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 University of Illinois Library 
 
 m 17 
 
 SEP2I 
 
 0CT2 } t969 
 
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 HOME ECONOMICS .iJeRARY 
 
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 , ■ • . ' , o? c-A-ojjlit ^ ®Tfx_^^^ Q-c^ . i; 
 
 A* Introduction ' ' tvv-f-to Jl.fc ''o> btj v_"l. ^^j^j; 
 
 Bdcause of the earnest and persistent reqtieata of many friends, I- frcacn^* \j-^ 
 
 am attempting to tell, In part, the story of the "bet^lnnln.^s of household sdi- • 
 
 enc«, in 1900, at the University of Illlnoia, In order to show the back^ofun4a5--<i o'^^'^ff-''** ! 
 
 of the undertaking, it seems necessary to recall some facte about (A) educa- ^-vv^lcJ/.-uAajs., | j 
 
 tion in general, and (B) the ideas about the education of woman In particular ^?^-t.T^^ ^ :ii. \\ 
 
 in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In that day the aristocratic d\^J^^-^.y^-.j>Xjjb-A '■ 
 
 idea of education prevailed, and a college education was still regarded as J). . - I 
 
 the privilege of the few. It was not for everyone; but for the lawyer, the /jj;i^\fc3, 
 
 doctor, the preacher, or the teacherj but there was a constantly increasing 
 number of people, businessmen, industrialists, farmers, women, who did not 
 belong to either of the classes mentioned above and who did wish an educa- 
 tion adapted to their needs, ^e battle for common, free, tax-supported, 
 non-sectarian, state controlled schools had been largely won in the Korth by 
 
 . ■ , -■> •••■•5 1-' 4 
 
 1860, though developed only in selected areas, - . - 
 
 In the latter half of the nineteenth century, due to the develop- 
 ment of the national life, the Industrial Revolution, the discoveries of sci- 
 ence and their application to the affaii?^;;*^^ daily life, the dbmnnd for edu- 
 cation was constantly changing* All these changing concaptiona of education 
 found expression in a great variety of schools. The latter quarter of the 
 nineteenth centiiry was particularly rich in developing these new tools of 
 education} namely, technical schools, manual training schools, kindergartens, 
 land-grant colleges, soientifio schools and women's Collegesg ' 
 
 835039 
 
 I! 
 .1 I 
 
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive 
 
 in 2011 witii funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/historyofdeptofhOObevi 
 
.2, 
 
 B, The Study of the Edixcatlon of Women 
 
 Ab h&B been atated the last quarter of the nineteenth 0«-nttry was 
 filled with experiments In eMcatlon both for men and women. In the Peet 
 inont of the newly organized lanf'-a;rant oolleces onened their doora to women 
 In the deo-ido between IC70 and 1880, The state unlverflltlea of Utah, lotra, 
 TT.iohinfjton, Winneoota and Hebrn-slca had b en coaduo-tlonal from the time of 
 their organlratlon. In the S.aot the exa-mlo sot by the women's oolleges, 
 Vaaoar, Smith, Tfelleeley, and Bryn Mawr between the years of I865 and 18S5 
 were adopted and followed by the other women's colle,^eS| so that by 1 9OO 
 higher education for women had crystallized Into threj types of collecesi 
 colleges for women, upon separate foundations; woman's oolle,':eB rf ill latid 
 with universities for meni coeducational Institutions In which both sexes 
 have presiuaably equal prlvlllogea. I'oreover It was evident that Individual 
 op-ortunity was a mlfrhty factor in education, that oofurses In applied 8Ci» 
 ence and aonlled Arts would have a place In the school pro>^rains and that a 
 knowled/;e of the claaslon was no longer the only rai^asurln.':: unit for e duca- 
 tional standards. 
 
 But It is to be rememberrid that w>lle the doors were open to the 
 
 r 
 
 higher education of wo:'en, there were many doubters and dlsoentere, ^Boards 
 of trustees and school men In Gonaro-l were much divided In their opln ions 
 and at a real loss as to what to do with these women. The result In these 
 early days of the beginnings of do many kinds of education Is explained 
 by the statement of Henderson, "If one does not know where one wishes to 
 'gt^, there is small ohanoe of tmccess In devlsln.-^ a pro^rram for arrlvlgig. 
 These Ideas were summed up by President Eliot In an ad'^lreso he gave riLn I907 
 on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of ttie Col- 
 legiate Alumnae, now the Association of Am^^rlcan University ^omen. 
 
"It uaed to be said that the health of college women could not 
 stoind the etraln of a collej-je oouree, that their morals and manners would 
 guffer "by dally contact with men, that their mental ability would be infer- 
 ior. Hnving chovrft-the falsity of all these st'xtements it would appear that 
 wooen might spend some ener«;y in developing couroeB of study of parti cul/ir 
 int-^rest to themselves." 
 
 In this day and a.^e it seems almost incredible that ouch objections 
 would be raised. In that last sentence lies the indication of the new Idea— 
 that is, differentiation— that was comin,; to the front about the education 
 of women. The offerings in the colle,;ea, as they then existed, were desired 
 especially for men, and ri/^tly, because men were in th* majority. Evei the 
 women's colleges were bo interested in demonstrating the ability of woman to 
 keep step intellectvially with the men that they had copied bodily the oirrlculum 
 of men's colleges and the women in these colleges sometimes gave themselves 
 too strenuously to the fulfillment of that proof. An analysis of the points 
 of view presented about the educntion of women at that time showD a recognition 
 of women' rights to higher education as a necessity for herse'f and vital to 
 the life of the nation; an appreciation of the great enlargement of the field 
 of women's aotlvitips which resulted from industrial and social changes in 
 olvilizatlon and a oonsenuent need for a different training for nomen as wall 
 as a general feeling that consideration jimat be givsn to the different fbinotiona 
 of men and women in socletyt and finally, a very general agreement that (co- 
 education was a powerful and probably permanent feature in education, valu- ' 
 able not only b^-cauae of eoonomlo reasons, but also, of yet .rreater signifi- 
 cance, b'^cause comradeship in education fits both men and women for a better 
 appreoiatlon of the world's work and their respective parts in it. 
 
 iSeither men nor women- overlooked the biological and social arguments 
 for difference In training if or men and wom'^n because they perf orira differ eat 
 
 ";4i.vw*aflft»..- 
 
functions in sooiety. Neither men nor women were willing that the "best 
 Ir.toreatB of the home Bhould ouffor ^^^'^ ^^ ^^^'^^ '^^ pArticularly not 
 by tho hand of woman. Co-education waa clearly one greit step In the 
 evolution of woman's ef^uoitlon. The Quentlon exose what was the next 
 flten. An excellent answer to this question was given ih I907 by Doctor 
 21uor E, Brown, then United States Coraniissionar of Education, 
 
 "The question of women's higher educntion in America saema to 
 m"* to lie about as follows t Th;it, lifter the ^reat advance we have made 
 la thlB field which has commanded the attention of the world and the ad- 
 nlration of a good part of the world, we h".ve come to something ilke a 
 jttuidotill and soma of the moat 'mportnnt steps have not been takenas 
 yot. It has taken a ^eat strangle to establish fully the higher edu- / 
 
 
 Cition of women as a simple human need. But that battle has been won • 
 Tho inter.ration of women's eduo -tion with the general scheme of edu^ 
 cation has been brought about, but the d ifferentiation of woman's edu- 
 Oition is yet to be aocompliahed (and yet unaccomplished in 193^) • I"®^ 
 US admit that the task of integration was by far the greater task, but 
 does it follow that the differentiation of wont£L.n*s eduontion is no taak 
 at all? Or to mit it in other worrls, the functions of men ^uid women in 
 ooclety rre different In numy ways, ^o those differences lie wholly 
 bej/ond the range of education? I am coijfldent that they cannot per- 
 manently be ^eft outside of the range of eduoation, but the task of bring- 
 ing them under uducntlonal treatment is one of the greatest diff iculties* 
 It calls for the highest exercise of InV'^ntive skill and patience. In 
 co-educational institutions under a syster of free election, the problem 
 tends to solve itself by the gravitation of women toward oertain coir see 
 and of men toward oertain other courses, while still other courses are 
 connon groimd. But this solution is only partial and unsatisfactory. 
 
nd now coaoB what seem to mo very proph'itlc words). There wilt be sane 
 
 .] 
 Y an education for hornenakln^ a-nd for woman's leading part In the finer ] 
 
 .1 
 rsia of oocial intercouTBe, which will do on the hiiF^er -academic plane • 
 
 ■it was done in a more petty way generations o,'^o, in popular finishing ; 
 
 rioola for ^irl8. But this too la only a pjvrt. There is to be further ! 
 
 Eorions preparation for wocian'a part In the economic, the industrial, ; 
 
 1 oven the political world," This statement of Commissioner Brown 
 
 i-33 clearly that woman, through e'lucation, liad entered into the lar^^gr 
 
 i 
 fa; the question of her path in it, however, was a difficult one yet 
 
 1)9 worked out, • 
 
 The Quotations thus far have come largely from school officials, 
 
 1b perhaps well to look at the trend of th« tirr.ao as shown by topics / 
 
 CCU3D6A in eduoational llter'-ture of the d.-y. The following Btatene't o 
 
 d taken from three addresses by leaders of note. /Attention Is called • 
 
 j 
 rnt to the su.^/;eBtive titles, "The Home and Hirf^ar Eduoation," "Proc- , \ 
 
 i 
 cal Apnlioatlons of All Learning to Better LlviaF:," and "Cross Puirposss ! 
 
 Iducation," Let us listen first to Carrie Chapman Catt, leader in | 
 
 3 Buffra^e movement! ; 
 
 "'»&- may not locate the new home in space. We nay*hot describe i 
 
 J naterial equipment, but we may rest aoGured that so lon,^ as time shall 
 
 5t whenever t^.o conjjenial souls shall meet, they will unite in the old . 
 
 1 
 at way ever new, and where the/ pause thure will be a ha'ne. That 
 
 I 
 .0 will continue to be the bulwark of our nation and our roce. Chil- x ■ 
 
 in •yill come to It more beautiful, bettor born, and better trained than 
 
 have been. In the transition which we could not stay if we would, the i 
 
 I 
 
 Taal forces of evolution may be trusted to save the race from mlstikes j 
 
 ' oorious. Meanwhile it is o\ir present duty to hail eaoh college woman 
 
• 6. 
 
 as well as e.ioh cotlaca man aa a poosible anoatlo of tho hi.-^hor llfo, and' 
 our safeot guide will "be tho motto, 'Liberty to all, crurtallmont of op* 
 portxmlty and /growth to ncne,'** 
 
 Dftvld L. Klohlo, rrofoaoor of T»oi!!a,r;o.*y, University of Mlnneoota, ebya t 
 "The indU8tri-58 and the taclmical sohoola opened to hare were planned 
 for nen and frora them nha muat ohoo?.e thcae udapt'^d to her tastes aiid Gapo,- 
 oitioB. • • * • Surely this is f^r-rit pr0'':r88a, one in vvhich our country talces 
 precedence over all others anr" yet thlo Ib not the ^oal for women av.d their 
 education. The ai<:nlficanoa of 7;hat we have done ia, in bo far as men and 
 wo.'aea have common abllltiea, comnon ri;hts, arid com:Tion alms, they may ntudy 
 and l.'ibor to-^ather, but beyond the point of differentiation, in a dopartmant 
 of life whloh belongs preaiilnantly and excaluaively to woinen, n.-anely, the 
 home and motherhood, no provision has been mada. So noticeable is thisnei^lect 
 that the crlticiem has been provoked that we are educating daui^htera fcr 
 shopkeepers and artipans, instead of for R-ives, mothers and homenvakero," 
 
 Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean of Simr.^ona Coll9fl:e sayss _^ 
 
 "If the maintenanoo of a finer order of homo is a matter of d^ei>«" 
 est concern to the comnunity, it lo,;ioolly follows that the appropriate 
 trainln,-; of the mother, the homemnk'^r, ia essential to tho rjonnra welfare, 
 'Ve sliall be wise, then, to test every plan for the education of wcmon, not 
 merely v.ith questions of immediate expediency or of personal advantnge, but 
 always with the thought of a larger contribution to tho comiTion i;ood and thd 
 hi^^^her fiinctlon which woman can never currender, • '• • • Tho oduoation of 
 W0I.1QU Ehould insure, first, tho general nchooling whloh is essential aliko 
 to tho development of both boys and girls} socond, for the sake of thg individ- 
 1 Mai ao wall as tho oommunity*— preparation for self-maintan.inco, 7;hether thia 
 duty is immediately imperative or -dl^^antly possible j and third, adocpiato 
 preparation for the responalbiUtias involved in tho direction of tho home, •• • 
 
7. 
 
 "We cannot too gratefully aoknowloclce the beneficent service of 
 the college for women, yet it has not coii55letely fulfilled its function, for 
 it is of the deepest importance that the college woman with her far-reaching 
 influence should from the beginning conceive the tjnie proportions of a 
 woman's education, that the standard of liberal education for women should 
 include adequate preparation for her pacred and imperative task. But is-itr 
 not true today that the girl may complete her prescribed courses in the 
 academy or college, receiving with credit the diploma and degree, and yet 
 may not have heard within the school or ^^ \ege walls any reference to the 
 tasks and responsibilities which her home will bring her. Does not thla 
 
 very fact, the exclusion of such reference— and with it the ignoring by 
 
 / 
 common oonsent of any studies or subjects which would fit her for her es- 
 sential function— establish a trend away from the proper consideration of 
 such duties and responsibilities? In our efforts to secure a general edu- 
 cation for women, have we not come to over-emphaoize and over-estimate 
 Bcholaetic ability, to magnify schooling and to minimize the value of the 
 qualities and of the knowledge which are esBential to the fullest develop— 
 ment— and particularly that knowledz-e and those qualities upon which her 
 succeas in her home administration will rlepend," 
 
 This review of the situation with regard to the education of 
 women at the beginning of the twentieth century aa presented by thooo lead- 
 ers in educational ideas, brings one face to face with the jpravity of the 
 situation— with the anxiety of tJiese leaders concerning the next step in 
 education for women, with the tremendous opportunities and obligations 
 which they saw were Just ahead« The field of woman's efforts had been 
 greatly enlarged, the tools of her life work ohangwd. ^11 agreed that ad- 
 Juotaent to a new ord>)r was the call of the hour. Women had no desire to 
 
 ii KaMMma 
 
evade their high duty a& conaervara of the race. The home waa still the hvl— 
 wark of the nation, but it was to be in mofly ways a new home in which a^l that 
 was boot of the old was to be retained, modified by new conditions a"^ with 
 new problems. The ingenuity and inventivenesG of the old days were n eeded 
 more than ever, but they had to be exercised in a different way. Wise selection 
 was more difficult because of the number and variety of materials from which 
 to chooee. Demands from outside the home, social, civic, philanthropic, 
 doDnndiio and educational must be met. Surely, the question "TOiat training 
 shall best fit the woman for her tasks ntjw and old?" cou'd not be hastily 
 abawered. Apparently no one way would ba sufficient for sxich numeroas 
 and varied demands. Differentiation In education as sxjggested by both / 
 Elliott and Brown seemed the answer of the hour. 
 
 For one group, those interested 'in a scientific study of J2a.a prob- 
 lems of the home, the way out was shown most clearly by that powerful a ency 
 for the education of women, the land ^ant-college. There, for twenty-five 
 years the several states had been working on the question of the different!— 
 ation in education along the line of the application of science to the prob- 
 lems of daily living on the farm and in the shop. One can hardly over- 
 e8tiiiw.te the far-reaching results of the loiid-grant dollege in the develop- 
 ment of education for the common life and the daily task. It was a new 
 experJrcent in education. They expected to do the unusual .•^nd that idea was 
 good for conservative women. Men were studying chemistry and bact arioso t-^, 
 not because somebody said those studios ov/^ht to form a part of a liberal 
 
 education, but becauce they expected to uco that knowledge later in .otsil^ajti^ysla 
 
 f — 
 or in work in the dairy. It la not too much to say that many a woman's 
 
 first work In che-.ilctry wis a more or less indefinite playing with teat- 
 
 tubeo in which one of three retmlts was expocted, a beautiful color, a bad 
 
9. 
 
 odor, or on explosion. Bat the work of Iha cien In the land-z^rant collie hep.ped 
 the TTonon to eee that thera was a field of apr^lied science for kronen as woll 
 aa for men. They realized later th'it the laws of hsat could be lllu^tr .ted "by 
 the kitchen range much more adequately for them than "by the steam en/^ira , that 
 the- life history of bacteria could be studied in many household proceGceo and 
 that the reactions of acids and alka? is rere crmiTion phenoraena in household pr>» 
 cesses. Thus there come into bein,^ the apolied ooi<9Qce side of home eoonomics. 
 Applied r.rt wna a later development, 
 
 Vihon those interested in findln.: a place and a way for teaching the 
 problems of the home in the college sou^^ht {juic'ance, thoy found the dir"Otion 
 for that development had be^n sketched out a generation before by an American 
 woman, Catherine Beecher, a oontsniporary of lira, ^illard and Mary Lyon, two 
 other outstandlmj leaders in the education of women To be sure, from time 
 imnomorial the care of the home and children had be^n assi^^ed as -Oman's . 
 prop'ir sphere, buf it remained for therino T.eecher to indicate Just h)w 
 the trainings needed in this sphire was to be provided. She wrote, tauc^t, . 
 spoke, always with an appreciation of the importance of the home and fatiily 
 as a factor in the nation's welfare. She riaid, "The 6m-3rioan nation is 
 demonatratlng the principles of democracy to the world. ♦ • • » The success 
 of a democracy depends upon the intellectua and mrral character of the 
 people. The proper education of a man decideo the welfare of an individual 
 but educate a woman and the Intereeta of a whole family are secured," 
 
 She shared with \k^cc-^ Lyon the id 'a that Bchoo''8 for the hi,f;ha: edu- 
 cation of women must be endowed and organised on a parnanent basis like the 
 col''«g'i3 for men, Catharine Be^^cher'a most sifjnificant contributions to the 
 education of women, In the vocabulary of the present day, are (1) the tnport- 
 aaco of the scientific baais as the preparation for on intelligent 8ttU^''of 
 
10. 
 
 t:-.e hon.e and (2) economic indepondence for ,romn. Her Idea, about thoscl- 
 ,ntlflc basis are claarly brought forth In har book "a Treatise on Domestic' 
 5oono:ny.« This book combines in an unusual ds^ree principle and practice, 
 ^or .xarrple. the .r.n^onts for home eoonomicc in education na «.t forth in a 
 .haptor on •■Dom83tlc Economy ae a Branch of Study" are cogont today. 
 
 lliss Beecher.B work for the econoaic independence of women ou) min- 
 .ted in the formation in I952 of what appears to be the first organisation of 
 omen for the Improvement of education Tl.. purposes of this association 
 ere explained by Miss -Beecher in IS55 in the "Lettera to the People on Health 
 nd Happiness." The na.e of this organisation wa« th. M.rican Woman's Edu- 
 atlonal Association. Its object, as stated in its constitution was, 
 
 "To aid in securing to American .omen a liberal education, honorable 
 oaition, and remvoaerative emp^o.^ent in their appropriate profession, the i 
 iatinctiv. profession of women bein^ considered as emb^acin^ the traixdns ' 
 f the human mind, the oare of the hunan body in infancy and sickness, n^d 
 he conservation of the family state." 
 
 If space permitted, attention in detail would ba given to Ifiss 
 -Cher. She wrote it 1835 on th. "Education of Female Teachers" in which . 
 ^0 states further with unusual clearness th. nttit.^de of mind with which ; Z 
 ^ intelligent wonuu. should consider her training for the Lrled duties of ^ ) 
 - home, also to the "American Roman's Home or i>rinoiplea of Domestic Sci- ' 
 "ce." published m 1570. "A guide to the 06rmation and maintenance of ,. 
 onomlcal. h.a tl^l and beautiful Chria.ian homes." It contains plane . : 
 T what is a very modern deve opm.nt-the practice house in connection : 
 th the proposed technical colle.e for woman which the .o^-s Educational ' 
 ^oolatlon had attempted to introduce. 
 
 Th. other group came to be desl^ntod as the codcin, .chool .^p. 
 
Slhey diBOlaimod all knowlecL^e of scienc-^ )nit answered with emphasis that 
 they could code and quoted the ndaoS, "The proof of the pudding is in the 
 eatin,<-." Leadevahlp in this gfcup bolon/;6 to Kiss Corson of the New Ya«k 
 Cooklnc School, Mru. Lincoln Jwid Miss. Pnrloa of the Boston Cooklnjfj School 
 and Urs. Kohrer of the Philadelphia Oookiiijj Schoo . n imriienae amount of 
 good was dona by this group In raiaiar the stajidnrda aa to whA,t consti- 
 tuted good food. They conducted olaaaes for all sorts and kinds of people 
 
 from plain cooks to ladies' classes. 
 
 WIbo Corson's f if tean-c-^nt dlnn-=>rs for workinj; men'a families . ' ' . 
 were bo unich In demand that 50|00^ coplsG of them vere distributed. In my ■ 
 opinioii, Mies Parloa stands quite alone in this group because of her breadth 
 of vie-.7, her OT)en-mindedneBB, her kesn appreciation of 'jsoentiald and non- / 
 esoentials, and her infinite capicity for taking pains, Althou/;h she ; , 
 
 had cooked veget'bles for y-iaro, when the Ijepartment of Agrlcuibture aslced 
 her to T^rite a bulletin on that subject, she asked to be /^Iven the opportunity . 
 
 to wait uaitil fall to write the bullstin in order tliat she might ^'^rovf the , . "" •. 
 
 - ■ "' , -' 
 
 vrosetablee and cook them in the 8\)mmer. My visit to her hoine in Bethel, 
 
 ■I • . 
 
 Connecticut I count as One of the privile.^es of my life. ITe had for dinner * 
 
 a few of the ve^je tables that she was ^rowin^ and she explained that she -"^ 
 
 7a8 f^lad to have company because they could not keep pace in eating; with 
 
 the growing ve^^otables. • • _ 
 
 The work of these cookin.; schools in the deonde from 1S70*-S0 made 
 
 i real contribution to better standards in food and aroused public sentiment. 
 
 ■ ! 
 
 T'ney denionstrated beyond a shndow of a doubt the desirability and poosibility ' 
 
 )f hcvir.^ rTOOd food, well served, at saall ex'.iense and so ministered to a .j 
 
 iniveroa need. It was their priviletje to touch at first hand the homes oT ' 
 ill olassos of people and so to oreate a dru<iaiid for Instruction In the urta 
 
 
12. 
 
 of thd home in the public school, Tha recordo show that f^.fialn and c^iain 
 domestic sclpnce ras introduced Into the public ochools only after come 
 Tjubllc s-niritod citizen had demontrnted those benefits 3n n. nrivato school. 
 In. fact domestic pclence was put into the -public schools of Urbana by J.(rs. 
 S. T, 5u3ey, for Many yearo a tmr.tee of the Univercity, who had become 
 interested in the work done in other cities, and a most al' of the Rohoola 
 nmed have modern outgrowtho of their early vrork. 7or Instajice the Woman's 
 Educational Aoeoolatlon In Bonton Ir, an out,';ro'.vth of that work and tho Boa- 
 ton Cooking School, continued until in 1902, when it was made a part of . 
 Simnone Ccllese, • . , 
 0, Edu-cation at the University of Illinois 
 
 Illinois shares with Kansao and Iowa tho honor of beiiwc among the '' 
 first to reoogniza the opportunities and responsibilities in the field of the 
 education of women, so that in the decade between the '70 's and 'SO'tj, when 
 many ot^ite universitios took the rirJc of opening their doors to women, these 
 three institutions went a 9t*p further and sought to put seas era'ihasis "iipon 
 their education by offerinj;; courseg especially for women.. Apparently Illinois 
 lacked the persistence of Kansas and Iowa for after six years which ended 
 in the narrin^e of the President of the University and the Pvofessor of Do- 
 mestic Tconoray, special efforts for the education of women in this insti- 
 tution ceased. 
 
 In 1900 xmder the presidency of Andrew Sloan Draper when & new order 
 in cyjriculture was undertaken by Dean Davenport, tho su^eestlon of the edu- 
 CT.tion of women was considered and steps t;?]c6n to open a department to repre- 
 r»ont their interests , Byithat time President Draper had been working hard - 
 for six years to overuome what ho and Ctovernor Alt^jeld regarded as the one- 
 aidodness of tha University, 
 
 i-j.imn.A'i . iimi"w"ii».^ 
 
13 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 "The Asriculturn.! College was Irjprovln,'-. Th« En^ineerin,^ Colle.^e, 
 003 of t>.3 first in tha 7o3t vraa on-j of th?- tliroo largest in the country, the 
 Collets of SclanoQ was favorably known for its research} bxit the University 
 r-is CO ill-aquippsd for the teachin,^; of llt6»rature, history, the library, 
 business, economics, and law that no far-sl>';hted atMdant would .'ittand it to 
 purouo these branches. Governor Altgeld vishei all the poor youth of the 
 state to h?iVe the same educational op-oortMnities ?.8 children of the i'ealthj,r 
 ii.nd ha bellBVsd that only a well ovpoortod, woll ro\inded otn.te Inctltuticn 
 could create this. Nor did he wish to stren-c hen the liberal studlep alone. 
 Tor he thovght that no mitter v/hat he had or ■whr.t professional traiiirH-^ an 
 Illinoican might desire, he ou,':ht not to find it necessary to leave the state 
 supported schools, and he lent hlo whole cupiiort to the policy of experimai tation 
 which was to forv/ard the Law School, the Kcdical School, the Schools of ?har- 
 nicy and D-^ntlctry, and to stren,-;then the Cracluntc School," 
 
 Dosui Davenport 'd efforts torard Vulldlii^ up the ner coll'rgs of 
 aivficulture had borne fruit in ciauy ways. The raoet tangible evidence v^as en 
 appropriation for $150,000 iCor a new ^grici'Itural bulldln,'^. It talcsg acme ' • •. 
 ini.';ination to vicunllz-i the five buildings? on the crmpus Then I arrived,*— 
 the President's House, Univerflity Hall, Cheniatry~now the Hntomolo,-;jy Bail— 
 dln/i)- part of the Natural History Th;.lldin;-j, and the Sn/^iaesrlng Buildlo:^, 
 "The apT^roTorlntion for 1C99 wiia ^593*5^'^ a^fi- $50,000 interest on endovTiaentr.. 
 Oi this amount $150,000 for the A^Tlcultural Bui 'dim- and $10,000 for a coursd 
 of Dcr.ieotlc Economy are of special Interor.b to us. But th-.-'se atatistics f-;:lva 
 no idea of the atmosphere of the c-.Tunis. It was literally 'b\i7.7Av^z TJ'lth ntnt*^ 
 nooc, jier; 'buildln.'ja, novr co\u'Be8, nav menbora of the faculty; Hiss Katharine 
 1. Slvorp flind llias Violet D, Jayn^ were already at their renpectlve Jobs in 
 thei library and an Dean of Women; and f^ spirit of adventure, open-ninde^lneau 
 I7"n5vino, Alloiu "Illinois.".. ■',■ i ' ' . 
 

 
 and experlnontation provnilfld. The list of nev/ xmdHrtakin'ta that had 
 followed In the wake of President Draper's arrival were the Ituslc Depart- 
 nant, Library and Law Schools, be'.";lnnin:-:a of the Chic£v;o Gchoolo of Medi- 
 cine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy caraa troopin ■ alon^ and in the words of Alice 
 in V/ouOerland, "In my country one mist run to keop up," And into all this 
 nevmesa I coma from ten years' experience in teaching chemio try and natural 
 science in women's collo^^oa in Pennsylvania and Oliio and a year's rosidenoe 
 in EOEton, where I had studied in the I/Aanaohuootto Institute of Tachnolo#-y 
 with Wrs. Ellen H. Richards and Professor T7. T, Sedg-.vick, 
 
 I shall never forget my first inprossiona of Champaii'^n thj.\t April 
 day whan I arriV'^d to be looked over, I wag the ^.i^iest of Presid'ent Draper 
 and ejrter luncheon ha took me for a drive and I thout-ht I had never seen bO / 
 flat and so muddy a place, no trees, no hills, no boundaries of any kind. 
 This lade of boundaries, physical and mental, the open-mindQdnBsa of the 
 authorities and willin^-nesB to try experiments, indeed their desire to do 
 so, opened up a whole new world to ma. j President Draper and I soon fovtnd 
 one c nmon bond, possibly a, surprising one, our love of fine horces, I felt 
 almost as if I had been riding with my fathsr. ^e went to sea Dean Davanrort 
 in the house out by the barns and he and I looked at the New Agricultural 
 Building and talked about farm life and the education for it. I remember 
 I told Dean Davenport I had been reared on a 200-acre farm and felt that I 
 knew imich of the life that went on there, but IllinoiB University seamed to 
 be T/orking on the gOO-acre basis. 
 
 Than I had a conference v/ith that gentleman of the old school, Vice- 
 Prenidont Burrill, on education and life, both of which he understood so well, 
 2y the time these conferences wero completed I was ra-'dy to a^^ree with Presi- 
 dent Draper's statement, "I7e don't have much scenery around here, but we do 
 have a good crowd to live with." . '. , . 
 
 ■HI lLyiu n ,ia,,M 
 
■ 15. 
 
 Thar© is anothar vivid memory of that viait. On Sunday after- ^ 
 noon wa went to the "Chapel" in University Hall to attend services held 
 In honor of Professor Morrow^ Daan Davenport's prodecossor. I r'^call thct 
 
 Profesoor Staphan A, Forbeo mado tha prlnoipal adnross and thufc I thoxyvit 
 it ;;ood, as I learned ofterr/ard his adnresoes were sure to he. But my 
 mont vivid moffiory is of the Uijlinesn of the room, shape, size, color-an 
 at/ful blue, I could not help contruBtin^ it with the beautiful, new, well- 
 proportioned, and well-furnished chipel in Lake Erie Colla.^e from which I 
 
 had ooaa, ' . ., 
 
 I cherish yet that fateful teleijraiu dated April 19, 1900, which 
 
 road as follows; • . 
 
 CH;J.{?AICK ILLIIJOIS APRIL I9 I9OO / " 
 
 MISS IS^BSL BF.VIEa LAivZ LTRIE COL'ilGE PAIl.-SVlLlE OHIO Z . 
 TRUSTEES YESTERDAY ELECTED YOJ VRQTESSOn 0? HOaSEHOLD SCIENCE 
 AT FIFTEEN HUInISED DOLLAI^'S PiTR YEAR AM) KISS S?R,\GUE AT EIGHT ' ■/ 
 HlLtlSSD V7ILL YOa BOTH ADCEPT Ail S^TER PAID 
 
 A S IR/lPER 
 ^ ' . ' 4 2:U4 p.m. 
 
 11 had Ion,? before decided that I would hot spend my years tenchin/^ 
 in ejiy vrosian'a college, althow^h I had leRXnod much while llvin/: in them. 
 But I had never been able to make them seen other than abnormal places of 
 re*5id-ince for me, lly association with dv/ father and three brothers as '.veil 
 an my tralnin?: in coeducational colle^cas had made me entirely coeducational 
 in all my sympathies. Moreover, these y-'cvrn had f:iven me some rather d'^fir— 
 ito ideas as to what I thow.'ht constituted a liberal education for woman, 
 and I was 00 pleased to find that I wa?3 to have my chance to plan a course 
 . that vrculdihalp me realize my Id-jal, ' My enthusiasm for this new chance waa '; 
 
 ■ > !'- • — ' — 
 
 ^^^^^-^W* ■! ■ 
 
15. • ; 
 
 chocicod vhen I realizod in part the uisa of the venture that I wcg to imder— 
 tslze in Saptenber and c;v ccncciouaneca of ny IcjcIz of either oxperi&noo or 
 trcinino in \rh.'it was then knotrn as dcmootin ocieiioo. To to sure v-'han I vrac 
 ctucV/iiVTciigj^istrjr with Professor Alljert W. Sr.iith of Cica School of Applied 
 Scior.ca ho had told mo that tho place for VTOuor. in ch<;ni3t**y v/aa iri food 
 chei:J.Gtry» and actiiv; upon hio BV/crjort I hr.d studiod food chenir.try in J.iaooa- 
 clnico-to InstiLute of ToclinolOfTy find in Professor V/. 0, Atwator'o La"boi*atory, 
 Alco |I had ia/uli3 It plain to Preoidfint Drapsr and Doan Davonport thai flno 
 cooking wac no^ in rsy reportoira and both Mrs, Bichardo and ProfasGor Atr/ofc or • ■ 
 had orrihaoized tho fact that my special trainir^'r had boon in the chorlntry 
 of foo'.le and mitrition. Indoed I learned noiue yearo later that Profacsor At- 
 water had \Tritt;on dofinitoly to Precid'nit Ih:aper that if tho departnant was 
 i->xpftctod to ho orti^inlzed on cookiut; sch.ool linos, I had "bettor not be called 
 ao I rvov.ld h'i a misfit. Prouidont Di'apor had caid to lae, "Z donn care if you 
 can cod: or r.ot, I vd-ll got Bcmf>body to do Ihat, I vajat you to i-un yovr de» 
 prirtacnt end it will be Judi;')d by tlio reoulti; obtained in its laboratories 
 rT.C. class rooms and its success by the meaaure of University reopect obtained 
 for it. "J 
 
 I devoted conaidertible tir.'.o that r.vniTiar of I9OO to *Collocl;ln:< idaa, 
 at. the La]:e Placid Conf-.^renca, wiiich raa thsn and for many years the beotssouros 
 of ic'eas for this new type of work. On Soptsmber 1, I9OO I arrived in Urbana, 
 B^ttlad r^rpooceosions in t\7o roona "at. o02 '.'.'est Illinois Strsfit and souiiht 
 confcronces with my eup«rior officeir^. 
 
 ProBid.'Ut Draper told mo to visit the vjirioua dojxirtmonts ?uid uo* 
 v.'hat I could find that I v/antod to incorporate in the nev; dopartmont, ]Sy 
 pudouoter showed that for throe da;^ I hixd averaged five miloe P';r d.ay in 
 ovon tho rastrictad opace from the Enf^inocrJji^ Buildin.;; to tho top f'oor Of 
 
17. 
 
 D Katural Kiatory Bull dins where tha rlGprj:tnent waa temporarily located. 
 9 Haw A^'lcultural Building follovrins the lot of new ouildin.'^s, as I learned 
 t"i".7ard," was not ready for occupanoy. E.-^ch day was an adventure into tha 
 eat ■unknown. The liabilitiaa of the department r/ere many, its assets chiefly 
 e i^ood will, far-ai^htedjiesB and the ,'-;en-aino interest of those in axithori ty, 
 acoat not to be 'i^htly esteemed, • "• 
 
 JTho naming of this nevr edvcational child wa? entrusted by Prosi- i 
 a.'it Draper to Dean Davenport, Vice-?reBident Burrill, and me, and here 
 ean Davenport's fjuidin,^ hand appeared. The three of us wanted science as 
 ha basis and the ccientifio apT)roach to tha subject, but it was Dean 'Dav- 
 nport who said, "I believe there mtIII be some day a science of the house- 
 old. Let's get ready for it and develop it." So the child was named -^ 
 Household Scionoe" and thus due warning ^^Iven that neither a cooking ochool 
 ,or a milliner's shop was being opened in the University. Immediate plans 
 lad to be m-ide for class instruction. The new laboratory could not be ready 
 )ofore the second semester, but Doctor Burrill said, "It has been advertised 
 vll over the state that a new department is to be opened, so you must teach 
 joraathin,';." j Tliat was <?uita a poser but I was so anxious not to have the 
 food work be;;i.n until the second semester of the first yea» that I was glad - 
 to do a-'iythinc that would help toward that end. The faot that we could have ';:,',-:. 
 no laboratory was a ^eat help in that plai-v. 
 
 In my aenroh for ideas and help I went nat\irally to the chemistry 
 dopnrtment first, because of my e:cpt}rlenc8 as a teacher of chemistry. I 
 foujid ProfosRor A*, v^. Palmer ajid Doctor H. S. Orindley most anxious tobe 
 holpful. Also I.'.rs. 'Riclmrds had told rati to i;o to "That nice old man in 
 on/jinooriny;, Doan Kicker, he is the best of them al"," I fcund hin noiC 
 helpful because through his influence as well as that of Professor J. U. 
 
IS. 
 
 Thlto vao-ostobliahod that connection with the Enrdneerins Col^ece, for many 
 
 yooro tha only (nich alliance in the country. That connection enabled "us to 
 
 provide for this v/onderful opening couroa which both Dean Davenport and 
 
 Vico-Precident Burrill had aaid must be ci-'^an to the froshmen if we v/iohed 
 
 to build "up a Dtronr: departaant. After much thou^t it wis decided that the 
 
 couraa fomorly given in the College of Engineoria^ which had includediaix 
 
 lectures, oach on history cf architectfure, haatin^, and plxmblng should be 
 
 covod ovor, rftvacqjed and renamed in the Department of Household f^cience, 
 
 ProfooDOr .\7nite cacie nobly to the rescue and We opened a courae in home 
 
 architootura and sanitation . I chooe that name because I thought I could 
 
 toach a greaier variety of things '^bout the house and the home under that 
 
 name than undor any other, and I vranted the class to bs^dn early to under- 
 
 . / 
 
 atond that wluit we were working at under any and all names was the homs» 
 
 Tha Lake Placid Conference had Gu-geotod that the work in Home 
 Econoraico ohould c-anter around food, shelter, and clothir.g and Z chose 
 to begin ^rith chelter so as to havs a tangible basis for the "vork. In 
 HouQohold Science I^, as we called Ivoma architecture and sanitation. Pro- 
 foBoor Y?hite taught house planning moot sklllfulTy, Other members of the 
 enginoerin;; staff gave leoturos on heatliv;, plumbing, and lighting, whl5.6 
 Do^n HicXor gave a course In the history of architecture and I supplied 
 tho woman's point of view about the JtOma, 
 
 I otill think we planned b'j'Ster than we know when 7/e made that 
 approach to tha subject, Alirost da^,/ I wont to Dean Davenport to recount 
 ay BUOConGQs and failures and to find out v/hnt to do next. You who knew 
 lis facility in that direction understand that I was never without a Jbb, 
 "htiro was always in Dean Davenport's mind the broader outlook, the ability 
 coa things in their relatlonshipo. Thnse qualities laade him a wonderful 
 
^5. 
 
 doan for « ^lepartnent lookad upon ;rith suspioion. Tno^'^^of puttln., 
 ccler.ce Into ^th. ho,,.,hoM ,ma not ol^. kindly recolvod. E-.an tha^d-nn 
 or Liberal Ar't.. tho^^h kindly disposed, had ...Id. "Hov. nruoh credit a.-e. 
 you .nk^n, for .read hakin,^7" . a.d I n.id "Kot :..cl., becauoe .e are not ' 
 b.^m^nuch l,read.«. It wa. a sonrco of roal catl.f.^tlon two years later 
 to h.ve tl..t s.^e doa:. cay to r... »^o ... r:^,^ ,,,, ,^^^^,^^ ,^ ^^^ ^ ^.^^ 
 10. in liberal Art. and X .ould like to lncl.de two of your ooua^sas, nc.ely 
 'L'ona Sanitation and Homo decoration.'" 
 
 "^- »e»„ D-.ve„port h..a al.-ay„ u„„ ,„ u=.«, to «^lu,t,, to d.d .a 
 .bout the t.™ to ., ap,„t m =o.rc.» „« the proportion or cre«t for th, 
 ■»0X, .^..p. It «. „el... „t ths .e,Un..i„, tl^t 0..I. .,.out ono-,.a.t,r 
 ■f tU au4,„t.. t,„, .^ouM b, ^„e„ to hou^ehcl. =.ienoa bcoau.o or th, / 
 .^.lre»,„t, i„ eolonoe. M.tor,, Uteraturo. all or .hich .e Included 1„ 
 ur plan m. a U.oral education for .onen. , ool,e.,;ue of .ins «rM„^ ' 
 n «U,ourJ at the ,<^e time once ,ald, "I Jon-t tac, a. I .ould Ulce t, ' 
 av. . dc^ that .no.s a, ..,ch a.o.t ho.o ,cono»lc, a, .,^ b,,,„,,„, ,„,,. 
 .ouldn.t .ao„ ,heth,r It .as hi, oo^se or nine." I „aa aever tro.hlod 
 -t .a,. I al,ay, ,-.„ 1, „as a .o™„,u„, fathered fro. »u,, poopl... 
 
 ■«.s Z15.,al„th Spracu, rationed In the te:e<:ra» l«d b^on too 111 
 =0- „o I ,as ,„ft to o,,on the oaU. 1^,0 a.u.l„ „f the Unlver.lt^ of 
 1« tla. .'t<i'nlr.h«d the foUosIn.-; data: 
 
 «->■* 13. 1300. Bep.artner.t of I>c.«.tIo Sclonce e.tahli.hed. . 
 .nr.t»n..,r I90C. Orcan.l.atlo., of the School of ■ro..,hold Solonce. 
 ™c Unl,„r„u, catalog- of IS39 ..0 I90O oo.taln, ,:>, follo.lr^- .tat» 
 ' 0: Offering, under th, caption ..>Iouoohold .cono.lc«.. VhU Va^-l.t, of 
 " aho™ .omethln^ of the confueion attondin., the »„rk. 
 
^AX>»^|" 111***" 
 
 20. . 
 
 Catalog, IS99-I9OO 
 Household Econonios Offerin^'^s ' " , 
 
 Archltecturo Chemiotry 
 
 Buctericlo^Ty Economics 
 
 PhysiolOfi^ 
 wliQ.-i registration, had en(3sd wa found that ^7e had 20 students and 
 roo co'oroes, end "Architaoture and Sanitation," for the first semester, 
 •jlootion and Preparation of Food," and "Homa Decoration," for the second 
 r.oolor. Later In the seaaster v:e moved Into the north wing of the New 
 •icultural Buildin,^ and proceeded to ■plc.n kitch-:;r.s and the ■be,^:innin.:8 of 
 •.h'jiaical laboratory. For the one course which I felt really prepared to 
 or tivure were no students. I had worked it ou.t when in MasBachusfttta 
 tllule of TcJchnolOtiy and it had been ap'oroved by Vers. Richards and Pro- 
 nor S'-'dTirick, and I had tau^-ht it at Lako Erie Colierra. It wan tho 
 nilitry of food and nutrition, but no student hacl eu^flclent work in 
 h«r foods ox* chenistry to talce it, 
 
 I had, however, plenty to do in the co\xrso In Architocttire and 
 3 5r»;>itation and the plana for the developamt of tho courses licted, 
 plan of the work in foods proved to be a real undortalcin^jj. In those 
 I v/h-ira to be.'in with foods was a ,rreat ^lueution. IVhoa I scj/ihS help 
 ho quontion of the first lesson, soma .answered "with water", others 
 h fire," Kina land grant institutions had co\irsoo in. "Eonastio Tico- 
 " i'l 1900, Iowa State Coll?.^.=i, Z.insas Stata y^^icultural Collefie, Goruth 
 ta Sta'.o Colle.-e, Ore.^on State CollOfTe, tho A^^rlcultural Colle^-e of 
 , Colorado A.-,ri cultural Colle.:a, Michi.^on St^_te College, Ohio State 
 'raity, and Itontana State College. But jud,:;ed by their catalosa the 
 oooadd to me to be on tho cooking echool basis. Tne com-ees were 
 
 / 
 
21. 
 
 ,od A3 cooking, advanced cooking, incliiding salads, which I had thotu.^ht 
 ) -roatly fron raw materiala. I soiight for another classification and 
 .lly decided to use 'the' method with v/hich I was fainiliar In the teachin/j 
 honlstry; ntinely, to take the classes of food and study one class until 
 otudont Icnew something about it. Proteins, fata, and cnrhohydratas were 
 claocesi^Cjeclded to hegi:; with; protein hecause of its iimortanca and 
 uso it wcu'fl rlva us the work with me-it In midwinter. "Cookin.^ seemed to 
 Inad-^quato that after much thow^ht I chose "Selection and Preparation 
 cod" for the tit e of the first semester's work in foods and "Econoraical 
 of Food" for the second semes terig v/ork. 
 
 For the home decoration work I 'begged, hou":ht, and borrowed all 
 or and kinds of house furnishi'-i;': materials, fron Tiffany vases to six- ,/ ■ 
 wall paper, and fitted up a room in the new building to ll"'ustrat8 
 n furnlshingo. 
 
 I<o day passed that come one or ten people did not anpftar to see 
 'noo build? n'," and the "noo" wori^^n, or to find out about something. There 
 distinguished visitors who wished to have explRlned how cooking coui^- 
 \r, ia a University. Teaching claseas, planning courses, answering the, 
 mona, and receiving visitors kept me busy. * 
 
 One rorning in the early dawn when I was mapping out my day's woik , 
 •I to myself, "It is not fair to my class to have all these interruptions 
 lephone and visitors, I am going to pay no attention to the telephone.** 
 re only vrell started In the class work when the teler)hone began. Re— 
 rin*^ my resolution I kept bravely on as did also the telephone. Finally 
 > if up as a honeless task and went to my office to anr.wer It and 
 Doctor Eurrill at the other end of the line saying, IjWheu we get the 
 ilding, what do you think we had better call it? Just the vrcaen'a 
 
 .■•■■1 
 
 J 
 
 ) 
 

 22. 
 
 il^dlr.;; or Grecory ILall, or soiae other nana?" Stallirif-j for time I said, 
 
 '>, I Can't realte: araddenly on such a big q-uection, let me call you later," 
 
 .',;'. srent back to iny class. 
 
 About tv70 minutes later I heard steps on the stairs. • Soon Dean 
 l,vfir.,nort, aqconipanied by two gentleman, paoced the door with a nod which 
 ift'iT.'iid to cay, "Your office, please," I want in to be introduced to the 
 
 \it\d, Iricbnum, Sir Horace Plunkett, and Sir T/illiora McDonald, the Governor 
 
 I 
 
 'ixA-.tnl of Can.ida. Keedleaa to say ray resolution faded in the face of such 
 
 ipealtion, and Dean Davenport saw that I needed a secretary and provided one* 
 
 Critica came too, one a superintendent who had two daughters in 
 
 chool and vrho tasw oxaotly what ou^ht to be dona .-.bout woman's education. 
 
 / 
 X tho very si^ht of him I knew Bonuthin^-^ was the matter. One ni^jht after 
 
 -J 
 X hard 'lay, ao I was leavinn;; tho building; I met him at the hoad of the stairs 
 
 \n'\ rathor nurprioad him by sayin,<, "Vifoll, I lir.i in a hurry, what ia the matter? 
 
 .'ftt'ti hivo it no-ff." lie caid, "V/hat do you mean?" And I said, "There is alv 
 
 ra/a fio.':i')thli"i^ the natter and I thou^'^ht we inif^ht as well /ret it over with." 
 
 t exactly a tactful procedure, I admit, Ee said, "Do you know you haven't 
 
 <» wory 'Cooking* in that catalo/j onoa?" I was Greatly relieved and I said, 
 
 ih, that is bec.'-iuse cookin,?; is not all that we do with food, soma we freeze, 
 
 no wa dry, soma we juat wash and eat raw. I wuited a chance for a large 
 
 Ub-irly in ia/ work in food so I said selection and prepai-ation which ooverB 
 
 Bueh ir.oro nearly what I want to do." ' 
 
 ''I'a&n there was the man who was fond of horses. I had spent consider* 
 
 'vblo ti:,9 oiicl thought on fitting up the hall at f.\Q head of the ctairo so as 
 
 to ciki an attractive reception room and Professor Wells anfi I had been ooi»- • 
 
 "Ic^io.'.od to ,0 to Chicaijo and select some pictures and come chairs and a 
 
 i'Ook radc to add to its attraotlvonass. The pictures were Corot's "Dance of 
 
h 
 
 23. 
 
 tho Kyrnha," "ThQ GloanerB," ?'.nd one other of that type. They had been franed 
 
 ,\ocordlr.,3; to the custom thGn~in rather broad framos. Im.-j^ine iny siirprisa to 
 
 h/ivo thic ruin say, " ir you don't look out the first thinif^ ycra know you will , 
 
 Junt have a collection of frames here. IThy don't you hn-vo a pictv:re of a 
 
 j;ood horsa?" I v;an mmiaed, but I hocitatod a moment and tht»n I oaid, "I 
 
 4 don't kno;7 where I can .^^et a picture of a .jood horoo. Could you get one 
 
 t for m?" He didn't seem so certain that he could pro(?uce one. 
 
 f Ivny by day I v/as acquirin^r the idea of vmat the land ^ant coll'^o 
 
 I Eoant in education, which "nia the idea that it belon red to all the people, 
 
 : that the state \ niversity v/as to serve the interest of the state, that v/hat ^/e 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 I fouj-id but in our laboratories if helpful -./ao to be parsed on. This vieWj^oint/ 
 
 : wa3 vary different from what I had been accus toned to, I had been associ- 
 
 ; nted with the aristocratic idea of education. A responsibility was under- 
 
 taJcon for internretir.jc the coiTimon life and the daily taaks on a ocientlfio 
 
 baais. '^0 fai' as vromen'a education was concerned Jxist at that tirre this idea 
 
 froa the land (^ant collor:e of workinr; on a scientific basis was a vary ^eat 
 
 contribution. Tne cooking schools vdth thoir rulo of thujnb aothodg could 
 
 not .;et very jTar, but the scientific explanation for the action and reactica 
 
 of h-!at, cold, rcids, and alkalis opened up a \7hola haw world in tho then 
 
 niuch discussed food question. 
 
 1 I qiiiclcly learned to distln^pjish the visitoro \7ho oana from the 
 
 cciontific fia"d from those interested in tho olasnics. \Vhen I said to tho 
 
 fornor, "".To are tryin/s to cnke application of r-cience to tho problems of the 
 
 hono," thoy -,70uld make some s atenent that left no doubt that they understood 
 
 ny lan.'^Ti-'.s-e. ?.*ut the classioicist said, "Y-e-s. Ai'a we too late for break- 
 
 ^ast? Are tho biscuits cold?" ). ■••.••■■...-.' ' . ■ ' ". . 
 
 ■. ■ .^ 
 
 Another of my surprisea in these -^arly dB.ya vras the attitude of \y 
 
2U, 
 
 , M <r,n I cpjaa ^ith the Idea that land ^TTont 
 IV, „ ir. Vathcrlt/ tovrard relUion. I coma 
 
 „n,.- .'" vory ...1.- Pl-- -^ ' ^-^ -* °* "=' '^"'" °'"°'" 
 .nur. >.. •..-ir r...«otlv. Church,.. .,» no> only of h,.h pr..=ipl.. -' , 
 
 ... .L.or. ir. >h, .ocl... ».'. "Ucic. life of .ha ,.ua,„t .o.y. I« tho=, 
 
 V 1 A ^;.nt coll" -9 riid much for the farm boy and .:irl, 
 c:^ly //.yo I think the land ^ant coii -,9 ^^ 
 
 „.. o„>. in >.ro..,.nU. .heir In.ell.c.ua ho.l.c. W. in developia, th.ir 
 
 ,, a> cl.=-.e. «.d M.a. r- «11 th, cone.,s of the Unlve.aUy ..ve .he 
 .o.,.try-hr,.> .naivu..! „e. Idaa. .» to the l,,,.ortanc, of eoolal «Uts and ^ 
 .0 .h„ to.n-hred .ro.^ reope-t for .he suhet^tlal ,uaUtl,= of hi. country 
 cou..n. •• t-ch.r of Easll.h. aity bred. =ald to .e. "1 am .lad to have , 
 .h. *„^la>H>^, boy. la ^ clasae.. Ihey have not read anything and don't ^ 
 ^,0- Ea-Uuh, hut they .0 to .ork at It Ju=t aa they would .or,, at di„;in. , 
 ,U„H„. T-n.y .or. IntelU^ently and they eoon learn to read dUcrl.lnateiy.-^ 
 . .„„a„ .ho ca., to my .taff f CB a land ^ant Institution In the ,.orth.e.t 
 .aid. -Th.. 1111.013 H0»e Ico„on,lc, ..Ir^e ha,e a very different eoolal etatu. 
 froJ.hat I aavo hoen accua.o»ed to. The llUnole ,-lrU seem to he In the : 
 cater of th, ca»tm. ooolal life. Iho^e I knew were .eore^ated." i 
 
 All thl. .ao what w. called Inalde work, hut many oontacte had to b>^ 
 .„ae o. th» out.lde. Poan Bavenpdrt had ae vlelt three what he caU.d typl- \ 
 c.,1 nUnol= hoo,.. Jach wae a 500-acre far-. To he sure I learned later { 
 that not all the Illinois farms ha^ 800 acres, hut the Raymonds and the M- 
 „.,r.ons w,re leaders In better fanning and better living. The r-a-er.- Inetl- 
 .uu ,a. already a .rowln, concern and the wom,an.o division, afterward na.^ 
 the Househol-. Science Separt-ent of the r.^oer,' Institute was already at 
 «rk under the leadership of Mrs. Dunlap. lire. I.ays,ond. Krs. Carter. «r.. S. 
 
 / 
 
/ 
 
 25, ' ■ '^^^ ECONOMICS 
 
 King and others. Throttfih thaae women arrangemento were mnde for the school 
 for housekeepers which was hold the last two weeka in Jonxx&ry and brought 
 to-iother frora 100 to 500 women for dflinonfltr'\tlon and dlnoutslon on the proh- 
 lema of the home. Dean Dnvenport wns Interested in havln/c me visit other ' 
 institutions in which similar work Wf\e bein^ oonducted. So I went to plTCes 
 as widely separated as l-tcDonaTd Institute in Canada, the Detroit Manual Train* 
 in.^ Sohool, the Philadelphia Ifuseura. I sp'oke at Fanners' Institutes, at 
 the educational neetln/t of Canadians at Toronto | andimnde my debut at the 
 annual meetin.T Of the Farm-ira' Instltuts at Jacksonville, Illinois in Feb- 
 ruary of my first year, J(rs. Carrirtl, the ^'au,<jhter of Johnathan B. Tur- !^. 
 ner of land prnrt fame told me years afterward that I turned to her as I ' y^ 
 Bftt on the platform treniblli:^ <-Uj(T said, "If I had known that this kind of 
 thing went with my Job, I would never have aooepfced the poeitlon."] '■'■ 
 
 The following excerpt frora the addreaa *clven nt Jacksonville will 
 
 show somethlnr of what we were attemptln/T. |\ ■: 
 
 J' A, 
 
 "We CGino now to oonnid^r th*» er^oond question, wh.nt do you mean by 
 
 I 
 household soienceT Yovimano has said it Includes a study of the fv;ents, the j 
 
 material, and the phenoinonn of the hounohold. We need to paue*^ a moment and 
 
 1 
 repeat the worde to appreciate the lar^-eness of the suigestion. The av^ents— ' 
 
 heat, lirht, food, electricity, cold; the materials-rtb^alr we.br«athe, the j. 
 
 food wa eat, the water we drink, and the houses we live in complete^ the \\ 
 
 llstfp It is well to remsmber that principles are unlvorsal, while the appll»i \ 
 
 . I \ 
 catione are Dpeolal and particular. The general laws of heat are ae true 
 
 £or the modern ran^e as for the steam en^;ine. The painter, the decorator, 
 
 and the dyefl- have a technical Interest In color but the woman who would iXru ' . 
 
 •beauty and personality to her home by a harmonious blendin.'^ of color cannot 
 
 dlarei'iard these some principles that .overn the technical work. Woaan hare 
 
 besn rather slow to rooofcnlta the close relation soienoe sustains to the 
 
^hkh'U ar.ai-lTiai 
 
 26. 
 affairs of the home and by aoma stranee oversight provlalon hus not "bean 
 Bade for them to apnly their solenoe In a field particularly tholr own. It 
 thore any ^jood reason why the ^Irl should not apply her knowledyte of oh end 8 try 
 Id br»»<i 'u^^ of haotorlolo.Ty to tha prooooode of f ermentatlonT I believe It 
 ll our privilege to benefit by the educational erperiments conducted on the 
 pen, They have tosted auoceaalvely the classloal ochool, the manual train- 
 ing flohool, the teohnloal school, and our univor5;ltle8 stand today because 
 Bon have foxuid that the wisest development, the tiniest untoldlng of the 
 human' spirit was to be accomplished, not by any one of the schools but by tha 
 correlation of the best elements of each. This brin a us directly to our 
 last topic, the position of household science In a state university. I 
 answer, to provide, a place and on opporttmlty for the correlation and . 
 application of the arts and solences to the hone, I know of no one place 
 Bore fateful for /^od or evil in the life of the Individual or the nation 
 than the home. An the equlyjment and advantat-^es of the University f^ently 
 •Toiod those of any single coll \Te, so are the opriortunltiea for the hbuie- 
 
 hold aoience department (jreatly multiplied The colle/^e of scleaoe 
 
 c\n reveal to the students some of the mystarlBs of the laws of life. The' 
 Oolloge of liberal Arts can /=:lve them a truer conception of their own plan© 
 tod w4rk in the world by the study of the hlotory and literature of other 
 peoples and tongues. The eye can be trained to recognize thp beauty of 
 color and outline and the hand to express it by the work in the College of 
 Arohlteotuxe, and the decorator can sho-^ hew to construct and adorn the 
 Houno beautiful, A wise selection and correlat.lon of work in th<)se various 
 Uneo, comblnf»d with tho work of the household science department, affords 
 M unusual ppportujiity for that symmetrioal develorment so greatly to be 
 d««lrfld in educational training," 
 
 A 
 
27. 
 
 One other outstanding event so far as ^<;ri culture and household 
 science were concerned in that first year vras the dedlc-tion of the new 
 ■■■.^icultural huildln.r;. While the Interest CF»ntered In a^ricultur-5 we 
 had to put our beat foot forrrard to show our T>art in the ner buildin.-, 
 namely, the north wing over the Dairy. Bythat time we hid a kitchen, an 
 office, a part of a chemistry laboratory, two classrooms and illuntr^^tive 
 material of various kinds. There were many distiniip'ished ^ru-Qsts. '^e were 
 e8p^oially interested in Wisa Alice U. ^Ravenhill, who was sent to the 
 United States by the En,^iBh gov-rnment to study the work of Household 
 Sci^xioe in the United States. Her own work in London had mnde its ap- 
 proach throUf^h hygiene, ^e found her a m^st interestin;; and stimulating 
 
 / 
 woman and afterward we read with admiration the report of her visit to 
 
 the United States, because of her under standin/; of the movement as a 
 
 whole. ^ 
 
 — 1 
 President Draper had said to me, "I don't core very much about yoa r 
 
 running around the coxmtiT' for the farmers' Institutes. I doubt if you 
 have the time to give to them, but I do feel that you oujvht to /^o the state 
 meetin B like the Federation of Women's ^lubs anr] the educational meeting 
 at Sprin;f ield," So for ten years I went regularly to represent the Unl- 
 vareity at the meeting; of the Federation of '7omen's Clubs and told them 
 of our plans and our problems. In its early days I wasn't particularly en- 
 thusiastic over the women tinisteea. They seemed to me not to understand 
 what we .vere trying to do nor to bs very much interested in it, ^uring 
 the first semester litLos Cornelia Simon had been added to the staff and 
 word had reached us that the trusteao were to meet at the University. Migs 
 Simon was much surprised when she said to me, "I suppose the women trustees 
 will come here first." I said, "I doubt it. They usxially ^o th the cattle 
 barns and don't have timo to get h'»re." I do not wish to seem unanpreolative. 
 
2S. 
 
 i' after the first few years the woaan trustees cr.d I spoke the saae 
 iiguflge ajid Mnderstood each other. 
 
 The followlmi: extract from the catalo,'; of I9OI-I902 tells something 
 the irtaa "bflok of tho worlci 
 
 "The Eo-asehold Science Department of the University of Illinois Ji 
 J of the nev7 departments bein^ only a little more than a ye.-ir old. Its 
 iition caaojie^. the departments is somewh'.t VLniirue "because of the correla- 
 )n of its v/ork with the off erin^s of c-ther colle,,eE, The latroduotion 
 a Department of Household Science into our collejres and universities 
 substantial evidence of a change of ideals in education, particularly 
 
 the education of women Social and industrial forces have 
 
 de themselves felt in the curricula of our colleges and universities, 
 e Household Science Department of the University of Illinois may "be 
 id to put the emnhasia upon thre;^ thin.;3: (1) a symmetrical education 
 On a scientific basis. There is no necessity to plead now for the reco,'^ 
 tion of the claims of science. Its contribution to the sum of hxjcian kno^v-' 
 if;B ,-;ive3 it first ranlc amon^ the beneficiaries of mankind. The aocurncy, 
 jiOrou;hne88, and breadth of mental vision which its stuHy justifies are 
 at desirable mental attributes, (2) It emphasizes the benelij.ts of applied 
 ionc-^ for women. This is in a sense a departure from th-^ traditions of 
 jis fathar?, more particularly from th'it of the mothers. (3) "The House- 
 |ild Science Department asks for the recOirjnition of the home in the edu— 
 ttlon of woman, it bein/; the one plnce to which the ener,^ of most of 
 lOm is directed. VTomen are every.vhere members of a household; their 
 i&lth, their comfort, their efficiency of times depends upon a knowledge 
 f household procesnes and the c-clenoe which underlies them." / 
 The following data is summarized from the catalog: 
 
29. 
 1900-1501 ' 
 
 Miss Beviar and Miss Simon 
 Couraesj • ■ ■ • , • • 
 
 1, Soloctlon and proparatlon of food, 
 « 
 
 2, Home sanitation 
 
 3« Slementary home decoration ■ 
 
 U, Chemistry and n-utrition of food 
 
 5. Dietetioa • , . 
 
 1901-1902 
 Miss Bentty and Miss Bevler ,; ■ . 
 
 Courses , , ■ 
 
 (^ 1, Selection and preparation of food / 
 
 \2- 2. Home architactiore and sanitation 
 
 ■Qy''.}, Elementary home decoration •.. . ••■'':':■;,!•::■'' -i 
 
 (2. U, Chemistry of food and nutrition /. 
 C 5» Dietetics and househo''d mana^jement . . : 
 f ^ 6, Economio uses of food 
 / 1/ 7» Textl'68 . ...... . 
 
 {k '^ 3, Personal and public hy/^iene 4 . 
 
 O, v/ 9. Seminar ' ■ 
 
 The same courses were offered in I902-O3 and in I903-OU, In 190^5 
 there were ten courses and two graduate courses, • . '\ ; 
 
 ■ ■ . .. ■■" \ 
 
 The enrollment T6'.&ax .... 
 
 /'^^- First year - 20 " , , . ' ' ' \ 
 
 •^''Second year - 40 
 ^^-^J'i'hird year - 60 • , \ 
 
 V 
 
 • . t 
 
 ^^-^J pQ^tl^ yg^ - go ■ • V^ 
 
 1903 is most i portant because in that year the LotTislature passed \ 
 the bill appropriating $30,000 for a ^^^ ^,^^,^ building. Ifach credit for -,^ 
 
 • V 
 
30. 
 
 Lb is due to the persisterit and wise efforts of Senator and llrs. Dunlap. 
 Tlia first clasa was graduitod in 1903--Miss Ellen Huntington, Miss 
 bel TTelcon, and Lliso Ruth A. ^ardall. Th.it was ronlly a ^aat event and 
 l^as a p-^rson than President Van Klse of T7ioconain cana to see the de- 
 rtment and asked particularly that he mi^tht seo what manner of wonan were 
 nlors. In IJOU^ there were four graduates, and in 1905, 5» 
 
 I90U is iraportant because it narked our attempt to find an answer 
 numerous questions on househoM processes and products throuch i^raduate 
 udy. 
 
 I have given in considerable detail the vrork of the openin-; years 
 I order to ,-ive a better understandln,^ of the status of Household Science 
 I a •oniversity. There were no precedents to follow, many rocks to be 
 roided, many people to be pleased, but thx^oii-ih it all I had the support 
 f those in authority and much satisfaction in developin.';; a new work. It 
 18 a cause of real re,;ret to me when President Draper left, to take up hia 
 )rk as CoHEiissionsr of Education in Hew York State. Ha had been such a 
 >wer of strength to me, considerate and helpful in many unexpected ways, 
 ) appreciative of the difficulties and of my efforts, 
 
 ' Tho fTOwth in number of studer.tF. of ^cTriculture and Household Sci- 
 ice roaco noceGS-iry a ch£ui<^e of location for the Houcehold Science Deparb- 
 jnt. T?i0 north win.^^ of the beautiful new V/onan's IJuildinj? was its next 
 )me. The appropriation of $S0,000 had been increased by $15,000 and on 
 inU'jy 25, I90U the plans of UcKim, Meade and V.hite of Kaw York were pre- 
 Bntod and adopted. Tho plan was U-shapod, 19^ foot S inches, by 83 feet 
 inches, the central section bein^j planned as a v/onian's gymnasium, the 
 Orth win," for the Household Science Department, and the south win.'; as 
 Ocial headquarters for women, 
 
 / 
 
31. . • • • 
 
 On Octobor iS, I905 the dedicatory oervice t6ok place in the arn>- 
 naslvm of the new bvdldinf:^ as one of the foatxireo of the inBtallation of 
 President Edimmd Janes Jajnes. The prinoipal spankers were Ppe??i4ant Janes 
 and President Lilian ff. Johnson of the 'Western Colle,;e for TTomen in Oaford, 
 Ohio, The first classes were held in the new TToniaji'g Building on November 7» 
 1905. The additional space provided opportunity for nuch "better working 
 conditions, called for new eqnipraent, also provided opaca for the .■School 
 for Housekaepera heldeacl? Jaimary which had ffro\7n in numbers from 3O to 1 75« 
 jEaoh succeedin.'j year saw additions to the student body as well as to tha 
 staff, riie dfeji'iud for speakers n.t the Farmers' Institute increased, A 
 syllabus was aide for the hi.^h schools. A wono-n was added to the staff to 
 help the^-a, and special thou^t was ,^iV6n to pi-ovide for teachsrs in the 
 suioiaer work, Empliasis was put upon the davelopnent of the art side of tha 
 work as told in the followin^q statement issued at that times 
 
 "Perhaps our most noteworthy advance has been alon,5 applied arts. 
 Those who have investi|!jat'^d the subjects of textiles and domestic art in 
 our colle-^as and. universities realize what a hetero,.°;eneous collection is 
 included under thattible. Ifuch of it» jud'jad by ec!ucationnl, economic, 
 and esthetic standards, is of little value. Everyone reco.^nizes the de- 
 sirability of an educated woman bein^; an intelli/jent consumer of commodi- 
 ties that form so l-.rgo a part of her own possessions or are so important 
 a factor in house furnishings. It has b^en a work of lauch time and patiaice 
 to select fro^i the data offered those elements which ou.^ht to form a -oart of 
 the university courses in textiles tOr'eth'^r with ahose processes of applied 
 art which most directly concern the wom/in in the home. Miss ^Ibbs has given 
 hours to this problem with skill and the results of her efforts, as shomil ia 
 o\ir new course in Household Art seem to me most worthy of commendation. In 
 
32. 
 
 this connection I would like to say that whatever may be done to Btren.gtlan 
 the viniveroity of f orin :3 alon/; the line of art ajid design will "be of ^-re.nt 
 benfli'lt to the vrorlc of thu Dopfirtraont of Household Science. " • • 
 
 I had dreaded the chanfje of presidency; Presi<ient Draper and I hdd 
 onderatood each other from the first -m& I had al-.vays foimd it easy to talk 
 over ny -ilans vdth him. A rumor obtained on the campus that President James 
 bad the OarLian conception of woman's place and ~;ork and was not in sympathy 
 with women in University pursuits. I felt that that attitude would malce 
 it difficult for me especial'' y in the development of new polioles. I was 
 obli.'^ed to consult with the president frequently. Howevdr, ha seemed bus- 
 iness lilce and cw^jree'^ble and my feelin.-;3 wer^ relieved. My testin^j tir.ie 
 come very unexpectedly. I had gone over to see President James on a rather , 
 ialnor matter. In the midst of our conversation he_ turned to me and uaid in 
 his quick, abrupt way, "Now, Kiss Bevier, you know your i^roup is not made 
 ap of colle/;e students. Oh, you may have a feviT, b\it moot of them are specials 
 and irregulars." To have this said to ma after I had really battle^j^^or tvn ^ 
 jrears to have chemistry aa a requirement for arltninGion to our work and»had \ 
 Jf fended some of those in hi^h places, was too ntnoh to stand. I answered 
 (juickly and v/ith considerable feelin.^, "President James, you are mistaken, 
 [hir /j^'oufi ic made up of colle^je students. XIb have very few specials, I 
 JOnH .jive you the fi^;ures now, b\jt I can sond thsm to your office r/ithin 
 m hoiir," fAll ri^ht, (y^ them over here," was the reTr>ly and I hxirriod 
 mak to my office. The data was collected hastily and to my Joy our pro- 
 portion of special stud 'nts was leas than that £:ivQn by the Pe.'jiotrar for • ■. 
 the University as a whole, I sent the data and called attention to that - 
 fact. Later yhen the difficulty arose with the farmers' Institute ;<roup, \ 
 ^resident Jara'iS daid, "I had felt from the first time that I knew of two -^ 
 Jtandards for entrance, that it would mean trouble,") 
 
HOMt ECONOMICS mmi 
 33. 
 
 I caina to have .-jreat adrdration for President Janes personally and 
 r.-mn-r of doing thlnc;s. Ke ^vaG sonstinas alinipt, out you could "bs too. ; 
 
 would listen to you recpoctfully and tell you what ha thou.-ht of tha : 
 
 oaduro. fi^ wan oo inip^roortAl . Tlis subjoat oi' dloQuoalon wao either 
 
 or against tha .-ood of the university and stood or fell by that stan- 
 d. But you had your chance. If you could giva a /rood re.-ison for your 
 uest, and there was money available, it was ^-ranted. If you had not _ 
 
 u-ht it throu,;h cirefully it were v/isar to stay away until you hnd. In 
 ' casD the chapter was closed and no diaat'yeeahle han^-over -because of . j 
 lifference of opinion. There you could do an inraense amount of business j 
 
 five ninuteo if you were ready to answer his question, "V/lrnt is on your j 
 
 id raid heart today?" 1-2-3. and then tha end, "AH ri.-ht, go ahead," and 
 
 i 
 
 sent you out of his office with new courage, / 
 
 In I9O8 two new ventures were undertrdcen. So many questions wer^ be- j 
 
 ■ i 
 Z asked in the class rooms -and over the state about the daily processes 
 
 la products of the home that the necessity for research work had lon^ been 
 
 Ident. '^G Depai-tment was fortxmate in securing the service of Miss Nellie .. 
 
 Goldthwaite, A.M., Ph.D., -^ho had been for several years head of the De- ,. 
 jrtment of Chemistry at Mt. Holyoke Collesa and later -as research assist- 
 t in x,-ae Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Incidentall^r it may ' 
 
 added tV^t Miss Goldthraite was the first woman secured by the new Do- 
 Irtmout of Home Economics for rese-xrch work alone. She did two outstanding 
 acos of work; nconely, finding out the answer to the question, what nuikes 
 lly jell, which answer had been carefully ^TOardod by commercial workers. 
 ie also foujid the ar.swar to many questions re^ardln^ bread, as wall as ■ ' 
 Wing char.-:e of the /;raduate students. 
 
 The second venture was tha sec-arin,- of a house for an e^nieriment 
 ;ation. This house at the corner of ^Vri,;ht and Drniiels near the V/oizan's j 
 
3^. 
 
 Building provided an vli'usm-'\1 opportur.ity for workin.- at the problass of 
 a home. It served as a laboratory for most of the classes. The classes in 
 house planninjT, furnishing, and decoration derived the moot benefit baCiUse 
 Chan :es and imnrovementc had to be made by chan/^inj*^ doors and windovrr. , the 
 kitchen nuide li,^ter, and the whole <--aeetion of fxtrnittLre and f-ornishinfja 
 7/a8 studied. JRart of the furniBhin.^a wore boU2;ht in Chica,';©, part V>^aA- 
 /jenerouGly loaned by local dealern. 
 
 In addition the houce served as a laboratory for the com:ainity; 
 as many as SO visitors in one day c.^me to see not only the furniture and . 
 furnishin-s but the new electric equipment. Wide publicity was ^^iven to it 
 by visitors and reporters from Chica.;o and St. LoiXis, 
 Experime nt al Hoxxse 
 
 "The Pepartnent of Household Science nt the University of Illinois 
 is conducting a aeries of unique e>:pQriments in r/hat is called there the 
 Experimental House. This house contains tea rooms, is on a corner lot very 
 near the Woman's Building in which the Department of Household Science is 
 located. It has been s-^cxirecl v/ith the I'lefi that a house affords a bettor 
 opportunity for some forms of class work in matters pertainin,--^ to the home 
 than does the avera-^e school kitchen or class room. * 
 
 "This house is beinc^ used as a practice plac^j by the different 
 classes of the department. For example, last semester the classes in Home 
 Architecture and Sanitation and Household ^kina-^ement found out what chaji/jes 
 in construction v/ere neodssary to make it meet the roquiromants of a modern 
 house,- so far as sanitation was concerned. They also determined what chaji.ies 
 in construction- would lessen the caro of it aiid after they had their lec- 
 tures on house plannin?^ they would criticize and rearran.^e its divisions of 
 floor s2Daca. It was thus possible for them to see mistakes in elzos and 
 
35. 
 
 shapes of rocns, the placiic o^ tha fvLrnaca, the position of doors r.nd win- 
 dows, tho divisions of op^.ca. 
 
 "Trro kit^hen^ have to "be aouipr"ad,- One iner.pensiva and the' other 
 v/hat mi >,ht "be temod an eApanr-iva kitchen. Ono kitchen v/all is painted, 
 another covered with Sanitas, One kitchen is to hava a hard pine floor, 
 the olh=:r, linoleiira over tho exlstinc soft pine floor. In the expensive 
 kitchen the sciix-cas of hoat nra eloctrlcity, raa and.firoleos cookisrs; 
 in the ino'jcpensiva one, coal and ,";a3oline, 
 
 '"Phe present kitchan has oona very -undesirahle featnreB in the 
 shape of a corner cupboard fJJid a sink so ne^vr the ranf;e that the usefulness 
 of "both io greatly inrpairod. Iha ran.-;e is to os lifted up and the un- 
 desirable corner left Just as it ia until "by actu^al experience the c^irlo 
 realise the difficulties, then they ars expected to provide plj-ns for the 
 removal of thene dif ficiiltief?. The room was diirk and had a dull grav paint 
 on it. It has boen made much li.'^htor and more attractive by its color schene 
 bein^ ch;in :ed to a lii^ht yel'ow» ^1^ the floors at present v/ith the ex- 
 caption of the kitchen are soft pine, so the cl.-.SQ will hava eplendic op- 
 portunity to find out v.hat can "b^ done to malce stich floors attractive. 
 
 "Later in the y-^^ar the class In House '"urnishin^ vtIII fuJnish four 
 bed rooms 7/ith different priced furniture, so that they nay form soma idea 
 how to expend sums bet\7een $50 ^^^ $?00 wis sly in a bed room. They will 
 also furnish a iwin/jroom in two different styles for practically the same 
 money, lllur.trative respectively of good and bad taste in furnishinrT. In 
 their re.'^^ular work the class in Home Decoration fxirnlsheo four rooms, a 
 kitchen, a Oininr. room, llvin^'^ room and bod rooms. They ninka tho color 
 schemes for these rooms ruid actually select the particular pieces of fxu*- 
 nituro rhich are to go in then. This affords an opportujiity for the stu- 
 dent of . proportionate expenditure of m-ney. For example, if $500 are to 
 
3S; 
 
 "be expended in house furniGhino, whera ia the lar^sst part of it lilcoly 
 to CO ^"iti Is 1. that a v/iso expenditure? 
 
 "L-i connection with the work in dietetics neals are always pre- 
 pared havir.;'^ different cost, different food values and ad^.pted to the sick 
 and the r/all. §one of thip work wil"" be cone ir. the house, 
 
 "Graduate students can make dietary studies there if they desire. 
 In connection with the work fjiven in the home core of the sick, a subject 
 to which the department has ^•^iven opeolal attention for tv/o yearc, one of 
 the bed rooms of the house will be m^de to illutrate what a sick room 
 should be 'Jn regard to furnishing and f-ornituro. A trained nurse will 
 instruct the class in methods of handling the patient in the bed, chang- 
 ing bed linen, . iving various kinds of baths, i.v>lcing of poultices, com- 
 presses, etc. The experiment is a new one, but these fe;? exBrn^les suf- 
 fice to indicate something of the possibilities that such a house affords 
 to a department. It seema to those most interested to constitute one of 
 the most valuable parts of the equipment as well as to provide data con- 
 cerning almost every phase of household administration." 
 
 In 1910 I was granted a much needed leave of absence. I spent part 
 of the ronth of September in Boston ojid visited various kinds of schools. Gi 
 October 1 thro"u.:h the courtesy and generosity of Professor Chittenoen and 
 Doctor ?f;6ndel of Yale I came to Dr. Mendel's laboratory where for two months 
 I had tne privilege of -sorking and of seeing this great teacher at work. 
 Then I moved on to Hew York City with Columbia University as my immediate 
 goal. Here again I was given opi^ortunity to visit their classes, see their 
 work, go on numerous exoxirsions from Campbell's Soup Plant to Tiffany's Glaas 
 TTorko. It was a real privilege. 
 
37. 
 
 Moreover I had the ^eat pleustira of renewing «*</ acqtiaintance v/itn 
 Doctor Kenry C. Sharman. -VTg had been fallcv-lrj^orers in Profescor At-.7fJ.ter*s 
 laboratory anrt sines those daya I have hnvo ooiuitsfl. hlin as one of th's moot 
 helnful of ny friendo as v/ell as an inspiring teacher, and one of the 
 leaders in the v,-ork of nutrition. • ' 
 
 L.ntRr I vioited achools in the South, notohly Miss Barry's at T^ome, 
 Georgia, in Pitts'btir,'^, in, Ohio, and various parts of the Middle West. I 
 improved iii,y op-oort\mity to collect ideas in r-rgard to education. 
 
 Meanwhile the oc^o-old conflict hetv/een the cookino; and sewing school 
 adherents and thoce who believed in the =;cientific method of aprroi-^h to the 
 teachin." of Household Science had gcno on^^the Panners' Institute circle, 
 
 liy insistence on University standardr. for entrance h^d not found fa-- 
 vor In all quarters, particularly since the boyn were admitted to the Col- 
 lege of A,', -ri culture on easier terms. It was no confort to the dissenters 
 that a representative of the Carne,'?;ie Foundation rated the Department of 
 Household Science as the only one of the College rank in the Collot-^e of 
 Agriculture, 
 
 This opposition foujid expression in a resolution by the Household 
 Sciencd Department of the Farmers' Institute voicing ita disapproval of the 
 Departr.Gnt , Possibly if I h-id not boen so bur.y dovelopinv^ the depjirtment, 
 speaking at Farmers' Institutes, \vriting texts for use in the department. 
 and had had the patience and had taken the tine to seek the favor of those 
 women, the breach mi,ijht have been avoided. 
 
 The final straw was my refusal to accept the proposition to v.-ork 
 for an apriropriation which the insurgents felt certain could bo secured 
 if I would •"■Tee to an advisory committee of their number to work with me 
 for the depp.rtment. I already had as advisers the deans of the three colleg-js 
 
y 
 
 3S. 
 
 In which the department ^ave courses 'Uid ths Presiclent of the University. 
 Since thoso woman arid I had never spoken tha sajue lan,^2,se and held such 
 oppOGito idaas ^oout the te-iChin^ of Household Scier-cs I could not expect 
 help from cuoh n. cc::i.:ii ttsa . I was Tr-z-x-nad by Daaii Davenporl; if I rtifuaed 
 this ofx-er 1 rr.uct do it at ny 0T7n risk. I said, "I tnke the risk." Deaa 
 Davenport honeatly folt that the ^-ood of the department would be S'jrved 
 by ay ro3i>,iiation and. UTf-ed me to rosii^n, 
 
 yortvmately for all concerned I ~as in Col-otnbia as an observer when 
 the letter caiue. At th-t distance I could have a batter perspective aiid 
 not trouble my friends at the University. President James ni\& Dean Kin- 
 ley -w-jre moot considerate r-nd helpfu\ but after all the decision as to my 
 retUTii rested with me, I v/as assured by them that the way was open for me 
 to return if I wished to do so. After much consideration I decided to ask 
 advice from my igood friend' former President Di~.aper» I Imev; ho tmderstood 
 the situation. I had faith in his jud:?aent and it was a real comfort 
 to have the counsel of so wise a friend. 
 
 President Draper investigated and found out tlmt the opposition 
 was all outside of the University, Ke said to ne, "If you leave nov; you 
 can spend the rest of your life telling why you left the University of 
 Illinois. Go back arid tend atriotiy to your own business and I thiiik 
 you will be su-ported." 
 
 So in July I returned. President James c-ad Dean Kinloy, then Vice- 
 President aiid Dean of the Graduate School, had throu^-^h it all clv^n me 
 their cordial aaiprjort, arid welcomed me back. In deference to the vsrishes 
 of the op-.csition in my cbsence the oAperiraental house had been r^iven up. 
 
 I Tvaa TA-armly welcomed by my co'' leases a;id by ny staff and in the snrin-: of \ 
 
 \ 
 1911 the assembly granted our request for an addition to our '7oman's l>iil- \ 
 
 din^, in ord^r that we mi^'ht more adequately sei-ve the needs of the aver '■ 
 
39. 
 
 incroasin.-- nvjnber of woaon. I may add that later i)9an Davenport cama 
 and said, "Yo-a wor's rlr^hz and I vras v/ron^;. " "I f^rrsatly ovarestlnatod th© 
 ' str^n^jth of the opposition. So thero 7/ar, rentoroci the old workin^j re- 
 lations find the friendGhlr> of many yecarz ctren^^thonad. 
 V Tima went qtiickly, tha enrollment of the University /prew rapidly, 
 ' Wo had hardly adjusted oui'selves to the ne;v '.7onan's Buildin/;, it neomed, 
 
 ■^jefore we diocovored it wan too snail and plonr. for enlar^-;ing it were 
 ■ considered. Some of ns were very loath to see oiir heatitiftil colonial archi- 
 tect'ure a^-)OilBd, nach as rro wished the space for development, "'e were fearful 
 that the state architect would not "be careful ahout architectural hamony, 
 I renejober r.o distinctly a conference with President James in which I cb- ■' 
 Jected to the pillars at the front ontrrjice. "For hoaveno' salco, don't call 
 them -nillars," said President Janes. "The state architer.t nearly had a fit 
 with the trustees callin.^ them pillars," "TThat are they," I ar.ked. "l^ylons. " 
 "Never anythin;: "better named," I s'^id. "The whole addition is a '-nils on.'" 
 
 By dint of much labor and thou^htof Super\'ising Architect James U, 
 '.Thite,- an addition 200 feet in len.'^th and ^iO foot in width ■sras made to the 
 front of the building. The catalog;. spokn of the now addition^as three 
 stories hii-'h "in a free modern colonial Ptyl'e- vdth an ad-'itional two-story 
 colonnade between the main entrances," and pylons were for.'^otten. 
 
 The main divisions of work in the new build! n/r as a "'hoi'? were main- 
 tained. HouKehold Science etill kept the north win^^;, "r>hyalcal ''tducatlon 
 the CTnt»r, the office of the Pea;i of ''omon and the rest roorr.g for studf^nts, 
 the Up-por Parlors for social evontr. v/ero in tha South v/ln'^. For Kourehold 
 Science in the basement a nev/ kitchen and dinia. : rocsi were added and on the 
 second floor a diet kitchen and a room for sleotrical equipment. T'reoo 
 wore aji enlar'-jemont of what already existed. Thit the ,--reat .^ain for Hou8e"fV> 
 hold Soience cojse in two outat&ndinij nev^ -^",dertald.r.{rs: n^jnely a cafeteria 
 
and a practice apartnant. The fornsr provided op--ort"uriity for trainin.- in 
 . inotitutional work with food, v/hile the practic-; apartment was an Qvolution 
 of the fo^'mer ■Experimental HoMse, ?he cafeteria served the colluce comnninity 
 and sat ataridnrdo la £e>o<i, t/hllo in th-* .apartmant tha Indivimial stvident 
 inveKti(f^atari Gomo of the problems of. the home while servin,"^ as cook for a 
 /^ro"ap of six and next v/eek had another phase of home problems ao her 
 ehare of the divicion of labor. 
 
 The informal opening' of the new addition on April 25, I913 was acoom- 
 plished by means of a luncheon for msmbers of the University Senate served - 
 in the n^w cnfeteri-!., For ftirthar development of the new buildinir; see the 
 accom-ianyln,>: atatemont. 
 The ?Iev.' Buildi ng - from the Xlli"ois A .^r^caltiirint 
 
 "The accompanying cut shows the nort and east sides of the present 
 i;7oman'B Building at the University of Illinois. The original bulldln,- was 
 opened in 1905; the new addition was made in I912. In the original plan, 
 three m.ain lines of work were represented, viz., Home Economics in the north 
 wini;; the woman's Jjyronasium in the central part; the rooms for rest, recrea- 
 tion, and the social activities of the young woman were in the south wing. 
 In general, the present building has the sane arran-'jement, except that the 
 Household Science Department has increased its equipment by the large din- 
 ing room which occupies the front of the building on the floor, 
 
 "Tills room is 75 feet long and 25 feet wide, and has been eouipped as 
 a cafeteria, '^e color scheme is terra cotta for v/alls (uid mahogany for \ 
 chairs, tables, and doors. In connection with this are adequate service 
 and stora-e rooms, and a well-equipped institutional kitchen. 
 
 « 
 
 -•-^ "There is a growing recognition of the need of studying the art of 
 right living, both for the individual and for the community, and some sli^t 
 appreciation of the fact that muoh of the misery of the world is due to food. 
 
"badly cooked and unattractively served . I^ost institutions of learnin,'; are 
 ceakint^ to provido not only academic trainin;;, Imt also healthful livin/j: coa- 
 ditlonc for thoir otudantc . It lo ho-iorl th-»t fchic new ot\fotQrla ms.y do itc 
 Bh-ore in halpln/: on this coo<i work, and, at the r.-xne time, serve as a labora- 
 tory for thoGS saekinrc inotinction in lunch-roon mana-eement and the preparad on 
 of food in lar-e quantities. F.-tch year the call is stroncer for the trained 
 7/oman vjho c;iji holt) to solve some of the problems of institutional mann/^enent 
 and couimmlty Ufa. 
 
 "];ear to the institutional kitchen are the diet kitchen and the clasa 
 rpom \7here, hy ler-ture -and practico, the princi-oles of rational diet are 
 tau'^ht and a foundation laid for the r:ork of tho practical dietitian, vyhich 
 is supplemeatGd later by actual practice iu the local hospital. Just beyond 
 those is the electric kitchen, where the c^tudont has an op^ortimity to be- 
 coma faoi'iar with this expensive but r.\ost attractive form of fuel, 
 
 "0/i the third floor, one finds more adequate provision than has hith- 
 erto been -possible, for the study of sona of tho '.iroblams of the home. The 
 care of the sick in tho hone is a anbject of no siiiall Iniportance. The ser- 
 vices of a trained nurse are frequently irrpossible to the country dweller, 
 and often a luxury not to be aiTorded in either town or co\intry. tloreover, 
 a little knowladj^e of emen^encios and of tha principles of nurslnr^ oft?jn 
 nako the presence of a nurse unnecessary. If the woman in the home -andarstando 
 tho proper euro of wounds, cases of blood poisonin.^ may be prevented. Pro- 
 visinn for instruction and practice in tho c;ire of tho patient v/ith the ap- 
 pliances that h.-^VQ been found worth while in actual practice, rire to be 
 inotal'od in a room devoted to tho princ?plac and practices of the horae care 
 of. the sick. In these dayi when tho interest in pi.Vbllo health is so kf^an, 
 tha Dopartment en contribute soma trninlm-: of its students alon,-^ thin line 
 and BO help bo batter living conditions. Ko on? can estimate how much harm 
 
U2. 
 
 ia done 'by those individuals rho are ignorant of the sinr.ilest laws of pub- 
 lic health Eind v.ho, for that reason, aro a real nenr.ce to the health of the 
 whole conr.Tujiity, 
 
 "In oojiti>aBt v/lth tho ortreterltv en cht- aacono. xloor, wnich Rtan^ls in 
 a certain sonso for the ctudy of the problems of coimrrui-dty life, one firds ca 
 the third floor an apartment desi-2:ned to i^ive individual practice in the prob- 
 lems of the hojjo. A school kitchen and a home kitchen are of necessity very 
 different places if either is a i^ood type in its own field of work. The 
 two have certain principles in conmon 7/hich maj' "be il"'U3trated by quite dif- 
 ferent pr.ictice bocauaa conditions are oo different, 
 
 "I'his fivs-rooa apartment is dasi-^ned to sy.ve as a laboratory for the 
 study of the problems of tha household along liiany different lines. Its plan 
 and equipment, its color schemaa, furniture and furnishings, ss^ve as con- 
 crete illustrations of art and oconoraics applisd to this partic-olarpliica. 
 Lloreover, it con serve as a place for tha practics of the principles of heme 
 raana^'^araent to students. who wish to specialize alonji these lines, 
 
 "Hone of the rooms are large, but they are the -usual rooms to be 
 found in a smal apartment. The pl^ce is not desi.cned as a show placo, 
 as a 'model flat,' for the instruction of the .-general public in c';ood housa- 
 koepin,^-, but rather as a place where, under scne of the limitations of a 
 modern apartmont, students can find and e7:oE;:lify according to their ability, 
 the problems connected rdth the cost of fooo and crxra of the honao. 
 
 "■/liilo provloion is thus made for the newer occupations of \rQa>v.-i, <;uGh 
 ac the dietitian, the majiiger of the lunch room, and the social v/orkor, bet- 
 ter facilities are thus afforded for tho student r/ho wishes to study tha prob- 
 lams of tho school or of the home. The apartmo:it of course provides an ex- 
 cel lont laboratory for the studies of the activities of the homo. 
 
HJ. 
 
 »S0 «oh tos teen said thus far .l>out the extensions ar.d ^- 
 iitlons on the scientific and economic sld.s that one .i.ht receiv, the i=- , 
 p,es;ion that the ^t sia, ha. h.en neglected. That i^ression is chan^eo ^ 
 .s one „ali-.s throv,^ the ne« ..!.-«. >- — '- '" '""=' """' °" 
 the second floor, equipped for se,in. ^d oo,t.»e de.i,^ and we.-.vin,. and 
 tho spacious Xe^orator, of ap Ued science .-here provision is »ade for the 
 .t.d. of th. ch»istr. of textiles as well as the prohlens of nutrition. 
 
 ..^e nowhuildin.. therefore, spel.s enlargement of the resources 
 ,, the department, not only alon, the old and accepted lines of ,or.. .ut 
 also includes the distinct addition of s..e of the newer phases of th. 
 
 world's wor.:." 
 i ae work of the department se.™,d to u- al™ys a s,ri,s of new 
 
 ^ Uhderta^incs and for th.t reason interesting, with a change of location 
 
 every five years with all the attendar.t conse.ue:,ces for improvement. 
 
 ».ile the front was hein. added to the Wo^-s ^Idin... it was my daily . 
 
 ■ practice to loo. over the huildin, to prevent some wron, move hy plumpers, 
 carpenters, or painters. One day when there had hoen no moment when I 
 
 * ,cne over the huildin.,. hut I will let it .0 now until mornin.. and he.in 
 
 ■ ,ith that wane.. lm..ine ^ distt.y in findin. nine doors finished in the 
 .ron. color, .he supervising arohitecfs office, the painter, th, com- 
 .ittee on color had to ho called ^d some ,ulc,t »r,. done. 
 
 ^aln it had telcen a eood deal of pressure on my part to got the 
 
 ^ n-- tVi., third floor waste space. Preslcant 
 prActico apartnent mde out o. the third 
 
 1. 4 i. u tipviv won't I." 1 said, 
 Ja.es oaid. "You .on't like it when you .et xt. ^y 
 
 OT have to -be in the cornice and the whole space 
 .'Because the windowa will have to be 
 
 ^ « « I said "There is much more space in it than some 
 is a queer shape." i sai'^i 
 
 t 
 
 ...S. 
 
Chicago fa.idlios livo in. I think it is the businecs of the architect to 
 I2a;:3 a livable apartraont out of that rmch space." i\nd wa were all rather 
 pPSUd or tllQ atti*o,obiva S-rooM tvnd brkth tKafc vTn.q mnt^a a,r\A atiidpR to this 
 day in active use. i.!oroov3r, and still more 3trfjv?;e, sone of the furnish- 
 ings of the Zxijarlmsntal House, bought In I9OS are in use in the practice 
 apartme;\t in 193^» Jiiat as all soenod to be .~oinr7 well with the apartment, 
 a call carao from the President's office, ^en I arrived, President James 
 said, "You can't have that pantry up there with all those wooden shelves. 
 This is s\i-OT>osed to be a fireproof buildiuj';." I said, "There are a good 
 many placeo that will burn before fire reaches to the third floor." So 
 ai though everybody really wished to be hclpf-a'' , it was not easy to molce 
 plans and to v/atch over carpenters, plimb^rs, and painters. I learned to 
 count it as part of the day's work but in the be/Yinnlng it disturbed ma a 
 great deal and I said once to Mrs, Kichards, "If only we could get a few 
 things fixed and have therr. stay fixed." Mrs. -ichards reply I have many 
 times rocallod, "Jiy child, the things that are fixed are dead," 
 
 Along T/ith this newness .want always my effort to unify the teach- 
 ing to keen the balance among the varying demands, not to put too much em- 
 phasis upon tho chemistry of food and forget to teach how to prepare really 
 good food, to remember the snail "boy'ij definition of nutritious food as 
 "sorae thing that doesn t cost much and has no taste." The development of 
 the ai*t side must be lodced after and the gi'ov/ing tendency for a better 
 understajiding of the econorolo phasds. 77e found it very difficult to find 
 a woman trained in economics who knew home economics and cotild relate the 
 two fields properly. Emphasis was being placed upon home and fa-nily life and 
 the rights of the children by the formation of the government's Children's 
 Buroaa, Hie question of a child in the practice house had to be considered. 
 
A step that touched Household Science rjsst closely was the ps-ssaga 
 of the Sraith-Lever Act in I9IU.J The haphazard, politically doninated work . 
 of the iTarnsro' Institute, v;all intentioned but ujie ducat ional, miScTuided • 
 efforts wero to "bo chansed into educational non-political organlzatlono, and 
 worked at by nen and v/oraen trained in oducational nmthods,| Kot that the 
 farmers' Institute laast bo done away vrith but the governmont organization -. 
 undertook most of its vrork and on a very different basis. I havo no intention 
 of disoredltins tho v;ork done by nan and woiaan in Illinois under the Farmers' 
 Institute organization. They made ready the soil and many of thorn gave ex- 
 cellent service, but in the -very nature of things the movenoat vyas bound to grow 
 into something big/^er and better, z i 
 
 The first effect upon our deprxtment was tho addition of a poraan to " 
 serve aa our extension worker thruout tho state, liiss liamle Bunch, a gradu- 
 ate of ofor dopaxtmont, who had formerly "been co\ui«y superintendent of schools, 
 was chOBOn for this position and did valiant sarvico in the new work, I.'iss 
 Bunoh and I had many conferencaa about the method of orcanization for this 
 new enfceirnrise, T7o had seen how the women had bcon handicapped in their efforts 
 for leadership as a department of the rarmars' Institute. Little opportunity 
 was given for them to take tho initiative, Cho most of the plana wero made and 
 executed by tho men. In those days women wore vorjr timid, afraid of the sound 
 of their O'.m voice in a public audience. They could \Tith difficulty second 
 a motion, to say nothing of the foar and labor of jjutting one. Hiss Bunch 
 and I felt strongly that a special organization "manned" by women and managed 
 by them might move more slowly but it would offer much bottor opportunity for 
 women to state their plans and work for thoir TX)men'G meetings, and in so 
 doing develop themselves. We were helped to carry out this decision in a 
 very unexpected way, The women of Xankakeo County vrishod to organlza. They 
 
said very frcmkly they ware not Trilllur': to be a part of -the fara "bureau orca-ii— 
 zation, that 1 was quits innossiola for theu to work with the nan who was then 
 OQunty a,3ant because of his attitude, that while ho pretondod to favor their 
 organization, in reality in secret he was workinc^ against then because he 
 was Jealous of their possible power. 
 
 Then wo were ready to tallj: to Dean Davenport and llr. Eandcchin, who 
 was in direct charsa of the men's work, as I was of tho wonen's, but under 
 Dean Davenport. I have recalled many times tho long conference Dean liinn 
 of Cornell, Ltr. Handschin, Miss Bunch, and 1 had about the organization 
 qfueetion. As a result lliss Eva Bennefield, one of our graduates, began work 
 as home adviser in Kankakee County in the new organisation of women in ,. 
 October IJl^, and so headed for Illinois that long procession of woman hona 
 advisers vmo have wodced so well with such steadfast cotira,-;e and unselfish 
 devotion in the cause of home botteriiiont. It v/as a real satisfaction to 
 mo to have Llr. Handschin say about a year later, "I was not at all certain 
 about your plan of organization, but I have watched it, I an for it." The 
 years have proved that ^le Kankalcee women did well for their kind and tho. 
 Illinois pla.i.is recognized as superior to the form of organization in many 
 Other states, 
 
 I have sometimes wondered whether the resemblance between tho New 
 York and Illinois plans was born out of the conference with Director Ilann, 
 . ' Extension work on the new fo'ondation was only fairly started when 
 another responsibility was added to our department by the passage of tho 
 Smith-Hu^^ieo Act in Pobroary 1917' Smith-Lever had to do with the flold 
 outside, but Smith-Hugheo affected tho work on the inside, particularly in 
 the training of toaohera of vocational agyicultn.i-e. Jor us that moant tho 
 
^7- r«*M=tcpno^^-'-'" 
 
 training of teachers In home economics, 
 
 "The piirposo of this act is to promote vocational education in 
 apiculture, hono economics, trades, and industry, and to provide for the 
 training of teachers in theso subjects. Home Economics education was defined 
 aa that form of vocational education \7hich has for its purpose the preparation 
 of girls and women for useful osrployment as homomakers engaged in the manage- 
 ment of the home." As a result of these two acts Smith-Lever and Smith-Hughes 
 and in order to avoid confusion in terms the xuiaa of our department was 
 changed from that of Household Science to Home Economics, 
 
 Again the Department of Home Economics had to meet another emergency. 
 The war clouds which had darkened the lands across the sea, grew more 
 threatening, The United States pinned tq enter and the call to arms for men 
 "by President "ilson was quickly followed "by a call to the men and women of 
 the country to serve in the first lino of defense at homo. The University 
 aided the work in every way possible. The newly finished residence hall was 
 converted into a barracks for the prospective soliders. It was "buggested 
 that the 'Woman's ]J-ailding might be needed for that service. Because of the 
 importance of food to the soldier and private citizen as well, agriculture 
 and home economics worked together to meet the nation's needs. VIomon trained 
 in home economics demonstrated at home the conservation of food by the use 
 of cabstitutes, while in the hospitals abroad thoy worked against fearful oddo 
 to givo food to the soldiers. At least three of our staff v/ant abroad. Jiiss 
 Ada Hunt and Lliss llary do Garmo as dieticians and Miss Famy Brooks as nurse, 
 vrhiile many of our girlo served in the base hospitals on this side. The Pood 
 Administrator called womon into service from Washington to the remotest countiy 
 
hanlots. In connon with cost of the heads of departpianto of hono oconomics 
 In state linivorsities I was nado chairir£,n of the conservation of food in 
 tho Oovmcil of National Eofenso in the ^cr.ue of J?f.llnoic and In addition I 
 Borved in tho offico of the food adnlnistratcr in V^aehin^ton for tho months 
 
 of Novenibor and Beceniber, 19 17* 
 
 Lleanwhile tho new ortension service tliro-Ut^out tho state was greatly 
 Inoroased "by workora called in to dononstrate thruout the ctato hot? to cava 
 wheat and naata. She Eome Economics Dopartnent offored in connection with 
 the AniEul E-asbandry Bspartnent a course on the selection and preparation of 
 cute of naat, A hoao nursing course in cha.ri'^e of a regula:r trained nurse 
 was another of the offerings of tlio departmont. Conservation leaflets on ways 
 to serve wheat -"-nd meat "by the use of substitutes wer© written "by mem"bers of 
 the department, The departmonts of home economics in Mil likin, Chicago, and 
 
 tho University of Illinois cooperated in a great food show In the Coliseum in 
 Chicago. Eomo economists the country over mat this ©mergency well and proved 
 that thoy had a loiowledge of food and could and did render a real servico,. 
 
 3y the end of the war home economics hiid earned a growing respect 
 }■ from tho pu'blio, Tho Home Economics Department was also a center for 
 
 activities for those noj trained in home economics but anxious to help by 
 knitting, malcing surgical dressinifcs and various other activities, 
 
 \u\en the armistice had been signed and the various hone economics 
 workers returned to their work thoy found some inevitable restilts of the war, 
 upon themselves and upon their work, Thoy were very tired but in the exporionc3 
 thoy iiad acquirod a wider vision of the world's needs. Internal progross load 
 stopped in tho department bocauso the workers Imd boon called from classrooms 
 and laboratoria s. Research had boon abandoned for the sama reason, Meonwhilo 
 
^9. 
 an awakening of interest people '.rare r^zLzini^ many cjiiactions aoout food, ITlia 
 war experience had taught tho layman the cIogo relationship ootwaen food and 
 health. CJuestl'^nB or all aorte and jibout r»*ooeoaoa cund pi^od-ooto o:f oovorol 
 kinds cried aloud for roaoarch. Th© National Eosearch Covmcil gavo home 
 econoaics a -olaco in its del it oration 3 and I was crxide a nomber of a sub-conniittoo 
 of the ootmcil on food and nutrition. Another result of the war was the opening 
 of new lines of work for woman trained in hozao economics. Dieticiano were 
 aslced for, not only "by hospitals tut also ty hotols. Tho tanks wanted women 
 trained in home economics to help their clients in a thrift program in which 
 the food could te chosen woll was another feature. 
 
 in 191s another emergency came to the dopartmont, A flu epidemic 
 troke out in the University. One morning I met G. Suff , Head of Physical 
 Education, on the street and ha said to ma, "Miss Beviar, the toys are dyinig 
 like flies." All the hospital resources wero overtaxed. That afternoon I.{r. 
 Huff and Dean T. A. Clark appeared in tho VJoman's Building to aslc that tho T/oman's 
 Gym te used as a hospital for womon. I was somewhat appalled ty this under- 
 teQcing tecause teing such a woll wono-n I had never teen a patient in any 
 hospital Init I said we would do what wa could. All the women fen the University 
 staff responded most generously to the support of theprojeot. By night three 
 patients arrived. Kursea v/ere called to talce care of them from Drjiville 
 tecause the local supply was exhausted. Some of the staff attended to the 
 sterilization of dishes. Soma who formarly had nursing experience offdred 
 their services to care for tho patients. 3'oi-t'unately no one died, altho I 
 never saw such a fight for life as one nurse put xrp with a patient. At ton 
 o'clock I said to the nurse, "That woman is dying. Her face shows it now." 
 "Oh, I know it," tut for four hours that nurse waged hor tattle and at two 
 a.m. Uiss Blaisdall and I oould see a decided cliango, Tho nurse turned to ma 
 
50. 
 
 i4 said, "Vou c:m £0 ^'"'^- ^'° ' 
 telraUon for that niiraa as t. life saver. 
 
 ,, .g.C I .a, very .^^» «- -- »'• ^ -" ^'"^""^ "^ '■°°° 
 CO.0.OS. : foU t^t X .. ..t „a.t to .0 .^ an t.o ,or. of « 
 .. overseoin. a ne„ .^Idi.. and .. t.o ti.3 it ,^s co^letod !..« it 
 , s.oe.or ,.0 »i..t not approve of . pUas. Moreover .rooid.t ..e= . 
 .am -naa failed and .0 »ao .oin.. Bean Pavenport .as approaoHia, t.o re- 
 tiria.a.e. Ufe looked ver. difficK for « aad I »as p..sioaU. ver. 
 ^. ^.stod. It se.ed ,iser for t.e interest of t.e department aa . 
 
 -,,4ov 7 r'in d ainst th.0 protest oi 
 frca r^ ovm vom condition to rosien ^7nich I aia 
 
 ^ o-r T.o-n Deaii Davenport and Dean Kmley 
 many people. At ;;no iuto^" ^ .fv/.-ha 
 
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 PAMPHLET BINDER 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 640B46HI C004 
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE OEPT OF HOME ECONOMI 
 
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