LAWRENCE J. GUTTER Collection of Chicogoono THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO The University Library THE ft I Ik ml Ifet totetratttl FOR TOURIST, AND PLEASURE TRAVEL. THE POPULAR RESORTS OF California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colo- rado, Nebraska, Dakota, Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan and Minnesota. A oriPE TO THE LAKES AND KIVEUS, TO THE PLAINS AND MOUNTAINS, TO THE RESORTS OK IJIRDS, GAME ANIMALS AND FISHES; AND HINTS FOR THE COMMERCIAL TRAVELER, THE THEATRE MANAGER, THE LAND HUNTER AND THE EMIGRANT. COMPILED BY W. H. STENNETT, General Passenger Agent Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. CHICAGO, ILL. EntKd sccordlnz to Act of Conjre", In the year 1S19, Bv W. H. STEN'NKTT, ID the Office of the Librarian of Congrefe, at Wa>hlnRtor, I > C. CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. GENERAL OFFICERS, ETC. ALBERT KEEP. President, Chicago. M L. SYKES, JR., Vice-Pres., Sec. ad Treat., 52 Wall St, N. Y. MARVIN HUGHITT, General Manager, Chicago. C C. WHEELER, Assistant General Superintendent, Chicago. H. C. WICKER, General Freight Agent, Chicago. C. G. EDDY, Assistant General Freight Agent, Chicago. W. S. MELLEN, Assistant General Freight Agent, Chicago. W H. STENNETT, General Passeog.r Apent, Chicago. W. A. THRALL, Genral Ticket Aaent, Chicago. B. C. COOK, General Solicitor, Chicago. M. M. KIRK-MAN, Local Treas. and General Accountant, Chicago. J. B. REDFIELD, Assistant Secretary and Auditor. Chicago R. W. HAMER. Purchasing Agent, Chicago. N. A. PHILLIP*, General Baggage Agent, Chicago. W. F. FITCH, General Claim Agent. Chicago. G. H. TH A YER, Superintendent of Telegraph, Chicago. G. P. GOODWIN, Land Commissioner, Chicago. F. M. LUCE, Car Accountant, Chicago. E. H. JOHNSON, Chief Engineer, Chicago. DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS. CHARLES MURRAY, SuperinUndent Galena Division and Freeport and Fox River Lines, Chicago. J. S. OLIVER, Superintendent lown Division and Iowa Midland Railway, Clinton, Iowa. EDW \RD J. CU YLER, Superintendent Wisconsin and Milwaukee and Kenosha and Rockford Divisions, Chicago. C. A. SWINEFORD, Superintendent Madison Division, Baraboo, WIs. S SANBORN. Superintendent Winona & St. Peter R. R., Wlnona, Minn. W. B. LINSLEY, Superintendent Peninsular Division, Escanaba, Mich. GENERAL AGENTS, ETC. L. F. BOOTH. Gen'l Eastern Agent, 415 Broadway, New York. H. P. STANWOOD, Gen'l Agent, 8 New Montgomery Street, San JOHN S. GEORGE. Commercial Agent, Milwaukee, WIs. CHARLES ATKINS, General Agent, Council Bluft and Omaha. C. H. WISE, Passenger and Freight Agent, 5 State Street, Boston, Mass. C. H. KNAPP, General Agent, Winona, Minn. TRAVELING AGENTS, ETC. V. M. CAME. Chicago. 111. j H. A. POWER. Springfield, Mass. I I. H. MOUNTAIN, Chicago. E. B. SPAIN, Bulfalo, N. Y. G. L. HARRISON, Chicago. IMPORTANT TO WEST BOUND EMIGRANTS. IMMIGRANT TRAINS WEST OF OMAHA. The trains carrying Emigrants on the Union and Central Pacific * roads, west of Omaha, are made up of comfortable coaches. The passengers are not crowded in the cars, but plenty of rooir ts given. Sleeping cars do not accompany these trains, and the only sleeping facilities offered are those tnac may be found in any passenger coach. The time of these trains is about twelve miles per hour, which, making the time Irom Omaha to San Francisco by Emigrant Trains in eight to nine days, gives passengers by them ample time to see the country as they move through it. Emigrants can get meals at the regular " Eating Stations " along the line, or they can carry cooked provisions with them, and buy coffee or tea at the eating houses, and eat on the train. EMIGRANT TICKETS are limited as to time, being good between Chicago and Omaha for eight (8) days from and Including day of sale. At Omaha you exchange this ticket for one of the Union Pacific Railroad issue . good for nine days from and including day of exchange. No "stop-over checks are issued on second class or emigrant tickets. No cars are chartered by this Company OR BY ANT other line for carrying passengers to points west of Omaha, as the Union and Central Pacific'Railroads exact their full schedule rates from all roads ticketing over their lines, without any reference to the number in one party ticketed. Emigrants' movables can go on the same train taken by emigrants from Omaha, as through freight cars are attached to emigrant trains. Emigrants are not allowed to travel In the same freight cars with their effects. Where parties of twenty- five or upwards are traveling together, a special passenger car can be secured so aa to keep the party together, without extra cost, but no reduction from the rate can be made, no matter how large the party may be TO AND FROM DENVER. The completion. (December, 1877). of the Colorado Central Branch of the Union Pacific Railroad from Cheyenne to Denver, offers to the traveling public a Short Line to all points in Colorado and New Mexico, and permits the Chicago & North-Western Railway to again ask the patronage of those traveling between Chicago and Denver. Passengers desiring to reach anypoint in Colorado or >ew Mexico will find it to their interest to purchase tickets over the Chicago* North- \\eftern Railway, which at all times studies the safety and comfort of its patrons by adopting, far in advance of all other lines, every Improvement known to modern railroading. This is the best route to take for Fort Collins. Longmont, Boulder Golden. Georgetown. Idaho Springs, Central Citv. Black Hawk, Denver. Colorado Spring*. Canon City, Pueblo. Trinidad, El Moro, Garland City, Lake City. The San Juan Country. El Paso, or Santa Fe. By this route you can have the celebrated Pullman Hotel Cars to Council Bluffs, and from Council Bluffs to Denver you can take Through Pullman Sleeners. No other route can truthfully offer you these advantages, as these cars are run alone by tne Chicago & North-Western Railway daily between Ctuc&go and Council Bluffs, in connection with a daily line of Through Pullman Sleepers between Council Bluffs and Denver. Connections are made at Denver with trains of the Denver & Rio Grande Railway for Colorado Springs, Pueblo, etc. On this Line we give second class accommodation to emigrants destined to Colorado and New Mexico, and holders of this class of tickets are carried on express trains the entire distance from Chicago to Denver, and make the same time as first class passengers. Fare by this route always as low as by any other. Passengers who desire the Lowest Rates and Best Accommodations must buy their Denver Tickets via th . Chicago & North-Western Railway. For Tickets, or further information, apply to any Coupon Ticket Agent in the country. In all cases possible, buy your Through Tickets from the local Ticket Agent nearest yo'T home. You will in almost all cases save money by so doing, and can then be certain of getting the tickets you desire. In all cases see that your Tickets between Chicago and Omaha read via Chicago & North-Western Railway. NEW YORK OFFICE: No. 415 Broadway. BOSTON OFFICE : No. 5 State Street. MILWAUKEE CITY TICKET OFFICE : 102 Wisconsin Street. ST. PAUL TICKET OFFICE : Corner Third and Jackson Streets. CHICAGO TICKET OFFICES: 62 Clark Street, under Sherman House; 75 CanaLcorner Madison Street ; Kinzie Street Depot, corner West Kinzie and Canal Sts. ; WeUs Street Depot, corner Wells and Kinzie Sts. OMAHA TICKET OFFICES : 245 Farnham Street, corner Fourteentn, and at Union Pacific Depot. COUNCIL BLUFFS TICKET OFFICES : Corner Broadway and Peari Sts.. and at C. & N.-W. R'y Depot SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: 2 Mew Montgomery Street. THE PUZZLED TRAVELER. " I should like to know where this Chicago & North- Western Railway does not solicit business for," said Judge Mason a few days ago to a certain ticket agent at Boston, " for," said he, " last fall my friend John Wilson came here to buy a ticket to San Francisco, en route for Japan, and he was told that the Chicago & North- Western Railway was the Chicago link in the TRANS-CONTINENTAL LINE ; that it was the first road built to the Missouri River to connect with the great Pacific roads, and to complete the OVERLAND ROUTE ; that it is the only line running Pullman Drawing-Room Palace Cars between Chicago and Omaha, ('and that is true to-day' "chipped in" the ticket agent), and that if he wanted to travel on the best and safest road In the country, he must get his ticket by this route. He accepted the story as true, bought his tickets, and wrote me from 'Friscoe that he would advise all of his friends to try this route if they were going to the " Golden State." Later in the season Doctor Dillon was called by telegraph to St Paul to see " Bill " King, an old chum of the Doctor's. The Doctor went to New York, and drop- ping into a railway ticket office on Broadway, asked for a ticket to St. Paul, Minn. What do you' think he was told? Cannot guess? Well, that if he wanted to ride in Pullman Sleepers all the way to St. Paul, that he must go over the Chicago & North- Western Railway Company's Chicago, Madison & St. Paul Line, as it was the only line that run these celebrated cars between Chicago and St. Paul, or in any part of Wiscon- sin or Minnesota. Of course be bought his tickets by that route, returned by the same route, and has ever since been talking about the splendid time he had, what an excellent route it is, and how well he was taken care of and used by every one he met connected with the line. He lauds the scenery along the route, and names that in the vicinity of Madison and the " Devil's Lake," as being something really won- derful. In July last, when my wife and daughter were planning their summer trip, they wished for infor- mation about Marquette, Lake Superior, and the routes thereto. Coming here you told them there was only one railroad running to that country, and that it was the Chicago & North- Western Line, and that it run through Milwaukee, Fond du Lac, Green Bay, etc. Now to-day I come here and want to get to New Ulm, in Central Minnesota, where I have lands that need looking after, and you tell me the only way I can get there from Chicago is over the Chicago & North- Western Railway. This beats anything I h.ve ever heard. Here is Omaha and San Francisco directly west of Chicago, Marquette 400 miles north of Chicago, St Paul 400 miles northwest of Chicago, and New Ulm lying about half way between St. Paul and Omaha, and fully 450 miles from Chicago, and you say go by the Chicago & North- Western Railway if you would reach any or all of them. I would like to know how all this can be true ! " " My dear sir," aid the genial ticket agent, "your story is all true. The Chicago & North- Western Railway is a great institution, and has lines radiating from Chicago like the fingers on the human hand, and reaching all important points in the West, North and Northwest" Taking down his map he showed the "puzzled traveler" something of the various lines we propose to describe. Dialogues similar to the above may be heard daily in some ticket office in or out of Boston. It is then to make clear to other puzzled travelers a few facts about this great road, and to show you where it is, what it is, and what it can do for you, that this little book is written. We describe routes of travel that arc owned and operated by the Chicago & North Western Railway Company, and those closely iden- tified with its interests and that form its immediate connections. All points named in the book can be reached directly by this line, and to the larger proportion it is 1 he only route by which they can be reached. The index published herewith will be found to be full, and can be consulted with profit not only by travelers but by railway ticket sellers everywhere. The pages it refers you to will give you such informa- tion and advice as may be of great value to you in determining the route you should take ' -each the desired destination. General Passenger Department THE COMPILER CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RMI.W&Y Chicago,* 111. CONTENTS. PAGE Across the Mississippi 15 American Fork R.R 34 Australia 85 British Columbia 89 Burlington , Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Ry 19 Burlington & Missouri, of Nebraska 82 Central Railroad of Iowa 20 Chippewa Falls Chcmnng, 111 116 Cherry Valley, 111 43 Chester, Minn 99 Chester, Wis 56 Cheyenne, W jo 82, 33 Cnippewa Falls, Wis. t7 Claremont. Minn. 99 Clarence, la 17 Clarksville, la 19 Clayton, la 16 Clear Creek, Wie 112 Clear Lake, Minn 95 Clear Wiuer. Minn 95 Clermont, la 19 Cleveland, Minn 101 Clinton, la 15 (5) PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Clinton Junction, Wis 55 Clintonville, 111 42 Cloverdale, Cal 35 Clyman, Wis 66 Coleta,Ill 14 Colfax, Cal 35 Colo,Ia 20 Colorado Springs, Col 38 Columbus, Neb 32 Columbus, Wis 66 Como, 111 14 Concord, Minn. . 99 Cordova,lll 14 Corinne,Utah 34 Cortlaud, 111 11 Coteau, Minn 102 Cottage Hill, 111 10 Cotton wood, Minn 102 Council Bluffs, la 30 Council Hill. Ill 44 Courtland, Minn 102 Covington, Neb 24 Crescent, la.. . 80 Creston, Dl 12 Crete, Neb 32 Croobston, Minn 95 Crowell, Neb 29 Crystal Lake, 111 45,52 Dakota City, Neb 24, 29 Dalles City, Oregon 40 Dane, Wis 80 Darien, Wis 55 Darlington, Wis 55 Davenport, la. 14, 16, 17 Davis, Wis 55 Davis Junction, Iowa 25 Dartf ord, Wis 58 Dayton, Minn 96 Decatur, Neb 24,29 Deer Lodge, Mont 84 DeKalb,Ill 11 Delavan, Wis 55 Delaware, la 17 Del? van, Minn 16 Delhi, la 17 Deloit, la 28 Delmar Junction, la 16 Dement, 111 18 Denison, la 28 Denver, Col 33 DePere, Wis 65 Des Moines. la 21 DeSoto, Neb 32 Desplaines. Ill 50 Detroit, Minn 98 Devil's Lake, Wis 81 DeWitt, la. 16 Dextervllle, Wis 67 Dheinsville, Wis 112 Dixon,lll 12 Dodge Center, Minn 99 Dodge City, Minn 100 Dover, Minn 99 Dowville, la. 23 Dubuque, la 13, 16, 19, 44 Duck Creek, Wis 67 Duluth, Minn 73,91 Dundas, Minn 100 Dundee, 111 ,. . . .45, 113 Dunlap, la 23 Dunleith, 111 44 Dnrand, Wis 56 Dutch Flat, Cal 35 Dysart, la. 19 Eagle, Wis 55 > agle Lake. Minn 101 East Side, la 22 Eau Claire, Wis 86 VI INDEX. PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Eddyville, la 20 Edeu, Wis 113 Edgerton, Wis 55 Eldora, la 20 Eldorado, Wis 58 Eldridge, la 16, 17 Elgin.Ill 42 Elgin, Minn 99 Elk Grove, 111 50 Elkhart Lake, Wis. 115 Elkhorn, Wis 55 Elko, Nev 35 ElkPoint.Dak 24,25 Elkport, la. 16 Elk River Junction, la 16 Elk River, Minn 95 Elmhnrst, 111 10 Elroy, Wis : 86 Emerald Grove, Wis 55 Empire City, Oregon 40 Escanaba, Mich 69 Eugene City, Oregon. 40 Eureka, Wis 62 Evans, Col 32,83 Evanston, HI 103 Evansville, Wis 79 Evanston, Wyo.... 33 Everett,Neb 29 Excelsior, Minn 90 Eyota, Minn 99 Fairfax, la 19 Fairhaven, Minn 95 Faribault, Minn 100 Farley, la 19 Farmmgton, Utah 34 Fargo, Minn 93 Fayette, la 17 Fergus Falls, Minn 93 Fish Creek, Minn. 97 Flag2,Iil 12 Florence, Neb 32 Fond du Lac, Minn 91 Fond du Lac, Wis 56 Fontanelle, Neb 29 Footville, Wis 78 Fort Abercrombie, Minn 93 Fort Atkinson. Wis 55 Fort Benton, Mont 93 Fort Dodge, la 21 Fort Fred Steel, Wyo 33 Fort Garry, B. N. A 93 Fort Howard, Wis 65 Fort Sanders, Wyo 33 Fort Seward, Minn 93 Fort Sully, Dak 102 Fort Thompson, Dak. 102 Fort Totten, Dak. 93 Fort Wadsworth, Dak 93 Fox Lake, Wis 56 Fox River, Wis. 116 Forreston, 111 13 Forest City, Minn : 95 Forest Lake, Minn 91 Franklin, 111 12 Frazier City, Minn 93 Fredericksburg, 111 10 Freebom, Minn 100 Freeport, 111 44 Fremont, Neb 24, 29 Fremo.it, Wis 62 Fulton, 111 14 Galena, 111... ....13,44 Galt,Dl 14 Garden Prairie, 111 43 Galesville, Wis 98 Garry Owen, la 41 Gayville, Dak 86 Geneva, 111 10 Genoa, Wis 46,116 Genoa Junction, Wis 46, 116 Georgetown, Col 33 Germantown, Wis 112 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Gilberts, 111... . 42 Gill's Landing, Wis 62, 63 Gilroy, Cal. 35 Glenbeulah, Wis 115 Glencoe, 111 104 Glendale, Wis 96 Glen Flora, 111 105 Glidden, la 22 Glyndon, Minn 93 Gold Hill, Col 33 GoldHill,Nev 35 Golden City, Col 33 Goose Lake, la 41 Gordon's Ferry, la 16 Gower's Ferry, la 17 Grand Detour, 111 13 Grand Island, Neb 32 Grand Junction, la 21 Grand Mound, la, 16 Grand Rapids, Wis 67 Granite Falls, Minn 102 Granville, Wis 112 Greeley, Col 32,33 Green Bay, Wis 65 Green Bay Junction, Wis 86 Green Lake, Wis 58 Green River, Wyo 33 Grinnell, la 2 J Grundy Centre, la. 20 Gattenberg, la 16 Hainesville, HI 105 Hammond, Wis 88 Hampton, 111 14 Hampton, la 20 Hancock, Mich 74 Hanover, Wis 78 Harlem, III 4,10 Harper's Ferry, la 16 Harvard, 111 52 Havana, Minn 99 Haven, Iowa 19 Havelock, 111 103 Hawley, Minn 93 Hebron, 111. .. ., 116 Hebron, Wis 116 Helena, la 19 Helena, Mont 34 Herman, Neb 24,29 Hersey, Wis 97 Heytmans, la 17 Highland Park, 111 104 Highwood, 111 105 Hillsborough, Wis 85 Hinckley, Minn 91 Honey Creek, la 30 Houghton, Mich ... 74 Hollister, Cal 35 Hong Kong, China 35 Honolulu, 8. I -.. 35 Hokah, Minn 16 Hopkinton, la 17 Hooper, Neb 29 Houston, Minn 16 Hudson, Wis 88 Huntley, 111 42 Humboldt, Nev 35 Iberia, Minn 102 Idaho City,Idaho 34 Idaho Springs, Col 33 Ida Grove, la 24 Independence, la 19 Iowa Centre, la 21 Irving Park, 111 50 Ironton, Wis 85 Ishpeming, Mich 70 Isle Royale, Mich 71 Itaska, Minn 95 Ives Station, Wis 108 Jackson, Wis 112 Jacksonville, Oregon 40 Jamestown, Minn 93 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Jamestown. Neb 29- Janesville, Minn 101 Janesville, Wis 55 Jefferson, Wis 56 Johnson, Wis 55 Johnson Centre, Wis 55 Johnson's Creek, Wis 56- Judd, Wis 78 Julesburg, Neb . . 3fc Junction, 111 10 Juneau, Wis 56 Kandiyohi, Minn 94 Kasota, Minn 101 Kasson, Minn 99 Kaukauna, Wis 65 Kaysville, Utah 34 Kearney, Neb , 32 Kekaska, Wis 56 Kelley, Iowa 21 Kelton. Utah 34 Kendalls, Wis. 96 Kenosha, Wis 107 Kewaskum, Wis 114 Kingston, Minn 95- Kirkwood, Wis 85 Kishwaukee, 111 52 Klornan, Mich 69 Kohlsville, Wis 112 Koshkonong, Wis 55 Lac- qui-parle. Minn 102 La Crescent-Minn 16 La Crosse, Wis 16, 9 LaFox,HL 11 La Salle.Hl 13 Lake Benton, Minn 102 Lake City, Minn 99 Lake Forest, HI .... 105 Lake Geneva, Wis 46 Lake Kampeska, Minn 102 Lake Michigamme, Mich 72 Like Mills, Wis 56 LakeShetek, Minn 102 LakeSide, HI 104 Lake View, 111 : 103 Lake Walusa, Wis 79 l^ake Zurich, HI 51 Lamartine, Wis 58- Lamoille, la. 20 Lanark, HI 14,45 Lane, El 12 Lanesboro, Minn 16 L'Anse, Mich 72 Lmsing, la 16 LaPorte,Ia. 19 Laporte, Neb 30 Laramie, Wyo 33 Lathrop, Cal. 35 Lavelle, Wis 85 Lawrence, ni 53 LeGrand.Ia 20 Leavenworth, Minn. 102 Lee Centre, HI 12 Lehi, Utah 34 Lena, HI 13,44 Lewiston, Minn 99 Libertyville, 111 10& Lindwerm, Wis 112 Lincoln, Neb 32. Liucoln, Minn. 99> Linn, la 19 Lisbon, la. 17 Liscomb, la 20- Litchfleld, Minn. 94 Little Chute, Wis 65 Little Kaukanna, Wis 65 Little Suamico, Wis 67 Little Sioux, la. 24 Litchfleld, Minn. 94 Lodi,Ill 11 Lodi, Wis 81 Logan, la 23 Logan, Neb 2tt INDEX. VII PLACE AND 8TATB. PAGE Logan, Utah 83 Logausville, Wis 85 Lombard, 111 10 Lone Tree, Neb 32 Long Prairie, Minn 93 Los Angeles, Cal 85 London, la 17 Low Moor. la 16 Lowell, Wis 5B Luzerue, la 19 Lyle, Minn 19 Lyons, la 41 Lyons, Neb 29 Lytles, Wis 98 Lyndon, 111 14 Madison, Neb 80 Madison, Wis TO Magnolia, Wis 78 Malade, Idaho 34 Malone, la. 16 Malta. Ill 12 Manitoba, B. N. A 93 Manitou, Col 83 Manitowoc, Wis 113 Mankato, Minn 101 Mankato Junction, Minn Ill Mantorville, Minn 99 Maple, Neb 29 Maplewood, 111 60 Mapleton, la 24 Maquoket.i. la 16, 41 Marengo, 111 43 Marinette, Wis 69 Marion, Minn 99 Marion, la 19 Marshall, Minn 102 Marshall, Wis 56 Marshafltown, la. 20 Marshfleld, Wis 63 Marshland, Minn 98 Marquette, Mich 71 Marysville, Cal 35 Mason City, la 20 Mazeppa, Minn 9!) Massfilon, la 11 Mauston, Wis 85 Mayville, Wis 56 Mayfield.Wis 112 Maywood,IlL 10 McGregor, la 16 McHenry. Dl 45 McQi 1 roy' a Ferry, Wis 98 McConuell's Grove, 111 44 Mecbanicsville, la 17 Meckling, Dak 26 Medford, Minn. 100 Melrose, 111 10 Melrose, Minn 97 Melbourne, Aust 85 Menasha, Wis 63 Mendota, Wis 80 Menomonce, Mich 69 Menomonee, Wis 88 Menomonee Falls, Wis 112 Meriden, Minn 100 Merrimac, Wis 81 Merrillan, Wis 67 Midway, la 21 Midway, Wis 98 Milburne, 111 105 Millidsrevillc, Til. 14 Mill Hock, lov.a... 41 Milton Junction, Wis 65 Milwaukee, Wis 108 Minnesota Junction, Wis 6fi Mindoro. Wis 97 Mineral Point, Wis 13 Minonk, Dl 13 Minnesota City, Minn 99 Minneapolis, Minn 90 Missouri Valley Junction, la. 23 Modale, la 24 Moingoua, la. 21 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Moline, 111 14 Montrose, 111 60 Montour. la 20 Mondamin, la. 24 M (mini ni i !i , la. 41 Mouticello, la 17, 19 Monticello, Minn 95 Monroe, Wis 44, 78 Monterey, Cal 85 Moorhead, Minn 98 Morris, Minn 94 Morrison. Ill 14 Mount Carroll, 111 14,45 Mount Vernon, la 17 Mount Prospect, 111 50 Munster, Wis 116 Nachusa.Dl 12 Napa, Cal 35 Nashville. la 41 Nederland, Col 33 Neenah, Wis 63 Negaunee, Mich 70 Nelson, 111. 13 Neleigh City, Neb 30 Neosho, Wis 56 Nevada, la 20 New Cassel, Wis 113 New Glarus, Wis 79 New Hampshire, 111 42 New Jefferson, la 21 New London, Wis 62, 6ti New Sharon, Iowa 20 NewUlm.Minn 102 Newton, la 20 Newton, Neb 82 Nicollet, Minn 102 Nickerson, Neb 29 Niles, Cal 85 Nora, 111 13,44 Nora Junction, la ; 19 Nordland, Minn 102 Norfolk, Neb 30 Normal, 111 13 Norman, Minn 93 North Evanston, 111 103 North Freedom, Wis 85 North McGregor, la....' 16 North Pacific Junction, Minn. 91 North Platte, Neb 32 Northfleld, Minn 100 Northport, Wis 62 Northwood, la 20 Norway, la 19 Norwafk, Wis 96 Norwood, 111 60 Oak Center, Wia 56 Oak Creek, Wis 108 OakPark, 111 10 Oakdale, Neb 30 Oakfleld, Wis 56 Oakland,Neb 29 Oconto, Wis 67 Oconomowoc, Wis 66 Ogden, la 21 Ogden, Utah 33 Ogdensbnrg, Wis 67 Okaman, Minn. 101 Okee, Wis 81 Olmsted, Minn 99 Olympia.W T 40 Omro, Wis 56, (ii Omaha, Neb . 82 Onawa, la. 24 Onalaaka, Wis 97 Onslow, la 41 Ontario, la 21 Ontario, Wis 85 < tntonagon, Mich 74 Oregon City, Oregon 40 Oregon, Wis ' 79 Oronoko, Minn 99 Orono, Minn 95 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Orford, WL- 78 Orangeville, 111 44 Orovflle, Cal 86 Oshkosh.Wis 61 Oshawa, Minn 102 Oskaloosa, Iowa 20 Osterdock, la 16 Osceola,!!!...'. 45 Oto, la 24 Otter Tail City, Minn 93 Ottumwa, la 20 Owatonna, Minn 99 Owego, Minn 93 Oxford Mills, la 17 Ozark, In. . .41 O'Neill City, Neb 10 Palatine, HI 50 Palisade, Nev 35 Palmyra, Wis 55 Paola, Wis 79 Park Ridge, 111 50 Parkers, Minn 93 Pecatonicu, 111 43 Pembina, Dak 93 Pensaukee, Wis 67 Perham, Miiin 93 Peshtigo, Wis 68 Petaluma, Cal 85 Pewaukee, Wis 56 Pine City, Minn 91 Pine Creek, Wis 98 Pine Island, Minn 99 Plainview, Minn 99 PlankRoad, 111 50 Platteville, Wis 13 Pleasant Grove, Minn 99 . Pleasant Prairie, Wis 116 Plover, Wis 67 Plum River, Dl 44 Plymouth, Wis 115 Pokegama Kails, Minn 92 Polk City, la 21 Polo.Ill 13 Poplar Grove, 111 116 Portage Lake, Mich 74 Portage, Wis 56 Port Byron, 111 14 Port Townsend, W. T 40 Port Washington, Wis 113 Portland, Oregon 35 Portlandville, Iowa 24, 25 Postville.Ia 19 Poynette, Wis 81 Prairie, Minn 102 Prairie aux Isle, Minn 98 Prairie du Chien, Wis 16 Prairie da Sac, Wis 81 Princeton, Minn 95 Princeton, Wis 61 Prospect Park, 111 10 Propnetstown, Dl 14 Provo, Utah 84 Puget Sound, Oregon 85 Quarry, la 20 Racine,Wis 107 Racine Junction, Wis .107 Ramsey, Minn. . . ., 16 Ravenswood, 111 103 Ravinia, 111 .104 Rawlings, Wyo 88 Redding, Cal 39 Red Wing, Minn 99 Redwood Falls, Minn 94, :i02 Reedsburg, Wis 85 Reno, Nev 86 Richmond.lll 46 Richwood, Wis 56 Ridgefleld, 111 52 Ridgeland, 111 10 Ridott,Ill 44 Ringwood, 111 45 via INDEX. PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Ripon, Wis 68 River Forest, HI 10 River Sioux, la 24 Rochelle, 111 12 Rochester, la , - . 17 Rochester, Minn. , 99 Rockfield, 111 19 Rockfleld, Wia 112 Rockford, 111 43 Rock Island, 111. 14 Rock Island Junction, Hi 14 Rockton, Wis 55 Rogers Park, 111 103 Rome Corners, Wis 79 Roscoe. Ill 78 Rosehill. Ill 103 Roseburgh, Oregon 40 Rosendale. Wis. 58 Round Grove, 111 14 Royalton, Wis .-. .62, 67 Rush City, Minn 91 Rushfora, Minn. 16 Sabula, la 15 Sacramento, Cal 35 Salem, Oregon 40 Salem, Wis 116 Salinas, Cal 35 Salix, la 24 Salt Lake City, Utah 33 San Diego, Cal 35 San Francisco, Cal 35 San Jose, Cal 35 Santa Barbara, Cal 35 Santa Clara, Cal 35 Sania Cruz, Cal 35 Santa Ros:i, Cal 35 Santiago. Minn 95 Saratoga. Minn 102 Sargejnt's Bluff, la 24 Sank City, Wis 81 Sauk Rapids, Minn 95 / Savanna, 111 14,45 Saylor, la 21 Scale* Monnd,Ill 44 Scandinavia, Wis 67 Schuyler, Neb. . 32 Scranton. la 21 Scribner, Neb 29 Seattle, Oregon 40 Seymour, Wis 66 Shannon. Ill 14, 45 Sharon, Wis 54 Shawano, Wis 62j 65 Sheboyean, Wis 113 Sheldahl, la 21 Shellsburg, la 19 Shell.Rock. la. 19 Shiocton, Wis 66 Shopiere, Wis 55 Sidney. Neb 32 Silver City, Idaho 34 Silver City, Nev 35 Sioux City, la 24 Sioux Falls City, Dak 24, 25 Sioux St. Marie, Mich 71 Sleepy Eye Lake, Minn 102 Sloan, la" 24 Smithland, la 24 Snells, Wis 62 Soledad, Csl 35 South Caledonia, 111 116 South tivanston, 111 103 Sparta. Wis 96 Spaulding, Mich. 69 Spechts t erry, la 16 Spring Creek, la .' 20 Spring Green. Wis 85 SpringHill, 111 14 Spring Valley, Minn 16, 99 PLACE AND STATS. PAGE Spring Valley, Wis 85 Springfield, Wis 55 Springville, la 19 Stanton, Neb 30 Stanwood. la 17 State Ceutre, la 20 State Hospital, Wis 62 State Line, 111 107 State Line, Minn 102 - 1. Anthony, Minn 94 St. Cloud, Minn 96 ht. Charles, 111 10 St. Charles, Minn 99 St. Francis, Minn 95 St. Francis, Wi* 108 St. Helena, CaL 35 St. Ignace Island, L. S 71 St. Mary, Wis 61, 97 St. Paul, Minn 89 St. Peter, Minn 101 Steamboat Rock. la 20 Steilacoom, W. T 40 Sterling, III 13 Stephenson, Mictx 69 Stevenstown, Wi-> 98 Ste 'ens' Point, Wis 63 Still water, Minn 91 Stockton, Cal 35 Stockton, Minn 99 Stoughton, Wis 55 Summit, Wis 96 Summerdale, 111 103 Sun Prairie, Wis 56 Superior City, Wis. 73 Swede Point. la.. 21 Sycamore. Ill 11 Sydney. Australia 35 Syene, Wis 79 Tacoma, Oregon 35 Tama, la 19 Taylor.Ill 12 Tekami, Neb 24, 29 Thompson, Minn 91 Tipton, la 17 Toana, Utah 35 Toledo, la 20 To-nah,W5s 86 Toronto, la 17 Traer. la 20 Trempealeau, Wis 98 Truckee. Cal 35 Turkey River, la 16 Turner, III 10 Twin Lakes, HI. ... 46, 53 Two Rivers, Wis 113 Udina, Iowa 42 Um-uilla, Oregon 40 Union, 111 43 Union, !a 20 Union Centre, Wis 85 Union Grove, 111 14 Utica,Minn 99 Vail, la 23 Vancouvers Island, B. C 35 Vandyne, Wis 61 Vermillion. Dak 24, 25 Veron i, Wis 79 Victoria 19 Victoria, B. C 35, 40 Vinton, la 19 Viola, la 19 Virginia City, Mont 34 Virginia City, Nev 35 Viroqua. Wis 97 Volga City, la... 16 Wadsworth, Nev 35 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Waldep, la.... 17 Wallace. Mich 69 Walla Walla, Wash. Ter 40 Wallula.W.T 40 Wall Lake, la 22 Walnut Grove, Minn. 102 Waltham.Ia 19 Warren, 111 13,44 Waseca, Minn. 100 Watab, Minn 96 Waterloo, la 19 Waterloo, Wis 56 Waterman's Mills, 111 44 Watertown, Wis 56 Watkins, la 19 Wauconda, 111 51 Waukegan, 111 105 Wankesha, Wis 55 Waunakee, Wis 80 Waupacca, Wis 63 Waupeton, la 16 Waupun, Wis 56 Wansau, Wis 86 Wayne, LI 42 Wayne Centre, 111 42 Wayzata, Mmn 94 Webster City, la 19 Wells, Minn. . . 16 Welton, Iowa Hi Wenona, 111 13 West Bend, Wis Ill West Menasha, Wis 63 West Pensaukee, W.9 67 West Point. Neb 24,20 West Rapids, la 19 West Salem, Wis 97 West Side, la 22 West Union, la. 19 Weyau wega, Wis P. .62, 63 Wheaton, 111 10 Wheatland, la 16 Wheeling. Ill 50 Whitewater, Wis 55 White Bear Lake, Minn 91 Whiting, la 24 Wilmar, Minn 94 Wilmette, 111. 104 Wilmot. Wis 116 Wilton, la 17 Wilton, Wis 96 Winfleld. Ill 10 Winnebago, III. 43 Winnebago, Minn 16 Winneconne, Wis 56, 62 Winnemucci. Nev 35 Winnepeg, Manitoba 93 Winnetka, III 104 Winona, Minn 98 Winona Junction, Wis 97 Wisconsin Valley J unc., Wis. Rfi Wisner, Neb 24. 29 Wonowoc, Wis 85 Woodbine, la 23 Woodside. Wis 88 Woodstock, 111 52 Woodworth, Wis 116 Worcester, Wis 63 Worthington, Minn 101 Wrightstown, Wis 65 Wyoming, la. 17, 41 Wyoming, Minn 91 ! Yankton, Dak 24, 25 ' Yellow Creek. Ill 44 i Yellow Medicine. Minn 94 ; Yokohama, Japan 35 Youug America, Wis 112 Znmbro. Minn.. 99 Zwiugle, la 41 THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. WHERE IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS. HISTORICAL. We do not propose to trouble you much with figures, but merely give you at this time the mileage owned and operated exclusively by this Company, and the mileage owned and operated entirely or mainly by this Company. Lines owned and operated exclusively by this Company. Chicago, via Clinton, to Missouri River at Omaha 491 CO Chicago to Freeport . 12100 Chicago to Milwaukee 85 OJ Chicago Cut-off and Branches . 9 iO Ohicapo to Lake Supejrlor, including Branches, 464 H Stanwood to Tipton 850 filgin to Lake Geneva 4451 Cenevato St. Charles Geneva to Batavia 3 * Belvldere to 'Winona, via Madison and Elroy . 227 00 Kenosha to Rockf ord 72 10 Chicago, via Madison, Elroy and Sparta, to La Crosse Clinton (la.) to Anamosa '. Milwaukee to Fond du Lac Winona to Lake Kampeska. Dak . Maple River Junction to Mapleton, Iowa Menominee River Hallway, Mich 27700 71 40 62 63 330 75 6000 2500 Total Miles 2,07828 Routes owned and operated entirely or mainly by this Company. Council Bluffs and California Line St. Paul Line, (Elroy Koute) Green Bay and Lake Superior Line Elroy, Winona and Lake Kampeska Line .... Sioux City and Tankton Line Dubuque and La Crosse (via Clinton) Line 315 FrecportLine l Milwaukee Line Milwaukee and Fond du Lac Line Lake Geneva Line 85 72 a 9 3 I 19 6 Maple River Railway" .'.'.'.".".".!'.'.". ....\'.'.. '.... '.'.. 60 Meuominee River Railway Total Miles 3,525 Clinton and Anamosa Kenosha and Kocuford Line Stanwood and Tipton Railroad Geneva and St. Charles Line Geneva and Batavia Line Chicago "Cutoff" and Branches Onalaska to La Cro.sse We wish to describe to you the commencement, growth, and present stalu* of the Company, and give you short descriptions of the country, cities, towns, villages' and .stations it passes through, and to note in passing any special items that may be thought of interest to those not fully familiar with our great Western land. This Company owns and operates First The shortest, oldest and best line between Chicago and Council Bluffs and Omaha, and the first that formed a connection with the Union Pacific for Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, California, Oregon, and the Pacific Coast. This is known as the OMAHA AND CALIFORNIA LINE, or THE GREAT TRANS- CONTINENTAL OVERLAND ROUTE. Second The best and most direct route to Madison, St. Paul, Minneapolis, and for all points beyond. This line is new, and as such has been equipped with everything tending to comfort, speed and safety, that modern invention has placed in the hands of the progressive Railroad Manager. This line is known as " The Elroy Route." Third The ONLT line from Chicago to Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Escanaba, Negau- nee, Marquette and L'Anse, by which the traveler can reach the shores of Lake Supe- rior by rail. Fourth The only line from Chicago to Freeport, and, via Freeport, to Galena, Dunleith, Dubuque, and points West. This is one of the oldest and best lines in the West, and for many years was the only rail line by which the traveler from the Lakes could reach the Mississippi river. Fifth The only line from Chicago to Sparta, Winona, Rochester, St. Peter, New Ulin, Marshall, and Lake Kampeska, Dakota. This line is 623 miles iong, and runs through Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and into Dakota. THB NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. Sixth A line from Kenosha to Rockford, which is the only route through that part of the country. Seventh The old and popular route from Chicago to Milwaukee. This is the only line between these cities that runs along the Lake Shore, and offers to the traveler the benefit of the Lake views, and access to the many beautiful cities, towns and villager along its shores. Eighth A line from Clinton, Iowa, to Anamoea. This was formerly known as the Iowa Midland Railroad, and runs through the garden of Iowa. Ninth Numerous branches, which open up routes off the main line of travel. As we get further along you will see that even these form but a proportion of the iines controlled by this great Company. Owning at this time over two thousand miles of railroad, it may readily be conjectured that the present Company were not the builders of the whole of it. This is true. The present line is the final result of a series of grand consolidations. Beginning, then, with the earlier built portion of the original Chicago & North-Western Railway, we find that on January 16th, 1836, the Galena & Chicago Union Railway Co. was incorporated by the State of Illinois, with power to construct a railroad from Chicago to Galena, and lateral lines as they might deem advisable, and to "unite" with any other railroad company already chartered or that might be chartered, and to build lines to connect with these lines or any other. In 1847 they began to build, and by January, 1850, had finished to Elgin, 42 miles. Under charters above named, and previous to 1854, the G. & C. U. Co. had built a branch line from Belvidere, 111. to Beloit, on the border of Wisconsin, a distance of 21 miles, and in 1854, they leased the Beloit & Madison Railway, a line projected and partly built from Beloit towards Madison, 47 miles. In 1847, the oflicers of the G. & C. U. Co. visited Janesville, and other places in Wisconsin, soliciting aid to construct their projected lines, and incited by promises of co-operation, on August 19, 1848, an act was procured incorporating the Beloit & Madison Railway, named above, which was chartered to Be built from Beloit, via Janesville, Madison and La Crosse, to a point on Mississippi river near St. Paul, and also from Janesville to Fond du Lac. Febru- ary 9th, 1850, the name of the Madison & Beloit P ail way Co. was changed to that of The Rock River Valley Union Railroad Company The line from Janesville was not pushed by this Company, as the people had been led to believe it would be, and as a result of the dissatisfaction a charter was approved February 12, 1851, incorporating * The Illinois & Wisconsin Railroad Co.," with power to build a railroad from Chicago north to the Illinois State line, and to consolidate with any line in Wisconsin. March 10th, 1855, this last named line was by act of Legislature of Wisconsin consolidated with the Rock River Valley Union Railroad Co. , and authorized to take such name for the new company as the Board of Directors might see fit. On March 30th, 1855, this consolidation was perfected, and the consolidated company was named The Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad Co. Here, then, we have the origin of the- first portion of the present Wisconsin Division of Chicago & North- Western Railway. "The object and desire of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad Co. from the beginning, was the extension of their line from Janesville northwest via Madison and La Crosse to St. Paul, and from Janesville north along the valley of Rock river to Fond du Lac, and to the great iron and copper regions of Lake Superior." During the first four years of its existence, it succeeded in building a line (broad gauge, 6 feet). from Chicago to the Wisconsin State line at Sharon, and in the meantime The Rock itiver Valley Union Railroad Co. had built 30 miles of its road from Fond du Lac vowards Minnesota (then La Crosse) Junction. The consolidated company proceeded as fast as possible to close up the gap between the two pieces of road, and completed it in 1859, thus forming a continuous line from Chicago via Janesville and Wfitertown, THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. to Fond du Lac, 176 miles. In June, 1856, by the almost unaided efforts of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad, Congress was induced to make a grant of land to the State of Wisconsin, to aid in completing its lines of road. At an extra session of the Legislature of Wisconsin, held in September or October, 1856, a contest arose over this grant, and the result was the land upon the northwestern line was given to the La Crosse & Milwaukee Railroad Co., and the lands on the northern line were given to the Wiscon- sin & Lake Superior Railroad Co., a corporation that was x chartered by this Legislature for the express purpose of giving it this land grant ! The Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway was thus deprived of the grant of lands which had been obtained for the State of Wisconsin by its efforts ! By Acts of February 12 and 28, 1857, the Wis- consin & Lake Superior Railway and the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway Cos., were authorized to consolidate, and on March 5, 1857, the companies were con- solidated under name of Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad Co., and thus secured the land grant of six (6) sections (3,840 acres) per mile along its line in Wisconsin. In 1857 came the great financial revulsion, which at once put a stop to further con- struction of this with many other lines of railway. lu February, 1859, in Illinois, and in March, (and October), 1859, the Legislatures authorized reorganization of the com- pany, and on June 6th a new company was organized, under the name of Chicago & North- Western Railway Co., to which was passed all the franchises and rights of the then defunct Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway Co. Here, then, is the real beginning of the present great corporation that is now known by the above name. On- April 10, 1861, this Company was authorized to build a line from Fond du Lac via Fort Howard or Green Bay to the north line of Wisconsin, at the Menomonee river. During 1859 the road was completed to Oshkosh, (194 miles); in 1860 and '61 to Apple- ton, 20 miles further north; and in 1862 the line was extended to Fort Howard, (Green Bay), forming a line 242 milel long. In 1862-3, The Kenosha, Rockford & Rock River Railroad, running from Kenosha westwardly, was completed, 72 miles, to Rockford,. on the Galena & Chicago Union Road, and to prevent its falling into unfriendly hands, it was purchased by the Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. in 1863, and operated as the Kenosha Division. To secure the business of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan,. The Peninsula Railroad Co. was incorporated in 1861, and authorized to build a road from Escanaba on Little Bey Des Noquet, to Marquette, on Lake Superior. The com- pany was organized in 1862, work commenced in 1863, and the road completed to the Jackson Mines, at the village of Negaunee, where it formed a junction with the Mar- quette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, 12 miles from Marquette. In October, 1864, this line was consolidated with the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and was desig- nated "The Peninsula Division." A line of steamboats was established by the Green Bay Transit Company, to ply between Green Bay and Escanaba, and form the connection between the two piecea of railroad. This brings the history of the line down to the date of the Grand Con- solidation that was effected between the Chicago & North-Western and Galena & Chicago Union Railways, and offers a chance to give the history of the last named of these roads. THE LINE WESTWARD. The Galena & Chicago Union Railroad Co. was Incorporated January 16, 1836, and waa provided with a "saving clause" in its charter, whereby the contemplated roa'd might be made a "good turnpike" instead of a railroad! Whether hesitating over which it should be, or simply waiting for the "Star of Empire," it exhibited no especial vitality for some time, and ten years after its organi- zation, we find the Directors of the Company seriously discussing the policy of turning THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. their attention backward from the wilds of Illinois, and first building their road east- ward to meet the Michigan Central Road", which was then halting at New Buffalo. They however did decide to venture westward, and the first ten miles of road, Chicago to Harlem, was completed December 30, 1848, extended to Elgin, January 22, 1850, to Rockford, August 2, 1852, and to Freeport, September 1, 1853. At this point the superior advantages of T rail became apparent, and the "strap rail," with which the road had been built, was taken up, and the T iron rail put down. This again, with the further march of improvement, has given place to the steel rail, with which the line is now laid. Before the completion of the road to the Fox river, the Chief Engineer placed on the records of the Company a prophetic "estimate," to the effect that when coin,- pleted to that point, the resources of the country might furnish business sufficient for "two trains each way for two-thirds of the year, and one train each way for one-third of the year." That prophet (whose "eye is not dimmed") may now count more than 20 regular trains each way daily passing over this line. When the line to Freeport had been in operation about a year, the Company decided to seek a more direct line to the Mississippi, and acting upon this decision, the road from Turner Junction to the Mis- sissippi river was completed to Dixon, December 4, 1854, extended to Sterling, July 22, 1855, to Morrison, September 23, 1855, and the Mississippi river, December 10, 1855. FROM THE MISSISSIPPI WESTWARD. The Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Co; completed in 1858 a line from Clinton to Cedar Rapids, and leased it to the G. & C. U. Co., July 3, 1862. The Cedar Rapids & Mo. River Railroad Co. commenced the construction of a road from Cedar Rapids westward, of which the first 27 miles were completed in 1860, and extended from time to time, until having 40 miles completed, it also was leased to the G. & C. U. Co., July 8th. 1862. These Iowa roads, together with the roads built by the G. & C. Co., came under the management of the Chicago & Ncrth- Western Railway Co., by con- solidation, June 2, 1864. The extension of the road through Iowa was continued and finally completed to the Missouri river March 15, 1867, ready to join the Union Pacific in its march toward the Pacific Ocean. During the building of the Dixon Air Line, as the road was designated that ran from Junction, 30 miles west of Chicago, the G. & C. U. absorbed and consolidated with its other charters, that of the Mississippi & Rock River Junction Railroad Co., which company had been chartered by the State of Illinois, on February 15, 1851. The consolidation was effected January 9th, 1855. In 1854 the G. & C. U. Co. built aline from Belvidere to Beloit, as we have already stated in an earlier portion of this sketch, and in 1854 entered into an arrangement with the Beloit & Madison Railroad Co., which owned a line between these points. Some time prior to 1857, the G. & C. U. Co. became identified with the Fox River Valley Railroad, which was being built north- wardly up the valley of Fox river, and towards the Wisconsin State Line. This road was finally reorganized, absorbed by the G. & C. U. Co., and its name changed to that of The Elgin & State Line Railroad. It was extended from Elgin to Richmond, near the north line of Illinois, and was 33 miles long. It now forms a portion of the Chicago & North- Western Railway line to Lake Geneva. About this time the G. & C. TJ. Co. bought the St. Charles & Mississippi Air Line Railway, of which only $ miles, from Chicago to Harlem (now Oak Park) was ever built. This then brings down the history of the G. & C. U. Co. to the date of the grand consolidation. In 1861 the directory of the Chicago & North-Western Railway was composed of W. B. Ogden, (Pres.), Geo. Smith, both of Chicago; Perry H. Smith, (Vice-Pres.), of THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. Appleton; M. C. Darling, of Fond du Lac; A. L. Prichard, of Watertown; J. J. R. Pease, of Janesville; W. A. Booth, Lowell Holbrook, David Dows, C. S. Sey- ton, H. H. Boody, and Austin Baldwin, of New York; and G. M. Bartholomew, of Hartfonl, Conn. It then owned 29 locomotives and 19 passenger cars, and its operat- ing expenses for the year were only $258,657.74. In 1861-2-3, George L. Dunlap was Superintendent, C. S. Tappau, General Freight Agent, and E. De Witt Robinson, its General Ticket Agent. In 1861-2, its earnings were $849,719.27, and in 1862-3, $1,083,051.05. The great iron bridge that connects the Iowa lines with those in Illinois, was begun in 1864. The Union Pacific Railway was also commenced at Omaha this year, and by June, 1865, 100 miles were completed. The Central Pacific Railroad was completed in 1864 from Sacramento to Clipper Gap, 44 miles, and 12 miles further by September 1, 1865. The total mileage of the roads owned by the G. & C. U. Co. at the time of the consolidation was as follows : Chicago to Freeport, 121 miles; Chicago toClinton,138 miles; Beloit Branch, 21 miles; St. Charles & Mississippi Air Line, 9 miles; Elgin to Richmond, and a short line at Elgin, 35 miles. Total, 324 miles, of which 80 miles, Chicago to Turner Junction, (now Junction) was really double track. Its leased lines completed were Clinton, la. to Cedar Rapids, 82 miles, (Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad); Cedar Rapids to Nevada, 122 miles, (Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Rail- road); and Beloit to Madison, 47 miles, (Beloit & Madison Railroad.) Total leased lines then finished, 251 miles. THE CONSOLIDATION. ' The long-continued, unwise and injurious competition which existed between the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad and Chicago & North- Western Railway Com- panies, at their several points of contact, and which seemed to be chronic and not likely to terminate, and which induced the companies to give much of their time and attention to the control or construction of inferior, rival and illegitimate lines, naturally gave rise to proposals for the consolidation of these lines, as the only certain and per- manent remedy for loss of earnings and increase of expenses, resulting from the senseless, but apparently unavoidable, competition which existed." The stockholders consented to the consolidation, and on June 2, 1864, it was virtually effected and car- ried out; and on February 15, 1865, was approved and ratified by legislative enactments, and the new corporation was named The Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. From this time (October, 1865,) forward, we have to deal with the history of but one company. About this time the Directory of the Company, to secure its interests, and prevent its falling into hostile hands, found that it was essential to obtain control of a line from Chicago to Milwaukee, and The Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad was secured. This line, connecting the cities of Chicago and Milwaukee, was commenced at each end at about the same time, but under two corporations The Chicago & MilA'aukee Railroad Co., incorporated February 17, 1851, building the line from Chicago to the State Line, 45 miles ; and the Milwaukee & Chicago Railroad Co., incorporated March 12, 1851, build- ing the line from Milwaukee to State Line, 40 miles. Both lines were completed in 1855, and run in connection until June 5, 1863, when they were consolidated, under the name of The Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad Co., and which came under the manage- ment of the Chicago & North- Western Railway Co., by perpetual lease, Ma}' 2, 1866. M. L. Svkes, Jun., now joined the Chicago & North- Western Railway. This year found C. S. Tappan, General Freight Agent, and B. F. Patrick, General Ticket Agent. In 1866 the Company bought out the Green Bay Transit Company, and placed two new boats on the bay to make connection between Green Bay and Escanaba. THE NORTH /AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. The Union Pacific Railroad had, up to 15th May, 1865, completed 425 miles of their road. In 1866, the northern end of the present Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad was completed from a point 45 miles south of Council Bluffs, and con- nections made with the Chicago & North-Western Railway at Council Bluffs. The Sioux City branch of Union Pacific as the present Sioux City & Pacific Railroad was' then called was commenced this year. At the close of the eighth fiscal year of Chicago & North- Western Railway, it had under its control, by absolute ownership or perpetual lease, 1,152.4 miles. In October, 1867, this Company bought of D. N. Barney & Co. their interest in the Winona and St. Peter Railway a line being built westwardly from Winona, Minn., and of which 105 miles were built. It also bought of the same parties their interest in the La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott Railway a line being built from Winona Junc- tion, three miles east of La Crosse, Wis., to Winona, Minn. The Omaha & California line (Galena & Iowa Division), was opened to Missouri river, opposite Omaha, in April, 1867. The ninth fiscal year closed with the Company having 1,349. 7 miles of iron.* The tenth fiscal year of the Company found J. C. Qault, General Freight Agent and Assist- ant General Superintendent, with H. P. Stanwood as General Ticket Agent. Henry Keep, Esq., the President of the Company, died August, 1869. Since the last report was printed (1868) the Pacific roads were completed, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway finished to Council Bluffs; the Sioux City & Pacific was also com- pleted, and connection formed with it at St. John's (now Missouri Valley). Total length of road, 1,156 miles. Miles of iron, including side tracks, 1,367.7. With the llth fiscal report, (May 31, 1870), we find J. F. Tracy, President; J. C. Gault, General Superintendent, and C. C. Wheeler, General Freight Agent. That year, (1869-70), the Burlington & Missouri River Railway of Iowa was finished to Council Bluffs, and the Winona & St. Peter was completed to Janesville, Minn., making 121 miles finished from Winona. The La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott Railroad was also finished this year. Total mileage of finished line, 1,186, With the 12th year, (May 31, 1871), we have J. H. 'Howe, General Manager, and J. C. Gault, General Superintendent. In this term the Company obtained control of the charter of the Baraboo Air Line Railroad a line projected northward from Madison, Wis. ; and after consolidating it with their Beloit & Madison R. R., and these both with the Chicago & North- Western Railway, which began the work, rapidly pushed the line from Madison towards Winona Junction, 126 miles. The bridge across the Mis- sissippi river at Winona was commenced. The Winona and St. Peter line was com- pleted to St. Peter, 140 miles from Winona; and a charter procured for the Winona, Jtfankato & New Ulm Railroad, under which the Winona % St. Peter Railroad Co. built a line into Mankato, 3| mil' s. On the Galena Division, from Geneva, 111., to St. Charles, 111., the Chicago & North- Western Railway built a line, 2i miles long. Some years before this, The Iowa Central Railroad Company was incorporated to build a line westward from Lyons, Iowa. The Iowa Midland Railway Company absorbed this line, and this year it was taken into the Chicago & North- Western Railway combination, with 35 miles of rail laid, and 75 miles of track graded. Many years before, a strap rail line had been operated north of, and in connection with, the Elgin & State Line Railway; a new charter was now procured, under which The State Line & Union Railway Co. was authorized to build aline from the Northern line of Illinois, 10 miles, to Lake Geneva, Wis. The line was finished, and operated from this year. It will be remembered that at Green Bay the old Chicago & North- Western line terminated. This year it was arranged to build the Menomonee extension, and close the gap between Green Bay and Escanaba some 120 miles in the year. Fifty-two * This fncliirtpfl firtf- frnr-lr THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. mli'es were put under contract and rapidly built. The new line from Madison north was opened to Lodi this year. Total mileage of road reported, 1,223.8. With the report of the 13th fiscal year, (May 31, 1872), we have Albert Keep, President; Marvin Eughitt, General Superintendent; and W. A. Thrall, General Ticket Agent. During this year the Winona & St. Peter line was finished, and (in February, 1872,) opened to New Vim, Minn. The Iowa Midland was finished to Anamosa in October, 1871. The Madison Division was opened to Reedsburg. According to the report of the 14th fiscal year, W. H. Stennett was General Passenger Agent; and this year 64.6 miles of line between Menomonee and Escanaba; 43.6 miles of Madison extension; Similes of Stan wood & Tipton Railroad (a side line from Stanwood, on Iowa Division, to Tipton); 3 miles Batavia, 111., Branch, (from Geneva to Batavia); and 5 miles of track connecting the Wisconsin and Galena Divisions in Chicago, were built and operated. The line from Fort Howard (Greeu Bay) to Escanaba was opened in December, 1872. The steamers on Green Bay were disposed of, and through trains run from Chicago to Negaunee. February 25, 1871, a line from Milwaukee northerly to Fond du Lac was incorporated, under the name of The North- Western Union Railway Co. The road was commenced in 1872, and in 1873 completed, and operated by Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. The length of line is 63 miles ; it connects the Milwaukee with the Wisconsin Division, and shortens the distance between Chicago and Fond du Lac some 29 miles. The West Wisconsin Railroad a line running from Elroy to Hudson, and thence to St. Paul was completed, and arrangements made by which '..he Chicago & North- Western Railway were enabled to compete for business to St. Paul and beyond. This new through line is known as The Chicago, Madison & St. Paul Line. This year 240 acres of land, five miles west of Wells street depot in Chicago, were bought, for the purpose of building thereon the machine and car shops of the Company. Total mileage reported this year, 1,849. With the report of the 15th fiscal year (May, 1874), H. H. Porter is named as General Manager. The Madison extension was com- pleted to Winona Junction, where it formed connection with the La Crosse, Trem- pealeau & Prescott Railroad, and perfected the line from Chicago to Winona. The Winona and St. Peter Railway was completed to Lake Kampeska, 623 miles from Chicago, and opened, with an excursion, on September 17, 1873. The North- Western Union line was finished between Milwaukee and Fond du Lac, and opened on September 7, 1873. Total miles reported in operation, 1,992. In Illinois, 489 ; Iowa, 434 ; Wisconsin, 566 ; Michigan, 171 ; Minnesota, 293, and Dakota, 39. The general office building, in size, 60 x 200 feet, on Kit.zie, between Market and Franklin Streets, Chicago, was built this year, and the new shops at Chicago commenced. With the end of the 18th fiscal year (May 31, 1875), and the beginning of the 17th year, the Company had 369 locomotives, 178 passenger cars, 28 Pullman drawing room sleepers, 4 parlor chair day coaches, and 9,146 freight and other cars. In the year that had then closed, its passenger trains had run 2,491,956 miles, and its freight trains 6,542,550 miles. We have thus brought the history of the line down to the present day, and have shown how it has grown to its present enormous proportions. Thus, then, we have answered the queries "Where is it, and What is it ?" The other questions are more difficult of solution, but solved they can be What can it do for you ? THE OMAHA & CALIFORNIA LINE. The portions of the Company's lines that are used in a trip from Chicago to Omaha, are the Galena & Iowa Divisions, the building of which we have before referred to. The cities, towns and villages along this line will be described hereafter. By glancing THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. at our map it will be seen that this route passes through the counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, DeKalb, Ogle, Lee and Whiteside, in Illinois, and Clinton, Cedar, Linn.Benton, Tama, Marshall, Story, Boone, Green, Carroll, Crawford, Shelby, Harrison and Pot- tawatomie, in Iowa counties that for productiveness of soil and general fertility, cannot be surpassed anywhere. Following closely along the forty-second degree of latitude, this line is far enough south to escape the rigors of a real northern winter, with its accompanying deep snows, and is yet far enough north to escape the scorching and blistering suns of July and August, that burn and brown the counties further south. To the person seeking a home in the settled part of the West, these counties offer vast inducements, good land, good water, plenty of timber, and a health-giving climate. Except on the western end of this route, the land is mostly all settled, and is well improved, hence is held at rates much higher than is asked for the wild lands of the farther West. West of Boone county, Iowa, the Iowa Railroad Land Company own large bodies of very fine land that they sell at prices ranging from $5 to $15 per acre. The Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. has not any lands for sale in Illinois, nor in Iowa. This line forms junctions with other railroads in Illinois as follows: At Junc- tion, with branch of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; at Cortland, with Cortland & Sycamore; at Rochelle, with Chicago & Iowa ; at Dixon, with Illinois Central; at Sterling, with Rockford & St. Louis; and at Fulton, with Western Union. In Iowa the junctions are at Clinton, with Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque; at De Witt and Wheatland, with the Davenport & St. Paul ; at Stanwood, with Stanwood & Tip- ton ; at Cedar Rapids, with Dubuque Southwestern, and Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota; at Tama, with Toledo & North- Western; at Marshalltown, with Central Railroad of Iowa; at Ames, with DesMoines & Minnesota; at Grand Junction, with Des Moines & Fort Dodge; at Missouri Valley, with Sioux ity & Pacific; at Coun- cil Bluffs, with Kansas City, St. Joe and Council Bluffs; and at Omaha, with the Union Pacific, the Burlington & Missouri River, and the Omaha & North- Western. These numerous connecting lines give to this great route facilities for reaching all parts of the country north, south and west of its own line. With all of these lines friendly relations exist, and over them we daily send and receive both passengers and freight. From our ticketing stations, and from all prominent ticket agencies in all parts of the country, through coupon tickets over our line and via the junctions above named, can be procured to nearly all the stations on the roads above named. It may not be unprofitable to say here that if you are going to Galena, Dubuque, Prairie du Chien, La Crosse, Waterloo, Austin, Mason City, Des Moines, Ackley, Fort Dodge, Sioux City, Yankton, Blair or Wisner, your interests will be best served by using this line of The Chicago & North- Western Railway. If Council Bluffs or Omaha is your destination, you should certainly choose this route, as it is the shortest and hence the quickest, and is by all odds the most pleasant, as far as the country it passes through, or as to its equipment of cars, coaches, Pullman Drawing-room Sleep- ers, (and here we will say that this is the only line running Pullman Drawing-room cars in which ladies and children can be isolated and free from the annoyance of having other passengers in the same compartment between Chicago and Omaha. This is an important fact to be remembered. by those who desire drawing rooms in sleeping cars.) This line is of steel rail, was the first to reach Council Bluffs and Omaha from Chi- cago, and the first to contract passengers and freight from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Lincoln, Neb., Cheyenne, Wy., Denver, Col., Salt Lake City, Utah, Carson and Virginia City, Nev., Sacramento, The Yo Semite, The Geysers, The Big Tree Groves, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., and all points on the Pacific Coast, as well as the ports of the Pacific, such as Yokohama and Nagasaki, in Japan, Hong THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. Kong and Shanghai, in China, Melbourne, Adelaide and Sidney, in Australia, and Auckland, in New Zealand, are all reached by passing over this line, and iu all these places this Company sustains some form of agency, at which the public can always get full and reliable information, by simply applying for it. No preconceived notions, the stories of pretended travelers, or the paid emissaries of hostile lines, should be allowed to divert your attention from this line if you propose to travel between the East and the "West. At our Pacific Coast Agency, 121 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Cal., at all times can be found gentlemen in the employ of this Company who are fully com- petent and willing to render Trans-Continental travelers any assistance or information they may desire. At our General Eastern Agency, 415 Broadway, New York City, and at our New England Agency, 5 State Street, Boston, Mass., as well as at all the leading Ticket Agencies in the East and West, full and reliable information can be procured by simply asking for it. ON THE ROUTE WESTWARD. VIA THE GALENA DIVISION. Leaving Chicago, from the Wells Street depot of The Chicago & North- Western Railway, and running through Cook and DuPage counties, and almost to the east line of Kane county, to Junction, (Turner Junction), you pass through a succession of towns and villages that are not improperly called suburban to Chicago, for the larger proportion of their citizens are engaged in business in Chicago, while having their homes at these stations. To all of them " Commutation " tickets are sold, and sub- urban trains are run almost hourly each day. Below will be found the rates of fare charged (April 1 5, 1876) to these points, and to a few points beyond that are also reached by suburban trains : j BETWEEN OZHHa^Gr-O A*D ? f in 1 H h o~" 30 Ride9,FamlIv Ticket, good for 4 Montbl. 1 . 3 a 2-J wji ^ Number Months 100 Ride Ticketl are good. Annual Ticket. N 1 K I || 4 6 West 40th Street .15 1 20 2.80 6 50 3 8800 2300 1800 5 6 West 48th Street 20 1 SO 840 7 20 3 4200 25 00 6 7 25 1 80 400 7.20 3 48 00 29 00 7 7 litdgeland 28 205 4 30 9 30 3 55 00 83 00 8 6 Oak Park .80 280 520 ll 00 3 6000 86 00 2700 9 8 Klver Forest .35 260 590 12 50 4 65 00 89 00 10 4 88 2 75 6 30 13 00 68 00 11 4 Meirose 40 805 6 85 14 25 4 71 50 42 SO 82 50 15 8 55 420 950 18 00 75 00 45 00 20 70 5 80 1200 21 50 80 00 48 00 22.5 24 9 Prospect Park Wheaton .80 85 5.95 6 60 18.50 1500 23.50 24 90 4 4 85.00 9000 51.00 54 00 88.00 41 00 27 5 Wlnfleld .95 7 30 16 50 27 50 4 95 00 5700 43 00 80 105 7 95 1800 8000 4 100 00 6000 85.5 Geneva 1.25 9.40 21.30 85.50 5 110.00 66.00 50.00 88.0 St. Charles. . . , 1.25 9.40 21.80 85.50 5 11000 6600 50 00 88 Batavla 1.30 9.40 21.80 85.50 5 11000 6600 5000 85 8 Wayne 1.15 9.35 21.20 84.00 5 89.2 Cllntonville 1.20 9.80 21.50 84.50 5 42.5 Elgin 1.25 9.85 21.60 85.00 6 52.8 Algonquin 1.60 13.25 8000 sun 6 6 In many of these points more or less manufacturing is carried on, but in the larger part of them vary little business is done, and they may be called residence towns. 10 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. After leaving the last " city" station you reach Austin, 7 miles from Chicago, pop. 1,500. Rldgeland, 8 miles from Chicago, pop. 200. Oak Park, 9 miles from Chicago, pop. 3 000. River Forest, 9J miles from Chicago; a new "suburban " station. Maywood, 10 miles from Chicago. A pleasant village of 1,000 people qn the Desplaines river. The town is locate.l on ground 30 feet above the river, and 70 feet above Lake Michigan. It was laid out in 1869, and now has over 300 residences in it. It has a good hotel, four public schools, five churches, and a fine public hall, in which are held the meetings of the Maywood Library Association. No spirituous liquors are allowed to be sold in or within one mile of the town. A fine rock road runs through the village and to Chicago. Melrose, 11 miles from Chicago, is a new station. Klinhurst, 16 miles from Chicago. This place was until recently called Cottage Hill, and in the old " stage days " was a station on the route to the Galena Lead Mines, and to the Mississippi river. It stands on high rolling prairie, 106 feet above Lake Michigan, and is one of the best and easiest drained towns near Chicago, thus having secured to it for all time one of the most important ele- ments conducive of public health. It has several good public graded schools, and some well con- ducted and prosperous private schools. The Evan- gelical Lutheran Church has a college under the presidency of the Rev. P. F. Mensch located here. It has three churches. Its streets and avenues are well graded, and range in width from 80 to 100 feet. Population about 750. Add'tson, a town of 500 people, and the seat of a Lutheran College having 200 students, is 3 miles north, and is tributary to and reached by stage daily f i om Elmhurst. Lombard, 20 miles from Chicago, is a pretty village of 500 people. It has one public school, one church, and a public hall that cost $2,000. Prospect Park, 23 miles from Chicago, is emi- nently a suburban town. It has one public (High) school, and one hotel kept by John Groof, and at' $1.50 per day or $4 per week, can accommodate 100 guests. Population about 500. Wheaton, 24 miles from Chicago. A thriving village of 1,500 people, (county seat of Du Page county, county orgmized 1839, population 19,000) situated on high rolling prairie, surroumlpcl by a fine farming and grazing country. It has 7 churches, a good graded school, and the court house and other county buildings. It is the seat of Wheaton College, which stands on elevated ground on the north side of the railroad, has 200 stu- dents, is in a flourishing condition, and amongst the educational institutions of the West, holds no second place. Winfleld, 28 miles from Chicago formerly called Fredericksburg is a thrifty suburban village of 400 people. It is growing, and is in every way a desirable home for the tired business man. Junction, 30 miles from Chicago, and at the west end of the double track of the Galena Division. The corporate name of the village and the official name of the Post Office is Turner, named for J. B. Tamer, who laid out the first town plat in 1856. It has a population of 1,500, four churches, one good public, school, occupying a brick house that cost $25,000, and three hotels The Junction House, The Turner House, and the Railroad House, charging $2 per day for very excel- lent accommodations. This line of railroad reached " The Junction " in 1849, and for months thereafter the farmers of this part of Du Page county were prophesying that the road must become bankrupt, for " it can never compete with Frink & Walker's line of stages. It will take but a few months to demonstrate that the scheme must fail." So they argued and so they believed. From this point " The Freeport Line " and " The Fox River Branch " of the C. & N.-W. Ry. diverge northwardly, and from here is a short line of rail- road that runs southwardly to Aurora. At Junction the C. & N.-W. Ry. Co. has a repair shop and a mill for re-rolling and repairing iron and steel rails (ieneva, 36 miles from Chicago. We have now passed out of Du Page and into Kane county. This county was first settled by Col. N. Lyon, in June, 1833, while the Pottawatomie Indians still held possession of the land, (they were removed in 1835 by Cap;. C. B. Dodson), and the Colonel is still a citizen of the county. The county was organized i: 183C; the first church and Sunday school started, (at B itavia), '"n;. the first post office established (at Harrington" 1'ord, now La Fox) in 1835. The first court in t . county was held in a log house (also uscl as church and school house for years) on the bank of Fox river, in the homestead of the Har- rington family, who are still residing there, and are amongst the leading and most respected citizens of the county. The present population of the county is not far from 50,000. Geneva, the county seat, is built on terraces on both sides of Fox river, which is well stocked with black bass, pickerel, pike, sun, and other fish.* It has over 2,000 popula- tion, seven churches, a school house built of cut stone, costing $25,000, and accommodating 500 pupils; two flour mills, one machine shop, employ- ing over 100 men; jute, cheese and butter factories, and some other manufacturing interests. Its best hotel is The Union House, which can accommodate 100 guests at $2 per day. Its public hall will seat 500 persons, and its court house, which is of brick, and was built in 1856, cost $60,000. The surrounding country is rolling, and is about equally divided between "prairie" and "timber." The county affords fine shooting in season. Prai- rie chickens, quail, woodcock, partridge, and other game aoound.* Nelson's Lake, Johnson's Mound, and Harrington' ' Island are popular resorts from 1 to 7 miles from the village. St. Charles, 38 miles from Chicago. While not directly on the Omaha and California Line of this road, it is so near, and the branch line reaching it * In giving the names of birds and fishes that are found along this line, we would explain that the names given are "Jocal," and are not scientifically correct. For instance, the text may say '-part- ridge," "pheasant," and "grouse," while the birds are really quail, ruffled and pinnated grouse. The " local " names are those given by our agents, or by hunters and fishermen of the vicinity. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 11 is go short, that we give its description, as we do that of Batavia, which is similarly siiuated in con- nection with the route now under advisement. From Geneva tw o s-hort lines of road are owned by this Company; the one runs from Geneva north 2)tf miles to St. Charles, and the other runs south 2 miles to Batavia. They are operated as the Batavia and St. Charles Branches. St. Charles, with a popu- lation of over 3,000, is situate on both sides of Fox river and is pictnresqnely located on the gently ris- ini: 1 anks or bluffs of the stream. It has two good schools, with 200 students; six churches; a paprr mill, manufacturing 1,500,000 Ibs. yearly; a cheese factory, making 600,000 Ibs. yearly; a foundry, em- ploying GO men. and several flour mills. The Ma- lory House is kept by D. B. Malory, who charges $1.50 per day. The town was first settled in 1833, and the first newspaper published in Kane county (Thj Patriot), was started here in 1841. This is the home of Hon. John F. Furnsworth, one of Illi- nois' best known congressmen. Uata via , 39 miles from Chicago. (See St. Charles for railroad connection. ) This villas e has over 4,000 population ; is located on both sides of Fox river, which ia here spanned by several fine bridges. The bluffs or banks of the river are of limestone, and >ve the water from 30 to 50 feet ; they fur- nish \ ery excellent building stone, which is largely used. :;nd in the quarrying of which from 300 to 400 men 11 d constant employment In the village are many good schools and ten churches. The Ellis House, by , and The Revere, by C. E. Smith, at $2 JUT day, furnish ample and gojd hotel accom- modat ion.-. Here is located the United States Wind- mill Co., employing 100 men, and manufacturing Halladay's windmills and iron pumps, to the value of $250,000 yearly; the Challenge Mill Co., making Nicholls' windmills and Burr's patent feed grinder; the Newton Wagon Co., employing 100 men, and makiii 1 .' 1,400 farm and 300 road wagons yearly; the P. K. Sperry & Co. Manufacturing Co., employing 60 men, and making stoves, caldrons, feed boiler?, etc.; to the value of $100,000 yearly. Osgood & Shumway employ here 30 men in making mill casi-^ ings and. the iron work for school furniture. La Fox. 41 miles from Chicago, a 'village of 150 people, is situated on a well-watered, produc- tire, rolling prairie, and in the midst of a fine dairy county. It has a cheese factory, turning out 100,000 Ibs. year'y. The cheese from this factory finds a market west of the Missouri river. Blackberry, 44 miles from Chicago, Is on Fox river, and has a population of 400. Is on ground so high, that Batavia, St. Charles, Geneva, and many other villages and a large expanse of country can be seen from its streets. This village is also in the " Dairy County" of the Fox river valley, and is noted for its cheese and butter. It has a good ho- tel, The Hurd House, by J. O. Hurd, who can ac- commodate 40 guests, at $1.50 per day; one good graded public school, four churches, and 'one Hour mill. Kanev'Me. 6 miles distant, is tributary to this station, and is reached duily by B. Cary's stage line. Fare, 50 cents. Locli, 51 miles from Chicago; has population of 600; has one school and four churches. Th tirsr justice of the peace in Kane county lived ui.d still lives here. Curl land, 55 miles from Chicago. This village is in De Kalb county, 4; j miles from Sycamore, the county seat, which is reached from Cortland by the Cortland & Sycamore Railway, a railway lineowned by the enterprising citizens of Sycamore. (See Sycamore.) Cortland is on a high, rolling prairie, has 900 population, one graded school, one church t one flour mill, run by steam, and ono hotel, kept by B. B. Parkhurst, who charges $2 per day. Sycamore, 59^ miles from Chicago, is, by rail, reached only via Coitland. Sycamore is located upon an elevated prairie, near the Kishwaukee river, and is the county seat of De Kalb county, Illinois. Laid out aud platted in 1839 ; chartered as a village in 1857 ; obtained a city charter from the Legislature in April, 18b9. Population, 4,000. Distant from Chicago 59# miles, and the north- ern terminus of the SYCAMORE, COETLAND & CHI- CAGO RAILROAD. The streets are wide, laid out at right angles, aud lined with forest and ever- green trees upon either side, giving the city an appearance of. a forest. No pains have been spared to beautify the grounds and yards of private resi- dences with evergreens and other ornamental shrubbery. The business portion of the cily Is | compact. The city graded sch/ool house is one of the finest in the northern part of the State, capable of seating 800 scholar-. ') he court house is located in the centre of the public park, containing about four acres, beautifully la d out and ornamented with forest maples and elms. The city is becoming quite a manufacturing centre the Marsh harvester shop employing 300 workmen; the R. Ellwood Manu- facturing Co. have just completed their shop, and are woiking 125 men, making the R. Ellwood com- bined riding and walking corn cultivator; its force will be greatly increased the coming season. A large and extensive planing mill, was erected the past season. In the city is a flux mill, making from two to three tons of tow per day; an extensive cheese factory: the Winn Hotel, (built the past sea- son), a large, four-story brick building, complete in all its apartments ; eight fine churches, four weekly newspapers, two monthly publications, one flour mill, one national and two private banks, one. public hall, three grain elevators, and an improved syetein of water works, operated by steam. The surrounding country is a beautiful prairie, sur- passed for richness of soil and adaptation to farm- i ing purposes by no section of the State, being upon I an elevated ridge, midway between the Rock and Fox rivers. The city is noted for its steady growth and wealth, the energy of its business men, the vast amount of business done, and its general thrift and prosperity. The SYCAMORE, CORTLAND & CHICAGO RAILROAD has running, arrangements in connec- tion with the Chicigo & North-Western Railway Co., connecting at Cortland Station. De Kalb, 58 mile? from Chicago, pop. 2,000, is located in the centre of a large prairie, and is an active, go-ahead towrt, enjoying a large trade with the surrounding country, which issetiled by wealthy farmers. The town has cheese factories, two "Barbed Wire Fence" factories, employing over 200 men, (this barbed wire fence is " something new under the sun," and consists of wire twisted tou'niiier and guarded by pointed wire prongs or " barbs" that serve as protection from injury by 12 THB NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. cattle), five churches, one public school, and two hotels The Central House, by S. D. Burt, and The Eagle, by F. Scripton. Malta, 64 miles from Chicago. It has a popula- tion of 600, one school house that cost $5,000, three churches, and The Scofield House, a very fair hotel, by William Scofleld. Creston, 70 miles from Chicago. We now pass into Ogle county. The village was formerly called Dement, after Col. John Dement, one of the oldest settlers of Northern Illinois. It has a school house that cost in 1869, $10,000, two churches, two grain elevators, one newspaper, The Times, edited by H. C. Bobbins, and two hotels. The village was laid out in 1857, and was incorporated in 1867. The first settler in this part of the county was Thomas Smith, (Uncle Tommy), who for years was station agent, postmaster, justice of the peace, and hotel- keeper. The present station agent has held his place for 17 years. Population, 600. Roclielle, 75 miles from Chicago. This town is in Ogle county, 15 miles from Oregon, its couuty seat, which is reached by the CHICAGO & IOWA R'Y, a line that runs from Rochelle to Forreston. Ogle county was organized in 1836; at its first election in 1837, only 190 votes were cast. The first wedding in the county was in 1833; the first birth in 1834; the first school opened and the first wheat grown in 1834; the first post office established in 1835, and the first mill built in 1836. Population, 28,000. Rochelle (formerly Lane, named after Dr. Lane of Rockf ord) was first settled in 1853. Population, about 2,000. It has wide, well graded and paved streets, many fine business blocks, six churches, several good schools, one occupying a building that cost $10,000, and that accommodates 300 pupils. Considerable manufacturing is carried on. Coal is plenty and cheap. Its hotels are The Rochelle House, by D. J. Davis, and The Simpson, by A. Simpson. The CHICAGO & IOWA R'Y runs nearly northwest from Rochelle, and offers its merchants facilities for controlling the business of the county east of the ILLINOIS CENTRAL LINE. It is probably need- less to say that to reach Rochelle you should travel via the Chicago & North- Western Railway. Flags, 79 miles from Chicago, is an unimportant station % of a mile from Kite river, that offers fair fishing". On its banks quail and prairie chicken are found in large numbers. Flagg has one grain elevator. Ashton, 84 miles from Chicago. Crossing the county line we find this station in Lee county. This part of the county was the scene of many thrilling and interesting incidents connected with the " Black Hawk War," and here Nada-chusa-sed, as the Winnebago Indians called Col. John Dixon, acted the part of the f rieud and protector to Indian and white man many ye:irs before the city that now bears his name was thought of. In this vicinity are six large stone quarries, from which much fine building stone is being constantly shipped. The village has a population of 900, and has one good school, three churches, thirty-six business houses, and. two hotels The Acaerican House, kept by \V. B. Welton, and The Ashton House, by E. H. Stoddart, each accommodating 75 guests at $1.50 prr day. Franklin, 88 miles from Chicago. This station is located in, one of the most fertile portions of Lee county. Originally a naked prairie, it is now dotted all over with groves and belts of timber so that hardly a farm can be found that is not well supplied with wood grown on the ground. When first settled the only timber near was the grove from which the station takes its name. The village has 900 people, oue school with four teachers, three churches, one flour mill, and a manufactory of agricultural implements making a specialty of Emmert's seed drills. A. R. Whitney's mammoth fruit tree nursery and cider wine manufactory adjoin the village. The hotels are The Hughes House, by J. Hughes, 30 rooms, and The Franklin House, by Gideon Williams, 18 rooms, at $1 per day. Lee Center, 6 miles south, and Taylor, 6 miles north, are villages tributary to Franklin. Nachusa, 93 miles from Chicago. This village was named after one of the Indian names used to designate Col. John Dixon, (the word Nachusa /meaning " White Head "), who was the first white settler in the county. The population of this village numbers about 300. Grape vines are largely culti- vated in this vicinity. Col. Dysart (late of the 34th Illinois Infantry of the "War of the Rebellion") cultivates over 60 acres within half a mile of the station. White Mock, a popular picnic and fishing resort, is 4 miles north, and is much frequented by parties from all portions of the State. The rock is a noted landmark, rising as it does 60 feet above the surface of the water of Rock river, and above 'l"j,T surrounding prairie. Dixon, 98 miles from Chicago. Dixon is the county seat of Lee county. This county was orgariized in 1839, has 22 townships, and a popula- tion of over 32,000 souls. Col. John Dixon, wlic- yet lives (aged 91 years) in the suburbs of the ciiy that was named after him, was the first white settler, coming here in 1830, when the Indians held all this fertile valley. Col. Dixon found Ogee, a half-breed, occupying a log cabin on the river's bank at a point afterwards known as Dixou's Ferry, and now known as the city of Dixon. Buying this cabin, Col. Dixon made it his home, and here he brought -his wife in 1831. She was the first white woman who saw the Rock River Valley. The first house in the county was built in 1832. In 1835 a town was surveyed at Dixon's Ferry. In 1837 the county contained 13 families. In 1845 the river was dammed, and active milling operations began. Since that time the city of Dixon, with ite 6,000 people, and the county adjoining, shows what changes have taken place. Of all the counties in Illinois, few equal Lee in productiveness of soil, and none surpass it in beauty of surface and healthful- ness of climate. This western Eden, in the norther; portion of the Rock River Valley, has lost none < those attractions which famous writers have ^ beautifully delineated in both prose and poetr Forty years, it is true, have worked wonderf > Changes. Then it had been said that the countr bore the character of one that had been inhabited by a people skilled in all the ornamental arts of landscape gardening. Villages, castles, and inclos- 11 res only were wanting; everywhere were lawns, flowers and gardens, and stately parks, as if they had been scattered by the hand of art at equal intervals, with frequent deer and peaceful cattle, THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 13 yet all more suggestive of man than of nature. These lovely features still remain, and the herd have multiplied a thousand-fold. The villages have sprung up as it were in a day. The inclosures have been built, the stately thickets have grown to lux- uriant forests, and what was then a paradise to the eye has become the fruitful garden of the world. Only a few years have passed since " Black Hawk " made these beautiful regions romantic with mem- ories of Indian warfare, and gave to the " Kock River Valley " associations like those of " the dark and bloody ground " of Kentucky. But these events have almost passed out of recollection, and the traveler as he whirls over the country in a palatial car, is no longer pointed to the spot where the red man last struggled against the white usurper for the home of his fathers. The city of Dixon is built on both sides of Rock river, which is here crossed by two handsome bridges. Its fine water power is utilized by many large manufacturing interests, amongst which may be named a sash, blind and door factory employing 12 men. Dixon city mills with 4 men, foundry and efficient fire department, three newspapers, three large and fine school buildings and several smaller ones, and the Rock River University, a popular and growing college, with a full corps of thoroughly educated professors. The business portion of the city is built on the sides of hills sloping towards the river, with the residence portion on the higher hills beyond. It is one of the most sightly and enterprising cities in the West, and bids fair to attain very large proportions. Col. John Dement, who made a national reputation in the "Black Hawk War," still has his home here. In the vicinity of Dixon are many attractive re- Borts and much picturesque scenery, a portion of which we illustrate. A small steamer runs between Dixon and Grand De Tour, 12 miles, and passes en route many islands and picturesque points' of ' interest. Visitors to Dixon will be amply paid by taking a trip on the river and spending several days in its vicinity. The river provides ample fishing grounds, and the fisherman will be abun- dantly repaid by angling in its waters. Game abounds, the golden plover, upland plover, the Dixon, III. On the Rock River. machine shops with 16 men, Bennett, Thompson & Funk's mill with 12 men, Baker & Underwood 42 men, a flax and bagging factory 80 men, The Grand De Tour Plow Works 70 men, Vann & Mean's carriage factory, 15 men, Adams & Davis 20 men, a woolen mill 10 men, a wind mill and pump shop 12 men, and Orvis & Co. plow works 75 men. Over $600,000 are here invested in manufacturing estab- lishments,ODerating over 500 men; and paying out in wages over $20,000 monthly. Yet with all of these factories hi active operation, less than oae-sixth of the water power is used. Large quantities of 1 ime of a superior quality is made here. The city is well supplied with hotels, of which the following are the best The Nachusa House, by Major Cheney, for 150 guests; The Railroad House, by Person Cheney, with rooms for 100 guests, and a dining room that can seat ii ID passengers at the dining tables that are so largely patronized by the through passengers of the great California route, at least two through trains dining here daily; The City Hotel, by Ludwig Baker ; The Washington , by M . Remers ; and The Re- vere by Mr. Huntley. In the city are seven churches, two national banks, three public halls, the city and county bnilding, ample gas works, an active and English, or jack snipe and woodcock being espe- cially plentiful. At Dixon we cross the Northern Division of the ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD, and by this road passengers can reach Polo, Forreston, Lena, JVora, Warren, Galena and Dubuque and Mineral Point, Ualamlne and Plattville north, as well as Amboy, La Salle, Wenona, Minonk, El Paso, Normal, Bloomington, and other points south. For other connections, via ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD, see "Freeport." Nelson, 104 miles from Chicago. This station was opened in 1857, and is located one mile south of Rock River, on a rolling prairie. It has six schools, occupying school houses that cost $1,300 each; one church, but no saloons or liquor stores, as liquor is not allowed to be sold within one mile of the corpo- ration limits. The population number over 600, and draw their business and support from the rich farmers of the surrounding cenntry. Sterling, 110 miles from Chicago, is a flourishing city of 6,000 people, situate on the north bank of Rock river. The city Is lighted with gas, has water works, obtaining its supply from an artesian well, 1,655 feet deep, from which the water is thrown to 14 THE NORTH AXD WEST ILLUSTRATED. a height of 14 feet, ai)d in quantity large enough to supply the entire city ; many fine school houses, twelve churches, two banks, two newspapers, two reading rooms, one large public hall, an opera house, and many large manufacturing establish- ments. It has ample hotel accommodations. Five miles west of this station the ROCKFOKD, ROCK ISLAND & ST. Louis RAILROAD forms junction with the Chicago & North- Western Railway, and over our tracks runs its trains to our depot at Sterling. By this connection, Lyndon, Moline, Hock Island, and Davenport can be reached, as well as many towns south of Rock Island. Gait, 113 miles from Chicago. Population about 100. It has one school, with public hall in its upper story. Como, one mile south, on Elkhorn creek, population 300, and celebrated in "stage days" as location of best hotel in the State ; Umpire, one mile north ; Milledgemlle, 18 miles north ; Colela, 12 miles north, are tributary to this station, and me reached by tri-weekly stage lines. Fare to Coleta 50 cts., and to Milledgeville 75 cts. The in 1855, incorporated as a village in 1856, and as a city in 1809. It has a graded school, with eight teachers and 1,000 scholars, in a building that cost $25,000; seven first-class churches, several agricul- tural implement and carriage factories, four flour mills, and a public hall, fitted up with stage and scenery, costing $15,000, and capable of seating 800 persons. The city is supplied with water works, drawing full supply from artesian wells. Rock creek is three-quarters of a mile distant, and has good water power on it. B. C. Bailey & Sons keep The Revere House; can accommodate 100 guests, and charge $2 per day. Three other hotels also offer accommodations, at about $1 per day. Lyndon, 9 miles; Prophetslown, 11 miles; and Spring Hill, 18 miles distant, are reached by daily stage lines. Union Grove, 138 miles from Chicago, is the next station reached. It is eight miles from the Mississippi river, has a population of 100, and ships large quantity of grain, from a steam elevator, operated, at the depot, by E. O. Shenvin. Rock River University, Dlxon, III. page 13. country surrounding Gait is prairie rich, produc- tive, and all thickly i-ettled. Rock Island Junction, 115 miles from Chi- cago. At this point the ROCKFOKD, ROCK ISLAND & ST. Louis RAILWAY branches off, and runs south- wardly. (See Sterling.) Empire is 2> miles dis- tant on Elkhorn creek; it has flour mill*, a woolen factory, and one church. Round Grove, 119 miles from Chicago, is built on the prairie, 3) miles from Rock river, and has one school, one church, and one co-operative butter factory. At this point was erected the first saw- mill built in Whiteside county. Morrison, 119 miles from Chicago. This is the county seat of Whiteside county, which was or- ganized in 1839, and now has a population of over 35,000 souls. The county court house is a fine building, and cost $250,000 in 1864. The city has a population of 3,000. It was named after a Charles Morrison, of New York city ; was laid out Fulton Junction, 135 miles from Chicago. At this point we reach and cross the WESTERN UNION RAILROAD. By this connection we can reach Al- bany, Cordova, Port Syr on, Han r>ion, Moline and Eock Island, south, and Savanna, Mount Carroll, Lanark, and Shannon, north. All trains make close connections here at a union depot. Fulton, 136 miles from Chicago. This city, with a population of 2,500, is on the east bank of the Mis- sissippi river. Itis the seat oi 1 the Northern Illinois Cojlege, occupying buildings that cost $100,000, and having 125 students. The city is well built, on a commanding position on the bluffs ; has fine schools, with an average attendance of 500 scholars; five churches; and two saw-mills, making each 3,000,000 feet of lumber, and employing 60 men, yearly. The Junction House, by Mrs. R. S. Sayrc, has rooms for 75 guests ; The Union House, by F. Marceiius, accommodates 40, and The Revere, by T. C. Kilgorc, 65 persons, at $2 per diem. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN. RAILWAY. 15 ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI. One hundred and thirty-seven miles west of Chicago, we reach the Mississippi river, and cross it on a magnificent iron bridge, owned and used exclusively by this railway company. This was the second bridge that was completed across this river, and to-day stands unsurpassed for beauty, strength and permanency. Its length is 4,219 feet, and it has nine iron spans over west channel, and three iron spans and a "draw " over main channel. The original bridge was of wood, was built in 1865, and has since been rebuilt of iron, the American Bridge Co. building three spans and the draw, and the Detroit, Keystone and Phoenixville Bridge Companies each building two spans. Clinton, . 138 miles Irom Chicago. This city, with its 11,000 people, is located on the west bank of the Mississippi river, at the west end 9f the bridge. The Iowa Railroad Land Company owned the ground on which the city is built, and desiring to have a town built at the most easterly point of their possessions, in 1855 laid out the present city of Clinton. The company built a church, a school house, and u "tavern," and since then the entire city has grown up around that nucleus. No city in the country is more indebted to railroads than Clinton. It has been built up by the influence of this railway, and by the facil- ities it offered to trade. Few cities anywhere, and certainly none in Iowa, control as large Influence in the State as is done by this city. Its trade Is Im- mense, and is fast increasing, lumber and agricultural imple- ments being leading staples in the city's trade. Its manufac- turing interests are large. It has four banks, ten hotels, twelve churches, five ward schools, a high school, a fine masonic hall, an odd fellows' hall, a driving park, two public city parks, gas and water works, efficient fire and police departments, a fine turner hall, county court house, etc. Its streets are wide, well paved as a rule, and shaded with orna- mental trees. Within the city limits are fine stone quarries, giving excellent building stone. Its Clinton, Iowa From the .Bluffs. " Press " takes a leading position not only in the State but in adjoining Sta'es. Taken all in all, it will be difficult to nnd a more attractive, driving, thoroughly go-ahead city. The Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. have large repair and machine shops, and the office of the Superintendent of the Iowa Division here. THE CHICAGO, DUBUQUE & LA CROSSE LINE. It will be observed, by examining our maps, that we show a line to Dubuque and La Crosse, via Clinton. While the Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. does not own the line north of Clinton, yet we give to and receive from that line a large trade, and it forms the northern end of the line named above. It runs along the west bank the Mississippi river, and within a stone's throw of it most of the way. A more leasurable trip cannot be taken than one along this line in the summer season. Starl- ing northward from Clinton it passes through Lyons, Sabula, a thriving village of 16 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. 1,100 people; BeUevue, with 2,000 inhabitants; Dubuque, the northern "gate city'* 1 of Iowa, with its 22,000 people ; Specht's Ferry, with 1,000 population ; Buena Vista,. population 600; (near here a branch line runs westward, and passes through Elkport, with 1,200 people; Littleport, with 200 ; and Volga City, with 1,500; and through several smaller villages) ; Guttenberg, with 1,500 inhabitants; Clayton, with 1,100; Me Oregor and North McGregor, with 5,000 inhabitants, (connected with Prairie du Chien by bridge and ferry); Harper's Ferry, with 500; Lansing, with 3, 000 inhabitants; Brownville, with 700 people ; and to La Orosse (La Crescent), where a junction is formed with THE SOUTHERN MINNESOTA RAILROAD. By this connection we have access to and from the towns along that line. Beside pass- ing through smaller places, it runs through Hokah, with 950 ; Houston, with 1,000; Rushford, with 3,000; Lanesboro, with 1,500; Spring Valley, with 1,500; Ramsey, an important junction (the crossing of the MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY) ; Albert Lea, with 3,000; Alden, 800; Well*, with 1,500; Delavan, 900; an/1 to Winnebago, 170- miles west of La Crescent, with its 3,000 people. This line runs through the great wheat region of Minnesota, and transports nearly one-third of the entire wheat yield of the State. STILL WESTWARD. Returning to Clinton after our trip over the Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque, Chicago, Dubuque & Minnesota, and Southern Minnesota Railroads, or if we continued west- ward without having left the train at Clinton, we next reach Camanche, 143 miles from Chicago. The city of same name is one mile from the station, is on the west bank of the Mississippi river, and opposite the mouth of the Meredosia river, of Illinois. This T ast named river has large meadows or dry marshes (if they may be so named) extending for many miles along either bank, and furnishing the best dnck, geese, brant and crane shooting that can he found in the West. Thousands of these birds are shot here every season, and hundreds of sportsmen visit these grounds from all parts of the country. Camanche furnishes many of the "outfits" for these hunting parties. In this city of 1,000 people, are large steam saw mills, one flour mill, three churches, several good schools and The New Haven Hotel, kept by F. Anthony, who charges $ 2.00 per day. On the east bank of the Mississippi river are many Indian mounds. Ix>w Moor, 148 miles west of Chicago. This town, pop. 500, was laid out in 1858. It is 4 miles north of the Wapsipinicon river, a stream noted for its most excellent shooting. Ducks, geese, and brant abound on the river and in the bayous setting into it. Snipe, several varieties, woodcock, prairie chicken and quail are found in countless numbers along its banks. In the village is one wagon fac- tory, one church, one school house, and one hotel, by J. E. Mndgett, who charges $1.50 per day. Elvira, a village of 300 people, having one hotel and two churches, is 4 miles north, and is reached by mail stage three times weekly. Malone, 152 miles west of Chicago. De Witt, 157 miles west of Chicago, has a popula- tion of 2,500. It is well built, on a prairie sloping towards the south, and surrounded by groves ; 'has good graded schools, one occupying a building that cost $28,000, and that seats 600 pupils; aeon- vent and school of the " Sisters of the Sacred Heart " ; a town hall, costing $12,000; court house, costing $12,000; masonic and odd fellows' halls, cost- ing $5,000 each; one good newspaper, and several large manufacturing concerns, amongst which those of T. P. Bntterfield and A. B. Cnmmings employ 75 men each. The Gates House, by J. M. Gates, has 60 rooms, and charges $2 per day. Within two. miles of this station are five hominy mills, manu- facturing over 500 barrels of hominy per day. At this point we cross the Maqnoketa branch of the DAVENPORT & ST. PAUL RAILWAY, which line gives us connections for Long Grove, Eldridge and Dav- enport in the south, and Welton, Delmar and Maquokelain the north. AtWheatland we cross another branch of this road. Grand Mound, 163 miles west of Chicago. This village, of 250 people, is built on a high mound (hence its name), from whence the surrounding prairie can be seen for many miles in every direc- tion. It is in one of the best farming regions in the State. Wild land is selling for from $25 to $50 per acre. The village has one school, one church, and two fair hotels. Large shipments of hogs and cattle are made from this station. Calamus, 169 miles from Chicago. It has popu- lation of 500 ; was incorporated in 1875 ; has one church and one good school. The land surround ing the village is somewhat sandy, but is very pro- lific. Wheatland, 173 miles west of Chicago. This station, with population of 1,500, is near the Wapsi- pinicon river, and many sportsmen come here to- shoot ducks, geese, snipe and woodcock, and to- fish for the many varieties of fish with which the- THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 17 river is stocked. It has a fair hotel, The Wheat land House, by K. M. Tucker, accommodating 50 guests, at $2 per day. At this point we make con- nections with the DAVENPORT & ST. PAUL RAIL- WAT, for Toronto, Oxford Mills, Wyoming, Mon- ticello, Ilopkinton, Delhi, Delaware and Fayette in the north, and for Eldridge and Davenport in the south. The passenger trains make close connec- tions here. London, 178 miles from Chicago. Wo have now passed over into Cedar county, and are, by stage, 16 miles from Tipton, the county seat. (See Tip- ton.) Loudon has 900 inhabitants, and is one of the regular " dining stations" of this line. It is four miles from the " Wapsie " river, and is surrounded by fine stock and gra : n farms. It has two schools, three churches, one grain elevator, four public halls, and many good business houses. The Railroad House, by Raymond & Risley, is at the depot, and is very popular with the traveling public. The St. Cloud is a good hotel, by C. W. Hassett; charges, $1.50 per day. Hook, 10 miles south, and Masillon and Toronto, each five miles northwardly, are reached by stage. Clarence, 185 miles from Chicago, has a popu- lation of 1,000 persons, most of whom are from New England. The town is built on ground some- what elevated, and has wide, clean streets. It has one graded school, four churches, one flour mill, two hotels, several grain warehouses. Many fine horses are raised In the vicinity, and several Bos- ton, Mass., horse buyers, make thia their head- quarters. Stanwood, 190 miles from Chicago. This sta- tion was opened in 1869; the town laid out by Mai- ley & Preston, and named after H. P. Stanweod, the then Superintendent of the Iowa Division of this road. The village has a population of 400, and Is surrounded by most excellent farming and graz- ing land. It has a good school, four hotels The Hough ton House being the best; two churches, and a grain elevator. An artesian well, 112 feet deep, and throwing the water 60 feet In height, supplies the village with good pure water. Fine building stone is quarried a few miles off. At this point the STAN- WOOD & TIPTON RAILWAY (owned by this Com- pany,) branches off the main road and runs eight miles south-east to Tipton. Passenger trains run between Stanwood and Tipton, and connect with all the passenger trains of the main road. Walden, 194 miles from Chicago, is four miles south of Stanwood, on the Stanwood and Tipton branch. Is an unimportant stopping place. Tipton, 198 miles from Chicago, is at the south- ern terminus of the Stanwood & Tipton Railroad, and is the county seat of Cedar county. Cedar county was organized in 1837, in what was then part of the territory of Wisconsin. The early set- tlers were from Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Eng- land, and the county yet bears many marks of the enterprise and intelligence of these pioneers. The county has over 25,000 people, and last year sold over 3,000,000 bushels of corn, 700,000 of wheat, 700,000 of oats, 200,000 of barley, and 60,000 hogs. The court house, that cost $45,000, was built In 1860. The city of Tipton was laid out in 1840, and incorporated In 1857. It has 2,000 population, a fine city ball, that cost, in 1873, $20,000 ; several good schools, a ladies' seminary, The Fleming Hotel, by Mrs. C. Fleming, with 30 rooms, at $1 per day, and The City Hotel, by Miller, with 25 rooms, at $1 per day. W. H. Tuthill has i.i this town a private library containing over 5,000 volumes. Wilton, 15 miles south, and Rochester, 7 miles dis- tant, are reached, daily, by stage. Several rail- roads have been projected and graded through Tipton, but excepting the Stanwood & Tiptor Railway, none have been completed. The surface- of Cedar county is rolling, and is about evenly di- vided between prairie and timber. The Cedar river and several small tributaries run through the county, giving the citizens fine water power, and together with the fine grasses native in the county, render it one of the best dairy and stock counties- there is in the State of iowa. Mechanics-rule, 195 miles from Chicago. Re- turning to the main road again, we find this pleas- ant village of 1,500 people, built on a long ridge of elevated ground parallel with the railroad ; the main street, over one mile long, follows this ridge. Before the railroad was built, a village called Iroquois had been started here, and to-day many of the citizens " stick to " the old name. The fair grounds of the District Agricultural Society of Cedar, Jones, Linn and Johnston counties, are located here. The village has two schools, one- occupying a house that cost $15,000, four churches, twelve stores, three grain elevators, " The Pioneer " holding 30,000 bushels. The City Hotel, by H. T. Williams, has 30 rooms, and charges $2 per day. Cedar Bluffs, 10 miles south, and Gower^s Ferry, 7 miles north, are post villages tributary to and reached by stage from this station. A semi-weekly stage also runs to Iowa City. Lisbon, 202 miles west of Chicago, is a village in Linn county, of 900 people, built in the centre of a rich and thickly settled prairie, where land is selling from $40 to $75 per acre. The village is half a mile from station, which is reached by plank road and wooden sidewalks. It has one school, with five teachers, five churches, one public hall, several brick blocks, one of which is owned and occupied by the First National bank, and which would be called a fine building even in Chicago, and an agri- cultural implement factory, making Kynes' Corn Planter a cpecialty. The City, Clifton and Railroad are the principal hotels. At this station the railroad company have constantly stored about 10,000 tons of coal. Mount Vernon, 203 miles from Chicago. This village has a resident population of 1,200 people. It is built on ground elevated above the railway some 80 feet, and being in the best wooded portion of Iowa, enjoys immunity from the bleak winds and storms that afflict many other neighborhoods. It has two churches, a large woolen factory, and several good schools, but the "lion " and pride of the town and vicinity is "The Cornell College," (see cut), which was named after W. W. Cornell, of New York City. The college buildings are built in the centre of a tract of 30 acres,of which one-fourth is forest ; from the roof of the buildings the adjoining country for 30 or 40 miles around can be seen with* its towns and villages. The college has 20 profea- 18 THE NOUTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. sore and over 500 students ; the buildings are bc'ng enlarged to accommodate 1,000 pupils. It lias a military department, presided over by a regular army officer, detailed by the War Department for this purpose. The United States has furnished arms for the students, and a battery of artillery for drill. The chapel was built by the Iowa Methodist Conference when the institution was called "The Iowa Conference Seminary." Bertram, 210 miles from Chicago, is a village of 200 people; it is built on nearly level prairie, but is surrounded by high and somewhat broken ground. It has one school, one church, and a saw and flour mill. Itnocds a grain buyer. TheAmeri- can House, by H. A. Berry, with 10 rooms, at $1 per day, accommodates the transient guests. Linn County. We have, since we passed I/s- The Chapel, Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. bon, been in Linn county. It was organized in 1837, when Iowa was yet a portion of Wisconsin Territory, and was named after U. S. Senator Lewis Linn, of Missouri. The county seat is at Marion, Smiles northwest of Cedar Rapids. Population in 1875, 37,000. The county contains 460,000 acres of land, of which 195,000 acres wi re covered with heavy oak, walnut, maple, and other hard timber. 240,000 acres in the county are cultivated, and last year produced 5,250, 'CO bushels of grain. Linn county wi celebrated in ' Indian days," and many legends are told about it. Of these one in regard to the Rapids, now Cedar Rap'ds City, has been preserved in verse as follow s: LEGEND OP THE CEDAR RAPIDS. There's a legend from of old, Indian prophesy 'tis called Whence it cxme or where 'twas told, Age or race does not unfold. Born upon the pregnant, breeze, Growing'in the blissful air, Breathed in every breath with ease, Mortals thus inhaled it there. ' In the fulness of time with wines shall come, ' An angel race from ihe rising MI ; ' Myriad in number, i:ke lieht in their thought. 'Time shall not end till their destiny's wrought, ' And peace and prosperity with theni thai I reign." This sachems, chiefs, their peoples taught, As yearly to this quiet ford, Each annual pilgrimage, They brought Their tribes, to spui-d their festiv al. A joyous thought to every will, To mark the spot, the link to hold, From the pure stream each took a shell, As on the shore their mound will tell. The county is well watered, having many streams running through it. Cedar Rapids. 219 miles west of Chicago. This city, one of the most important in the State, is built on both sides of Ced:ir river, and bids fair to become the great manufac- turing city of the State. The city is the mo^t extensive railroad centre in the State. The adjoining county is fertile and well scaled. The town site was located at the h ad of the rapids on the Cedar river in 183S; a town laid out in 1842; incorporated as a city in J856, (in those days it w.is the head of steamboat navigation on the Cedar, and then steamboats ran up as far as Cedar Falls, 65 miles north). In 1869 a permanent water power, with first-class dam, was com- pleted, at an expense of $50,000. The power is equal to 1,200 horse power, of which onlv 300 horse power is used. This town hns had a rapid growth since 1869 ; the cen- sus in 1873 gave 4,OS9; in 1875, 7,430; and to-day it is over 8,000. It is essentially a m inufacturing town. Many establishments i:re already in successful operation, the lead- ing ones being pork packing houses, wagon factoiies, oat-meal mills, linseed oil mills, steam cracker factory, agricultural imple- ment manufactories, woolen and knitting mills, flour mills, organ factory, breweries, and one railroad (Burlington, Cedar Knpids & Minesota) machine shop, which is perma- nently located here, and for which the city donated $60,000. It has four grain eleva- tors, two manufacturing printing houses, and many smaller manufactories. Its wholesale bufincss is so extensive that eighty traveling agents are constantly employed in looking after its interest. The following corporations have their headquarters here : Iowa Railroad Land Company, has 1.200,000 acres of laud for sale in Iowa, much of it on the line of this railway; The Blair Town Lot and Land Co., The Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R. Co., Iowa Falls & Sioux City R. R. Co., Sioux City & Pacific R'y, Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley R. R. Co., Sioux City and Iowa Falls Land and Town Lot Co., Elkhorn Land nnd Town Lot Co., MoingonaCoal Co., and The Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Min- THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 19 nesota R'y Co. Of banking and insurance com- panies, there are The First National Bank, with 4100,000 capital; The City National Bank, $100,000; The Union Bank, with $325,000; aud The Farmers' Insurance Co.. with $125,000. There are twelve churches, with buildings that cost $189,000, and colleges and schools, with buildings costing $180,000. It has gas works, costing $50,000 ; water works, costing $75,000; three iron bridges across Cedar river, that runs through the city, costing $103,000; post office, built in 1874, costing $20,000; city hall and engine house, costing, in 1869, $15,000; an opera house, costing $20,000; and fire department appa- ratus, consisting in part of one steam, one Bab- cock and two hand fire engines, etc., costing $15,000. The total debt of the city is only $37,000. In hotels, the city is represented by The Pullman House, Brown's Hotel, The Centennial House and The Valley House; their charges range from $1.50 to $2.50 per diem. The city is well built, has fine brick blocks, wide, well-paved streets, flue resi- dences, a public library, masonic and odd fellows' halls, and a daily and four weekly newspapers. We form a junction here with the DUBUQUB SOUTH- WESTERN RAILWAY, which runs northeast to Far- ley, on the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central. By this connection we are enabled to reach Marion, Springville, Viola, Monticello, Farley tai&Dtibuque, and to this point passengers from the West should come when going Into Northern Iowa and Southern Central Minnesota. Here, also, we cross the line of the BCRLINGTON, CEDAR RAPIDS & MINNESOTA RAILWAY, over which route our passengers and freight for Shellsburg, Vinton, La Porte, Waterloo, Ctdar Falls, Shell Bock, Clarksville, Rockfield, la., Nora Junction, and Austin, Minn., find through trains and clo-e connections. Traffic for Linn, Independence, West Union, Clermont and Postville is also sent over the Postville branch of this road. West Rapids, is one mile west of Cedar Rapid*. Passenger trains do not stop. Fairfax, 228 miles from Chicago. The corpo- rate name of the village, population 200, is Vander- bilt. It has one school and three churches. Norway, 234 miles west of Chicago. Passing -out of Linn we enter Benton county, and reach this station, which has a population of 400, and one flour mill, one school and three churches. The village was platted and named (after the native country of the founder, ) In 1863. The surrounding county affords fine prairie chicken shooting. Watkins, 239 miles west of Chicago, was named after the lamented John B. Watkins, who was killed while in the line of his duty as Superintendent of this "The Iowa Division" of the C. & N.-W. Ry. The village was laid out in 1873, has 100 population, two grain elevators, and a large trade with the sur- rounding country. Prairie creek runs past station. Blairstown, 244 miles west of Chicago. This town of 1,500 people is in Benton county, which was organized in 1840, and now has over 40,000 pop- ulation. The county is nearly evenly divided between prairie and timber, is well watered, and has a produc ive and rich soil. It is a fine grain and stock county, nnd is rapidly growing rich. The station was named after John I. Blair, of New Jersey, who was largely interested in building the railroad through this county. The village was incorporated in 1869, and has good schools, a female seminary, four steam grain elevators, one flour mill, four churches, and The State Blind Asylum. The Pennsylvania House, by H. & L. Gunct, is the best hotel. Vinton, the county seat, is 20 miles dis- tant. Small game is plentiful around Bl lirctown, and in Cedar river and in Prair e creek pike and bass weighing 2 to 25 Ibs. are caught. Luzerne, 249 miles from Chicago. Belle Plaine, 254 miles west of Chicago, is 25 miles by daily stage from Vinton, and l'/i miles from the Iowa river and from Salt creek, both streams being "full of fish." Dysart, 29 miles north, is reached \\^Yaltham semi-weekly by stage, fare $1.50, and Victor, 12 miles south, is reached tri-weekly by stage, fare 50 cts. The town has a population of 2,100, and three schools, three churches, one public hall, a repair and other shops belonging to this railroad, a masonic hall, for meet- ings of lodge, chapter and commandery, an odd fellows' hall, two newspapers, flour mills, grain elevators, and many handsome business blocks. The hotels are The Sherman Housi'. by J. F. Dunn, The Tremont, by White, The Union, by Mrs. Neagle, and The German, by F. Krabbeuholft, with prices ranging from $1.00 to $2.00 per day. In the forests surrounding the village deer and wild tur- keys are found, and on the prairie, chickens, quail, woodcock, snipe, and other game birds abound. Duck, geese and brant are found in all the streams, sloughs and bayous in fact, this is the centre of the game region of Iowa. Vinton, though not a station on our line, yet is so plainly tributary to it that we feel that we should say that it is the county Heist of Benton county, has 3,500 population, county conrt house, jail and otherpublic buildings, several fine schools, churches, public halls, masonic lodges, chapter, commandery, and similar bodies of odd fel- lows, etc. This city is best reached via Cedar Rapids, from which point a line of railroad runs direct. Chelsea, 260 miles from Chicago. We now come to Tama county, (sco Toledo.) Chelsea has 300 population, one fair hotel, one grain elevator, P. A. Boomer & Co.'s manufactory of wooden measures, cheese boxes, etc., and two steam saw- mills. It is 1 mile north of the Iowa river. Otter creek runs through the north part of the village. Haven, 6 miles southwest, and Helena, 5 miles south, are tributary to this station. Tama, 270 miles from Chicago, is built on the north bank of the Iowa river. "Fine building stone, plenty of timber, and good brick clay are found close to the town, thus giving facilities for building cheaply. The town has 2,000 people, one school occupying a house that cost $25,000, two churches, four bank,s, and several large business blocks. Three and a half miles from the city The Tama Hydraulic Co. have spent $100,000 in damming and otherwise utilizing the waters of Iowa river, and ha"e developed what is said to be the best water power in the State. By canal and an expensive aqueduct the water is carried into the suburbs of Tama, where it is deposited in an artificial reservoir covering over 50 acres. A fall of 20 feet is thus secured, and produces over 1,200 horse power. Several manufacturing establishments, such as plow works, flour mills, furniture factories, pump facto- ries,etc.,are already in operation rn this water power. 20 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. THE TOLEDO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY Starts from Tama, and runs three miles northwest to the county seat, TOLEDO, 27$ miles from Chicago, which is reached only by this route. This road was built in 1871, by local aid mostly. W. F. Johnson, is Pres., L. Clark, Vice-Pres., C. C. Whit- ten, Gen. Agent, and D. D. Applegate, Treas. Tama county is well watered by Iowa river, Wolf creek, and other streams of pure spring water. It was organized in 1852, and now has 18,000 population. The county is underlaid with magnesian limestone nd Oolite marble, that are worked to a considerable extent. The marble is suscep- tible of a high polish, and will be a source of wealth to the county in the future. Much of the laud of the county is prairie, and has a deep, rich and lasting soil. In the northern part of the county is an Indian reservation, on which is a family of the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians (here called Mas-qua-kees.) ' They number about 400 souls, and each receives annually $35 in money from the United States ; a' farmer is also employed by the Government. They and their farm and farmer are uncer the charge of T. S. Free. Toledo has a court house costing $30,000, jail, $10,000, six public schools, eight churciies, three banks, two newspapers, and a goodly num- ber of business houses. Traer is 20 miles distant, and can be reached tri-weekly by stage; fare $1.50. Returning again to the main line and passing westward, we reach. Montour, 278 miles from Chicago. !Le Grand, 280 miles from Chicago, is built on elevated prairie, 1>4 miles west of the itation, the station being in Tama county, and the village in Marshall courty. The village has a population of 400 souls, many of whom are Friends (Quakers), and here they have a meeting house and a " Friends Academy." The Christian Church has also an educational institution at this point Both occupy fine buildings, which are located on elevated and commanding ground. Quarry, 283 miles west of Chicago. This vil- lage, with 800 people, is in Marshall county, and is noted for its fine building stone, that is here quar- ried constantly by over 100 men. In fact, the stone interest is about all there is here. The Quarry City Hotel, is kept by J. M. Jones, and entertains guests at $2 per day. Spring Creek, 13 miles north, finds its markets here. Marshalltown, 289 miles from Chicago. This is the county seat of Marshall county, which was organized in 1849, and has 21,000 population. The county is well watered by the Iowa, Linn, Timber, Minerva and Wolf rivers, and along all these streams are found large bodies of heavy timber. Coal is found in Bangor township, but as yet is not largely . mined. The city is handsomely built, contains 5.500 people, is incorporated, has gas works, three large brick school houses, seven churches, two flour mills, a chair factory, a linseed oil mill, a steam printing office, and two banks. The Boardman, Williard, Bowler, City, Central, and American hotels together can accommodate 500 gnests. Their rates varyfrom$lto$2.50perday. Grundy Centre, 21 miles north, and Newton, 30 miles south, can be reached, weekly, by stage; fare to the first, $1.50, and to the last, $2.00. THE CENTRAL RAILROAD OF IOWA. At this point we cross THE CENTRAL RAILROAD OP IOWA, and it gives us direct connections for Liscomb, Union, Eldora, Steamboat Rock, AcJdey, Hampton, Mason City and North Wood, north of Marshalltown, and Orinnell, New SJuiron, Oskaloosa^ Eddyville, Otturmca, Albia, etc., in the south. Passengers for any of the points here named should procure their tickets by the Chicago & North- Western Railway and the Central Railroad of Iowa, but failing to be able to procure through tickets, they should buy to Marshalltown, via C. & N.-W. Ry., and here they can buy tickets to their destinations. < LA Moille, 296 miles from Chicago. State Centre, 303 miles west of Chicago. A pleasant village of 1,000 people, built on the prai- rie. It has good schools, a growing trade with the surrounding county, and bids fair to be an impor- tant inland town. Ellenmlle is 7 miles distant, and reached by stage. All kinds of feathered game abound in this vicinity. Colo, 311 miles from Chicago. Nevada, 318 miles west of Chicago. This is the county seat of Story county, and has a population of 1,500 persons. Story county is in the geographi- cal centre of the State; it was organized in 1853, and Nevada made the colinty seat in the same year. The first white settler located in 18JS. The surface of county is undulating, the northern and central portions being prairie, and the southern heavily timbered. Coal is found in considerable beds. THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. 21 but is not much mined. Nevada has one bank with $75,000 capital, one flour mill, two grain eleva- tors, a foundry, cheese factory, three churches, a echool house that cost $17,000, and two newspapers. Three fair hotels accommodate transient gnests The Warring, Welton and Central, at $2 per day. Iowa, Centre, 12 miles, Cambridge, 15 miles, Story City, 18 miles, and Holland, 18 miles off, are reached by stages twice weekly. Ames, 826 miles from Chicago, pop. 1,500. One mile distant, is the seat of the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm, situate in centre of 648 acres of land that were purchased for this purpose, It has a full corps of teachers, and Is in a flourishing condition. Running south from Ames 97 miles, is THE DES MOINES r 50 years been noted all over the Missouri Valley as being one of the most beautiful and pro- ductive valleys to be found in any country. Its black, rich soil is from four to sixteen feet deep, and is, apparently, inex- haustible in all the elements needed for the growth of all the grains and grasses. Den- mson is the county seat of Crawford county, baa about s{,000 people.is growing rapidly, and is destined at no distant day to be a large city. It draws its trade from many miles north and south, for in neither direction is there a railroad for fully 60 miles. It has one good hotel, The Commercial. Dowville, 433 miles from Chicago. At Dennison the road curves southward, and from there to the Missouri river opposite Omaha, follows nearly .& southwest course. The village of Dowville is new, and has about 200 inhabitants.' It has a good school, with four religious sects worshiping in it on alternate Sundays, one flour mill, one grain elevator and two hotels The Dowville House, by John Rounds, and The Wiggins House, by M. G. Wiggins; they charge $1.2.5 per day for meals and lodging. The village is on the main Boyer river, and above all danger from overflow. Here the soil is of unu- sual fertility; seventy bushels of corn to the acre being a not uncommon crop. On the farm of S. K. Dow, which adjoins the village, in the fall of 1875, 30,000 bust els of corn were harve< ted from 400 acres. Dunlap, 441 miles from Chicago. This town, of 800 people, is in Harrison county, which was organ- ized in 1854, and has now about 13,000 population. The village was laid out in 1869, and named after George L. Dunlap, the then General Superintendent of the Chicago & North- Western K'y. The Boyer river is half a mile west of the village. A most excellent eating bouse is kept by Mrs. Pierce at the station. This house has become celebrated for its excellent meals all over the Great West, and not a few through passengers are attracted to this line- by the fame of this dining station. Costana is a post village, 18 miles west, reached by stage. Woodbine, 451 miles from Chicago, is a village of 300 people situate on the edge of the great " Missouri Bottoms," as the wide valley of the Missouri river ia familiarly called. Sioux Falls. near Sioux Falls City, Dakota page 24. Logan, 459 miles from Chicngo, is a flourishing village of 400 people, surrounded by rich valley prairie land. Missouri Valley Junction, 467 miles from Chicago. The place was formerly known as St. Johns, and was for a season the terminus of the road. It is of considerable importance by reason of its being the southeastern terminus of the Sioux City & Pacific Railroad. THE SIOUX CITY & PACIFIC RAILROAD. _ This railway starts from Missouri Valley Junction, and runs north to Sioux City, miles, and has a branch from California Junction to Fremont, on the Union Pacific Railroad, 47 miles west of Omaha, and another branch running from Fremont north- THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. west to Wisner. This line of railway forms the western link in our Sioux CITY & YANKTON LINE. Over this line Mondamin, River Sioux, Onawa, Sloan, Sargent's Bluffs, and Sioux City, in Iowa; Blair, Fremont, West Point, Wisner, and other points in Nebraska, and, by its connection with the DAKOTA SOUTHERN RAILROAD, Elk Point, Vermillion and Yankton, are reached direct. California Junction, 6 miles from Missouri Valley. A village of 200 people, surrounded by a flue farming country. Modale, 11 miles from Missouri Valley, pop. 100. Has one hotel, one school house, and one church. Mondamin, 17 miles from Missouri Valley, has a population of 200, one school, one hotel, one church, and several good business houses. River Sioux, 24 miles from Missouri Valley. The village Little Sioux is iy miles from the sta- tion, and has a population of 300. Tekamah and Argona are on the opposite side of the river, and distant 3 miles by ferry and stage. Game abounds in this vicinity, deer being especially plentiful. This station was the first one opened (Oct. 1, 1867) on the Sioux City & Pacific R. R. Blencoe, 32 miles from Missouri Valley, is a non-important station. Onawa, 39 miles from Missouri Valley, is the county seat of Monona county, which was organized in 1854, and has a population of 6,000. A large proportion of the count}- is valley land, upwards of 165,000 acres being in the valley of the Missouri river. The eastern portion of the county, a high rolling prairie, is well waterecl- and drained by the Maple and Soldier rivers, anu 'by Willow creek, which are bordered jy large bodies of timber. Onawa has a population of 900, and has one good school occupying a brick building which cost $25,000, three churches, two newspapers, and two hotels The Western, by T. C. Walton, and The Onawa, by D. J. Rockwell charges $2 per day. A stage leaves daily for Decatur, Neb., distant 12 miles, fare $1.50; and tri-weekly for Castana, Mapleton, Smithland, and Ida Grove, Iowa. Whiting, 47 miles from Missouri Valley. This is an .unimportant station, and was named after S. C. Whiting, the first settler in this county. Sloan, 55 miles from Missouri Valley, is in Woodbury county, one mile south of the county fine; population 100; it has one school house and one hotel. The su rronnding country is valley land, with an unusually de.ep and productive soil, Game is plentiful; prairie chickens, ducks, geese and quail are found at all seasons of the year. Deer are also found in considerable numbers. Smith- land is on the Little Sioux river, 16 miles east. Oto is 20 miles east. Farming lands in this vicinity can be purchased from $5 to $12 per acre. The reservations of the Omaha and Winnebago Indians are in Nebraska, opposite Sloan. The Indians at these reservations number about 3,500. Salix, 61 miles from Missouri Valley, is an unim- portant station, established in 1865. Sargent' s Bl ufl's, 68 miles from Missouri Valley, is 1# miles from Missouri river ; population, 300; it has two brick school houses, two churches and one hotel The City, by J. A. Risley. The village is located on a bluff, and overlooks the surrounding country from 30 to 50 miles. Sioux City, 75 miles from Missouri Valley, ia the county seat of Woodbury county, which was organized in 1851 under the name of Wahkaw, which was changed to Woodbury in 1853. Popula- tion is 9,000. This county is well watered and drained by the Missouri, Big Sioux, Floyd. Little Sioux and Maple rivers. The streams abound with fish; and deer, turkeys, geese, ducks, quail and prairie chickens are abundant. The lona volcano, in Dixon county. Neb., is 25 miles distant, and ia reached by stage. Sioux Falls, on the Big Sioux river, 80 miles north of Sioux City, and the famous pipestone quarries, are well worthy of a vint. Sioux City, with a population of 6,500, is pleasantly situ- ated on the Missouri river, immediately above the mouth of the Floyd, and two miles below the mouth of the Big Sioux. There are ten organized churches, two school buildings, costing $60,000, and three less expensive buildings, in which are employed upwards of 20 teachers. Its hotels are The Hubbard, St. Elmo and Depot, which can ac- commodate 300 guests, at $2 per day. The Academy of Music, a fine brick building, will seat 1,000 per- sons, and cost $45,000 . Three newspapers are pub- lished here, and from this point stage lines are run daily through Comngton, Dakota City, the Winne- bago and Omaha Indian agencies, Decatur, Teka- mah. to Herman. Neb., and semi-weekly for Cor- rectionville, Portlandville, and Sioux Falls City. THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN RAILROAD. The Dakota Southern Railroad starts from Sioux City, Iowa, and enters the Terri- tory of Dakota at the extreme southeast corner, and runs through the flourishing counties of Union, Clay and Yankton to the city of Yankton, the capital of Dakota, where it connects with the Missouri River Transportation Co.'s line of steamers for the Upper Missouri. The Dakota Southern, in connection with this line of steamers, runs nearly diagonally through the territory to Fort Benton, Montana, and has opened to settlement a large part of the best country both in Dakota and Northern Nebraska. This steamboat line furnishes an outlet to the Yellowstone and Upper Missouri. One of the shortest and best routes to the New Gold. Fields of the Black Hills is by the THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 25 Dakota Southern Railroad to Yankton, the present terminus; thence by steamer up the Missouri river. Elk Point is 21 miles from Sioux City, is the county seat of Union county, and has 1,500 population. Vermillion is 84 miles from Sioux City, is the county seat of Clay county, has 1,600 population, and is an important stage point. Yankton, the capital of this Territory and its largest town, is commandingly situated on the east bank of the Missouri river at the western terminus of the Dakota Southern R. R., and the starting point of all steamers for the Upper Missouri, Yellowstone and Black Hills. It is now the chief commercial center for Dakota, and is destined to be the chief commercial and railroad center for the whole vast region of Northern Nebraska, Dakota, and the rich mineral district of the Black Hills. It already ships 1,500,000 bushels of wheat, which is increasing fifty per cent, annually. It has an immense stretch of country tributary to it north, south and west, and owing to its rapid settlement, nearly all the immigration first coming to Yankton thence radiating from it in all directions, it offers superior inducements to all kinds of business. Popula- tion, 3,700. Passengers destined for any of these points should buy their tickets to Sioux City by the Chicago & North- Western Railway. At Sioux City they can buy tickets to Sioux Falls City, Elk Point, Vermillion, Yankton, or the country tributary. THE Sioux CITY & PEMBINA RAILROAD. From Davis Junction, a few miles west of Sioux City, and on the Dakota Southern Railway, a line of railroad is being built northward. It is now finished to Portland- mile, 30 miles northwest of Sioux City and on the west side of the Big Sioux river, and is being pushed towards Pembina, in the northeastern corner of the Territory. It will run through Sioux Falls City and the Mennonite settlements up the river. A daily line of stages, owned by C. H. Howard, runs from Portlandville to Sioux Falls City. The Chicago and North-Western Railway, in its Chicago offices, sells through tickets to Portlandville and Sioux Falls City by this route. The Sioux Falls are beautifully situated on the Big Sioux river, dividing Iowa and Dakota Territory, and are celebrated for their romantic scenery, peculiar rocky formation, and furnishing as well one of the finest water powers in the country, hav- ing a fall of 100 feet. Sioux Falls City is located at the Falls, and is the centre of one of the finest agri- cultural districts in the West, the crop of 1875 being absolutely unequaled in any part of the United States, and it caused the projection of the Sioux City & Pembina Railroad named above, (leased by the Dakota Southern Railway,) which runs into the very heart of this vast grain producing country, and is found to be a very valuable feeder. It is the favorite summer resort in this part of the country, the river affording excellent fishing and the surrounding country fine shooting, besides magnificent scenery. Here is found the celebrated red pipestone quarry, held in almost religious veneration by the Indians. Indians of all tribes and from all quarters of the conti- nent here congregate on what is considered neutral ground, and procure material for carving out their truly artistic pipes; the marble is bright red, and is capable of a high degree of polish. There are good hotels in Sioux Falls City, also two newspapers, churches, public schools, and all the advantages that can be desired for absolute settlers or visitors on business or pleasure. 26 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. DAKOTA. The Territory of Dakota lies between the 42d and 49th degrees of north latitude, and between the 19th and 27th degrees west from Washington, ex- tending 400 miles in length from Nebraska, on the south, to British Columbia, on the north; and stretches from east to west nearly 700 miles from the western borders of Minnesota and Iowa on the east, to Wyoming and Montana territories on the west. It embraces an area of 150,000 square miles or 90,000,000 acres. It is as large as the empire of France, and twice as large as England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales combined. Of this vast terri- Table Rock, Sioux Falls, Dakota tory only the southeastern border is now occupied. A population of 30,000 white inhabitants occupy scarcely two per cent, of its acres; and under the wise provision of the Government, which secures for the head of every household a free farm of 160 acres, there are yet remaining homes for nearly a million families. Dakota possesses some of the grandest natural scenery upon the American Con- tinent. The Missouri river crosses the territory from east to west diagonally; the Big Sioux, the Vermillion, the James, the Yellowstone and Red River of the North flow within its borders, while along their banks grow majestic forests, which add health, wealth and beauty to the land. The Black Hills loom up gigantically to the westward of the Mis- souri, bearing on their slopes and summits immense forests of pine and cedar, and in their bowels inex- haustible quantities of the useful and precious minerals; while the Yellowstone region abounds in natural scenery which combines the grandeur of the Alps with the quiet, fairy-like scenery of Killarney. But Dakota possesses some- thing more of which her people are prouder than of all that has been enumerated; she has bound- less prairies awaiting the hand of the immigrant, a soil rich and productive, and a climate unri- valed by that of any Northern State. To these, reader, you are invited to come. Dakota, with its vast and vari- ous undeveloped resources, pre- sents as promising fields for the investment of capital as any country in the world. Its clear and rapid streams seem expressly calculated by nature for the operations of milling, mining and manufacturing. Its bound- less prairies promise a remarkable return to the stock-raiser and farmer. Its rich soil yields an. abundant harvest to the husband- man, and its gay and growing towns and villages afford a good trade to merchants, and profita- ble employment to mechanics. Here w give a list of the prin- cipal towns in Southern Dakota : Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county, pop. 1,000, location Big Sioux Valley; Yankton, Yankton coun- ty, pop. 3,700, location Terminus D. S. R. R. ; Vermillion, Clay county, pop. 2,000, location D. S. R. R.; Elk Point, Union county, pop. 1,600, location D. S. R. R. ; page 25. Meckling, Union county, pop. 300, location D. S. R. R. ; Gayville, Yankton county, pop. 500, location D. S. R. R. ; Springfield, Bon- homme county, pop. 600, location Missouri Valley; Canton, Lincoln county, pop. 400, location Big Sioux Valley. In addition to these, there are a score of new villages, whose populations range from 50 to 300 in- habitants. Among the latter is Rockport, on the James (or Dakota) river, lately established by the Army and Navy Colony of Chicago, which is pro- gressing finely. DAKOTA'S AGRICULTURAL WEALTH. Statistical Information is yet so imperfect con- cerning the agricultural productions of Dakota, that we are forced to select a few of the oldest settled counties for example, and ns a basis of cal- culation, in figuring on the territory's agricultural wealth. We take, therefore, for example, the THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 27 counties of Union, Clay and Yankton, through which the Dakota Southern Railroad runs. Union county, which is the most southerly in the territory, contains 540 square miles of land, one-half of which is bottom land lying in the valleys of the Missouri and Sioux rivers. In this county the soil is a dark loam, and varies in depth from two to seven feet. It is pre-eminently the great corn raising county of the territory, contains a population of 4,500 inhabit- ants, and is bountifully supplied with water and timber It is not uncommon to see corn grow from ten to twelve feet high, and to yield as much as eighty bushels per acre, in this county. Its total tax- ation for 1814, according to authority of the Register of Deeds, amounts to thirteen mills upon the dol- lar. Seven years ago many men located upon free lands in this county without a hundred dollars cap- ital, whose farms with improvements to-day are worth $10,000. To every poor agriculturist in the East we ofl'er the friendly advice, " Go thou and do likewise." The actual value of real and personal property in Union county is estimated at $2,500,000. Clay couuty, which adjoins Union on the west, contains, according to official returns, a population of 4,402. It is the model wheat raising county of the tenitory, and at an average yield will produce more than a million bushels of wheat in 1876. Land which the Government gave to settlers free five years ago is now worth $20 an acre. It contains 396 square miles of land, and is bountifully watered and timbered. Taxation here amounts to one per cent. Yanktou couuty, which contains Yunkton city, the capital of Dakota, the most important town of the territory, and the seat of government, is in the third tier of counties west from Iowa. Its soil, surface and agricultural productions are like those of Union and Clay counties. It is watered by the Missouri and James rivers, and rnuny minor streams, along whose banks grow beautiful groves of cottonwood and hardwood timber. Within the last year its population and wealth have so increased that it now ranks as the foremost county of the territory in these particu'ars. Comparatively little of its land Is cultivated, scarcely ten per cent., yet the Yankton Press estimates that it will produce a million bushels of wheat in 1876. Taxa- tion in this county ranges from eleven to thirteen and a half mills upon the dollar. These counties, as we have said, are cited as ex- amples. Their soil, climate and natural advan- tages generally are no better than those of other counties, and the Government offers, free, to those who desire to take it, farming land, within a short distance of the line of this road, as productive, and in every way as good as any lands in the West. It is asserted without fear of successful contra- diction that the best Government lands remaining unclaimed, land equal for soil, and in producing capacity to the richest valleys of New York or the choicest prairies of Illinois, lie in Dakota Territory, within easy distance of the Dakota Southern Rail- road. Every variety of crop grown in any Northern State will yield abundantly here, and 160 acres of this land may be had for the taking of it. How TO OBTAIN A FJIEE FARM IN DAKOTA. Many good men, deeply anxious to better their condition by emigrating to a new country, and taking free farms on Government lands, are de- terred from so doing through ignorance of the way in which a farm is secured. The occupation of Government land is simple and easy. For exam- ple, a resident of Illinois desires to obtain a farm of 160 acres in Dakota. Let him come to Sioux City, Iowa, vii the Chicago & North- Western Railway, and then take the cars of the Dakota Southern Ruilroad for Yankton, the seat of the land office for the most southerly land district in the territory, and there he will be supplied with maps or plats, which will guide him to the unoccu- pied claims. After selecting the 160 acres most suitable to him, he returns to the land office, pays a fee of $14, and then returns for his family to the East, if, indeed his family is not along with him. The officers of the Government will cheerfully sup- ply all desired information ) elative to the taking of free land. U. S. Land Offices are situated at three convenient points in the territory, and to gain any desired information it is only necessary to address these offices respectively as follows : Hon. G. H. Hand, Register, U. S. Land Office, Yankton, D. T. ; L. D. F. Poore, Register, U. S. Land Office, Spring- field, D. T.; Col. B. F. Campbell, Register, U. S. Land Office, Sioux Falls, D. T. THE MENNONITES. In 1873, a class of immigrants hitherto unheard of in the United States, settled in Dakota in large numbers, and continue to come, from week to week, and from day to day. By the accident of birth they are nominally Russians, but in blood, spirit and religion they are Germans. These immi- grants are composed of two classes, Russian pro- testantsand Mennonites, the latter class forming a majority of the new comers. The Mennonites (so called from Simon Menno, a German, who founded their sect,) settled in Russia in the reign of Catherine II. To them was made a solemn and binding promise and agreement, that on con- dition of their settling upon Russian territory, they and their heirs should for all time enjoy absolute freedom in the exercise of their religious faith, and in accordance with the teachings of their religion and the dictates of their consciences, they were absolved from the duty of bearing arms for the state, and were granted certain municipal privileges not enjoyed by Russian citizens. During the reign of the Czar Nicholas, the Government kept the contract in good faith, and the Mennonites pros- pered and multiplied. But the son and successor of Nicholas. Alexander, the present monarch of Russia, violated the pledges made by his prede- cessors, and insisted that if these people were to live in Russia they would be bound to become Russians in law, and military service, and he forth- with submitted to them the alternative of naturali- zation or emigration. In the conflict of affections, conscience triumphed over interest, and they de- 28 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. tennined, as did the Puritan fathers, to abandon the homes of themselves and their fathers, that they might live in a land where every man is a king, and where religion is not prescribed by statutory en- actments. They determined to leave the old homes in Rus- sia and seek new homes in Dakota. Thus has Russia's tyranny proved Dakota's gain; and as religious intolerance in France gave the Huguenots to Carolina, as British persecution swelled the ranks of the American Revolutionary army with Irish Catholics; and as religious bigotry sowed the seed from which sprung this mighty Republic, so Rus- sian despotism bids fair to furnish hone and mus- cle for an American State of Dakota. Already have 1000 families of these industrious immigrants made their homes on the rolling prairies of Dakota, north of Yankton City and westward from the valley of the James river. Though their earliest settlement is little over a year old, they will add liberally to the grain product of Dakota in 1876, some of them having already planted not less than 100 acres of wheat. They come not as a majority of foreign immigrants come, with mind and muscle alone as their capital. They bring with them, in gold and greenbacks, the accumulated savings of generations, and a knowledge of agriculture and arts, acquired by themselves, or transmitted to them by preceding generations. Their knowledge they are applying to the develop- ment of Dakota's natural resources, and their capital is being liberally invested in building up the city of Yankton, or in promoting its trade and in- dustry. Their poorest family owns $500 at least, while many of them own amounts of money ranging from $1,000 to $50,000. Sheep raising with them is a favorite and lucrative industry, and as the grassy prairies of Dakota are admirably suited to this purpose, they propose to enter largely into sheep raising here. One of their wealthiest men, whose capital is estimated at the enormous sum of $200,000, pro- poses to ship 400 Russian sheep, of an extra fine breed, all the way from Russia to Dakota, during the coming year. Almost all of these people reached the territory by passing over the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and all of them advise their friends to seek this line. DAKOTA'S INVOCATION. Reader, if you are in quest of pleasure that pure and unalloyed pleasure found in observing and contemplating the beautiful and wonderful works of God let us call your attention to Dakota. Have you ever seen that curious, beautiful and magnificent freak of nature, Big Sioux Falls ? Have you ever stood upon the prairies of Dakota, and breathed the air which cures consumption ? Did you ever travel over the Dakota Southern Railroad, which passes along the wooded margin of the "mighty Missouri," and across the Missouri Valley, the largest and most fertile valley of North America ? Did you ever stand upon the deck of an Upper Missouri river steamboat and gaze upon the en- chanting scenery along the serpentine windings of the mighty stream ? Have you seen the Yellowstone Park, with its natural fountains, geysers and lakes, and its endless miles of walks and drives, macadamized by the hand of nature ? If you have never beheld any of these scenes, visit Dakota before visiting Switzerland, and be convinced that in America there is scenery, which in point of curiosity and grandeur, is unrivaled by anything in the world. To anglers, hunters, or fowlers, Dakota offers great inducements, being perfectly alive with game of all kinds, from the mighty elk and buffalo to the lively little squirrel of the woods; from the king of birds, the soaring eagle, to the smallest quail or snipe; or from a hundred-pound catfish to that delicious morsel, a speckled trout of the stream; in short, sportsmen have universally proclaimed Dakota the happy hunting grounds of the West. Botanists, geologists, ON THE WESTERN LINES OF THE SIOUX CITT & PACIFIC R. R. After our hasty view of Dakota and its railways, we will return to Missouri Valley Junction, and take a hasty glance at the western branches of the Sioux City and scientists find here a new field for their re- searches, and are daily adding specimens of some- thing new from the wonderful works of the great' Creator of the Universe. We may mention here, for the benefit of botanists, that cacti of many kinds abound, and that curious shrub, the sensitive plant, here flourishes in a wild state. Antiquarians in search of fossil remains of extinct animals and petrifactions, moss-agates, and other curiosities and trophies, both ancient and modern, will have every reason to be pleased should they visit this part of the world, for Dakota is particu- larly rich in the above specimens. One petrifaction was lately sold for $2,000, and went East, being quite a success as an exhibition. Last, but by no means least, the Indian may be seen in all his native simplicity, and this without any danger whatever, the country having military forts surrounding them on all sides, and the sports- man can join with the genuine Indians in their wild and exciting sports. The Crown Prince of Russia and suite, on their late visit to this country, enjoyed the buft'alo hunt more than anything else. In fact, we can guarantee more variety of amusement to the Tourist than any other part of the United States. We will only add that the hotels through the country are good, well kept, and charges reasonable. We have given this much of our space to this new territory, not alone on account of our controlling the line of railway into its southern border, but because, as will be seen elsewhere in this book, one of our own lines penetrates and runs some miles into the State from its eastern border. THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. 29 & Pacific Railroad. We leave Missouri Valley Junction, and follow the main (or Sioux City) line to California Junction, cross the Missouri river by a steam ferry, and reach Blair, 13 miles from Missouri Valley. This is the county seat of Washington county, Neb., which was organized in 1855, and has a population of 8,000. The surface of the country is rolling prairie, is well watered, and has abundance of timber. Blair has a population of 2,000, one bank, two schools, one occupying a building costing $15,000; three churches, one flouring mill, two grain eleva- tors, with capacity each of 30,000 bushels, and three hotels The Blair House, by E. E. Keily; The Germaine, by H. Teirs; and The Farmers', by Robt. Schetchley. A stage line runs to Hermanjfnre 50c. ; Tekamah, $1.25; Decatur, $2.50; and Dakota City, $5.50. Kannard, 25 miles from Mis- souri Valley. Bell Creek, 29 miles from Missouri Valley, was laid out in 1869; has a population of 200, is located on an elevated plateau between Bell creek and the Elk- horn river; has one hotel, The Eagle House, by S. Masters; one grain elevator and one flour mill. Fremont, 37 miles from Mis- souri Valley, is the county seat of Dodge county, and is, via the Union Pacific Railroad, 46 miles west of Omaha, and is at the junc- tion of th it line and the Sioux City & Pacific Railroad. The country surrounding Fremont is not surpassed by any in the West for productiveness of soil. Fre- mont has a population of 3,000, a fine opera house, two news- papers, seven grain elevators, and several hotels, of which The Occidental, by C. Q. Pascall, Is the best. From this station in 1875 one million bushels of grain were shipped. Nickerson, 45 miles from Mis. souri Valley. This town is situa- ted on the Elkhorn river, near the mouth of the Maple, and is surrounded by some of the best lands that are to be found in Nebraska. Population of the vil- lage is 200. It has one hotel, The Bassler House, $1.50 per day. Fontenelle is one mile east, and has a population of 200. It has one school, three churches, and several business houses. Calhoun and Jamestown are tributary to Nickerson. Hooper, 53 miles from Missouri Valley. This village is less than two years old, and has a popula- tion of 300. It has two grain elevators, with a ca- pacity of 20,000 bushels; three hotels, a spacious town hall, and two flour mills. Stages run tri- weekly to Logan, 2 miles ; Oakland, 17 miles ; Lyons, 22 miles, and Decatur, 45 miles; and semi-weekly for Maple, 7 miles, and Everett, 14 miles distant. To the fanner seeking a home in the West, this portion of Nebraska offers unusual advan- tages. Scribner, 60 miles from Missouri Valley. This village, only two years old, and having a population of 300, is situated in the valley of the Elkhorn river. It has two flour mills, one grain elevator, and two hotels The Culver House, at $2 per day, and The Farmers', at $1.50. Crowell, 65 miles from Missouri Valley, Is a small village, in the midst of a fine agricultural country. West Point, 73 miles from Missouri Valley, Is the county seat of Cuuiming county, Neb., which was organized m!857. and h:is a population of 7,000. Agnes Park, near HIM City, In the Black Hills, Dakota. West Point has a population of 1,200, and has one flour mill, two banks, one grain elevator, one news- paper, county court house, which cost $40,000; one brick hotel - The Neligh House that cost $15,000 ; one public hall, and about twenty stores. Popula- tion consists largely of Germans, Bohemians and Swedes. It has a good public school, with three departments ; three churches, a masonic and an odd fellows' hall, and two fire companies. Wlsner, 88 miles from Missouri Valley. This village was laid out in 1871, and has a population of about 600; it controls a large trade with the sur- rounding country, and from 100 to 150 miles up the Elkhorn valley. The valley of the Elkhorn Is one 30 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. of the most beautiful and productive in the world; about 5 mill's in width and about 150 miles in length. Much of its laud is still sparsely settled, and can be purchased from $4 to $10 per acre. Horse-shoe, Deer, Swan, Goose, Pickerel, Beaver and Bull-head lakes are from one to four miles from Wisner, and are full of fish. Wild game is also very plentiful, amongst which are the antelope, deer, geese, ducks, prairie chicken and quail. The hotels are The Elkhorn Valley and The Wisner. La Porte, popu- lation, 200, 15 miles: Stanton, population, 200, dis- tant 18 miles northwest; Norfolk, population, 500, 33 miles west ; Madison, 30 miles west ; Battle Creek, Oakdale, Xel'.g.' City and O'Neill City, are all tributary to and are reached from Wisner by stage lines. Wisner is an important outfitting post for persons destined for the Elack Hills of Dakota, and offers many facilities in this respect that cannot be presented by any other point. A .popular route to Ouster City, iu Ouster's Park, 375 miles distant, is that along the Elkhorn valley to a point 40 miles beyond O'Neill City, and thence via the Niobrara into the Hills. ON THE CALIFORNIA LINE AGAIN. We now return to the California line again, and will proceed on our trans-conti- nental trip. . . rounding county for many miles. . Corn, hogs, cattle and wheat form the principal freight shipments from this station. The surround- ingcountyisfullofgame. Geese, ducks, bnmt, ruffled grouse, prairie chickens, quail, snipe, plover and woodcock are espe- cially plentiful. Honey Creek and Crescent 'are two small stations west of Missouri Valley Junction. Pass- ing these we reach the city of Council Bluffs, 488 miles from Chicago. Here we have a city of 10.000 people, and the western terminns of the Omaha & California line of our road, and of three other important railway lines. Council Bluffs is the connty seat of Pottawatomie county which was organized in 1848, and which contains ab^ut 25,000 inhabitants. The site of the city was selected by the west- ward bound hosts of "The Church of the Latter-Day Saints," (Mor- mons), when making their exo- dus. They here erected their tabernacle and built their city, and named it Kanesville. Prom this point they set out on their tiresome overland journey to the then sterile, sage brush-clad Custer'8 Park, near CusterClty, In the Black Hills of Dakota. P lains of the apparently inhos- , pitable valley of the Great Salt Lake. With the exodus of the Mormons a new people came in, and a new town was built, and from the fact that Its site had been the scene of many Indian councils the city was named Council Bluffs. The ancient banks of the Missouri river are about three miles from its present shores, the intervening distance being what Is known as " bot- tom land." The city is built partly on this bottom Missouri Valley Junction has a resident pop- ulation of about 1,600. Its site was purchased from the Sioux City & Pacific Railroad Company, in October, 1866, and it was incorporated in 1867. The machine shops of the S. C. & P. Ey. are located here, and give constant employment to about 250 mechanics. The village has excellent schools, (one of Its public school buildings cost over $12,000, which speaks volumes for the enterprise of this "frontier" town.) It has a town hall that cost $4,000. a large hall fitted up with stage and scenery, one newspaper, two churches, and three hotels. It Is built on elevated ground, from which can be seen the "Highlands of Nebraska, 1 ' and the sur- land and partly in the bluffs, the principal portion being fully three miles from the river. Situate as it is in the gorges In the bluffs, the city does not make a fair showing to the passer-by, but if he will leave his train and visit the city, he will be pleased and surprised to find as finely built and as active a THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. city as he has parsed through since he left the Atlantic coast. It contains seven public schools, eight churches, two flour mills, and several large manu- facturing establishments, amongst which may be named the works of the Council Bluffs Agricultural Implement Company, using a capital of $150,000, and jearly selling over $100,000 worth of its product; and the Council Bluffs Iron Works, a chartered com- pany employing 20 men, and producing $80,000 worth a year of the various forms of machines, etc., for which the company is noted. The county court house, a fine building, together with the jail and county offices, are surrounded by a high wall. Dohany's hall will seat 600 persons, and is arranged for concerts, the- atre, shows, etc. The hotels are: The Ogden, (recently rebuilt), having 125 rooms; Pacific, 75 rooms ; Metropol- itan, 25 rooms; Bryant, 20 rooms; Clifton, 25 rooms; and Farmers, 20 rooms; charges range from $1.60 to $3 per day. Since the bridge across the river here was built, an effort has been made by the people of Council Bluffs to have the trains of the Union Pacific Road cross the bridge, and make Council Bluffs the eastern terminus of that line, but owing to various complications their termi- nus was held at Omaha, on the opposite side of the river, and the trains of the lowu lines made Council Bluffs their western termi- nus. The result was a double transfer, the passen- gers from the trains from the East debarking here, getting into a "transfer train" that crossed, the bridge, and again debarking on the Omaha side, and there taking the west bound trains of the Union Pacific Road. Coming from the West similar transfers were made. A recent decis- ion of the Supreme Court of the United States seems to have settled the ques- tion, and very soon a joint 32 THE I^ORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. depot is promised for the east bank of the river, and the usual double transfer will be avoided. At Council Bluffs we make close connections with the trains of THE KANSAS CITY, ST. JOSEPH & COUNCIL BLUFFS RAILROAD, which are taken by our passengers for St. Joseph, Atchison, Leaven- worth, Kansas City, and other Western Missouri and Kansas towns. OMAHA. Hurriedly we have spanned the 492 miles that separate Chicago from Omaha, and crossing the beautiful railroad bridge (a view of which we give,) you are landed in that live, wide-awake city, whose name is Omaha. There you will find the Grand Central Hotel, with our ticket offices therein, many fine business houses, built along finely graded and paved streets, that are constantly crowded with the evidences of a large and rapidly growing trade. Besides the Grand Central, the city contains several other good hotels, an opera house, fine school houses, churches, public halls, large manufacturing establishments, the machine and car shops of the Union Pacific Rail- road, and all other of the usual accompaniments of a great city. At the depot of the Union Pacific road you will find an excellent eating house, kept by that prince of caterers, Markel, and where, besides getting first-class meals, you can get your lunch baskets and well cooked lunches to take with you if going overland. If not going out on the Union Pacific, you can take the trains, of the BURLINGTON & MISSOURI RIVER RAIL- ROAD IN NEBRASKA, and by them reach Ashton r Newton, Lincoln, (the- capital of Nebraska), Crete, Beatrice, or Kear- ney Junction ; or you can take the trains of the OMAHA & NORTH- WEST- ERN RAILROAD for Flor- ence, Calhoun, De Soto, Blair, or Wisner, and the country tributary. Supposing you are going to Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, the Pacific Coast, or, perhaps, to China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or the Sandwich Islands, you will take the Chicago & North-Western Railway for Omaha, and there take the trains of the UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, and pass through Fremont, Columbus, Lone Tree, Grand Island, Kearney Junction, North Platte, Sidney, and reach Cheyenne, 516 miles from Omaha, and 1,008 miles from Chicago. Here you leave the train if you are going to any point in Colorado. Passing south, by the DENVER PACIFIC RAILWAY, you cross apparently sterile plains, and run through Greeley and Evans, where you can study the vast system of irrigation that has made these plains bloom like a garden. You run along, with the snow-clad peaks of the main Rocky Mountain range in full view, and in six hours after leaving Cheyenne you reach DENVER. COLORADO THE FAR WESTERN SUMMER RESORT. Grand Central Hotel, Omaha, Neb. The Attractions for Invalids, Tourists and Idlers. To the tourist and the invalid, Colorado has unexcelled and increasing attractions, and each recurring season offers new facilities for health and recreation. The preparations for this summer at all the watering places and towns whose vicinity THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. affords scenic or sanitary advantages, are of a high order; and it is the object of this article, after pointing out the route of travel to Colorado, to give the tourist or traveler some idea, after he gets there, of what to see, and how to see it. There is no end to the attractions of Colorado, and we advise those who can to make at least one trip out thtTf, ere the countrj becomes more settled, as then the scenery will not appear half so attract- ive as at present, in its wild, romantic state. To those who intend going during the ensuing hot mouths, we offer the following suggestions: Leave Chicago via Chicago & North-Western Railway, for Omaha, thence via the Union Pacific to Chey- enne, and thence via the Denver Pacific Railway, to Denver. At Denver, the principal hotels are the Grand Central, American, Inter-Ocean, (opened since last season.) Ford's, Sargent's and Charpiot's. The three first named are four-story buildings, and will accommodate from 100 to 150 guests each. The new Broadwell House is the largest in Colorado. The rate at all of them is $4 per day, and from $21 to $25 per week. The principal watering places in Colorado are Manitou and Idaho Springs. Manitou is five miles from Colorado Springs station, on the Denver & Rio Grande Railway, and seventy-two miles south of Denver. The narrow-gauge cars, neat and com- fortable, take the traveler along at the rate of 15 miles an hour, through Littleton, up over the Divide with its pineries, passing the lake at the summit surrounded with myriads of beautiful flowers, down the southern slope along the Monument, reaching Colorado Springs at noon. Taking time to see the notable improvements of the past few months in this stirring little city of 3,000 people, with its many handsome buildings, a carriage is taken to the Springs. Here the Manitou House, and the new Cliff House, and, two miles further on, the Tonic Springs Hotel all having spacious walks, croquet grounds, drive ways, billiard halls, barber shops, and mineral baths offer abundant comforts for guests. Saddle-horses and carriages can be ob- tained to visit all the point* of interest; also guides and pack animals to the summit of Pike's Peak, where the new Government signal office is located, and whence weather reports are telegraphed over the country three times a day. Days and weeks can be profitably spent at Maniton and vicinity. Idaho Springs lies in the valley of South Clear creek. 35 miles west of Denver. The tourist takes the Colorado Central, broad gauge, to Arapahoe Junction, below Golden, where he changes to the narrow gauge train, which whirls him through Clear Creek Canon to Floyd Hill, thence 5# miles by Concord coach. The Beebe and Alvord houses furnish good hotel accommodations. The chief attractions of the place are the hot and soda springs, and the swimming baths. There is gorgeous scenery on every hand. Trips to Fall river, Chi- cago Lakes, and the mines can be made. The place has good liveries, boarding houses, daily mails, telegraph, and other accommodations. Canon City, near which are some of the most notable springs, is surrounded by various attrac- tions. At Georgetown, where the silver mines are to be seen, and from whence the brisk camps at Silver Flume, Empire, Bakerville, Argentine, the mills and furnaces of Stewart, Spanish Bar, Mason- ville, and the scenic attractions of Gray's Peak, Twin Lakes, Griffith Mountain, Chicago I>akes, and Middle Park, are to be reached, those spacious hotels, the Barton and American, have been re- newed, and additions to liveries, boarding houses, and other improvements made. At Boulder, the Boulder and Colorado hotels have been repaired, daily stage lines to Gold Hill, Nederland and Caribou put on, liveries increased, and every ad- vantage offered for trips up Boulder Canon and the falls, to Peabody Springs, Belmont Iron Works, Erie Coal Mines and Cjold Hill; the place also has now the advantage of two railroads to Denver. At Longmont, a tri-weekly stage line has been arranged, from the St. Vrain Hotel to Estes Park, 40 miles, where the Evans Hotel, excellent fishing and hunting, saddle ponies and guides, and the climbing of Long's Peak, are the chief attractions. At Central City, the Teller House, and numerous smaller hotels and boarding-houses, and the fine liveries, are prepared to furnish every facility for visiting the gold mines, the great Sierra Madre tunnel, the stamp mills and reduction works, Black Hawk, Nevadaville, James' Peak, and Rollinsville. The inducements offered by the Chicago & North- Western route, via Omaha, to Colorado are, the fine country it passes through between Chicago and Omaha, its splendid track and equipment, the comfort enjoyed while passing over the Union Pa- cific Road, the chances of seeing the plains, moun- tains, and other attractions not found on any other route ; and the chance to visit Cheyenne, Greeley, Evans, etc., before you reach Denver. . If yon can- not at your homes buy tickets via this route through, you can buy to Chicago, and at our offices there get your through tickets. Better do that than miss the opportunity to go by this route. Returning to Cheyenne from Denver, or if you have not broken your westward journey, yoipass on to Sherman, at the summit of the Rocky Mountains, 8,242 feet above the sea; Laramle, with its Fort Sanders, and the rolling mills of the Union Pacific Railway ; Fort Fred Steel, Ratvlings, Green River, Bryan, JSvanston, with its eating houses with Chinese waiters, near which are very exten- sive and valuable coal mines, and soon run down, through those marvels of Utah Echo and Weber canons and at 1,032 miles from Omaha, reach OODEN, an important Mormon city, and the junc- tion of four railroads, viz : the UNION PACIFIC, over which you have come from the East; the- CENTRAL PACIFIC, over which you will pass when going West; the UTAH NORTHERN, which you will take for Logan and points beyond (by stage) in Idaho or Montana; and the UTAH CENTRAL, over which you will pass with me in the contemplated trip to Salt Lake City, before we proceed further towards "sundown." To THE CITY OF THE SAINTS. Then, bidding good-bye to our friends who have accompanied us from Chicago, and who fail to- " take in " this pleasurable " side-show," we step- into the cars of "Bishop Sharp's road," and start southward, with the Great Salt Lake on our right THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. Stopping for a few moments at Kaysiille, Far- ininglon, Centreville, and one or two unimportant stations, wo, in two hours' run from Ogden, are at SALT L KE CITY, that marvel to the Mormons themselves, who have reared it or seen it grow, and that more than marvel to the gentile, who has had no part in its past and bat little vital Interest in its present ; for in the past he was a rarely-seen strangA, and in its present is hardly at home, or willing *o /.acknowledge that he has "come to stay." WitWitrt attempting to describe this wonderful city, or the blooming country around it, we yet must call your attention to the situation ON THE CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD. We pass Corinne, a noted mountain stage depot, and at Kelton find a good point to take stages for all points in Idaho. ID ADO. In Idaho we reach by our cor.uections Boise City, Idaho City, Malade, and Silver City, and the won- derful falls of the Snake river; these are, the Ameri- can, 70 feet; the Salmon, 60 feet; and the Shoshone, over 200 feet perpendicular. These last vie with Niagara in beauty and grandeur. In Idaho the days are never sultry and the nights are always cool; on the plains and in the valleys snow does not lie Walker House, Salt Lake City, Utah. of the city itself, and ask you to note the glorious Wahsatch mountains to the left, and the Oquirrh range to the right, the lake at their feet, the silent Jordan at its foot, and not to overlook the ever- present evidences of the great work that has been wrought by these "peculiar people." Gentile, as we are, we freely and willingly join in repeating, as many have before, "No other people have be- fore accomplished as much." For those who can- not see for themselves, we picture a feature or two of this visit that may be new and not uninteresting. From here yon can reach by rail Lehi and Proco, nd many other interesting points in the Territory. If you have time, fail not to take a trip over the AMERICAN FORK RAILROAD, and see the glories and beauties of the wonder canons it runs through. After dining at TheTownsend cr at The Walker, the leading " Mormon " and " Genti'c" hotels, we hurry back to Ogden, ard pursue o;ir western .jonrney. on the ground; cattle feed out-doors the year round. The climate is much the same as that of Central Illinois and Southern Pennsylvania. Good hotels are found in all the towns; and daily news- papers, the telegraph, and other evidences of ad- vanced civilization, are found on every hand. Stages run daily from various points on the Cen- tral Pacific Road to all the towns in Idaho, and no more attractive region can be found for a summer tour than is offered by the hill country of Idaho. If wo do not end our stage tr;p in Idaho, but continue it northward, we pass on to Helena, (pop. 4,000, a::d the capital,) Vtrrjin'ia City, Deer Lodge, Argenta, Bannock, and Bozeman, in Montana. MONTANA. Montana, with its mountains, lakes and rivers, will amply p-y for a summer's sojourn there. The National Pa. k on the Yellowstone, the gey- sers, and the mountains cf the Bitter Root, Snow THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 35 and other chains,are all accessible from Helena. The geysers of the Yellowstone and the Upper Missouri are the most wonderful in the world, those of Iceland and Ne\v Zealand not excepted. Here we have the Thnd, Born, Bath, Cavern, Bee- hive, Giant, Giantess, Old Faithful, Saw-mill, Grotto, Punch-bowl, Riverside, Soda, Fan, .and other geysers within the Territory, bounded by latitude 43 and 47 north, and longitude 110 and 114 west. These geysers vary from the mere mud vol- cano to those throwing boiling water in columns six feet in diameter and 200 feet in height. The water in the various geysers varies from icy cold to boiling, and in color from the transparent to the inky black, through all the shades of blue, brown, red, yellow, green, etc. Some of the ejections occur at regular pe- riods, varying from one hour to 32 hours apart, while others are always active. Not tarrying in Montana, we return to the Central Pacific Railroad, at Corinne or Kelton. WESTWARD AGAIN. Toano, Elko, Palisade, Battle Mountain, Winnemucca, Humboldt, (note its oasis) and Wadsworth are reached, and a stop is made at Eeno. Here, after a good rest with friend Chamberlain in his pleasant hotel, we will take a fresh start, and run down the VIRGINIA & TRCCKEE RAILROAD to Carson, the capital of Nevada, and to Virginia City, Gold Hill and Silver City, in which are found the "Big Bonanza" and other mines, and especially notable those of the Comstock lode. Spending a day, week or months here with pleasure and profit, you return to Reno, and again taking the palace cars of the CENTRAL PACIFIC RAIL- ROAD, arc in the Sierra Nevadas; pass (if you do not go to Lake Tahoe) Truckee, Colfax, Dutch Flat, Avburn, Sacramento, Stock- ton, Lathrop, NUes, and, at 5.00 r. ., reach the "Golden Gate," with San Francisco to the south of it. From this wonderful city yon can roach any part of the Pacific Coast, or the great East beyond. Santa Cruz, Santa Bar- bara, Los Angel fs and San Diego, southward, are accessible by two daily lines of steamers ; while Port- land, Tacoma, Victoria, Puget Sound and Van- couver's Island, and all points in Oregon, Washing- ton, and British Columbia, are accessible by steam- ers running up the coast. Inland, by rail, Napa, St. Helena, Calistoga, Oroville, Marysville, Peta- luma, Santa Rosa, Cloverdale, Santa Clara, San Jose, Hollister, Gilroy, Soledad, Salinas, Montenj, Calienta, and a hundred other towns are readily reached. To Hong Kong, in China, and Yokohama, in Japan, two lines of steamers furnish weekly departures; and to Honolulu, in the Sandwich Islands, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, and Auckland, in New Zealand, one line of steamers are run regularly. In all thi^vast field, the Chicago & North- Western Railway is known and patron-* ized. Even farther India lends her patronage and aids to swell the throng that constantly crowds its numerous passenger trains, and assists in loading its miles of freight cars. This, then, is one thin;: City Aqueduct, Salt Lake City, Utah. Reached by Omaha A California Line. this great corporation can do for yon. It opens wide the door to the great Weft and to the still greater East, and is the gateway for the millions who seek new homes, or desire to visit friends anywhere via THE GREAT TRANS-CONTINENTAL ROUTE. IN CALIFORNIA AND THEREABOUTS. The popular resorts of California reached by the Chicago & North-Western Railway and its connections are, "The Tosemite" "The Geysers" "Mount Diablo," "TlieBi<] Trees," " Donner Lake," "Lake Tahoe," " Summit Soda Springs," "Calistoga 8ub>iiur Springs," Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Ln Angeles. 36 THE NOKTH AND WKST ILLUSTRATED. The fame of the Valley of Yoseinite has now become world-wide. Its tower- ing cliffs, waterfalls like cataracts from the clouds, and the gigantic vegetation surrounding it, have no comparison in the world. In sublimity of grandeur and enchanting beauty it surpasses expression, and must be viewed to be appreciated. Several eminent writers have attempted descriptions, but all have despaired in giving expression to the awe-inspiring feelings which fill the beholder of the mighty chasm. Bierstadt has painted it, and Watkins has photographed it, and these, as all writers say, give the nearest idea of the majesty of the scene to that of being present at the reality. As to the faith- ful, the admonition to "see Mecca and die," so to the traveler, " see Yosemite, the last of earth." To reach the Yosem- ite Valley, the traveler goes to Lathrop, 82 miles east of San Fran- cisco, and then, via the Visalia Division of the Central Pacific Rail- road, from Lathrop to Merced; thence the tour- ist has choice of two routes via Mariposa, Clarks (Mariposa Big Tree Grove), The Hermi- tage, and Inspiration or Glacier Points, or via the Coulterville Short Line, passing Snellings, Coulterville, Dudley's, Bower Cave, Pilot Peak. Merced Big Tree Grove, and the canons and cataracts of Merced river, (both "all. wagon " roads). TABLE OP ALTITUDES AT YOSEMITE VALLEY. The Tabernacle, Salt Lake City, Utah. Reached by Omaha & California Line. WATERFALLS. INDIAN NAME. SIGNIFICATION. AMEBICAN NAMB. Po-ho-no Spirit of the Evil Wind BridalVeil Yosemite Large Grizzly Bear First fall, 1,600 feet; Second fall, 434 feet; Third fall, 600 feet Pi-wy-ack Wide Water Vernal To-wi-ye Nevada To-lool-we-ack South Fork To-coy-ne Shade to Indian Baby Basket Royal Arch Falls Loya HT. ABOVE, VALLEY. . 940 feet. 2,634 " . 350 " . 700 " . 600 " .1,800 " . Sentinel Fall 3,200 MOUNTAINS. Tis-sa-ack Goddess of the Valley South Dome 6,000 Cloud's Rest 6,450 To-coy-;e Shade to Indian Baby Basket North Dome 3,725 Hunto The Watching Eye Round Tower 2,400 Mab-tu . Martyr Mountain Cap of Liberty 4,600 Mount Starr King 5,600 THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. 37 HT. ABOVE INDIAN NAME. SIGNIFICATION. AMERICAN NAME. FALLEY. Tu-tuck-a-nu-la Great Chief of the Valley The Captain 3,100 feet Wah-wah-k-na Three Graces 3,750 Pom-pom-pa-stts : Falling Rocks Three Brothers 4,300 Poo-see-nah Chack-ka Large Acorn Cache Cathedral Hock 2,400 Sentinel Dome .4,500 Loya Sentinel Rock 3,270 The Yosemite Valley is 4,060 feet above the sea. Its general course is northeasterly and southwesterly. The " New Wagon Road " was completed early in April, 1875, between Clarks and The Hermitage, thence into the Valley. Visitors can leave Merced in the morning, stop over night at Clarks, the next forenoon visit the Big Tree Grove, six miles from Clarks, via Saddle Trail, and during the afternoon of the same day travel by Wash- burn, Chapman & Co.'s Passenger Wagons from Clarks to the Valley making the trip, including the Big Trees, in two days from Merced; or, via the Coulterville all Wagon Route, passing Snellings and Coulterville; stopping over night at Dudley's Mills (45 miles from Merced); the next day passing Bower Cave, Pilot Peak, the "Merced Grove of Big Trees," the Cliffs and Canons of the Merced River, Bridal "Veil and Yosemite Falls, arriving at the Hotels at 4.00 p. M., making but two days asy traveling, without change of vehicle, between Merced and Yosemite. A third route for visitors to the Yo Semite and Calaveras Big Trees is to Stockton, via Central Pacific Railroad, and thence by rail to Milton, arriving at this railroad terminus at 1.45 p. M., where they will take dinner, and then proceed in easy riding carriages to Murphy's, where they will find splendid hotel accommodations and stop over night. The following morning they will drive to the Calaveras Big Tree Grove, where they will find equally good hotel accommodations and will spend most of the day there, returning in the evening to Murphy's. From Murphy's to the Valley the route is through an interesting Hydraulic and Placer Mining country, and over a good gravel road. Before reaching the brink of the Valley at Crane's Flat the traveler will find a small grove of the mammoth trees of California. Two of these, named the "Siam- ese Twins," growing from the same root, measure 114 feet in circumference, and with corresponding height. But he will hasten on to the rim of the mighty basin, and become transfixed in awe as he first beholds it from " The Stand-Point of Silence." Here he takes in the view in its awful majesty. None are so cold as to contemplate it without having awakened within them feelings beyond their power to express. From such feelings arose the name'the point bears. From this summit to the valley below is a distance of three miles, by a horseback trail, descending four thousand feet, where Hutchings' stage will meet passengers and take them to Hutchings' Hotel, which is surrounded by the grandest scenery the eye ever rested on. THE BIG TREE GROVE OP CALAVERAS COUNTY, CAL. The Calaveras Group is the one known to the world as " The Big Trees of Cali- fornia," and the one chiefly visited by tourists. It comprises the Mammoth and South Park Groves. The Mammoth Grove contains ninety-three of these Giants of the Forest, among which are the Mother of the Forest, the bark from which was exhibited in the Crystal Palace, London ; the Father of the Forest, through whose prostrate trunk thousands have ridden on horseback; and the Original Big Tree, the stump of which forms the floor of the famous Pavilion, 32 feet in diameter. The South Park Grove, distant six miles, is superior to the more famous Mammoth Grove, both in number and size of its Big Trees, of which 1,380 have been counted. It has only been recently opened up to tourists, and is readily reached with horses 38 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. from the Mammoth Grove Hotel by a good bridge and trail. These two Groves com- prise the Calaveras Group of Big Trees, surpassing all others in grandeur and beauty. THE GEYSERS. The geysers of California are in Sonoma county in a lateral gorge of the valley of Napa, called the Devil's Canon, near Pluton river. The canon is narrow and shut in by steep hills. Vapor fills the gorge, while springs hot, cold and great, gush out on all sides and lie within a few feet of each other. They differ in color, taste and smell. These waters are clear, white, black, red, blue, yellow and green, and are either pure to the taste, sulphurous, fetid, acid or alkaline. The most celebrated is " The Steam- pipe " which is an orifice in the hill side, eight inches in diameter, out of which is ejected continuously and with almost deafening roar, a volume of hot steam that is projected from 50 to 200 feet in height. "The Witches' Caldron" is amass of black fetid mud that is ever bubbling and boiling with, internal heat. These gey- sers are 1,700 feet above the sea level, and are reached from San Fran- cisco by two routes : First, via the Vallejo Steamers and California Pacific Railroad through Napa Valley, connecting with Foss & Connelly's Line from Calistoga Springs ; thence via Van Arnam & Kennedy's Line to Cloverdale, connecting with daily train of the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad, running through Sonoma Valley. Or Second, via Clover- dale and the San Francisco & Northern Pacific Rail- road. Sailing up through one of the most spacious and beautiful bays in the world, surrounded with charming panoramic views ; enjoy- ing a ride of 56 miles in comfortable cars, through a level country, affording a wide view on each side of the fertile county of Sonoma, passing several thriving towns in the meantime. Arriving at Cloverdale, there connecting Avith Van Arnam & Kennedy's new stages, over a new road of easy grade, running through a section of country unsur- passed for grandeur of scenery and surroundings ; only two hours staging. No trip to California is complete unless including a visit to the great natural phe- nomena of the Pacific Coast. LAKE TAHOE, VIA SUMMIT STATION AND DONNER LAKE. The tourists' route between Summit Station, Donner Lake, Truckee, and Lake Tahoe, is via stage. Stages will leave Summit, daily, pass Truckee, arriving at Tahoe Devil's Gate, Weber Canon, Utah. On Omaha & Califo THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. City and return in the evening. Overland passengers going East, leave San Francisco in the morning, Sacramento about noon, arriving at Summit for supper. Remain over night at Cardwell's Hotel, and leave by next morning's stage, via the Donner Lake Route,*for Lake Tahoe, and return during the evening of the same day to Truckee in time to connect with the eastward bound train. This route gives passengers an outside view of the wonderful snow sheds and galleries of the Central Pacific Rail road, not obtainable in any other way. Overland passengers going West, wishing to visit Donner Lake and Lake Tahoe, should leave the train at Truckee or Summit; returning from Tahoe City to Truckee or Summit to resume the journey westward on. any subsequent day. The new passenger excursion (side-wheel) steamer Stanford, Captain Lapham, commanding, leaves Tahoe City after arrival of morning stage from Summit, and makes the complete circuit of the lake, touching at all points of interest en route, returning to Tahoe City same evening. Better neglect visiting all the other "lions of California" than fail to visit thi wonderful and beautiful lake. Many days c m be spent with pleasure and with profit in this vicinity. Good hotels are found at convenient distances, and guides are always ready. Finer brook trout fishing cannot be found on this continent than may be en- joyed in this locality. The writer of this has seen trout taken that weighed, when dressed for the table, full ten pounds, real speckled beauties ! Santa Cruz is the California Cape May, and with Santa Barbara and Los Angeles can best be reached via San Francisco. The Summit Soda Springs are 240 miles east of San Francisco, and are reached by stage daily from Soda Springs Station on the Central Pacific Railroad. The White Sulphur Springs of Calistoga should be "taken in" on the trip to or from "The Geysers." MOUNT DIABLO, The "Mount Washington" of California, the summit of which is nearly 4,000 feet above sea level, gives an unbounded view of the Alameda, San Joaquin, Sacra- mento and connecting valleys. The new wagon roads from Martinez and Haywards enable the tourist to reach the summit with only twenty miles travel in one of KimbalPs passenger wagons, making close connections with trains and ferries. Leaving San Francisco any day (via Oakland), on the Central Pacific Railroad Overland Train, arrive at Haywards and connecting with Bennett's Line, you arrive at Mount Diablo at noon. Or leave San Francisco (from Broadway wharf) by the Sacramento river steamers "Amador" or "Julia;" arrive at Benicia at 6 P. M. ; change to ferry boat for Martinez ; remain there over night ; and thence the next morning to Mount Diablo. Returning Stages le/ave Mount Diablo in the afternoon, in time to connect with train passing Haywards, for San Francisco. Or leave Mount Diablo in the afternoon to connect with ferry boat leaving Martinez at 5.00 P. M. , connecting with steamers "Amador" or "Julia," passing Benicia daily (except Sundays), at 5.30 p. M., and arriving at San Francisco about 8.00 r. M. OREGON, WASHINGTON AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. Tourists and other travelers or emigrants from the East destined for the above named States have choice of two routes from the Central Pacific Railroad. Of course to reach that line you will buy your tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Rail- way, to Sacramento or San Francisco. The first route is via rail from Sacra- mento, up the Sacramento Valley to Redding, 180 miles ; thence by stage, 280 miles, 40 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. to Roseburg ; thence by the Oregon & California Railroad, 200 miles, to Port- land ; while the other is to San Francisco, and thence by steamer up the coast to Portland. Oregon City, Salem (the capital), Albany, Eugene City, Astoria, Jack- sonville, Empire City, Dallas, Walla Walla and Umatilla, in Oregon, may all be reached by these routes, while Olympia, Steilacoom, Cascade City, Wallula, Port Townsend, Seattle, points on Puget Sound and other points in Washington Territory, and Victoria and other points in British Columbia, are reached from San Francisco, or from Portland. Our agent in San Francisco will at all times be pleased to give prospective visitors to Oregon or beyond, all information about the country, routes, tc., that they may desire. THE POPULAR ROUTE TO THE GREAT WEST. That the Chicago & North-Western Railway Hi is the route of the masses is well known and ac- knowledged by all intelli- gent observers of railway travel. It is to-day, and always has been, the route selected by those eminent in this and other lands when making theii trans -continental or round - the - world trips. As long ago as when the much-lamented Seward started on his over-land and over-seas trip, to the present day, when the thoroughly posted Dom Pedro, Emperor of Bra- zil, selected it as the route not only for his trip one way, but for the return trip as well, it has been recognized as the shortest, quickest, best. Reader, you cannot be wrong if you follow in the steps of your illustrious predecessors. THE IOWA MIDLAND LINE. Leaving California and its marvelous climate, we will take up another line of our road, and starting from the Mississippi river, take up a stitch we dropped, and try to unravel a little more of what we fear is, to many, a much-tangled skein. At CLINTON we are on the west bank of the Mississippi, river. Here we will strike northward for a short trip, and leaving the main line of the Iowa Division we will run over the IOWA MIDLAND RAILWAY, which is a branch line owned by the Chicago & North-Western Railway. ' Three miles above Clinton we reach Amphitheatre, Echo Canon, Utah. On Omaha & California Lii ' THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 41 Lyons, 141 miles from Chicago. This-city, with 4.500 population, is situate on the west bank of the Mississippi river, and was first settled in 1835. It has several important manufacturing establish- ments, amongst which we would mention a paper mill, employing 50 to 70 men; a sish, door and blind factory, with 30 hands; machine shops, agri- cultural implement manufactory, etc. Its educa- tional facilities are good, having five large school buildings that cost from $20,000 to $30,000 each, and accommodating 1,200 pupils. " The Lyons Female College," and "The River Side," two " higher " schools, are also well patronized. Lyons has seven churches, two hotels The Vandoran and The Sherman. Odeon Hall, seating 300, is a popular concert hall. The city has water works, and gas works will be erected dming the present year. Almoiit , 149 miles from Chicago, is a village of 800 people. Bryant, 155 miles from Chicago, is a village of 200 people, and has a good public school, a public hall, two hotels The Hass and The Western - charges $1.25 per day. El- vira, 8 miles southwest, __ .-"-:-'--"- i and Centre Grove, 6 miles southeast, are tributary. Goose I.a K o, 158 miles from Chicago, is surround- ed by a fine farming country. Charlotte, 163 miles from Chicago. The village has 300 Inhabitants, and was named after Mrs. Char lotte Gilmore, the first white woman settling here. It is built on both sides of Deep river, the stores t and business houses being in the valley along the riv- er, while the residences, churches, school houses, etc.. are on the higher bluffs. The poor farm and almshonse of Clin- ton county adjoin the vil- lage. The village has one school, three churches, two flour mills, and one hotel, The Sherman House, that can accommodate fifty guests. GOOSB LAKE, 3 miles southeast, is a great resort for sportsmen; geese, ducks and brant being very abundant. Deep river (well named, as it is over 15 feet deep) has recently been, by the State Fish Commissioner, stocked with young California salmon. Along the river, Indian mounds and the remains of ancient mining operations are found. Delmar, 171 miles from Chicago, is at the junc- tion of the Davenport & St. Paul R. R, and has about 600 inhabitants, one school, one church, (Methodist), a public hall and library, one news- paper, and two hotels The Junction, and The Riggs. Maquoketa river is 4 miles, and large and valuable stone quarries 2V4 miles distant. Maquoketa, 176 miles from Chicago-, is the county seat of Jackson county,which was oreanized Stephenson County port, III, in 1847, and now has 24,000 population. The city has 3,000 inhabitants, is built on both sides of the Maquoketa river, and on the edge ~f the largest body of timber there is in the State of *owa (hence they call this the " timber city.") Before the rail road was built here, steamers ran from the Missis- sippi river to this point. The city is picturesquely located on high bluffs, and has fine, wide, well paved streets. Considerable manufacturing is car- ried on in the lines of furniture, agricultural imple- ments, and other articles, in which wood is largely used. The city has one school house that cost $25,000, and several cheaper ones, six! hotels, a fin* 1 county court house, four flour mills, two woole^ mills, a tannery, three banks, four churches, and :. large number of fine business houses. Two medici- nal springs within the city limits have large local repute. Two miles off is an Indian burial ground. The business of this city for 1875 show.ed over thirty-three per cent, increase over '1874. Nashville, 182 miles from Chicago. This village lias 200 in! nbitants, and is 1J4 miles eoutb. of Ma- il idketa river. Surfs Cave, (> miles north, is a pleasure resort. Baldwin, 185 miles from Chicago, is three ini:es from Maquoketa riv- rr; has 300 inhabitants, one school, and one hotel. Wild game of all kinds abound in the vicinity. MM Rock, 1 mile, Four Corners, 4 miles, Smith- land, 4 miles, Canton, 9 mileia. Crabbtown, 8 miles, Garriowen, 18 miles, and Zivingle, 18 miles distant, .in 1 all tributary to this flat ion. .Moiimouth, 188 miles from Chicago, is a village of 500 inhabitants, with tri-weekly stages to Can- ton, 6 miles, and Ozark, 9 miles distant. The town is built on rolling prairie, at the head of the Maqno- keta valley, and has one Court House, Free- school, two churches, and . two hotels. Onslow, 195 miles from Chicago, has 100 inhabitants, a graded school, two churches, and is connected with Wyoming, pop. 1,500, 4 miles distant, by daily stage. Centre Junction, and Blue Cut, respect- ively 199 and 202 miles from Chicago, are unimpor- tant villages. Anamosa, 210 miles from Chicago, is the county* seat of Jones county, which was organized in 1839. Present population, 20,000. Much of the land is rolling prairie, but a portion is hilly and somewhat broken, especially along the course of the Wapsi- pinicon river, that runs through the county. The Iowa State Piscicultural establishment is located In this county, and from it many thousands of young fish are being sent out to stock the streams and Ink: 1 * of the State Much easily worked fl:io build- 42 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. ing and flagging stone is quarried in the county. Anamosa contains five churches, two good schools, extensive manufactures, a court house that cost $80,000, two public halls, one bank, two hotels The Gillen House, by E. Gillen, accommodating 50 guests, and The Fisher, by K. Parker, for 100 guests ; they charge $2 per diem. The Iowa Midland Railway reached the city in 1871. The streets of the city are shaded with handsome native trees, and in the summer season seem embowered in foliage. The city has water works, which supply from the Wapsipinicon river ample water for protection from fire, and for manufacturing and domestic uses. This ends our trip over this little line, and we can say that we have passed through as beautiful and as productive a portion of country as can be found within the borders of the State. THE FREEPORT AND DUBUQUE LINE. Leaving Chicago from the Wells Street Depot, and following the course of the Chicago and Omaha Liue to Junction, 30 miles west of Chicago, we reach the "Free- port Branch," and will follow it to its junction with the Illinois Central Railway, which forms the northwestern portion of the "Dubuque Line." At 85 miles from Chicago we reach Wayne, in Du Page county, and in the great dairy region of Northern Illinois. It was settled first in 1834. and now has 1.500 inhabitants. The land in the vicinity of the village sells for from $60 to $100 per acre. A weekly stage runs to Wayne Centre. Clititonville, 39 miles from Chicago. This village of 800 inhabitants, is built on both sides of Fox river, and at one time was a place of considerable manufac- turing importance, but fires swept away the largest, and they have not been rebuilt. It now has two flour mills. one paper and felt mill, one tannery, a foundry and machine shop manufactur- ing iron fixtures for school furniture and sewing ma- chines, a fork factory pro- ducing 100 dozen forks daily, a large malt house, and one cheese and butter PA , factory. Elgin, 43 miles from Chicago, divided by Fox river into West and East Elgin. We here have a beautiful city of some 9,000 persons. It is the head- quarters of the dairy interest of the Fox River val- ley, and is the market for most of its dairy products. Elgin butter and cheese are noted the country over for their excellence. Within five miles of the city are cheese and butter factories that in 1875 produced over 2,000,000 Jbs. of cheese, and 600,000 Ibs. of butter. Besides manufacturing butter and cheese, the dairies ship large quantities of milk and cream to Chicago. The Illinois Milk Condensing Co., using the Gail Borden process, buys about $8,000 worth of milk monthly, and daily ships one car load of its product. The Fox River Woolen Manu- factory employs 50 hands, and uses daily 500 Ibs. of wool. The Elgin Packing Co. employs 100 men, and cans and packs corn and vegetables that cost at the factory, $40,000 yearly. One carriage factory employs 35 men ; one foundry makes castings for Whiting House Lake Geneva, Wis sewing machines, and for machinery for dairies, its exclusive business. In the city are twelve churches, seven public schools, one academy, one catholic school with 200 students, a tine free public library hav- ing 5,000 volumes, three public halls, (Dubois seat- ing 1,200), twir^^^,^. ^^ ^J known as Cornish's Ferry , . _..' t hen as Osceola, and fl::ally in 1856 it had permanently attached its present name. The railroad crosses Fox Large quantities of milk are shipped from here to Chicago, and more is consumed in its cheese and butter factories, which together absorb daily the milk of 1,500 cows, which are owned on fifty-four farms near this station. Grazing land sells for from $30 to $100 per acre. Algonquin contains three flour mills, one milk can factory, two line school houses, and several churches. Crystal Lake is 58 miles from Chicago by this route, and will be described when we reach the Wisconsin Division of the C. & N.-W. Ry. McHenry, 66 miles from Chicago. This is a village of 2,000 people, built on high ground on the banks of Fox river, in McHenry county, 111. It has three hotels, one school, several churches, and one newspaper. Five miles d slant we come to a chain of small lakes that extend eastward some thirty miles. These lakes are full of fish, and along their shores game is found in abundance. Ringivoml, 70 miles from C..icago, is a village of 400 people, surrounded by a fine grazing and farm country, well settled and finely improved. In 46 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. the village are two hotel*, one school, two churches, and the usual supply of stores, shop?, etc. Richmond, 75 miles from Chicago. This village has 750 inhabitants, and is built on the banks of Neipersink river. It has one flour mill, one school, four churches, an agricultural implement manufac- tory, and one hotel. Twin Lakes are three miles from the station. Game abounds in the vicinity. Genoa Junction, 77 miles from Chicago. Passing out of McHenry county, and out of the State of Illinois, we here reach Walworth county, in Wisconsin, and here cross the KENOSHA & ROCK- FORD RAILROAD, one of the lines owned by the C. & N.-W. Ry. Co. The village contains 300 people, and has one flour mill, one hotel, a planing mill, one school, and one church. Wooded hills sur- round the town, and add no small charm to the scenery of the vicinity. LAKE GENEVA, Wis. Lake Geneva, via Elgin, is 86 miles, and via Crystal Lake, 70 miles from Chicago. During the summer season through trains are run by both routes, but during the winter through trains are run only via Elgin, yet in the winter close connections are made by the Wisconsin Division trains at Crystal the richest enjoyment to the seeker of pleasure. The waters are remarkably clear and cold, being supplied by springs, and in many places are known to be very deep. The lake was called by the Indians " Kish-wa-ke-ta," signifying "crystal water." In later times it was known as Big Foot The Lake and the Oakwood Hotel, Green Lake, Wis. -page 58. Lake, with the through trains that run by the Elgin route. This delightful and thriving village is situated upon the north shore of Lake Geneva. No more lovely sheet of water can be found in the North- west, and no town could be blessed with more charming scenery. It is fast becoming noted for its beauty, and many hundreds arc making it their summer resort. Its growth and improvement for the past few years have been marked, and the ex- tensive hotels now building upon its banks only await completion to be thronged with the tourist and traveler from every part. Two fine side-wheel steamers make regular trips from Geneva to Fon- tana and intermediate points of interest, affording Lake, from its slight resemblance to the human leg and a monstrous foot. The lake as it is now known was named for Geneva Lake in New York, which in turn was named for Geneva Lake in Swit- zerland. Its shores are in places bold, at others undulating; here topped with grand old forests of oak, there opening out into a wide rolling stretch of country, dotted with fields of waving grass and grain, and beautiful farm houses. Mansions of great size and immense cost, displaying exquisite architecture, and surrounded by grassy terraces and | rarest flower gardens, adorn the shores near the vil- lage, while the lands for some miles out have been purchased by capitalists, and at no distant day will be adorned with all that money and skill can do to THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 47 make a rural home inviting and lovely. Springs of mineral properties, and it is hoped value, have been discovered at the head of the lake, where a largo summer boarding hoMse la to be erected. The fish of the lake are pickerel, rock and black bass, and perch; but most important of all is the celebrated " cis- co," which comes to tih. in- and is usually seen but once during the year, which is from June 10 to June 15, when a certain fly becomes unpleasantly abundant about the shore, and which be- comes food for the cisco during this their spawning time. Cisco fishing is a sport rel- ished by many, who travel ofttimes long distances to share it with the villagers and visitors, who gener- ally turn out and make it a gala week. The village is well laid out, the site being a little elevated and quite level, with high rolling hills to the east, west and north. The outlet ef tho hike furnishes a valuable water power, which operates a large grist mill, woolen mill and saw mill. Geneva at present has about 2,500 inhabitants, the census of 1870 show- tag 2,042. The town has six churches, three hotels, one of which is valued at 450.000, a large" and flourishing ladies 1 seminary, a flne pub- lic school building, the most valuable in the county, one bank, one newspaper, and the usual amount of store and other village property. Geneva was for many years the direct point from which most supplies of lumber, flour, feed, and other pioneer necessities were ob- tained. The prospects of this town we think unusually flattering; with a proportionate growth in manufacturing, with its watering attractions it must at no distant day rank among the best towns of the State. THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. TO THE NORTH & NORTHWEST. The Chicago & North-Western Railway Company owns two lines that run from Chicago northwardly, and one of these lines, 62 miles beyond Chicago, divides, and thereafter two lines are formed that continually diverge until their northern and north- western termini are many hundred miles apart. Examine our map. Note Harvard Junction as the point of bifurcation Ishperning in the north, close to Lake Superior, as the northern terminus of one line, and Lake Kampeska as the northwestern terminus of the other. Yet another peculiarity should be noted after the North- Western line has reached Elroy, 150 miles from Harvard Junction, and 212 miles from Chicago, another line starts off towards the north, and ends at St. Paul and Minneapolis. This will be treated of 11 its proper place a a portion of our CHICAGO, MADISON & ST. PAUL LINE. We trust you will fix in your minds the locale of these three lines, and be enabled to follow us when we come to describe the various points along them. They will be mostly treated as independent lines, as they are to a large extent. The other line running northwardly from Chicago, referred to above, is the old Lake Shore, Chicago & Milwaukee Line, and is here mentioned for the reason that it, too, reaches at Fond du Lac, the Wis- consin Division, which forms a portion of the Green Bay & Lake Supenor Line, which we propose to take up first. The Milwau- kee Line, and its connection at Fond du Lac with the Wisconsin Division, will be discussed in its proper place. With this preface, we will attempt to produce Magone Falls, near Green Bay, WIs. page 65. for your use a faint picture of the noted CHICAGO, GREEN BAY & LAKE SUPERIOR LINE. This line is formed of the Wisconsin and Peninsula Divisions of the Chicago & North- Western Railway. The first runs from Chicago, via Harvard, Janesville, Water- town, Fond du Lac and Oshkosh, to Fort Howard (Green Bay); and the last from Green Bay, via Oconto, Menomonee, Escanaba and Negaunee, to Ishpeming. in the heart of the iron region of Lake Superior, and within 12 miles of the city of Marquette. Leaving Chicago from the Depot on the corner of West Kinzie and Canal streets, it runs through the northwest suburbs of the city, out of Cook and into and through Lake and McHenry counties, in Illinois; Walworth, Rock, Jefferson, Dodge, Fond du Lac, THE CHICAGO & NORTII-WKSTERN RAILWAY. 49 Winnebago, Outagamie, Brown and Oconto counties, in Wisconsin; and Bleeker, Delta and Marquette counties in the northern peninsula of Michigan. This line is 421 miles long, without counting the many short branches that radiate from the main line near its northern ter- minus, and, with its con- nection to Marquette, gives us an all rail line, and the only one from Chicago to the shores of Lake Superior. It passes through as great a variety of scenery as can be found on any line. First, the old settled eastern part of Northern Illinois, with its suburban villages and cosy little towns; then through the grass and dairy region of Southeast- ern Wisconsin; 'then First National Hotel, Creen Bay WIs. page 66. through as fine a farming and fruit region as the West or any other country produces, followed by the pine lands of the northeastern part of that State, and of the southern portion of the northern peninsula of Michigan; then the sand hill and cedar country, along upper Green Bay and the Esca- naba river, and, finally^ in the ribbed and rock}' iron country. All this can be passed through in a summer day's jour- ney, and can be viewed and enjoyed from the luxurious seats of the Pullman Palace Coach, as it passes daily in its journey from Chicago to Marquette, or vice versa. Besides opening up the charming country along its own line, this road crosses and forms connections with a series of east and west roads, which together give entrance to all parts of the State of Wisconsin, and offer gateways to the summer resorts and fishing and shoot- ing grounds that are becoming so well and favorably known, not only over our own land, but in " the lands beyond the sea." We will now commence our trip up Cook's Hotel, Creen Bay, Wis. page 66. this hue, and having seated ourselves in the elegant coaches of the line as they stand in the West Kinzie and Canal streets- depot, we will first see what is offered for suburban patrons, and to do that, we show the commutation rates as follows : 50 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. COMMUTATION RATES WISCONSIN DIVISION. 1 u c BBTWKBN OHio^a-o ADD / \ cr. | 3 M 3 H 5| o "~ ifja E- a *S JJ tv ~ o a, g 1 3 L - i^ 3 3 1| U H * & 7. j M P ~z 5 First Hair-Yearly Ticket. Second Half. Yearly Ticket. 4 1 Maple wood .15 1 10 2.50 6 50 3 3801) 23 00 18 00 6 7 Irving Park 25 1 80 4.00 7 20 3 4800 22 00 7 6 Mont rose .27 2.00 4.60 9 10 3 54 00 33 00 25 00 8 8 Plank Road .80 2.35 5.30 11 00 3 6000 36 00 27 00 10 4 35 2 75 6.30 13 00 4 68 (10 81 00 12 1 Canfleld 40 820 7 30 15 00 7200 S3 00 13 1 Park Kidge 45 350 7.90 15 75 72 50 48 50 8350 16 6 Des Platnes 60 4.40 10.00 18.50 7700 47 CO 35 00 19 9 Mount Prospect .'0 5.30 12.00 21 50 8000 48 00 3600 22 4 Arlington Heights. . .80 5.95 13.50 23 50 8500 51 00 3300 M 1 Palatine .90 6.90 15.70 26.10 /t 95.00 57 00 4300 81 6 88.8 Harrington Gary 1.10 1.35 8.40 . 10.15 19.00 23.00 81.60 88.80 5 110.00 115.00 66.00 6800 50.00 f300 42.9 Crystal Lake } 1.50 H.35 25.80 42.90 6 120.00 7200 S} 00 50.2 McHenry J 1.75 13.30 30.15 50.20 6 64.2 Ringwood ] 1.90 14.35 32.55 54.20 6 59.7 Richmond j 2.10 15.85 35.85 59.70 6 61.5 Genoa Junction ) 2.15 16.80 36.90 61.50 6 70.2 Lake Geneva ] 2.50 18.60 42.00 70.00 6 45.7 Ridgefleld 1.60 12.10 27.50 45.70 6 125.00 73.00 56.00 51 3 Woodstock 1.80 13.60 30.80 51.00 6 150.00 90.00 67 IX) iilv Tickets limited to Six Months. All these points are amply provided with many fast trains daily to and from Chicago. Passing out of the depot, and through the northern limits of the city of Chicago, we run past MAPLEWOOD, a bright little village, and IRVING PARK, of similar char- acter, and eight miles out reach MONTROSE, a new station on.a level prairie, where we cross a railway line, and make a halt of a few seconds only, as, beyond the artesian wells, there is nothing to detain us for description. One mile further on we reach PLANK ROAD, with a population of 800 and two hotels; then one mile beyond we have NORWOOD, and two miles further, CAXFIELD; and 13 miles from Chicago, PARK RIDGE, with its 700 people, two churches, one school, one hotel, and an artesian well 1,600 feet deep, that cost $5,500, and flows water strongly medicinal, and having a local repu- tation as a powerful remedial agent. Pushing on, we get beyond the line of residence villages, and Des Plaines, 17 miles from Chicago, is reached, and is found to be a thrifty growing village of 1,500 people, located on the banks of the Des Plaines river, which is here crossed by a fine bridge. Along the river are many pleasant groves, through which roads have been opened, giving facilities for pleas- ant drives. The Methodist camp meeting grounds are contiguous to the village; on these grounds are now over 100 houses. In the village is a large brick school house, four churches, and one hotel The American, by H. & A. Ward, at $2 per day. West and East Northfleld, Wheeling, Half Day and Elk Grove, are tributary villages, six to ten miles dis- tant, and reached by stage lines. Mount Prospect, 17 miles from Chicago, is a new station. Arlington Heights, 22 miles from Chicago. This is the village that has for many years been known as Dunton. It is built on ground elevated 200 feet above Lake Michigan, and 75 feet above the railroad track, yet water is obtained in abundance in digging wells not more than 25 feet deep. The town was laid out in 1853, and now has 1,500 inhabit- ants. Considerable manufacturing is carried on one concern employing 150 men, and another (a brass foundry) employs 100 men. In the town are five public parks, adorned with flowers and shrubs, one school, in a house that cost $10,000; three churches, a steam flour mill, two grain elevators and three hotels. Marl and peat beds are found in the vicinity, and are worked to some extent. Lake Zurich, a pleasant summer resort, seven miles north- west, Elk Grove, two miles south, and Long Grove, two miles north, are tributary. - Palatine, 26 miles from Chicago, This village, with its 1,500 inhabitants, is on the borders of tho THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN' RAILWAY. 51 , by this route 43 miles from the county is very evenly divided between prairie and timber. In the county are thirteen flour mills run by water, twenty-seven cheese factories, and twenty-three butter factories. What is now Wood- stock was until 1844 known as Centreville, and as- such had been the county seat for 7 years. The name was changed at request of the then County Clerk, and was named after Woodstock, Vermont. The city is built on a ridge running between Fox and Rock rivers, and has 2,500 inhabitants, a county court house, a theatre, four public halls, one hotel. The Waverly hou.sc, having 60 rooms, and several manufactories. The Woodstock Pickle Factory- employs 50 men, and uses of cucumbers 34,000 bush- els, cabbage 10,000 tons, cauliflower 1,000 tons, and equally large lots of other vegetables yearly; in 1875 it produced over f 350,000 worth of pickles. Teal Lake, Negaunee, Mich. page 70. From a painting by E. Schrottky, of Ni-raunee. Chicago. At this point we cross the Fox RIVEB BRANCH of the C. & N.-W. fiy, and can, via this route, reach Lake Geneva, as stated elsewhere. Crystal Lake has a population of 1,000, and is built 1 y 2 miles from the lake of the same name, which was named from its purely clear waters. From this lake thousands of tons of ice are cut and yearly shipped to Chicago and more southern points. The village was laid out in 1855, and has good schools, four churches, and several manufactories, amongst which are pickling and canning establishments that alone occupy $400,000 of capital, and 200 to 300 men. Its hotels are The Hyett House, and Ashton's. Kidgefielcl, 46 miles from Chicago. This station is built on the edge of a large tract of timber, has 500 inhabitants, a good school, one church, fine fishing and shooting in its vicinity, and is surrounded by as fine farming land as is to be found in the State. Woodstock, 51 miles from Chicago. This is the county seat of McHenry county, which was organ- ized in 1836, named after Col. Wm. McHenry, of Filackhawk War fame, has 26,000 inhabitants, and is one of the richest, most productive, and most thickly settled counties in the State. The land of The northern portion of the C. & N.-W T . Ry. wa8 first projected by citizens of Woodstock, who lent their aid in its building, and all through its earlier trials. Kishwaukee, 56 miles from Chicago, a station without an agent. Harvard, 62 miles from Chicago. This city is built on the brow of a hill, which descends to- wards the south, and is crowned (in the back ground) by a forest of hard woods. Its situation is picturesque, and from its streets many charming views of the highly cultivated and beautiful sur- rounding country may be enjoyed. The KENOSHA & ROCKFORD DIVISION of the Chicago & North- western Railway here crosses the line we are de- scribing, and. here also the CHICAGO, MADISON & ST. PAUL LINE diverges toward the northwest. When reading about this last-named line, please remember that it follows the Wisconsin Division, or the Green Bay & Lake Superior Line, to this point, but is an independent and distinctly different line beyond this station. Harvard is growing rapidly; 60 residences were erected in the town in 1874, and over 100 in 1875. It contains over 3,000 people, three grain elevators, flour mills, wagon and sash, THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 53 door and blind factories, good schools, a fine public hall ("Ayer's"), that cost $15,000, and will seat 600 persons; four churches, two hotels The Walker, with 20 rooms, and last, but not least, the veil- known and admirably kept Ayer's Hotel, of which the proprietor. Judge Ayer, is known far and wide as eminently the hotel keeper of Northern Illinois. This house is a regular dining hall for this road, and on its tables, at all seasons of the year, are found not only the substantiate, but all the delicacies of the table; game and iMi are always to be had, and it ifl no stretch of truth to say, that its tables-always "groan " with the good things of this life. At this point the railroad company has a repair and ma- chine shop, with a brick round house for 18 engines. Two malthouses are in content operation, and pro- duce over 100,100 bushels of malt yearly. Ayer^t Corners, five miles north, is reached by stage daily for 50 cts. Twin Lakes, a popular fishing resort, i 20 miles distant. A line of stages runs to the shores of Lake Geneva, from whence passengers are taken by steamer to the village of Geneva, at the .foot of the lake. Ijiwrence, 65 miles from Chicago, is a village of 200 souls, built on J'iskasaw Creek- the Big Foot Prairie which was the home of a celebrated Indian chief, called " Big Foot." Passing out of the State of Illinois, we find the southern line of Wisconsin close to the next station. WISCONSIN. The ' Badger State " is yearly becoming more widely and more favorably known to the summer tourist, and to the seeker after rural pleasures. While comparatively a new State, it is yet old in many respects. As long ago as the middle of the 17th century, it was visited by French missionaries and traders, who took home with them glowing accounts of the fertility of its soil; of the splendor of its scenery; of the fresh- ness of its odorous pine- clad hills; of its flashing, dazzling, rapid running streams, full of many kinds of fish; of its clear, deep, cold, pure and beau- tiful lakes, of which the State has many hundreds ; and of its delightful, balmy and invigorating summer climate. The stories of these advan- tages were not lost on the beauty-loving French, and soou colonies were formed for the settlement of this beautiful "Xeekoospara," as they had learned to call from the Indians the coun- try we now name Wiscon- sin. It may rightly then be inferred that the French were the first whites to make homes along the bays, lakes and rivers of and animals, that are evidently the work of a race different from those who possessed the country at the period of the arrival of the French. At Aztalan, Iron Mine and Ore Train, near Negaunee, Mich. page 7O. this well favored land. Prairie dn Chien, La Crosse, Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Menomonee, anrt many other now flourishing towns or cities, were founded by the French, and in in: ny of them can yet be found the descendants of the early pioneers. Objects of Interest to Tourists. Scattered, if we may so speak, all over the State, can be found objects of interest to the lover of the picturesque, and not a few of interest to the anti- quary- Scattered over her undulating plains are (ound earthworks, modeled after the forms of men in Jefferson county, is an ancient fortification, 1,700 feet long and 900 feet wide, with walls five to six feet high and more than 20 feet thick; this, with another near the Blue Mounds, near Madison, re- sembles a man in a recumbent position. Another, near Madison, in Bane county, resembles a turtle; one at the south end of "The Devil's Lake," in Sauk county, closely resembles an eagle; and one near Cassville, in Grant county, on the Mississippi river, resembles the extinct mastodon. The Blue Mounds, in Dane county, rise to 2,000 feet above the surrounding country, and are prominent landmarks 54 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. in that prairie country. This State shares with Min- nesota the beautiful Lake Pepin, an expansion of the Mississippi river, mostly walled in by precipi- tous shores which rise in places to 500 feet. Con- nected with almost every cliff or promontory along the shores of this beautiful lake, are legends of the Indians who formerly had homes here. Along the rivers of this State are found many beautiful falls, rivaling those of older States: In the St. Louis river are " The Dalles,'' which have a descent of 320 feet. The Dalles of the St. Croix are also well known. Quinncssec Falls, in Menomonee river, have a per- pendicular pitch of over 50 feet, and a general de- Bcent of 150 feet in a mile and a half, besides many other rapids, where the river tosses and dashes through narrow and tortuous denies. Chippewa Falls and Big Bull Falls might also be noted. Along the Wisconsin river are many grand and pic- turesque views; in Eichland county the banks of .he river rise to a height of 200 to 250 feet, and in auk county it passes through narrow gorges where ,he banks rise to 500 to 600 feet elevation. Grand- father Bull Falls, the greatest rapids of the Wiscon- sin river, are in north latitude 45, and are a series of cascades breaking through a ridge 150 feet perpen- dicular height, for a distance of nearly two milesi on (he same river, near latitude 44, is Petenwell Peak, an oval mass of rock, 900 feet long by 300 wide and 200 high, and from which commanding views can be obtained. About 70 feet of the upper portion of this rock is cut and split iuto fantastic shapes, many of the fragments resembling castles, towers and turrets. A few miles from this rock is Fortification Rock, which rises perpendicularly several hundred feet. At The Dalles this river is compressed for five or six miles between red sand- stone bluffs, averaging over 100 feet in height. The principal lakes are Lake Winnebago, in the southeastern portion of the State this lake is about 30 miles long and 10 miles wide, and communicates with Green Bay (an arm of Lake Michigan) through. Fox or Neenah river Horicon Lake, Devil's Lake, Lake Koshkonong, Lake Geneva, Lake Zurich, and the four lakes around Madison; these are the larger Jakes of this lake-studded State. Along all the rivers of the State, and at their "heads," hundreds of little lakes are found, like gems glittering in the sunshine. Ishpeming, Mich. Its Hotel page 71. Sharon, 71 miles from Chicago. The first station we reach after crossing the State line is Sharon, a village of 2,000 people, in Walworth county. A Jocal history says: " Sharon village and township are situated- in the extreme southeast portion of the county, on the Chicago & North-Western Railway. The township contains two villages, Sharon and Allen's Grove, on the Western Union Railroad. The land is all valuable, there being no lakes or swamps. The business of Sharon village is in a thriving and healthful condition. The village has several churches and hotels, one newspaper, one academy, and one public school building. Its population in 1870 was 1,865. The first settler in this town was John Reeder, who came the latter part of 1836 or first of '37. He made a claim and broke the first ground. Soon after came Josiah Topping, and settled at Topping's Corners. Here he built the first frame house, and here was erected the first school house in the township. The village was named for Sharon, Schoharie county, N. Y. Al- len's Grove has an academy building." Our notes show that Sharon now has two good graded public schools, a flour mill, a public hall, three churches, two hotels The Corliss and The Wolcott, and the largest cheese factory in the State. Walworth county is said to have been the first organized, in 1838, when the Territory of Wisconsin embraced the country now known as the States of Iowa. Minnesota, Wisconsin, and parts of Nebraska, and of the Territory of Dakota. In the county are 21 lakes, amongst which are Lakes Geneva, Crooked, Army, Potter's, Booth, Lulu, Como, Turtle, White- water, Bass, Holden's, Grove, Middle, Mill, dtter THE CHICAGO celebrated landlord? Koshkonong, 104 miles from Chicago. The lake of the same name is one mile distant, a, <1 is 6 miles wide and 9 miles long. Its fish are black bass, pickerel, pike, yellow and silver perch, etc. Geese, ducks, brant and swans are unusually plenti- ful in its waters. Of ducks, we have canvas backs, red heads, mallards, wora, black heads and spike tails. Wild celery grows here in great abundance, and for canvas-back ducks this lake vies with the Delaware and Potomac rivers, and with Chesapeake bay. On the banks of the lake. Koshkonong House is built, and will accommodate 100 guests; The Bingham 30, and Koshkonong Club House 70. Another hotel, that will accommodate 200, is being erected. Tobacco is a staple crop in this part of Rock county. Fort Atkinson, 111 miles from Chicago. The city was named after General Atkinson, who, dur- ing the Black Hawk war, built a fort and stockade here. It is in Jefferson county, which was organ- ized in 1836 and has over 35,000 inhabitants. Fort Atkinson has 3,000 inhabitants, and is built on both sides of Rock river. Rock Lake, Lake Mills, Rip- ley, Cambridge and Rose lakes are near, and are all noted for their excellent shooting grounds, canvas back ducks being abundant in all of them. Con- siderable manufacturing is done in the city. The North -Western Furniture Company uses $150,000 capital, and employs 200 hands; a wagon factory em- ploys 40 men ; a foundry, 30 men ; the flexible harrow factory, 40 men ; and a cheese factory, 20 men. The city has four schools and employs ten teachers. Five churches supply room for its worshipers. The Grand Mountain House, by J. H. Davie, gives homes for 50 guests, at $2.00 per day. There are several mineral springs near the city, two of which are especially celebrated for the cures per- formed by their waters. Whitewater, 9 miles, and Cambridge, 12 miles distant, are reached by daily stage, the first for 50 cents, and the last for 75 56 THK NOKTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. cents. Hebron is 9 miles off, and is reached three times weekly by stage for 50 cents. Jefferson, HTmiles from Chicago, the county seat of Jefferson Co. ,i s located in the centre of the county, and at the confluence of Rock and Crawfish rivers. with ample water power on the first named stream. The city has 3,000 inhabitants, two fine graded schools, fine county buildings, Bracing's Hall, fitted up as a theatre, and capable of seating 600 persons ; three banks, one newspaper, an excellent fire depart- ment, numbers of churches, one flour mill, one rope walk, a pork-packing establishment, six hotels, with*, another nearly completed, .a fine city hall, and many first-class business blocks, built of cream- colored (Milwaukee) brick. It has several flourish- ing manufactories, amongst which we note The Wisconsin Manufacturing Company, furniture, using $80,000 capital, and employing 80 hands; the Jefferson Woolen Mill Co., employing 30 hands, .and making 6,000 yards of cloth, besides selling 75,000 Ibs. wool monthly ; and Copeland, Ryder & Co.'s boot and shoe factory. Commencing in 1868 with $6,COO capital, they now use $2U,OUO capital, and employ 35 men; they sell annually $50,000 worth of boots and shoes, and proudly boast that they have never been obliged to stop work for want of a mar- ket or from ''hard times" since the day they started. About $250,0-0 capital and over 300 men are employed in tb-: various manufacturing estab- lishments of this ity. The Jefferson Liberal In- stitute, a high grade, non-sectarian educational establishment, is located here, as is a large Roman Catholic school, both of which are in a flourishing condition, and are largely patronized by the citi- zen* of the vicinity and of the surrounding county. Johnson's Creek, 122 miles from Chicago, has a population of 250, and is 1 mile from Rock river. It has a good school, two churches and one hotel. At Aztalan, 4 miles west, are many curious Indian mounds and ancient fortifications one, 1700 by 900 feet, quite closely resembling a prone man. Watertown, 130 miles from Chicago, is a thriv- ing city of some 10,000 people, and is built on Rock river, whoce waters are utilized by three dams across the stream. Over one hundred houses were built in the city in 1875, showing its rapid growth. It has many manufactories. It is the seat of two colleges the German Lutheran Church controlling one, the other, "The College of the Lady of the Sacred Heart," being a branch of the University (Roman Catholic) of Notre Dame, Indiana. Two large public halls. "Turners" and "The Music," will seat 1,500 people. Twenty churches and three graded schools provide for the worship and tuition of citizens and children. Five large hotels accom- modate the transient guests with first-class fare at reasonable rates. Five flour mills here make 1,000 barrels of flour daily, and furnish a market for much of the wheat that is so successfully grown in the surrounding county. Lake Mills, 10 miles south, and Oconomowoc, 12 miles east, are summer resorts, and are reached from this station over finely- graded roads. A branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul road is crossed here, and gives rail connections eastward for Oconomoivoc, 13 miles, and Pewaukee, 25 miles, and westward for Waterloo, Marshall, Sun Prairie, Lowell, Columbus, etc. Clyman, 138 miles from Chicago. Has a popu- j lation of 1,400 ; is in Do'tge county, and is a grow- | ing town, surrounded by s. fertile and thickly set- tled county. Hustijord, 8 miles distant, is tribu- tary. Juneau, 145 miles from Chicago. The county seat of Juneau county, which was named after Solomon Juneau, an early settler of Dodge county, and has 48.000 population. The village has 500 inhabitants, is built on elevated ground three miles west of Rock river; has one grain elevator, a cheese factory, a fine public school, four churches, a county court house and two hotels. Fox, Bear, Lost and Mud lakes are contiguous to the village. The Wisconsin State Prison is in the northern part of the county, at Waupun. Marys- mile^ 12 miles northeast, Hustiford,8 miles, Neosho, 11 miles, Danville, 14 miles, and Hichwood, are tributary towns off the lines of railroad. Large bodies of iron ore are mined and smelted at Iron, Mountain, 10 miles northeast. The Wis- consin and The Northwestern Iron Companies work the vein, and the last named smelt 12 to 14 tons of iron daily. Winter's mineral paint ia also made here. Minnesota Junction, 148 miles from Chicago This small village, 200 people, is an important rail- way junction, and gives us rail connections for Beater Dam, Fox Lake, Portage City, Waupun, Brandon, Berlin, Omro, and Winneconne ; pas- sengers destined for these points should buy their tickets to Minnesota Junction, or to Burnett Junc- tion (which see). At the depot at Minnesota Junc- tion is found a good hotel, kept by Thomas Young, who accommodates guests at very reasonable rates, and furnishes excellent meals. Burnett Junction, 152 miles from Chicago. This village of 200 people, is another important railway crossing point, and furnishes rail connec- tions to a large country northward. It has two good hotels, an odd-fellows' hall and a good tem- plars' hall. Fine shooiiug grounds are close to the village. Ducks, geese, swans and brant are found in countless numbers. Chester, 160 miles from Chicago. A village with 1^0 inhabitants. It has one hotel, with a mineral spring in connection, good school, and much excellent shooting on the lloricon marshes, which are close by. Kekaska, Maysville, Byron and Waupun (the latter with a population of 3,000, and reached by daily stage, ) are tributary, and seek the C. & N. W. R'y here. Oak Centre, 165 miles from Chicago, is a vil- lage of 200 souls, in-the midst of a fine farming country. Oakfield, 168 miles from Chicago, has 400 inhabitants, one hotel, one school, two churches, three flour mills, and only one saloon its people, being strictly temperate, discourage the use of spirituous liquors or their sale Darling's Gap, a popular local summer resort, is H miles from the station. Mayville, 14 miles southeast, is reached weekly (Wednesdays) by stage. Fond du t,ac, 176 miles from Chicago via this route, but only 148 miles from Chicago by our Chi- cago, Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line route, of which we shall speak hereafter. This city, with a population of 18,000 souls, is located at the south- THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. ern end of Lake Wiunebago. The growth and pros- perity of the city is 'argely dependent on its manu- factures, of which it contains many of considerable importance. The city is built upon a prairie on the banks of the Upper Fox river, and within one mile of the lake. The river is deep, and navigable up to its forks, but to meet the necessities of manufac- turers it has been bridged at various points, and navigation confined to the north channel. The scenery that surrounds the city is worthy of men- tion,- a ledge of limestone rock, elevated some 200 feet above the level of the prairie, ai.d in many cases presenting perpendicular precipices 75 to 100 feet high, borders the eastern and southern margins of the prairie on which the city is built; from the base of this ledge hundreds of springs of cool, rippling water gush out, and meander over the gent e slopes of the prairie in narrow channels to the lake. Westward from the city the ground gradually rises, alternating with prairie and tim- ber for some 25 miles. The sur- rounding country is fertile and thickly settled. The health of tlie city is and always has been good, probably in a great meas- ,nre consequent upon the water supply, there being within the city limits over 300 artesian wells out of which the purest water constantly flows from the depth of GO to 400 feet. Amongst its manufactures may be mentioned that of the celebrated La Belle Wagon, which employs 150 men; the sash, door and blind factory of C. .1. L. Meyer, (which is the largest In the United States,) in which are used over 14,000.000 feet of lumber, and from which are shipped products exceedinc $1,000,000 annually; a large steam bakery, a paper mill, an agricultural implement manu- factory, employing 150 men, and several minor manufactories. Its public schools occupy 16 buildings, which cost $120.000 and are capable of seating 3,000 scholar, its high school build- views, and the most gorgeous scenery. Beside*, Fond du Lac is surrounded with pleasant places of resort. Lake de Neveu, a beautiful sheet of water, is romantically situated about three miles south- east of the city. Eastward is Elkhart Lake, already famous for its natural beauties, and west waid lies Green Lake, a noted summer resort. On all these lakes are pleasure boats propelled by steam, wind and man power. The waters of all these lakes fur nish a plentiful and various supply of fresh-water fish, where piscatorially-inclined ladies and gentle- men can enjoy ample amusement in that line. Fond du Lac county is situated in the eastern part of the State, 23 miles west of Lake Michigan. Its central line of latitude is 43 45' north. It con- tains twenty-one organized town--, the two cities of Fond du Lac and Ripon, and sixteen flourishing 'The Point," at Duluth, Minn. pp. 76, 91. ing cost, in 1873, $45,000. It has 20 church edifices, many of which cost from $10,000 to $30,COO each. Its post office is one of the finest and most substan tial buildings of the kind in the Union. In its ma- .sonic hall, four lodges, chapters and commanderies hold their meetings; and its odd fellows have a com- modious hall, in which two lodges and an encamp- ment conduct their work. The Patty House its best hotel cost upwards of $00,000, is four stories high, and can accommodate 250 guests. The Ameri- can House cost $30,000, is first clai-s in every respect, and can accommodate 100 guests. Several yacht clubs navigate Lake Winnebago in <;legant rakish craft, for prizes in tportive contests, steamboats, with pleasure parties, often make ex- cursions around the lake, which is 35 miles long by 12 broad- the largest lake within any State of the Union whose borders furnish beautiful landscape villages, and embraces a territorial area of about 720 square miles. Its population in 1875 was 50,241. This county is one of the most beautiful and fertile tracts of land to be found in the West. Its eastern part is rolling land, origirally heavily timbered: the central and western portions undulating and rolling prairie and openings, the face of which is most beautifully picturesque. It is well watered, abound iug in numerous streams and springs, and, in many localities, flowing fountains. Lake Horicon indents its southern border, and Lake Winnebago its northern. The county presents one continuous expanse of well-cultivated farms, with commodious and tasty farm bouses, many of them very ele- gant buildings ; spacious barns and good fences, which give every evidence of the wealth, thrift and prosperity of the inhabitants. It forms a beautiful scene, with its handsome buildings and their rural 58 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATEP. surroundings of grove and plain, and cultivated slopes and winding streams, blending into one pic- ture, and stretching away as far as the eye can see. At Fond du Lac we cross the SHEBOTOAN & FOND DU LAC RAILROAD, that runs from Sheboygan, on Lake Michigan, westwardly 78 miles to Princeton. This crossing being nearly at the middle of the line, will allow us to say a few words about the western end of the road, and to leave the eastern end until we reach it from Milwaukee. Then, going' west from Fond du Lac, we change cars at a joint depot station, known as Fond du Lac Junction, and 4 miles out reach Lamartine, with 1,600 people; Eldorado. 9 miles, with 2,000 people , Posendals Green Lake is the next station, and is 6 miles west of Ripon, and one mile from the post office Dartford which is half a mile from the ever-beau- tiful and ever-attractive GREEN LAKE, so well known as a summer idling place. The natural scen- ery around Dartford is unrivaled in variety and beauty. Groves of primeval grardeur, far stretch- ing prairies and extensive lake views greet the eye from every point. The grounds around the lake have been terraced, furnished with swings, prome- nades, and otherwise ornamented, to render them pleasant and attractive. The lake averages a length of 15 miles, and a width of 3 miles. Its banks vary from beautiful grassy elopes to high rocky cliffs, The Northwestern Hotel, Marquette, Mich., on C. & N.-W.Ry. page 72. and West Rosendal <, pretty little stations, and, 20 miles from Fond du Lac, reach RIPOX, a beautiful little city of 3,500 inhabitants, with a history run- ning back to 1844, when Warren Chase and his brother Fourierites. under the name of the Wiscon- sin Phalanx, settled close by, and called their village Ceresco. In 1850 they disbanded, and the Ripon of to-day began its existence. The city is in Fond du Lac county, which was organized ia 1839, and now contains over 50,000 inhabitants. Most of the land is settled, and in a highly cultivated and productive condition. Besides two fine ward schools, with ten teachers, Ripon College, with fourteen professors, has its home here, and is in a flourishing condition. Eight churches, five temperance organizatio s, a masonic lodge, two odd fellows' lodges, and a lodge of Knights of Pythias, furnish religious, moral and benevolent food for the inhabitants. Ripon has an efficient fire department, a flourishing literary and library association, several newspapers, banks, manufacturing establishments and good hotels. It is a pleasant resort for the summer guest, and he who comes once wants to come again. bordered with evergreens, presenting the greatest diversity of physical character, and affording' un- ' limited natural advantages for pleasing and romantic rambles. Its waters are very pure, and so transpar- ent that their pebbly bed may be seen at a depth of from 20 to 35 feet. A great variety and abundance of the finny tribe inhabit this beautiful sheet of water, and good fishing-boats and tackle for lovers of "sport, and excellent sail-boats for seekers of pleasure, are furnished for the accommodation of visitors. The principal hote'.s are The Oakwood and The Sherwood Forest. THE OAKWOOD is situated on the banks of Green Lake. The location of this much sought summer resort and delightful watering place is only one mile from Green Lake station and depot. Omnibus and carriages await the arrival of all trains. The Oakwood House was opened June 15th, 18f>7, and is furnished in the Btyle of a first-class house. The tables are unsurpassed by those of the best hotels in the United States. Accommodations for all innocent and pleasant amusements have been amply provided. Great THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 59 care has been given to furnishing pastimes both for the pailor and lawn, for persons of all ages, so that thu most indifferent cannot complain of ennui. In addition to former attractions, a new and bcautilul steamboat has been placed on Green Lake. Parties can visit any of the attractive places on its shores on short notice, with pleasure and comfort. Ponies, perfectly at home under the saddle, and in harness, expressly for ladies and children ; horses, carriages and light buggies ; beautiful shady groves; health, comfort and happiness and all at reasonable rates. To one of the most healthy locations upon the continent, shut away from the city where contagion spreads its blight and disease spends its fury, indi- viduals and families may resort and spend a summer with invig- orating and pleasurable results. One journal says: "If our peo- ple had known of there being a place of this kind with such a beautiful lake, such fine fibbing and duck shooting, rowing and sailing, shady groves, walks and drives, you would have been filled up from our city alone." Another says: " The most beau- tiful sheet of cold spring water in the world, a perpetual cool breeze, fine fishing, good shoot- ing, shady groves and f n*e from MOSQUITOES; in fact, we pro- nounce it the most healthy spot in all America." Another: "This is a most charming spot, nd w who have spent the summer here are loth to leave it. If we could only take this beautiful lake with us, and have it where the eye could for- ever rest upon it, how charming it wo-.ld be. The Green Lake fish are noted for being particu- larly delicious, and the fishers are busy filling orders for St. Louis and other cities; and it is so cool here, the thermometer has not once been above 90 de- grees, and the air is bracing and pure." Another calls it the Lake George of Wisconsin. " A modest world of land and water beauties too little cultivated by hunters after charming scenery and healthful air. It is a fairy land of wonderful fascinations; and the weary of body and mind, or the despondent and languid invalid, and no less the strong and healthful, will find both body and mind invigorated, and the soul elevated, by a sojourn among the picturesque beauties of that lovely lake." Green Lake, always locally regarded as " a thing of beauty " and " a joy forever," was unknown to tourists till eight years ago, when David Greenway, I'sq.. making a horoscope of Its dark green waters, aw multitudes of pleasure seekers on its beautiful i-liorec, and immediately made provision for the v.ingnard of his fancied host by erecting The C.ikwood, since which time, year by year. Green Lake has grown famous, till now, there is no end of the pretty things said of it. SHERWOOD FOREST, J. C. Sherwood, proprietor. This charming hotel, which was opened on the 15th of May, 1875, is embowered in and environed by a hundred acres of grand old oaks, lying with gentle gradealong the north shore of Green Lake. Itis with- in two miles of Green Lake station, on the Sueboy- gan & Fond du Lac Railroad. Omnibuses and car- riages are always awaiting arrival of trains. The hotel is a large, inviting structure, with broad veran- das, large, airy rooms and halls, and supplied with all the appointments of first-class summer resort . It was commenced in the spring of 1874, partially completed, and partially openid for a few weeks Isat This, however, i* ite first bow to the public. Cltche-Cumme, near Marquette, Mich. page 72. A billiard house and bowling alleys, together with the popular lawn games, are provided. The whole forest is woodland lawn, gently slop- ing to the pebbly shore, and while the proprietor has opened some special avenues, nature has fur- nished uninterrupted drives and promenades every- where. The scenery partakes of the beautiful, picturesque and almost romantic, rather than the grand and sublime. Nature here speaks in dulcet whisperings, where one might almost expect to greet nymphs and mermaids, satyrs and fauns. Here and there rustic seats and swings, pendant from the high, fur-reaching branches, invite rest. The outlook from the grounds, as well as the piazza, is truly magnificent a perfect kaleidoscope, taking in extensive prairies, woodlands and cultivated fields, as well as the entire lake, with its indenta- tions and exquisite Settings of bluffs and ever- greens, grassy slopes and pprpendicular ledces. GO THE KOUTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. Of this place a writer says: "Sherwood's Point, on the west side of the lake, IB widely known. It has probably been the scene of more picnics and celebrations than any similar area in the Mi:e. Daring the season of open air pleasures, there is a constant succession cf carriages from Berlin, Ripon, Fond du Lac, and adjoining towns, and it ie no unustuil thing to find a dozen different coteries distributed about the grounds. La'e last season, Mr. J. C. Sherwood opened a Urge and well- appointid hotel, as a nucleus of the delightful re- sort known as Sherwood Forest. The view from the ver.ind'is comprises a complete circuit of the lake and broken shores, while the immediate sur- roundings are especially pleasant. The drives are tastefully 1 iid out, care being taken, in uprooting and trimming, not to detract from the rustic charm of the primitive woods. The generous patron- age received by the Sherwood Forest, (in its then scarcely prepared state), as a debutante, is an assur- ance of its future. It requires no prophetic keen- ness of vision to see that Green Lake, with its attractive nooks, pure air and healthful climate. Is developing into a resort no whit less recheiche than that other popular inland watering i iace Saratoga, In recognition of the beauties, some of its visitors have expressed themselves in a very substantial manner, by erecting pretty villas and nice summercottages. " The various otl-er things combin- ing to make the complement jf such a resort will be found at the Forest, such as horses and carriages, boats and boatnvr.. Li.tns, cold and hot; also, the kindly herd corain^ from the clover fields, to yield their sweet, rict milk to the Forest tables. On the north side of the lake can also be found The Walker House. Whitmore Brothers will this summer finish and open another hotel, that will ac- commodate 100 guests. Collins has a fine farm house oil the south side of the lake, and will accom- modate summer boarders with the choicest "farm house " board. W. M. Lockwood has a steamer on the lake that will carry 100 persons. " Green lake is three miles wide end fifteen miles Ion?, and has less of civ;l zation ami more of weird natural grandeur than any of the Wisconsin lakes I have yet seen. It is never as mirror-like and tranquil as the transparent waters of Lake Geneva, but it is full of re.-onant airs, and deep, sobbing monotones, and has inonious sea-like music. Its borders are fringed with gr..ud forcs-t trees; not the transparent, slender, curled darlings of art, but the stitely, indigenous growth of Indian soil. Huge boulders of rock lie in rows along its edge, as if, at some remote time, a race of giant children had played there, and set them out in even rows. The waters are lull of fish -perch and pickerel and black bass. The season for summer visits lasts till November, and even then tourists go reluctantly away, lingering till they light out-door fires to keep warm while they pay their devotions to Nature. The woods, in October, are marvelously beautiful, after the frost has touched the trees, and each one Inngs out its lovely, gay-colored banners of death. The air has r.t all times a health-giving inspiration, that goes down deep into the lungs, and diffuses new life into the tired, languid system, and you g home to the hotel with an appetite that fills the heart of the caterer with delight. ' This is a favorite resort of the St. Louisians; so much so, that several wealthy citizens of that city have cTrcti-d permanent homes oil the. i-hores of the lake, and now spend the summer mouths here. The Only Route to Green Lake. The onlyrou'e by which you should attempt t" reach Green Lake is via the Chicago & North- Western Railway. Take the train from the co ner of West Kinzie and Canal straets, via the Wisconsin Division, and go to Fond du Lac; at that point yon leave this road, a .d take the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad for Green Lake Station. Or, yon can leave from the above-named depot, and go via the Milwaukee Division, to Milwaukee, then change cars, and take the train that runs over the Milwau- kee & Fond du Lac Air Line, for Fond du Lac aijd Green Like. The train leaving Milwaukeebv this last-named route will have through cars for Green Lake, so th>it. by either route, you will have t sc' ool and one church. OshUosh, 194 miles from Chicago. Population, 17,000. In 1073, Marquette started from Green Bay, and passing up the Lower Fox, came upon the lovely inland sea of Lake Winnebago, and was enrap- turod with the beautiful \ision of nature that here spread before him, comming- ling woodland, opening and lake, glimmering like a gem in its emerald setting, and stretching away in the dim distance among the hazy points and headlands. The present eke of Osh- kosh was the favorite stop- ping place of the early ex- plorers, who were attracted by the great beauty and commercial advantages of the situation, and the delightful and fertile country adjoining, now known as Winnebago county. The first settlers came as traders, and fixed a trading post there in 1818, near the head of Lake Buttes des Morts, where the Indian trail between Forts Winnebago and Howard crossed Wolf river. This was immediately before the Indians were forced to leave their ancient hunting grounds a distinct period a line between barbarism and civilization ; an era of that gleamed, with the opaline light, the waters of Green Lake, that iiestled at our feet. At every glance some new feature of beauty was added; a white- winged ship; a tent, white and fair, amid the green foliage of the banks; the blue, curling smoke of an Indian encampment, just across the narrowest turn of the lake; and, directly near, the handsome grounds of Oakwood House, ornamented with swings and rustic seat?, and summer house?, and croqnet lawn?, with a spice of evergreens in the air, and a buoyancy of atmosphere that made one glad of life, and health, and Heaven." If thon art worn and hard beeet With sorrows that thou would'st forget; If thou would'st read a lesson that will keep Thy heart from fainting, and thy soul from ileep Go to the wood* and hills ! No tears Dim the sweet look that Nature wears. wild, romantic mingling of the elements of barbaric and civilized life the French and the Indian ; of daring adventure and patient endurance. Here was the paradise of Indian life, his choicest hunting grounds, its waters teeming with fish, and its woods, pastures and rich prairies filled with game. Here was fought one of the most bloody battles that ever took place, between the French, under the command of De Lovigny, and the warlike nations of the Sacs and Foxee. Tho Indians were fortified by ditches and palisades, which the French leader carried by assault. Hundreds of the Indian* were slain in the contest, and were buried on the spot. The Tumuli or Mounds, indicating their burial place, gave to the spot the name of " Buttes des Morts" (Hills of the Dead), and which also originated the name of Lake Buttes des Morts, on the northwestern boundaries of this city. 62 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. Many were the wild scenes of frontier life that transpired here during the early occupancy of the French traders ; incidents that would make a vol- ume in themselves, and which are interwoven in- separably with its history. During the year 1836, a treaty was made at Cedar Rapids with the Menomonee Indians, by Governor Dodge, acting as commissioner, which resulted in the cession to the United States of over 4,000,000 acres of land, lying north of Fox river and west of Lake Winnebago. The city was incorporated in 1853. At this time the population was about 2,500. The great event for Oshkosh was the extension of the Chicago & North- Western Eailway to this place, giving it connection by rail with the outside Beaumont House, Green Bay page 66. world. The first train arrived on the 13th of October, 1859. The city of Oshkosh is situated on one of the finest commercial sites in the Northwest, at the mouth of the Upper Fox river, on the western shore of Lake Winnebago. It is a situation of great natural beauty, overlooking the picturesque lake and river scenery of the vicinity. Lake Winnebago and the Fox and Wisconsin rivers formed the great com- mercial highway of the Northwest before the age of railroads, and many a glowing description was then written of the beautiful lake and river country now called Winnebago county of its lovely prai- ries, openings and woodlands, its magnificent lakes and broad rivers, its fertile soil and salubrious cli- mate. The site of Oshkosh is a tract with an ele^ vation from 12 to 20 feet above the level of the lake. The city extends for a distance of nearly three miles from the shore of Lake Winnebago up the Fox river to Lake Buttes des Morts, occupying the tract between the'two lakes, and covering a ter- ritorial area of nearly eight square miles. Among the popular amusements are steamboat pleasure excursions to the various points on the lake, yachting and regattas, and drives through the beautiful surrounding country. SURROUNDING COUNTRY. The adjacent country, and that stretching away from here to the south- west for hundreds of miles, is the richest agricul- tural district to be found in the habitable world. Its surface is undulating prairie and openings, with its rivers and lakes skirted with timber. The scenery of this combined woodland, prairie, lakes and rivers is surpassingly beautiful; disclosing picturesque rivers which stretch away in the far dis- tance like the varying pictures of a lovely pano- rama. The rivers and lakes abound in fish and water fowl, and the woodlands in game. The facil- ities for rural and aquatic sports have already made the locality famous for these enjoyments. OSHKOSH AS A SUMMER RESORT AND WATERING PLACE. This city possesses a rare combination of natural features for a delightful summer resort and watering place. The climate is not surpassed in healthfulness; the air is pure and dry; and the invigorating breezes from the lake temper the heats of summer; the ___ scenery is lovely ; the lake a most mag- nificent sheet of water with beautiful 2;1W = : shores, and good harbors that are acces- sible in .every direction, thus affording ~ the best of yachting facilities. The sur- rounding country is beautiful, with excellent roads, affording delightful drives and picturesque views of lake and river scenery. Wild game is abun- dant in the vicinity, and is composed of blue and green-winged teal, mallard and wood duck, snipe, woodcock, quail and prairie chickens. The waters abound in black and white bass and other fish, and brook trout are plentiful in streams within a day's travel. The city has suffered fearfully from fires, but, like the fabled Phoenix, it has arisen from its ashes stronger and bet- ter after each calamity. As a lumber- making point it is surpassed by few in any land. The State Normal School and the North- ern Wisconsin Insane Hospital are located here. It has a fine brick court house, a high school and sev- eral ward public school buildings, a fine masonic hall, a large number of churches, and many manu- factories. Of its hotels, The Beckwith, The Revere, The Tremont, The International and The Seymour rank high. Wolf river is navigable for 150 miles from Oshkosh, and on it lines of steamers, connect- ing daily with the trains of the C. & N.-W. R'y, for Buttes des Morts, Winneconne, Tuston, Mor- ton's Landing, Fremont, Gill's Landing, Weyau- wega, Soyalton, Norlhport, New London, and Shawano. Another line of steamers also runs for Omro, Eureka and Berlin by the Upper Fox river. State Hospital, 198 miles from Chicago, is the station for the State Hospital for the Insane, which is 50 rods from the shores of Lake Winnebago; cost $1,500,000, and can accommodate 600 patients. It is under the care of Dr. Walter Kempster, late of Utica, N. Y. On an Island in Lake Winnebago, H miles from the shore, is a summer hotel, by Joseph Heath, of Oshkosh, which can be reached hourly in sum- mer by steamers from the hospital pier. Snells, 202 miles from Chicago, is an unimpor- tant station, with some 100 inhabitants. THE CHICAGO & NOKTH-WKSTEUN I\AII.\V.VY. 63 Neenali and Menasha, 207 miles from Chi- cago. These two important cities are linked to- gether here, as they are where located, as one station serves both, and although disunited mimic ipally, are united in fortunes and in their hopes for the future. Together they contain about 7,500 people. MENASHA, being situated at the foot of Lake Winnebago and Lake Buttes des Morts, and cm- bracing part of Doty's Island, furnishes pictur- esque and entertaining scenery, unsurpassed by any Western town. The cl.muie is unexcelled in salubrity, and no place on the continent is freer from epidemics. The air is mild and bracing and yields a vigor and endurance to the sys:em, that is above all price. outlet of Lake Winnebago. The present population is over 4,000. The city and town is without a cent of indebtedness, either bonded or otherwise, and consequently the rates of taxation are very low. The graded schools of the city are noted through- out this section for their thoroughness and effi- ciency. The streets are graded and graveled, and lined with good sidewalk*. The business portion of the city is built np with fine brick blocks, and every thing betokens thrift and prosperity. No city in the State can produce a better showing, in th way of growth and prosperity during the past sea- son (1875) than Necnah, a bona fide list of new mills, stores, residences and improvements footing up $400,000 in round numbers. Four paper mills, employing 160 men: stove works, 40 men; seven The Lakeside Hotel, Madison, Wis.. on C. & N.-W. Ry.- page SO. Lake Winnebago provides boating, sailing and bathing facilities. Steamboats ply on its limpid waters, and sailing vessels can always be had, fur- nishing ample means for pleasure excursions. Row boats are kept In connection with The Na- tional Hotel, and will always be at the service of guests, furnishing a most agreeable and healthy exercise on the ever placid waters of Fox river and adjacent bays of the lake. In connection with other sports, fish and game are plenty, and the sportsman need have no lack of pleasurable nov- elties. Considerable manufacturing is carried on in the city, wood-working in various forms being particu- larly prominent. It has four flour mills, and attracts trade from the surrounding country fo many miles. Our depot is on Doty's Island. NEENAH. The city of Neeuah Is located in the county of Winnebago, and most romantically and beautifully situated on the Fox river, and at the flour mills, stave and barrel factories, plow works, twelve churches, a public (' Germania ") hall, that cost $15,000, and will seat 1,000 persons; several good school houses, a hotel The Russell House- just finished, that, will accommodate 100 guests, together with its miles of busy streets strongly attest the character of the city we have inNeenah. Wildfang's mineral spring is near the city, and has more than a local reputation for its remedial power*. Riverside Park, a finely cultivated and adorned public park, will well repay a visit; it is on the banks of Fox river. No locality can offer better facilities for fishing, boating and shooting than can be found in this vicinity. Weat Menusha, 209 miles from Chicago, is a joint depot at the crossing of the WISCONSIN CEN- TRAL RAILROAD, that here gives us rail connections f r Gill's Landing, Weyauieega, Waupaca, Amherst, Stevens' Point, Marshfleld and Worafter. Appleton, 214 niiles north of Chicago. The Lower Fox River Valley embraces a section of 64 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. country situated between Lake Winnebago and Green Bay. From northeast to southwest it extends a distance of 50 miles, and from northwest to southeast about 40 miles. The valley is inter- sected by the 44th parallel of latitude, and its cli- mate, therefore, is similar to that which obtains in Southern Minnesota, Central Michigan, Central New York, and in the southern part of Vermont and New Hampshire. From the time of its earliest settlement it has been noted for its health-giving elements. Even in early times it was free from sectional epidemics. As a place of residence, the Fox River Valley presents every attr.ction which is at all desirable. Pyramid Rock, Devil's Lake, WIs., on C. & N.-W. Ry.-page 81 civilization which has ita outcome and expression in Outagamie county. The capital city of this county is the old " Grand Chute " of early times, or the APPLETOX of to-day, a town long known to- many tourists for the beauty of her surroundings, and in business circles for her energy and enter- prise. Wisconsin can boast no more charming summer resort than is this little city, bathed by a broad and rapid running river, and on the east approached by wild ravines and brilliant forests; on the west by fields of yellow wheat, gay apple orchards, and the finest farm lands of the State. The well-known Telulah Springs are at the east- ern extremity of the city, in a charming point on the brink of the river, and at the foot of a magnificent nat- nral beech and maple grove of full 50 acres. The water of these springs, which is crystal- clear, pours from the hillside near the stream, and has been carried into reservoirs, about 14 feet above the level of the river, the amount of the sup- ply being quite 6,000 gallons everyday. As stated by an ana- lytical chemist, "Telulah Springwater contains the same salts in abont the same pro- portion as the Bethesda," and like that celebrated spring, in curative qualities is unsur- passed, having peculiar effi- cacy in Blight's disease, dia- betes, all kidney affections, dropsy, etc. This spring, to- gether with Bethesda, holds high rank even in a State which flows with fountains, and is filled with mineral and medici- nal waters. The spring lies near the foot of the 'Grand Chute rapids, formed by the swift decline in the river bed of 50 feet within a mile, and its surroundings are lovely and remarkable. The formation of the vulley in which it is found is curious, and its story of the greatest interest Some of the remarkable "burial mounds" of the State are within the dis- The scenery which borders the majestically-flowing | stream, the variegated beauty of woodland and meadow, and finely-cultivated farms, the pleasant undulations of valley and hillside, the roar of the cataract, the grace and curve and dash of the swift- rushing current, all combine to minister to the esihetic as -well as to the practical wants of the people of this valley. In the centre of the valley of the Fox. through which lay the celebrated pathway of "La Pere Marquette," down to the Mississippi a valley which is thickly Mf ted with the ashes of the past, and is the heart of the historic interest of the State; the scene of her most bloody Indian wars, and the home of ialf her legends and traditions in the centre of this valley has sprung up a swift tance of a pleasant ride, and near these are several of the rock-traced pictures and inscriptions of a pro-historic race. The river abounds in fish, the wild rice tracts are filled with ducks, and the woods with much small game. APPLE-TON is easily accessible to the great centres. It has now a popu- lation of about 8 000, and as a manufacturing point, has great importance in the State. It is well shaded, and is threaded by delightful drives, and filled with pleasant homes. In educational advantages the city stand-* without a peer within the State. Law- rence University is here located, and the general school system is of the highest grade. The tone of society is moral to a high degree ; the citizens are law abiding and industrious, enterprising, ambi- tions and hospitable. Finally, the climate is delight- THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. ful. The heats of summer and the frosts of winter are tempered, both, by nearness to the great lakes of the North, and altogether no more delightful watering place, or charming summer home can be discovered anywhere within the limits of a noble State. Hotel and boarding house accommodations are ample and first class. Little Chute, 219 miles from Chicago, is a German village of 200 persons. Kaukauna, 221 miles from Chicago. Popula- tion, 800. Wrightstown, 226 miles from Chicago. Popula- tion. 1.400. These are thrifty villages, surrounded by a fertile fanning coun- try, and good shooting and fishing grounds. Deer and bear are not scarce, while woodcock, snipe, ducks, geese, partridge, pheasants and smaller game abound. Otto Gut- trer, a noted hunter, lives at Wrightstown, and is always glad to show the stranger where gume is to be found. This village has some large saw mills, in one of which 60 men find work day and night. The American is its best hotel. SnidersvilU, Hol- landtown and Askeaton, are tributary villages. Little Kaukauna. 231 miles from Chicago, is merely a way station. De Pere, 236 miles from Chicago, is a thriv- ing manufacturing city of 4,000 people, built on both recall the memories of the past; while the modem city, with its spacious and elegant hotels, its fine school houses and other public buildings, its large and well-filled stores, and its beautiful private residence?, make a pleasing contrast with the remains of the past. The city is surrounded on all sides but one by water; lying in the point of land at the confluence of the Fox and East rivers, and about a mile from the mouth of the former. Both of these rivers are navigable for steamers, the Fox river being navi- gable for the largest class of lake vessels. It has also connection, through the GRKEN BAT & MIN- The Cliff House, Devil's Lake, WIs. page 82. sides of the Upper Fox river, and is reached by the largest lake steamers. Two extensive iron smelting furnaces here employ many men, and weekly produce large quantities of fine pig metal. The De Pere iron works manufacture railway cars. The city has fine schools, public as well as secta- rian; eight churches, and one fair hotel. The Oneida Indian reservation is 3% miles west, and has on it 1,600 semi-civilized Indians. Fort Howard and Green Bay, 242 miles from Chicago. FORT HOWARD is on the west side of Fox river, one mile from its month, opposite to Green Bay, and connected with it by four bridges. It was an early military post, hence its name, and yet has some citizens who were drawn here by its soldier attractions. It has one hotel, a newspaper, and a fine growing business. The population con- sists of about 4,000 i-ouls. GREEN BAY is noted as having been one of the first settlements made by white men here the ban- ner of the Cross was first erected, and here the first mass said, '.n the territory now included within the limit* of the State of Wisconsin and is almost without a rival in the State in the inducements it offers to summer tourists, or to those who desire a cool and pleasant retreat from the heat and mala- ria of the South. The ancient settlement has nearly passed away, but there remains sufficient to NKSOTA RAILWAY, with Winona, Sf. Paul and Minneapolis, and all the magnificent scenery of Northern Minnesota. It is connected with both shores of Green Bay by comfortable and convenient steamers. A line of steamers connects with the trains of the Chicago & North-Westcrn Railway, and makes tri-wcekly trips up the ea'st coast of Green Bay, making landings t Fish River, Stur- geon Bay, and other ports on that shore. Green Bay, with its suburbs, contains a popula- tion of 12,000 to 15.COO persons. It is noted for the hcalthfulness of its climate enjoying almost en- tire immunity from all epidemic diseases. The city is laid out with great precision and regularity its streets being all broad and straight, and ihe most of them are shaded by rows of magnificent old maples, elms and poplars on either side, that, in some cases, interlace their boughs in the centre; this gives to the place a charming rural aspect, while at the same time it has all the advantages, comforts and refinements of a lame city. The water supply is excellent, being mostly clear, cold, living springs, gushing out from the surface of the ground, or deep artesian wells. The days are com- fortably warm, and the nights nlways deliciously cool for sleeping. For amusements, there are magnificent drives ex- tending in every direction from the city, with syl- THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. van, picturescpie scenery, beautiful cascades, and everything to please the eye. The Fox river is here about 1,500 feet wide, and 25 to 30 feet in depth, spanned by three handsome carriage and foot bridges, free to all. The river gradually ex- pands out into Green Bay, a beautiful sheet of water, 120 mile's long, with an average width of 15 miles; this gives unexcelled advantages for yacht- ing, an amusement much indulged in by the citizens and visitors. Steam yachts also ply between the city and points of interest in the vicinity. The bay has a gently shelving, gravelly or sandy beach, and bathing in the pure, crystal waters is a favorite pastime. There arc also excellent fishing grounds and plenty of fish, with good hunting in its season. There are three large, first-class hotels in the city, viz: The Beaumont House, terms, $3 per day and $17.50 per week ; Cook's Hotel, $2 per day and $8.50 to $12 per week ; and The First National Hotel, $2 per day and $9 to $12 per week. It has seven newspapers, fourteen churches, many fine schools, three public hall-, a court house that cost $40,000, and some manufactures. THE GREEN BAY & MINNESOTA RAILROAD, Running, as it does, from Green Bay westwardly across the State of Wisconsin to the city of Winona, on the Mississippi, in Minnesota, has opened up a country long destitute of much needed railroad facilities. Starting from Green Bay, it passes through the counties of Brown, Outagamie, Waupaca, Portage, Wood, Clark and Trempealeau. Pass- ing westward from Green Bay, 10 miles out we reach Oneida, the village of the Oneida Indian Reser- vation, with a popu- lation of "bout 1,600. Seymour, 17 miles from Green Bay, is in Outagamie county, and 20 miles from its county seat, Apple- ton, which is reached by stage, fare $1. Shawano, 25 miles north, and Angelica, 12 miles north, are reached by stage, daily. Seymour has a population of 1,500, two good schools, five churches, a stave and barrel factory, Skillet r eek, Devil's Lake, Wis. page 83. (From Photograph by Hoard & Tenuy, Winona, Minn.). employing 75 men ; a wagon stock foun- dry, employing 20 men; a hub and spoke factory, employing 25 men; a spoke factory, employing 15 men, and a lumber and shingle mill, employing 30 men-; two hotels The Wisconsin House, By Louis Fisher, and The Seymour, by Otto Bechener, each with 15 rooms, and charging $1.50 per day furnish accommodations for transient guests. The railroad was built through the village in 1871. The surrounding country is heavily timbered, and the forests are full of deer, bear and small game. Black Ureek, 24 miles out, and Shiocton, 31 miles, are small villages. New London, 39 miles from Green Bay, having a population of 2,500, is in Waupaca county, 20 miles from the city of Waupaca, the county seat, which is reached, during the season of navi- THK CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. gallon, by steamers on the Wolf and Waupaca rivers, and by stage during the winter. New London is built at the confluence of the Wolf and Embarras rivers. The sur- rounding country is heavily covered with hard wood timber, and has a deep, black soil, which is very productive under cultivation. The city has two large ward school houses and one German academy, six churches, several manufactories, and six hotels. Northport, Royalton, Ogdensburg, Scandinavia, Amherst, and Plover, are thrifty vil- lages, with a population of from 100 to 1,200 each. Grand Rapids, 96 miles from Green Bay, with a population of 2,000, is the county seat of Wood county which was organized in 1856, and has a population of 8,000. The county is heavily timbered with hard woods. In the village are three churches, two schools, one occupying a building which cost $20,000, and will accommodate 600 scholars ; three public halls, two hotels, and six sawmills. Inthevicinity there is over 35,000 acres of cultivated cranberries. Dextervitte, 110 miles from Green Bay, is a flourishing village of 2,000 people. MerriUan, in Jackson county, is at the crossing of the West Wisconsin Railway, which furnishes direct rail connection for St. Paul, 130 miles north. The village has a popu- lation of about 500 per- sons, two schools, a flour- ing mill, and a saw mill. Arcadia, 192 miles from Green Bay, is built on the Trempealeau river, has a population of 1,000, two schools, four churches and three hotels. There are many trout streams in the vicinity, and large numbers of brook trout are taken here every season. At 214 miles from Green Bay we reach the city of Winona, which will be described hereafter. Having hurriedly made the trip across the State, we now return to Fort Howard, and pursue our journey northward. On the Baraboo, near Elroy, Wis. page 85. Dunk Creek, 347 miles from Chicago; an unim- portant station. Big Suamico, 251 miles from Chicago. Has two hotels, one school and two saw mills. Little Suamico, 257 miles from Chicago. Un- important. Brookslde, 262 mites from Chicago. A new and small place. Pensankee, 266 miles from Chicago, is in Oconto county, and in the midst of the pine lum- ber country. If has 300 population, one first-class brick hotel, that has 100 rooms; one school, and one church. West Pensaukee is five miles dictant. Game of all kinds abound in this vicinity. Oconto, 271 miles from Chicago. This city, of 5,000 people, is on Oconto river, two miles from its mouth. Oconto Falls are 16 miles distant; Stiles, 12 miles west, and Gillettown, 30 miles west, are reached by stage. This city, with Peshtigo and many other villages and a large expanse of country, were burucd over in October, 1871. Hundreds of persons perished, and millions of dollars worth of 68 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. property were consumed. Many marks of this ter- rible calamity are still plainly visible. In tlie city id the county court house, jail, and other county buildings; six schools, three public halls, eeven churches, many lumber mills, and four hotels. Caviots, 280 miles from Chicago, is on unimpor- tant station. Peshtigo, 284 miles from Chicago, is on Peshtigo river, seven miles from its mouth. Lumbering, and commerce incident thereto, occupy the time, talents ant", capital of its citizens. Thirty-five miles above the city are Big, or Chameleon, Falls, 90 feet per- pendicular, and on same stream are Roaring, Cal- dron, and Eagle's Nest Falls, nearly as great. Thunder Lake, River Medicine, Gravel and Trout Lakes, are near, and are full of fish. Brook trout are caught in great abundance in many of the streams of the vicinity. Deer, bear and other game are plentiful. The city has several good hotels, where sportsmen are lodged and fed at very reason- able rates. CHEAP LAND FOR THE FARMER. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY have for sale, in the States of Wisconsin and Michigan, 1,003,978 acres of Farming, Timber and Pine Lands, in tracts of 40 acres and upwards, at from $2 to $12 per acre. The timber on these lands consists according to- locality and soil of pine, maple, beech, white oak, red oak, birch, ash, basswood, hemlock, and cedar, which is valuable for charcoal and manufac- luring purposes. Large tracts of these lands are in the imme- diate vicinity of the iron mines of Michigan and Wisconsin, and from the charcoal alone that can be manufactured from the heavy growth : of timber thereon, par- ties purchasing can pay for them at the prices j charged by the Com- pany for said lands, and I have money left to ena- ble them to convert the lands from which the timber has been taken Willow River Falls, near Hudso.n, Wis.- page 88. for charcoal purposes, into productive farms, for the products of which they can at all times obtain the highest market prices in the mining and lumbering districts in the immediate neighborhood of these lauds. Of the above lands, 639,750 acres are in the State of Michigan, adjacent to and on each side of said Company's railroad, which has been fully completed and is now in successful .operation between Lake Superior and the Wisconsin State Line ; and the balance of said lands, 364,228 acres, are in the State of Wisconsin, between the Michi- gan State line and Township line No. 30, and between Ranges 10 and 18 East, and are bounded on the north by the Brule and Menomonee rivers, and are traversed by the Wolf, Oconto, Peshtigo, Pine and other rivers, on which the pine timber taken from those lands is annually floated to the various places of manufacture thereon. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 69 Marinette, 291 miles from Chicago. This city, of 4,000 people, is on the south side of the Menom- onee river, which here forms the boundary between the States of Wisconsin and Michigan. The business of the city pertains to lumbering in some form. It has ten saw mills employing over 3,000 men, and manufacturing 150,000,000 feet of lumber yearly; one blast furnace employs 80 men. In the city are three schools, four churches, two' public halls and two hotels. Several trout streams are near. Crossing the Menomonee river on a fine bridge, we reach the depot for the city of Menomonee, 293 miles from Chicago, and are in the State of Michigan. Here, also, "lumbering" is the leading business. It has five large saw mills, that employ 600 men; an Iron furnace, employing 75 men; a court house, that cost $30,000; a brick and stone town hall, that cost $6,000; four schools, four churches, and two good hotels. Population, about 4,000. Without delaying long at lint i -H CREEK, WALLACE, STKPHENSON, GRAVEL PIT, EAGLET, KI.OMAN, SPALDING, FER- RY, BARK RIVER, or FORD RIVER, which are mere side track*,, we hurry on to Escanaba, 357 miles from Chicago. This is one of the pleasantest summer resorts there is in the West. It Is situated at t+.s head of Little Bay Des Noques, at the north end of <;reen Bay. The water of the bay. clear as crystal, washes the streets of the city on two sides, while the Escanaba river forms the third, and the aromatic "piney woods" close well down on the other side. Good hotels offer quiet class in all its appointment!!, and located immedi- ately on the bay shore; surrounded by beautiful groves and parks, laid off in flower beds, and beau- tiful serpentine walks and carriage drives; being well supplied with boats both, rowing and sailing fishing tackle, and professional guides in readi- ness to convey guests to the trout streams. The Lnddington House has accommodations for 100 guests. The climate of Escanaba is unsurpassed. During the hottest of the summer months the ther- Pulplr Rock, on the St. Crolx, near Hudson, W!s. page 88. and comfortable quarters for tourists who may wish to spend days or weeks here fishing, boat- ing or bathing. White Fish Bay in this vicinity offers rare sport for fishermen, and every little stream (and they are numerous) is almost alive with the ever beautiful brook (spotted) trout. From Es- canaba excursions are fitted out in various direc- tions. Those not caring for fishing can take to the "woods," and find bear and deer in abundance, to say nothing of ducks, geese, brants, partridges and smaller feathered game. This is now a favorite summer resort to the people of Chicago. It has a population of 3,000, at d is adjacent to the vast mineral regions, for which this section of country is renowned. The hotel accommodations are unsur- pas'ed. The Tilden House is the largest, and first- mometer ranges at about 80 degrees, averaging but 65 degrees during the entire summer f eason. The place is rapidly becoming one of the most popular summer resorts of the Lake Superior district, and, from present indications, the coming season prom- ises to eclipse all previous ones in point of visitors from all sections of the country. To sportsmen, fond of hunting or angling- the naturalist in quest of the curious and wonderful in nature, in connection with the iron, silver, lead, copper and gold deposits of Lake Superior the business man, seeking rest and health in a pure, invigorating air Escanaba offers unsurpassed advan'ages. At Escanaba are extensive mineral docks owned by the railroad, and into which (through the spring, rummer and fall months), from 700 to 800 cars, daily, of iron ore 70 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. and pig iron, hanled from the iron regions around Negaunee and Ishpeming, are deposited, the daily average being about 7,000 tons. From these docks vessels load for all the ports of the lower lakes. The country beyond Escanaba is not very invit- ing, but contains many fine brcok trout streams, and deer, bear ai:d other game and fur-bearing animals. The sportsman, fisherman or trapper will find ample employment and sport here. Passing along the classic shores of Goose Lake, we soon reach Negaunee, 419 miles from Chicago. Here we are in the midst of the celebrated iron regions of On the St. Crolx, near Taylor's Falls, Minn. page 88 Lake Superior. Surrounded on all sides by the mines and furnace* of some thirty or more mining companies this busy city does not present an attractive appearance to the fashionable visitor or to the " kid glove" tourist, but to him who would view nature in her wildness. or who would go with the hardy, industrious miner into the mines, and seek out the precious gems that are found there, this place has an abiding attraction. The city contains over 4,000 people, is built in a narrow valley, surrounded by high and broken hills, and is 1,400 feet above Marquettc, which is only 13 miles distant. It is well supplied with schools, churcttes, hotels, newspapers and business houses. In the vicinityare many romantic and picturesque spots, well worth visiting. Game is abundant and brook trout more than plentiful. Etcana'ja River, Little Lake, Cascade, Lake Michlgammi and Menomonee River are within visiting distances, and a visit to them will amply repay the tourist. Of all of the gems of this wild country, yon must not fail to sec Teal Lake, as beautiful a body of water as eye ever looked upon. We reproduce a scene on the lake, that has been painted by Edward Schrottky, a rising young artist of this place. Our wood-cut does poor justice to the beauty of the picture or of the lake. On the farther side of the lake, and to the left of the picture, may be seen a house. Its history is not nnromantic. Many years ago, an Eastern gentleman, with an only daughter, about 20- years of age, settled at. Chicago. The moist air f i om Lake Michigan did not agree with the lady, and she daily faded. An Indian chief, at Fort Dearborn, told the father, of the pure, dry air of the hills of the great northern lake, and drew no mean picture of the country about Negannee and Teal Lake, and urged that the daughter should be taken there. Anxious to adopt any means that seemed to promise hope to the almost dying girl, the-" lumber for a house was prepared, ^^ and with an ample supply of hand- j^^BS some, costly furniture, was placed on a vessel, chartered to run as near Teal Lake as possible. In due time this vessel reached the port where Marquette has since been built. Friendly Indians " packed " the cargo of the vessel over almost pathless wilds, 13 miles to the site shown in our picture, and in course of time the house was built, furnished and occupied by the invalid and her father. A happy year was passed ; bloom again came to the wan cheek and fire came to the dimmed eye; but, alas, only to mock the hopes of the doting parent. With the coloring of the leaves the next fall, the father bore the body of hisdead child to his far-off Eastern j home, and abandoned house, fnr- niture and all. . The Indians, with superstitions dread, kept away from the place, and everything remained as the owner had left it until a few years ago, when the white man prospected the country, and settled here to rob the hills of their mineral treasure. Having none of the scruples of the un- taught savage, he did not respect the home of the dead girl, and soon stripped it of its contents, so that to-day the house alone is left. It stands there, a monument to the now dead and almost forgotten father, who, in its buildingand furnishing, expended over $80,000. The place is known as "The White Ishpeming, 422 miles from Chicago. This city, of over 6,000 people, is in the same iron region as the last ramed. Many mines are close to its limit* and within the city proper the Cleveland, producing 150,000 tons yearly; the Lake Superior, 150,000 tons; Barnum, 50,000tons: Pittsburghand Lake Angeline 40,000 tons each. Deer L ,ke furnace, two miles off,, produce-" 10,000 tons yearly of charcoal pig metaL In the city are five churches, one school, with 11 THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. teachers, occupying a building that cost $52,003. The Barnum House is a first class hotel, kept by Robert Nelson. It has 90 rooms, is lighted with gas, supplied with hot and cold water and bath rooms, heated with steam throughout, finely fur- nished, and cost, with its furniture, some |!80,000. It was opened in June, 1875, and is admirably kept. Ishpeming is the northern terminus of our line. Marqnette, 43o miles from Chicago, though not directly on the Chicago & North- Western Railway, is reac hed by rai I by t hat route only, and i s so closely identified with this line, that we almost call it our terminul station, and largely treat it as if it were so. Marquette is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior, at the eastern terminus of the MARQUETTE, HOUGHTO'N & ONTONAGON RAILROAD, and is the centre of the great iron region of Lake Superior. The principal busi- ness interests are those con- nected with mining. It is well supplied with excellent hotels and large summer boarding houses, where comfortable, well furnished rooms and unex- celled board can be procured at very reasonable prices. The city is beautifully located on the Bay of Marquette, which is a deep indentation of the shores of the lake. The town is well built, its streets wide, clean, and well paved. Its peo- ple are reftned, educated, and extremely sociable and kindly. On the bay you have uneqnaled facilities for boating, and its waters are filled with gamey fish, which, seem eager to reward the angler, as they are caught in great abundance with but little labor. A few miles out in the bay are severe! large islands covered with virgin for- ests. These islands are favor- ite resorts for picnic parses, that reach them by sail boats, by steamer, or by small row boats, of which any number almost may be hired in Mar- quette at any time. kindly teachings of the patient Catholic missionary, who has been a dweller in the tents of the uncul- tured child of the forest for generations, and who has lived there really and truly for the Indian's good, and not for the white man's aggrandize- ment, as is too often the case with the so-called friend of the Indian. No finer trout fishing is to be found anywhere on the broad earth than can be found on the north shore of this great in'and ocean. Speckled trout, weighing from five to twelve pounds, are often caught by the few adventurous spirits who The Dalles," on the St. Crolx, Wis. page 91. For the invalid or for the resident of our Southern or Eastern States, Marquette offers many induce- ments as a summer resort. Its air is pure and clear, its days not hot, its nights pleasantly cool, and yet not cold, and its healthful ness unquestioned. From Marquette you crm take steamer for Sault St. Mary, for Isle Royal, St. Ignacc Island, Fort William, or any point on the north shore of Lake Superior. On that shore you will find nature in all her wildness. The white man's arts and ways have not yet penetrated its wilds, and the Indian with his peculiar ways can be found without seeking far. This Indian is not the savage of the plains or mountains, but he who has been tamed by the have for several years sought these favored shores.. The rivers Nipigon and Michapacoton are the best known of the trout streams of the north shore. Guides to these streams can be easily hired at Mar- quette, and fishing parties be fitted out with little expense or labor. And here we might drop a hint that may be useful to the stranger: Take an Indian for your guide if you go to the north shore to fish; see that you get one that does not love " fire water," and one that is not afraid of work. Plenty of lazy white men will tender their services, and boast of their knowledge and skill, but trust them not They are utterly worthless, either in your boat or out of it. THE NORTH AXP WEST ITJ,USTBA.TED. Tho best hotels nt Marquettc are The Cozzens, Alfred Cozzens, proprietor it can accommodate 150 guests for the summer this house has a num- ber of summer cottages fitted up for the use of guests, who may prefer them to the rooms of tlic hotel and The Northwestern Hotel, Farnhaui & Lyons, proprietors. This house is situated clcse to the waters of the bay, and is a charming location for a summer home. Mesdames Williams and Sherman keep excellent boarding houses. The rates for private board range from $6 to $12 per week. A daily line of Pullman Palace Cars is run between Chicago and Marquette, by the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company. Marquette, as a watering place, cannot well be excelled. Romantic scen- ery surrounding o:ie on every side, a cool, bracing atmospheVe, which, to those who may be suffer- ing from the heat of a summer sun, is, as it were, the "balm of Gilead." In the fore- ground ' a beautiful bay spreads away to the dis- tant shore (which is of ten compared to the bay of Venice), whose silvery waters often lie like an immense mirror beneath the rays of the setting sun, and when dotted w-th vessels and steam- ers, presents a scene wi.rthy the pencil of an -artist. Salmon trout abound in its waters, and arc often taken by trol- ling, weighing from five to twenty-five pounds each. One person not unfre- quently captures from one to twenty fish per day, in the season. There are a number of streams in the vicinity, where the speckled beauties are await- ing the fly of the angler. Marquette has a population of about 8,000. It is lighted with gas, and is supplied with water from the cool, crystal lake by the Holly water system. To the invalid or tourist, needing a few weeks' recreation, we recommend them by all means to seek the pnre air and splendid climate in and around the fair city of Marquette. Sailing over the broad, clear waters of Lake Superior, trolling for the large thirty-pound lake fish, beating the moun- tain streams for speckled trout, visiting the rolling in ills, furnaces, miues, and other objects of interest, will serve to pass away several weeks in an amusing and profitable manner. The hotels here are well kept, very comfortable and charges reasonable. We quote from the Mining Journal : " The people of Marquette are remarkably well favored with the grand in nature in the hills and valleys, the swift-flowing river, and the rivulet, the ex- p inse of lake and stretch of shore line, the rising plain and unnumbered tints of foliage, by which the city is surrounded. It would be difficult to select a point that offers a greater diversity of striking and beautiful scenery, in the midst of a The Falls of Mlnnehaha, Minn. page 9O. moving commerce, which is asserting itself as the most powerful in the world. A finer picture never covered the canvas of an artist than is presented by Marqnette from the centre of the bay, with the docks, and ships, and steamers in the foreground. bustling with life, and the city dropping from the high land to the right and left, on both sides of the bay, with a horizon of hills to the extreme right and left in the background." Marquette is the county seat of Marqnette county, which was organized in 1845, and has a resi- dent population of 20,000. The city contains a county court house ad jail, two public halls Mathews and The Opera House, which will scat 1,00!) persons; five churches; a union high school, three ward schools, a convent and Roman Catholic seminary, three banks, two foundries, four blast furnaces, one rolling mill, one steam forge, and several other manufactories. The ma- chine ard car works of the Marquette, Houghton & Or.tonagon Railro.id Company are located here, and give employ- ment to a large number of skilled mechanics. Five extensive docks for the shipment of ore have been built and are main- tained here at large es> peusc. Dead, Chocolay, Little and Garlic rivers are near by, and are noted trout (brook) - streams. Returning to Ishpeming from Mar- quette, we find the Marquette, Hoi:ghton & Onton- agon Railroad running westward, and towards Ontonagon. It runs through a wild and mostly uncultivated district, but one that is well worthy of a visit. Iron mines and furnaces are on every hand; mountains of iron are on every side, and the roar- ing of the rapid running river is heard many times while passing from Ishpeming to L'Anse. Lake Michigammi, 38 miles from Marqnette, situated on the line of the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, in Marquette county, is one of the most beautiful sheets of water to be found in the country. The shore is very irregular, present- ing many points of beauty ; the lake contains many wooded islands, which add much to the pic- turesqueness of the scenery. A steamer runs on the lake from Michigammi to the islands. At Michigammi are the celebrated Michigammi and Spurr iron mines. The Hamey, Hoskins and other mines, but partially developed at the present writ- ing, are located near Michigammi. L'Anse, 63 miles from Marquette, in Baragey county, is a new town, situated on Keweenuw bay, and at present is the western terminus of the Mar- quette, Hougton & Ontonagon Railroad, but surveys for the extension of the line to Ontonagon and Houghton have been made. The harbor is one of the finest on the whole chain of lakes. There are THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 73 two churches, one school house, one bank and several stores. Arrangements arc now being made for building u dry dock and a blast furnace. The railroad ore pier and merchandise dock and ma- chine shops give employment to n large force of workmen. On Fall Hver and L'Anse bay is to be 'omul as line brook nnd salmon trout and .vhite fish fish ing as there is in the country. Methodist and Catholic Iiuli in mission houses arc situated about four miles from L'Anse, on opposite sides of the bay. The following named towns are situated on the line of the Marquette, Houghton, & Ontonagon Railroad : Marqucttc, Morgan, Negaunec, Ishpe- mini', Greenwood, Clarksburg, Hninboldt, Repub- lic, Champion, Michigammi, Spurr, Sturgeon, Summit and L'Anse. Although the season of 1875 was pne of very great depression, and was particularly unfavorable to the iron interests, the following statis- tics of the iron ore trafilc may be interesting: l'ro:luccd, by Republic mine, 1-T.OOO ton-; by Lake Superior mine, 114,000 tons; by Cleveland mine, 1011,000 tons; by Jackson mine, 100,000 ton*; by Champion mine, 47,' 00 tons; by Michignmiui mine, 45,000 tons; by Spnrr mine, 4:2,001) tons; by Saginaw mine, 45,000 toi.s; by Kloiuan mine, 35,000 tons; by. Bar- num mine, 41,000 tons ; by other mines, 255,000 tons. Total, 930,000 to'.s. In addition to this, there was manufactured and chipped by the charcoal furnnccs of this district, 90,590 tons of pig iron. The aggregate produrtion of iron ores of the mines in this region from 1850 to 1875, inclu- sive, was !) W8,'^81 tons. The aggre- gate product of pig iron from 1858 to 1875, inclusive, was 71!),351 tons. Nil DCS of iron mines and furnaces, with location, on the Marquette. Houghton & Ontonogon Railroad: M;vquet!e and Pacific furnace, Mar- quet:e; Carp fur; ace, Marquette; Grace furnace, Marque' tc; Bancroft furnace, Ban- croft; .Morgan furnace, Morgan; Rolling Mill mine, Ncgauncc; McCombcr mine, Ncgaunce; Jackson mine, Ncgauncc; New York mine, Ishpcm'ng; Clevelar.d mine, Ishpcming; Lake Superior mine, Jshpeming; Lake Angelinc mine, Ishpcmirg; Sagi- na\i r mine, Saginaw; Winthrop mine, Sagir.aw; Shenango. mine, Snginaw ; Greenwood furnace, Greenwood; Michigan furiiucc, Clarksburg; Wash- ingti n mine, Ilumbokl'.; Ed wards mine, Hiimholdt; Franklin mine, lliimboldl; Iliiugcrford mine, Hiimholdt; Republic mine, Republic; Klomanmine, Republic; Pc-insula mine, Republic; Metropolis mine, Republic; Eric mine, Republic; Cur.r.on mine, Republic; Keystone mine, Champion; Cham- pion mine, Champion; Michigammi mine, Michi- gainmi; Ilarncy mine, Michigamtni; Spurr mine, Spurr; Steward mine, Spurr. Again referring to L'Anse, we vould say, that here close connection is made wi:h the staunch iron tca/ncr "Ivanlioe," belonging to the L'Anse, Houghton & Hancock Transit Company, wfiich runs to the port of Houghton, the distributing point for the copper district, embracing Houghton county and a part of Kcwecuaw Point. The steam- boat trip from L'Anse to Portage lake occupies about three hours, the steamer passing through the beautiful sheet of water known us Kcwecnaw bay, and the picturesque Portage, river and lake, all of which arc renowned for their scenic cflccts, etc. Portage hike is noted as the site of a number of thriving industries, which include stamp mills, copper smelting works, foundries, machine shops, candle facto'ics, copper rolling mill, saw and plan- ing mills, etc., etc. Portage lake has two thriving towns', Houghton and Hancock. The former is the The Falls of St. Anthony, Minn. page 94. county scat of Hough! on county. Its situation, on the side of a lull, is an attractive one, and its excel- lent hotel, one of the best The Northwest makes the place a desirable summer resort. All the great coppcrmines of Lake Superior can be reached from this town within an hour and a half. On the oppo- site or north side of I'brtagc lake is the flourishing town of Hancock, which is the western terminus of the Mineral Range Railro::d. a line of narrow gauge railway, in operation between (he famous Calumet and Ilechi mine nnd Portage lake. During the season of navigation, all points of interest on Lake Superior, including (he silver mines of Ontonagon, the copper mine's of I.g* that environ it. The level of the waters is one hundred and ninety feet above the Wisconsin river, and it is supposed that the bottom reaches below that of the river. There is not in the West a sample of as bold, rugged and striking scenery, or any more ph asing to the tourist. A two hours' fide on the cais from Madison will land the visitor upon the shore, and a small steam - cr will give him every opportunity for exploration. The whole section is wild and full of interest. The lake is one of the most wonderful and ro- mantic spots in existence, and nothing to compare with it can be seen east of the Rocky Mountains. It has an abiding attraction for tourists, who return to it again and again, to admire and enjoy it. to wonder at it, and to puzzle over it. Here, ages ago, probably some terrible internal convulsion rent the earth's surface, and piled various strata of rock, of immense size, from 300 to 600 feet high, and dis- posed it in every conceivable fantastic form. Within the basin thus made lies nestled a beautiful, placid lake of clear, pure water, which reflects on its mirror-like surface the rugged and awe-inspiring Trout Falls, Sparta, Wis., on C. & N.-W. Ry. page 97. barriers which environ it. It has no visible inlet or outlet. It abounds in fish. Increasing numbers of tourists include it in their round, now that it has become so easily accessible by rail. This beautiful body ot water is surrounded with precipitous mountains on every side, except at two points, one being at the southern end, where the railroad enters the lake ba=in, and the other at the northern end, where the railroad finds exit from the basin of the lake. On every side of the lake you see " rock piled on rock "in every conceivable form, and in immense columns, pillars, piles and masses of very great magnitude and height. The railroad run* along the shore of the lake on a bed that was literally blasted out of the sides of the mountain. From the car windows all the beauties of this won- derful and weirdly mysterious region can readily be seen. 82 THE NORTH AND WBSI ILLUSTRATED. We copy the following letter, as it gives the views of one who was last year at this delightful sum- mer resort, and who was so much pleased, that he wrote, hoping it would induce others to go there, and enjoy what the writer had already experienced : " Call this satisfaction. The north corner of a light, cool gallery, from which, in the third story of the Swiss hotel, it is literally one step into a young wood, whose dancing shadows almost play upon this page, and at whose feet lie scattered bowlders from the shattered rocky wall of the height that shuts the view, two rods from my chamber window. This in the rear. The other hand shows a blue lake, crisping and brilliant in the wind that sweeps from the west, cleft straight for the Cliff: House, setting every fibre of the slim young poplars and Perch Lake, Sparta, Wis., on C. & N.-W. R'y. page 97. black oaks astir, while the nervous willows tingle in a shivering delight down on the sand. If one could make you feel the brightness, the delight, of this late summer morning, that here wears the fresh- ness of spring, there would be a hegira of linen coats and straw hats for Devil's Lake that would make the Chicago & North-Western Railway glad. It is good fortune to catch the up-tram one minute be- fore starting, and go rolling off on the smooth track of the North-Western Railway, through the rich valley of Rock river, green and golden after the rains, in the splendor of harvest, where the glassy lights on the varnished oak boughs glitter for miles of sloping woodland ; past the embowered dome at Madison, where everything wears holiday air, and the wide, cool lakes'tempt one for a day and a week to find the certainty that this capital is one of the loveliest towns for summer-faring, West or East, with its gardens and sails, and beautiful girls, and fun-loving people. But I had it in heart to see this lake among the Wisconsin hills, which had been, neighbor for ten years, and yet I had to come from the seaboard to visit after all. One good American wasn't going away from home forever, without knowing something about Wisconsin's blue-green woods, and strange, isolated cliffs, and mysterious lakes, and seeing them at their loveliest, in this burning summer, never perhaps to look upon them again. I did not know Wisconsin was so beautiful. " It gave one a happy heartbreak to ride through that region of bluff, and oak slope, and pointed knolls, that the railroad opens up on either side, after leaving the little station of Dane, beyond Madison. There is a fullness of sunshine here, a strength in the light, with which hazy Eastern sum- mers do not compare ; and there seemed such boldness in each wind-turned hill, and the gallant woods glittered and flung their crests like the staunch regiments that did honor to the State, till the pleasant country seemed glad in its own luxuriance. Was there a glamour in the eyes that looked, or will somebody say that airy bridge across the Wiscon- sin, beyond Lodi over- which the train runs at f uot pace, giving passengers time to mark the meeting of two streams, whose banks were wild with young, bright for- estis not a pretty picture? The wind-work of the plains begins here in miniature. It has rounded, pointed and smoothed off the sand-hills in odd, isolated pinnacles and domes, that rise beyond the line of woods crowding to the water's edge, accent- ing a scene that would be fair to linger over, if it had only the slight, high bridge spanning a gulf of green, cleft by broad, clear water- beds, whose very sand-bars the water-beech and wil- low have turned into beauty. The town of Lodi,.- which dates from ante-railroad times, looks like a. New England village set among bluffy hills and smothered in orchards and gardens. The railroads have changed the air of interior towns much for the better. Farming in a small way was running itself out, and all the industries that depended on it; but the road gave things a smart fillip, and knocked them into shape again. The low element that fol- low^ railways has hardly had time to put in an ap- pearance, or else has been sent straight back again. The groups about the stations were of pretty, bright- eyed girls, cheery gossips, in trim seersucker and white cuffs, waiting to see a friend, and easy-goers reading the Chicago papers thrown off the train. " Another hour of threading the green wilderness of the Wisconsin, and, as the sun was hanging low, the train passed a charming bit of a scene, a nook THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 33 of vineyard between cliffs whose tops could not be seen, a corner of luxuriant garden, with long grape- trellis down the middle, and a screen of tall trees between it and the western height. It was an aca- dian picture, and the figures in summer dresses and light hats, strolling in happy leisure, did not injure the effects. We turned the corner of the cliff which shut out the lovely place, and the car* were run- ning on the very edge of a magically-clear lake, whose heights of tumbled bowlders were almost in reach from the windows on the other side. It was lonely and lovely beyond words. That those rich midland counties should hold in their heart such a desolate, witching mystery, was like a strain of Chopin in Mendelssohn's music. The loneliness enhanced the beauty. " The next minute the train was stopping by a platform at the upper corner of the lake. 'Cliff House' was shouted, and a Swiss cottage, with bright dresses on its ample galleries, came to view through the trees. " Don't make the mistake of supposing the lake, the Cliff House and Baraboo are /nixed up together; but get your trunks checked for Devil's Lake direct. Baraboo's tree- lined streets sleep three miles farther up the hills. Leaving trunks and checks to the pro- vidence of the Rail way Com- pany, I saw the lake on one side, the hotel on the other, dropped off the train, and never have been sorry for making up my mind in half a minute on that matter. " The house is so pretty; and it's something to see a Sum- mer-hotel that isn't an eye- sore. This ample Swiss cot tage, with' wings and galleries to catch the breeze, built into the slope of the cliff behind, with croquet-ground in front, and just room for the rail- road to pass between it and the lake, charmingly suits the spot. The inmates live on the deep galleries, between the breeze off the lake and the rustle of the forest beside it, but the rooms are carefully provided, enough to make an after-dinner sojourn actually pleasant. It is such a contrast to a dozen or two summer-hotels East, that I could name. Don't I know their miseries the hard beds, worn carpets, and dilapidations generally; the odious kerosene; the fried potatoes greased potatoes rather and frightful pastry and pies; the pert, curious waiter-girls in Sunday finery the week long; the landlord, whose business seems to be, putting off till next day whatever should be done to-day; in fact, all the drawbacks that make people very glad to be at home again? Something of the sort I was prepared to endure, but the Swiss cottage, set down here in the wilderness, put all such ideas to rout. Its cool, clean halls and stairways; the casings finished through the house in varnished pine, that looks almost as handsome as California laurel or satin-wood ; the dainty neatness of every fastidious nook and corner, do not prevent one's room-door from opening on fresh Brussels, and easy chairs, and French bedsteads. Actually, we have snowy toilet covers, and walnut in the bed- rooms, instead of much worn paint. The beds, lily-like and soft, don't require that one must be tired to death to rest on them, and the quilts are not of the honeycomb description. To look round one's room, faultless in dainty order, and think of the scorning care bestowed on certain grand hotels in Saratoga and by the gef.side, results In unmiti- gated happiness for the time. The same bright and. Oastle Rock, Sparta, Wls., on C. & N.-W. Ry.-page 97. shining freshness is on everything, even to the- hall-lamp, which delighted my eyes with its bril- liant neatness. But there! you don't perhaps deify immaculate housekeeping in detail to this extent. " You can judge how finding such a deliciously- comfortable home left one's mind free to enjoy the 1 scenery. People say it is like Windermere; and, if desolate fell, and scaur, and crag, belong to that region, there are enough of them here. That's the charm of it to me its intense loneliness. Banks. 500 feet high, guard it on east and west, with a lower cliff walling in the south, with a pass at each end for the moon to rise through and the wind to creep in. These banks, topped with cliff, broken into ma'iy a needle and archway, are slopes of disheveled bowlders, greenish-gray with lichen, and sparsely relieved with growth of pine and 84 TUB NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. black oak, where it gets a shelving foothold. The crass look out of the soft woods, and faces of broken rock, which no kind forest can ever cover, keeping barren reminder of the awful upheaval that shattered the fiery cliffs of porphyry, and hurled them in heaps like those of Samaria. In the crater of the mountain this lake was left, fed through the crevice deep down in its heart, and filled from unknown levels. That day of the Titans is over, and to-day we have this inclosed lake, whose sheltered air and limpid waters have incomparable softness. Such another place for invalids is not to be found in this Northern climate. The air at this height the rim of the lake is 300 feet above the level of the Wisconsin, I am told .Is always lively, always cool, yet tempered to that The Warner House, Sparta, Wis., on C. &. N.-W. Ry. Pag 97. anything of that sort, that might disparage other watering-places; but the fa.ct is that, as far as air and water are concerned, we have simply the best that is to be procured. " Talk of the boating on Lake Michigan, or Erie, or Tahoe. Here is water that one can see through like quartz-crystal of the clearest sort, at fifty feet depth. It looks the color of hock nearest the shores, as boats put out in it; and the tint deepens till, past the half-way tree, floating down, iu 175 feet soundings', it is the deep, ckar green that tells of absolute purity in any volume of water. I hope never to be called one of the impressible ones, but I am in love with this sacred lake of the Devil, and shall be till I die. " How we amuse ourselves is an open qnestion there is so much to be done and seen, if one goes at it in an in- telligait way. A steamer, that will hold about fifty chairs on its deck without guards, goes round the lake several limes a day; and new-comers twist their necks under West Cliff, trying to get a look at the Turk's Head, which looks Jike a bust of Lin- coln in gray rock, re::dy to top- ple over. Rounding home, iha boat stops at the vineyard in tho southeast corner, \\here, atr.on- nie Kirklaud, whose gr;ipes you liavc often tasted from ] aper boxes, a wine cellar, shaded by trees and crowned with vines, froi.ts the building on the lawn. A most lovely rn>tic spot is this farm of the Kirk Brothers, who make it a pleasure. ground for the region. The interval between East and South Cliffs, lialf a mile wide, runs back for two miles, inched by high hills; and in this sunny corner, with the warmth reflected from the glowing rocks of East Cliff, where only eonth ai d west winds can draw through, ripen acres of such grapes as you never dreamed of iu Wisconsin. The grounds about the house are lovely and home-like ; a field of horeyed clover, that no delicious softness found on the magical shore of Old Plyjnouth, that always keeps ten degrees warmer than Boston, thirty miles above; or in the vineyard-belt of Ohio. The water is purity itself so clear, that not a trace of sediment is left along the margin anywhere; and soft to that degree it. eeems as if distilled. I can imagine no greater luxury in the way of bathing than to run out on the mile of sand-beach at either end of the lake, that slopes inward for rods without getting beyond depth, and let the waves lave one like any chrisom- child. The water is delicious beyond compare. One notices it in the wash-basins the first thing; and I never can sit in a boat here without lettins a hand trail in the tide, that is like cleaving velvet. I don't wish to make any impertinent claims, or one is afraid to walk in, shaded by high nut- trees and oaks; the whitewashed cottacre in the centre, wearing a cornice of Wisconsin ivy, with its dark and light green trails, richer than Co- rinthian temple ever boasted, witli p rape-roofed arbors, stand:nd roses in basket trellises of lustic work, the wine-press and bee-hives, the t traw-racks and dove-cote appearing through the trees, with their feet in the perfect sea of blossoming clover; a picture of farm-house plenty at d adornment that a port would revel in. Back of the orchard slopes the vineyard, trimly kept, and lichly green at pres- ent; but nearer is a tunnel of foliage, the great grape arbor, three hundred feet lone, :ind the largest in the State, before the railroad cut away half its length. Enough is left to give the place an Old- THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 85- World look, as if it were a homestead in France; and one half expects to see a girl in a scarlet kirtle and high cap come out to complete the picture. "One would think artists would make this a favorite haunt. If softest tky, bold forms, and porphyritic colors of rock, set off by changing forest and fair reach of bending lake, are worth anything to artist- 1 , they can fit.d them here. " It is a night of cool, delicious cloud as I finish * this. There has been breezing on the balconies, music and Chicagofirc in the parlor, and, eai Her In the evening, ladies, gentlemen, and all the child- ren not in bed, were down in the billiard room." During the summer season ferns are here found In great abundance, and in equally great variety. In the fall, autumn leaves in all their glory of crim- son, scarlet and gold, arc gathered. Baraboo, 175 mV.cs from Chicago. Here arc the hi ad- quarters aud offices of the Superintendent of the Madi- son Division, which extends from Harvard Junction to Winona. The city is built on both cidca of the Bar.ibuo river, and contuins about 4,000 people. It b apl.ice of larg; trade nnd important manufactured; contains many fine residences, business blocks, school honscs, one of which cost $10,000, and churches; & woolen mill, a furniture factory, flour mills, caw mills, and foundries, em- ploy over 400 men. Three hotels accommodate the transient gue.-t as well as the summer tourist. Sauk county has many Indian mounds, caves, gorge?, etc., which can bo reached from this point by carriagj. Sunk Ci/y, 6 miles, and Prairie du Sac, can be reached daily by stage. Tlie Sorrows of (he Baraboo, 9 miles west, The Dalles of the Wisconsin, 11 miles distant, and TliePeiod's valley. In the village are agood graded school, two churches, a stave and heading factory, employing 20 men; a flour mill and a saw mill, each employing ' 10 men, and one hotel. The country near the rail- way is broken, but beyond it is level and highly cultivated. Reedsburg, 191 miles from Chicago. This is an important city of some 3,000 people, located in the inidst'of the " hop region " of Wisconsin, and con- trolling most of that trade. Ironron, six miles wc.-t, has iron mines that have been worked for many years. Cazenovia, 10 miles west, has large iron f unvxcs. Logansville, eight miles south, and Spring Green, 20 miles 'south, are reached semi- weekly by stage. In the city are six churches, one newspaper, gi>od schools, and two hotels. La Vullo, 198 miles from Chicago, fronton, 3- 'The Buttes," near Winona, Minn. page 98. Nest, on Skillet creek, arc romantic places accessi- ble from Baraboo. For manyyiars this was the home of the. lamented Icabod Coddirg, and here may yet bo found many of his devoted adherent*. Kirkwood, 178 miles from Chicago, is an unim- port int sta'ion. North Freedom, 181 miles from Chicago, is on the north side of Baraboo river, has a population of 800, and is noted for the fine quality of the maple eugar that i-f made here in preat abundance. Hops arc a st jpic article of farm produce in this vicinity. Ablpmaii's, 184 miles frotn Chicago. This vil- lage, with a population of 40 >, is by the inhabitants called Rock Spring, nnd is so named from the many fipriiiL-s of pure cold water that is found flowing from crevices in tl>e rock along the banks of the Baraboo river. The station w;;s named after Col. 8. V. If. Ablemnn. who was especially prominent in assisting in buildiug the road through this wild miles; Valton, 10 miles west; Lime Ridge, 6 miles south; Sandusky, 12 miles south; Loyd, 18 miles southwest; Rockbridge, 20 miles southwest, and Sentintl, 7 miles iiorih, are tributary, aud reached by stage. TVoiiowoc, 203 miles from Chicago, is in Juneau cbunty, 16 miles from Mauston, ihe county seat. The surrounding country is broken and covered with timber, but offers fine hunting to the sports- man. Deer arc abundant, and bcnrs are not un fre- quently i-hot. The population of the village num- bers about COO; it has one hotel, one school, and on-.: church. I'nioii Centre, 208 miles from Chicago, has a population of 200, and is on tbo headwaters of the Baraboo river. Mansion, the county seat, a village of 1,000 people, is 14 miles east. Spring Valley, West Lima, lieckton. HiUKboi-o', population about 800, Ontario and Trippcilte are tiibutury, and are 86 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. reached from this station. To Hillsboro' there is a double daily stage line, that meets all passenger trains. Elroy, 212 miles from Chicago. This is com- paratively a new place, it having grown only since the completion of this portion of the railroad to the junction with the WEST WISCONSIN RAILWAY here in Ib72. In August, 1872. when the first train reached this point, about 100 persons claimeS it as their home; to-day it has over 1,200, and is a bust- ling, thriving place. It has twenty-five business houses, two grain elevators, one public school, three public halls, three churches, one newspaper, sawmills, flour mills, and some manufactures; also five hotels, that, together, can comfortably accom- modate 225 guests, at rates varying from $1 to $2 per day. The United Brethren maintain the Elroy Seminary, which has 90 students. THE WEST WISCONSIN RAILWAY. This new line of railway commences at Elroy, and forms the northern end of the through route we are describing. While entirely distinct in ownership from the Chicago & North-Western Railway, it is so closely identified with it in its through business and connections, that it is recognized and treated here as an intimate ally. Its most important points are Camp Douglas, 225 miles from Chicago. Wisconsin Valley Junction, 237 miles from "Chicago, where it has connections with the WIS- CONSIN VALLEY RAILROAD, and secures rail con- nections for Tomah, 13 miles west; Centralia, and the important lumbering city of Wausau, together with several smaller points east. Black River Falls, 265 miles from Chicago. The earliest account we have of white settlements on Black river, becomes almost traditionary when details are sought after. Enough is known, how- ever, to assert safely that sometime during the year 1818 or 1819, an expedition was fitted out at Prairie da Chien, under the direction of one Rolette, then a prominent trader at that point which suc- ceeded in reaching the present site of the village of Black River Falls, and erecting a small saw mill on Town creek. Whether the expeditionists proposed to locate per- manently at the " Falls," cannot be ascertained, but whatever their intentions may have been, they were prematurely frustrated by the Winnebago Indians, who burned the mill before it was fairly in opera- tion, and drof e the lumbermen off down the river. Here it might be proper to state, that the territory bordering on and contiguous to Black river, then belonged to the Indians, who did not cede their right to it until 1838. The Winnebagoes claimed to own the land from the east fork of Black river, east to the Wisconsin river, west to Beef slough upon the Mississippi river; thence south to the mouth of the Wisconsin river. On the east side of the last named river, were located the Menomonee Indians, with whom the Winnebagoes intermarried and fraternized generally. North of the territory claimed by the Winnebagoes, were the Chippewas, occupying a vast extent of country, bounded on the west by the Mississippi river, and by Lake Superior on the north. From the time tfcat Rolette's expeditionists were driven off the river, there was no attempt to effect a settlement at the " Falls " until late in the spring of 1839, (the Indians having the year before ceded to the Government all the lands on Black river claimed by them), when an expedition was organ- ized at Prairie du Chien for a permanent settlement and the improvement of the water-power at Black River Falls. The hotels are The Jones. The Popham, The Albion, The Falls House, and The Black River House. The population of the city is about 3,000. It is the county seat of Jackson county, and enjoys a large trade with the surrounding country and the adjacent lumber regions. Green Bay Junction, or Merrillan, 276 miles from Chicago, is tte point of crossing the GREEN BAY & MINNESOTA RAILROAD, as we have stated elsewhere. Augusta, 298 miles from Chicago, 'is a .pretty village of over 1,000 people, and is growing rapidly. Eati Claire, 320 miles from Chicago, is the capital of Eau Claire county, and is built at the confluence of the Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers. It enjoys the larger portion of the vast lumbering trade of the Chippewa Valley, and is rapidly ex- tending its trade into more distant fields. Among the many flourishing cities and villages of the Northwest, few, if any, are just now attract- ing more attention than the city of Eau Claire. The approach to it, either by rail, or by almost all of the dozen highways leading hither, is not calcu- lated to prejudice the traveler in its favor. Envi- roned, as it is, for several miles on every side, by sandy plains or sloping hills, which are verdant and pleasant enough in the summer, as they are covered with a slender growth of young trees, but unpro- ductive, in fact, almost sterile in the way of con- tributing to human wants generally, or to commer- cial staples, the visitor, when he first beholds, from some adjacent elevation of land, this cluster of pretty villages, situated at the confluence of the Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers, nestling along and between their banks, at the base of the low. pic- turesque bluffs, between which lies the head of the lower Chippewa Valley; when he sees the numer- ous steam mills with their tall chimneys, from which roll volumes of dense smoke and steam; the streets, broad and straight, some bordered by large business houses, others by magnificent resi- dences of brick, stone and wood, which rise amid gardens redolent with beauty and perfume ; when he notices the proud temples of learning, the nu- merous churches with their towering spires, and the spacious hotels, all showing the foot-prints of highest civilization, the visitor is astonished and electrified at beholding the contrast presented by this wealth and beauty, to the cheerless region which he has traversed to reach them. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. A United States Senator, when first visiting this j place, after coming ovsr the uninviting stage road , from Black River Falls, before the railroad was built, to address the people on the political situa- lion of 1871, was so delighted with the sudden j change, and the charming loveliness of the scene j before him, as from the slope of the hills which bound the city on the east, he caught the first glimpse of the sequestered metropolis of Chippe- wa's rich valley, that he compared it " to the eo static emotions of Mahomet, when, dnst-begrimmed and weary with the long march over Arabia's dreary wastes, he first beheld the gorgeous splendor of Damascus, its proud domes and lofty minarets, glittering in the summer sun with gold and sapphi re, and declared that heaven could never be more to him, for he now saw and felt all that his imagination had ever pictured of that celestial abode." The hotels are The William::, The Niagara, The Brittons, and The Eau Claire. A correspondent says of Extr CLAIRE : " This enterprising little city situated 011 the C'hippewa river, at its junction with the Eau Claire, is the most prosper- ous inland city in the State. It is at the head of navigation on the Chippewa, and ia composed of three towns, viz: North, East and West Eau Claire, incorpo- rated under the name of Eau Claire City. North Eau Claire is situated on the point of land between the two rivers, just above their junction. East and West Eau Claire are situated just below the junction, on op- posite sides of the river. The three towns are connected by bridges. The situation of Eau Claire is highly picturesque and healthful. Its public buildings are very commodious, and are built in good style, and it has considerable manufactures. The city is connected with a very extensive back country, which is well adapted to agriculture, although that interest is not very well developed as yet. The building of the West Wis- consin Railroad, which passes through the city, has been of material benefit to the agricultural interests. In 1857, the spot where the city now stands, was a mass of underbrush. Where now is heard the busy hum of machinery, and the rush and bustle of manufacturing life, all was silent, save the occasional croaking of g bull-frog, or the mournful call of the whip-poor-will. Few would, at that time, have believed that it would ever attain to its present importance." Seven churches, and four fine school houses, speak well for the intelligence and enlightenment of the place. The United States Land office, which is located here, serves to bring thousands to this point who wish to locate government lands. The population now numbers about 13,000, and w rapidly increasing as new interests develop and as capital accumulates. A noted place, and one worthy of the tourist's attention, is "The Dalles," which can readily be reached from Eau C'laire. Running from Eau Claire, up the valley of the river, is the CHIPPEWA FALLS & WESTERN RAIL- ROAD, built to connect Eau Claire with the city of Chippewa Falls, 12 miles distant. Chippewa Falls. A stranger, to look over the present city of Chippewa Falls, could hardly realize the fact that until a comparatively short time since, Indian wigwame stood, -and Indian councils were held on the very spot where handsome brick blocks are now erected; that on the site of the UnioniLum- bering Company's store and office, where $400,000 Winona, Minn., from the Bluffs. page 98. worth of merchandise is sold, and business to the amount of $1,500,000 is done, the Sioux and Chip- pewaa, in 1850, were drawn up in martial array. Few places in the Union present better prospects, or have a brighter future. With a population of over six thousand, which is being constantly added to ; with the best and most unlimited water-power in the world ; with a quantity of enterprising, go- ahead business men, pushing matters along, it can- not fail to have a population of twenty-five or thir- ty thousand in another ten years. A Trip to the Falls. " It was in the evening that the journey was taken, and when the noble bridge, which spans the Chippewa river at this point, was reached, the full autumn moon, that had made only an hour's travel from the horizon toward the zenith, sent its rays aslant the earth and water, forming a picture inde- scribably grand. The falls of the Chippewa are 88 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. jnst above the bridge. The waters came roaring down, catching, a^d widening, and lengthening the njoonbeams, then danced a-.vay in white-capped waves, that glistened and sparkled, till suddenly lost amo::g the shadows, and replaced by others just as varied and beautiful. It is worth a day's travel to view the falls of the Chippewa by moon- light. "The city is Eitnatcd on the west bank of the Chippewa, on a succession of low hills, rising grad The Falls of Minneopa, Minn, page IOI oally backward from the river. It is noted for the immense water power, there being a full of sonic twenty-six feet in three-fourths of a mile, over a rocky bottom; also for being the heart of the valu- able lumber business of the Chippewa Valley. A fine view of tho city may be obtained from the Catholic Church. This edifice is reached by a scries of steps, ascending through a side-hill grove of magnificent pines to a level table land!, lying on the north bank of Duncan creek." The hotels arc : The Waterman, r.nd The Cen- tral, 001 Bridge street, end The Cardinal, on River street. Menomonee, 343 miles from Chicago, is the capital of Dunn county, and is situated on the east bank of Red Cedar river. It lias over 2,OCO popula- tion, and large manufacturing and lumbering inter- ests. Its hotels are : The Menomonee, The Mer- chants, and The Central. Baldwin, SCO miles from Chicago, is a new town with some 250 inhabitants. Hammond, 372 miles from Chicago, is also a new town, and has over 1,000 people re-siding in it. At NORTH WISCONSIN JUNC- TION the Nomrn WISCONSIN RAILROAD leaves the main line and runs northward to- wards Lake Superior, is built out about 40 miles, and 16 miles above the junction i>* the city of NEW RICHMOND, with about 1,200 residents. Hudson, SCO miles from Chicago, is n city of seme 3,000 inhabitants, the county scat of St. Croix county, and built on Lake St. Crcix. The largest Mississippi steamers ascend the St. Croix river to this point. Twelve miles south- ea-t is Kinnickinnick river, yielding the finest brook trout, not only iu the main stream but on the north and south forks. Tiffany Creek also abounds with brook trout. Bass Lake, 8 miles northeast^ furnishes excellent bars fish- ing. Four miles from the sta- tion is Widow Jtivcr with its beautiful falls, which rival those of the notcdMir.r.chaha. Taylors Fells, at the head of the Dallas, and St. Croix Fall?, are worthy or a visit. Oscco'.a Mills, having medicinal springs and good hotels, is reached by steamer in the summer and by stage in the winter. Itiver Falls, 12 miles southeast, is a thriving vil- lage of 2,000 inhabitants, and has a Normal achool \vilh400 students, that is second to no Normal school of its kind in the West. Pleasant Va ley, 14 miles, Woodsiue, 18 mi:cs, Brookville, 26 miles, Lucas, 40 miles, Somerset, 15 miles, and Ellsworth, 25 miles, are leached by stage lines. Rich Lands at Low Hates. The WEST WISCONSIN RAILWAY have their gen- eral offices here, and at their land office the pros- pective emig-ant can buy any quantity of land he may desire, as the company have, a million or more acres along its line to sell. The city is well built, has excellent schools, fine churches, a county crmrt house, town hall, mar.y manufac- tu:c*, and eleven hotels, one of which is unusually good. The surrounding country is very bcautir THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 89 fa!, and is full of fine drives, pretty falls and pictur- esque scenery. The lake and river furnish admi- rable boating and firhing. Several yachts are owned here, and annually its yacht club has a regctla. Rock Falls, close by, is an unfailing source of pleas- ure, not only in the summer, but in the winter as well. Game abounds in the woods ;and prairies surrounding Hudson, and can always be had in quantities sufficient to please and repay the most exact!:.'* sportsman. A branch line runs from here to STILI/.VATER, with its population of 5,000, higher up the river, (see Lake Superior & Mississippi Railway). The Dalles of the St. Croix are still far- ther up, and will at any time amply repay the visitor for the time spent in reaching them. Four hundred and cine miles from Chicago we reach ST. PAUL, the capital of the State of Minnc- ota, and a city that has become almost world-re- nowned for the push, " vim" and energy of its peo- prairic, or on some of the beautiful lakes which form the characteristic charm of the city surround- ings. Pleasure Resorts. There are numerous resorts in and within a few miles of St. Paul and Minneapolis, and" easy of access. The numerous lakes, with their sylvan as- sociations, form the most prominent charm of the rural landscape. They arc scattered in chain?, or group?, or isolated gems, all over the State, forming an immense system of reservoirs, which serves a valuable purpose as a guarantee against drouths. Here hotel accommodations arc ample and rea- sonable. A few miles from St. Paul, close to the base of the almost perpendicular sandstone bluffs, and across the Mississippi, in full view of the scenery up and down the river, is Mendota, the oldest town Minneopa Falls, In the Winter. page IOI. pie, and for its admirable climate and hcalthfulness. In its topographical features and surroundings, St. Paul IB one of the most beautiful cities of the con- tinent. Its site is a series of four plateaux rising in regular gradation from the river, of which the first, originally a low bottom, fringing the river for miles, forms the levee, and is occupied by ware- louses, railroad tracks, depots and offices, in front of the city ; the second and third, with but slight difference in their elevation, about half a mile in width, end stretching for miles to the southwest along and above the river, form the main ex- panse, on which the business and much of the resi- dence portion of the city rests; while the green slope of the highest encircles this busy scene of metropolitan 4ifc and energy like a ring of hills, which are surmounted wilh many elegant and state- ly residences ; whi:cbcycnd them, stretches by far the most beautiful residence portions of the city, with fine avenues emerging upon the smooth, green in this State a small village, which is said to be inhabited by almost every color, shade and nation- ality of mankind, and in many cases, a mixture of two colors and races in one. Across, or over, the St Paul and Sioux City Railway track, and Fort Snelling appears in full view located upon a com- manding eminence at the confluence of the Minne- sota (St Peter)and Mississippi rivers. The scene- ry on the rivers at this point is exceedingly pictur- esque and romantic. The white-faced sandstone bluffs along the banks of the rivers, with the charm- ing landscape in either direction, afford a scene of great beauty and interest. There arc points of interest about here which are worth visiting, but too numerous to mention in de- tail. A short distance above Meeker's Island, close by the roadside, a small etrcnm, from the springs and lakes of the back country, leaps from the limestone rock about forty feet to the bed of the Mississippi. It is known as "Winter Queen," 90 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. and it is a most beautiful, sparkling cascade, which delights every one who visits It. On about three miles further, and the traveler is at the celebrated " Falls of Minnehaha," Laughing Water. These falls are formed by a little stream of remarkable purity and clearness, the outlet of lakes Minneton- ka, Calhoun, Amelia, and Rice. In its course to the Mississippi, at a distance of nearly a mile from it, the stream makes a perpendicular leap of fifty- nine feet, the transparent water foaming and sparkling like diamonds in the sunlight. It has a correct proportion of volume to height and breadth ; in winter it is covered with pyramids and columns of ice ; in summer a perpetual rainbow is seen ; its fall creates a cheerful mu*ic ; it is surrounded by pleasing natural scenery on all sides. Inscribed Mankato, Minn. page 101 on the trees, arbors, benches, bridges, and rocks, are names of tourists from all parts of our own and from many foreign countries, who have been here to see the Falls of Minnehaha, made memorable by Longfellow "In the land of the Dakotas, where they flash and gleam among the oak trees, laugh and leap into the valley." On from Minnehaha, in view of one of the most magnificent natural panoramas ever beheld in any country, and soon in sight and hearing of the roar- ing and foaming cataract, the Falls of St. Anthony, and the massive mills and manufactories of Min- neapolis. Across the river, and below the Falls, are the beautiful little cascades "Fawn's Leap," "Silver Cascade ;" also the Chalybeate Springs, which flow out from the limestone rock on the bank of the river ; they are strongly impregnated with iron, sulphur, magnesia, and other minerals, and the water has proven beneficial in many cases. Niccolett Island, about 2,000 feet long by 700 wide, is situated in the river, shaded by fine elm, maple and other native trees, and beautified by the residents. It is a charming retreat. Other points of resort here, and near here, are mentioned else- where. The best hotels of St. Paul are : The Merchants, The Metropolitan, The Park Place Hotel, and The International. Minneapolis. The city of Minneapolis, (which now includes within its corporate limits what was the city of St. Anthony, one of the oldest settlements west of the Lakes), the county seat of the wealthy and popu- lous county of Hennepin, possesses signal advan- tages, natural and artificial, which invite the atten- tion of all classes of settlers, and every variety of industry, -x^ and must inevitably become a great central point for the production, collection and distribution of the manufac- tured products, to supply the population which is rapidly occupying the vast extent of country tributary and natur- ally dependent on it the home of a progressive people, and the theatre of an impor- tant destiny, which is plainly foreshadowed in what has already been accomplished, and what is projected and in course of accomplishment. It has, in a little more than a single decade, acquired a population of over thirty thousand people. A leading feature of the city, which is especially noticeable, and an attraction, is the chain of beautiful lakes, about three miles out, which, ere many years shall have elapsed, at the present rapid extension of the corpo- rate boundaries,will be within the city limits. For beauty of surroundings, and crystal clearness, one can scarcely imagine more charming bodies of water than Lakes Harriet and Calhoun, the Lake of the Isles, and Cedar Lake, (the location of the Oak Grove House), while still further on, some fifteen miles distant, Lake Minnetonka, ap- proachable by railroad, and one of the largest and most beautiful sheets of water in the State, offers its charms to the visitor or resident, affording abundance of fish and wild fowl, and sailing and boating. To the east a few miles, is that famed resort, White Bear Lake. Minneapolis itself has many features of the picturesque and beautiful, which call forth tributes of admiration from all who chance to visit it. The principal hotels are : The Niccolett, The Commercial, and Clark's. Cedar Lake. This point is I'our miles, by the ST. PAUL & Sioux CITY RAILROAD, from Minneapolis. On the shores THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 91 fishing, gaming, boating, bathing, driving, and the neatest pleasure gronnds in the Northwest, go to Oak Grove Honee, on the banks of Cedar Lake. The rules peculiar to this house, are these : 1. No liquor is allowed on the premises ; 2. Sunday is observed as a religious day a day of rest ; 3. boat- ing and fishing arc not allowed on Sunday. It may be said, that near this house is a mineral spring, of powerful medicinal virtues. Prom the house can be seen Horseshoe and Cedar lakes, the Lake of the Isles, and Lakes Calhonn and Harriet. of the lake, and on the opposite side from the rail- way station, is The Oak Grove House. The grounds around the hotel, and belonging thereto, cover about one hundred acres of beautifully diver- sified woodland. The house is a fine structure, containing seventy rooms, and is located at Cedar Lake Station, fif- teen miles from St. Paul ; one hundred and twenty- five feet above the former, and one hundred nnd ninety-five above the latter ; from its cupola can be had the finest prospect in the Northwest For home comforts, pure, dry air, fine scenery, good Connected closely with our CHICAGO, ST. PATTL & MADISON LINE, are several lines of road running from St. Paul, and over which we send our passengers and freight, and from which large return business is received. Looking towards Duluth, Bis- mark, or the Manitoba country, we first reach THE LAKE' SUPERIOR & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. The line of this road extends from St. Paul, the head of navigation on the jyiissis- sippi river, to Duluth, at the head of Lake Superior, a distance of 155 miles; also a branch to Stillwater, on the St. Croix river. White Bear Lake, 12 miles from St. Paul, is a popular summer resort, with excellent hunting, . fishing and boating. The principal hotels are Williams', Leip's, and Dunn's, which are sur- rounded by beautiful groves and lawns. Connec- tions are made here for Stillwater and Minneapolis. Stillwater, 24 miles from St. Paul, is situated on the St. Croix river, where connections are made with steamers for the famous " Dalles of the St. Croix." The principal hotel here is The Sawyer House. Forest Lake, 25 miles from St. Paul; Wyo- ming, 30 miles; North Branch, 42 miles; Rush City, 54 miles; Pine City, 64 miles; Hinckley, 77 miles, are small towns surrounded by a fine section of country, and are resorted to by parties desiring quiet locations during the summer months, also by sportsmen in the fall, when deer and other game are abundant, the numerous lakes in the vicinity adding to the attractions. Northern Pacific Junction, 131 miles from St. Paul, and 24 miles from Duluth, is the point of connection with the NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD for Brainerd, Moorhead, Bismark, Fort Garry, and all points in Montana. Thomson, 23 miles from Dulnth, is situated near the head of the Dalles of the St. Louis river, and is the resort of tourists and pleasure seekers. The scenery along the river to Duluth is of a most varied and picturesque character, unsurpassed in the Northwest. Fond outside of St. Paul, a fine brick court house, costing $5,000, stores, grain ware- houses, lumber yards, etc., and is developing a large trade with the rapidly increasing settlement of the surrounding country. Has stage connections to the north with Caledonia, Grand Forks, Pembina, and Fort Garry ; northwest with Devil's Lake, of Min- nesota ; southwest to Norman and Owego ; south to Fort Abercrombie, and Breckenridge, the pres- ent terminus of the St. Paul & Pacific R. R. main line, and Fort Wadsworth, and during the naviga- ble season, is the shipping point by steamers, of the immense trade carried on by the Red river with the British North west, at Winnipeg and Fort Garry. Jamestown, in the valley of the James river, adjoining the Fort Seward Military Reservation, is a small town of some 200 inhabitants with stores, hotels, etc., doing considerable business with Fort Totten, and the Devil's Lake Indian Reservation. B Ism ark, the present terminus of the road, is beauti- fully located on high grounds on the east bank of the Mis- souri river, has a population of about 1,000, with the usual number of stores, hotels, churches, etc., and a heavy trade with the numer- ous military posts and Indian Agencies on the river. From this point the Missouri river is navigable for 1,200 miles to the northwest, and during the season a regular line of boats is run to Fort Benlon, and by the Coulson line of steamers, and the Diamond river overland stages, via Carroll, an established route is made to Helena, in Montana. THE ST. PAUL & PACIFIC RAILROAD. Leaving St. Paul in a northwesterly destination, we have the first Division of the St. Paul & Pacific R. R. Its lines of road are from St. Paul, Minn., to Sauk Rapids, Minn., 76 miles, and from St. Anthony, 10 miles north of St. Paul, to Breckenridge, Minn., 207 miles. 'The west line was completed to Breckenridge, on the Red River of the North, in the latter part of October, 1871. From St. Paul to Sauk Rapids, and from St. Anthony to Breckenridge, the Com- pany have a land grant of ten sections for each mile of road completed, viz. : six sec- tions per mile under act of Congress, approved March 7, 1857, and four sections addi- tional under act of March 3, 1863. The total length of line entitled to these grants, is about 400 miles, and the estimated amount of land accrued and accruing, will be about 1,800,000 acres. 94 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. St. Anthony, 10 miles from St. Paul, is at the junction of the main and branch lines. The far famed water power of St. Anthony Palls furnishes thousands of people with employment in the vari- ous mills located here, and the products of these mechanical enterprises add largely to the business of the railroad. The State University, now in suc- cessful operation, and an excellent high school, are located here. The main line crosses the Mississippi river here, on a substantial bridge, to Minneapolis, and thence, in a northwesterly direction, to the valley of Red river. Wayzata, 28 miles from St. Paul, is a railroad station on Lake Minnetonka, the largest and most beautiful lake in Minnesota, estimated to have a shore line of one hundred miles. It is dotted with beautiful islands, and its shores are mostly covered Collegiate Department, Lake Forest, III. page 105. sides many fine residences. Two newspapers are published in this town. The Railroad Company has an emigrant house here, where emigrants can obtain all the information tftey desire in regard to- the surrounding country, and a temporary home for their families, while they go forth in search of a farm, or more permanent residence. Willmar, 104 miles from St. Paul, the county seat of Kandiyohi county, is situated on the south side of Foot Lake. The Tillage now contains six hotels, also an immigrant house. Willmar is the half-way station between St. Paul and Brecken- ridge, on the Red river. It is the nearest railroad point for a large extent of country on the Upper Minnesota river. The settlements of Yellow Med- icine, and Eed Wood Falls, on the Minnesota river, ate only thirty and thirty-five miles distant from Willmar, and connected by lines of stages. North of Willmar ate the old settlements on Eagle Lake, Lake Nevaden, and the large chain of Nor- way Lakes; all these are tributary and easy of access. For the purpose of ex- periment, and also- to encourage others, the railroad company has planted several thousands of young forest trees around the shores of the lake, which has also added much to beaur tify the town site. Morris, the coun- ty seat of Stevens county, 160 miles from St. Paul, in the valley of the Pomme de Terre river, has attracted the atten- tion of farmer capi- talists. There are with heavy timber, among which appear numerous openings, with the farms of industrious settlers. Wayzata contains several good hotels, filled during the summer season with tourists from, the East. Two steamboats run between Wayzata, Excelsior, and other points on the lake. Liitchfield, 85 miles from St. Paul, a railroad station, is one of the most important points on this line. It is the county seat of Meeker county, and the site of the U. S. District Land Ofilce. In the fall of 1869 there was a grain crop harvested on the laud that is now the site of about two hundred buildings. The town contains several churches, and good schools, hotels, agricultural warehouses, a grain elevator, and other railroad buildings, be- now ten large 1,000. acre farms opened there ; the- first crops of some of them have averaged not lesfr than 22 bushels per acre, which average increases in succeeding years. The soil of this county ap- pears peculiarly adapted for wheat culture. Breckenridge, 217 miles from St. Paul, the present western terminus of the main line of this road, is situated at the confluence of the Bois des Sioux and Otter Tail rivers, forming at this place the Red River of the North. Breckenridge is the county seat of Wilkin county, and is becoming a place of much importance, being at the head of navigation of the Red River of the North, which flows northward through the British Province of Manitoba. The braijch line of this road, extending from St. Anthony Junction north, is com- pleted, and opened to Sauk Rapids, and the extension to Brainerd, at the crossing of the Northern Pacific Railroad, a distance of 60 miles, was located, put under contract, and graded during the year 1871. Tne extension of this line from St. Cloud,, northwest to. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 95 St. Vincent, on the borders of Manitoba, 314 miles, is completed, and operated to Melrose, 34 miles. This extension crosses the Northern Pacific at Glyndon, and is completed and operated from Gli/ruion north to Crookston, a distance of 60 miles. The principal places of importance on the branch line, are Anoka, the county seat of Anoka county, is situated at the mouth of Rum river, 30 miles from St. Paul. It contains about 2,000 inhabitants, has five churches, four saw mills, one flouring mill, and a eash, blind and door factory. Two weekly papers are published here. Ttasca Station, six miles above Anoka. Oppo- site Itasca, at the mouth of Crow river, is the thriv- ing town of Dayton. Elk Kiver Station, is 5 miles from Itasca. The flourishing town of Orono, situated at the mouth of Elk river, 1# miles from the station, contains churches, schools, five saw and grist mills. There is also at the station a hotel, school house, two stores and a saw mill. A stage leaves here tri-weekly for fp Princeton, Minn. At St. Francis, a thriving village on f Rum river, a saw * and grist mill is in successful opera- tion. The town of Princeton, 1'J miles north of Elk river, is a pleasant village of about 500 inhab- itants. It is the headquarters of the lumbermen on the upper Rum river. A fine school house has been built, at a cost of $5,000 ; it also contains two hotels, grist and saw mills. Ferry Hall, Lake Forest, III. page IO5 Big Lake Station, is 50 miles from St. Paul. It is beautifully situated on the borders of a lake, after which it is named. It is the nearest station for the German and Swedish settlements near Eagle Lake ; a good road is constructed, (Elk River is crossed by a substantial bridge near the mouth of the St. Francis river) to Groton, where it inter- sects the State road from Sattk Rapids to Princeton. At Santiago, in Saldwintown, a water power on the St. Krancis river has been made available by the erection of a good saw mill. Becker Station, 7 miles above Big Lake. The surrounding country is largely rich meadow and grazing land. Clear Lake Station, 7 miles northwesterly from Big Lake. At both the above named stations, houses have been erected for the accommodation of immigrants ; they are capable of holding several hundred per- sons at a time. They are provided with cooking stoves and other conveniences. Here the immi- grant can leave his family in perfect safety, and at little expense, while he goes forth into the country to select his future home. The Company does not make any charge to the immigrant for the use of these buildings. There are grain elevators at each of these stations. The beautiful town of Monticello is located on the west bank of the Mississippi- river, 3% miles from Big Lake. It contains about 700 inhabitants, two churches, school houses, and a saw mill. There is a weekly newspaper published here. Clear-water, at the mouth of Clearwater river, and 3 miles from Clear Lake station, contains school houses, churches, a good hotel, and good saw and grist mills. Clearwater \ Lake is particularly j attractive, on ac- 3 count of its large and many small lakes. A. stu;;e leaves here three times- a week for Fair Haven, King- ston, and Forest City. Buffalo, the county seat of Wright county, is anew town on the lain 1 , beautiful lake of the same name, and now has a hotel, a school house, county buildings, and two saw mills. Fair Haven, is 17 miles southwest from Clear Lake station. It contains a hotel, a church, school house, and a saw and grist mill. East St. Cloud Station, is 74 miles northwes- terly from St. Paul. Near this station are extensive granite quarries, which are now being worked, and will produce an unlimited supply of the finest build- ing stone in the State. There is a grain elevator at this station, and a fine wagon bridge spans the Mis- sissippi,' leading into the centre of the city of St. Cloud. Sauk Rapids, the present terminus of this road, and the county seat of Benton county, is 2 miles above East St. Cloud. It is a town of considerable importance, and rapidly growing in population and business. It is located on the east bank of the Mis- sissippi river, at the falls o-f Sauk Rapids, from which it derives its name. The Mississippi river at this point is 600 feet wide, and has a fall of 18 feet in one mile, affording a water power surpassed only by the Falls of St. Anthony, and equaled by no water power in the Northwest. Sauk Rapids already 96 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. contains two spacious hotels, churches, and school houses. The same granite ledge referred to at East St. Cloud, also extends to this place, and quarries were operled for the purpose of constructing the dam of the Water Power Company. In the course of this work it was discovered that the granite reached several feet below the surface, and improved so much in quality that it equals, if not surpasses, the famous Quincy granite. Near Watab, 5 miles above Sank Rapids, new quarries have been lately opened, containing awhile granite almost equal to marble. St. Cloud, the largest commercial town above St. Anthony, contains about 4,000 inhabitants. It has several hotels, school houses, five churches, two saw mills, sash, blind and door factories, etc. Three weekly" papers are issued here. The St. Vin- cent extension of the branch line starts from this point. It is over 300 miles long. It passes through the fertile Sank Valley, touching nearly all the principal towns therein, viz.- St. Joseph, Mtlrose, Sank Center. Osakis, Alexandria, and many others, the trade of which will largely increase the business of St. Cloud. There is, in connection with this Company, a Land Department, for the disposal of the lands acquired by the act of Congress. These lands have been reserved from sale since 1857, and are now offered to actual settlers. They are the odd numbered sections, situated on either side of, and within twenty miles of, the lines of railroad. The even numbered sections have been, for the most part, disposed of under the homestead and pre-emption laws. The railroad lands are offered at low prices and upon easy terms. TO SPARTA, WINONA, AND BEYOND. We have to retrace our steps, and find our way back to Elroy, but in this case there is no hardship, for we step into a magnificent Pullman Palace car at the depot, used by the West Wisconsin Railway at Minneapolis or St. Paul, and in ten hours are back to Elroy. Here we change cars if we come from the north, but if from Chicago we do not, as we have beon in one of the Pullman Palace cars that runs through from Chicago to Winona on each through train. It should be borne in mind that the Chica- go & North- Western Railway is the only road that runs the^e cars between Chicago and Sparta and Winona, and any point in Wisconsin or Minnesota. Do not overlook this fact when you are selecting your route by which to visit any of these northwestern points. Comfort and safety are always secured if you are securely fixed in a Pullman Sleeper. We must push westward. After leaving Elroy, and passing westward, we find Glendale, 217 miles from Chicago. This village of 200 people, is in the midst of a fine trouting coun- try. Many streams, almost alive with brook trout, are found within 4 to 6 miles. Game is quite plen- tiful. The Glendale House, by W. R. Hart, offers good fare to the sportsman. Large quantities of manufactured wagon stock are shipped from here. Kendalls, 219 miles from Chicago, is not an im- portant, but is a growing station. It has three hotels. Lake Torrence is half a mile distant, and is stocked with brook trout. Albinville, 4 miles dis- tant, Homewood and Clifton, each 10 miles, are reached daily by stuge. Wilton, 228 miles from Chicago, population 500, is built at the head waters of Kickapoo creek, which, with lateral streams, are full of brook trout. Bear, deer and squirrel are found in the surround- ing forests, while prairie chickens, partridee, pheas- ants, quail and grouse are plentiful in the clearings. The village contains good schools, two churches, flour and saw mills, a town hall, and two hotels. Ontario, 10 miles south, and Jiidgeville, 2fr miles distant, are reached by stage. Norwalk, 233 miles from Chicago, population BOO. Brook trout streams, and many kinds of game, are found in the vicinity. Summit , 236 miles from Chicago, is at the south end of tunnel No. 3, which is three-fourths of a mile long. On this part of the line will be found three long tunnels through the hills, and much pictur- esque and wild scenery. Sparta, 246 miles from Chicago, is an incorpo- rated village of four thousand inhabitants, and one of the finest inland towns of Central Wisconsin. Situated in a fertile valley, entirely surrounded by gigantic bluffs and rocky elevations, near the head waters of the La Crosse river, it presents, with its handsome white painted dwellings and church edi- fices, its costly business houses and public build- ings, with streets adorned with natural and culti- vated foliage, the appearance of a prosperous South- ern country-seat. Its surroundings arc picturesque, and even romantic. To the northwest, and at a distance of five miles, can be seen Castle Rock, towering majestically to a height of seven hundred feet above the level of the river, standing like a silent sentinel on the top of the encircling cordon of bluffs that surround the valley. From its lofty Hiimmit can be feen the blue hil!s of Minnesota, across the " Father of Waters," and an extended panorama of hill and dale is presented to the admir- ing gaze. Looking back to the southward, the eye rests in summer on the verdure-covered plain below, dotted over with its nice farm houses, teem- ing fields of grain, and crystal streams of pure soft water, abounding plentifully with the finest of THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 97 speckled trout, affording sport and recreation for the" troutist," in the midst of which Sparta stands. Monarch of the Valley. Pleasure drives and hunt- ing grounds are numerous. Delightful camping places and pic-nic resorts are everywhere to be founa beneath the ridges that encircle the town. In addition to the general natural and artificial advantages and attractions which Sparta presents, it offers special inducements to those in search of health or cure of diseases. To this class, nature, art and science seem to have combined and concen- trated here the means for the treatment and suc- cessful rejuvenating and curing those suffering from ailments incident to life in less favored local- ities. In October, 1867, the boring of an artesian well was undertaken, ft r the purpose of supplying the vil- lage with water. This object was successfully ac- complishcd- a supply of mineral water was unex- pectedly obtained at a depth of three hundred and fifteen feet, which is free to all visitors. Several of these wells have since been sunk, and a careful analysis, by accomplish- ed experts, haa demon- strated that the water possessed remarkable medicinal and curative properties. Dm ing the year 1875, not less than twenty-five thousand strangers par- took of the healing wa- ter of these remarkable wells, who, without a single exception, made unreserved acknowledg- ment of the benefits they had received in conse- quence thereof. A thor- ough analysis of it re- veals the fact that the water has 110 superior as a chalybeate and tonic water, on this continent or tn Europe. The hotel accommodations of Sparta are excel- lent. The Warner. The Ida, The American, The Windship, The Wagner, The Bates, and The Laird hotels furnish ample accommodations. All of the comforts, conveniences and essential luxuries, are to be had for less than half the cost of the same M the Eastern watering places. Sparta has a large trade in grain in wheat es- pecially ; more than 1,000,000 bushels of grain, and 50,000 barrels of flour are shipped from here annually. It has a paper mill, making 40.COO pounds of paper daily, a county court house, opera house that seats COO persons, one public hall, The Ida, seating 800, two newspapers, and three banks. Trout are abundant, there being over 250 miles of trout streams in the county (Monroe). Perch Lake was artificially stocked with perch. Bear in mind that the direct route from Chicago to Sparta, is by the old reliable North-Western road. Do not be deceived in buying tickets to Sparta, by longer and more circuitous routes. Leon, 4 miles south, Angela, Smiles, Cataract, It miles north, St. Mary's, 10 miles southeast, Coon, 25 miles south, Viroqua, 32 miles south, and Onta- rio, 30 miles southeast, are tributary, and are reached by daily stage. HERSEYVILLE, 250 miles, and FISH CREEK, 252 miles from Chicago, are unim- portant stations. Bangor, 255 miles from Chica2o, is a village of 600 inhabitants, 16 miles cast of the Mississippi river. It has three hotels, oire woolen mill, three churches, and a good school. Excellent fishing and shooting can be found close to the village, in the La Crosse river, within a fourth of a mile of the town. Pike, pickerel, black and rock bass, and several other varieties of fish, are found in great abundance. A fine (brook) trout stream flows through the village, and half a mile from it is a large artificial trout pond, fully stocked with fish. In the woods which surround the village, art found deer, squirrel, and wild turkeys. Many bird- dogs are kept here for hire, and there is also a pack of hounds for fox hunting, owned by the Hon. John Bradley, who has a summer residence at t hU Highland Hall, Highland Park, III. page .104. place. The Bangor House, by E. A. De Van, will be found to b j a comfortable home for hunters. West Salem, 260 miles from Chicago, is in La Crosse county, 1 mile from La Crosse river. Min- doro, North, Bend, and Melrose, are tributary. The village contains GOO peop'.c, and has a good graded school with four departments, three churches, one hotel, and one public artesian we 1 .!. Wlnona Junction, 267 miles from Chicago. This station is our depot for the city of LA CROSSE, 2>$ miles down the river. La Croese contains over 10,000 inhabitants, and is a fine business centre. We here reach the line of the La Crosse, Trempea- leau & Prescott Railroad, now owned by the Chi cago & North- Western Railway, and forming from this point to Winona, 30 miles distant, the western end of the present Madison division of the Chicago & Xorth-\Vestern Railway. Onalaska, 260 miles from Chicago. This village has 500 people; is 5 miles from the city of La Crosse, to which stages run twice daily, connecting with both our passenger trains. A stage also runs from here via Melrose to Black River Falls, three times each week. Considerable lumbering is carried on at 98 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. this station. From this point a line of railroad is being built into La Crosse, and soon we shall have our through trains running into that enterprising city. Midway, 273 miles from Chicago. New Amster- dam, Smiles distant, McOilroy'8 Ferry, 5 miles, Gale's Ferry, uncLStevenstown, Smiles, are tributa- ry. La Crosse, 8 miles distant, is reached by stage. Trempealeau, 284 miles from Chicago, is in Trempealeau county, (a large but not densely pop- ulated county,) 7 miles from Galesville, the cap.- Ital of the county, and has 600 inhabitants. PINE CREEK, 291 miles, MARSHLAND, 292 miles, and BLUFF SIDE, 295 miles from Chicago, are new sta- tions. We have now reached the Mississippi river, and will cross it on a fine bridge, built at a cost of W. S. Ingraham's Cold Fish Pond, Waukegan, IIL page 105 $350,000 by the Chjcago & North- Western Railway Co., and at 297 miles from Chicago reach Winona. This city of 11,000 persons, is the cap- ital of Winona county, Minn., which was organized in 1854, and has 28,000 inhabitants. Lake Winona adjoins the city limits, and in an early day was so noted for its game, that its surroundings were named " Prairie aux Isle," or " Prairie of Winged Fowl." Some years after it was named Wabasha Prairie, after the Sioux chief of that name, whose tribe for many generations made this location its home. The county is quite famous for its trout streams. The city of Winona is the largest and most important commercial city in Southern Minnesota, and the third in point of population in the State, and is sit- uated on a beautiful level prairie, on the west bank of the Mississippi river. The first white settlement made in this place was in 1851. Winona is noted for the natural beauty of its site ; for its healthfulness ; for the air of taste, comfort, and culture which pervades its residences ; for its excellent system of schools ; and generally for its thrift, energy, and commercial activity. It has the best system of graded schools in Minnesota, and is, in addition, the seat of the first State Normal School, an exceedingly well conducted and successful insti tution, for the training of teachers. The business portion of the town is compactly and substantially built of brick and stone, thp streets are wide and regularly laid out, and its whole ap- pearance betokens business activity and prosperity. It has public school houses that cost $235,000, a Normal School building that cost $82,000, seventeen churcnea that cost $250,000, six lum- | ber firms that sell 50,000,000 feet of lumber yearly, six 1 flour mills one being the largest in the State two foundries, five sash, door and blind factories, two bar- rel factories, a court house and jail, three fine public halls, seating 2,100 persons, many hotels and manufac- tories not named above, and a large number of whole- sale and retail business houses. Stages run daily to Alma and Fountain City, three times a week to Rush- ford, and twice weekly to Houston. We have thus briefly sketched the history and business condition of the- be;:utiful and prosperous young city of Winona. Having attained its present growth and prosperity un- der many adverse circumstances, there is abun- dant reason to believe that now, with important and increasing railroad facilities secured with a position admirably adapted to the carrying on of extended commercial and manufacturing opera- tionsand with a liberal minded and energetic population its future will be as bright and suc- cessful as its most sanguine founders ever dared to hope for. To reach this pleasant and prosperous city, you must take the trains of the Chicago & North- West- ern Railway Company, as it is the only line that controls the entire route from Chicago to this point. FINE LAND AT LOW RATES. The CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY has, through the Winona & St. Peter Railroad Company, for sale, in tracts of 40 acres and upwards, at from $S THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. to $10 per acre (on time), about 1,104,664 acres of choice farming lands in the State of Minnesota, and the Territory of Dakota, along the line of said Winona& St. Peter Rail- road, between Winona, on the Mississippi river, and Lake Kampeska, in the Territory of Dakota. These lands are very desirable for the production of wheat, barley, oats, and other small grain, and all other farm products usually raised in that latitude. They are well watered by springs and clear running streams. The spring seasons are early, and under the warm summer days of Minnesota and Dakota, the warm and friable soil of these lands will richly repay the husbandman for his labor thereon with abundant crops. Minnesota lands, as is well known, produce the greatest number of bushels of wheat per acre, on the average, which is of the finest quality, and commands the highest prices in market of any wheat raised in the United States of America. Full particulars of these lands can be obtained by addressing GEORGE P. GOODWIN, Land Commissioner of the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company, Chicago, 111. Minnesota City, 303 miles from Chicago, is on Rolling Stone river, and has lino water power, on which are two flour mills, one of six and the other of thirteen run of stone, manufacturing 90,000 to 100,000 barrels of flour, and buying over 2,000,000 bushels of wheat yearly. Brook trout in consider- able numbers are caught in the streams at the head waters of the river. Population of village, 500. Stockton, 308 miles from Chicago. Population, 750. Is located in a valley surrounded by timbered bluffs It contains a flour mill, school, hotel, and two churches. Lewiston, 316 miles from Chicago, is a pretty village of 400 people. Utica, 319 miles from Chicago. Population, 200. Has one hotel, three grain elevators, and a good school. St. Charles, 325 miles from Chicago. Is an active, bustling city of 1,500 people. The city is built in a valley, is surrounded with wooded bluffs, and has one graded school, seven churches, and three hotels. Dover, 329 miles from Chicago, is in Olmstead county, Is strictly a temperance town, and has four grain elevator?, handling 600,000 bushels of wheat yearly, two hotels, and 200 inhabitants. Chatfield, 10 miles south, and Plainview, 10 miles north, are reached by stage. Eyota, 334 miles from Chicago, has a population of 500 persons, a good school of two departments, one church, a public hall that rents at $10 per night, and one hotel. Elgin, 11 miles northwest, is reached weekly by stage. Chester, 341 miles from Chicago, is a village of 200 people. Rochester, 347 miles from Chicago, Is the county seat of Olmstead county, which was organized in 1858, and now has 21,000 people resident therein. The Zumbro (?)and Root rivers run through the county, and besides furnishing ample water power, thoroughly drain the land. Two-thirds of the county is of gently undulating prairie, and the rest heavily wooded with oak, hickory, maple, and other hard woods. The soil is fertile and not sur- passed in' richness by any in the State. The city of Rochester contains about 5,000 people, and is loca- ted in a beautiful valley about two miles wide, through which the Zumbro (?) river runs. Pictur- esque biuffs lie along the valley, from the crests of which many fine views are obtained. The city has wide streets, fine business houses, large manufac- tories, fine residences, eleven churches, and several schools ; one school building cost $75,000, and two others $7,000 each. The court house is a fine brick structure, and cost $50,000. Two public halle, seat- ing 1,500 people, furnish ample facilities for theatres, concerts, and other shows. Three hotels furnish first class fare for transient guests. At the depot is a first class eating house, by C. C. Morrill, at which all passenger trains stop for meals. Four stage lines centre here, viz. : High Forest, via Steivarlsville, 15 miles, fare $1.00 ; Spring Valley, via Marion and Pleasant Grove, 34 miles, fare $1.50 ; l.uk> City, via Oronoco, Mazeppa, Bear Valley, and Lincoln, 40 miles, fare $?.50 ; Red Wing, via Orono- co, Pine Island, and Zumbro, 47 miles, fare $3.25. Game is abundant on the prairie around the city. Olmstead, 352 miles from Chicago, an unimpor- tant station. Byron, 356 miles from Chicago. Population, 200. Is 3 miles from Zumbro ( f ) river, has a school, two churches, and one hotel. Kasson, 362 miles from Chicago. This is a handsome village of 1,500 people. It has doubled its population in the last two years. Is surrounded by one of the largest wheat growing districts in the State. It has a fine hotel, four churches, and two schools. Dodge Centre, 368 miles from Chicago. Is in Dodge county, 8 miles from Mantorvillt, the county seat, which has a population of 1,000, and with" Wasioga, 6 miles, and Concord, 2 miles distant from Dodge Centre, are reached by daily stage. The village has 900 inhabitants, and has wide, shaded streets in fact, there are so many shade and ornamental trees within the limits, that the citizens call their place "The Park City." The principal hotel is The Kinney House. Claremont, 375 miles from Chicago. Popula- tion, 200. Is in the midst of a fine farming country. Wild land sells from $6 to $25 per acre. Havana, 382 miles from Chicago. An unimpor- tant station, opened in 1875. Owatonna, 387 miles from Chicago. The name is from an Indian word, "Ouitunya," meaning straight, hence Straight river is the official name of the stream on which this city is built. This is the capital of Steel county, which was organized in 1854, and has 11,000 100 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. inhabitants. This city is in the centre of a very fertile county, and has a large trade in grain, mer- chandise, and agricultural implements. It has fine schools, two churches, a cheese factory, using the milk of 400 cows, stone-ware factory, Sour mills .an opera house, three banks, with $200,000 capital, three newspapers, and a number of large manufac- tures. It has eight hotels, three at least being first class. The court house is well built, and adapted for county business. Mineral springs have been discovered H miles from the city, and are being developed by a company who own the land on which nine of the springs are located. The water of one of the springs is said to resemble that of the celebrated Vichy. Dodge City, Morion, Albert Lea, and Freeborn, are reached by stage from this station. Jtice, Beaver, and Oak Glen Lakes arc 2 to 4 miles distant from the depot. At this point we cross the IOWA & MINNESOTA division of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, and find direct rail connections (orMedford, 6 miles, Faribault, 15 miles, Dundas, 26 miles, and Northfleld, 29 miles distant. Passengers for these points should see that thqjr tickets read via the Chicago & Nbrth-Westcrn Railway, all the way from Chicago to Owatonna. Meriden, 396 miles from Chi- cago, is a village of 100 people. Waseca, 402 miles from Chi- cago, is the county seat of Waseca county, which was or- ganized in 1857. This is one of the best wheat counties in the State. The name is Dakota In- dian, and means "The Laud of Plenty." In the early history of this county are some features that will bear repeating. The first settlers reached here Feb- ruary 7, 1855, and found the snow five feet deep. They built a house of logs,- " chinked" it with grass, and " banked it up" with snow. The nearest settlement was in Iowa, 100 miles south. In 1857 the credit of the county was so poor, and money so scarce, that the county authori- ties in borrowing money on the credit of the county, had to pay interest at the rate of five per cent, per month, and that for fifteen months at a time. The winter of 1858-'9 set in early, and was of unusual length and sever- ity. Family supplies and food of all kinds became scarce, and before spring were exhausted. Corn bran alone was left, and for weeks was the only food used by the people. When the snow melted, wild roots were dug, which with milk, served the people for many weeks. Finally the plant ginseng was found in the woods, and farmers, lawyers, doctors, priests, and all the peo- ple, dug up its roots and sent them to Dubuque, Iowa, over 200 miles, for a market, and from the proceeds managed to live until the next harvest was ripe. What a change time has wrought ! Now the county is thickly set- tled with a rich population, does not owe a dollar, and is in every way prosperous and prospering. The village was laid out in 1858, and now contains a population of 1,500 persons. Its court house is of THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 101 brick, and it has good schools, seven churches, brick business blocks, banks, public halls, flour mills, grain elevators, and good hotels. Janes villo, 413 miles from Chicago, a village of 700 people, in Waseca county, on the outlet of Lake Elyrian, a beautiful body of pure, clear water, 7 miles long. The lake is stocked with many varieties offish. Salmon have recently been introduced. Oka- man at the head of the lake, and Alma, G miles south, arc reached by stage. The village contains a grain elevator, holding 45,000 bushels, schools, three churches, a flour mill with four run of stone, and two hotels. The celebrated Lake Elyrian farm of Col. Charles Do Graff, adjoins the village, contains 2,700 acres, and is thoroughly stocked with bloodetl animals, amongst which ia a large herd of Alderncys. Eagle Lake, 421 i.'.lcs from Chicago. This sta- tion is in Blue Earth county, and in the centre of "The Big Woods," which runs along the Minnesota river for over 100 miles. The village contains 300 people, four school*, one church, saw and flour mills, one grain elevator, and one hotel. The Tillage is built on the shore of Eagle L-ikc, which is 5 miles in circumference, and la '-full cf flsh." No better water-fowl shooting grounds can be found in the country. Reed birds arc found in countless numbers. Madison Lake, -10 miles in circumfer- ence, is 3 miles north, James- town, 14 miles cast, Tivo'.a, 8 miles cast, WlnnebaQO Agency, 5 miles distant, arc tributary. The La Sucur river is 5 miles cast. Mankato, 432 miles from Chicago. This is one of the finest, largest, most thriving and growing cities in the State. It is the county scat of Blue Earth county, and contains over 5,500 inhabit- ants. Five rivers converge here*, and empty into the Min- nesota river ; they arc the Blue Earth, Maple, Cobb, 1 La Suenr, and Wau- tomvun, and cause the vicinity to be called the "Undine Region." In the county arc also 80 lakes : Loon, Crystal, Jackson's, Eagle, Rice, Madison, Laura, Wilte, and Minncopn, being the largest. The Falls of Minncopa, on the outlet of lakes Crystal and Loon, are very fine, and are claimed to be finer than Minnehaha in many respects. We give two views of these falls. One, a winter scene, shows the beautifying effect of winter-work on the cataract and its surroundings. La Sucur, a French voyagcur, built in 1700 Fort L. Hillier, on the site of Mankato, and a portion of the ruins arc etill preserved. Wild land C to 12 miles from Mankato, can bo bought for from $10 to $13 per acre, while cultivated farms sell for from $30 to $50 per acre. In 1875. 1,500,000 bushels of wheat were sold from this county. In the city are three schools, each having 500 scholars, Catholic and Lutheran church schools, twelve churches, oil works, woolen mill, two plow factories, two iron foundries and machine shops, fifteen hotels, an academy of music, that cost $20,000, Tumor's hall, that cost $10,000, several Hour mills, a paper mill, and a driving park. Ten or twelve flowing artesian wells supply ample water for public uses. The Jesuits arc erecting a fine college building. Sports- men can have rare sport here, game and flsh abound- ing. THE ST. PAUL & Sioux CITY R. R. here gives us rail connections for the country traversed by that line. Kasota, 434 miles from Chicago. . This village is 8 miles west of Cleveland, the county scat, of La Sueur county, which is reached by stage, fare 75c. The McAllister Springs, Waukegan, III. page IO5. Around the village are many beautiful little lakes, from which fish may be taken in any season of the year. The Minnesota State insane asylum is one mile north, and a State prison is being erected adja- cent. The Kasota House, by J. W. Babcock, is the best hotel. St. Peter, 437 miles from Chicago. In Nicollct county, 134 miles from St. Paul, by river the Minnesota, or as once called, the St. Peter may be found this city of 3,500 souls. It is built on ter- races, on the left bauk of the river, and has a very attractive and picturesque location. Many lakes arc near the city, and one of them. Lake Emily, has recently been stocked with Atlantic salmon. The city contains three hotels, afinc brick school house, that cost $28,000, and seven less costly ones. The Swedish Lutheran church has a college here, the 102 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. buildings and grounds costing over $50,000, of which $5,000 was given by the county, and $5.000 and the land by the city. The State asylum for the insane, situated between Kasota and St. Peter, occupies buildings that cost $470,000 ; they are very com- plete, and are heated by steam. Oshawa, 447 miles from Chicago, is 'a village of 800 persons. Ntcollet, 451 miles from Chicago, has a popu- lation of 300, was laid out in 1874, has a grain eleva- tor, holding 60,000 bushels, one hotel, and a plow factory. Swan Lake, one mile northwest, is 15 miles long by 10 wide, and is full of heavily tim- bered islands. The Wanpeton band of Sioux Indians claim this lake as their home, and twice yearly return to its shores to offer sacrifices to their gods, or to the dead in their burial place, on the shores of the lake. Milwaukee Previous to 1835. page IO8 Courtland, 459 miles from Chicago, is a new station. New Ulm, 467 miles from Chicago, is the county eeat of Brown county, which was organized in 1855, and immediately received from Chicago over 300 Germans, who have since attracted many hundred families of their countrymen to the city and county. The city shows many marks of German thrift and care, and is noted for its stability and conservatism. Turner Hall, and Arbities Hall, together cost over $80,000, and serve as gathering places for the socia- ble inhabitants. St. Michael's academy has the best building in the city. It is occupied by the Sis- ters of the Congregation of Christian Love, who, on being expelled from Prussia by order of Prince Bismark, were invited to settle here. In 1862 the city having 200 houses and 2,000 people, was besieged by Sioux Indians, who had ravaged the county for many miles around. After abandoning their homes, the people took possession of and held a large brick house, and successfully withstood the attacks of the Indians, until they were relieved by soldiers sent here for that purpose. That loop-holed house still stands. Redwood falls, 45 miles, and Beaver, 40 miles distant, are reached by stage. In the sum- mer a steamer also runs to Beaver, via the Minne- sota river. We now leave the older settled part of the line, and reach the border. Sleepy-Eye Lake, 480 miles from Chicago. The lake and the village are named after a celebrated Dakota Indian, by name " Ish-tahm-ba," or Sleepy- Eye. The village has 300 inhabitants. Game abounds in the vicinity, and many varieties of fish in the lakes, of which, besides Sleepy-Eye, there are several. Golden Gate, 7 miles, Iberia, 5 miles, and Leavenworth, 7 miles, are tributary post-villages, and are reached by stage. Running west 65 miles, we pass through a beautiful prairie country, that i s but now .being settled. Three years ago no settler had made a home beyond Sleepy-Eye Lake, and not until the railroad was completed through this section could any lands be se- cured. Burns, Cotton- wood, Walnut Grove, lake Shetek, and Sar- atoga, are sta- tions without agents. Marshall, 545 miles northwest of Chicago, is the most westerly sta- tion having an agent. It is the county seat of Ly- on county, which has less than 4,000 people in it, all told. The village has a population of 500, and is built on Redwood river. It has a school, two churches, two hotels, and is grow- ing rapidly. Camden, 9 miles southwest, Lake Ben- ton, 25 miles, Granite Falls, 30 miles, Nordland, 12 miles, Redwood falls, 40 miles, Lac Qui Parle, 28 miles, State Line, 40 miles distant, are reached by stages weekly. Forts Thompson and Sully, on the Missouri river, about 165 miles distant, are also reached by stage from this station. With the open- ing of the Black Hills to the gold hunter and emi- grant, this must prove a good outfitting point, as it is well known that the entire route from this point to the Missouri river is over a fertile prairie, heavily covered with nutritious grasses, with plenty of wood and water. The railroad is built from here through Lac Qui Parle, State Line, Dakota, Coteau, and Prairie, to Lake Kampeska, 624 miles from Chicago, but as the country is as yet unsettled, these stations have no agents. No finer country can be found anywhere than lies along this line, and now that these lands are in the market, they will soon be settled as thickly as any other part of the line. THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. 103 THE MILWAUKEE DIVISION, AND ITS CONNECTIONS. Leaving Chicago from the depot at the corner of West Kinzie and Canal streets, this line follows along the western shore of Lake Michigan, and so close thereto, that the lake, with its steamers and sailing vessels, are almost always in sight from the trains. It passes through a succession of beautiful and flourishing towns and villages, amongst which will be found Evanston, Highland Park, Lake Forest, Waukegan, Glen Flora, Kenosha, Racine, and Milwaukee. These are all pleasant summer resorts, and offer to the summer resident many facilities that cannot be found further away from the great cities. Besides the above named, along this line are a large number of pretty villages, in which the summer can be spent pleasantly and quietly. Bear in mind that all of these places enjoy the breezes from the lake, and from most of them the lake is but a few minutes walk distant. To reach any of these places, you must take the Chicago & North- Western Railway, as it is the only line that reaches them, or that runs along the lake shore. Suburban trains are run from Chicago, so as to accommodate those living on this line, but doing business in Chicago. Below will be found a tabular statement, showing rates of fare, in effect June 1st, 1876, (liable to change) : COMMUTATION RATES MILWAUKEE DIVISION. Distances from Chicago. BETWEEN aDBHO-A-Gi-O AND Single Ticket. 10 Ride Ticket, unlim- ited. 30 Rides,Familv Ticket, good for 4 Months. 100 Rides, Individual Ticket. Number MonthtlOO Ride Tickets are good. Annual Ticket. First Half-Yearly Ticket. _>. 1 1 ?! H en 5 3 Belle Plalne 20 1 40 320 720 3 4000 2400 1900 S 8 Ravens wood .21 1.55 3.50 7.20 3 43.00 2600 20.00 6 7 Summerdale .25 1.80 400 7.20 3 48.00 2900 2200 7 7 Rose Hill .27 205 460 9 30 3 55 00 3300 25 00 9 1 Rogers' Park .30 2.40 550 12 00 4 65.00 89.00 29.00 10 2 Calvary .85 2.70 6 10 12 70 4 6600 4000 3000 10 8 South Kvanston 40 285 650 1400 71 50 42 50 82 50 11 8 42 8 15 7 10 14 70 4 72 00 4300 8300 18 I North E vanston .45 850 7.90 1575 4 72.50 43 50 3350 14 Wllmette .50 870 8 40 1700 4 7500 4500 3400 16 5 \Vlnnetka 60 4 40 9 90 18 50 4 7600 46 00 3400 17 5 Lake Side .62 465 1050 19.40 4 77.00 4700 3500 18 9 .65 500 11 40 21 00 4 8000 4800 3600 21 8 Ravinia .75 565 12.80 22.40 4 8300 5000 3700 22 9 Highland Park .80 6.05 13.80 23.50 4 8500 51 00 8800 24 2 85 640 14 60 2420 4 8800 5300 41 00 28.0 Lake Forest 1 00 7.40 16.80 28.00 4 95.00 5700 4300 80 1 I lor k him 1 1 8.00 18.10 3000 4 10000 6000 4500 35 6 1 25 945 21 40 85 50 5 11000 6600 50 00 87.3 Glen Flora 1 30 9.90 22.40 87.30 5 11200 66 00 52.00 89 9 Benton 1 40 10.60 24 00 4000 5 117 00 69 00 5100 51 4 1 80 13 65 SO 90 51 00 g 150 00 9000 67 00 61.7 Racine 2 15 < 16.85 87 XX) 61 00 g 86.0 Milwaukee 8.00 22.50 tsi.oo ily Ticket! limited to Four Monthi t Family Tickets limited to Six Months. Leaving the city, 6 miles out we come to Ravenswood, a rapidly growing village with 1,000 people, and having good schools, churches, etc. Summerdale is 7 miles out. ROSE HILL with its cemetery, is 8 miles from Chicago. The village is called Lake View, and the post office Havelock. Boiomanville is 1 mile distant. ROGERS' PARK is 9 miles from Chicago ; first house built in 1872, and is now a pleasant village. CALVARY with its ceme- ery. is 10 miles from Chicago. SOUTH EVANSTON, EVANSTON, and NORTH EVANSTON, are 11, 12 and 13 miles distant from Chicago, and together have about 10,000 inhabitants. Evanston was founded in 1853, by the North- Western University. The village was named after Dr. John Evans, since Governor of Col- orado. It is strictly a temperance town, no liquor being allowed to be sold within four miles of the station. It is the site of the Union Theological School and Woman's College. Sixteen hundred 104 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. students are being educated here. In the city are gas works, water woiks, twelve churches, one news- paper, banks, and many fine business houses. Wilmette, (Indian, Ouilmette) is 14 miles from Chicago, and has 500 residents. It is located in a natural grove of hard wood trees, which lend their attractions to the place. AVinnetka. The name is said to be Indian, for "Beautiful Land," which well describes the village. It has a population of 900 souls, four churches, fine schools, one of COD scholars, a hotel for 100 guests, and business houses enough to v supply all the com- mercial wants of th'e people. This also is a temper- ance village. LAKE SIDE, 18 miles out, is agrow- ing village. GLEXCOE, 19 miles from Chicago, was first settled by W. S. Gurnee, in 1869, and has now 500 residents. The village is half a mile from the station, and has natural groves, good water, schools, and churches. RAVINIA, 21 miles from Chicago, is Lake Dells, Milwaukee, Wis. .pushing itself into notice as a pleasant suburb of Chicago. Highland Park, 23 miles from Chicago, has a charming location, on high bluffs overlooking Lake Michigan. The town was laid out by a company that has spent much money in building streets and walks, and otherwise improving it. It has several good schools, four churches, and excellent society. Highland Ilall was built for a hotel, and is used for that purpose from May to September, while, during the rest of the year, it is occupied as a Collegiate In- stitution for the education of young ladies, with the following broad and comprehensive curriculum : A Preparatory Department with the uual Ele- mentary Branches, pursued with great thorough- ness ; a Department of Literature including Gram- mar, Ancient, Medieval and Modern History, Ehet- oric, Composition, Literature, and Criticism ; a Department of Natural Science including Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Mineralogy, Geology, Zool- ogy, and Botany ; a Mathematical Department- including Algebra, Book-Kccping, Geometry, Trig- onometry, and its applications ; a Department of Hygiene- including Physiology, Anatomy, CaMs- thenics, and Practical Lessons in care of the Health; a Department of Languages Latin and Greek, French, German, Spanish, and Italian ; a Depart- ment of Philosophy Mental and Moral, Logic and Civil Government ; a Department of Music the Piano, the Organ, the Guitar, Harmony and Thor- ough Bass, Individual Vocal Tra'ning, and Class Drill ; a Department of . Fine Art Drawing in all styles, Painting in Oils and Water Colors, Modeling and Sculpture ; a Department of Practical Art- including Telegraphy, Wood Engraving, etc. ; an Optional course selected from the foregoing studies, to suit individual wants ; with careful instruction in Morals and the Manners of Good Soci- ety ; all under the instruction of able Professors and Teachers. President Weston, who will have charge, says : " In transferring our educational work from Lake- Forest to High- land Park, it is proper to state to a the public the reason! of the change. The trus- tees of the Lake Forest University having revived the long - cherished project of building up a grand institu- tion in the inter- ests of the Pres- byterian church, have determined to unite the La- dies' Seminary '] (Ferry Hall), and 1 the Boys' Acad- ' emy, under one presidency, and thus to 'lay the foundation- of their projected University for young men and women. Having ourselves under- taken a different enterprise, and carried it for- ward thus far with gratifying success, we purpose to continue thr.t work at Highland Park, with a college corporation organized under the laws of the State, for the education of young ladies, with- out connection with any school for young men, and conducted in the special interests of no one religious denomination. This we do on the plain common sense principle of demand and supply, without wasting time in discussing the merits and demerits of co-education, or the propriety of denom- inational schools. We know that most of onr pat- rons prefer to send their daughters to institutions intended for young ladies only ; and are not anxious that the school education of their children should be impressed with any sectarian features. Sur- rounded by an enterprising and cultivated commu- nity, organized into different religious societies, and dwelling together in the spirit of unity, the Institution will provide for the Sabbath worship of its members with such churches in town as the parents of each may select-- Episcopalian, Baptist,. no. THE CHICAGO & NORTH- WKSTKIIX UATI.WAY. 105 or Presbyterian snd for ftich religions cxerri-es in (he College itself ns shall coutribu e to their gener- ous Christian culture. The facilities for such an institution at Highland Hall r.re uim-uaily cxc 1- Icnt. The building is new and capacious, the rooms largo and handsomely f urnishe 1, and the location well known for its beauty and healthful- ness, end its peneral fitness for the purposes of a Lad cs' School.'' Half Day and Dcerfleld arc tributary villages, and arc reached by stage daily. Highwooil is the next station north, and is 24 miles from Chicago. Lako Forest, a city of 1.500 persons, it 23 miles from Chicago, and is the scat of educational insti- tutions, with a national reputation for excellence. A male academy, patterned after the celebrated I'hillips Ac.ulcmy, of Andovcr, Mass, and a female seminary, arc cs- pcci illy notul. Lake For. st University received in 18w> $80,000 to found profc^sor- slrps and it hm over $203,000 worth of assets. The city is on the highest ground between Milwaukee and Chicago, is a temperance town, nud Las one good hotel. lio-klaml is SO miles from CUic.igo. AVuukegan, 36 miles from Chicago, is the c unity scat of the county of Lake, so called because of it po/- six beautiful lakes within its boundaries. The city has bc- tweui r.COO c-ul 8,t(--0 inhabit- ants ; is t-itua cd on a bluff overlooking Laka Michigan, on the western shoro of that body of \v;:tei-. Tlie town proper, stands about one hundred feet above the lake, :.ni iji point of attractiveness as a summer re- sort, stands in. rivaled in all the We- tern States. I:s acknowl- edged beauty, line drives, soci- ety, school, picturesque scen- ery, ravine-, brooks, a-id gcii- crnl loveliness, a- fashioned by Nature's own hantl-, aided by liberal outlays of money, combine to mike it a place which will be sought for by the thousands of private families who yearly, more and more, seek the health-giving quiet an-,1 retire- ment of the em* try, in order to avoid the he~t, dust and noi;c of a busy nctropolis. \Vaukogan offers attra tions far superior and more meritorious than lur.vJrcJa of other points, which, by systematic newspaper puffery and advcr- ti-i: 1 ..:, have become more or less celebrated and popular to the tcekcr after health and quiet enjoy- ment. Its numerous mineral i-prinrB have attracted thousands if peo de hero from our great commer- cial metropolis, Chicago, and oilier parts of the country. The most important of these springs, in a medical \\c\v, arc tho McAllister, (jlen Jr'lor.i, and Powell's, each of which, claims ad vantages petulisrly its own. The city has three schools with twenty teachers, nine churches, two public halls, r.nd three hotels. Defp Lake, 15 miles north, has summer hotel, Liber tyville, 10 miles off, Wauconda, 21 miles. Aittioch, 20 milc-s Jfitbttriie, li miles, and H tlnsvlle, 12 miles distant, arc reached by ftagc. The largest evergreen tree nursery in ths United States, is. within the city limits of U'sukegan. Glen Flora, nearly one m'lc north of \Vauk' 1 - gan. is so int imat, ly concccte.l therewith, that we mu?t treat it a-t a portion of that c'ty. Lc'. us mention here, that wo have no intention of detracting from the merits of other watering places; our only desire is to tl.ovv, by a fair and candid comparUo.i, that we have, wi;!iin thirfy-fivo miles of Chicago, all the a:tractions, and v-luablc Elkhart LaUe, Wls. page I 15. From "Swartz." mineral springs, which can be reached with f.r less expenditure of time and money, than can other liko attractions offered in 1 his country. The Glen Flora Mineral Springs have not until lately been submit- to 1 to thorough analysi-. Tha waters, which have been for perhaps untold ages gurgling from their cool, rocky depth?, and flowing in miniature rivu- lets into Lnkc Michigan, have been, in a quiet way, doing goOvl to many inhabitants of this place; but ii' t until-last year was tlis trua nature of thcso waters proven beyond qucstirm by scientific analy- sis. Let us compare this analysis w th that of the. so far, m ist noted mineral spring of the West the Bcthcsda, of W.mkesha, \Vis. It will be seen by iho figures of Prof. Elmcy, who Ins made several mrst minute nnd careful calculations that Ihc (ilcu Fl >ra M nor.l Springs arc, in all the valuable health-giving, restorative ingredients, 106 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. far superior to the " Bethesda." Here are the two analyses : Analysis of the Glen Flora Spring Water. The fol lowing is the result of the analysis by Prof. Jas. V. Z. Blaney & Son, of a specimen of water from ''Glen Flora" Mineral Springs. One U. 8. gallon of 231 cubic inches, contained Chloride of Sodium 183 grains. Sulphate of Soda 1.852 " Bicarbonate of Soda 6.447 " Bicarbonate of Lime 15.568 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 11.091 " Bicarbonate of Iron 115 " Alumina 151 " Silica 907 " Organic Matter ICO " Sulphur, a trace. Total . . . .' 36.414 grains. The State Capitol, Sacramento, Cal. page 39. taneously from end to end of its labyrinthian trace- ries. This glen has been, and is being, carefully sodded and terraced for long distances, by one of the most experienced of our western landscape gardeners, and while Nature has done wonders to make " Glen Flora" beautiful, Art and a liberal expenditure of money, are daily adding to the attractiveness of this soon-to-be most fashionable of watering places and summer resorts. An elegant and commodious hotel is now being erected, adjoining the springs, and will be ready foi occupancy early in the summer of 1876. (See cut ol hotel.) The Waukegan Magnesian Mineral Springs. For a long time Waukegan has been the scene of singular cures, which have from time to time been effected through some unknown agency, and for the most part attributed to the general healthfulness ol the place. Thes* undoubted restora tions to health, con pled with certaij legendary stories in which Waukegan was, according to Indian tradition, the scat of certain medicine watery led John F. Powell to submit some d the magnesia spring water for analysis, to the well known analytical chem- ists, Professors Jas. V. Z. Blaney & Son, of Chicago, when it was proved that one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches, contained 48.811 Analysis of the Bethesda Spring Water. Chloride of Sodium 1.160 grains. Sulphate of Potassa 454 " Sulphate of Sodium 542 " Bicarbonate of Lime 17.022 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12.388 " Bicarbonate of Iron 042 " Bicarbonate of Soda 1.256 " Phosphate of Soda, a trace. Alumina 122 " Silica 741 " Organic Matter 1.983 " Total 35.710 grains. The Glen Flora Springs are easy of access. About sixteen trains pass and repass between the cities of Chicago and Milwaukee daily. The railroad station named "Glen Flora," now completed, is only about one-quarter of a mile from the springs, which are reached by a newly graded road, leading up the bluff in close proximity to the springs. The loca- tion of Glen Flora Mineral Springs, for picturesque beauty and romantic surroundings, is unsurpassed in this country, and, indeed, in the world. They are nestled in' a beautiful ravine or glen, originally named " Floral Glen," because of the profusion of beautifnl wild flowers which grow and thrive spon- grains of solid matter, as follows : Chloride of Sodium 1 . 876 grains. Sulphate of Soda 5.7% " Sulphate of Lime 7.412 " Bicarbonate of Lime 15.537 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 17 276 " Bicarbonate of Iron 1 ... .136 " Alumnia 230 " Silica 359 " Organic Matter 189 " Chloride Potassium . . traces. Grains per gallon 48.811 To those acquainted with the properties of mine- ral waters, the above statement will be a sufficient proof of the excellence of Magnesia Springs, as it shows them to be in many respects the best yet analyzed in America. To those unacquainted with the nature of the different ingredients which, when combined, give to water its wonderful curative vir- tues, we would briefly say that all authorities agree in recognizing bicarbonates as the most important elements in the medicinal combination of mineral waters, and that by comparing for themselves the Magnesia with other springs, they will find that the Wankegan has a far larger amount of bicarbonatea than any other spring yet analyzed. In organic THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 107 matter, Bethcsda Springs have 1 graip and 983-1000, or nearly t\vo grains of this undesirable ingredient, to Waukegan Magnesia's 189-1000 of a gruin. These springs are three-ouarters of a mile south- west of the depot at Waukegan. TJie McAllister Springs. The McAllister Springs arc situated in the south- ern part of the city, one mile south of our depot at Waukegan, and are the property of Judge \V. K. McAllister; they consist of a cluster of five springs, all in close proximity, and remarkable for showing * vast difference in their analysis, and consequently adapted to various diseases. Thegrounds about the Springs arc beautiful and the location desirable. Spring No. 3 is in its mineral combinations almost ideutical with the celebrated Bethcsda Spring of Analysis of the McAllister Mineral Springs, Waukegan, Illinois. The analysis of Springs Nos. land 2 made by Prof. Bartlett, and Springs Nos. 3, 4 and 5, by Prof. Blaney, of Chicago. One U. S. gallon, expressed as anhydrous compounds, contains : U'Mukesha, only that it contains more of the sul- phates of soda and potassa, more iron, and less organic matter, which must add to, rather than detract from, its value. Spring No. 5 contains snlphnrcted hydrogen, in addition to its other valuable ingredients. Spring No. 1 is recommended for the cure of rheumatism, Bright's disease, gravel, kidney com- plaints, dyspepsia and gout. No. 2 for liver complaints, dyspepsia and chronic constipation. Nos. 3 and 4 for costivencss, general debility, dyspepsia, heartburn, etc. No. 5 for diseases of the blood, scrofula, blotches, eruptions, acidity of the stomach, etc. The water is entirely free at the Springs. SPRING No. 1. SPKINO No. 2. SPRING No. 3. SPRING No. 4. SPRING No. 5. Chloride of Sodium ORA,."". CHAINS. GRAINS. 1.462 GRAINS. 0.737 GRAINS. 0.354 Cnlorulc of Magnesium 943 1 401 Sulphaie of Soda. 1 193 0.451 3 665 0.859 2.268 Sulphate of Potassa a trace 0.416 581 0.253 0.320 Sulphate of Lime 470 1.605 Bicarbonate of Lime 18 810 19 597 17.574 15.511 12.737 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 9 561 9.961 11 511 10.988 6.537 Sulphate of Magnesia '2.229 -> S77 Bicarbon ite of Iron 0.108 0.162 0.091 Oxide of Iron and Alumina. 094 o.on Bicarbonate of boda ... 4.357 Silica ... ... 059 842 870 940 0.950 Alumina 146 100 0.215 Organic Matter 0.530 a trace. 0.180 Total 33.489 35.616 36.947 31.155 28.009 Spring No. 1 contains 1 cubic inch free carbonic solphureted hydrogen. The Sag-au-nash Springs arc located in the cen- tral part of the city. Their analysis shows a large amount of magnesia and other valuable properties. Benton, 40 miles from Chicago, nnd State Line, 45 miles, arc not of large importance as sta- tions. At State Line, Spring Bluff post office, there are two cheese factories, a butter factory, two churchc?, and one hotel. Before the consolidation of the Milwaukee & Chicago and the Chicago & Milwaukee railroads, as the two lines that now form the route between Milwaukee & Chicago were formerly called, State Line was the junction, and here all passengers were forced to change cars, and all freight to be transferred. Kenosha is 51 miles from Chicago, and across the State line in Wisconsin. It is the county seat of Kcuosha county, which was separated from Ra- cine county, and organized in 1850, and now has 20,000 population. It is a county of lakes, and has many, from one to two miles wide. Silver, Pad- docks, Camp, Centre, Lily, Powers and Twin lakes arc the largest. On Twin lake is a pleasure steamer The Lady of the Lake that during the summer season carries tourists around its shores. The city of Eenosha has 6,000 population, and three Ameri- can and one German public schools. Keinpcr llall school, for boys, an Episcopal educational insti- tution, is on the lake shore, and has a girls' school acid gas. Spring No. 5 contains .019 cubic inch connected with it; it has a beautiful location and is in a flourishing condition. Kenosha Water Cure is a noted water cure hotel, with 80 rooms. The Sanii a- riumof Dr. Gatchell, a noted curative institution, is \% miles from the station. Kcuosha is the head- quarters of several large manufacturing establish- ments, among which the Bain Wagon Company em- ploys 200 men, and makes 16 complete wagons each working hour. Flour, leather, hay presses, tow, malt mills, wind mills, telegraph insulators, etc., are largely manufactured here. The fisheries off Ke- nosha give constant employment to 300 men. Racine Junction, 60 miles from Chicago, and Racine, 62 mile?, form a flourishing city of 14,000 people. Racine is the county seat of Racine county, which has a population of 29,000. As a manufac- turing point Racine is not excelled by any in the State. J. I. Case & Co.'s threshing machine works, cover 11 acres of ground and employ 375 men, and make 1,700 threshing machines yearly: they pay for wages, $350,000; for cast iron, $130,000; wrought iron, $115,000; lumber, $90,000; belting, $50,000, and for postage stamps $2,000, yearly. Fish Brothers, in their wagon works, employ 220 men, and make 7,000 wagons yearly. Mitchell, Lewis hot months of the year. Situated on the banks of a beautiful lake, it is fanned by the invigorating breezes that pour in an almost continual current over the broad waters. These bring relief and comfort, even in the hottest seasons. The hotel accommo- dations are of the very finest character. The Newhall is centrally located in the heart of the business part of the city, on Broadway, corner of Michigan street. The house contains three hun- pages 36-38. residences and cottages have been built upon the- summit of the bluff, or on the plateau beneath. The illustration is from a photograph from Lake View, looking north, and embraces Ferny Brae, Lake Dells, Fern Ravine, and Rocky Point all beautiful places. Lake Avenue, the famous drive of Milwaukee, runs through and by these places, to Whitefish Bay, five miles or more from the city,, and most of the distance upon the high bluff over- looking the lake, making a most charmirg summer drive. For much of the distance the hill-tops above these lowlands are covered with growths of wood, partially hiding from the avenue the beauties of the low grounds, with the exception of an occasional opening made by the crossing of a caviue. THE CHICAOO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. Ill No place can be more favorable for a summer res- idence t hun the plateaus of the north shore. Shut out from the afternoon sun by the high wooded hills in the rear, with the charming and extended sea-view in front, with cooling lake breezes through- out the day, and every opportunity for sailing, fish- ing or bathing, enchanting rambles on^andy beach or through wild ravines, and unsurpassed drives, with the bustling city only a few miles away, yet as entirely isolated from it as if in the Adirondacks. The sea-view from early dawn to sunset is beautiful, changing with the hours of the day, caused by the varying direction of the sun's rays upon the water, giving them a variety of brilliant tints or sombre back upon the lake, tinge the waters as well as the sail in the offing with their own brilliant colors, making a picture so beautiful we wish it might 'never fade. During the late summer and early fall months, the temperature of the water is delightful for bathing, averaging in the shallow bay off Lake Dells, by ac- tual test and record, C8 to 72, while the de -cent of the shore is so gradual, that at two thousand feet out, the sounding showed but eleven feet of water, the whole distance being a gradually sloping sandy bottom. No dust or mosquitoes are found upon the lower ground, from the fact that the avenue is too far distant to furnish the former, and the In the Yosemlte. pages 3638. breezes of the lake too cool for the latter. Another attraction of this location consists in the many drives descending the hillside, on the margin of the lake, or winding under the overarching trees through ravines, affording from various points new and ex- tended lake views. hues. The picture Is greatly enhanced by the large number of sail and steamers constantly in sight, engaged in the commerce of the lakes, the course of most of the passing vessels being but a mile distant. The splendor of the morning sky as the sun rises from the lake, Is only surpassed by the beauty of our Western sunset, whose golden hues, reflected If you do not desire to remain at Milwaukee, you can, in the aame cars that brought you from Chicago, push on to or towards Fond du Lac, by the Fond du Lac Air Line, an extension to the Milwaukee Division, that was opened for business two years ago. It shortens the distance between Chicago and Fond du Lac, and points north on the Wisconsin Division, many miles, and secures to passengers a choice of routes to come via the line we have just described, and via Milwaukee, or to take the old- route, via 112 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. Janesville. Tickets to Fond du Lac, or beyond, are good by either route. Leaving Mil- waukee from our depot on the lake front, at the lake end of Wisconsin street, where is found an admirably well kept hotel. The Lake View, and adiuinghall and easing house, under the management of J. Y. Ross, that vies with any in the land, we pass LAKE SHORE JUNCTION and LINDWERM, and reach, at 100 miles from Chicago, the village and station of GRANVILLE. Menomonee Fattn is 3 miles distant, and is reached by stnge : fare. ?ft ft--. -, West Bend, 119 miles from Chicago, has a popu- lation of 1,5UO, and is the county seat of Washington county, which has a popu- lation of 23,000. 'I he vil- lage has good schools, one bank, two newspapers, two i'rain elevators, several breweries, msking lagir beer that rivals that made at Milwaukee; two flour mills, each with four run of stone, atid seven churches. Its court house i- built of wood ; it has a good public hall, and one hotel that can accommodate 200 gncFts. The village is built on the west bank of the Milwaukee river, and the station house is on the east bank. Toting America, HI ay field. Filmore, Bolton- vil/e, Kohlsville, and Au- rora, are tributary villages. liarton is one mile from West Bend, imd is built in a valley brtween two high hills. Jt has many pictu- resque aspects. The vil- lage contains threp hotels, a fine school, two churches, arid a lodge of Good Tem- plars. Kewaskum is 127miles from Chicago, and has a large grain trade. Three elevators are kept busy, one of them being the lurgest in' the stale, out- side of Milwaukee. The population of the village and surroundings is largely German. New Cassel, 133 miles from Chicago, is situated Salt Lake and Vicinity. pages 33 Rockfleld, lately Germantown. is 107 miles from Chicago, and has two grain elevators, and a fine business in building stone. Dheinsvilte is 1 !/ 2 miles off, and is the headquarters of the Germantown Insurance Company, which has $300,000 capital, and writes 3,000 policies yearly. Menomonee Falls, a pleasant summer resort, is 6 miles off. Jackson is 112 miles from Chicago, and has 500 inhabitants, most of whom are Germans. It has three flour mills, a woolen mill, and two churches. Hayfleld, l'/ a miles, and Clear Green, on a lake of the same name, Smiles distant, are tributary villages. 34. in the southeast part of Fond du Lac county, 16 miles from Fond du Lac, and47 miles from Milwau- kee, in a rich farming country. The Milwaukee river passes through the eastern part of the village, furnishing good water power ; the railroad passes through the western part. Sui rounded by a beau- tiful forest on the north, and a chain of gentle ele- vations on the south, among the hills nnd valleys lies one of nature's parks. Its population is 500. a gain of 3110 since the railroad started. There are four churches, a convent, and an academy for young ladies, and a good distiict school. The THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 1 13 sides, presents a scene more resembling the fine tints and groupings of a splendid picture, than the substantial reality that is here. Eden is MO miles from Chicago, and by this route Fond du Lac 148 miles, or 28 miles less than via Jaacsville. manufactories of the place are unimportant, except the flouring mills of J. II. Reyscn, the brewery of John P. Ilust ing, and cheese factories of II. Schroot- cn and Robert Miller. There are three good hotels The Adams House, by A. Hotehoure, The Railroad House, by J. Dcgenhardt, and i he New Cswsel Ho- tel, by P. Schoofs. The villages of Dundee ar.d Eblesville arc each 7 miles, \\'aucoimta 5 miles, and Lomlra Centre 8 miles from the station; Lake fifteen is 3 miles, and Long Lake is 7 miles X distant. They have many S| attractions, tfnd will soon N. become justly popular as .j* summer resorts. A large _ variety of game and fish o are found in those eec- tions. On Bannon's farm> * as also on Dierrenger's, one mile from New Cas- o sel, may bo found Indian Z mounds, embankments, ditches, etc., laid out with Ig great precision, showing that the builders had con- |? siderable knowledge of ST military science. Around jj New Cassel the country g is gently undulating, with ,. ascents and decliviti.-s of vaiious heights and 5 depths. The forests are composed of sugar maple, basswood, elm, black and o white ash, red oak, hick- 8) ory, and butternut. The 50 soil is a deep, blnck, ^ sandy loam, with a mix- < tnre of marl, and subsoil < of reddish clay. The first | house was built in New "g Casscl in 1813, and the 99 first, school taught in 1848. * The surroundings of New at Cas.-el are admitted by all who have seen them, to bo unrivaled. Its roll- ing and fertile land, dotted with neat farmhouses, and the rich foliage of its woods and skirted hill- UP THE LAKE SHORE. On reaching Milwaukee, you can proceed up the lake by taking, at our depot on the lake front, at the lake end of Wisconsin street, the carsof the MILWAUKEE, LAKE SIIOUE & WESTERN RAILWAY that passes through Port Washington, Belgium, Sheboygan, Man- itowoc, to Two Rivers. All these are active business cities, and besides having the rail- road, are on the lake shore, and thus have unusual facilities for shipping their products. Sheboygan, Wisconsin, the county seat of She- boygan county, is a thriving manufacturing city of about 7,000 inhabitants. It is tV.e eastern terminus of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lie Railway, and is the most important station on the line of the Mil- waukee, Lake bhore & Western Railway north of Milwaukee. The former of these roads mukcs close connections with the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North- Western Railway at Fond dn Lac, and the latter is practically an extension of th Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & North-West- crn Railway. 114 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. Shcboygan is one of the most delightful summer resorts in the West. It is beautifully located upon a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan, whose azure waters, moving perpetually, and here and there dot- ted with sails, are a constant source of amusement to the eye ; while in the background lies a land- scape of rare beauty hills clad with the richest verdure, groves of native forest trees, and fields of waving gram. The Sheboygan river flows down one of the most picturesque valleys in the State, winds nearly half way round the city, and finally empties into the lake south of* the residence portion of the place, affording a safe and convenient harbor. The city itself presents a most attractive appearance. It is tastefully laid out ; its streets are wide and well shaded with oaks, maples and evergreens ; its business houses are mainly built of cream-colored brick. The court house is one of the finest struc- tures of the kind in Wisconsin. In walking about the city, one is struck with the scrupulous neatness of the streets, and the evidences of thrift, prosperity and refinement that are beheld on every hand. The society of Sheboygan is excellent, and (especially during the summer months) parties, concerts, and entertainments of various kinds are frequent. The city is well supplied with churches, and boasts sev- eral talented preachers. The rivsr affords unsur- passed opportunities for rowing, while the lake is a favorite resort for those who enjoy galling. Pleas- ure boats of all kinds may be had here. The fish, ing is good; the fisheries off Sheboygan are among the most important on Lake Michigan, and a sum- mer day can hardly be more pleasantly spent than in visiting them in one of the steam fishing smacks. The drives in the vicinity of the city are fine. This is especially true of the drive up the river five miles, to the charming village of Sheboygan Falls. Bat, after all, the chief attractions which Sheboygan holds out to the summer tourist, are the healthful- ness and coolness of its climate. Lying, as it does, ten miles out in the lake, it is fanned by deliciously cool and invigorating lake breezes from the north, east and south, and consequently, the intensely hot weather that prevails in the interior during the sum- mer months, is unknown here. The Bcekman House is Sheboygan's principal hotel. It is well furnished, and is capable of accommodating one hundred guests. A recent acquisition is the discovery of unusually valuable remedial qualities in the waters of an ar- tesian well that has been sunk here. Its waters are strongly impregnated with varioBs salts, and an analysis shows elements of rare value. The water is free to all comers. This well is located in the public park of the city of Sheboygan, and is 1,475 feet deep 92 feet being through the drift. It has been tubed a distance of 450 feet, below which no rifts were found in the rock. The well discharges two hundred and forty gallons of water per minute, at a temperature of 58 deg. Fahr. An analysis of the water shows that it is remark- ably rich in salts ; nothing of the same character having been found in the West. During the short time it has been used it has been found beneficial, as a bath or internally. Annexed is an analysis as made by Prof. Bode, of Milwaukee, in December, 1875. An analysis of the waters of the Congress Spring, Saratoga, Sha- ion Springs, New York, Kissingen and Krenznach, of Germany, is also added for the purpose of com- parison, to which your attention is called. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. OSE WINE PINT CONTAINS SOLIDS Wisconsin.' Temperature, 68 deg. Kahr. CONGRESS, New York. Temperature, 52 deg. Fahr. SHARON, New York. Temperature, 48 deg. Fahr. KISSINGEN. Germany. Temperature, 51 deg. Fahr. KRKUZNACH, Germany. Temperature, 54^ deg. Fahr. Soda, Carbonate. 0.934 " Phosphate 002 " Nitrate . . 0.07 Sodium, Chloride 45 956 50 055 0.28 44.71 72.883; " Iodide 003 017 Trace. " Bromide 132 1 069 06 Magnesium, Bromide 278 Iodide , 0.035 Ch oride 0.30 Magnesia, Carbonate . 048 9 01') 0.106 " Sulphate 11 166 5.30 4 50 " Chloride 2 33 4.071 Iron, Carbonate 031 0.24 " Sulphate 093 Lime, Carbonate 187 12 449 8 14 1.693 " Sulphate 9 518 13.95 2 99 " Phosphate 0.04 Calcium, Chloride 13.663 13.389 " Fluoride Trace. " Hydro Sulphuret 0.28 Potassium ( ThloriHn 1 238 1 006 2 20 0.624 Sulphate 111 Lithia, Carbonate ... . ... 374 " Chloride 003 0.15 0.613 Strontia, Carbonate Baryta, Carbonate 095 Alumina ... . 137 " Phosphate..; 0.045 Silica 091 105 0.09 0.129 Organic Matter Trace. 82.235 75.267 fiO.ll 65.52 93.84* THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WKSTKRN RAILWAY. 115 .now and then peep through forest vistas, affording to the eye, as it feasts upon the varying charms, a most pleasing variety. The Swiss Cottage is a large hotel, and has 400 feet of wide veranda, and pleasant walks and drives. A steamboat and barge, sail and row-boats, are run to convey passengers to any part of the lake desired. About twenty rods from the hotel is a pavilion fordancing. There are neither house flics nor mosquitoes here to trouble the visitor. Talmage, Davison, and Sharp, have, in this vicinity, good farm houses, well adapted for boarding summer visitors. From Sheboygan, the popular summer resorts along the li:io of the Shcboygau & Fond du Lac Railway may be easily reached. It is only an hour's ride from Sheboygan to beautiful Elktiart Lake ; a three hours' ride to the famous mineral springs at Fond du Lac ; and a five hours' ride to that gem of Wisconsin scenery, Green Lake. Elkhart Lake. Wisconsin is famous for her beautiful lakes, the annual resort of thousands of people in quest of health and pleasure. Among the loveliest of these is Lake Elkhart, acknowledged to be one of the healthiest places in the West. -It is fifty- seven miles north of Milwaukee, and can be reached by the Chicago & North-Westcrn liail- way and its immediate connection, the Sheboy- gan & Fond du Lac Railway. The station, Glenbculah, is three miles from the lake. Omnibuses run to the hotels from all the trains arriving at this station. Elkhart Lake covers about* eight hundred acres, and is pleasingly diversified by bays, which coquettit-hly wind around jutting bluffs, beneath whose shades the crystal water slum- bers, so pure and clear that the white sand and gravel of the lake bottom can be plainly seen at a depth of twenty to tweuty-flve feet. All the brilliant colors of the rainbow are reflected on the smooth and spark- ling surface of the water, and bordered by a beau- tiful green, reflected from the foliage of the hillside. As viewed from the elevated veranda of Marsh's Swiss Cottage, the scene is beautiful beyond description. The hills that surround the lake are verdant with pine, spruce, maple, bass- wood, red and white ce- dar; while wheat fields FROM KENOSHA, WIS., TO ROCKFORD,' ILL. Running across the northern portion of the State of Illinois and a part of Wisconsin, is a line of railroad owned by this Company, that is known as the Kenosha and Rock- ford Division. It is 40 miles long, and runs through a charming farming country. It traverses the famous dairy district of Illinois, and its trains pass within a short distance 116 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED. of many beautiful lakes, full of fish, and surrounded by a highly cultivated country. Leaving Kcnosha, we successively pass PLEASANT PRAIRIE, WOODWORTII, BRISTOL, SALEM, Fox RIVER, BASSETTS, GENOA JUNCTION, where it crosses the Fox River Di- vision, as before related ; HEBRON, ALDEN, HARVARD, where it crosses the Wisconsin Division ; CHEMTJNG, CAPRON, POPLAR GROVE, SOUTH CALEDONIA, where it crosses the Madison Division ; ARGYLE, and HARLEM, and reach ROCKFORD and the Freeport Line. In most of these villages are cheese and butter factories, and more or less of other manufactures. Near Fox RIVER are Silver and Lily lakes. Wilmot and Munstcr are tributary, and reached by stage. Brighton is two miles from Salem, and is reached by stage. Twin Lakes are one and a half miles from BASSETTS. ALDEN is a strict tem- perance village, of 200 people. Parke Corners and RtisscUville are tributary to CAPRON. A Scotch settlement surrounds ARGYLE, which was named for the Scotch duke of that title. Although off the main line of tourist travel, these villages are well worth a visit. They are mostly inhabited by New England people, and would strongly remind the Eastern visitor of the many similar, pleasant, homelike, quiet villages he has passed through in New England. CONCLUDING REMARKS. "We have traversed with you the country along and tributary to most of the lines that together make up this great railway and its immediate allies and feeders, and we trust we have given you a not unfavorable opinion of its capabilities, usefulness, tay, indis- pensability, in its sphere, as one of the great roads that does its full share in conduct- ing the vast transportation interests of this AVestern Continent. After digesting the foregoing pages, brimful of facts as they are, and fully grasping the mileage of the road, the country that it covers, and the vastness of its resources, we feel sure that you will join with its older friends in desiring its future prosperity, and assisting in carrying that desire into fruition by lending to it your aid, comfort, and patronage. You can confidently recommend it for the following reasons : 1st. Its great extent its own lines covering important parts of five great States and one Territory, and its immediate connections covering an equally large area. It can carry you or your stores to a larger number of points than any other road in the country, and can serve you better on the journey than can other lines where you have to be subjected to changes of cars, changes of train men, and changes of local man- agement, ns is the case when passing over many short lines or circuitous routes. 2nd. Its well-known and everywhere-acknowledged excellence as regards its superb track, its safety in road bed, bridges, and everything that goes together to make up a perfect road ; its steel rails, full complement of ties to the mile, rock and gravel ballast, the constant vigilance of it? employees, the courtesy and kindli- ness of its train employees all tend to make it deserve and retain its good name. Pass along its main lines day or night, and especially at night, in fo It 10 Umatilla, Ore 241 00 126.50 90.50 Kearney Junction, Neb. 25 80 22 80 Virginia City, Mont. 121.00 103 00 58 00 Kelton, Utah 101 00 80 50 55" 50 Virginia City, Nev . 117 TO 91 50 59 00 La Crosre, Wis 10 25 8 50 Wuila Walla. W. T. . 141.00 126 50 90.50 L'Anse, Mich 16.60 13:05 \Vntcrloo, Iowa. .... 9 20 7 75 Lincoln, Neb. . . . 18 75 15.75 Winona, Minn. 11 3") 9 50 McGregor, Iowa. . .. 8 75 7.60 Wisner, Neb 19 35 17 05 Madison. Wis. . 4 90 4 40 Yankton, Dak . 19 90 16 65 To points on the Union Pacific Railway and Burlington & Missouri River Rail- way in Nebraska, Round Trip Land Explorers' Tickets are sold from Chicago at two >(2) cents per mile each way, or two and a half (2J) cents westward only. SYNOPSIS OF GAME LAWS. In Effect August, 1877. The following table gives the time when it is lawful to shoot game or to take fish in the States this line of road runs through or is tributary to : COLORADO. Quail, or Virginia Partridge October 1st to November 15th. Prairie Chickens October 1st to November 15th. Wild Turkeys and Mountain 01*01186 October 1*t to November 15th. t3oose, Duck, Curlew, Snipe and Plover ..May 15th to August 15th. Elk. Deer, Antelope and Mountain Sheep September 1st to January 1st 120 THE NORTH AND WEST ILLUSTRATED SYNOPSIS OF GAME LAWS continued. MICHIGAN. Elk.Bnck. Hoe or Fawn ... Ausrnst 1st to December 15th. Wild Turkeys October l*t to December Slat. Woodcock July 5th to December 31st. Prairie Chickens. Ruffled Grouse. Pinnated Grouse, Partridge, Pheasant. Wood, Tcul ami MallaiM Ducks, or any Water Fowl September 1st 1o December 31st Quail, or Virginia I'artridae October 1st to December 31st Picons, nor, within five miles of nesting grounds At any time Speckled Trout .May 1st to September 1st. Grayling ..June 1st to November 1st. In Diamond and Stone lakes, fish may be taken only from May 1st to November 1st. CALIFORNIA Partridge Quails, Grouse and Duck* September 15th to March 15th Do do. m Sail Bernardino and Los Angeles counties. April 1st to Ausrust liK. Elk, Deer and Antelope .... . .Sept mber 1st to January 1st. Do. do in Eldorado. Placer, Sierra and Siskiyou counties, August 1st to February 1st. Several other counties have special game laws. IOWA. Grouse, or Prairie Chickens. .- September 15th to December 1st Woodcock ' July 10m to January 1st Ruffled Grouse, Wild Turkey, Pheasant, or Quail . ... ... .October 1st to January 1st Wild Duck, Goose, or. Urant August 15th to May 1st Rear Elk or Fawn > September 1*1 to January 1st Bcftver, Mink, Otrer, or Muskrat . November 1st to April 1st,, None of the ab'ive can be i rapped or causht at any time. Tne law prohibits catching or kil ing any fish, of whatever kind, in the waters of this State, excep! private waters, between March li-t and June 1'th. Brook Trout excepted. The Closed season for Jirook Trout und Salmon is November 1st to February 1st. The penalty is, #10 for each fish found iiy p>vKCS4ion No person can use anv peine. net. trot-line, ont-linp, or spear, or fish-dam, to catch fish The peualty is $25 for a violation of the law (L-.iw of March, 1S78 ) OREGON Deor Elk, Moo<=c July 1st to January 31st. \ViM Sw.m, iind all kinds of Ducks ... Jn:y 31st 10 Mnreii 31st. Gronse, Pheasant and Sage Hen . .. . June 15lh to March 81t. Quail, or Parti -idge. July 31st to March 31st ILLINOIS. Deer Wild Turkey. Prairie Chickens, Ruffled Grouse, Partridge, or I'hearant . .. ... .September 1st to January 15th. Quail . - . November 1st to February 1st. \\oodcock. .... .September 1st to January 15tn. Wild Duck, Goose, Wilson Snipe, Brant, and other Water Fowl .August 15th to May 1st NEVADA. Grouse. Sage Chickens, Prairie Chickens, Partridge, Pheasant Wood cock Wild Goose, Teal or other Ducks, Brant, Swan, Sand Hill Crane, Plover Snipe, Curlew a'id Binern September 1't to April 1st. Deer, Antelope, Elk, Mountain Sheep and Mountain Goat . .July 1st to January let. NEBRASKA. Buffalo Elk. Mountain Sheep. Deer and Antelope . .........' . . October 1st to January 1st. Grouse, Wild Turkey and Quail At no time. MINNESOTA. Woodcock July 3rd to October 31st. PraTieCmckcns and Grouse.. ..August 14th to October 31st. Quiil or Parttid"e - September 1st to October 31st. Ruffled Grouse or Pheasant .. September 1st to November 30th. Deer -ind Klk November let to December lain Speckled Trout. .....'.'. -April 1st to September 3.Ah. WISCONSIN. Woodcock July 4th to November 15th Pr ,ine Chickens, or Grouce . A gust 1 5th to .November 15th On nl Untiled Grouse and Pheasant Sep.ember lath to January i>t. j5 ur; kg September l*t to February 1st. j )t . c , r ' ... . . September 15th to December loth. In Fan Claire Chippcwn, Dunn, Pepin. Buffalo nnd Trempealeau counties, 1'raine Chickens and 1'art ridges may be killed from August 10th to November 15th. DAKOTA. The Gnmc law says, that it Fhall be unlawful forsiny person, except on his own premises, and for his own use, and not for sale, trade or tralHc to kill, ensnare, or trap, or in any way or manner de-troy or pursue with such intent, any Quail, Prairie Chicken, or Grouse, between the 1st day of March and the 1st day ol' August, in eacu and evcrj year, THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY Kmbraces^^^^ Chicago and all point.* in Illinois, Wisconsin, Xortlie rn Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, California, Oregon, China, Japan, Australia, and the Western Territories. Minneapolis. Winpna. Ishpeniing, Stevens' Point. San Francisco penver. Sacramento 'Omaha, Cedar Rapids. Negaunee, Oshkosh, Coun Ozden Council Blufls Dubnque; Duluth, Kscanaba, Madison, Salt L;ike City. Yanktou. LaCrosse, Marquette. Green Bay, Milwaukee, Cheyenne. " Sioux City. Prairie du Chlen, L'Anse, Menusha, Fort Garry, Are all on the line of this great road, or are reached by this direct route, and its Immediate connections. On tht arrival of trains from the East or South, the trains of the Chicago A North -Western Railway leave CHICAGO as follows : For Dubnque, rla Freeport. Two trains daily, with Pullman Palace Sleep- lug Cars on night trains. For Dubuque and La Crosse, via Clinton. Two trains dally, with Pullman Palace Sleeping Can on night tram to McGregor, Iowa. For Sioux City and Vankton. Two trains dally. Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars to Missouri Valley Junction. For Lake Geneva. Four trains dally. For Rockford, Kenoiba, Sterling, Janesville and other points, you can have from two to ten trains dally. For Council Bluffs, Omaha, Denver and California. Two through trains daily. Pullman Hotel and Sleeping Car* through to Council Blufls. i ForSt Paul ami Minneapolis. Two through trains daily, with Pullman Palace Can attached on both trains. For Green Bay and Lake Superior. Two trains dally, with Pullman Palace Cars attached. For Milwaukee. Four through trains daily except Sunday. On Sunday, two trains. Pullman Can on night trains. Parlor Can on day trains. For Wmona and points in Minnesota. Two trains dally. Pullman Palace Sleeping Can to Winona and New L'lm. PULLMAN HOTEL CARS ARE KTTN ONLY WEST OF CHICAGO BY THE THEY RUN DAILY BETWEEN CHICAGO AND COUNCIL BLUFFS. On this Line you take your Hotel along with you, and can enjoy all the luxu of the season while traveling FORTY MILES AN HOUR Id*- Over the Smoothest and Best Track there is in the West. 2 .35 S3 "2 1 " t < ?rlor f Pullman Hotel Car. The Chicago A North- Western ^ c & - K > *"j