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 \
 
 RECEIVED FOR BURSARIES by THE CHANCELLOR 
 
 Annual Stcbscriptions. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 The Lord Bishop of Lincoln 100 
 
 The Rev. Canon Wordsworth 10 
 
 A. 0. Prickard, Esq 10 
 
 The Rev. Canon Pretyman 20 
 
 Earl Beauchamx) 15 
 
 £155 
 
 The above have been paid in 1874 and 1875. Lord Beauchamp' 
 subscription is promised for 5 years. 
 
 Donations. 
 
 A Lady 
 
 „ (2nd donation) 
 
 Rev. J. J. Trebeck 
 
 Miss E. Frere 
 
 Rev. Canon Ainslie 
 
 Dunston Offertory 
 
 Riseholme Chapel Offertory 
 
 SPECIAL. 
 £900 for 3 years stipend to Vice- Chancellor by two Friends. 
 
 £100 by the Bishop of Lincoln towards the re-endowment of tl 
 Stall of Buckden, for a Teacher of Theology in the School for trainii 
 Candidates for Holy Orders at Lincoln. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 d. 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 7 
 
 8 
 
 2 7 
 
 6 
 
 10 8 
 
 
 
 £6Q 8 
 
 2
 
 ^ 
 
 THE NEED 
 
 INCREASE 
 
 HOME EPISCOPATE, 
 
 WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF 
 
 HENRY VIII's SCHEME 
 
 FOR ITS SUri'LY, 
 
 AND THE CAUSE OF ITS FAILURE. 
 
 SECOND EDITION ENLARGED. 
 
 LEEDS : R. JACKSON, 
 
 1875. 
 Price 3d., or 2s. per doz.
 
 A Letter from the late Rev. Chancellor Massingberd. 
 Dear Mr. Lewthwaite, 
 
 I quite agree with you in your learned and 
 able Tract on " The need of an Increase in the Home 
 Episcopate," and in the view you take of Henry Viiith's 
 Scheme for its supply. I have no doubt your former labours 
 in this cause have helped towards the point at which we have 
 now arrived, and I wish you all success in promoting further 
 progress. 
 
 Believe me, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 F. C. Massingberd. 
 Ormsby, June 4th, 1870. • 
 
 A Letter from The Lord Bishop of Nottingham. 
 
 Collingham, 20th Sept., 1870. 
 Dear Mr, Lewthwaite, 
 
 I write to acknowledge the receipt of your 
 letter and of the accompanying proof sheets. 
 
 It would be impossible for me, as the senior of the restored 
 class of Bishops-Suffragan, to withhold my approval from 
 your excellent Pamphlet. 
 
 I feel greatly mdebted to you for the deep knowledge of 
 the subject which you have been at the pains to acquire, 
 and for the skill and care with which you have exhibited its 
 bearings, both moral and historical. It is impossible to 
 read your statement of the vast increase in our population 
 without admitting the necessity for an increased number of 
 Bishops, if the Chuixh is to contmue to be the Church of 
 the People. 
 
 I must express my conviction that your theory of the 
 signature of the Suffragans is right. I have adopted that 
 which I now use as an act of obedience ; but my belief is that 
 it is contrary to precedent, inconsistent with Statute Law, 
 and, — I should have added, but for the opinion of the Law 
 officers of the Crown, — disrespectful to the Crown as the 
 Fountain of Honour, and to the Law M'hich seals the titles 
 conferred by the Crown. 
 
 Excuse a somewhat hasty letter, and 
 Believe me always. 
 
 Your faithful Brother, 
 
 Hv. Mackenzie, 
 Bp. Suff" of Nottingham.
 
 INCREASE OF THE HOME EPISCOPATE. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The number of our Bishops small as compared with what 
 was intended at previous periods of our History — 
 especially so in the Province of York. — Canon of the 
 Synod of Hertford. 
 
 The population of England has multiplied five-fold 
 since tlie middle of the sixteenth century. At that 
 time it was one of the proposed measures of Reform- 
 ation to institute at least ten new Sees in addition to 
 the five which were then created,* besides providing 
 for the appointment of 26 Assistant Bishops, t all 
 for the requirements of the then existing population ; 
 yet only one See has since been added. J It is evi- 
 dent, then, that the increase of the H ome Episcopate 
 has become a matter of pressing importance to the 
 Church. Indeed the number of Bishops in the 
 Province of York has now only just attained to 
 the half of what were designed for it in the time of 
 
 * 31 Hen. viii. c. 9. See Collier's Eccles. Hist., Partil. 
 Bk. lii. pp. 49, 79 ; Bk. iv. p. 464, ed. 1852 : and below, 
 p. 14. 
 
 t 26 Hen. viii. o. 14, revived 1 Elizabeth, c. 1. See 
 below, p. 19. 
 
 X Eipon and Manchester being created, Gloucedter and 
 Bristol were united. 6 and 7 Gul. iv. c. 77.
 
 St. Augustine, the first missionary to the English peo- 
 ple : the fulfilment of which purpose was urged as 
 most important by Venerable Bede in the following 
 century.* Moreover, it must be remembered that 
 
 * Bede's letter ^o Abp. Egbert. See extracts hereafter. 
 
 British Period. 
 
 In the ancient British Church there were three Metropo- 
 litans or Primates, the Archbishops of London, York, and 
 Caerleon, where we have now only two. 
 
 The number of Bishops in the British Church cannot now 
 be ascertained. Matthew of Westminster informs us that on 
 the first conversion of the whole of Britain in the time of 
 King Lucius, through the preaching of Faganus and Der- 
 vlanus, A.D. 185, twenty-eight Bishops were established in 
 so many cities of the kingdom, and were placed under three 
 Archbishops. He gives the names of the Metropolitan Sees, 
 and describes their provinces. See also Henry of Huifting- 
 don, p. 176, ed. Saville ; Soames' Anglo-Saxon Ch., Intro- 
 duction. 
 
 Seven British Bishops are recorded as present at the Con- 
 ference held by Augustine with the British Church. For 
 accounts of the names of their Sees, see Spelman's Concilia, 
 vol. i. pp. 27, 106. Dr. Lingard, however, supposes that 
 they were Chorepiscopi, of whom he believes that the suc- 
 cessors of S. David were in the habit of ordaining a great 
 number. (Anglo-Sax. Ch. Hist. vol. i. p. 70. See also, 
 Tract "On Suffragan Bishops," p. 13 note.) 
 
 The learned Bingham, after mentioning the recorded Sees 
 of the British Bishops who met Aut^ustine, proceeds, "Now 
 if the number of Bishops in other Provinces was answerable 
 to this, we may conclude there were more Bishops before 
 the invasion of the Saxons than there are at this day." 
 B. IX. c. vi. s. 19. 
 
 Saxon Period. 
 
 Pope Gregory's advice to the Missionary Augustine for 
 the organization of the Anglo-Saxon Church was, that he 
 should establish two Metropolitans, with twelve Suffragans 
 under each of them. (a.D. 601, Bede's I'-ccles. Hist. I. 29.) 
 These were besides the remaining Bishops of the British 
 Church, of whom Gregory had made mention in a previous 
 letter. (Do. i. 27.) 

 
 the Diocesans during the middle ages made great use 
 of assistant Bishops for the service of their much 
 
 "The Anglo-Saxon Bi-^hoprics in the time of Bede, when he 
 gave Abp. Egbert the advice in the text, amounted to four- 
 teen, at the end of the An<rlo-Saxon period their number 
 was fifteen, new Sees having been founded, and others 
 suppressed through the ravages of the Danes and other like 
 cause?. (Lingard's Hist. Anglo-Sax. Ch. vol. ii. pp. 87, 
 385. Soames' Anglo-Sax. Ch. p. 270.) 
 
 Present Time. 
 
 Our present number of Bishops amounts only to twenty- 
 eight, inclusive of the four Welsh Sees and that of Man, all 
 of which were established before the coming of Augustine, 
 and are not included in the above reckoning. 
 
 The population of England and Wales was probably about 
 1,250,000, in William the Conqueror's time, and m the Reign 
 of Henry VIII. amounted to about 4, 000, 000. (First Report 
 of the Cathedral Commissioners, p. xxxviii.) 
 
 The rapidity of the increase of population has been de- 
 scribed as follows in the Report of the Census of 1851 : — 
 
 "The most important result which the enquiry establishes, 
 is the addition, in half a century^ o/Te^ Millions of people 
 to the British population. The increase of population in the 
 half of this century nearly equals the increase /« all preceding 
 ages ; and the addition in the last te7i years of two millions 
 three hundred thousand to the inhabitants of these islands 
 exceeds the increase in the last fifty years of the eighteenth 
 century." — Census of Great Britain, 1851, vol. i. p. Ixxxii. 
 s. 8 ; Cath. Com. First Report, p. xxix. 
 
 Thus it apjiears that, notwithstanding the manifold in- 
 crease of population, the English Bi&hops are fewer in 
 number than were intended for the population in existence 
 at the beginning of the seventh century, when it had not 
 attained to one-twelfth of its present amount. 
 
 "If parochial organization is indispensable for the well- 
 being ot a parish, ditjcesan organization is essential for the 
 well ordering of a diocese : and, in point of fact, it is an 
 anomaly of preposterous magnitude, that whilst ihe popula- 
 tion of our dioceses is increasing with a rapidity unprecedented, 
 whilst the number of Priests and Deacons is increasiogi —
 
 smaller populations. The appointments of 297 or 
 more such assistant Bishops in England are on 
 record between the years a.d. 1016 and a.d. 1605,* 
 when the practice fell into disuse, though it had 
 been approved and adopted under the Reformation, 
 and has still the sanction of law. 
 
 It is then no disparagement to those "who now 
 occupy that exalted dignity, to say that it is physi- 
 cally impossible that the existing small number of 
 Bishops can adequately discharge the duties of their 
 function, immensely increased as these are by the 
 increase of population, clergy, and churches ; and 
 that consequently a great loss results to the Church. 
 How important it would be to have a spiritual head 
 present in our great centres of industry ! the more 
 needed now that their parochial unity has in many 
 instances been destroyed, and the power of the Rec- 
 tor or Vicar of the formerly united parish to bring 
 the ability of the more wealthy districts to the suc- 
 cour of the poorer, greatly diminished. Still more 
 would this boon be full of hope and promise, if the 
 Church reposed her confidence in a Bishop in whose 
 appointment she had been allowed her rightful and 
 constitutional voice. 
 
 It was the rule and custom of the primitive 
 Church to have a Bishop wherever there was a 
 municipality for the regulation of civil afijiirs ;t and 
 our own Synod of Hertford, held under Archbishop 
 
 though in a ratio very unequal to the wants of the case, — the 
 number of superior officers in this vast army is only greater 
 by one than it was three hundred years ago." Dr. Atlay, 
 (Bishop of Hereford), On Diocesan Oiganization. York 
 Church Congress Report, p, 12(3. 
 
 * See Tract "On Suffragan Bishops," p. 11. 
 
 + Bingham, Grig. Eccles., bk. ix. c. 8, conclusion." S. Paul
 
 Theodore, in the seventh century, re-enacted, as 
 one of the most important of the ancient Canons, 
 that " more Bishops should be made as the number 
 of believers increased."* 
 
 directed Titus to ordain Elders in Crete^'in every city;' that 
 is, to settle an ecclesiastical senate and government in every 
 place wiiere there was before a civil one ; which, from the 
 subsequent history of the Church, we learn, was a bishop and 
 his presbytery, who where conjunctly called the elders and 
 senate of the Chruch." lb. c. i. s, 2. See also Hooker''s Ecclea. 
 Pol. Bk. VII. ch. viii. 2, and the references there given in 
 Keble's note; Cod Just. i. 3. de Episc. et Cler. 36, p. 35 ed. 
 Gothofr. 1688 ; Photius, Nomocanon, p. 85, ed. Paris, 1620. 
 '' Let each city have its own bishop :" and S. Cyprian, Ep. ]v. 
 20, Oxon. Tran?., " Whereas Bishops have been already or- 
 dained through all provinces and through every city." 
 
 * A.D. 673. Bede, Eccles. Hist. 1. iv. c. 5. Dr. Lingard, 
 in opposition to the authority of Mr. Soames, (Hist, of Ang. 
 Sax. Ch. pp. 70 note, 270,) and of Henry "Wharton, (Anglia 
 Sacra, i. 424 ; see also a note on this Canon in Johnson's 
 Canons, ed. 1850,) thinks that this Canon was not passed. 
 He says, " No powers of any individual were adequate to the 
 government of Dioceses so extensive ; and Theodore, from the 
 moment of his arrival in England, had formed the design of 
 breaking them into smaller or more proportionate districts. 
 But few men can behold with pleasure the diminution of their 
 authority or profit : and the duty of transmitting unimpaired 
 to future ages the dignity which they enjoyed would furnish 
 the reluctant Prelates with a specious objection against the 
 measures of the Primate." This stricture, however, on the 
 possible motives which might influence the Episcopal mind, is 
 no sufficient argument for interpreting the Council's postpone- 
 ment of the consideration of the details of the measure into 
 the rejection of the Canon itself. It is evident, on Dr. Lin- 
 gard's own shewing, that the Canon was speedily acted upon. 
 i\lip. Theodore himself consecrated five and four Prelates 
 instead of one respectively, in each of the kingdoms of Mercia 
 and Nortliumbria : and his successor, Abp. Brithwald, divided 
 the kingdom of Wessex into two Sees, establishing another in 
 Sussex, where before there had been altogether only one. 
 (Lingard's Hist. Anglo. Sax. Ch. vol. i, pp. 86, 87.)
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The number of our Bishops small indeed as compared with 
 those of the Trimitive Church.— The large size of 
 modern Dioceses a great stumbling block to the Puri- 
 tans. — Promise of King Charles II. in his letter from 
 Breda to provide a sufficient number of Suffragan 
 Bishops. — Statistics— of Foreign Countries— Colonial — 
 and Home Dioceses— and Towns.— New Sees proposed 
 by Henry VIII., and how they failed — by the Cathedral 
 Commission — Henry viii.'s Suffragan Titles. 
 
 It has been shown that the existing number of our 
 Bishops is lamentably small as compared with what 
 was proposed at previous periods of our history. 
 We shall arrive at a like result if we examine the 
 arrangements of the primitive Church, or of other 
 nations of Christendom at the present day. 
 
 It appears that in Asia-Minor and North Africa, 
 which were perhaps three or four times as large as 
 England and Wales, there were respectively about 
 40U and 460 Sees. Ancient Egypt, Libya, and 
 Pentapolis, which probably never contained a popu- 
 lation approaching to ours, had upwards of 100 
 Episcopal Sees. And to refer the argument to 
 Apostolic times, the Seven Churches of Asia, to the 
 Angels or Bishops* of which St. John wrote the 
 
 * S. August. Ep. cxlii. : "Sub Angeli nomine divina voce 
 \2i[idi^\.y\r propositus Ecelesice f and S. Ambrose in i Cor. xi. : 
 *' Angelos jfi'/z'jr^/r'j' dicit ;" cf. S.Jerome in I Cor. xi. See 
 also Hooker, vii. v. 2 ; Abp. Bramhall, Works, ii. 69 ; iii. 
 470 ; and Archdeacon Wordsworth, Westminster Abbey Occa- 
 sional Serm. No. xxxvi. p. 59, whence this note is borrowe<I,
 
 Apocalyptic Epistles, were all in the region of Pro- 
 consular Asia, a district a little larger than our 
 Yorkshire and Lancashire ; yet these were metro- 
 politan cities, having, it is probable, other lesser 
 Sees around them. Such appear in the records of 
 the Church in succeeding times, as at Magnesia, 
 Tralles, and many other places.* 
 
 It seems to have been the method of the Church 
 in later ages, on first planting the Gospel in new 
 countries, to establish comparatively few Sees, with 
 the intention that they should be multiplied as the 
 number of believers increased.t But in our own 
 country, unhappily, this purpose has not been 
 carried out ; for, although in the early times of the 
 Anglo-Saxon Church there was a small increase in 
 the number of Sees, and again in the sixteenth cen- 
 tury, yet altogether, inclusive of the See of Man- 
 chester, they have not yet reached the number that 
 was designed for her in her missionary condition at 
 the beginning of the seventh century. J 
 
 * Bingham, B. ix. c. 2, 3, Ussher's Dis. on Procons. Asia. 
 See also Archdeacon Wordsworth as above, p. 61. There 
 were more than fifty Episcopal Sees in the district of Pio- 
 consular Asia in the eighth century. 
 
 + See Bingham, ix. ii, 4. 
 
 J Very different from this intention appears to have been 
 the motive which ruled in this matter in the Norman times, 
 during which Mie Sees of Ely and Carlisle alone were founded. 
 The Abbot of Ely wishing to get his wealthy house made a 
 Bishop's See, urged the need of subdivision of the enormous 
 Diocese of Lincoln, and suggested the suitableness of his 
 Abbey Church for a Cathedral, &c. He obtained his pur- 
 pose on the following terms, that the Abbey of Ely should 
 hand over several manors to the See of Lincoln ; in consider- 
 ation of which the Bishops of Lincoln were bound to present 
 yearly to the king a rich gown, furred with ermine, of the 
 ▼alue, some say, of one hundred pounds, others, one bun-
 
 8 
 
 If tills intention of the Church had been faithfully 
 carried out, and by these divinely appointed " joints 
 and bands nourishment had been duly ministered 
 and the body knit together," might we not believe 
 that it would have so *' increased with the increase 
 of God," * that England would have been saved 
 from many of her sorrows ?t We know that the 
 objection of the Puritans in the seventeenth century 
 was to Prelacy (by which they understood high 
 dignity with little regard to duty), rather than to 
 Episcopal superintendence ;% and the Protestants of 
 the Continent, who, in the difficulties of the Reform- 
 ation, were unwillingly separated from Episcopal 
 government, felt the large extent of northern dio- 
 ceses (so far beyond the power of efficient superin- 
 tendence) to be a great obstacle to their seeking its 
 restoration. § 
 
 dred marks. The good Bishop St. Hup^h, got rid of this 
 tax by paying a sura down. (Giraldus Cambrensis, Anglia 
 Sac. vol. IT. pp. 417, 419. Kichardus Eliensis, Angl. Sac. 
 vol. I. p. 678.) 
 
 * Col. ii. 19. Eph. iv. 16. 
 
 + Dr. Heylin says, speaking of the times of the Rebellion, 
 that "had confirmation been as diligently practised by 
 the Bishops as it was piously and religiously retained by 
 them, it would have much conduced to their safe standing 
 in the Church, and procured a greater veneration for their 
 persons also." See his "Introduction to the Life of Abp. 
 Laud," p. 10, And Dr. Brett believed that by the cessation 
 of the appointment of Suffragan Bishops the Church has in 
 a great measure been deprived of the benefit of Confirmation 
 for that the neglect began about the same time. See Brett's 
 "Suffragan Bishops," p. 5. 
 
 X See Hardwick, Ch. Hist. Ref. p. 154, and notes ; Collier, 
 vol. vi. p. 502 ; Russell's Church in Scotland, I. 331 ; Beza 
 in Respons. ad Tract de Ministr. Evang. Gradibus, cap. i. 
 Abp. Usher's "Reduction of Episcopacy," and Bp. Stilling- 
 fleet's " Eirenicon," also bear witness to this. 
 
 § The learned Binyham, speaking of "the long wished
 
 9 
 
 Again, if the promise of the Crowu at the Restor- 
 ation to " appoint such a number of Suffragan 
 Bishops in every Diocese as shall be sufficient"'^ had 
 been duly fulfilled, who can say that much, of the 
 ungodliness and irreligious division, over which we 
 now so deeply mourn, might not have been stayed 1 
 And how shall the Church now brace herself for 
 her mighty task amidst the teeming population of 
 the nineteenth century, but by squaring her arrange- 
 ments to the apostolic pattern, as shewn in the 
 history of the Primitive Church, and by an adequate, 
 efficient, and regulated Episcopate, giving energy 
 and compactness to her work? Here, at least, is 
 a point on which Churchmen are not indisposed to 
 meet the wishes of the Puritans. 
 
 for union of all the Churches of the Reformation in the 
 same form of Episcopal government agreeable to the model 
 and practice of the Primitive Church," says, that "one 
 great objection against the present diocesan episcopacy, and 
 that which to many may look the most plausible, is drawn 
 from the vast extent and greatness of most of the northern 
 Dioceses of the world, which mattes it so extremely difficult 
 for one man to discharge all the offices of the Episcopal 
 function," and he gives this as an especial reason why he 
 has so fully entered upon the consideration of the smaller 
 type of primitive dioceses, that " VVhenever any of the 
 foreign Churches of the Protestant Communion shall think 
 fit to reassume the ancient Episcopal form of government, 
 they may, both with honour and ease, frame to themselves 
 such a model of small dioceses as will not much exceed the 
 extent of one of their classes, nor much alter its form, and 
 yet be agreeable to the model of the lesser sort of dioceses 
 in the Primitive Church." Antiq. Christ. Ch., Vol. ill. 
 Book IX. chap viii. The Conclusion. 
 * King Charles ii's Letter from Breda.
 
 \- 
 
 The Episcopal Provision in England and "Wales as 
 compared with that of Continental countries is given 
 in the following table : — 
 
 Kingdom. 
 
 1. England & Wales 
 
 2. France 
 
 3. Austria 
 
 4. Denmark 
 
 5. Belgium 
 
 6. Spain 
 
 7. Portugal § 
 
 8. Italyll 
 
 Population. 
 
 No. of 
 Bishops 
 
 Average Po- 
 pulation to 
 each Bishop. 
 
 Excess 
 against 
 England. 
 
 20,228,497* 
 
 27 
 
 749.203 
 
 
 38,067,094 
 
 86 
 
 442,640 
 
 306,563 
 
 32,375,003 
 
 70t 
 
 462,500 
 
 286.703 
 
 1.608.095 
 
 8 
 
 201,011 
 
 548,192 
 
 4,893,021 
 
 6* 
 
 815.503 
 
 
 16,301,851 
 
 79 
 
 206,352 
 
 536,674 
 
 3,584,677 
 
 17 
 
 210,863 
 
 532,163 
 
 21,703,710 
 
 24311 
 
 89,315 
 
 659,888 
 
 * For number of population and of Bishops, see Martin's 
 "Statesman's Year Book," (1869), pp. 11, 23, 35, 40, 52, 
 57, 68, 89, 326, 338, 376, 382, 435, 444. 
 
 The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands (pop. 145, 674) 
 are here omitted, as in Martin's Tables. It is evident that 
 the See of Man does not affect Episcopal arrangements for 
 the main-land. 
 
 + 70 Roman Catholic Bi.shops. There are also 19 Bishops 
 of various Greek communions. 
 
 % Belgium has also 3 Vicars General for the Archbishop, 
 and 2 for each Bishop. 
 
 § * ' The Portuguese Church is under the special jurisdiction 
 of a 'Patriarch,' with extensive powers, two Archbishops, 
 and fourteen Bishops. The Patriarch of Lisbon is always a 
 Cardinal, and, to some extent, independent of the Holy See 
 of Rome." Martin, as above. 
 
 II Exclusive of the Papal States. 
 
 TI 243 Dioceses. In case of old age or infirmity the Bishop 
 nominates also a Coadjutor to discharge the Episcopal duties 
 in his stead. lb. p. 327.
 
 11 
 
 " We transcribe the following paragraphs from a 
 report of a recent Commission in France, on the 
 subject of Episcopal Sees : — 
 
 * La France compte ^ pen pres un eveque ou 
 archeveque pour 400,000 ames de population catho- 
 
 ' lique. 
 
 * La Baviere a huit sieges pour 3,000,000 de 
 ' catholiques, c' est-^-dire un siege pour 375,000 
 
 * catholiques. 
 
 ' L' Autriche a soixante-dix-huit ^veques ou arch- 
 ' eveques non compris trois prelats des rites Armeni- 
 
 * en et Rutene, Grec-uni, en Gallicie, pour 28,000,000 
 
 * de catholiques Romains, c'est-a-dire un siege pour 
 358,000 ames. 
 
 ' L'Irlande compte vingt-neuf dioceses pour 
 « 6,500,000 catholiques, ce qui fait 224,000 ames 
 
 * environ dans chaque diocese. 
 
 ' L'Espagne a cinquante neufsiegespour 12,000,000 
 
 * d'ames, c'est-a-dire un siege pour 203,000 ames, et 
 
 * sou concordat recent n'aurait pour resultat que la 
 ' reduction insignifiante du nombre des sieges a 
 
 * cinquante-six. 
 
 ' La Portugal a vingt-deux sieges episcopaux ou 
 
 * metropolitains pour 2,500,000 catholiques, c'est- 
 ' a-dire un siege pour 113,000 ames. 
 
 ' Les Etats Sardea ont quarante dioceses pour 
 ' 4,600,000 ames, c'est-a-dire que chaque diocese 
 ' compte a peu pres 110,000 ames. 
 
 * Les Deux-Siciles ont quatre-vingts sieges pour 
 
 * 8,500,000 ames, c'est-a-dire un siege pour 106,000 
 
 * ames.' 
 
 Sweden, with about 3,000,000 souls, has 13 Sees. 
 Free Greece, with a population of less than 
 1,000,000, has 24 Episcopal Sees. 
 
 The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United
 
 12 
 
 States of America has about 1,800 Clergy, and 32 
 Episcopal Sees.* 
 
 The Benefices in England and Wales are 11,728.* 
 The number of Clergy about 18,000." 
 
 " The erection of Episcopal Sees in the British 
 Colonies in recent years, has in each case been fol- 
 lowed, in a remarkable manner, by a large increase 
 of Clergy and Churches in the Colonies,"t as may be 
 seen from the following Table : — 
 
 Foundation 
 of See. 
 
 1841 
 
 1842 
 1842 
 1842 
 1842 
 1845 
 1845 
 1847 
 
 1847 
 
 1847 
 1847 
 1849 
 1849 
 1850 
 1852 
 
 See. 
 
 Number of Clergy. 
 
 New Zealand ... 
 
 now subdivided into 
 
 six dioceses 
 
 Antitrua 
 
 Guiana 
 
 Tasmania 
 
 Gibraltar 
 
 Columbo 
 
 Fredericton 
 
 Capetown 
 
 now subdivided into 
 four dioceses. 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 now subdivided. 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 Adelaide 
 
 Rupert's Land.. 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Sierra Leone ... 
 
 Before founda- 
 
 1st July, 
 
 tion of See. 
 
 1867. 
 
 12 
 
 105 
 
 25 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 34 
 
 ]9 
 
 47 
 
 30 
 
 5& 
 
 22 
 
 56 
 
 30 
 
 56 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 118 
 
 17 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 113 
 
 1 4 
 
 38 
 
 ; 5 
 
 2G 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 45 
 
 92 
 
 15 
 
 47 
 
 * The present numbers, as given in Parker's Diocesan 
 Calendars (1869) are 2,G60, (Bishops) 44, and 12,628 respec- 
 tively ; and two new Sees have just been authorised by the 
 General Convention. 
 
 t Extract from the First Report of the Cathedral Com- 
 missioners, (1854) p. xli.
 
 13 
 
 Dioceses in England and Wales, 
 Arranged according to population in 1861. 
 
 London B 
 
 Manchester... E 
 Winchester ...B 
 
 Chester D 
 
 Lichfield B 
 
 Kipon E 
 
 Exeter B 
 
 8 York B 
 
 9 Durham B 
 
 10 Worcester ...B 
 
 11 Rochester ...B 
 
 12 Norwich B 
 
 13 Lincoln B 
 
 14 Glouc.&Bris. D 
 
 15 Oxford D 
 
 16 PeterboroughD 
 
 17 Ely C 
 
 18 Canterbury ...B 
 
 20 Bath & WellsB 
 
 22 Salisbury B 
 
 23 Chichester ...B 
 
 24 Carlisle C 
 
 26 Hereford B 
 
 19 S. David's ...A 
 
 21 Llandafr A 
 
 25 S. Asaph ...A 
 
 27 Bangor A 
 
 28 Sodor & ManA 
 
 Population 
 in )8G1. 
 
 'Area in Acres 
 
 2,291,584 
 
 1,6«7,720 
 
 1,267,794 
 
 1,248,416 
 
 1,221,404 
 
 1,167,288 
 
 953,763 
 
 930,216 
 
 858,095 
 
 857,775 
 
 855,409 
 
 743,000 
 
 706,02.'> 
 
 568,574 
 
 515,083 
 
 486.977 
 
 480,716 
 
 474,603 
 
 422,527 
 
 377,377 
 
 363.735 
 
 266,591 
 
 232,401 
 
 432,689 
 
 421,336 
 
 246,337 
 
 195,390 
 
 52,469 
 
 246,125 
 
 845,904 
 1,573,252 
 
 968,312 
 1,740,607 
 1,567,793 
 2,530,780 
 2,261,493 
 1,906,835 
 1,037,451 
 1,535,450 
 1,994,525 
 2,302,814 
 1,000,503 
 1,385,779 
 1,240,327 
 1,357,765 
 
 914,170 
 1,043,059 
 1,309,617 
 
 934,851 
 1,563,728 
 
 986,244 
 2,272,790 
 
 797,864 
 1,067,583 
 
 985,946 
 
 180,000 
 
 Bene- 
 
 Cu- 
 
 fices. 
 
 rates. 
 
 487 
 
 654 
 
 397 
 
 220 
 
 608 
 
 413 
 
 370 
 
 228 
 
 625 
 
 254 
 
 448 
 
 186 
 
 709 
 
 201 
 
 595 
 
 235 
 
 245 
 
 160 
 
 442 
 
 219 
 
 657 
 
 240 
 
 908 
 
 253 
 
 798 
 
 232 
 
 459 
 
 192 
 
 630 
 
 340 
 
 581 
 
 191 
 
 529 
 
 191 
 
 370 
 
 179 
 
 176 
 
 482 
 
 478 
 
 200 
 
 Sll 
 
 281 
 
 272 
 
 55 
 
 358 
 
 108 
 
 411 
 
 116 
 
 230 
 
 89 
 
 185 
 
 65 
 
 130 
 
 53 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 N.B. The population stated in the foregoing Table 
 
 Bangor '27 
 
 Bath and Wells .. iO 
 
 Canterbury 18 
 
 Carlisle 21 
 
 Chester 4 
 
 Chichester 23 
 
 Durham 9 
 
 Ely 17 
 
 Exeter 7 
 
 Glouces. and Bris. l-t 
 
 Hereford 26 
 
 Lichfield 5 
 
 Lincoln 12 
 
 Llandaff 21 
 
 London 1 
 
 Manchester '? 
 
 Norwicli 11 
 
 Oxford 15 
 
 Peterborough lb' 
 
 Ripon 6 
 
 Rochester 13 
 
 S. Asiph 2."> 
 
 S. David's J9 
 
 Salisbury ••.. 22 
 
 i^O'loT and Man .. 28 
 
 Winchester .3 
 
 \\ orcester 10 
 
 V ork 8 
 
 A. Founded before the Saxon Conquest.— B. In Saxon times,— C. In the 
 reign of Henry I.— D. Henry VIII.— E. William IV.
 
 14 
 
 is derived from the official Census which was made 
 eight years ago, (March, 1861), consequently a large 
 addition mu^t now be made to it, in order to form 
 an estimate of the population of each diocese at the 
 present time.* 
 
 Additional Sees were proposed by King Hen. viii.t 
 for 
 
 Abbeys, &c., from which Bishoprics 
 were to be eudowed. 
 
 Essex Waltham. 
 
 Hertford S. All)aiis. 
 
 13 If J T," ji \ ( Dunstable. 
 
 Eedfordshire, and ) J xr i 
 
 JDuckinghamshire ) ] V\ \ 
 
 Middlesex Westminster.:}: 
 
 Leicester, and Rutland Leicester. 
 
 T 1 • \ Fountains, and the Arch- 
 
 Liancasnire k , c -o- \ j 
 
 ( deaconry of liichmond. 
 
 Suffolk Bury. 
 
 Stafford and Salop Shrewsbury. 
 
 j Wei beck. 
 
 Nottingham and Derby I Worksop, 
 
 ( Thurgarton. 
 ( Launceston. 
 
 Cornwall \ Bodmin. 
 
 ( Wardreth.§ 
 
 But when the Religious Houses were suppressed, 
 
 * The figures in the Table are taken from Parker's Dioce- 
 san Kalendars, 
 
 t A rough draft, under the King's own hand, is preserved 
 in the Cotton Library, Cleop. iv. See Collier, Eccles. Hist. 
 Vol. V. p. 49 ; " Henry Viiith's Scheme of Bishoprics," Lon- 
 don, Knight, 1838. 
 
 X A See was created at Westminster a.d. 1541 ; but sup- 
 pressed A.D. 1552. See above p. 1 ref?. Its lands having 
 been for the most part alienated, the remainder were 
 applied to the repairing of S. Paul's Cathedral. Hence arose 
 the proverb "robbing Peter to pay Paul." 
 
 § A See was also proposed at Colchester in Henry viiith's 
 Scheme of Bishopricks.
 
 15 
 
 Henry found other uses for their money.* This ap- 
 
 * It is to be observed that according to Henry viiith's 
 Scheme of Bishoprics, the original of which is preserved in 
 the Augmentation Office, not only were these Sees to be 
 endowed from the spoils of the Abbeys, but also ample pro- 
 vision was to be made in each case for complete Collegiate 
 foundations, inchiding Dean, Prebendaries, Minor Canons, 
 Schoolmasters, Free Scholars, Singing men and Choristers, 
 and a number of inferior ofl&cers ; and also, in most instances 
 endowments were specified f>r Preachers, for Readers or 
 Professors of Latin, of Greek, of Hebrew, of Divinity, 
 and of other Faculties. Exhibitions were to be founded for 
 Divinity Students at Oxford and Cambridge, Bedesmen and 
 Alms for distribution were to be provided, &c., &c. Several 
 similar Colleges were also to be endowed throughout the 
 country in the place of Abbeys where it was not yet pro- 
 posed to establish Bishopricks. 
 
 The f)llowing is the Preamble of the "Act of Parliament 
 for erecting new Bishopricks at the suppression of the Ab- 
 beys," preserved in King Henry viiith's own band in the 
 British Museum. Bib. Cott. Cltop. E. iv. fol, 305. 
 
 "For as rauche as it is nott unknowne the slowghfal and 
 ungodly lyfif whyche hath bene usid amonst all thos sort 
 whyche have borne the name off" religius folke, and to the 
 inttnte that hensforthe nienv off them myght be tornyd to 
 better use as heraflFter shall folow werby God's worde mysht 
 the better be sett forthe, cyldren broght up in lernyng, 
 clerces nuryshyd in the universites, olde s'vantes decayd to 
 have lyfyuig, allmes housyg for pour folke to be sustaynyd 
 in, Reders of grece ebrew and latyne to have good stypende, 
 dayly almes to be mynystrate, mendying off hyght wayse, 
 exhybission for mynysters off the chyrche. It is thowght 
 therfore unto the kyngs hyghtnes most expedient and neces- 
 sary that mo bysshopprycys, collegyall' and cathedralle 
 chyrchys, shulbe establyshyd insted of thes forsayd relyijyus 
 hou«ys, wtin the fondasion werofi" thes other tytylles affore 
 rehersyd shalbe stablysyd." — See "Hen. vmth's Scheme of 
 Bishopricks." as above, p. 75. 
 
 The plea of providing for education was largely used to 
 obtain the nation's consent to the spoliation of the Religious 
 Houses. But notwithstanding all these fair promises and the
 
 16 
 
 pears to have been the only reason why these Bishop- 
 rics were not established at that time, 
 
 pains which were taken to secure a packed majority of the 
 King's Servants in the House of Commons, it appears that 
 threats also were Kecessary to obtain the passing of some 
 of these Bills of confiscation. lb, pp. xii, 96, et seq. 
 
 The result, however, was that little was done f )r educa- 
 tion ill the time of Henry Villth ; and many of the Free 
 Schools (for each Abbey appeals to have supported one such 
 at least for the benefit of the surrounding neighbourhood, 
 (See Fuller's Ch. Hist. Bk. vi. Sec, ii. 4.) failed for lack of 
 funds. Some small payments were made in this behalf in 
 the reign of Edward vi. lb. pp. xiii, xiv. 
 
 However good may have been tJie intentions of the Crown 
 in this matter, it is sufficiently evident how they miscarried. 
 The original Ledgers of the Court of Augmentation, now 
 remaining in the Augmentation OflBce, exhibit the appro- 
 priation of the Church Revenues seized by Henry viii. 
 Amongst a few pensions to former Abbots, averaging about 
 £100. a year, and several annuities and payments to cour- 
 tiers and officers of State, appear the following chief entries. 
 The King's Majesty, Delivered to his Grace's own hands for 
 his secret affairs as by his Grace's \yarrant ... £1,000 
 
 iJitto 2,000 
 
 Ditto 13,333 
 
 iJitto 2,000 
 
 Ditto 1,000 
 
 Ditto 1,000 
 
 Ditto 1,000 
 
 For expenses of the Kind's household ... 6,000 
 Ditto from Feb. 1 to March 17, in the 
 
 XXXVII year of his reign ... ... 4,000 
 
 For the war against France ... 31,111 
 
 Ditto 2,000 • 
 
 For war service ... ... ... ... \,47I 
 
 For butter and cheese for \he same ... 1,000 
 
 Towards payment of the King's debt in 
 
 Flanders ... ... ... ... 7,500 
 
 SiC, &.C., 
 and this at a time when it appears by the same accounts that 
 £100 purchased 3,000 flitches of bacon (for war service), in- 
 cluding, as is probable, large commission expenses, when 
 money was flowing bo plentifully, lb. pp. 81 — 96,
 
 17 
 
 It must not however be supposed that the idea of 
 Indeed it would seem from the following summary table, 
 
 
 CO 
 
 a, 
 
 •s^ 
 
 rt O <N 
 
 <N t>. CO 
 
 ;o >« t>- 
 
 -^ o eo (N ro >0 
 Oi «> -* O OJ t^ 
 
 4t e 
 
 00 o »« 
 
 ■* t^ ec n^ 
 
 
 a,— 
 
 o CO ta oo (N o t>. 
 a> (o <=> i^ -* t^ (7-1 
 
 
 O — < o CO 
 
 
 « ■* o 
 
 CO CO t^ CO t^ 
 
 o (M <r> 
 
 (>< OS CO 
 
 fO O <M 0» i-i 
 
 ^S 
 
 
 «> •? a, 
 
 S 2 BO a^ ss s a g'^ £§ s § ^ §5^:1 e 
 
 68— 1 ^ HH Q. Q. W 
 
 dl'^PN^'
 
 18 
 founding Cathedrals out of Abbeys originated with 
 
 taken from the above named ledgers of the Court of Aug- 
 mentation, that the payments under all other heads were 
 insignificant as compared with those made siniply by the 
 King's warrant. See "Henry viiith's Scheme of Bishop- 
 rics," p. 80. 
 
 Such entries as the following tell of more than their mere 
 charge upon the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commission of 
 that day. 
 
 To Edward Northe and his servants for taking the 
 surrenders of the late Monasteries of Waltham 
 in Essex, Christ Church in Canterbury and 
 Rochester in Kent, and for watching, weighing 
 and carrying of all the plate and jewels of the 
 said late Monastery of Christ Church, from Can- 
 terbury to the King's Court, and from thence 
 to the master of the jewel house, &c. ... ... 15 
 
 To John Puncherdon for removing lead at S. 
 
 Alban's and Waltham 1 18 
 
 To Robert Goche for carriage of lead to the sea- 
 side 200 
 
 To James Rainolde for melting lead and for riding 
 
 to S. Alban's to survey the lead .. ... 9 13 1 
 
 To William Wilson and Christ. Draye for melting 
 
 of the King's lead and bells of Tynterne ... 8 
 
 To John Greshame for carriage of certain lead out 
 
 of the North parts to London 300 
 
 To James Leche for his pains in searching for 
 jewels at S. David's shrine in Wales ... ..40 
 
 &c., &c. 
 The following items are curious. 
 
 For hay to feed the King's deer ... ... ...6 6 
 
 For cages for the King's fouls ... ... ...400 
 
 For the conveyance of the Egipsions out of the 
 
 Realm 20 
 
 &c., &c. 
 Here then is small encouragement to acquiescing in 
 
 Bcheraes of spoliation from a hope that the funds may be 
 
 better applied. 'No wonder that to " Play Hal and Tommy 
 
 (Cromwell)" has passed into a proverb signifying no mercy.
 
 19 
 
 Henry viii., or with that phase of the Reformation 
 with which his name has been associated. It appears 
 that the need had been some while felt, and this very- 
 method for its supply had already been suggested by 
 Cardinal Wolsey, and received the sanction of Eccle- 
 siastical authority.* 
 
 The following are the 
 
 Additional Sees suggested by the Cathedeal 
 c0mmiss10neks.+ 
 
 Newcastle, or Hexham for Northumberland. 
 
 Liverpool Part of Lancashire. 
 
 ( Brecknock, 
 Brecon < Radnor, and 
 
 ( Cardigan. 
 
 Derby The County of Derby. 
 
 Perhaps a See besides Lichfield County of Stafford. 
 
 Southwell Nottinghamshire. 
 
 Ipswich, or Bury St. Edmunds Suffolk. 
 Bristol restored 
 
 Chelmsford or Colchester Herts and part of Essex. 
 
 S. Columb Major Cornwall. 
 
 Bath 
 Westminster 
 
 * " Prid. Idus. Nov, 1528. A bull was granted to the 
 Cardinals Wolsey and Campeius to enquire about Abbeys to 
 be suppressed in order to be made Cathedrals. {Rymer, 
 vol. xiv. p. 274.) A new bull was granted to the same per- 
 sons 4 Cal. Jun., 1529, with farther powers relating to the 
 new Cathedrals, (lb. p. 292) ; for some of the Dioceses were 
 thought too large, and wanted much (as it was said) to be 
 reduced that the bishops might the better discharge their 
 of&ces." — Tanner's Notitia Monastica, Preface, p. xxii., 2nd 
 edition. 
 
 t Third Report, (1855), p. xli.
 
 20 
 
 The following are the places fixed by the Act 26 
 Hen. VIII. chap. 14 for titles of Assistant Bishops, 
 scheduled to shew their position with respect to 
 existing Dioceses.* 
 
 DIOCESES. SUFFRAGAN TITLES. 
 
 London 
 
 
 
 (Guildford. 
 
 Winchester 
 
 ... < Southampton. 
 
 
 ( Isle of Wight. 
 
 St. Asaph 
 
 ... 
 
 Bangor 
 
 ... 
 
 Bath and Wells ... 
 
 { Taunton. 
 ••' ( Bridgwater. 
 
 Bristol 
 
 ... Bristol. 
 
 Chichester 
 
 ... 
 
 St. David's 
 
 .'.'.' Pereth. 
 
 
 ( Bedford. 
 
 Ely 
 
 ... < Cambridge. 
 
 
 ( Huntingdon. 
 
 Exeter 
 
 ... S. Germans, Com. 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 ... Gloucester. 
 
 Hereford 
 
 ... 
 
 Lichfield 
 
 . . . Shrewsbury. 
 
 Lincoln '"' 
 
 Grantham. 
 "* Nottingham. 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Thetford. 
 **' ( Ipswich. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 ... 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 ... Leicester. 
 
 Kochester 
 
 ... Colchester. 
 
 
 ( Shaftesbury. 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 ... } Molton. 
 
 
 ( Marlborough. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 ... 
 
 York, Abp 
 
 ... Hull. 
 
 Durham 
 
 ... Berwick. 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 ... Penrith. 
 
 Chester 
 
 
 Manchester 
 
 ■'■ 
 
 Bipon 
 
 ... 
 
 * It may be well here to call attention to the fact, that 
 
 by the Act it is only requisite 
 
 that the Suffragan Title should 
 
 bo taken from within the Province to which the Diocesan
 
 n 
 
 It must however be remembered that the use of 
 Assistant Bishops (called in this Act by the special 
 name of Suffragans) did not originate with the Act. 
 They had been known in this Church from time 
 immemorial, * and both in the Preamble and in the 
 Act itself they are spoken of as having " been 
 accustomed to be had within this Realm." The 
 object of the Act was rather, as its Title t and 
 Preamble J import, to regulate an already existing 
 institution. In the previous year the King had 
 caused an Act§ to be passed, giving him power 
 over the appointment of Diocesan Bishops by sub- 
 jecting the Chapters to the severe penalties of prae- 
 munire, if they did not elect his nominee ; and by 
 this Act he merely extended his legislation to the 
 Assistant or Suffragan Bishops. He hereby trans- 
 ferred to himself the powers which had been before 
 
 belongs, and not necessarily from the Diocese itself. Else 
 Loudon, which moi-e than any other Diocese is suitable to 
 be admiuistered by Assistant Bishops as a permanent 
 arrangement, would be unable to benefit by the Act, having 
 now no Suflfragan Title within its boundaries by reason of 
 their recent alteration. 
 
 * See Tract "On Suflfragau Bishops," pp. 9-13. 
 
 + " By whom Sufiragans should be nominated and 
 elected." 
 
 Ij: The Pke amble. *' Albeit that sithen the beginning of 
 this present Parliament, good and honourable Ordinances 
 and Statutes have been made and established for Elections, 
 Presentations, Consecrations, and investing of Archbishops 
 and Bishops of this Realm, and in all other the King's 
 dominions, with all ceremonies appertaining to the same, as 
 by sundry Statutes thereof made more at large is specified ; 
 yet nevertheless no provision hitherto hath been made for 
 Sufiragans, "which have been accustomed to be had iviihin this 
 Realm, for the more speedy administration of the Sacraments 
 and other good, wholesome and devout things, and laudable 
 ceremonies, to the increase of God's honour, and for the 
 commodity of good and devout people. Be it therefore 
 enacted, &c." 
 
 § 25 Henry viii., cap. 20.
 
 22 
 
 exercised by the Pope in their appointment ; * and, 
 
 * A letter of Longland/ Bishop of Lincoln, A.D, 1529, to 
 Pope Clement VII., requesting a Suffragan Bishop : — 
 
 " Sanctissimo simul ac beatissimo Patii et Domino sum- 
 ruoque pontifici, suus liumillimus atque addictissimus 
 Johannes, Dei summS, benignitate, et ipsius gratis, Lincol- 
 niensis epus, felicitatem in Domino sempiternam, et subjec- 
 tionem omnimodam tant' sanctitati debitam, usque ad pedum 
 oscula beatorum. Quoniam, pater sanctissime, nra diocesia 
 longe lateque diffunditur, adeo quidem ut cum per ejus ampli- 
 tudinem, turn per varias insuper causas rationabiles, justas 
 et graves, sepissime nobis emergentes, (Longland was at this 
 time confessor to the king) sic interesse non posaumus et 
 
 ofl&cio fungi, ut onera singula huic eccliae nre consueta et 
 debita sufficienter et plene perimplere valeamus, et vra 
 
 sanctitas aplTca sua maxima benignitate ad supplicacionem 
 episcoporum in consimili negotio consuevit viros aliquot de 
 quorum vita et honestate eidem sanctitati constare poterit, 
 in Coepiscopos atque suffraganeos ex causis ejuscemodi justia 
 et legitimis promovere, non diffisus sum humiliter, suppli- 
 canter, et ex intimis praecordiis beatissime vre sanctitati 
 venerabilem et religiosum virum Thomam Halam, priorem 
 domils sive prioratus de Newstede juxta Stanfordiam, ordinis 
 sancti Augustini Lincoln' diocesis, moribus et sacrarum. 
 
 Irarum scientia preditum ac pollentem comendatissimum 
 facere, humiliter et devote supplicans, quatenus eundem 
 Thomam priorem in suffraganeum et Coepiscopum ex vra 
 gratia singulari promovere dignetur vestra sanctitas, ut in 
 causis premissis ceterisque circa pastoralem curam infra 
 diocesim meam et alibi exercendis, in exonerationem con- 
 sciencie mee, mihi suffragari possit. Sique vestra sanctitas 
 premissa humilime postulata concesserit, mihique jam in 
 hac necessitate subvenerit, rem Deo gratam ecclse Lincoln 
 pernecessariam atque utilem, et mihi imprimis optatam, 
 atque acceptissimam faciet. Et ego quantas possum vestre 
 sanctitati gratias habiturus sum, et fideliter ac semper ora- 
 turuK, ut ipsa vestra sanctitas diutissime felicissime vivat, 
 atque ecclesie claves inter Christi fideles in pace custodiat 
 et felicissime gubernet. Dat' in aedibus meis Holburnensibus 
 juxta Londinum, tertiis idibus Maias." Extract from Bishop 
 Longland's Memoranda. See Lewis' Essay, p. 35, in 
 Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, vol. vi.
 
 23 
 
 forasmuch as the Church of England was thenceforth 
 to be self-contained, he names these twenty-six 
 towns as Sees of Bishops-Suffragan, instead of the 
 foreign titles which the Pope had been accustomed 
 to give them, chiefly taken from the Greek Church. 
 The statement of that most accurate historian and 
 antiquary, Henry Wharton, that he could " exhibit 
 a perfect succession of Suffragan Bishops in almost 
 all the Dioceses of England for about two hundred 
 years before the Keformation," * coupled with the 
 evidence which exists, that there were more than one 
 Suffragan at a time in some dioceses, t lead us to 
 the conclusion that the provision of the Act was not 
 for any greater number of Suffragans than were at 
 the time accustomed, and that it is therefore not 
 to be regarded as any part of the scheme of that 
 day for supplying the acknowledged need of more 
 Episcopal service, but only as a provision for the 
 continuance of the accustomed assistance. J 
 
 * App. to Strype's Life of Cranmer, p. 1044. 
 
 + See Tract "On SufFiagau Bishops," p. 12, note. 
 
 X The Bishops are called in the Act ' ' Suffragans of this 
 Eealm," and the places "the Sees of Bishops Suffragan." The 
 Act reciuirea that a Diocesan shall present two names to the 
 Crown, which may appoint one of them to one of these 
 titles, "so it be within the Province whereof the Bishop 
 that doth name him is." The Suffragans shall " have such 
 capacity, power, and authority, honour, pre-eminence, and 
 reputation, in as large and ample manner in and concerning 
 the execution of such commission as by any of the said 
 Archbishops or Bishops within their Dioceses shall be given 
 to the said Suffragans, as to Suffragans of this Eealm here- 
 tofore hath been accustomed." They shall only have and 
 execute " such profits, jurisdiction, power, and authority, 
 as shall be licensed and limited for them to take, do, and 
 execute by any Archbishop or Bishop of this Realm within 
 their Diocese, to whom they shall be Suffragans by their 
 Commission under their Seals. And every Archbishop and
 
 24 
 
 We may now rejoice that this method of assist- 
 ance is being restored to the English Church, and 
 hope that it will shortly be in use to the full extent 
 for which the Act provides. We must however 
 remember that this is only the measure in which 
 the Church is deficient in this respect as compared 
 with the days of the Eeformation : nor was this the 
 method to which the Church then looked for the 
 supply of her additional needs, (how much more 
 now increased by a fivefold increase of population.'). 
 Moreover the Act 26 Hen. VIII. chap. 14 unamended, 
 ojQFers little relief to the Northern Province, in which 
 the population has chiefly accumulated, but where 
 from its very diff'erent condition at that time, there 
 are now only three of the Sufiragan Titles appointed 
 by the Act ; Nottinghamshire having recently been 
 transferred to the Southern Province ; and the Act 
 requiring that the Suffragan Title should be one of 
 those named within the Province. 
 
 Bishop of this Realm, for their own peculiar Diocese, may 
 and shall give such commission and commissions to every 
 such Bishop Sufeagan, as shall be so consecrate by autho- 
 rity of this Act, as hath been accustomed for Suffragans 
 heretofore to have, or else such commission as by them shall 
 be thought requisite, reasonable, and convenient. And no 
 such Suffragan shall use any jurisdiction ordinary, or Epis- 
 copal power, otherwise, nor longer time, than shall be 
 limited by such commission to him to be given, as is afore- 
 said, upon pain to incur into the pains, losses, forfeitures, 
 and penalties mentioned in the statutes of provisions made 
 in the fifteenth year of King Richard the Second." 
 
 The text of the Act is not here given m txtenso, as it is 
 easily accessible, not only in the general collections of 
 Statutes, but also in Brett's "Suffragan Bishops," p. 35, 
 and in the York Church Congress Report, p. 34:7. 
 
 See also Tracts "On Suffragan Bishops," and on *'The 
 Act 26 Hen. viii. c. xiv. applied." 
 
 It is evident from existing documents that these Suffra- 
 gans signed by their titles. For more on this subject, see 
 *'0u Sufl5:agan Bishops."
 
 SUGGESTIONS ON THE BEST METHOD FOR 
 THE INCREASE, AND ON SUFFRAGAN 
 BISHOPS." 
 
 Second Edition Enlarged, Price Is. 6d. per dozen. 
 
 THE ACT 26, CHAP. 14, APPLIED, OR HOW 
 TO OBTAIN MORE BISHOPS." 
 
 Second Edition, 9d. per dozen. 
 
 STYLE AND SIGNATURE OF SUFFRAGAN 
 BISHOPS."
 
 .,W: 
 
 'i\: 
 
 mm