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ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL 
 f SURVEY LIBRARY 
 
 JUL 19 1957 
 
 y 
 
 \ 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 Urbana, Illinois 
 
 John C. JTrye, Chief 
 
 ) 
 
 \ILLINC1S 
 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS NOTES 
 
 Number' 6, July 15; 1957 
 
 L This issue of Industrial Minerals Notes deals with 
 mineral economics and relates to a comparison of fuels consump- 
 tion in 19^7 and 195^+ in three industries whose raw materials are 
 industrial minerals, namely cement, glass products, and brick and 
 hollow tile. The following material is based on nation-wide data 
 and has been calculated from reports of the U. S. Bureau of Census. 
 The information has been brought together as of interest to Illinois 
 industries. 
 
 TREND IN FUEL USES IN SELECTED INDUSTRIAL MINERAL PRODUCTS, 
 
 19*+7 AND 195 1 * 
 
 Walter H. Voskuil 
 Principal Mineral Economist 
 
 The Census of Manufacturers, in the years 19^7 and 195^, 
 gathered detailed reports on the quantity and cost of fuels and 
 electric power used in manufactures. From the data presented in 
 the Census reports on manufactures, an analysis has been made 
 showing the quantity and cost of each fuel used, the quantity of 
 fuel used per man employed, and the change from 19^7 to 195^, the 
 cost of each of the fuels used (expressed in b.t.u. 's), the re- 
 lation of fuel costs to wages and salaries paid, and the number 
 of kilowatt-hours used per employee and the change from 19*+7 to 
 195*+. Three industrial mineral products have been selected for 
 analysis — cement, glass products, and brick and hollow tile. 
 
 Fuels Consumption in Cement Manufacture, 19*+7 and 195^ 
 
 Cement manufacture is one of the industries which uses 
 a large quantity of fuel relative to the number of persons employed, 
 
 Table 1 shows that cement production in 195^ was ^3.7 
 percent greater than in 19*+7. During the same period, number of 
 employees increased 11.5 percent whereas average $fteomes Increased 
 5o percent. 
 
URBANA 
 
-2- 
 
 Coal, fuel oil, and natural gas are all used as fuels. 
 Coal showed a slight decline, fuel oil showed a modest gain, and 
 natural gas a gain of 77 percent. The over-all gain in fuel use was 
 17.9 percent, but fuel consumption per barrel of cement declined 
 18 percent during the 19*+7 to 195*+ interval. The relation of fuel 
 costs to wages and salaries dropped from 63.5 percent in 19*+7 to 
 58.3 percent in 195^. 
 
 Natural gas. the lowest cost fuel, has shown the most 
 increase in cost from ±9*+7 to 195^. 
 
 Electric power used per worker increased 2*+. 5 percent. 
 
 Table 1. - NATIONAL TRENDS IN CEMENT MANUFACTURE 
 
 Item 
 
 No. of employees 
 
 Payroll, $1,000 
 
 Average income per employee 
 
 Fuels used, trillion b.t.u. 's 
 
 coal 
 
 coke 
 
 fuel oil 
 
 gas 
 Total 
 
 Cost of fuels, $1,000 
 Percent fuel cost of payroll 
 B.t.u. 's per worker, millions 
 KW hrs. per worker 
 Fuel costs, cents per million 
 b. t.u. r s 
 
 coal 
 
 coke 
 
 fuel oil 
 
 gas 
 Barrels of cement produced 
 B.t.u. f s used per barrel 
 Average cost per barrel 
 
 19^7 
 
 35,662 
 
 $98,626 
 $ 2^766 
 
 209.7 
 .20 
 
 25.7 
 
 70.7 
 
 •306.3 
 
 $62,507 
 63.5 
 
 115,6^-1 
 
 21.1+2 
 
 195*+ Percent change 
 
 39,769 A1.5 
 
 $167,659 /70.0 
 
 $■ ^-,216 /56.0 
 
 201.8 -33726^-^ 
 
 3C.2 /33.01 
 
 125.2 /77.12 
 
 361.2 /17.9 
 
 1.97,^19 /56.1 
 ^8.3 
 
 9,082 / 5.7 
 
 1M+, 007 /2^.5 
 
 26.15 /22.1 
 
 32. ho 51.26 /58.2 
 
 13.07 21.66 /65.7 
 
 189,^70,^65 272,352,557 A3. 7 
 
 1 616 616 1,326,180 -18.0 
 
 $ 1.90 $ 2.76 A5.3 
 
 Fuel Consumption in Glass Products Manufacture, 
 
 19^-7 and 195^ 
 
 Glass industries in this report include "flat glass, 
 glass containers, and pressed and blown glassware," as classified by 
 the Census. It does not include "products of purchased glass." 
 
 Both employment and fuel consumed declined slightly in 
 the glass making industries in the interval from 19^7 to 195^, 
 (table 2.). Consumption of coal and fuel both lost heavily whereas 
 gas gained in consumption. Fuel used per worker in the 19*+7 to 195*+ 
 interval declined slightly. Use of electric power per worker showed 
 a gain of ¥+.7 percent. Fuel cost changes were varied. Fuel oil 
 remained almost unchanged at a high level; coal gained less than oil 
 and was the lowest cost fuel of the three. 
 
-3- 
 
 Table 2. - TRENDS IN FUEL CONSUMPTION IN GLASS 
 PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE, 19^7 and 195*+ 
 
 1^2 19^7 195W Percent change 
 
 No. of employees 116, 5^3 115,893 - .56 
 
 Payroll, f 1,000 $31^ 35^ SW 076 /5^o9 
 
 Fuels used, trillion b. t.u. 's 
 
 coal 30.00 18.58 -38.1 
 
 coke #?0 50 
 
 fuel oil 2o!98 9*.01 -57.1 
 
 T S as 100.29 121.70 /21.35 
 
 al 151 77 l*+9 79 - 1 ^ 
 
 Cost of fuels $1,000 $ kh/$2k $ 53,510 /17.00 
 
 Percent fuels cost of payroll H+.2 1&.9 -1 
 
 B.t.u. »s per worker, millions 1,302 1,281+ _ 1# 1+ 
 
 KW hrs. per worker 13,008 18,819 /Mf.7 
 
 Puel costs, cents per million 1 ' 
 b. t.u. f s 
 
 $ oa } , n 20.S+ 23.83 /Ik.k 
 
 fuel oil 1,9.96 5 g #1 ^ 
 
 gas 26.58 35.25 Z32.62 
 
 Fuel Consumption in Brick and Hollow Tile 
 Manufacture, 19^-7 and 195*+ 
 
 in +v,p m a ™J he <- brick * an ? hollow tile industry is engaged primarily 
 
 " ^ e , m anufacture of clay building brick, vitrified paving brick, 
 
 and hollow structural tile. ' 
 
 the us^ of not ~ S ? ° f °? al declined sharply from 19^7 to 195^ and; 
 oil accosts for a L!f +^ Cr ?| Sed correspondliigly (table 3.). Fuel 
 fuels in^LoS i SS *J han 15 P ercent of all fuels used. Cost of 
 costs 1p« ?S ? v h ? n Wages and salaries during this period. Gas 
 
 ?or Ls ?han ^SSi^V*! °??V S going up at a ffiore ra P id rate 
 coal and gls. * ' Fuel oil is more than double the c ° st of both 
 
 the Deriod Shfif«o S ?2 pGP ™°l ke * increased about 10 percent during 
 percent. Whereas the use of electric power increased more than $0 
 
 Table 3. - NATIONAL TRENDS IN FUEL CONSUMPTION 
 IN BRICK AND HOLLOW TILE MANUFACTURE 
 
 Item 191+2 12^ Percent change 
 
 Ml*! ftKJ wages 29 ' 617 32 ^ 26 ' ^ 
 
 Aver^e S ^r r o?? | 6 f^ f«° 'M'P 
 
 Fuels used, trillion b.t.ul's ' 3,?3 ^ ' 
 
 coke ^-^ 2 ?-, 2 7 "39.29 
 
 gaS 23.31 53.20 /128.26 
 
Table 
 
 -t- 
 3. (Cont'd) 
 
 
 
 Item 
 
 ISfcZr . 
 
 19^ 
 
 Percent change 
 
 Total fuels 
 
 80.63 
 
 96.8 
 
 /20.10 
 
 Cost of fuels $1,000 
 
 $21,160 
 
 $29, 88^- 
 
 Al.23 
 
 Cost of fuels, cents per 
 
 
 
 
 million b.t.u. 's 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 coal 
 
 &*'.Th 
 
 27.95 
 
 /15.8 
 
 fuel oil 
 
 51.38 
 
 56.89 
 
 /10.7 
 
 gas 
 
 18.27 
 
 23.60 
 
 /29.2 
 
 Percent fuel cost of payroll 
 
 30.1+9 
 
 26.0^ 
 
 
 B.t.u. f s per worker, 
 
 
 Jk 9H 
 
 
 millions used 
 
 2,722 
 
 -229f86 
 
 / 9.70 
 
 KW hrs. used per worker 
 
 8|¥tl 
 
 11,997 
 
 A2.13