow, 
 is located on Randolph street, between Wabash and Michigan 
 avenues. The house of Enos Brown & Co., (Enos Brown, 
 James H. Bowen, George S. Bowen, Chauncey T. Bowen), oc- 
 cupying that portion of the block included in 19 and 21 Ran- 
 dolph street, was organized in 1869 for the transaction of a 
 general business in cotton and wool manufacturers' supplies, 
 dye-stuffs and wool and woolen goods. The sales the first year 
 amounted to but $75,000. but were developed in a very brief 
 period to large proportions, increased facilities being from time 
 to time necessary to manipulate the increasing trade. In 1870
 
 The City and its Interests. ^c 
 
 the firm assumed the wool business of Reynolds, Reed & Co., 
 passed through the fire with terrible losses but resumed imme- 
 diately after promptly meeting all liabilities in full and trasacted 
 the first year after the fire a business of $1,000,000. Enos 
 Brown & Co. handle wool after a somewhat comprehensive 
 fashion, the business being of a more general and thorough 
 character and combining a greater variety of operations than 
 any similar establishment in the country, combining a very 
 large traffic as wholesale dealers in the raw material of wool 
 with building factories for making the goods and then selling 
 the manufactured products, so that farmers wanting to know 
 where their wool all goes to and merchants curious to know 
 where their woolen fabrics come from, find a solution of their 
 problems at the same place. Dimensions of the block, 120 by 
 158 feet ; five stories and basement. 
 
 HARRIS' SAFE MANUFACTORY 
 
 is also located in the Bowen block, (23 and 25 Randolph) 
 the first floor being used as exhibition and salesroom and the 
 upper, floors for the factory. Several years previous to the fire, 
 Mr. S. H. Harris was engaged in business in Chicago as agent 
 for a celebrated safe manufactory in Boston. Believing that he 
 could effect some important practical improvements in safes, 
 Mr. Harris undertook the business of manufacturer. Turning 
 out the first year twenty-five of those model safes which have 
 since given so much satisfaction to our merchants and bankers, 
 who now give them preference over all others of eastern or out- 
 side manufacture, the capacity of the factory, under the steady 
 encouragement extended to him, has increased to proportions 
 that now enable him to turn out work to the amount of near 
 $500,000 per annum, in safes and the iron works of fire and 
 burglar proof vaults. The Harris safes stood the test of the 
 great fire triumphantly, have given eminent satisfaction to the 
 mercantile community, and afford a good illustration of our 
 home talent and home resources for competing with the world 
 in manufactures.
 
 1 46 Chicago and her Reposition. 
 
 SARGENT, GREENLEAF & BROOKS, 
 
 also have their office and headquarters in the Bowen block, (first 
 floor, 25 Randolph street). They combine the sale of the Sar- 
 gent & Greenleaf combination and key locks with the manufac- 
 ture and sale of the patent adjustable elbow for stoves, furnaces, 
 conductors and other pipes. This manufacture commenced in 
 October, 1872, and their elbows, which now rank among the 
 great modern inventions, are used in every section of the whole 
 wide land. The elbow factory is on the upper floor of the Bowen 
 block. Sargent & Greenleaf manufacture their locks at Roch- 
 ester, N. Y., and, in addition to their office here, they have 
 salesrooms in Boston, New York, St. Louis and San Francisco. 
 Their celebrated combination lock is now adopted by the U. S. 
 Government and used by the heaviest banks and business houses 
 in the country. Their beautiful mortise key locks, with their 
 small flat keys, are becoming universal favorites, and can be 
 seen on the finest blocks and buildings of rebuilt Chicago. 
 
 THE OLDEST AUCTION HOUSE IN THE WEST. 
 
 The east division of the Bowen block, included in Nos. 15 and 
 1 7 Randolph street, is occupied as the auction salesrooms and 
 commission house of William A. Butters & Co., the oldest and 
 wost extensive establishment of the kind in the West. The firm 
 was organized near a quarter of a century ago in the old 
 McCarthy building, 99 Dearborn street, the sales of general 
 merchandise, and latterly of real estate, reaching since that date 
 the enormous aggregate of over $60,000,000. Mr. Butters was 
 officially appointed auctioneer of the grand Exposition.
 
 The City and its Interests. 47 
 
 PHINA, CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE, 
 
 IRA P. BOWEN & CO. 
 
 In that very interesting and very important department of 
 commerce, included in china, glassware and crockery, the firm 
 of Ira P. Bowen & Co. may properly be mentioned as repre- 
 senting popular interests in this branch of trade. The house is 
 a succession in regular line to the ancient firm of Bowen Bros., 
 afterwards Bowen, Whitman & Winslow, then Byrne, Bowen & 
 Co., the last in the succession preceding the present firm. Ira 
 P. Bowen & Co. were located at the date of the great conflagra- 
 tion at 107 Wabash avenue, their store in those days being 
 regarded as the headquarters of the community generally for the 
 finer class of china, glasswares and crockery merchandise. The 
 firm now occupy the spacious and handsome four-story edifice, 
 262 and 264 Wabash avenue, the first floor affording a mammoth 
 private "exposition" of plain and fancy goods in china and 
 glass and other wares, lamp goods, silver-plate ware, kerosene 
 chandeliers, decorated china sets of matchless beauty and in 
 bewildering variety, varying from $55 to $500, white china sets 
 of 150 pieces, all for $35, specialties in table sets, cologne 
 sets, vases, smoking sets, toilet bottles, jardeniers, fancy lamps, 
 etc. The upper floors of the building are devoted principally 
 to -the storage, exposition and sale of goods more appropriate to 
 the jobbing trade. The establishment is provided with a very 
 full and very elaborate outfit in hotel goods, and has furnished 
 the kitchens and dining rooms of many of our new hotels their 
 equipment in glass, china and crockery. Their display of 
 wares at the grand Exposition will attract general attention. 
 Strangers visiting the city during the days of the Exposition, 
 especially hotel -keepers and house-keepers, will find much to 
 attract and please and interest them in the magnificent display 
 of all varieties of the merchandise named above, at Ira P. 
 Bowen & Co.'s.
 
 48 Chit, ago and htr Exposition. 
 
 BABCOCK FIRE ENGINE WORKS. 
 
 No manufacturing company in existence has come to be 
 better known throughout the country than the Babcock Manu- 
 facturing Company, whose portable extinguisher is accepted 
 as one of the great necessities of the age, an invention that 
 contemplates the practical good of the race, and has now a sale 
 and use wherever there are such signs of civilization as 
 cook stoves or sewing machines. Any notice of the manufac- 
 turing interests of the great new city would be imperfect with- 
 out mention of the manufactory of the Babcock Company, 
 corner Desplaines and Mather streets. Though an original 
 Chicago organization, the operations of the company embrace 
 a national territory, and is sustained by a national patronage, 
 extending from New York to San Francisco, so that the Babcock 
 Extinguisher has Become familiar wherever there is property 
 enough to make fire a formidable enemy to society. The 
 sales of the portable machines average nearly twelve thousand 
 annually, while the large fire and stationary engines, now 
 accepted by private corporations and the fire authorities of our 
 cities and towns as a great improvement over all former inven- 
 tions, cannot be manufactured fast enough to supply the de- 
 mand. Lately the company have increased their manufacturing 
 facilities by the erection of an additional factory, employing 
 two hundred and fifty hands. Nearly every insurance company 
 in the land have advocated the use of the Babcock fire apparatus; 
 the U. S. Government has adopted it, supplying all the great 
 military posts with it, and the public opinion of the world has 
 endorsed it. Its principle is as follows : Carbonic acid gas is 
 heavier than the atmosphere. Fire is the combustion of oxygen, 
 and cannot burn a second without oxygen. The contents of 
 the Extinguisher a liquid gas many times more dense than air 
 shut off the supply of oxygen and instantly smother the fire.
 
 The City and its Interests. 49 
 
 rowing a compound as harmless as water, it will concentrate 
 
 .jon the fire five times the quantity of carbonic acid gas that 
 
 can be applied in any other way. The splendid new offices 
 
 and exposition rooms of the company are in Tuthill King's 
 
 block, northwest corner of Washington and Dearborn streets. 
 
 THE WESTERN NEWS POMPANY. 
 
 The Western News Company, who are probably known to a 
 larger public and who hold wider actual relations with the mer- 
 cantile communities of Chicago and all the Northwest than any 
 other business corporation, have occupied since early in April 
 their new edifice, Nos. 42 and 44 East Randolph street, a capa- 
 cious four-story building, 50 x 104 feet dimensions, beautiful 
 white stone front, and designed and constructed with special 
 reference to the convenient manipulation of a traffic in news, 
 periodicals, school books, stationery, and general literature, 
 which has been developed in a brief history of about twelve 
 years into gigantic and national proportions. 
 
 The Western News Company is a succession to the private 
 business of John R. Walsh (now President of the company), 
 who inaugurated a retail trade in periodical literature and sta- 
 tionery in March, 1861, at the corner of Custom House Place 
 and Madison street and seems to have been organized upon 
 the idea of reducing the news business, with its accessory fea- 
 tures of stationery, school books and general literature, to a 
 system and a convenience on a public and universal scale, the 
 news business having been, up to the date of this organization, 
 without system, without method, without a Western center or 
 headquarters. It was to reduce this vast, unlimited but loose, 
 irregular and scattered traffic into a legitimate department of 
 commerce, and to establish channels in a thousand directions 
 for a wholesale trade that would supply, with the regularity,
 
 5O Cliicago and her Exposition. 
 
 economy and convenience of method and management, a nation 
 of dealers and patrons, representing the territory of a dozen 
 populous states, with the staple products of literature. This 
 idea has been developed to a practical triumph of immense 
 significance having a direct bearing upon the interests of a great 
 public, and the Western News Company, in addition to a wide, 
 popular traffic in school books, school equipments and general 
 literature, are now in absolute control of the news business of 
 the entire Northwest, with a patronage numbering thousands of 
 names, and supplying every dealer in a range of many hundred 
 of miles. The new building and headquarters of the company 
 will be one of the popular objects of interest and curiosity to 
 visitors during the Exposition. 
 
 FINE FT 
 
 URNITURE. 
 
 A. L. HALE & BRO. 
 
 Of the endlessly varied assortment of goods and wares 
 selected from our stores and factories, and conspicuously dis- 
 played at the Exposition, as specimen products of the taste, 
 skill, enterprise and resources of a great practical, mercantile 
 and manufacturing city, no exhibition will excite more general 
 admiration than the display of household furniture, including 
 splendidly ornamental chamber sets, from the furniture manufac- 
 tory and salesrooms of A. L. Hale & Brother, Chicago. This 
 great factory, where was turned out all the gorgeous furniture of 
 the new Sherman House (claimed to be the finest and costliest 
 hotel-outfit in the world), has achieved a wide and enviable dis- 
 tinction among the furniture-dealers of the country, not less by 
 the honest and substantial quality of mechanical workmanship 
 characteristic of their wares, than by the cultivated taste and 
 high and elaborate finish of the vast quantities of fine and fancy 
 work turned out by them, whether on special orders of hotels
 
 The City and its Interests. 5 1 
 
 and housekeepers, or the general demand of retailers and job- 
 bers of furniture. The magnificent specimens of their manu- 
 facturing skill on display at the Exposition, and which will give 
 them a favorable comparison with the oldest and most renowned 
 factories of Europe and our eastern cities, will bring the house 
 still more prominently before the public. The great wholesale 
 and retail furniture house of A. L. Hale & Bro. is located at 10, 
 12, 14 and 16 North Canal street. The building is one of great 
 capacity, five stories and basement, of quadruple width and over 
 200 feet depth. All this vast space, with the exception of the 
 fifth floor devoted to manufacturing and finishing, is used for 
 storage, display and sale, in vast amounts, of their magnificent 
 manufactured wares. An item illustrating the magnitude of the 
 stock commonly on storage, is a constant average of seven or 
 eight hundred chamber sets, a large proportion being ornate 
 and highly-finished patterns. 
 
 The firm of A. L. Hale & Bro. enjoy a reputation as manu- 
 facturers of fine furniture, extending to the remotest points of 
 the Northwest ; and among special orders which the house is 
 now filling, from a distance, is a heavy order for supplying the 
 entire outfit of the U. S. Custom House at St. Paul, Minnesota. 
 All the furniture of the U. S. Marine Hospital, in the suburbs, 
 has also been ordered from this house, and is now being manu- 
 factured. Visitors to the city, feeling an interest in this impor- 
 tant branch of our manufactures, will find abundant entertain- 
 ment in a visit to the factory and salesrooms, 10, 12, 14 and 16 
 North Canal street.
 
 5 2 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE LARGEST BUSINESS IN THE WORLD. 
 
 Chicago now boasts of a music warehouse that does a larger 
 general trade in pianos than any other establishment in the 
 world, a larger monthly and yearly average of sales being 
 made at the great piano and organ warerooms of W. W. Kim- 
 baii, corner State and Adams street, than at any similar house 
 in Europe or America. Mr. Kimball, aside from the agency of 
 Smiths' American Organ, the Great Union, the Kimball and 
 other pianos, has long been the exclusive wholesale agent, for 
 the Northwest, of the Hallet & Davis Piano of Boston, the 
 finest musical instrument in the world. For the convenience 
 of persons desiring special accommodations, Mr Kimball has 
 inaugurated a popular system of renting and sales by monthly 
 or quarterly instalments. Visitors during the Exposition will 
 always be sure of a cordial welcome and polite attentions at the 
 great piano warehouse. 
 
 LURIOSITIES IN JEWELRY. 
 
 The display of fine jewelry, silverwares and fancy articles at 
 the Exposition, by the Chicago firm of A. B. Van Cott & Co., 
 No. 124 State street, includes many splendid specimens of taste 
 and invention in that finest of all the mechanical arts, and will 
 attract the attention of all. The list includes a great variety of 
 massive and solid silver table-wares, noticeable among which are 
 a beautiful solid silver pitcher with two goblets, price $350 ; a 
 dining set of 160 pieces, in an elegant wooden case lined with 
 satin, valued at #850 ; one solid tea set, price $700; an engi- 
 neer's silver inkstand, a graceful and delicate piece of workman- 
 ship, finely worked and tastefully embellished, appropriate for a
 
 The City and its Interests. 5 3 
 
 masonic or other presentation, price, $250; butter cup, salt and 
 egg spoon set, price, $150 ; boquet holders, fish knives, etc., a 
 silver berry dish, $125 ; nut spoon and picks, $90; set of ice 
 cream spoons $100; fine Jurgensen sporting watches, stem-wind- 
 ers, $450 to ^550 ; a pearl cross, decorated with small diamonds, 
 a gem, $450. The list also includes several curiosities and won- 
 ders of mechanical invention ; larks and blue-birds with curious 
 attachments, which enable them to open their bills and warble and 
 sing with clear voices the natural notes of the wilderness ; Geneva 
 clocks which perform, in addition to turning hour and minute 
 hands, a multitude of other and useful functions, indicate 
 changes of the moon, the day of month and week, changes of 
 temperature and of weather, by barometer and th'ermometor, etc. 
 The firm of A. B. Van Cott & Co. was originally a New 
 York house, and was organized just half a century ago. The 
 house has been known in the West since 1844, the location in 
 Chicago at the date of the conflagration, as all will remember, 
 being at No. 107 Lake street. The new quarters of the firm 
 are in the beautiful marble building No. 124 State street. The 
 house has been justly celebrated, during a period of many years, 
 for the taste and elegance of their solid silver wares ; fine dining 
 sets having always been made a specialty. Their assortment of 
 bronzes and French clocks is considered also equal to that of 
 the largest houses in New York and the East. The firm deal 
 largely iri Swiss and American watches, diamonds, and fancy 
 jewelry in all its branches. 
 
 POPULAR AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 FOLEY'S BILLIARD HALL. 
 
 No general description of the improvements and charac- 
 teristic features of the new city would be complete without 
 reference to institutions established in the interest of popular
 
 54 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 amusements, and a brief notice of Foley's palace billiard hall, 
 on Clark street, will be appropriate to this connection as special 
 and representative in character, and illustrating the modern 
 tone and large and generous style that distinguishes every de- 
 partment of industry and enterprise, not less than the splendid 
 architecture that has carried the fame of our new streets and 
 avenues around the world. Foley's billiard hall is regarded as 
 the handsomest, best equipped, most thoroughly appointed 
 establishment of the kind on the continent, none of the 
 Eastern palaces erected in the interest of this popular game be- 
 ing of a character to rival the costly magnificence of its accom- 
 modations, the architectural splendor of the apartments, the 
 gorgeous decoration of the walls and ceiling, or the modern 
 elegance of its furniture and fixtures. The hall is one of great 
 magnitude, with nearly ten thousand square feet of floor, with 
 high frescoed ceilings, like the ceilings of a church, and, but 
 for the presence of the green cloth and billiard furniture, would 
 present the aspect of a magnificent chamber of commerce. 
 Some idea of the extent of the accommodations may be formed 
 from the book-keeper's record, indicating an average of over 
 eight hundred games daily, during the busy days of the season. 
 A feature of the hall is a handsome gallery of appropriate 
 dimensions, at the west end of the saloon, for the regular 
 accommodation of lady spectators. This practical courtesy to 
 the ladies of Chicago has met a hearty appreciation, and on 
 the occasion of two memorable matinees tendered them by Mr. 
 Foley, on the 28th of January last, the day of opening, and on 
 the ist of the present month of September, the great hall was 
 thronged by the light feet of a thousand fair women, to 
 whom billiards had heretofore been a mystery or a forbidden 
 enchantment.
 
 The City and its Interests, 5 5 
 
 f 
 
 IELD, LEITEF^ & Co. 
 
 The dry goods house of Field, Leiter & Co., of Chicago, 
 in the magnitude of its business, is the third largest of the kind 
 in America, and when that is said it means the third largest in 
 the world, for there are no establishments in Europe which can 
 compare with H. B. Claflin & Co., and A. T. Stewart of New 
 York, Field, Leiter & Co., of Chicago, or houses of even two 
 or three degrees lesser extent in this country. In a synopsis of 
 the business interests of Chicago, the subject of this article very 
 naturally occupies the most prominent position, for it stands, 
 in fact, at the Very head and front of all the financial under- 
 takings of the city. The name of Field, Leiter & Co. is almost 
 as familiar to the country as Chicago itself. 
 
 Before passing, in this hasty sketch, to speak of the opera- 
 tions of the firm, it will interest the reader to give an idea of 
 its origin. Mr. Field and Mr. Leiter are both young men. 
 They were both in the firm of Cooley, Wadsworth & Co., on 
 Lake Street, many years ago, Mr. Field being salesman and Mr. 
 Leiter in the office. When the firm name became Cooley, Far- 
 well & Co., Messrs. Field and Leiter were partners, and re- 
 mained so when the name was again changed to Farwell, Field 
 & Co. In 1863 they retired, and formed the present firm of 
 Field, Leiter & Co., buying out Potter Palmer on Lake street. 
 From Lake street they moved to the corner of State and Wash- 
 ington, where they remained until the fire, when they were 
 swept away with the rest of the business portion of the city. 
 Ten days after the fire they commenced building at the corner 
 of Madison and Market, and opened their new store there on 
 the 4th of March following. This structure, which is of red 
 brick, is 200 feet front by 90 feet deep, and is five stories high. 
 It has heretofore comprised both the wholesale and retail de- 
 partments, but after the removal of the retail department to the
 
 56 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 new building at State and Washington, it will be devoted 
 entirely to the wholesale branch of the business. 
 
 . Messrs. Field, Leiter & Co. expect to move into their new 
 building about the ist of October. It will be the finest re- 
 tail store and building, for that purpose, in the world, with 
 the exception of A. T. Stewart's in New York. The first 
 floor will be devoted to general dry goods ; the second to 
 shawls, cloaks, suits, furs, ladies and children's underwear, 
 mourning goods, woolens, etc.; the third to carpets and uphol- 
 stery; and the fourth and fifth to the manufacturing of goods. 
 Their wholesale and retail buildings are connected by an inde- 
 pendent line of telegraph. 
 
 This firm does a business amounting to twenty millions a 
 year. They employ one thousand men and one thousand sew- 
 ing women. They have offices in Manchester, England, in 
 Paris, and at different points in this country, where their 
 agents are constantly purchasing. It is a fact certainly worthy 
 of remark, that they do an entirely cash business, their agents 
 in both countries paying for the goods when the transactions 
 are made. The stables of the firm in this city contain over 
 eighty horses, all used in the business, and they comprise some 
 of the finest stock, for that purpose, in the country. 
 
 All in all, the firm of Field, Leiter & Co. is the chief boast 
 of Chicago. Outside of the figures given, it is impossible to 
 convey to the mind of the reader an idea of the immense 
 amount of business that is done within the walls of the building 
 in a day, the thousands of people who come and go, and the 
 thousands of dollars and the thousand different articles that 
 change hands. To get an idea of it, the reader must visit the 
 establishment, himself, where he will see something to talk 
 about for the remainder of a lifetime.
 
 The City and its Interests. 57 
 
 THE FI 
 
 INE RT NSTITUTE. 
 
 ITS INCEPTION AND MANAGEMENT. 
 
 In the development of a country the fine arts will only 
 receive attention when the foundations have been well laid, 
 and time can be secured for the cultivation of an aesthetic 
 taste. For so young a city, Chicago had secured before the fire 
 an admirable position in art, and among her citizens were 
 many who judiciously owned the best works of prominent 
 artists. Though the disaster of 1871 swept away much prop- 
 erty, and the choicest treasures of private galleries, yet a little 
 remained, and our solid men have been able to add many truly 
 valuable works. 
 
 Among the heavy importers of paintings, Chicago has long 
 been considered a valuable patron, purchasing more freely 
 good work than any other Western city. Yet it is only about 
 ten years ago that the artists, Ford, Reed and Volk, began to be 
 known in Chicago, and most of the knights of the brush and 
 the chisel have- secured patronage in this city during the last 
 five years. 
 
 No one man can have the honor of fostering the growth of 
 an interest in art more truly than J. F. Aitken, who came to 
 this city nine years ago, after being associated with Williams, 
 Stevens & Williams, and other noted art-firms in the city of New 
 York. His connection with these dealers not only made him 
 acquainted with the true value of the works of important ar- 
 tists, but fitted him to be a valuable medium between the 
 authors and purchasers of pictures, impartially protecting the 
 interests of both parties. His first permanent position in Chi- 
 cago was as the manager of the Crosby Opera House Art 
 Gallery, which became famous through the whole country under 
 his judicious management. Here, at the annual receptions, 
 gathered the wealth and fashion of the Garden City, and the
 
 58 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 true lovers of art enjoyed the privilege of examining works by 
 eminent foreign, as well as promising American artists. The 
 variety afforded to the public, the taste displayed in the ar- 
 rangement, and Mr. Aitken's influence with Eastern artists, and 
 dealers, combined to make the Art Gallery an attractive place 
 of resort. And as many of the finest paintings which had a 
 permanent position in the gallery belonged to Albert Crosby, 
 Esq., his testimony to the efficiency and superior business man- 
 agment of Mr. Aitken is very important. When the heart of 
 our city was being swept away by fire, the decisive action of the 
 manager saved all of the finest canvases, and now thirty-six of 
 them can be seen on the walls of the gallery of the Art Institute. 
 The fifty-one pictures saved from the Opera House were worth 
 #65,000, and the one hundred and eight burned were valued at 
 $25,000. 
 
 After the great conflagration the friends of Mr. Aitken 
 urged him to make another collection, and, abandoning all 
 other plans, he opened his own gallery September 7, 1872, in 
 Almini's building with a collection very creditable to a ruined 
 city. The support which the public gave to the gallery, and the 
 freedom with which liberally-minded men subscribed for the an- 
 nual tickets, encouraged a few earnest men to organize the Fine 
 Art Institute which would both maintain a gallery and good 
 schools to art. As soon as the Institute was incorporated, the 
 officers received offers from owners of buildings and finally they 
 accepted the second and third stories of the new building at the 
 corner of Michigan avenue and Van Buren street, which is now 
 only a block south of the Exposition building. 
 
 Very naturally, J. F. Aitken was elected the first general 
 manager, and under his supervision a gallery sixty by thirty- 
 seven feet and twenty-five feet high, with a good skylight, was 
 constructed and studios and school-rooms were fitted up in the 
 third story. Good instructors were secured for the schools, a 
 commencement was" made for an art library, and a number of 
 citizens became life members of the Institute. At the first elec- 
 tion, J. V. Le Moyne was chosen President ; Ferd. W. Peck, 
 Vice-President, and J. E. Lockwood, Treasurer. The schools
 
 The City and its Interests. 59 
 
 were patronized by a large number of pupils, and the privileges 
 of the rudimentary drawing class were made free to all who 
 came properly recommended, which was the first inauguration 
 here of the principle of free art instruction. 
 
 After some delay in drying a new building and waiting for 
 promised pictures, the gallery was opened May 22, 1873, w i tn a 
 brilliant reception, which awakened memories of the happy 
 parties in the old Opera House. The works of art numbered 
 132, and in excellence they equalled any which had ever been 
 exhibited in this city. The collection had an especial interest, 
 for it was entirely a loan one, and consisted of such works of 
 art as could be found in a city which was just recovering from 
 a fearful blow. Our local artists contributed freely; Albert 
 Crosby munificently sent in his whole collection, which had 
 been saved through the personal efforts of Mr. Aitken. Other 
 prominent citizens loaned valuable paintings by F. E. Church, 
 Norton, Preyer, Heade, Gifford, Kensett and Tyler. 
 
 During the season the patrons of the gallery have had the 
 opportunity of examining the grand allegorical painting by E. 
 Armitage, which was a princely donation to the city, of in- 
 specting the important forest interior by H. C. Ford, and the 
 first marine piece from the talented Elkins. Most of the best 
 works of our artists have been, hung in the gallery as soon as they 
 were finished, and the portraits of many of our prominent citi- 
 zens have graced the walls. Prominent among these is the face 
 of Mayor Medill, by C. F. Schwerdt, which ably represents the 
 decided character of the man; then Collis was prolific in land- 
 scapes, some of which were remarkable in beautiful perspective ; 
 Robertson produced some fine figure pieces, and Brooks and 
 Mrs. Fassett excelled in crayon work. 
 
 A gallery, which is composed of loan contributions, is con- 
 stantly changing ; the works of artists being sold, and others 
 being returned to their owners, but, excepting a few large paint- 
 ings now in the Exposition, the visitors to the Institute gallery, 
 at the present time, find nearly all the important paintings of 
 the past season. Here is the unbroken Crosby collection, with 
 the famous Yo Semite of Bierstadt, the excellent figure piece,
 
 60 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 "After the Carnival," by A. Schonn, and the exquisite toilet 
 scene of Meyer von Bremen. These three alone are worthy of 
 long study, one for grandeur, another for skillful arrangement 
 of light and color as well as study of human character, and the 
 third for delicate finish. 
 
 Besides these, there are landscapes, figure pieces and bits of 
 nature from distinguished artists, both of this country and 
 of Europe. The statue of "Love," by David Richards, is worthy 
 of close examination, as representing the grace and sprightli- 
 ness of childhood, and in some positions the lines are beautiful 
 of Tadolini's crouching statue of "Eve after the Fall. Al- 
 though the Exposition required Mr. Aitken's services as the 
 manager of their gallery, yet he has not neglected the Institute, 
 and during the coming month he will be able to add many 
 attractions to the Institute collection; the schools will be re- 
 opened under competent instructors, and those who omit to 
 visit the Art Institute, in its pleasant location on the lake shore, 
 will miss one of the greatest attractions in Chicago to persons 
 of refinement and true culture. 
 
 MANHATTAN ARTIFICIAL MARBLE 
 
 AND ARTIFICIAL STONE. 
 
 Upon the right of the middle aisle in the south end, just 
 before reaching the small fountain, the visitor will find the 
 space of the Frear Artificial Stone Co. and Manhattan Marble 
 Works. The fittings consist of various devices in artificial 
 stone, including a handsome bay window. Mr. George A. 
 Frear, the original inventor of artificial stone and artificial mar- 
 ble is a resident of Chicago, and is personally superintending 
 his business in the manufacture of marble in the State of Illinois. 
 The works of the company are at the corner of Thirty-seventh 
 street and Lake avenue.
 
 The City and its Interests. 61 
 
 It is the only manufactured marble, and contains the same 
 ingredients as the natural a-ticle which is quarried out of the 
 earth. It takes a polish that is, if anything, finer than the 
 other, and is capable of sustaining an equal amount of strain. 
 It can be made into all shapes and in imitation of all the cele- 
 brated articles, the colors being blended and- veined in the 
 thickness and depth of the material as in the natural marble, 
 not being merely surface imitations, like graining or the colors 
 floated on enameled slate. It can be sawed, dressed, and fin- 
 ished equal to the finest and most costly material. It is infinitely 
 superior to all imitation marbles and combines, with greater 
 cheapness of production, the advantages of being harder, more 
 manageable, and more easily applied. 
 
 Nothing has ever been used equal to the effect of the Man- 
 hattan marble, and, like artificial stone, it will rank among the 
 most valuable inventions of the age. 
 
 Its great point is its cheapness, costing about, one-sixth of 
 the price of the natural article, and being as durable and beau- 
 tiful in every respect. Indeed, put a specimen of each side by 
 side and it is hard to tell the difference. 
 
 Works for the manufacture of this marble have been estab- 
 lished in New York, Boston, and other large cities, extending 
 even to California. A company, with a capital stock of 
 $600,000, has recently purchased the patent right for the 
 State of Missouri, and have established their works at St. Louis. 
 
 Every feature of this valuable invention points to success, 
 and bids fair to be one of the most prosperous patents of the 
 age.
 
 THE GUIDE PROPER. 
 
 This department of the book is intended to comprise a 
 mention of every object of especial interest in the Exposition, 
 and an extended notice will be given whenever a subject is 
 found to be deserving. .* 
 
 We intend to make this department such, that the visitor 
 shall depend upon it as a guide to every display that is worthy 
 of particular attention and examination. 
 
 The Exposition was formally thrown open to the public on 
 the evening of Thursday, September 25. It was estimated that 
 there were 25,000 people in attendance during the evening, and 
 the enthusiasm of the vast assemblage was, everywhere through- 
 out the hall, marked and emphatic. Expressions of commen- 
 dation for the admirable success of the Executive Committee 
 in the prompt and satisfactory execution of their great under- 
 taking were heard on all hands, and the people of Chicago were 
 justly jubilant and proud of the result. 
 
 Mr. N. S. Bouton, as Chairman of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, irl an address recounting the work done, formally 
 delivered over the building to the Board of Directors. In the 
 absence of Mr. Potter Palmer, Mr. W. F. Coolbaugh, one of the 
 vice-presidents, acted as President, and accepted the building 
 in an elaborate and practical speech. 
 
 Mayor Bond then delivered the address of welcome, which 
 was followed by speeches from Governor John L. Beveridge 
 and Senators John A. Logan and Oglesby. The exercises were 
 interspersed with music by Professor Hoffmann's band, which
 
 77/6' Guide Proper. 63 
 
 has been engaged to furnish the music during the continuance 
 of the Exposition. 
 
 The general appearance of the Exposition, is by far, more 
 impressive and pleasing than that of anything of the kind ever 
 gotten up in this country. This is owing, in a great degree, 
 to the admirable architectural arrangement of the building 
 the whole display, with the exception of the Art Gallery, being 
 visible to the eye at a glance. 
 
 Upon entering, the first object that attracts attention is the 
 oriental pagoda of Gunther, the great candy man. He has dis- 
 played unquestioned taste in the getting up of his establish- 
 ment. It is octagonal, resplendent with mirrors, and rich in 
 its burden of all sorts of the excellent confections for whose 
 manufacture Mr. Gunther deservedly has been placed at the 
 head of his line of trade in Chicago. The stock includes bon- 
 bons, bonboniers, chocolates, domestic and foreign candies, and 
 confectionery articles of the greatest variety, probably, ever 
 displayed in the West. These articles are for sale, and a dozen 
 men are kept busy day and night in dealing them out to the 
 eager throngs which continually press around the stand. In 
 connection with Mr. Gunther's display, and over near the door 
 of the Art Gallery, is the great Matthews' soda fountain, which 
 is undoubtedly the grandest single piece in the Exposition. It 
 was manufactured by John Matthews, of New York, the largest 
 and finest manufacturer of fountains in the world, and who has 
 taken premiums at London, New York, Paris and Vienna. 
 This is the finest soda fountain ever made. It is of the 
 purest marble, with silver and glass stands, nearly fifteen feet 
 high, and is in the shape of an octagonal pyramid. With 
 its elegant finishing, it is worthy of mention as a work of art. 
 Close beside it is the apparatus for the manufacture of the soda 
 water, which operation is open to the examination of visitors. 
 Gunther's soda is continually flowing, eight men being employed 
 at the fountain to dispense this delightful nectar.
 
 64 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE CENTER FOUNTAIN. 
 
 The large fountain, which is in the center of the hall and 
 directly opposite the main entrance, of necessity attracts the 
 attention of the visitor. It, with its tasteful surroundings, was 
 furnished by Messrs. Gould Bros. & Dibblee. It is thirty-one 
 feet high from the foundation, and has a diameter of forty feet. 
 The base is surrounded by an interesting collection of relics from 
 the fire, consisting of melted glass, china ware, iron and ruins 
 of all kinds. In the water there #re two floating lilies, with 
 streams of water spurting from the blossoms, which will attract 
 attention for their novelty. There are a number of devices 
 forming the subsidiary fountains, of which there are twelve, in- 
 cluding two standing callas, which are worthy of mention. 
 Around the fountain are groups of statuary, and various devices, 
 including sphynx, griffins, lions, tigers, dogs, etc. In the 
 water are artificial swans, ducks, frogs, etc., all from the firm of 
 Messrs. Gould Bros. & Dibblee. 
 
 4 
 
 THE ELEVATOR. 
 
 Very few visitors will fail to go up in the elevator. It af- 
 fords a splendid view of the city, and a look across the lake. 
 Besides the ride to the top of the building is something to talk 
 about. The elevator is 160 feet in height, and was put up by 
 the Crane Brothers Manufacturing Company. The crowd is so- 
 great, and it being impossible to accommodate all who apply, 
 the managers have decided to charge a fee of ten cents for each 
 passenger. Many persons who use elevators, or have ridden up 
 and down on them, know little of their mechanism. Here it is 
 all displayed for inspection. An examination of the self-act- 
 ing engine, the wheels winding the wire rope, etc., will prove- 
 interesting. 
 
 AMORY BIGELOW. 
 
 The Elgin Board of Trade is represented in this city by Mr. 
 Amory Bigelow, commission merchant, No. 101 South Water
 
 The Guide Proper. 65 
 
 street, and Mr. Bigelow has secured ample space, and has 
 displayed in the Exposition the various lacteal products of the 
 farmers and dairymen in the rich region around Elgin, from 
 which Chicago derives its main supply of good milk, and its 
 best cheese. Mr. Bigelow's place is on the right side, going 
 down, and near the south end of the hall. He is also agent for 
 the Benton Harbor Packing Company, and displays a large 
 amount of its goods, consisting of canned fruits and vegetables. 
 He has an attractive and massive pyramid of cans, comprising 
 over three thousand. It will be interesting to state, as giving 
 some idea of the extent of its business, that the company this 
 year has packed twenty thousand cases of their Evergreen Sugar 
 corn, each case containing two dozen cans, making four hun- 
 dred and eighty thousand cans of corn, besides two hundred 
 and forty thousand cans of tomatoes and hominy. 
 
 THE STANDARD MACHINE THE OLD BUCKEYE. 
 
 The finest fruits of the career of this successful machine are 
 on exhibition in the agricultural implement department in the 
 shape of mowers and reapers. These are not "show pieces," 
 they are working representations of the Standard Machine of 
 the country the first two-wheeled machine to succeed in prac- 
 tice, and the only one that has held the market for sixteen years. 
 Further, the "Buckeye" was not only first of its kind in time, 
 but, on ex-amination, will show that the machines exhibit real 
 advances in the improvements upon them. It is the general 
 belief that, as a mower, it cannot be excelled, at least such is its 
 history. 
 
 But the most important improvement is the new table-rake ; 
 it is unlike any other rake; it both compresses the gavel, de- 
 livers the gavel so as to have the heads away from the standing 
 grain, rakes it at will according as the grain stands, thick or 
 thin; and is so simple in its construction that it cannot add 
 materially to the draft over the ordinary dropper. The rake is 
 independent of the reel.
 
 66 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 Another great point with the "Buckeye" is its slow motion 
 for reaping. By a slight change, which is effected almost in- 
 stantly, the motion of the sickle is reduced one-half, and the 
 stroke doubled. This lessens the draft, reduces the friction, 
 and almost entirely makes the machine noiseless. It also has a 
 rolling motion, by which the cutter bar and reel can be raised 
 or lowered, while in motion, with a single lever. 
 
 C. Aultman & Co., 01 Canton, Ohio, have also one of their 
 celebrated "Sweepstakes" threshing machines and mounted 
 horse powers on exhibition. It would be well for all thresher- 
 men to examine the principal material mechanical execution and 
 practical utility of this machine. 
 
 THE ROOT WROUGHT- IRON SECTIONAL SAFETY 
 
 BOILER. 
 
 Of the two main boilers furnishing power to the Exposition 
 the Root Wrought-Iron Sectional Safety Boiler was the first in 
 place, and, a fact remarked by every exhibitor in the department 
 of machinery, it furnished for two weeks the whole of the power 
 used doing, with apparent ease, the work for which two boilers 
 were considered necessary.
 
 The Gnidf Proper. 67 
 
 This boiler is acknowledged by the most prominent en- 
 gineers in America and Europe to be the safest and most 
 economical boiler in use. Steam can be raised from cold water 
 in from ten to twenty minutes, abundant in quantity, and, ^-hat 
 is of the greatest importance, is perfectly DRY, a quality not 
 possessed by the steam from other boilers. For many years it 
 has been in use in many of the largest establishments in the 
 country many having ordered additional ones after satisfying 
 themselves, by actual use, of their superior qualities. One 
 engineer says: "I know one in Wayne Co., Michigan, that 
 has had hard usage in a saw-mill, and at the end of seven years 
 is as good as ever." These boilers are used for all purposes 
 (heating and power) for which steam is required, and are fur- 
 nished in sizes from three to one thousand horse-power. It is 
 constructed of uniform and interchangeable parts, and, besides 
 being safe from destructive explosions, can be easily enlarged, 
 and all parts are accessible for cleaning, repairs or removal. 
 There are over one thousand in use in the United States, and as 
 many more in England, on the continent of Europe, in the 
 West Indies, Mexico and various parts of South America. 
 Prize medals were awarded it at the American Institute, New- 
 York, Kings county, L. I., Atlanta, Ga., and New Orleans. 
 Also at the great Exposition in London and at Lima, Peru. At 
 all these places it was subjected to the severest critical tests. 
 It is especially adapted to the sales of engine builders and ma- 
 chinery dealers, as it is not necessary to keep a boiler of each 
 size on hand in order to have an assortment of sizes, but a 
 moderate stock of tubes, fitted with heads and return bends, 
 which can be put together to form any size required. 
 
 The company also manufacture trunk, square, and horizontal 
 engines, water and damper regulators, steam traps and other 
 articles for steam users. 
 
 The headquarters of the Root Steam Engine Co. is at 500 
 Second avenue, New York city. The Chicago office, 128 
 La Salle street, Isaac Russell, Agent.
 
 68 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE BABCOCK FIRE EXTINGUISHER. 
 
 The Babcock Fire Extinguisher is most admirably repre- 
 sented. Its space is near the elevator, in the north part of the 
 hall, and the display will not fail to attract attention. It con- 
 sists of a No. 3 fire engine, the next largest size of their make, 
 a hook-and-ladder truck, about three hundred hand-extinguish- 
 ers, and other articles necessary to the complete outfit of a fire 
 department. The Babcock Extinguisher has, by order of the 
 executive committee, been placed all over the building, and 
 the fire department has detailed an adequate force to work the 
 large engine*, in case of fire. This force is on duty day and 
 night. Mr. Jas. Smith, the gentlemanly agent of the Babcock, 
 is always on hand, and will cleverly explain to all the workings 
 of this admirable invention. 
 
 THE HAT AND CAP TRADE. 
 
 There are few among the oldest of our city residents to 
 whom the name and countenance of Brewster, the original 
 proprietor of the ancieht and famous Sherman House hat store, 
 has not been familiar during the past seventeen or eighteen 
 years. The location af this old and popular hat store was for 
 many years upon what afterward became the site of the first 
 Sherman House, and for ten years after the opening of the 
 hotel, and until the day of the conflagration, was identified 
 with the hum and busy life of that great establishment, and 
 known to the community and to visitors and strangers from 
 far and near, as the headquarters of our retail trade for the 
 very beat and most select manufactures of hats, caps, ladies' 
 furs, and fine classes of goods. After the fire the store was 
 re-established in branches on West Madison Street, and on 
 Twentieth Street opposite Field & Leiter's. The new and per- 
 manent location in the rebuilt district is in very handsome, 
 modern quarters at No. 134 Clark Street, corner Madison. Mr. 
 Brewster is the only Chicago agent of the " Dunlap" silk hat, 
 from the famous Fifth Avenue hatters, New York, the most pop- 
 ular dress hat ever manufactured. Perhaps the most complete
 
 The Guide Proper. 69 
 
 as well as most select assortment of fine hats, fine caps, fine 
 furs, etc., to be seen in any establishment in the West, is that 
 on private "exposition" at this popular store. 
 
 THE SEWING MACHINES. 
 
 The sewing machine people are all together in the first aisle 
 to the left upon entering. There are no less than fourteen dif- 
 ferent makes and they present a conspicuous array. The 
 tenacity of the sewing machine agent is something with which 
 the community, from the palace to the humble hut, is well ac- 
 quainted ; and it has become the fashion to consider him a sort 
 of semi-monster the terror of all housekeepers; but here he is 
 tame and we can lay our hand upon his mane and caress him, 
 he is so kind. In the Exposition he becomes a civil creature, 
 and polite withal ; ever ready to answer questions, and seldom 
 clinging to the innocent visitor, with an unending appeal to 
 buy one of his machines. In fact, the sewing machine people 
 of the Exposition, are clever and accommodating, always ready 
 to answer questions, and point out and explain the merits of 
 their machines, when requested to do so. 
 
 Going down the aisle from the door, we come first to the 
 Grover & Baker; then the Wheeler & Wilson, Remington, 
 Victor, Davis, A. W. Percy, (who has all kinds of machines) 
 Singer, Blees, Florence, Weed, American, Wilson, and Home. 
 On the opposite side of the aisle is the Goodrich tuck marker, 
 which deserves mention among the sewing machines, being an 
 appendage adjustable to any of them. 
 
 Before leaving this aisle, we will ask the visitor's attention 
 to several objects of interest in it. At the head of it, on the 
 left hand side, the first thing that attracts the eye is the display 
 of Brown Bros., sidewalk light manufacturers. This house is 
 claimed to do the largest business of the kind in the world, and 
 is a well-known Chicago institution. It has already been men- 
 tioned in our sketch of Mr. Edwin Lee Brown, who is a 
 member of the Executive Committee of the Exposition. 
 
 Adjoining Brown Bros., is a tastefully arranged display 01 
 saws and hardware, by Henry Disston & Sons.
 
 jo Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 Next is the Colburn confectionary exhibition, consisting of 
 a candy factory in practical operation. This will attract 
 unusual attention. 
 
 Several printing presses, and the Chicago type foundry in 
 operation, complete this side of the aisle. 
 
 BRICK MACHINES. 
 
 Coming to the end of the first aisle, we will turn around to 
 our left and come up the next, where we find a number of brick 
 machines, including the "American Brick Machine," "Gregg's 
 Excelsior Brick Press," with a model in operation, and " F. R. 
 Clarke's Portable Brick Machine." 
 
 MINING MACHINERY. 
 
 Crowded in among these machines, is some ponderous min- 
 ing machinery, which will attract attention. It is made by 
 Whelply & Storer, of Boston, and includes a crusher, and pul- 
 verizer. It was the original intention to have this in practical 
 operation, but the power required was too great. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 In the region of the brick machines is the display of the 
 Rochester (N. Y.) Manufacturing Co., consisting of one engine 
 and two cutting lathe machines, an upright and a horizontal 
 boring machine, and the Forsythe "Black Crook" moulding 
 machine. 
 
 Adjoining this, on our way up the aisle, is the display of 
 the Corrugated Elbow Co., Silver & Deming's meat choppers 
 and stuffers, shown by Edwin Hunt & Sons ; D. R. Sperry & 
 Co., hollow- ware, cauldrons, etc., Batavia, 111. ; a display of 
 wire-work ; and then the elegant domicile of the Elgin Watch 
 Co. This brings us to the end of the aisle. 
 
 We turn around to our left now, stopping to examine the 
 interesting process of making watches, and go down the next 
 aisle, which is the third one from the west wall. Here we find 
 hardware by ], L. Wayne & Son ; Parkhurst & Wilkinson with 
 their iron and wagon stock; tin-coated pipe by H. Lissberger, 
 and the display of the Illinois Iron Bolt Co., of Carpentersville.
 
 The Guide Proper. 7 1 
 
 THE GREAT BELL. 
 
 On the left-hand side of this aisle will be found the great 
 bell which deafens every body when it rings. It weighs 5,025 
 pounds, and was made by the Troy (N. Y.) Bell Foundry. It 
 now belongs to the Temple Baptist Church of Chicago, being 
 a present from Mr. N. F. Ravlin. 
 
 STOVES. 
 
 The stove men now attract our attention. There are four- 
 teen large firms and foundries represented, and they spread 
 over a large amount of space. The exhibitors are Merwin 
 Church, S. H. Rathbone & Co., Chicago Stove Works, A. E. 
 Leavenworth, Burdett, Smith & Co., Ben. E. Givaudan & Tres- 
 ted, Jr., Bangs Bros., Tillotson Bros. & Co., Fuller, Warren & 
 Co., Cooperative Foundry Co., of Rochester, N. Y., Tibbals, 
 Shirk & Whitehead, of Erie, Pa., J. P. Dalton & Co., and 
 Jewett & Root. Patterns of all kinds, from the extensive range 
 to the bachelor's miserable subterfuge for a wife and home, may 
 be found among {his vast collection. We will ask the visitor 
 to stop a few minutes while we talk of some of these patterns. 
 
 Among the articles which form prominent features, is 
 the " Sample Cook " for coal or wood, made by the Barstow 
 Stove Company, and supplied in Chicago by Merwin Church, 
 300 and 302 State street. Mr. Church is a very extensive 
 dealer in all branches of dining-room, kitchen and household 
 hardware, cook stoves, parlor stoves, tin and brass, iron and 
 zinc, plated silver and willow goods, etc., etc., his establish- 
 ment being familiarly known during a period of many years as 
 the "Housekeepers' resort," an appropriate title for a grand 
 popular depot of all the modern improvements and inventions 
 in the furniture and equipment of dining-rooms and kitchens. 
 The sample stove, which forms a conspicuous item in the dis- 
 play of iron goods in the Exposition, is unquestionably an 
 honest and substantial improvement in modern kitchen conve- 
 niences, and worthy of its fame and popularity. Its advantages 
 readily become apparent to the multitudes to whom its construc- 
 tion and operation is explained.
 
 72 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 A USEFUL INVENTION. 
 
 Among the useful arts, patents and inventions which form 
 conspicuous features of the great show, and which, from their 
 adaptation to the conveniences of commerce, attract the atten- 
 tion of practical-minded people, are the oil tanks and transpor- 
 tation cans of the Shipping Can Manufacturing Company, 46 
 and 48 West Lake street. The oil tanks are big barrels of 
 heavy galvanized iron, wooden bottom ; a gauge rod, and when 
 ordered, a staple and hasp for padlock. A revolving dome 
 utilizes the top space for storage of measures and funnels, while 
 Evenden's patent force-pump, the most perfect apparatus ever 
 invented, working rapidly and thoroughly, and measuring its 
 own work, gives it a combination of advantages and excellen- 
 cies which are the results of the highest efforts of mechanical 
 invention. These tanks, with the Evenden Shipping Can, a 
 round can enclosed in an elm wood jacket, provided with an 
 air vent, convenient for the handling and transportation of oil, 
 not liable to disorder or damage by being banged about in cars 
 or wagons, have become already, though but recently invented, 
 an indispensable necessity to druggists and oil dealers. It has 
 the endorsement of every druggist and oil dealer in Chicago, 
 as a great practical invention. 
 
 PATENT ROOFING AND FIRE-PROOF COMPOSITION. 
 
 A great deal of interest is manifested by visitors in the dis- 
 play of fire-proof roofing material, and the specimens exhibited 
 by Messrs. Smith, Clements & Company, manufacturers of the 
 Challenge Fire and Water-proof roof for buildings and cars, and 
 of the Challenge fire-proof paint for the protection of wood, 
 tin and iron, have been the subject of attention and rigid exam- 
 ination by multitudes of builders, architects, mechanics and 
 scientific people. This is the same roofing a public test exhi- 
 bition of which in the Court house yard two or three months 
 since against competing and rival patents, achieved for it and 
 the manufacturers so decided a triumph, winning the applause, 
 in true theatrical style, of the multitude of spectators, including 
 architects, contractors, manufacturers, insurance agents, city
 
 The Guide Proper. 73 
 
 officers, etc. The Challenge roof which seems now to have 
 achieved a permanent popularity, and will enter largely into the 
 structure of our fire-proof buildings is a solid and tough com- 
 position of gravel and asphalt with liquid sand, the liquid being 
 a solution of pure silicate with caustic soda and water, the com- 
 bination of the silicate and soda being effected under the 
 agency of heat. The gravel composition has in it thirty per 
 cent, of oxide of iron. Practical chemists who have subjected 
 the composition to their severest tests say that while it repre- 
 sents the incombustible agencies in their most perfect form, 
 it will also resist atmospheric action and is indestructible by the 
 elements. Among the new blocks, the proprietors of which 
 have adopted the Challenge roof, are Field & Leiter's great 
 building; the Hamlin block ; Hemlock block ; Chicago Type 
 Foundry, and scores of the finest new residences that now dec- 
 orate the new city. The patentee of the Challenge roofing and 
 fire-proof paint is Mr. J. B. Slichter. Office of the firm, No. 
 119 Dearborn Street, rooms i and 2. 
 
 In among the stoves in the third aisle will be found the 
 steam heating apparatus of A. L. Winne & Co., including their 
 specialty in the way of a cast iron radiator. 
 
 Going up the fourth or center aisle, running north from the 
 main fountain, we find the safe and some of the scale men. The 
 Harris safe is first on the right. A notice of it will be found in 
 the article devoted to Bowen Block in a preceding page. 
 Opposite the Harris safe is Hall's, who makes a magnificent dis- 
 play, as usual. Down this aisle we find, among the more 
 prominent exhibitors, L. Wolf, copper and brass work ; Thorp's 
 portable burglar alarm ; continental bolt and manufacturing 
 works; Dane, Westlake & Covert, globes, chandeliers, etc.; 
 The Wyandotte and North Chicago Rolling Mills; The Joliet 
 Iron and Steel Co.; Kimbark Bros. & Co.; The Providence 
 Tool Co.; ending with the Babcock display.
 
 74 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 KIMBARK BROS. & CO. 
 
 THE CELEBRATED CHROME STEEL. 
 
 This firm, which is the largest dealer in heavy hardware^ 
 iron, steel, nails, and wagon and carriage material in the whole 
 West, and is said to carry the largest and most complete stock 
 of any house of the kind in the country, makes a display in the 
 Exposition which is in every way in keeping with its standing 
 in the business community. Its location is on the right hand 
 side of the center aisle, about thirty yards north of the main 
 fountain. The display consists of blacksmiths and carriage- 
 makers' tools, railroad and miners' picks, mill tools, stone-cut- 
 ters' tools, wagon wood-stock, comprising spokes, hubs, wheels 
 and carriage wood-stock of all kinds, axe, pick, sledge and 
 hammer handles. 
 
 This well-known house has been established twenty-one 
 years. It was first E. G. Hall & Co., then E. G. Hall, Kim- 
 bark & Co., then Hall, Kimbark & Co., and is now Kimbark 
 Bros. & Co. Its trade extends all over the West, Northwest, 
 and far into the South, doing a considerable business in Texas 
 and other States. It has even shipped goods to Pennsylvania 
 and Ohio, though that seems like turning the stream of trade 
 in an opposite directions. However, it was not considered a 
 thing very extraordinary for Chicago enterprise when it made a 
 river to turn and flow back toward its original source. 
 
 Messrs. Kimbark Bros. & Co. are agents for the celebrated 
 Chrome steel, which is claimed, by those using it, to be supe- 
 rior, in every respect, to Carbon steel, not excepting the 
 choicest brands of foreign or home manufacture. It is now 
 used in many of the largest railroad shops in this county, to the 
 entire exclusion of Carbon steel, and in every case has proved 
 its great worth and economy. Its chief points of merit are: 
 that it can be worked to a 'white heat without fear of injury; 
 that it will weld without sand or borax ; that each grade is uni- 
 form in quality and never varies ; that when worked, as directed, 
 is superior to and more economical than any other steel. When 
 hardened, it cannot be drilled by Carbon steel, and is particu-
 
 The Guide Proper. 7 5 
 
 larly adapted to turning down the chilled tread of car or steel 
 driving wheels. Tests made with this steel at West Point, 
 under supervision of II. S. A. officers, show the extraordinary 
 strain of 198,970 Ibs. to the square inch. The highest ever 
 obtained with Carbon steel was 132,909 Ibs. It is the only steel 
 which would stand the strain required for the anchor bolts and 
 staves to be used on the gigantic bridge connecting St. Louis, 
 Mo., with Illinois, of which Capt. Eads is the chief engineer. 
 He makes elaborate mention of this fact in his report of 
 October, 1871. 
 
 The establishment of Kimbark Bros. & Co. is at Nos. 80, 82 
 and 84 Michigan avenue. 
 
 FARMING IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 The reapers and mowers occupy the second aisle from the 
 east wall, and present quite a formidable and not unattractive 
 display. Here is where the farmer will tarry longest. Here is 
 something that interests him. There are seven different pat- 
 terns of reapers and mowers, comprising the Johnston, the 
 Buckeye, W. A. Wood's, Seymour, and Morgan's, the Marsh 
 Harvester, the Champion, and McCormick's. 
 
 NATIONAL LITHOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE. 
 
 Across the aisle from the elevator, in a southwesterly direc- 
 tion, is the headquarters of the National Lithographic Institute. 
 Here may be found the best picture of the building made. It 
 is an admirable lithograph in three colors, and is sold at only 
 fifty cents a copy, the usual price being a dollar and a quarter. 
 It is an ornament to any collection, and is meeting with a large 
 sale. Messrs. Essroger, Ruehlow & Co., are the proprietors of 
 the Institute, with their main office in the Staats-Zeitung build- 
 ing. They execute chromo and color work of every descrip- 
 tion, decalcomania work, (or printing of colors on metal or 
 glass, by a new process,) all kinds of show-cards and other work 
 ordinarily done by lithographers. This establishment got out 
 all the tickets, circulars, cuts, etc., for the Exposition, and, as 
 giving some idea of their promptness and capacity, it will be
 
 76 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 interesting to mention that they got out eleven different kinds 
 of tickets, each ticket in two colors, and different colors for 
 each kind of ticket, all in nine days, printing 73,000 tickets in 
 all. The entire process of lithographic work can be seen at 
 their headquarters in the Exposition, c press being in continual 
 operation, as well as engravers at work. Particular mention of 
 some of the fine work turned out by this establishment will be 
 found in our review of the Art Gallery. 
 
 STONE PIPE. 
 
 The Chicago Stone-pipe Company occupy a stand on the 
 east side of the hall just south of the space given to machinery, 
 for the exhibition of specimen pipe of their manufacture, of 
 dimensions ranging from a few inches to several feet in diame- 
 ter, the larger pipe being intended for culvert, sewerage, drain- 
 age, etc., the smaller for chimney flues, chimney tops and such 
 water purposes and other service as requires an economical, 
 durable and indestructible material. The pipe is made of a 
 hard and very strong cement based on a superior quality of fire 
 sand, and the judgment of a large number of practical critics, 
 who have given it a thorough examination, is decidedly in its 
 favor as the very best pipe ever constructed for drainage, sewer- 
 age and the other purposes for which it is designed. An exten- 
 sive manufactory for turning out the pipe is in successful 
 operation at Hyde Park. The officers of the company are, 
 Geo. K. Clark, President and Treasurer ; R. I. Randolph, 
 Superintendent. The Chicago office is at No. 172 LaSalle 
 street. 
 
 PIANOS AND ORGANS. 
 
 A distinguishing feature of the Exposition is the mammoth 
 show of pianos and organs, the space alloted to this department 
 being a broad area directly south of the central fountain, and 
 divided between a half dozen exhibitors, the first being the 
 enclosure of the St. Louis Manufacturing Company and the 
 Mathusek pianos and Taylor & Farley organs, comprising the 
 agencies of John Melter, No. 100 East Madison street. The
 
 The Guide Proper. 77 
 
 display consists of a $1,400 grand, $800 square, and $600 
 upright of the St. Louis manufacture, and a varied assortment 
 of musical merchandise. 
 
 Opposite this space are the exposition quarters of F. C. 
 Lighte & Co., manufacturers and dealers in pianos and organs, 
 1 74 and 176 State street. This firm occupies a very large 
 space, displaying over a dozen styles and sizes of the " Lighte" 
 piano, an instrument which has been in popular use in the 
 country since 1840. 
 
 W. W. Kimball's piano and organ department lies on the 
 opposite side of the avenue, and exhibits magnificent styles of 
 the great Hallet & Davis piano at Boston, so popular among the 
 German artists; a number of parlor and church melodeons, 
 superb specimens of the Smith's American organ, the Kimball 
 pianos, and the great Union piano of New York. Mr. Kim- 
 ball's great music warehouse is at the corner of State and Adams 
 streets. 
 
 Adjoining Kimball's is a great show of the Weber pianos 
 and general musical merchandise from the splendid store of 
 Julius Bauer & Co. , under the Palmer House, corner State and 
 Adams streets. An accomplished musician is in attendance to 
 give convincing and practical evidence of the perfection of tone 
 in the Weber pianos. 
 
 REED'S TEMPLE OF MUSIC. 
 
 Messrs. A. Reed & Sons, corner Van Buren and Dearborn 
 streets, have contributed a very tasteful ornament to the great 
 Exposition building, in the erection on the ground space as- 
 signed them, of a little temple of music, a pretty specimen 
 of minor architecture in the gothic style, for the display 
 of their pianos and organs, including the renowned Chicker- 
 ing's. Among the latter, are two or three specimens entitled 
 to a more elaborate notice than is possible in this connection, 
 two of them, the Concert Grand, and the Cabinet Grand, be- 
 ing claimed by the firm, to be the finest instruments ever made. 
 The former, a harp shape, is in a case constructed of many 
 kinds of fine and costly wood, contrasting the fair colors of
 
 78 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 amboyne and rosewood, with the trimmings and panels of 
 French walnut, tulip and amaranth, with an abundance of gold 
 leaf carvings and gold bronze mouldings. Price, $3,500. The 
 Cabinet Grand is of similar material and even more tasteful in 
 appearance, costing, however, a thousand dollars less. 
 
 Messrs. Lyon & Healy, and Smith & Nixon, display a num- 
 ber of Steinway pianos, Burdett organs, and musical merchan- 
 dise from their store, corner State and Monroe. The Steinway 
 pianos attract attention by the surprising volume of tone, for 
 which^they are so popular among pianists. One of the instru- 
 ments in the collection, is the Parlor Grand which Rubenstein 
 used at his private quarters while in Chicago. 
 
 CHINA, GLASS AND CROCKERY. 
 
 Some half dozen of our leading firms in china, glass-ware, 
 crockery, plated-ware, etc. , occupy the region south of the ter- 
 ritory held by the piano and organ dealers. Ira P. Bowen & 
 Co., importers and jobbers, Nos. 262 & 264 Wabash Avenue, 
 occupy a good sized room with shelves and hangings for the 
 exposition of the finer lines of goods appropriate to the depart- 
 ment, including decorated French China dinner sets of very- 
 elaborate style and finish, ranging in price from four to five 
 hundred dollars; plain French China sets, numbering 150 pieces 
 each, $35 and $40 ; very fine kerosene chandeliers, vases, 
 chamber sets, and some attractive novelties in fine cut glass, 
 including goblets, bowls, wine glasses, etc. 
 
 Abram French & Co., 101 & 103 Wabash avenue, and 151 
 & 153 Milk street, Boston, display a splendid assortment of im- 
 ported China, glass, and earthenware, Bohemian fancy goods, 
 silver-plated ware, and cutlery in glass cases. Some of the tea. 
 sets in the display are very beautiful, and attract considerable 
 attention. 
 
 Messrs. Burley & Tyrrell, 274, 276 & 278 Wabash avenue, 
 corner Van Buren street, exhibit specimens of their French. 
 China, fancy goods, vases, bronzes, lamps, crockery, glassware. 
 etc., in elegant gfass show cases on walnut tables.
 
 The Guide Proper. 79 
 
 The display by Messrs. Scott & Ovington Bros., in China, 
 glass and crockery, parian bronze, plated ware, etc., represents 
 a great many novelties, and some very handsome specimens of 
 figures, urns and vases. The Ovington Bros, have branch estab- 
 lishments also at 246, 248, 250 & 252 Fulton street, Brooklyn, 
 and 54 Rue de Paradis, Paris. 
 
 JEWELRY. 
 
 The domain of the jewelers is an area in the middle of the 
 southern half of the Exposition building. Among those occu- 
 pying considerable space, and exhibiting jewelry in large 
 amounts and in all its departments, are N. Matson & Co., (State 
 and Monroe) who have one of their large, upright French wal- 
 nut cases, filled with the fairest specimens of their heavy silver 
 wares, and suberb glass show-cases, containing jewelry orna- 
 ments and varieties. Among the articles that attract attention, 
 area highly finished silver water set, fruit dish, chipped ice 
 dish, solid silver knives and forks and spoons, $500 ; a silver 
 souptareene, $750; ivory and porcelain work, and an onyx, 
 pearl and diamond set valued at $2,500. 
 
 The American Clock Company directly against the quarters 
 of N. Matson & Co., have a wide and high frame covered with 
 a hundred different specimens, styles and sizes of clocks, in- 
 cluding those of various manufactures. The exhibition is an 
 interesting and attractive one. 
 
 Messss. Wendell & Hyman, 235 Wabash avenue, occupy 
 narrower quarters, their display being confined mainly to a 
 few specimens of very fine clocks, heavy work in silver, gold 
 ornaments, pearl opera glasses, diamonds, etc. The articles 
 displayed by them are of their own manufacture. 
 
 Giles Brothers & Co., at their handsome stand on the east of 
 the avenue, have two very elegant plate glass cases containing 
 samples of their coral jewelry in about forty sets, ranging from 
 $25 to $500 a set; pearl sets from $250 to $600; a number of 
 heavy silver pieces and several costly ornaments in gold and 
 silver, of their own manufacture.
 
 8o Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 The Aurora Silver Plate Manufacturing Company have also 
 a large stand, with several cases displaying their silver-plate tea 
 sets, knives and forks and spoons, ice dishes and pitchers, an 
 arctic ice set, etc. 
 
 KANSAS PRODUCTS. 
 
 THE ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE RAILROAD LANDS. 
 
 Immediately upon the right, at the head of the main stairs, 
 at the south end, is the display of Kansas products from along 
 the line of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, 
 occupying two sections. This road has three million acres of 
 lands for sale, situated in the upper Arkansas valley, the finest 
 portion of Kansas. The display is admitted to be the best of 
 all the roads, and consists of grain, grasses, brick, stone and 
 minerals, which are evidence of a rich and fertile country the 
 farmers paradise. The first object that meets the eye of the 
 visitor at the head of the stairs, is the rustic ticket office, trim- 
 med in cedar and wheat, with thatched roof, from the door of 
 which will be distributed circulars and bills of the road. Going 
 round to the .front of the display a magnificent spectacle is pre- 
 sented. The sign above, and running the length of both sec- 
 tions, is wrought in cedar with a cedar border, and is conspic- 
 uous to all parts of the southern portion of the hall. First ia 
 front comes a magnificent specimen of Tumble weed, commonly 
 called Kansas moss. It is five feet broad and comes from a seed 
 not much larger than that .of mustard. The first department of 
 the double section is devoted to grains in sheaths, ear and 
 threshed. The second is a field of wheat, a very artistically 
 arranged affair with osage fence and rustic gate ; also shock of 
 wheat with the familiar patridge among the grain. In the third 
 department, may be seen an exhibition of Kansas fruits, 
 of the varieties which took the gold medal over displays from 
 all parts of the country at the great fruit fair at Philadelphia 
 two years ago. 
 
 Then there is a beautifully framed representation of the seal 
 of the State, "Ad Asjra per Asfcra." " To the Stars through
 
 The Guide Proper. 8 1 
 
 Difficulties," a motto peculiarly appropriate to wounded and 
 sorely-tried Kansas. Next, the visitor will find an attractive 
 display of minerals, with specimens of the purest gypsum that 
 the world affords. This grows in large bluffs along the 
 line of the road, and, where the country is fully developed, will 
 be one of the chief commodities of commerce of that rich 
 section. The ochre brick are of a beautiful red, while the 
 column of stone contains ten different kinds of the finest build- 
 ing material. The vegetables give promise of a farming soil 
 unsurpassed. This display of vegetables secured the premium 
 over all competitors at the recent Kansas City Exposition. A 
 watermelon weighing fifty-eight pounds will make the eyes of 
 the farmer water. There is also cotton, salt and tobacco of 
 the finest qualities. Altogether, this region presents an invitation 
 to the agriculturist full of promise in the yielding fullness of its 
 soil, its genial climate, and its cheap lands, that will attract an 
 industrious population to the lands along the line of the road, 
 which is already completed to Grenada, Colorado, and is 
 projected to the Pacific coast. 
 
 Some of the advantages offered by this over that of other 
 companies is, that it gives a reduction of one-fifth of purchase 
 price for improvements. There is an abundance of coal imme- 
 diately on the line of the road ; pine lumber is transported 
 from the Mississippi at low rates ; they give eleven years credit ; 
 water, when not found in running streams, can be secured by 
 digging to a depth varying from six to thirty feet ; the climate 
 is infinitely superior to that of any other land-grant road, and 
 the altitude (being 2,000 feet above the level of the sea) at 
 once guarantees a vigorous and bracing atmosphere. Here is 
 an attractive home for the farmer.
 
 82 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE> DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY. 
 
 The entire extreme north end of the hall is devoted to the 
 display of machinery. Of this Mr. Augustus J. Scoville is the 
 Superintendent. Mr. S. is well known in Chicago, having been 
 a master mechanic here for twenty-seven years. He put up the 
 first machine in the shops of the Illinois Central Railroad, and 
 had charge of their shops at the time they started, and continued 
 there for a long time. He has been similarly connected with 
 other large establishments. Under the circumstances the short 
 length of time at command and the immense amount of work 
 to be done the managers of the Exposition considered the ser- 
 vices of Mr. Scoville an absolute necessity. The wonderful 
 order which he has brought out of the chaos, that existed there 
 during the week preceding the opening, fully substantiates the 
 surmises of the committee, and commends their good judgment 
 in the selection of Mr. Scoville for this important position. 
 The work of placing and arranging the machinery has proceeded 
 without balk or hindrance since the day it first commenced to 
 arrive ; and when it crowded in, wagon load upon wagon load 
 and car load upon car load, he had a designated place for each 
 piece, and everything went on as smoothly as if he had had a 
 couple of months instead of a couple of weeks in which to dis- 
 pose of the applications for space, and prepare for the reception 
 of the material. To tue exhibitors Mr. Scoville has given entire 
 satisfaction in every respect, and we have not been able to hear 
 a word of complaint from any quarter. This is an unusual com- 
 pliment to the efficiency, executive ability, and experience of the 
 person placed in such a trying situation as that in which Mr. 
 Scoville has acquitted himself so creditably. 
 
 POINTS OF INTEREST. 
 
 Those interested in the workings of machinery will linger 
 long in this department, and inquire and examine for them- 
 selves. There are so many different articles that it would be 
 tedious to enumerate them all. The best, then, that we can do 
 under the circumstances, is to point out some of the more
 
 The Guide Proper. 83 
 
 interesting ones and leave the others to be explained by the 
 owners and attendants themselves. 
 
 THE GREAT ENGINE. 
 
 The immense Corless engine, which runs the main portion of 
 the machinery, is of 175-horse power, and works to a charm. 
 It is one of the largest engines in the city, and is larger than the 
 one at Cincinnati and equal to three or four of those at 
 Louisville. 
 
 The Frank Douglass Manufacturing Co. is said to have the 
 most creditable display, taken as a whole, of any of the large 
 establishments represented. It is on the east side of the hall 
 and occupies a large space, furnishing its own power from one 
 of the company's Baxter engines and boilers combined. Its 
 machines are numerous and interesting. 
 
 Just north of the reapers and mowers will be found the 
 establishment of Lewis, Oliver & Phillips, of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 A furnace in full blast, and a ponderous machine, making bolts 
 and rivets from the red-hot iron, will attract the attention of 
 every visitor, while several other machines of a kindred nature 
 will receive more inspection from the skilled mechanic. 
 
 In the display of James, Roche & Spencer, at the foot of 
 the northeast stairway, will be found a magic band saw, sawing 
 puzzles out of blocks, which, while interesting the general pub- 
 lic, calls the attention of mechanics to its wonderful capacity 
 and utility. 
 
 In the display'of Fraser & Chalmers will be found a diamond 
 drill and a centrifugal pump, which will attract attention. 
 
 The Northampton Emery Wheel Co. , of Leeds, Mass. , have 
 an excellent display of emery wheels near the extreme north end 
 of the hall. Champlin & Rogers also make an exhibit of emery 
 wheels. 
 
 Not far from this display will be found a newly-invented 
 machine for cutting out chair seats. It is exhibited by Cross & 
 Wheerer, of Wisconsin, the owners. 
 
 The practical display of the Chicago Stamping nnd Tinnery 
 Works cannot fail to attract attention. A half dozen young
 
 84 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 ladies, in red working jackets, are busied from nine in the 
 morning till ten at night, in the manufacture of tin cans by 
 machinery. 
 
 In the way of pumps there is an ample exhibit. W. & B. 
 Douglass, against the north wall, have an attractive assortment, 
 and lead off in their line, while the steam force-pump men are 
 numerous and make good displays. The Cope & Maxwell 
 Manufacturing Co., of Hamilton, Ohio, will be found just to 
 the northwest of the great elevator, with four of their best 
 pumps in operation. Walworth, Brooks & Co., on the other 
 side of the elevator, have a vigorous pump in operation, while 
 a Pulsometer, a Vacuum Pump, and other new inventions are 
 situated in the region thereabout. 
 
 C. Mason & Co. make a good show of boiler fronts, lamp 
 posts, etc. 
 
 The Silsby Manufacturing Co., of Seneca Falls, N. Y., who 
 are the makers of a number of the engines belonging to the 
 Chicago Fire Department, display a beautiful fire engine with 
 accoutrements. 
 
 A Drake Rotary Fire Engine, of Chicago invention and 
 manufacture entire, will be found a few steps north of the eleva- 
 tor. It is something new in the way of a fire engine. 
 
 By the side of their elevator, Crane Brothers make an exhi- 
 bition of elevator machinery, brass goods, and other work of 
 their manufacture 
 
 Near here, and out of the region of its species, will be 
 found a Hubbard Reaper and Mower, newly invented, and 
 claiming advantages over the others which will be explained 
 upon inquiry. 
 
 Heath & Hobkirk make an interesting display of moulding 
 and planing machines 
 
 The Ames Iron Works, of Oswego, N. Y. , have a large dis- 
 play of portable engines, and machinery of that character. 
 Their space is near the large engine, and Mr. Eaton, their 
 agent, and his employes, will be found there during the day 
 and evening.
 
 The Guide Proper. 85 
 
 S. H. RANSOM & CO. 
 
 In the display of stoves, one firm S. H. Ransom & Co., 10, 
 12, 1 4 and 16 River street, whose great foundry at Albany, N. Y., 
 is said to be the most ancient institution of the kind in the coun- 
 try, turning out goods enough, with all the improvements that 
 nearly half a century's practical experience has suggested, to 
 supply several States occupy space sufficient for the conspicuous 
 exhibition of a large stock representing the multitude of styles, 
 forms, and sizes of various patents, and inventions in cook stoves, 
 parlor, office, warehouse, and dining-room stoves, etc., some of 
 them representing the perfection of mechanical finish in iron 
 goods. Among those which form conspicuous objects of attrac- 
 tion, are the Light-house self-feeding, base-burning heating stove, 
 the Vanguard cooking stove, for soft coal or wood ; the modern 
 Vulcan cooking stove, for hard coal or wood, besides a great 
 variety of coal and wood heating and cooking stoves adapted, by 
 their construction, to the varied wants of all classes of people. 
 The Chicago branch of the company, under Mr. H. W. Bliss, 
 agent, is an immense jobbing establishment, and has for many 
 years supplied the bulk of the trade of the Northwest the im- 
 print of the firm on any stove being a sufficient guarantee to any 
 dealer. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 South of the region occupied by the crockery dealers the 
 show begins to be general, and the first object that attracts the 
 eye is a stand occupied by J. A. Smith & Co., 161 State street, 
 giving the public some idea of their stock of natural seals, 
 Alaska sables, muffs, badger robes, ermine, boa, etc.; then a 
 large plate glass apartment, revealing selections of gorgeous 
 ladies' apparel, full dress silks and velvets, redingotes, lace 
 trimmings, an Alaska seal cloak valued at $200, and other curi- 
 osities of expensive attire, that create a diabolical curiosity in 
 beholders to know the price, all questions being courteously 
 answered by one of the firm of Hotchkiss, Palmer & Co., 137 
 and 139 State street; pretty upright show cases filled with hats,
 
 86 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 feathers, flowers, ribbons and other dainties, from H. W. Weth- 
 erell, importer and jobber, 45 and 47 Jackson street ; architec- 
 tural and ornamental work in terra-cotta, from the Terra- 
 Cotta Company, 310 to 316 Wabash avenue; some beautiful 
 specimens of artificial stone work, by the Frear Stone Manufac- 
 turing Company, 147 LaSalle street; specimens of manufactured 
 marble, from the Manhattan Marble Co.; a profuse exposition of 
 hoop skirts and custom-made corsets, from J. Newman, the pop- 
 ular manufacturer, No. 90 State street ; a step farther south a 
 grand sample depot of zephyr worsteds, embroideries, ribbons, 
 laces, trimmings, notions and fancy things. A lot of the 
 worsteds, decorated with various figures of animals, flowers, etc., 
 form a great attraction. This display is by G. Wendelson, 
 importer and dealer, 34 Washington street. Next in order is a 
 number of miniature green-houses, displaying plants and flowers, 
 boquets, wreaths, crosses, etc., by William Desmond, 755 Cot- 
 tage Grove avenue, Trefry's garden, city green house, 519 
 Cottage Grove avenue, and Edgar Sanders, florist, No. 92 Dear- 
 born street. Turning north, the visitor sees to the right of the 
 main avenue, the large enclosures of D. M. Wells & Co., and 
 Phelps, Dodge & Co., and on the left that of C. H. Fargo & 
 Co., jobbing firms in boots and shoes. North of Phelps, Dodge 
 & Co. is the 
 
 INTERESTING SCENE 
 
 of a boot factory in full blast; C. M. Henderson & Co., manu- 
 facturers and jobbers of boots and shoes, corner Madison and 
 Franklin streets, having taken the largest space in the building, 
 in addition to exposing a large variety of their manufactured 
 goods, in open cases, afford the public the additional satisfaction 
 of a close view of the process by which their famous country 
 kip boots are made. A team of twenty men, the regular force 
 of the house on this special line of goods, attired in a uniform 
 of red flannel shirts, surrounded by a constant crowd of highly 
 interested spectators, are seen in the various operations of cut- 
 ting, hacking, pegging, pounding, sewing and polishing, that 
 connect great pieces of uncut leather into shining boots, ready
 
 The Guide Proper. 87 
 
 for the tough service for which they are designed. C. M. Hen- 
 derson & Co. employ two hundred men at their factory, turning 
 out, the year round, one hundred and seventy-five cases of boots 
 a week. They are also very heavy jobbers of Eastern sewed 
 boots, ladies and childrens' shoes, calf balmorals, etc. The 
 factory, warehouse and magnificent sales-rooms, corner Frank- 
 lin and Madison streets, is the most extensive establishment of 
 the kind in the country. Opposite C. M. Henderson & Go's. 
 is the enclosure of Messrs. Doggett, Bassett & Hills, manufac- 
 turers and jobbers of boots and shoes, 29 and 31 Lake street. 
 
 The next object that attracts attention is an enclosure of 
 very beautiful Scotch granite monuments, from the Scotch 
 granite house of J. W. Carpenter, Aberdeen, Scotland. These 
 monuments are from twenty-five to thirty feet high, and of mag- 
 nificent proportions, varying in price from $5,000 to $10,000. 
 The Chicago agents are W. A. Soyez and B. W. Hair, office at 
 Room 4, Palmer House. Mr. Albert Cripe has charge of the 
 stand. To the right is a display of hand-made boots, from M. 
 Selz & Co., 219 and 221 Madison street, prison contractors. 
 
 Next in order, is brought to view a very fine show of trunks, 
 valises, etc., from the stores of J. S. Smith, 204 State street, 
 and Haskell Bros., under the Tribune building on Madison 
 street ; a case of silk hats, from the well-known manufacturer, 
 MacKenzie, No. 103 Madison street; a gorgeous display 
 of. drapery, carpets, etc., from E. F. Hollister, 117 to 123 
 State street, and an exhibition of fine furniture, including bed- 
 steads, tables, chairs, sideboards, easy-chairs, etc., attracting 
 the attention of all visitors, and loudly praised for the elegance 
 of their construction and finish. This collection of sample fur- 
 niture is from the great factory and wholesale house of A. L. 
 Hale & Bro., and includes several sets of incomparable beauty. 
 With a view of a number of elegant show-cases from Dan Bar- 
 clay's factory, 141 State street, the visitor is brought back to 
 the territory occupied by the music dealers. 
 
 DOWN THE EAST AISLE. 
 
 Turning southward again, down the east aisle, the spectator
 
 88 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 encounters in succession, among a thousand different and varied 
 attractions and shows, first, a splendid display of cylinder desks, 
 from Schaff Bros., manufacturers, Nos. 225 and 227 Clybourne 
 avenue ; a large frame, decorated with tin and iron kitchen 
 wares, from Frank Sturges & Co.; specimen billiard tables of 
 extra fine workmanship, from the factories of Zeller, the J. M. 
 Brunswick & Balke Manufacturing Company, and Stephani, 
 Monheimer & Hart ; a grand collection of farming tools from 
 Withington, Cooley & Co., Jackson, Mich.; show-cases from 
 Dixon & Co., 134 Lake street; school furniture from A. H. 
 Andrews & Co., and the Sherwood School Furniture Company; 
 a number of ingenious and interesting patents, among them the 
 Self Ventilating American Refrigerator, a self-waiting dining- 
 table, etc.; saddlery hardware from the establishment of S. L. 
 Harrell, wholesale agent for Eastern manufacturers, No. 45 
 State street. 
 
 IN THE OIL REGION 
 
 are represented the firm of French & Co., with a profuse exhi- 
 bition of oils in cans ; the Chicago White Lead & Oil Com- 
 pany, with an endless assortment of barrels, boxes, cans, jars, 
 and packages; P. M. Almini & Co., dealers in artists' mate- 
 rials ; Heath & Milligan, the paint manufacturers and jobbers. 
 
 THE CHICAGO TYPE FOUNDRY. 
 
 In the department of machinery and mechanical industry, 
 the Chicago Type Foundry, represented by one of their type- 
 making machines in full operation, constitutes an item of great 
 interest. This extensive establishment, Marder, Luse & Co., 
 proprietors, is located at 139 and 141 Monroe street, and has 
 been turning out type for Western newspapers and job printers 
 for the past eighteen years, being the oldest institution of the 
 kind in this section of the country. The foundry employs 
 JAVO hundred men and operators, twelve large machines, which 
 turn out the best quality of metalic type, at the rate of 60,000 
 a day, or 21,900,000 per annum. At the little branch "foun- 
 dry," which the company have set up in the Exposition for the
 
 The Guide Proper. 89 
 
 instruction of the public, in the quality of their type and their 
 way of making it, all the processes of melting the type metal, 
 casting, breaking, rubbing, setting and dressing, are clearly ex- 
 hibited, the processes being witnessed by multitudes of spec- 
 tators, the machine turning out the smooth types at the rate of 
 six pounds an hour, which are neatly packed in seven-pound 
 packages ready for handling in trade. 
 
 Another item which attracts public notice, is 
 
 A MINIATURE CANDY FACTORY, 
 
 a few steps north of the Adams street entrance, operated by 
 L. J. Colburn, wholesale manufacturing confectioner, whose 
 splendid new store, wholesale and retail, is at No. 67 East Ran- 
 dolph street. Mr. Colburn has been long in the business and 
 was the first to inaugurate the manufacture of fancy candies, 
 caramels, etc., in Chicago. The Exposition branch turns out 
 nearly a thousand pounds a day of his pure unadulterated and 
 delicious candies, which find a ready sale among the visitors. 
 On some days, when the crowd is very great, the pressure at the 
 candy factory becomes very much like a rush on a bank in 
 panic time. 
 
 THE REMINGTON SEWING MACHINE. 
 
 Third in order from the head of sewing machines will be 
 found the Remington. This is a new machine, but it is rapidly 
 becoming a general favorite, and is gaining favor in every house- 
 hold where it has been introduced. The manufacturers, who 
 are the makers of the famous Remington fire-arms, claim that 
 this machine is so complete as to overcome all the principal 
 objections that are found in shuttle sewing machines. That 
 which has long been sought after, by probably every sewing ma- 
 chine company in the land, has been obtained in these machines, 
 that is, an even, round bird's-eye stitch on all kinds of goods, 
 coarse or fine, without the use of cog wheel gears, rotary cams, 
 or levers, working silent and smooth while in motion, is posi- 
 tive proof that it will continue to run well for years without 
 expense. Many of the machines in market have their peculiar
 
 go Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 merit ; of their demerit, if they have any, it is not our province 
 to speak. A discriminating public must, and will, determine 
 that for themselves. The Remington Sewing Machines were 
 invented by J. T. Jones, of the company, who is well known 
 in the trade throughout the world as one of the pioneer invent- 
 ors of the practical sewing machine, and are fully secured by 
 recent patents. All these machines are manufactured at the 
 Remington Works, Ilion, N. Y., where they have ample facilities 
 for manufacturing in large quantities, employing the most skill- 
 ful mechanics, and the latest improved machinery. Much of 
 this machinery has been specially invented for these machines. 
 
 THE WASHING MACHINES. 
 
 The clumsy and costly old box-like washing machine, of a 
 few years ago, has gone out of date, and its place has happily 
 been taken by a handy little affair, which costs comparatively 
 nothing, and which every housekeeper can have always ready 
 for work. The washing machine men are all together, near the 
 extreme northeast door, and ever ready to display their wares. 
 
 THE BRISTOL WASHER. 
 
 The first to which we desire to call especial attention, is the 
 Bristol Washer. It is a simple but efficacious machine, which 
 costs only seven dollars and a half, and, in a day, will do the 
 work of a dozen women. It has merits which cannot be dis- 
 puted, and is coming into rapid and general use. Every visitor 
 should call and examine it in practical operation. The gentle-
 
 The Guide Proper. 9 1 
 
 manly managers are doing the washing for the whole Exposition 
 gratuitously. The advantages claimed for this machine are: 
 That it is truly self-adjusting; automatically regulating the 
 pressure requisite for the finest collar or the heaviest bed-quilt ; 
 that it is so simple in construction that it CANNOT GET OUT OF 
 ORDER ; that it is made of the most durable material, (galvan- 
 ized iron,) which keeps it from rusting, gives it great strength 
 and avoids the danger of swelling in hot water ; that it dis- 
 penses with the use of the obnoxions cog-wheels, which so often 
 entangle the clothes or accidentally mash the fingers ; that it is 
 so constructed that it will fit either small or large tubs, or 
 straight boards, and will return to the wash-tub the water wrung 
 out, thereby preventing all slopping ; that it has greater capa- 
 city and efficiency than other wringers, on account of its springs 
 being placed away from the rolls and acting upon them by 
 levers, thus giving them more capacity and effect; that it works 
 so easy and smooth, that a little child or person of medium in- 
 telligence can operate it successfully, and wring the clothes as 
 dry as if done by the most skillful person. 
 
 THE UNIQUE WASHER. 
 
 This is an entirely new invention, having been patented only 
 on the gth of last September. It is of that class of washing 
 machines in which the garments to be washed are passed
 
 92 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 between fluted rollers. The present invention consists in employ- 
 ing a central roller, to which is applied the power, and a series 
 of overlying rollers surrounding the central, said overlying 
 rollers being pivoted in a hinged weighted frame-work, and 
 adapted to slide up and down in a slide-way, to adapt them 
 to various thicknesses of goods or garments. The advantage 
 of having the rollers swing in a weighted frame-work, over 
 the use of springs, consists in the fact that when springs 
 are compressed the pressure they exert increases so that when a 
 thick or folded piece of cloth or garment passes through be- 
 tween spring-compressed rollers it receives a greater pressure 
 than a thin or unfolded piece ; while the weighted frame al- 
 ways exerts the same pressure, which pressure may be guaged 
 exactly to the required amount, to allow the cloth to remain 
 saturated with suds, no matter how thick or thin. The exclu- 
 sive right of this invention is for sale. Messrs. Chas. W. 
 Sherer and Harry McGarigal, are the proprietors. They may- 
 be found at all times at their place in the Exposition. 
 
 THE GALLERY. 
 
 The gallery runs the entire inside circumference of the 
 building, and is devoted to those exhibitors making displays 
 of light goods. It is two thousand feet in length and affords an 
 excellent promenade, with an attractive view of the grand array 
 of articles and the multitudinous and eager throng of sight 
 see-ers below. 
 
 The most attractive displays are those of the railroads, com- 
 prising products from the lands along the different lines of their 
 roads. There are eight roads represented : The Atchinson, 
 Kansas & Santa Fe, the Northern Pacific, the Burlington & 
 Missouri Railroad Company, the Iowa Railroad Land Company, 
 the Kansas Pacific, the Union Pacific, the Leavenworth, Law- 
 rence & Galveston, and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas. Their 
 location is at the south end of the gallery. More particular 
 mention of their displays will be found elsewhere.
 
 The Guide Proper. 93 
 
 The clothiers occupy the central portion of the east side of 
 the gallery, and include Edward Ely, Wilde, Bluett & Co., 
 Nutting, Downs & Sias, and many others. Indeed, this por- 
 tion of the gallery is almost entirely devoted to gentlemen and 
 ladies' furnishing goods, representing the leading establishments 
 of the city. 
 
 The display of textile fabrics is not so large as was expected. 
 This is owing to the haste with which the whole Exposition was 
 gotten up. Among the exhibitors will be found the Waukesha 
 (Wisconsin) Manufacturing Co., the Aurora Woolen Mills, 
 Kentucky Jeans, from the Dover Mills, the Eagle Cotton Mills, 
 of Pittsburg, Pa., and others. 
 
 The plow and agricultural people are all together at the 
 north end of the gallery, including the Climax corn planter, 
 and displays of plows, pitchforks, etc., by Decry & Co., of 
 Moline, 111., the Moline Plow Co., Peru City Plow Co., F. K. 
 Orvis & Co., of Dixon, 111., W. H. Banks & Co., Furst & 
 Bradley, Chicago Plow Co., and others. 
 
 Then, turning around, and coming down the west side, we 
 find the buggy men, with an immense display of carriages, bug- 
 gies, etc., of all patterns and improvements. 
 
 After passing the buggies, we find a long line of miscella- 
 neous articles, until we get to the space over the main entrance, 
 where we come to the telegraphic instruments. Two Chicago 
 firms make excellent displays, and have complete systems of 
 fire-alarm apparatus running the circuit of the building, and in 
 practical operation, which will attract the curious attention of 
 every visitor. 
 
 The dental men are all here together, over the main entrance, 
 with copious displays of grinning teeth. 
 
 Also, a man with a new invention called the letter- writer. 
 He plays it as you would a piano, and puts your address on 
 the back of an envelope, and hands it to you in almost the 
 twinkling of an eye. 
 
 This completes a hasty circuit of the gallery, where the 
 visitor, having plenty of leisure, will find more things to interest 
 him or her than we have time or space to describe.
 
 94 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. 
 
 A prominent feature of the Exposition is its daily paper, 
 the Commercial Advertiser, published by Messrs. Burch & Ford. 
 By order of the Executive Committee it was made the official 
 organ and daily programme of the Exposition. It is printed on 
 a handsome Taylor press, within the building. In it will be 
 found the latest news of a general nature, and also anything of 
 interest in the Exposition, as it may occur. The official pro- 
 ceedings of the Executive Committee are first made, however, 
 through its columns. Not content with this, its enterprising 
 publishers, at an early day, commenced a series of articles, 
 treating of the several departments of the Exposition in detail. 
 A special merit is its advantages as an advertising medium for 
 exhibitors and outside business men. In thus briefly noticing 
 the daily Advertiser, we take pleasure in calling the atten- 
 tion of Western mercantile interests to the Chicago Weekly 
 Commercial Advertiser, which is under the editorial and 
 business management of the same gentlemen. Although of 
 scarce a summer's growth the Advertiser, through the untir- 
 ing energy of its proprietors, has already won a leading 
 place among the commercial journals of the West. It is 
 printed in quarto form, in an attractive manner, on an extra 
 quality of paper. The market reports are gotten up with great 
 care, and are noted for their completeness and accuracy. The 
 Advertiser is devoted to the business interests of Chicago, and 
 has already attained a large and rapidly increasing circulation. 
 
 GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. 
 
 The main display and main attraction in the general line of 
 gents' fine underwear and furnishing goods is at the apartments 
 of Messrs. Brown, Prior & Fisk, on the eastern gallery just 
 south of the music stand. This firm, who are established in 
 magnificent quarters in Ely's iron block, corner Wabash avenue 
 and Monroe street, occupying what is conceded to be the most 
 richly furnished and most thoroughly appointed store of the 
 kind in the country, are well-known as dealers in the celebrated
 
 The Guide Proper. 95 
 
 "Sam Brown shirts," and in all the lines of the very finest 
 articles of gents' underwear and furnishing to be found in for- 
 eign or American markets. As samples of their selections dis- 
 played at the Exposition may be mentioned, besides a good 
 display of the " Sam Brown shirts," embroidered nightshirts, 
 cheap at $15 to $25 each; very elegant specimens of Cart- 
 wright & Warner's underwear, of the highest grades, of which 
 the firm carry the largest stock in the Northwest; silk suspend- 
 ers, $15 a pair; gents' kid gloves of special manufacture; 
 ladies' initial handkerchiefs; Vienna Exposition robes, chin- 
 chilla fur, $100 each; imported neck wear, etc., etc. The 
 trade-mark of the firm, a very dainty and exquisite piece of 
 embroidered printing on white satin, framed, and suspended in 
 the apartment, is an object of universal admiration. The firm 
 name at the top, the trade-mark, " an avant" below, fol- 
 lowed by the simple suffix, "haberdashers," are done in silk 
 letters so fine as to be generally mistaken for a very costly speci- 
 men of fancy painting. The entire show constitutes a feature 
 worthy of the great Exposition. 
 
 THE especial attention of the reader is asked to the card of 
 the Continental Life Insurance Company, which appears upon 
 the third page of the cover of this book. 
 
 TITSWORTH, AND DOWNS & SIAS. 
 
 Among the clothiers in the gallery will be found A. D. Tits- 
 worth, and Downs & Sias, who, together, make one of the most 
 conspicuous and attractive displays of ready-made clothing and 
 merchant tailoring in the Exposition. The home establishment 
 of these two firms is in the Lakeside Building, at the corner of 
 Adams and Clark streets, and is one of the oldest and most 
 trustworthy of its kind in Chicago, Mr. Titsworth having been 
 in business here since 1850. They jointly occupy a large double 
 store, Mr. T. representing the ready-made clothing department 
 and Messrs. Downs & Sias the merchant tailoring. Mr. H. G. 
 Purinton, than whom there is no more satisfactory or better
 
 96 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 known cutter in Chicago, has charge of the cutting department. 
 Mr. Downs has been connected with Mr. Titsworth for over 
 twenty years, and has personal charge of the merchant tailor- 
 ing, while Mr. Sias spends most of his time in the Eastern 
 market selecting the latest patterns and choicest goods for 
 the house. In this establishment may be found a large assort- 
 ment of gents' furnishing goods, together with cloths, cassi- 
 meres, and vestings which, for extent and variety, cannot be 
 excelled anywhere. 
 
 THE BURDICT BOLT FORGING MACHINE. 
 
 Near the front of the northeast stairway will be found, in 
 practical operation, the Burdict Bolt Forging Machine. To 
 this we desire to call the especial attention of mechanics. How- 
 ever, its operations will not fail to interest the general public. 
 It is particularly adapted to the manufacturing of square and 
 hexagon heads, but is also capable of making any desired style. 
 One was lately put in with twenty-four and one with thirty-six 
 changes of dies. They are put up in the best manner, free from 
 gear or complication, take little power, are quickly adjusted 
 from one size to another, and can head bolts of any length. 
 Unlike other machines, where the blank is horizontal, it remains 
 stationary until the head is completed. Other machines clamp 
 the blanks tightly with the holding dies, and turn it one-quarter 
 or one-half around each revolution, thereby reducing the size 
 of the rod directly under the head where the dies strike it. In 
 this machine the end of the blank rests against a stop, and the 
 holding dies simply close on the iron and remain so until the 
 head is completed. The stock for the head is upset by a plun- 
 ger which recedes, and the forging dies, acting simultaneously 
 on the four sides, form the head to the required size and shape, 
 thus producing heads uniform in size and retaining the full 
 strength of the iron. It is so arranged that it will make four, 
 six or eight revolutions, thus giving each head twenty, thirty, or 
 forty blows, according to the finish desired ; then stops to dis- 
 charge the bolt, and is ready to receive another blank. The
 
 The Guide Proper. 97 
 
 working parts of the machine are operated only while the blank 
 is being headed, thus producing the wear in proportion to the 
 work done. In its own works, at Buffalo, N. Y., forty-five 
 hundred three-quarters T head track bolts have been made in 
 ten hours. Messrs. Plumb, Burdict & Bernard, of Buffalo, are 
 prepared to furnish these machines in four sizes. Prices and all 
 further information can be had by addressing the above named 
 firm at Buffalo. At the recent Cincinnati Exposition this 
 machine received the silver medal and, besides, the compli- 
 mentary gold medal awarded to exhibitions attracting particular 
 attention. 
 
 CUT GLASS JAMES BERRY & CO. 
 
 The beautiful workmanship in the cut-glass window in the 
 architectural hall has secured it a prominent position in the 
 Art Gallery. Yet it is only a specimen of the quality of work 
 displayed in the Palmer House, the parlors of the Tremont 
 House, and most of our best furnished banking offices, as well 
 as in many elegant halls in private dwellings. James Berry & 
 Co., at 85 Jackson street, are so near to the Exposition that any 
 one may feel at liberty to call on them for information concern- 
 ing the difference between cut glass and embossed work. The 
 sharpness of the designs and the beautiful finish of their work, 
 can be readily seen in the window, and it will bear comparison 
 with any specimens in the Union. 
 
 ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS. 
 
 The stained glass window over the center of the Art Gallery 
 will be unnoticed by a few visitors, since it is hung so high. 
 The subject is the Nativity of Christ, and the proud mother is 
 exhibiting to wondering angels the beautiful babe sleeping in 
 the manger. One angel is kneeling, another has a wreath of 
 roses, and, beyond, the cherubs close the scene. Joseph stands 
 under a rustic background, with a Ipok of intelligent responsi- 
 bility. The grouping is easy and natural, and both the design 
 and execution evince the talent of the artist, Henry Goetinck, 
 
 7
 
 98 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 one of the members of the firm of Otto Jevne & Co. The dra- 
 pery falls in graceful folds, especially from the Madonna, and 
 the flesh tints are good, with fine gradations of color and strong 
 effects of shadow. The window is 4^ feet wide and n feet high, 
 and is an original work of Otto Jevne & Co., whose factory is at 
 Nos. 224 and 226 Washington street, and who also display two 
 windows in the southeastern wall of the main building, represent- 
 ing the Good Shepherd, and ornamental work. The process 
 of manufacturing is to paint the glass with mineral colors, and 
 then introduce it several times into a kiln untdl jt is vitrified, 
 . and then, by "leading up," to fit the portions into a complete 
 Avindow. The long standing of the firm in this city, and their 
 skill in work, make them the leading artists in this department. 
 
 JOHN J. McGRATH. 
 
 The elegant decorating at the door of the Art Gallery was 
 done by the well-known house of John J. McGrath, No. 174 
 and 176 State street. Mr. McGrath is one of the most exten- 
 sive artistic decorators in the city, and to those who are not 
 acquainted, by actual experience, with the character of his work, 
 this tasteful display .will speak in terms sufficient to satisfy the 
 most exacting. Besides this work in the Art Gallery, there will 
 be found on the left-hand side of the extreme east aisle in the 
 south end a complete and handsomely arranged display of the 
 goods of this house. Their representation in the Exposition is 
 by far the most creditable of any establishment of the kind in 
 Chicago. The visitor is invited to the extensive establishment 
 on State street, between Adams and Monroe, opposite Potter 
 Palmer's Hotel, where will be found a large and complete stock 
 of the choicest wall paper, window shades, mouldings, and all 
 the appurtenances of the decorator. 
 
 CANOVA'S HEBE. 
 
 This beautiful piece of sculpture will attract the attention of 
 all visitors to the Exposition. Its beauty is conceded by all art 
 critics, who have discussed every line and expression fully. The
 
 The Guide Proper. 99 
 
 history of this statue is romantic, and worthy of mention. 
 While carping critics deny that this work came from the hands 
 of the great Canova, they concede a master's hand in its execu- 
 tion. Thirty years ago, Robert J. Ward, a wealthy merchant 
 of New Orleans and Louisville, purchased this statue of a Span- 
 ish merchant who was in destitute circumstances, having fled 
 from Spain to avoid the penalties of participation in an insur- 
 rection. The price, paid was some $7,000 in gold. Ten years 
 ago it passed into the hands of M. Muldoon & Co., of Louis- 
 ville, the largest marble dealers in the world, who had large 
 interests in Carrara, Italy. Critics examined the statue, and a 
 difference of opinion as to its authorship prevailed. Mr. Mul- 
 doon, desiring to satisfy himself, went to Italy with photographs 
 of the statue, and met the celebrated sculptor Fabricotti, who, 
 interesting himself, introduced him to Tennerani (since de- 
 ceased), who was then the Pope's sculptor in charge of the art 
 records of the Vatican. The original Hebe was recorded as in 
 the royal art gallery at Berlin, and is said to have been pur- 
 chased at a cost of 100,000 in gold. Two other copies were 
 traced to reliable sources, and the third, the one now in the 
 Chicago Inter-State Exposition, passed out of Rome in 1820, 
 by permission of the Pope, into the possession of a noble of the 
 house of Bellagoi. Entering into one of the numerous political 
 complications of that country, he was arrested, imprisoned, and 
 his property confiscated. A Spanish merchant purchased the 
 Hebe, and in the course of time fell into similar political 
 troubles, was hunted, and finally escaped from Spain, reaching 
 New Orleans, as recited, with this solitary remnant of his art 
 treasures. From the Ward family Hebe passed into the possession 
 of Muldoon &: Co., who, about one year .ago, sold it for 20,000 
 to the Public Library of Kentucky, an extensive restitution sit- 
 uated at Louisville, and which owns, besides Hebe, a number of 
 rare and costly works of art, a museum of 250,000 specimens, a 
 library of over 50,000 volumes, a building costing 210,000, 
 and after the consummation of its arrangements, under a special 
 act of the Kentucky legislature, will have an endowment fund 
 amply sufficient to make it self-sustaining.
 
 100 
 
 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 B. T. BABBITT'S BOILER. 
 
 No .one interested in the subject of steam boilers should 
 leave the Exposition without visiting the boiler room, which is 
 at the north end, just outside of the main building. Here will
 
 The Guide Proper. 101 
 
 be found one of the greatest curiosities of the whole Exposi- 
 tion The Babbitt Non-Explosive Boiler. This boiler is the 
 invention of Mr. B. T. Babbitt, a millionaire, and proprietor 
 of the Whitesboro (N. Y.) Iron Works. The great point 
 claimed for his invention is its perfect circulation, a merit 
 which will be readily understood and appreciated by people 
 interested in boilers. It is composed of a number of cast-iron 
 tubes, as shown in the cut, and is claimed to be perfectly free 
 from destructive explosions. .Mr. Babbitt has been here him- 
 self, personally superintending the erection of this boiler, and 
 has engaged a well-known Chicago man, Mr. A. J. Scoville, of 
 whom we have already spoken as the superintendent of the ma- 
 chinery department of the Exposition, as his agent. Mr. Sco- 
 ville enters upon his new duties immediately after the close of 
 the Exposition. His office will be at No. 28 South Canal street, 
 Chicago. 
 
 IOWA LAND PRODUCTS. 
 
 The attention of the reader is called to the advertisement of 
 the Iowa Railroad Land Company, on the last page of our 
 book. This company has over a million and a half acres of 
 the most desirable lakds in the State for sale, and offers attrac- 
 tive inducements to the settler. The full particulars, with a 
 map of the lands, will be found in the advertisement referred to. 
 
 THE BRISTOL WASHER. 
 
 In the notice of the Bristol Washer, on page 91, the matter 
 following the commencement of the sentence in the second 
 line from the top should read as if it referred to the Crown 
 Wringer, which the Bristol Washer Company are selling in 
 connection with their machine. The Bristol Washer is univer- 
 sally admitted to be one of the best working and most effective 
 of all the machines displayed.
 
 IO2 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE RESTAURANT. 
 
 The restaurant of the Exposijion is situated on the east side 
 of the building, being at either end of the Art Gallery. It is 
 kept by Anderson Brothers, of Anderson's Hotel, and is sup- 
 plied with all the substantiate and delicacies of the season. It 
 is as elegantly kept as any restaurant in the city, the bill of fare 
 being no costlier. 
 
 ANDERSON'S EUROPEAN HOTEL. 
 
 In this connection we desire to say a word or two about the 
 finest of all the many European Hotels in the city. It is situ- 
 ated on Madison, between Clark and La Salle streets, in the 
 center of the business portion of the city, and adjacent to the 
 Chamber of Commerce, City Hall and the depots, contains 125 
 rooms and furnishes meals for 900 people every day. The 
 rooms, single and en suite, are furnished elegantly throughout.
 
 The Guide Proper. 103 
 
 The fame of the gentlemanly proprietors as successful hotel- 
 keepers is as wide as the country, and as a consequence the 
 establishment is the favorite resort of those visitors to the city 
 who prefer the European plan. Mr. H. C. Nye, the chief clerk, 
 is widely and favorably known a prince among hotel clerks. 
 Take them all together there is no European Hotel in Chicago 
 that we can recommend as likely to give as complete and 
 general satisfaction as Anderson's.
 
 THE 
 
 ART CATALOGUE 
 
 CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE IMPORTANT PICTURES AND 
 OTHER WORKS OF ART IN THE ART GALLERY 
 
 mTER-STATE 
 
 INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION 
 
 Oi- CHICAGO.
 
 THE ART GALLERY. 
 
 The most attractive portion of the Exposition is the Art 
 Department, immediately opposite to the main entrance. The 
 gallery is divided into three rooms ; the northern one is filled 
 with photographs and Indian curiosities, the central hall is 
 occupied exclusively with oil paintings and sculpture, and the 
 southern room is crowded with water colors, lithographs, engra- 
 vings, architectural designs, and a variety of ornamental work. 
 
 In the central art-room the visitor finds a large collection, 
 comprising the best works of many famous modern artists, a 
 liberal display of Chicago talent especially in portraiture, as 
 well as a few poor pictures. The first place in the catalogue is 
 assigned to a large mountain scene by Albert Bierstadt, of na- 
 tional reputation, which hangs in the center of the eastern 
 wall. Under the title of 
 
 AUTUMN IN THE SIERRA, 
 
 the talented artist presents an almost literal view on the head- 
 waters of the south fork of King river, in southeastern Califor- 
 nia. The scenery of that portion of the State has never been 
 previously painted, and this is" the first time the picture has 
 been shown outside of California. To appreciate the scene the 
 visitor must imagine that he stands on a lofty peak, by the side 
 of the artist, and looks down upon the narrow valley of the 
 river which flows by the foot of the snow-clad mountain. As 
 soon as the visitor realizes the artist's design, he will appreciate 
 the relative positions of the different parts of the painting. 
 
 In the right-hand foreground there are heaped huge granite 
 rocks, that have been thrown by some convulsion from the cliffs
 
 4 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 which rise higher and higher to an abrupt mountain pinnacle. 
 As the mass fell, it formed a barrier behind which the water has 
 settled into a quiet lake. The same convulsion which formed 
 the wall of the lake broke open a narrow chasm through which 
 the water descends, after falling in a beautiful cascade, until it 
 joins the stream, breaking in constant ripples in the valley, so 
 far beneath that the forests seem to be little larger than herbage. 
 In the immediate foreground a few rough trees find a foothold 
 among the rocks, bearing witness, by their gnarled and twisted 
 appearance, to the fierce storms which sweep over the hill-sides 
 at that great elevation. Besides these there is a little scanty 
 growth of the dwarf willow, peculiar to the Sierra, and of the 
 ground shrubs which have assumed the autumn hues. The 
 mountain walls on the other side of the valley, with their pre- 
 cipitous surfaces of gray granite, are painted with great fidelity 
 to nature. The lines of the mountain range are drawn in 
 great variety, and mark the skill of the painter. But if we 
 ascend to the summit, we still shall be shut off by an immense 
 ravine from the lofty peak of Mount Brewer, with its snow- 
 capped ranges, which the artist represents with true Alpine 
 grandeur. Grandeur and immensity are the two aims of the 
 painting, and in these respects the artist has fulfilled his inten- 
 tion. The partial admission of light and brilliant color makes 
 a striking effect, for it seems to strike on the stunted cedars and 
 twisted pines, fills the dwarf shrubs with warmth, and then is 
 lost on tree-tops, rocks, and the lofty mountain pinnacle. The 
 lakelets at the left are shown beneath the point of view, 
 although the upper one is at great height, and the stream flow- 
 ing out of it appears like a silver thread on the mountain side. 
 The whole painting has many of the massive effects of Bier- 
 stadt, but is peculiar, and differs from all of his previous works. 
 As a whole it is a careful representation of some of the grandest 
 scenery of our country, and is full of the peculiarities of the 
 Sierra range. 
 
 A Belgian painter, visiting the gallery, said that the pictures 
 reminded him of the works of Jacob Ruysdael, who flourished 
 two hundred years ago. It may be possible that this eminent
 
 The Art Gallery. 5 
 
 painter of the Dutch school may have made an impression on 
 Bierstadt, but more probably both arrived at the same conclu- 
 sions, from close study of picturesque nature, and thus secured 
 the utmost expression to their landscapes, and powerful repre- 
 sentations of distance. 
 
 Turning from this grand picture, let us examine a quiet 
 landscape in the heart of the Adirondack mountains, by 
 George H. Smillie. It is known as 
 
 A LAKE IN THE WOODS, 
 
 and the beautiful sheet of water is shut in on one side by a per- 
 pendicular cliff whose rocky texture is very natural, and in the 
 distance by graceful mountain forms, covered to the summit by 
 the forest, sinking in the background to allow the presence of 
 the outlet. Nothing but water is seen in the foreground, ex- 
 cepting a few broken rocks and some drift-wood. 
 
 The charm of the picture is in its atmospheric effects, a dense 
 eloud settling on the cliff, and, just beyond, the beautiful sun- 
 light breaking through and filling the country with warmth. 
 The feeling of distance is admirably conveyed, and the eye 
 readily receives a conception of the scene, but in its minutest 
 details, in the character and texture of clouds, rock and water, 
 and in the formation of mountains, the painting is worthy of 
 close study. 
 
 A Scotch scene, by Arthur Parton, is an attractive landscape 
 under name of 
 
 GLENCOE. 
 
 In the center is a mountain torrent, breaking over the huge 
 boulders, and bounded on either side by banks which are diver- 
 sified in color by the profusion of herbage and shrubbery. In 
 the distance is a spur from the Highlands, with graceful lines of 
 mountain peaks. The artist has carefully represented the wild- 
 ness of scenery, and a soft atmosphere fills the painting. He 
 has diligently studied the perspective, and the branches of the 
 trees hang with airy grace, as though moving before the spec- 
 tator.
 
 6 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 The same artist presents two brilliant studies of color in 
 
 THE ADIRONDACK^. 
 
 The sketches are small, but one is remarkable for the con- 
 trast between the clouds and the brilliant foliage of the trees, 
 and in the other the quiet lake only sets off the gorgeous 
 sunset. 
 
 The visitor cannot help oeing attracted by the beautiful 
 water in 
 
 LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG, 
 
 by J. C. Wiggins. In the foreground the beach sweeps around 
 in easy lines, with enough of variety to avoid sameness ; the 
 forms of the hills are beautiful, and the island in the distance 
 has a floating appearance, on account of the beautiful atmos- 
 pheric effects. It is a high compliment to the artist that his 
 picture does not fail by comparison with a similar lake scene by 
 
 J. F. KENSETT, 
 
 who has selected a cooler day, and hence the reflections from 
 the water are not filled with the same warmth. His water has 
 greater depth and more of the feeling of nature, and the dis- 
 tance of the picture has been expressed by careful handling. 
 The painting is a good memento of the power of this artist, 
 who passed away so quickly nearly a year ago. 
 
 LAKE MAGGIORE 
 
 is a beautiful Swiss scene of A. Waagon, the deep blue water of 
 the lake appearing in the distance, and the foreground being 
 filled with rocks and trees, of very good texture ; a country 
 cottage gives variety to the scene. 
 
 PILLAR LAKE 
 
 is a companion picture, by H. Reckmann, the water being 
 brought to the foreground, but there is not the same feeling of 
 nature, neither do the figures in the foreground seem inspired 
 by energy, as though reveling in the mountain air.
 
 The Art Gallery. 7 
 
 In marked contrast to the style of the German school is a 
 landscape by William Hart, 
 
 AFTERNOON ON THE HUDSON, 
 
 in which the shadows have become intensified since it left the 
 artist's hands, but this only brings out the more strongly the 
 soft, warm light which shines through the whole scene, and 
 makes the trees to stand out with stereoscopic effect. Those 
 who enjoy a picture for the feeling which it awakens, will 
 not overlook this representation of one of our most careful 
 American artists. 
 
 LAKE CHAMPLAIN 
 
 is beautifully represented by D. F. Bigelow, and, in the dis- 
 tance, the soft and easy lines of the Green Mountains, which 
 every Vermonter will recognize, 'seem to meet the sky, filled 
 with cumulous clouds. In the foreground is a low beach, on 
 which lie an old skiff and scattered rocks, and a graceful elm 
 fills the right. Beyond, the shore sweeps away, wooded to the 
 water's brink, and into the shallow water a herd of cattle have 
 waded, having come down the road which seems to end at the 
 lake. 
 
 The work of an art student appears in the Riverside land- 
 scape, by Miss Anna C. Shaw, and she displays marked talent 
 in representing a western river. 
 
 J. Hammerstadt has an ambitious picture, representing the 
 scenery of his native land, Norway, with its huge rocks, among 
 which the bears are at play. Beyond the glassy surface of the 
 water, rise stalwart pines, but the picture has little of the feel- 
 ing of nature. The light is introduced in the background, but 
 there is not a careful study of the effect of shadow. 
 
 The finest contribution by any individual is the loan, by a 
 wealthy merchant, of a valuable collection, consisting mainly of 
 figure-pieces. Some of these are small in size, but their intrin- 
 sic value is very great. Two large paintings by Holfeld, of 
 Paris, are beautiful representations of the home life of chil- 
 dren.
 
 8 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 THE CHRISTMAS GIFT and COMMITTING TO MEMORY, 
 
 respectively, represent a boy and girl on sofas, in similar posi- 
 tions, the one intently examining the pleasing present of a 
 picture-book, and the other as busily endeavoring to fix a pas- 
 sage in the memory. Both paintings possess equal softness and 
 show very careful treatment. 
 
 Still the attractive figure, by Plassan, of 
 
 THE BEAUTIFUL GARDENER 
 
 is by far superior, and close study will show great harmony in 
 color between the delicate complexion of the lady and the tints 
 of the flowers and drapery. 
 
 Its companion piece is by Victor Chavet ; under the title of 
 
 EXPECTATION, 
 
 he expresses the sentiment of the painting. Who has not seen 
 a richly dressed lady, leaning on a chair in the same attitude, 
 and, by her earnest gaze, showing that she hoped soon to meet 
 with some favorite friend ? The color of the red jacket is dif- 
 fused nicely through the heavy tapestry hangings of the room. 
 
 THE FOUNTAIN OF POMPEII, 
 
 by Joseph Coomans, is the finest figure piece in the room. The 
 flesh color of the boy, waiting his turn, appears in the beautiful 
 foot of the white-robed lady standing at the fountain, and is 
 repeated in her slender arms and beautiful face. The position 
 of the figures is very graceful, and an interior court of an old 
 Roman house is faithfully represented. The skill in drawing, 
 the interest in the child expressed in the lady's face, and the 
 stamp of refinement, show that she belonged to the educated 
 class. 
 
 The work of the same artist appears in the oddly-framed 
 picture of 
 
 THE LOCKET, 
 
 which is only a head, beautiful in the quality of flesh color, but 
 possessing little character.
 
 The Art Gallery. 9 
 
 AN INTERIOR OF l6lH CENTURY, 
 
 was painted by two artists, Knarren, of Brussels, executing the 
 still life, and V. Taussens painting in the figure. A maid ser- 
 vant, with a light silk dress, holds out a plate of cherries, stand- 
 ing near a table, at which some one has taken a light luncheon 
 But Knarren makes a gold platter the center of the picture by 
 standing it under the table with all the fresh brilliancy of new 
 material, and the same color is repeated in the peel of the 
 lemon and absorbed by the orange, excepting that a little of 
 the tint appears in the rich hangings of the room. 
 
 THE QUEEN OF PEACE 
 
 is a Madonna and child on a gold panel, with the motto Regina 
 Pacts, by Illenbach, of the Dusseldorf school. The power of 
 the artist consists in his overcoming self-imposed difficulties, 
 and separating the golden hair and ornamented dress from the 
 yellow background. 
 
 THE OLD NOBLEMAN, 
 
 by Siegert, also of Dusseldorf, is a valuable painting, and both 
 in composition and effects is worthy of frequent examination. 
 The picture tells its own story : a young lady looks up with a 
 startled glance to find that her father, on the other side of the 
 table, has fallen asleep while she has been reading, and his dog 
 has also forgotten his watchfulness. The side of the room is 
 covered by an immense painting, and it absorbs the soft light 
 which comes from the window behind the old man, glances on 
 his white hair, brightens the vase of beautiful flowers, and 
 harmonizes with the delicate complexion of the lady. 
 
 Eastman Johnson, of New York, is making himself famous 
 by his paintings of common New England life, thus perpetuat- 
 ing the old customs ; 'and in none of his works has he better 
 succeeded than in 
 
 CORN-HUSKING DOWN EAST. 
 
 Rather the husking is over, and an old man sits in a chair, 
 tying together the golden ears of seed corn, and, beyond the 
 large pile of husks, his wife can be seen disappearing, while the
 
 I o Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 little girl stands eagerly watching the arrangement of the ears in 
 the proper manner. 
 
 Those who love good horses will notice 
 
 THE FORGE, 
 
 by W. Verschour, of Holland, and will admire the fine action 
 of the beautiful gray, the delicate intermingling of lights and 
 shadows on the body, and will not wonder that he resists the 
 rude pull of the*blacksmith who wishes to urge him to the shoe- 
 ing stall. 
 
 Good judges claim that the little sketch of 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL SINGING 
 
 is an original by D. Teniers, in 1628, but though ^the grouping 
 is good and the color is harmonious, yet the forms of the kittens 
 are so uncertain that' few can decide what the artist meant to 
 express. 
 
 The reputation of Robie, of Brussels, as a great flower 
 painter is sustained by 
 
 FLOWERS AND VASES, 
 
 in which the artistic carving of the larger vase, and the natural 
 tints of the other, made of shells, attract still more attention 
 than the fresh tints of the delicate flowers. 
 
 There are many representations of famous artists, but 
 
 VENICE, 
 
 by David Neal, does not give a full representation of his power 
 as a painter of the interior of buildings. It is true that in the 
 foreground is a carefully painted interior, but the attention is 
 diverted by the child on the floor and the woman seated on the 
 balcony, and with her we look out on the grand canal and the 
 . palaces of the beautiful city. On spires and facades a soft sun- 
 light falls and warms them with beauty, contrasting both with 
 the cold blue sky and water. 
 
 Carl Hubner has long been a leader in the Dusseldorf school, 
 but his 
 
 LEAVING HOME 
 
 is not a good painting. It lacks the masterly power which we
 
 Art Gallery. \ i 
 
 wish for in his works, and the expression of the face is rather 
 one of bodily suffering than of mental anguish. The figure has 
 a forced appearance, but the rocks are well painted, yet the back- 
 ground is unworthy of a great artist. Hubner has painted worse 
 pictures than this, and some that are far better. 
 
 A FLEMISH INTERIOR, 
 
 by Von Hove, of Holland, is so small that it might easily be 
 overlooked, but the painting is a very good one. In an outer 
 court the red dress of a girl, drawing water, attracts attention, 
 and aids the eye to look into the shaded room from which she 
 has come. The architectural character and the perspective have 
 been faithfully studied, and the harmonies of color have been 
 well preserved. 
 
 Turning from this, 
 
 THE HOME OF MOTHER CAREY* S CHICKENS, 
 
 is a spirited picture by M. F. H. de Haas, of New York ; and 
 whether we examine the crested waves, the dashing brig or the 
 moving boats, in all, alike, we will find the movement of the sea, 
 and the poetry of nature will be stirred in harmony with the 
 scene. In every respect it is a grand marine picture, and is one 
 of the best works of this artist. 
 
 THE STUDENT 
 
 is intensely engaged with his book, and the boy presses his 
 hand against his face, as though he could thus better remember 
 the lesson ; as he tips back against the wall he is unconscious of 
 all surroundings. Fredericks, of New York, has happily ex- 
 pressed one phase of a boy's character. 
 The design of the picture of 
 
 THE SLEEPING NURSE, 
 
 by William Morgan, of New York, is very good, but the figure 
 is faulty in drawing, and the whole position seems forced. It 
 is true the artist means to express unintentional sleep, but there 
 is not the relaxation of nature. The shadows, especially in the 
 cradle, are good and give strength to the picture.
 
 T 2 Chicago and her Exposition 
 
 GLIMPSE OF THE CATSKILLS, 
 
 painted by A. D. Shattuck, of New York, in 1859, does not 
 resemble his recent pictures. The feeling of distance has been 
 finely expressed and the foliage of his trees is airy and graceful. 
 
 APPLES 
 
 are well painted by M. Brown, of New York, and in position, 
 form, color and texture they are praiseworthy, but the back- 
 ground, into which the artist introduces apple blossoms, is not 
 as good, and does not seem to have awakened his enthusiasm. 
 
 One of the most famous of English painters was C. R. 
 Leslie, of American parentage, hence 
 
 SAPPHO 
 
 will attract some attention, as she sits by the sea, but the picture 
 has not the elaborate finish of his earlier works. 
 
 Wilms, of Florence, stands in the very front rank of all fruit 
 painters ; 
 
 FRUIT AND WfNE 
 
 is a good representation of his style. The sparkling wine bub- 
 bles in a cleai glass, the grapes are beautiful and transparent, 
 the vine leaf is fresh and crispy, but is it a peach or an apple 
 which the artist wished to paint? 
 
 Some water colors complete the group of pictures which, 
 through the liberality of a private citizen, have been placed on 
 public exhibition, but the small number of this class of works in 
 the Exposition and their location in another room prevents 
 proper notice of them. The smallest painting hung is 
 
 THE CHILD'S PRAYER, 
 
 by Meyer Von Bremen, but it is exquisite in its microscopic 
 finish ; the child and the drapery both being beautifully finished. 
 Near to it is the " Cattle Piece," by Beekhausen, of Copenha- 
 gen, which is good in drawing and color, although one hundred 
 and fifty years old. "Summer," by James D. Smillie, is only 
 a study of the green tints of nature, and the startled expression 
 of the children who cannot see the rabbit rustling the leaves in
 
 The Art Gallery. 1 3 
 
 the " Cabbage Patch," gives additional interest to the picture 
 of J. Merahn. Ed. Frere, of Paris, is a famous name, but some 
 idea of his style can be gained from the little picture of a boy, 
 "Taking the Likeness," sketching a playmate. 
 
 Chicago artists are also represented in the same corner; J. 
 W. Dodge sends in his portrait of Washington, after studies of 
 the cast made by Houdon, the sculptor, and of a revolutionary 
 costume. A. F. Brooks has a sketch of an old woman drinking 
 at the fountain of Grace Church, and India ink drawings of an 
 old man reading his Bible, and of Robert Collyer. 
 
 To return from this stroll among the delicate water colors, to 
 the main art room, the forest interiors claim attention. 
 
 W. WHITTREDGE 
 
 has a beautiful wood scene, which seems to increase in beauty 
 with every examination. The characters of our native trees are 
 represented faithfully, and we long to pierce the haze and look 
 deeper into the wdbds. 
 
 OCTOBER WOODS, 
 
 by H. C. Ford, is marked by its dense brown patches of oak 
 leaves which arrest every eye. He has portrayed the red oak, 
 shaggy-bark hickory, linden, beech and maple, from close studies 
 in western New York, and the light is represented as stealing 
 through the tree-tops to illuminate rocks, mosses, and water, as 
 well as massive tree trunks. The charm of this picture lies in 
 the long vista, beneath the branches, to a clearing far away. 
 
 THE SYCAMORES 
 
 is an earlier painting by the same artist, and pleases many by 
 the careful blending of the, softer greens with the grays, as is 
 often seen in forest life. 
 
 ENTRANCE TO THE SOUTH PAR K 
 
 is exhibited by the gentleman owning both it and "Sycamores," 
 and is a characteristic representation, by Henry A. Elkins, of 
 the scenery of Colorado, without being in all respects a literal 
 view.
 
 14 Qricago and her Exposition. 
 
 A BROOK IN THE ADIRONDACKS, 
 
 by Charles A. Fiske, of Greenwich, Conn., introduces us into 
 the very heart of the tangled wildwood, and the little canvas 
 possesses many beauties, both in the water tumbling over the 
 rocks and in the fidelity to nature in the varied tree trunks. 
 
 G. S. Collis has two small landscapes, one giving a brilliant 
 sunset over the plains of Colorado, and the other presenting 
 the cool greens of a luxuriant summer in Vermont. 
 
 E. VON PERBANDT, 
 
 of Dusseldorf, paints a landscape well worthy of examination. 
 It is not the subject, for he only paints a pasture, with a'road 
 passing up the hill-side from a little brook, spanned by a single 
 arch ; but there is a good quality of color and a pleasing har- 
 mony of tone between the smoky clouds, the dense green of 
 the clump of trees, and the true grassy surface of the field. To 
 add a little warmth to the place, a white light breaks through at 
 the horizon and blends with the beautiful greens. 
 
 PASSING SHOWER 
 
 is a study of nature, by J. F. Kensett, and shows his sympathy 
 with the changeful moods of out-of-door life. 
 
 A NOVEMBER DAY 
 
 is a gloomy representation, by J. R. Brevoort, of New York, 
 and is true to late autumn life, but his other scene, at Fort 
 Gloucester, is more sympathetic. 
 
 ON THE CONNECTICUT 
 
 is another memento of the genial Kensett ; in this we can hardly 
 understand where the river gains such a dull color and such a 
 want of liquid transparency, under a sky which is singularly 
 warm and beautiful. A cloud, unseen by us, must throw a shadow 
 on the stream, for Kensett was extremely faithful in his painting. 
 
 SUNSET AFTER A STORM 
 
 is an attempt, by K. Van Elten, to portray the change in the 
 sky when the setting sun seems at once to break through the
 
 The Art Gallery. 1 5 
 
 leaden clouds, although they are still casting heavy shadows 
 over the earth. It is carefully studied, and the effects desired 
 have been fully attained. 
 
 A BEACH SCENE, 
 
 by William Bradford, is a good painting, by an artist deservedly 
 famous in this country and in England. The quiet wave strikes 
 in a graceful, curved line the low, brown beach at the foot of a 
 dark, perpendicular cliff, and the heavy clouds are breaking 
 away, as though a storm had passed and the effects had died 
 away at low tide. 
 
 WRECK MID-OCEAN 
 
 is a more ambitious picture, and will attract many visitors. 
 Paul Brown, of this city, always does well in painting tumultuous 
 waves, and this is his best painting so far. It possesses merit in 
 the moving water, and in the texture of its heavy, smoky 
 clouds. Here is the art strength of the picture, and the sailor 
 clinging to the floating mast is only a local incident. 
 
 OFF SLEEPING BEAR POINT, 
 
 by the same artist, suffers by comparison. He has tried to 
 represent a familiar point on Lake Michigan, but his manner 
 seems constrained ; the vessel sits on the surface, but does not 
 seem to ride there, and the water is too hard to admit of grace- 
 ful motion. As soon as it is publicly hung its faults appear, yet 
 they consist of a series of little things which can be easily 
 remedied. 
 
 A GROUP OF FISH 
 
 is by another lover of the sea ; Samuel M. Brooks, of San 
 Francisco, has won a desirable reputation for success in fish 
 painting. The beautiful specimens from the deep are partially 
 hung up and partly lie on the coarse mat covering the table. 
 This helps the artist to group them nicely in a graceful manner; 
 the lobster seems in place and the little minnows have been 
 carelessly dropped. The happy effect of the reflected light from 
 the scales and the easy blending of lights and shadows make 
 this a valuable acquisition to the gallery.
 
 1 6 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 STILL LIFE, 
 
 by P. Schneider, of Chicago, must not be overlooked. A num- 
 ber of objects are crowded on a table, and each is carefully 
 painted, yet every visitor feels the statuette looks hard. It is 
 right of itself, but it stands between a red cloth and the green 
 and purple binding of a book, and neither color nor light are 
 artistically carried through the picture. 
 
 GRANDPA'S LITTLE GIRL 
 
 entitles Rosa F. Peckham, of Providence, Rhode Island, to 
 honorable mention, and no wonder the ladies admire the sweet- 
 ness of the face looking out from the white furs. 
 
 BASKET OF RASPBERRIES 
 
 has been nicely overturned by Mrs. R. G. Packard, of Morris- 
 town, N. J., and doubtless some purchaser will gladly obtain 
 the privilege of gathering up the red and luscious fruit. 
 
 THE SAVOYARD 
 
 is one of the best paintings of Miss Kate Cameron, a lady who 
 has availed herself of a long course of study in Paris, and has 
 lately returned to this city. 
 
 WHO'S AFRAID ! 
 
 A 
 
 is a saucy sketch by Miss Florence B. Morton, which evinces 
 considerable spirit and progress in correct drawing. 
 
 MRS. A. C. FREELAND 
 
 sends several little upright flower pieces, some on panel, some 
 on tin, often selecting sprays of flowers, which she has both 
 drawn and colored well. 
 
 MIRAUDOTE, 
 
 of Paris, has a large flower piece, which needs to be studied at 
 a distance, for the profusion of color and variety of flowers are 
 confusing, when examined too closely. 
 
 VAN BAHAUIZEN 
 
 has a companion picture, in which there is a great variety of
 
 The Art Gallery. \j 
 
 roses, yet sufficiently distinct for close examination, and the 
 artist has transferred the fresh look of nature to the canras. 
 There is good study of the laws of color, and the drawing has 
 decided vigor. 
 
 IN THE CORN-FIELD 
 
 is a landscape by E. W. Hall, in which the foreground of a 
 field, filled with corn-stalks in the shock, is the least interesting 
 portion, for, though the painter has treated artistically the mo- 
 notony of the scene, yet the clear bright sky and the good 
 water beyond are shut off from the view. The tree at the left 
 is finely painted, and the visitor will find the picture has much 
 beauty outside of the corn-field. 
 
 ON THE SCHUYLKILL, 
 
 by Mary Kollock, is a fine representation of the river, and the 
 dark herbage, put into a strong shadow, by its very contrast 
 adds to the liquid character of the water. It shows how many 
 methods can be used to obtain equally desirable results. 
 
 KENSINGTON GARDEN 
 
 is not a representation of the beautiful park which the British 
 government has prepared for the people, but Mignot goes back 
 a few years, and, in the desolation of winter, shows a hunter seek- 
 ing for game in the deserted field. It is the only snow study in 
 the room. 
 
 STORM IN THE SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS 
 
 is a literal study of nature, by G. H. McCord, of Yonkers, N. 
 Y., for in no other way would he find the heavy shadows on the 
 black cliff, only brought out still stronger by the soft sunlight 
 still falling on the trees near the brook. There is too close a 
 representation of the stormy side of nature to peioiit the scene 
 to be understood without patient examination. 
 
 H. BURCKEL 
 
 has chosen an entirely different class of subjects. In one, the 
 farmer and his good wife sit beside the cottage, watching
 
 1 8 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 their cattle and sheep, and in the other the whole village seems 
 to gather at the fountain. German life and the German school 
 of painting are strongly characterized in his landscapes. 
 
 DIEFFENBACH 
 
 gives, it is true, a German picture in color and in handling, but 
 it is a beautiful study of life, which can be appreciated both by 
 the artist and the child. A little girl turns up a bright plate for 
 a mirror and the mother hen, after giving the alarm to her 
 brood, charges furiously on the reflection. The cat supposes the 
 onset is intended for her, but the mischief-maker rejoices in her 
 success at deception. 
 
 CINDERELLA, 
 
 by Arthur Pickering, of Chicago, is another picture for the 
 children, who will remember the story of the glass slipper. 
 Since its removal from the vicinity of the army red of Britannia 
 the fire seems to brighten up, but the artist needs to retouch his 
 background to bring out more prominently the head of the girl. 
 
 TEA PARTY IN THE GARRET, 
 
 by S. Verplanck, of Fishkill, New York, is just such a scene as 
 the little girls love to witness as well as to participate in. The 
 thoughtful mother must have carefully swept down every cob- 
 web, for in our days dust would gather there, but the assumed 
 character of matronly dignity by the children is finely given. 
 
 THE YOUNG ORATOR, 
 
 by the same artist, is not as good a picture, but it is only fair 
 that the boys should have a place, for here is the stiffness of the 
 youthful Demosthenes on the stage of a country school-house. 
 
 BLACK AND TAN. 
 
 If anybody can make a dog prick up his ears at a sudden 
 whistle, it is H. C. Bispham. Here he has given an animated 
 drawing of the mother seeking her puppies behind the ottoman, 
 and beautiful contrasts of color.
 
 The Art Gallery. 19 
 
 HARD TO MANAGE 
 
 is another representation of nature. By raising a cloud of dust 
 C. M. Johns, of Pittsburgh, keeps the attention on the five 
 horses which almost master one man. The variety of action, 
 the spirit and the grouping make this a good horse picture. 
 
 RAM'S HEAD. 
 
 On the other side of the room is a fine head of a ram, by 
 F. W. Freer, which is well drawn in a very threatening position. 
 
 FRUIT AND WINE, 
 
 by George Harvey, of this city, is very good, the texture of the 
 glass is only fair, but the bloom appears on the peach and Cali- 
 fornia pear, and the dark grapes are finely arranged and possess 
 the liquid freshness of ripe fruit. 
 
 A. F. BROOKS 
 
 has also succeeded well in painting fruit, and it is hard to choose 
 between the apple and the nuts, in excellence of quality and 
 color. 
 
 A PLATE OF PEARS 
 
 is the best of the k fruit to which Daniel Wagner, of Norwich, 
 N. Y., invites us, aud they truly promise to furnish good eating. 
 
 PORTRAITS. 
 
 There is a large collection of portraits in the gallery, some 
 of which are good and others are poor ; and, at this season of 
 the year, it seems as though our home artists were devoted to 
 portraiture, for our landscape work is not fairly represented. 
 As far as it is judicious the names of the sitters appear in the 
 catalogue, and the friends of the artists will have a fine oppor- 
 tunity to criticise the work. Only one, of the more than score 
 of portrait painters, has given a full length picture, and this 
 might almost be ranked among the figure pieces, for it is an ex- 
 cellent study of drapery, with a position in which ladies are apt 
 to stand, but the quality of the painting of the head is not as 
 good as in another portrait by the same artist.
 
 2O Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 MILES STANDISH. 
 
 A picture of the Puritan hero, scarred by many battles with 
 the Indians, and with a disfigured eye, is said to be an original 
 portrait painted in England. The closest inquiry has failed to 
 elicit the name of the painter, but investigations have been 
 instituted in England which may yet prove successful. 
 
 CHICAGO RESURGE. 
 
 We cannot believe that any visitor has overlooked the im- 
 mense figure painting by Edward Armitage, a member of the 
 Royal Academy of London. The picture was presented to 
 Chicago for her new City Hall by the proprietors of the London 
 Graphic, and already has a wide reputation. As an allegorical 
 painting it cannot be underst6od without studp, and after two 
 months' close examination we must say, as a work of art, it is a 
 decided success. Whether the expression is pleasing or the story 
 flattering to American pride, is not to be inquired, but we must 
 meet two questions only : Has the artist vividly represented 
 his design, and has he complied with the rules of art ? What 
 was his commission ? He was selected to paint an allegorical 
 picture, which would represent the aid afforded by England to 
 suffering Chicago in her distress. Hence he portjays vigorous 
 Chicago entirely stripped of her beautiful clothing of purple, of 
 which the last vestige is seen still smoking, and, though losing 
 all of her possessions, yet she has escaped from personal injury. 
 America has partially raised the fainting form, has administered 
 a stimulating cordial, and, as though she had done all in her 
 power, now turns to Britannia, who comes to the aid with vigor 
 and fresh strength. The same idea is expressed in the watchful 
 and tired eagle, and the quiet lion at entire rest. 
 
 It is not to be expected that a zealous member of the Church 
 of England would admire the Puritan type of character, so he 
 has represented America as a mingling of the French Huguenot 
 and Indian races. Hence there is both intellectual power and 
 studied reserved in the face, but Britannia beams with interest 
 and sympathy. The laws of art have been complied with in
 
 The Art Gallery. 21 
 
 the drawing, grouping and arrangement of color and light. 
 Trace the golden tint in the figures of Britannia's robe, in her 
 belt and coat of arms, and then diffused through the mantle of 
 America. The rosy tints can be traced from the flaming ruins, 
 caught up by the pink, diffused through the heavy maroon skirt, 
 repeated in the ribbon on the head of the nude figure and 
 finally absorbed by the flag. By frequent study, those who 
 enjoy a true work of art will learn to appreciate the talent of 
 the artist. The sky and the heavy masses of clouds are the 
 least satisfactory part of the painting, for they are cold and 
 hard. 
 
 LONG BRANCH BY MOONLIGHT 
 
 is the first picture by C. G. Rosenberg which has ever come to 
 the West. It is hard to understand, for the foreground is filled 
 with a group of people, finely drawn, but the contrasts of light 
 and shadow have an unpleasant effect. Still the central interest 
 of the picture is in the quiet ocean and the soft moonlight 
 which streams over it, with a beauty which can rarely be 
 excelled. 
 
 CENTRAL PARK 
 
 represents a gay group of people on the steps, between the lake 
 and the mall, by the same artist. Still the scene lacks artistic 
 treatment, and is by no means as worthy as the other. 
 
 SEALING THE LETTER 
 
 is a beautiful figure piece by George Harvey, who has carefully 
 painted a beautiful blonde, in the act of melting the wax to 
 seal a letter. The texture and color of drapery, and the grace- 
 ful position are very good, and a little softening of the shadow 
 on the face and intensifying of the modeling will make this 
 worthy of reception at any art-gallery in the world. 
 
 THE CREOLE 
 
 is a pastel picture, by J. Gollmann, of a lady leaning fonvard 
 n the arm of a chair, which is not represented, leaving the 
 visitor to wonder at the strange position.
 
 22 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 ST. MARK S CHURCH 
 
 is an unusual representation of the interior of the famous cathe- 
 dral of Venice. The artist is C. G. Dyer, and he has chosen 
 one of the few days in the year when the sunlight streams 
 through the window and rests on the interior pillars. Thus he 
 avoids the prevailing gloom of continental churches, and 
 portrays the best work of the old architects in a warm light. 
 
 M. Knoedler, of New York, has sent to the Exposition 
 a fine series of good paintings, which add to the variety of the 
 art exhibition. 
 
 MOORISH PEASANTRY, 
 
 - 
 
 by Louis C. Tiffany, of New York, could well be called a study 
 of hats, but there is a beautiful vein of color, traceable from the 
 red sand through the group in white drapery. 
 
 HIGHLAND SHEEP 
 
 is a good exhibition of the petting the Scotch shepherdess gives 
 to her sheep. The little lamb, and the long-wooled sheep, have 
 been gracefully painted by E. Schenck, of Paris. 
 
 THE ANTIQUARIAN 
 
 seems to be greatly puzzled at the value of a mug, on whose 
 beauty the old man is expatiating ; A. K. Littschauer warms 
 his pictures with golden tints in the platter, and the hair and 
 clothing of the younger man. 
 
 THE LETTER 
 
 is being read with considerable interest, by the girl leaning 
 against the dresser, and A. Pabst, of Paris, has thrown consid- 
 erable animation into the old mother's face. 
 
 AWAITING PAPA'S RETURN 
 
 is a fine illustration of child-life, by Henry Picou, of Paris. 
 On a low seat two children are seated, and a woman is looking 
 over them, down the road. 
 
 DANCING LESSON 
 
 is full of suggestive figures, by Otto Guenther, of Dusseldorf.
 
 The Art Gallery. 23 
 
 The old teacher, with the fiddle under his arm, is teaching the 
 correct step to two ladies, whom the group of young people are 
 watching. At the other wall sits an awkward gallant whisper- 
 ing to the girls, and in the background a deaf lady is receiving 
 a message through her ear trumpet. 
 
 GOSSIP 
 
 is well understood by J. Carolus, of Brussels, and the lady with 
 the crimson dress leans back on the sofa to receive the choice 
 tale, given her in an entertaining manner by the visitor in 
 black. 
 
 THE OLD CLEARING 
 
 is a landscape, painted by A. H. Wyant, with sleek and animated 
 deer added by A. F. Tait. Both have done well. 
 
 THE FIRST BUTTERFLY 
 
 is a scene in a German kitchen, and O. Rethel, of Dusseldorf, 
 strongly expresses character iri the face of the old woman, who 
 leans on a child, as they both watch the first comer in the 
 spring. The shadows are intense, and in all respects the work 
 is very fine. 
 
 THE PLEASURES OF CHILDHOOD, 
 
 by C. Beinke, is another painting of the Dusseldorf school, but 
 its principal value is in the variety of positions of the children, 
 and the opportunity for a study of color. 
 
 CRAYONS. 
 
 The south room contains some excellent crayons ; such as 
 the old head of Mr. Runnion, and the vigorous one of David 
 A. Gage, of the Grand Pacific Hotel, by Julius Gollmann. 
 There is a softness about these which marks them as the work 
 of an artist. Opposite to these Mrs. S. M. Fassett has a crayon 
 of a little girl, which is done with the precision of sculpture, 
 and then, in different style, portraits of the Register in Bank- 
 ruptcy in this city, and of Col. J. W. Foster, the late presides t 
 of the Academy of Sciences.
 
 24 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 The ornamentation of the scree'n of this room consists of 
 castings in the new material of carton-pierre, which is, in some 
 respects, similar to papier-mache, though better adapted to 
 architectural decoration. 
 
 SCULPTURE. 
 
 In a new city little attention is given to the works of the 
 sculptor, and the risk of removal has prevented many from 
 loaning their works. Potter Palmer has consented to exhibit 
 here his copy of Zenobia, the queen of old Palmyra, by Miss 
 Harriet Hosmer. This is reduced to life-size, from the original 
 heroic statue, but there is the same beauty of form, without the 
 majestic presence. 
 
 THE YOUNG AUGUSTUS 
 
 is a copy of a bust found at Ostia, the old harbor of Rome, 
 only a few years ago, and which is supposed to have been made 
 as a portrait of the emperor at an early age. 
 
 VOLK'S STATUETTES 
 
 t 
 
 of Lincoln and Douglas are studies for larger figures, by an 
 artist who enjoyed the intimate acquaintance of both statesmen, 
 and who has here expressed his ideas of the character of the 
 two men. 
 
 "DREAMING" 
 
 is a little bust by A. L. Lansing, which marks the progress 
 of a student, and ought to incite him to study closely the laws 
 of art. 
 
 The busts in the room, of the son of S. B. Cobb, and the 
 plaster model of the banker-editor, Jonathan Young Scammon, 
 are also by L. W. Volk. 
 
 NEGRO STUDIES. 
 
 The life in Virginia of Edward V. Valentine has given 
 him a fine opportunity to delineate the character of the colored 
 race. There is much of sarcasm in his "Knowledge is Power,'* 
 and a fine conception of the little black rascal, whom he calls
 
 The Art Gallery. 25 
 
 " The Nation's Ward." The sculptor, too, is a true artist, and 
 in his humor has not forgotten to express nature. 
 
 IONE 
 
 attracts much attention by its odd name, and by its being an 
 original statute by L. W. Volk, of this city. It was a commis- 
 sion from H. O. Stone, based on the description by Glaucus, in 
 a passage of Bulwer's " Last days of Pompeii," of the beau- 
 tiful maiden, of Athenian descent, whom he met in the Temple 
 of Minerva, at Naples. He describes her as having raised her 
 veil in prayer, and when their eyes met he felt her face was 
 exquisitely moulded and animated with beauty. Addressing 
 her in respectful tones, he invited her to place her olive garland 
 with his own upon the altar. Such is the scene which the artist 
 has represented, and the quiet face looks out to meet Glaucus, 
 as though she could trust the stranger. The possibility of move- 
 ment has been finely expressed by the artist, and the lines of 
 the upraised arm are beautifully moulded. The statue reflects 
 great credit on the artist, and forms a fitting climax to the 
 collection made so hastily, and yet so well, in our young city. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 The north room of the art-hall is entirely occupied by the 
 beautiful products of our local photographers, excepting the 
 Indian curiosities and portraits from the sole exhibitor from 
 our youngest territory, Arizona. The presence of the young 
 Apache, Little Montezuma, has attracted considerable attention, 
 especially as he is now with Mr. Charles Gentile, who has the 
 convenient photographic studio just opposite to the new mer- 
 cantile palace of Field, Leiter & Co., at the corner of State and 
 Washington streets. 
 
 Those who would like to examine more delicate Indian arti- 
 cles or to inquire still further about the methods of photo- 
 graphy, are cordially invited to step into the only water-balance 
 elevator in the world used by a photographer. The elevator 
 runs constantly without charge, and is the safest, smoothest and 
 largest in the city.
 
 26 Chicago and her Exposition. 
 
 The character of Gentile's art work, made under a very large 
 and lofty sky-light, can be seen in the photographic hall. His 
 ideas of arrangement are very good, and whether it is the little 
 Apache, a sprightly girl, or the grave board of directors, in 
 every case he succeeds in taking a picture, which is both clear 
 cut and soft in outline. The finished surface of his photographs, 
 the easy position of the sitters, and the skill in taking the dra- 
 pery, make his pictures unusually good. The visitor will not 
 find a large display of portraits of beautiful ladies in elegant 
 costumes, for the artist is one of the latest comers, and the finan- 
 cial troubles have delayed many who had promised to give him 
 patronage. By another year this will be remedied, and now 
 there are plenty of the more useful specimens of ordinary por- 
 trait work. 
 
 The beautiful water-color miniatures among Gentile's por- 
 traits are the smallest in the exhibition, and are the work of J. 
 Arnold Morris, who is now finishing some ordered work for 
 Gentile. 
 
 In addition to portrait work, Gentile is the official photog- 
 rapher of the Exposition, and even his competitors admire the 
 artistic arrangement, the clearness, and the pleasing tone of 
 his prints. In beautiful finish his views and portraits will bear 
 the closest comparison with the best New York work, and excel 
 any ever made in the West. Even under great disadvantages in 
 Arizona, Gentile took both the exterior and interior views of 
 the most attractive church in America, the church of San Xavier 
 del Bee, and of the Casa Grande of the Montezumas, which 
 are among the most artistic pictures of the Exposition. 
 
 LITHOGRAPHS. 
 
 The fine work on the first page of the cover ,of this book 
 was done at the corner of Washington Street and Fifth Avenue, 
 by the National Lithographic Institute, who make a large display 
 of samples of their work on the screens before the Art Gallery.
 
 THE ART CATALOGUE. 
 
 JAS. F. AITKEN, SUPERINTENDENT OF ART GALLERY. 
 
 PAINTINGS IN OIL AND WATER COLORS. 
 
 TITLE AND ARTIST. OWNER. 
 
 AUTUMN IN THE SIERRA. (See page 3.) 
 
 A. Bierstadt. Artist, New York. 
 
 FIRE MEMORIAL PAINTING. (See page 20.) 
 
 E. Armitage, R. A., London. Chicago. 
 
 LONG BRANCH BY MOONLIGHT. (See page 21.) 
 
 C. G. Rosenberg. Artist, New York. 
 
 CENTRAL PARK. (See page 21.) 
 
 C. G. Rosenberg. Artist, New York. 
 
 BASKET OF RASPBERRIES. (See page 16.) 
 
 Mrs. R. G. Packard. Artist, New York. 
 
 GROUP OF FISH. (See page 15.) 
 
 Sam'l M. Brooks, San Francisco. E. Bierstadt. 
 
 NORWAY LANDSCAPE. (See page 7.) 
 
 S. Hammerstadt. Artist, Chicago. 
 
 HARD TO MANAGE. (See page 19.) 
 
 Clarence M. Johns, Pittsburgh, Pa. Artist. 
 
 GLENCOE, SCOTLAND. (See page 5.) 
 
 Arthur Parton, New York. Emigh. 
 
 LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG. (See page 6.) 
 
 J. C. Wiggins. Emigh. 
 
 ADIRONDACKS. (See page 6.) 
 
 Arthur Parton, New York. Emigh. 
 
 ADIRONDACKS. (See page 6.) 
 
 Arthur Parton, N. Y. Emigh. 
 
 FLOWERS. (See page 16.) 
 
 Miraudote. Emigh.
 
 N T o. TITLE AND ARTIST. OWNER. 
 
 14 UNEXPECTED FRIENDS ON THE BATTLE FIELD. 
 
 II. Balling, New York. Artist. 
 
 15 I DO LISTEN NORWEGIAN SHEPHERDESS. 
 
 H. Balling, New York. Artist. 
 
 16 GROUP OF CHILDREN. 
 
 Pine, Chicago. J. W. Doane. 
 
 17 THE BEAUTIFUL GARDENER. (Seepage 8.) 
 
 Plassan, Paris. Kellogg. 
 
 18 COMMITTING TO MEMORY. (See page 8.) 
 
 Holfeld, Paris. Kellogg. 
 
 19 THE LOCKET. (See page 8.) 
 
 J. Coomans, Paris. Kellogg. 
 
 20 LAKE IN THE WOODS. (Seepages.) 
 
 Geo. H. Smillie. Artist. 
 
 21 LAKE CHAMPLAIN Near Burlington, Vt. (See page 7.) 
 
 D. F. Bigelow. Artist. 
 
 22 SYCAMORES. (See page 13.) 
 
 H. C. Ford. E. Burnham. 
 
 23 ENTRANCE SOUTH PARK. (See page 13.) 
 
 H. A. Elkins. E. Burnham. 
 
 24 OCTOBER WOODS. (See page 13.) 
 
 H. C. Ford. Artist. 
 
 25 MARINE COAST OF MEXICO. 
 
 L. Holtz. Artist. 
 
 26 STEAMSHIP BALTIC. 
 
 Wm. Ferguson. White Star Line. 
 
 27 PORTRAIT OF MISS AITKEN. 
 
 Schwerdt. Miss Aitken. 
 
 28 BROOK IN THE ADIRONDACKS. (See page 14.) 
 
 Chas. A. Fiske, Fairfield, Conn. Artist. 
 
 29 THE CHRISTMAS GIFT. (See page 8.) 
 
 Holfeld, Paris. Kellogg. 
 
 30 VIEW ON THE DES PLAINES. (See page 7.) 
 
 Annie C. Shaw. Artist. 
 
 31 PORTRAIT OF DR. F. W. FREER. 
 
 F. W. Freer. F W. Freer. 
 
 32 PORTRAIT. 
 
 F. W. Freer. Artist. 
 
 33 INTERIOR IN XVI. CENTURY. (See page 9.) 
 
 Knarren, Brussels. Kellogg. 
 
 34 PORTRAIT, HON. LEONARD SWETT. 
 
 A. E. Darling. Mr. Swett. 
 
 35 PORTRAIT OF A LADY. 
 
 A. E. Darling. Artist.
 
 No. TITLE AND ARTIST. OWNER. 
 
 36 MY LITTLE SISTER. 
 
 J. R. Stites. Artist. 
 
 37 PORTRAIT. 
 
 H. E. Peterson. Artist. 
 
 38 THE QUEEN OF PEACE. (See page 9.) 
 
 lilenbach, Dusseldorf. Kellogg. 
 
 39 TEA PARTY IN THE GARRET. (See page 18.) 
 
 Samuel Verplanck. Artist. 
 
 40 THE YOUNG ORATOR. (See page 18.) 
 
 Samuel Verplanck. Artist. 
 
 41 BEACH SCENE. (See page 10.) 
 
 \\m. Bradford. 
 
 42 GRANDPA'S LITTLE GIRL. (See page 1 6.) 
 
 Rose F. Peckham. Artist. 
 
 43 PORTRAIT. 
 
 John Phillips. Artist. 
 
 44 PORTRAIT. 
 
 S. Kelley. Artist. 
 
 45 FRUIT. 
 
 J. P. Andrews, N. Y. Artist. 
 
 46 ON THE SCHUYLKILL. (Seepage^.) 
 
 Mary Kollock. Artist. 
 
 47 STORM IN THE SHAWANGUNK MTS. (See page 17.) 
 
 G. H. McCord, Brooklyn. Artist. 
 
 48 GRAPES. 
 
 Mrs. Henshaw, New York. Artist. 
 
 49 FOUNTAIN OF POMPEII. (See page 8.) 
 
 J. Coomans, Paris. Kellogg. 
 
 50 PORTRAIT. 
 
 Stephen Kelley. Artist. 
 
 51 ON THE CONNECTICUT. (See page 14.) 
 
 J. F. Kensett. Emigh. 
 
 52 LAKE GEORGE. (See page 6.) 
 
 J. F. Kensett. Emigh. 
 
 53 SUNSET AFTER A STORM. (See page 14.) 
 
 K. Van Elten. Emigh. 
 
 54 A NOVEMBER DAY. (See page 14.) 
 
 J. R. Brevoort. Emigh. 
 
 25 CORN-HUSKING DOWN EAST. (See page 9.) 
 
 Eastman Johnson. Kellogg. 
 
 56 THE OLD NOBLEMAN. (See page 9.) 
 
 Siegert, Dusseldorf. Kellogg. 
 
 57 AFTERNOON ON THE HUDSON. (See page 7.) 
 
 Wm. Hart, New York. Kellogg.
 
 No. TITLE AND ARTIST. OWNER. 
 
 58 THE FORGE. (See page 10.) 
 
 Verschour, Holland. Kellogg. 
 
 59 PORTRAIT OF OWEN MCCARTHY. 
 
 F. L. Rockwell. Artist. 
 
 60 PORTRAIT OF J. C. GAULT. 
 
 Frank M. Pebbles. J. C. Gault. 
 
 6 1 PORTRAIT OF MRS. J. W. HODGKINS. 
 
 Frank M. Pebbles. Mr. Hodgkins. 
 
 62 PORTRAIT. 
 
 H. E. C. Peterson. Artist. 
 
 63 WHO'S AFRAID. (See page 16.) 
 
 Miss Florence B. Morton. Artist. 
 
 64 LAKE MAGGIORE. (See page 6.) 
 
 A. Waagon. M. Ryerson. 
 
 65 LANDSCAPE NEAR ROME. 
 
 H. Burckel. M. Ryerson. 
 
 66 LANDSCAPE Bavarian Mountain. 
 
 H. Burckel. M. Ryerson. 
 
 67 THE PILLAR LAKE. (See page 6.) 
 
 Reckmann. M. Ryerson. 
 
 68 CONGREGATIONAL SINGING. (See page 10.) 
 
 Teniers. Kellogg. 
 
 69 FLOWERS AND VASES. (See page 10.) 
 
 Robie, Brussels. Kellogg. 
 
 70 LEAVING HOME. (See page 10.) 
 
 Carl Hubner, Dusseldorf. Kellogg. 
 
 71 FLEMISH INTERIOR. (See page n.) 
 
 Von Hove, Holland. Kellogg. 
 
 72 THE HOME OF MOTHER CAREY'S CHICKENS. (See page 11.) 
 
 F. M. H. DeHaas, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 73 THE STUDENT. (See page 11.) 
 
 Fredericks, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 74 THE SLEEPY NURSE. (See page n.) 
 
 Wm. Morgan, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 75 APPLES. (See page 12.) 
 
 M. Brown, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 76 CATTLE. (See page 12.) 
 
 Beekhausen, Copenhagen. Kellogg. 
 
 77 CHICKENS. 
 
 Tail, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 78 FRUIT AND WINE. (See page 12.) 
 
 Wilms, Florence. Kellogg. 
 
 79 EXPECTATION. (See page 8.) 
 
 Victor Chavet. Kellogg.
 
 No. TITLE AND ARTIS^. OWNER. 
 
 50 A GLIMPSE OF THE CATSKILLS. (See page 12.) 
 
 A. D. Sbattuck, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 51 VENICE. (See page 10.) 
 
 David Neal. Kellcgg. 
 
 82 THE CHILD'S PRAYER. (See page 12.) 
 
 Meyer Yon Bremen, Berlin. Kellogg. 
 
 83 TAKING THE LIKENESS. (See page 13.) 
 
 Ed. Frere, Paris. Kellogg. 
 
 84 CABBAGE PATCH. (See page 13.) 
 
 J. Merahn. Kellogg. 
 
 85 SUMMER. (See page 12.) 
 
 J. D. Smillie, New York. Kellogg. 
 
 86 SAPPHO. (See page 12.) 
 
 Leslie, London. Kellogg. 
 
 87 THE SAILOR. 
 
 Copy, by Miss Eva Hammond. 
 
 88 THE HAWK BOY. 
 
 Couteur, copy by Miss Hammond. 
 
 89 CINDERELLA. (See page 18.) 
 
 A. Pickering, Chicago. Artist. 
 
 90 THE SAVOYARD. (See page 16.) 
 
 Kate Cameron. Artist. 
 
 91 PORTRAIT OF GEORGE HARVEY. 
 
 John Phillips. George Harvey. 
 
 92 PORTRAIT OF MRS. WALKER. 
 
 John Phillips. Mr. Walker. 
 
 93 AFTER A SHOWER. (See page 14.) 
 
 H. Von Elten, New York. Emigh. 
 
 94 PASSING SHOWER, (See page 14.) 
 
 J. F. Kensett, New York. Emigh. 
 
 95 KENSINGTON GARDEN. (See page 17.) 
 
 Mignot. Emigh. 
 
 96 SEALING THE LETTER. (See Page 21.) 
 
 Geo. H. Harvey, Chicago Artist. 
 
 97 COAST SCENE. 
 
 J. R. Brevoort, New York. Emigh. 
 
 98 FLOWERS AND VINES. (See page 16.) 
 
 Mrs. A. C. Freeland. Miss Morion. 
 
 99 ONLY WAITING. 
 
 La Soeur. Samuel J. Smith. 
 
 100 AUTUMN SUNSET. 
 
 Prof. Streight, Chicago. 
 
 101 PASTEL PORTRAIT, THE CREOLE LADY. (See page 21.) 
 
 J. Gollmann, Chicago. Artist.
 
 No. TITLB AND ARTIST. OWN an. 
 
 102 CRAYON PORTRAIT OF DAVID A. GAGE. 
 
 J. Gollmann. Mr. Gage. 
 
 103 PORTRAIT OF GOV. BROSS. 
 
 J. Gollmann. Gov. Bross. 
 
 104 PORTRAIT OF P. A. HALL. 
 
 J. Gollmann. P. A. Hall. 
 
 105 CONTENTED. 
 
 J. Gollmann. Artist. 
 
 106 IN THE CORNFIELD. (Seepage 17.) 
 
 E. W. Hall. Artist. 
 
 107 CRAYON PORTRAIT OF J. YOUNG SCAMMON. 
 
 Mrs. S. M. Fassett. Mr. Scamrr 
 
 108 CRAYON PORTRAIT OF H. W. HIBBARD. (See page - 
 
 Mrs. S. M. Fassett. Mr. H 
 
 109 CRAYON STUDY OF A CHILD. (See page 23.) 
 
 Mrs. S. M. Fassett. 
 
 1 10 CRAYON PORTRAIT OF LOUIS WAHL. 
 
 Rabat. Mr. \, 
 
 in CRAYON PORTRAIT OF MAYOR J. MEDILL. 
 
 Rabat. J. Medill. 
 
 112 CRAYON PORTRAIT OF DR. MILLER. 
 
 Rabat. Dr. Miller. 
 
 113 STILL LIFE. (See page 16.) 
 
 P. Schneider. Artist. 
 
 114 PROTECTING HER PETS. (Seepage 18.) 
 
 Dieffenbach. 
 
 115 PORTRAIT OF A CHILD. 
 
 Mrs. St. John. 
 
 116 PORTRAIT OF A CHILD. 
 
 Mrs. St. John. Artist.,!^ 
 
 117 INTERIOR OF ST. MARK'S CHURCH. (See page 22.) 
 
 C. G. Dyer. Artist. 
 
 118 CRAYON PORTRAIT OF MR. RUNNICfN. (See page 23.) 
 
 J. Gollmann. Mr. Runnion.' 
 
 119 LANDSCAPE. (See page 14.) 
 
 E. Von Perbandt, Dusseldorf. M. Knoedler, N. Y. 
 
 301 CHRISTIANS LEAVING JERUSALEM. 
 
 Meirielt, after Kaulbach. M. Ryerson. 
 
 302 WRECK IN MID-OCEAN. (See page 15.) 
 
 Paul Brown. Artist. 
 
 303 OFF SLEEPING BEAR POINT. (See page 15.) 
 
 Paul Brown. Artist. 
 
 304 WASHINGTON After Siom/on's Cast. (See page 13.) 
 
 J. \V. Dodge. Artist.
 
 No. 
 305 
 
 306 
 
 37 
 
 308 
 
 309 
 
 10 
 
 M. Knoedler. 
 
 M. Knoedler. 
 
 M. Knoedler. 
 
 M. Knoedler. 
 M. Knoedler. 
 
 us 
 
 TITLE AND ART^. OWNER. 
 
 ONE THAT TH1RSTETH. j;Se page 13.) 
 
 A. F. Brooks. Artist. 
 
 THE OLD, OLD STORY. (Seepage 13.) 
 
 A. F. Brooks. Artist. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF ROBERT COLYER. (See page 13.) 
 
 A. F. Brooks. < Artist. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF LADY AND CHILD. 
 
 G. P. A. Healy, Rome. L. W. Yolk. 
 
 THE LETTER. (See page 22.) 
 ' A. Pabst, Paris. M. Knoedler. 
 
 THE DANCING LESSON. (See page 22.) 
 Otto Guenther, Dusseldorf. 
 
 GOSSIP. (See page 23.) 
 ft J- Carolus, Brussels. 
 
 FLOWERS. (See page 1 6.) 
 v Art B.'.khuizen. 
 
 TH.' FIRST BUTTERFLY. (See page 23.) 
 O. Rethel, Dusseldorf. 
 
 PLEASURES OF CHILDHOOD. (See page 23.) 
 
 C. Beinke, Dusseldurf. 
 
 MOORISH PEASANTRY. (See page 22.) 
 L. C. Tiffany, New York. 
 
 HIGHLAND SHEEP. {See page 22.) 
 E. Scbenck, Paris. 
 
 THE ANTIQUARIAN. (See page 22.) 
 A. K. Littschauer, Dusseldorf. 
 
 THE OLD CLEARING. (See page 23.) 
 Landscape, A. H. Wyant; Deer, A. T. Tail. 
 
 ASKING BEARINGS. 
 Norton, Boston. 
 
 WOOD SCENE. (See page 13.) 
 W. \Vhittrede. 
 
 HEAD OF BEETHOVEN IN CRAYON. 
 S. Rabat, Chicago. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF YOUNG LADY. 
 Albert Jenks, Chicago. 
 
 PORTRAIT, GEN. GEO. H. THOMAS. 
 A. F. Brooks, Chicago. 
 
 PORTRAIT, DR. A. E. SMALL. 
 Mrs. S. M. Fossett, Chicago. 
 
 PEARS. (See page 19.) 
 
 D. \Vagnt-r. 
 
 MARINE SKETCH. 
 D. T. Williams, 
 
 A 3 
 
 Artist. 
 
 M. Knoedler. 
 
 M. Knoedler. 
 
 A. H. Wyant. 
 
 Edwin Lee Brown. 
 
 Artist. 
 
 Artist. 
 
 Dr. Small. 
 
 Mrs. L. M. Wagner. 
 
 Artist,
 
 No. 
 327 
 
 328 
 329 
 33 
 33i 
 332 
 333 
 334 
 
 335 
 336 
 
 337 
 338 
 339 
 340 
 341 
 342 
 
 344 
 345 
 346 
 347 
 348 
 
 TITLE ANI> AKTIST. 
 STUDIES AT VENICE. 
 S. A. D. Volk. 
 
 RASPBERRIES. 
 D. Wagner. 
 
 COLORADO SUNSET. . (See page 14.) 
 George S. Collis. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG LADY. 
 A. F. Brooks. 
 
 INTERIOR OF A STUDIO, AND FLAGS, 
 Miss Gage. 
 
 LANDSCAPE IN GREEN MOUNTAIN'S. 
 George S. Collis. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MR. PERRO. 
 A. F. Brooks. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG LADY. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MILES STANDISH. (See 
 
 BLACK AND TAN. (See page 18.) 
 H. Q. Bispham, New York. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF A GIRL. 
 J. W. Dodge. 
 
 RAM'S HEAD. (See page 19.) 
 F. W. Freer. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MR. DAVIS. 
 J. W. Dodge. 
 
 JOYS OF SPRING. 
 D. Wagner. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MISS CLAYBERG. 
 C. F. Schwerdt, Chicago. 
 
 FRUIT AND WINE. (Seepage 10.) 
 George Harvey. 
 
 FRUIT AND NUTS. (See page 19.) 
 A. F. Brooks. 7 
 
 AUTUMN. 
 
 Geo. H. Smillie, New York. 
 
 TROPICAL ORCHID. 
 M. J- Heade, New York. 
 
 PASSING FROM THE MALL TO THE L 
 Emma Scaife, New York. 
 
 PEAR AND GRAPES. 
 M. Ream, New York. 
 
 DELICIOUS TABLE. 
 M. Ream, New York, 
 
 OWNBR. 
 
 L. W. Volk. 
 Mrs. L. M. Wagner. 
 
 Artist. 
 Artist. 
 
 Artist. 
 
 (See page 14.) 
 
 Artist. 
 
 Mr. Perro. 
 
 M. Kimfcall. 
 
 page 20.) 
 
 # 
 
 Mr. Davis. t 
 
 Artist. 
 
 Mr. Davis. 
 
 Mrs. L. M. Wagner. 
 
 Miss Clayl 
 
 AKE Cenl;
 
 SCULPTURE. 
 
 N TITUB AXD ARTIST. OWNER. 
 
 121 BUST OF ALLEGRO. 
 
 David Richards, Chicago. Artist. 
 
 122 BUST OF WALTER COBB. (See page 24.) 
 
 L. W. Volk, Chicago. S. B. Cobb. 
 
 123 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER. (See page 24.) 
 
 Edward V. Valentine, Richmond, Va. Artist. 
 
 124 THE NATION'S WARD. (See page 25.) 
 
 E. V. Valentine. Artist. 
 
 125 STATUETTE, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. (See page 24.) 
 
 L. W. Volk. Artist. 
 
 126 STATUETTE, STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. (See page 24.) 
 
 L. W. Volk. Artist. 
 
 127 ROGERS'S GROUPS. 
 
 John Rogers, New York. West & Co. 
 
 128 BUST OF THE YOUNG AUGUSTUS. (Seepage 24.) 
 
 L. W. Volk, after antique. Mrs. J. Y. Scammon. 
 
 129 IONE. (See page 25.) 
 
 L. W. Volk. H. O. Stone. 
 
 130 ZENOBIA. (See page 24.) 
 
 Harriet Hosmer. Potter Palmer. 
 
 131 BUST OF J. YOUNG SCAMMON. (See page 24.) 
 
 L. W. Volk. J. Y. Scammon. 
 
 132 DREAMING. An Ideal Bust. (See page 24.) 
 
 A. L Lansing. H. S. Lansing. 
 
 HEBE. (See page 98 of Guide Proper.} 
 
 Canova. Public Library of Kentucky. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 PORTRAITS. C. D. Mosher. 
 
 LANDSCAPES. P. B. Green. 
 
 PORTRAITS AND LANDSCAPES. C. Gentile. 
 
 PORTRAITS AND LANDSCAPES. Copelin & Son. 
 
 PORTRAITS. H. Rocher. 
 
 PORTRAITS. Alfred Hall. 
 
 PORTRAITS. E. L. Brand & Co. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF GEO. H. LAFLIN. E. L. Brand. 
 
 STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS. Lovejoy & Foster. 
 
 PORTRAITS. George J. Klein. 
 
 PORTRAITS. E. D. Ormsfcy.
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS Continued. 
 
 PORTRAITS. Rider & Barnard. 
 PORTRAITS. T. S. Johnson. 
 PORTRAITS. Thomas Severn. 
 PORTRAITS. S. M Fassett. 
 ARIZONA CURIOSITIES. C. Gentile. 
 
 ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. W. L. B. Jenney. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. Sturgis. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. Armstrong & Egan. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. De Forrest & Fisher. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. A. J. York. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. James Murdoch. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. Wheelock & Thomas. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. Adam L. Robb. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. L. C. Welch. 
 
 COURT HOUSE DESIGN. Thomas Tilley. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION, PHILADELPHIA. Photo- 
 graphs of Ten Competing Plans. 
 
 PERSPECTIVE VIEWS. J. B. Tyerman. 
 
 WOOD CARVINGS, ETC. 
 
 CARTON PIERRE. Godard and Le Jeune. 
 WAX-WORK. L. MacLean. 
 WAX-WORK. Mrs. I. M. Bell. 
 WAX-WORK. Miss Lizzie Baxter. 
 WAX-WORK. Mrs. Cook. 
 
 STAINED GLASS. 
 
 STAINED WINDOW. Henry Goetinck, artist of Otto Jevne& C. 
 STAINED WINDOW. Geo. A. Misch. 
 CUT-GLASS WINDOW. James Berry & Co.
 
 Grandest Scheme Ever Known. 
 
 fourth Qrand Q-ift Qoncert, 
 
 FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY OF KENTUCKY. 
 
 12,000 CASH GIFTS, $1,500,000, 
 
 EVERY FIFTH TICKET DRAWS A GIFT. 
 
 S25O,OOO.OO IFOIR, S5O.OO 
 
 The Fourth Grand Gift Concert, authorized by special act of the Legislature, for the 
 benefit of the Public Library of Kentucky, will take place in Public Library Hall, at Louis- 
 
 WEDNESDA Y, DECEMBER 3, 1873. 
 
 Only sixty thousand tickets will be sold, and one-half of these are intended for the 
 European market, thus leaving only 30,000 for sale in the United States, where 100,000 were 
 disposed of for the Third Concert. The tickets are divided into ten coupons, or parts, and 
 have on their back the Scheme, with a full explanation of the mode of drawing. 
 
 At this Concert, which will be the grandest musical display ever witnessed in this coun- 
 try, the unprecedented sum of 
 
 $1,5OO.OQO, 
 
 Divided into i?,o-x> cash gifts, will bo distributed by lot among the ticket-holders. The num- 
 bers of the tickets to be drawn from one wheel by blind children, and the gifts from another. 
 
 LIST OF 1 O I F 1 T S . 
 
 CHI G2AND CASH GIFT $250.000 I BO Cash Gift:, $1,000 each.. 50,000 
 
 o: E GSA::D CASH GIFT 100,000 I s: :uh sifts, sooeach 4 ,000 
 
 ONE S3.-.K CASH GIFT 50,000 100 Cash Gifts, 400 each 40.COO 
 
 CSS G::ASD CA'.H GI:T - 25,000 1503ah Gifts, SOOoach 45,000 
 
 OSE GSA..D CASH GIFT 17,500 250 Cwh Gifts, 200 each 50,000 
 
 10 :ash G:fu, $10,COO each 100,000 325 :ash Gifts, 100 oach 32,500 
 
 SOCashGJa, 5,000 each 150,000 11,000 Cash Gifts, 50 each 550,000 
 
 Total, 12,000 Gifts, ALL CASH, amounting to $1,500,000 
 
 The distribution will be positive whether all the tickets are sold or not, and the 12,000 
 gifts al! paid in proportion to the tickets sold all unsold tickets 'being destroyed, as at the 
 First and Second Concerts, and not represented in the drawing. 
 
 PRICES OF TICKETS. 
 
 Whole Tickets. $50.00 ; Halves, $25.00 ; Tenths, or Each Coupon, $5 00 : Eleven Whole 
 Tickets or $50000; 22 1-2 Tickets for $1,000 00 ; 113 Whole Tickets for $5.000 00. 227 
 Whole Tickets for $10,000.00. No discount on less than $500.00 worth of Tickets at a 
 time. 
 
 The unparalleled success of the Third Gift Concert, as well as the satisfaction given by 
 the First and Second, makes it only necessary to announce the Fourth, to insure the 
 prompt sale of every ticket. The fourth Gift Concert will be conducted in all its details like 
 the Third, and full particulars may be learned from circulars, which will be sent free from this 
 office to all who may apply for them. 
 
 Tickets now ready tor sale, and all orders accompanied by the money promptly filled. 
 Liberal terms given to those who buy to sell again. 
 
 THOS. E. BRAMLETTE, 
 
 Agent Public Library, Ky., and Manager Gift Concert 
 Public Library Building, Louisville, Ky.
 
 H. ROCHER, 
 
 portrait 1 hotographer, 
 
 RESIDENCK AND STUDIO. 
 
 784 Wabash Avenue, - CHICAGO. 
 
 . 
 
 0/fP*<J?&W$ 
 
 No. 14 NORTH SHELDON STREET. 
 
 Burial Crosses and Wreaths, Flowers and Autumn Leaves, Pictures, 
 Epergnes, etc., made to order. 
 
 Vf PRIVATE LESSORS AT HER RESIDEJfCE.~&L 
 
 L. T. 
 
 Decorator of China mi 
 
 226 WEST LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. 
 
 Decorating to Pattern or Original Designs. Coats of Arms, Crests, Initials. 
 Monograms and Mottoes put upon China ia the best style. 
 
 ORDERS PROMPTLY EX EC UTE D .fB 
 
 ? 
 SOUTH-EAST CORNER CLARK AND LAKE STS., 
 
 Steel Plate Eugrayii auJ PMU ani Lfflogrfflliicf a* of all idnis, 
 
 C. C. CHENEY, Treasurer. - JAMES LAWTON. Secretary.
 
 :. E. WOOD,,- 
 
 ' V^J 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST, 
 
 Furniture, Ornamentel Carved Work, Glass, Crockery, Hardware, 
 
 and all Sample Goods Photographed on reasonable terms, 
 
 iiiul executed with promptness. 
 
 ") 
 
 y 
 
 . "WILLIS, 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHER, 
 
 Northwest Corner State and Madison Streets. 
 ACCESS BY ELEVATOR OR STAIRS. ENTRANCE ON MADISON STREET. 
 
 H. MEINHARD, 
 
 WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER, 
 
 No. 1192 State Street, near 26th, Chicago, UL, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 "WATCHES OF ALL KINDS ACCURATELY REPAIRED AND 
 WARRANTED. 
 
 Se&~See Clock in Art Department. 
 
 THE CHICAGO EV MI Nr, 
 
 EVEN I H/? 
 
 In th 
 
 STJIBSOIF 
 
 Only 
 
 v|>i
 
 IOWA RAILROAD LANDS! 
 OVER ONE MILLION AND A HALF ACRES 
 
 more, liy the 
 
 Iowa Railroad Land. Company, 
 
 
 All! 1 . I-' tin 1 Iowa Kailri.idii, to wlii'-h t!:e.v U'Te Krant' il '> t 
 
 follows 
 
 Chicago & North-Western Railway, - -4 855,965 spres, 
 
 Illinois Central Railway, - - - iwiL 587.U5:; 
 
 Sioux City & Pacific Kailway, - - - - 00,601 acres, 
 
 An 1 !,p<-at"d in the middle reirion <if Western luwa. 
 
 ' j-^L- Jt _ >; _ Zl __12 2 -S.'J^L ^ 
 
 /^; "-.LJ,..: */ 
 
 ,/X^ -^ A^. 
 
 MOWAR.R.LANDCO 
 
 AOKICfl.TCIiAI, ADVANTAOKS. 
 
 A-. ii<-t>, less tliii'. n Chin) 
 
 / -uf ;:Tc:it ilc|iili ii'nt ;.: 'Mii.-tiv 
 veil il: . [il> n'i!'i:!iv v. it. !..,] ulth 
 
 >f sure and abnndant crop. '!'! '^ri- 
 
 . w i>e>i demonstrated I'.v th< i';r I 
 
 S"ttli-li|.-iit l:rv.s A MOMS, iind ill! that llav 'iiti'il. 
 
 TKRMS OF I' 
 
 arc made to suit the means of nil cliwaes. Intfi-'-t "hi 
 
 ii'. \\ 
 
 The Town E':pre^ trar "i.run 
 
 or via FrcejKirt :uid DiiLinjiir run 'lin-n!;, ilu-.m^li \.itlnp, n lijeli 
 
 I.AMi 
 
 i. gnoil for thirty daj-s. Th ti'-Up'ts <MH 1... Imd at tli. i-iii i,f tin- ('"ini'miy, > 
 
 .r T'edar lta]ii<K I.pua. an.: payment for land 
 
 Chicago ' an i.lp|:pin HP in at the riiii 
 
 ti ilie^.- Hues to nn.v desired jH'iu: i-:iid ilistfict. Kl'-l I 
 
 \froin '!: i-t them in n M;:]i- :'iid i>:.m- ' 
 
 . .mid all needt'nl itu' rn.ali PII t'nniii>h-d free, liy 
 
 
 re . and 
 
 B f OALHOUN, 
 
 Land Commissioner. 

 
 
 RPtRE
 
 siN^ ' - s *
 
 V: 
 
 WM 
 

 
 k^