C-^-4 , , Ox2u,Wne OXFORD GUIDE WITH BY G. COOPER Price Four Shillings , PRINTED FOR J. PARKER, *7 *1 & A. * , - * L. .Av*" J r • 04 ly ; - / V ■ A ( . A NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/newcompanionforoOOunse A NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD: OR, GUIDE THROUGH THE UNIVERSITY. WITH A SERIES OF ETCHINGS. See ! Oxford lifts her head sublime, Majestic in the moss of time ; Nor wants there Grecia’s better part, ’Mid the proud piles of ancient art ; Nor decent Doric to dispense New charms ’mid old magnificence ; And here and there soft Corinth weaves Her daedal coronet of leaves ; While, as with rival pride, her tow’rs invade the sky. War ton’s Ode, P OXFORD, PRINTED FOR J. PARKER ; AND F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, LONDON. 1817 . / * i 0 7 r '■ / * * _ f , ; ; ■; ... > . S. Collingwood, Printer, Oxford. U U^> h \ -5 v /=c\e SW * LIST OF PLATES. Frontispiece — View of Oxford. Page Museum, Theatre, and Printing-House - - - 14 Interior of the Theatre - - - 11 Ante Chapel of New College ------ 40 New College Chapel - -- -- -- - 42 Radcliffe Library 10 All Souls’ College - -- -- -- -32 Magdalen College Chapel ------ 20 Part of Christ Church - -- -- --66 Christ Church Hall - -----67 * It is recommended to the Stranger, who has but a short time to spend in Oxford, to observe the arrangement of these Plates, which has been made with a view to direct him in his walk through the University. CONTENTS. Alban Hail - - - Page 74 All Saints Church - - - - 5 All Souls College - - - 31 Astronomical Observatory - - - 18 Balliol College - - - _ 49 Bodleian Library - - - - 6 Botanic or Physic Garden - - - - 19 Brazen-Nose College - - - * 36 Chancellors, Vice-Chancellors, &c. List of - _ _ . 79 Christ Church, Cathedral, and College - - - - 66 Hall - - . 67 — Library, and Collection of Pictures T 70 Clarendon Printing-House - - , - 16 Corpus Christi College ■? - - - 61 Edmund Hall - - . _ 74 Exeter College - - - - 54 General Description of Oxford, and its Environs - . 1 Governors of Colleges and Halls, List of - - - 77 Hertford College - - - - - - - 37 Jesus College ----- - - - 56 Lincoln College - - - - 57 Magdalen College - - _ _ 20 Magdalen Hall - - - . 75 Market ------ - _ _ 4 Merton College - - * - - - . 64 Museum Ashmoleanum - - - - - - 14 New College - - - - - - _ ; 38 New-Inn-Hall - - - - 75 Oriel College t - - _ - - - _ 60 Oxford Terms - - - - 76 Parish Churches - _ 5 Pembroke College - - - - 72 VI CONTENTS. Physic Garden Picture Gallery Pomfret Statues Printing-House Public Schools Queen’s College Radcliffe’s Infirmary Radcliffe’s Library Schools, Public St. Edmund Hall St. John’s College St. Mary’s Church St. Mary Hall Theatre, Sheldonian Town and County Hall Trinity College University College Wadham College Worcester College Page 19 6 8 16 6 26 17 16 6 74 50 5 75 11 4 47 29 45 53 THE NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. Oxford, as we read in our Chronicles, was, even in the British age, consecrated to the Muses. It was called by the Romans Bellositum. When the place was first fortified does not appear ; but the walls, of which some parts are still re- maining, were raised upon former foundations, about the time of the Conquest, by Robert D’Oiley, who erected the Castle at the command of the Conqueror in 107 1 > a work of great strength, and considerable extent, of which one solitary Tower is the only part remaining : the old building being much decayed, on its site, and at the expence of the county, a large and commodious Gaol has lately been erected, which, for strength and convenience, will hardly be surpassed by any in the kingdom. King Henry I. built a Royal Palace on a spot called Beaumont, on the west side of the city, few re- mains of which are now visible, but the site may be traced in some gardens. King Richard I. called Coeur de Lion, was born in this palace. The University of Oxford has many fabulous accounts re- lating to the time of its origin. It most probably was insti- tuted soon after the propagation of Christianity in this king- dom. Alfred is supposed by some to have been its founder ; but others think that he only restored it, in an age of confu- sion and ignorance, and was the father of that establishment and security, which, notwithstanding some temporary shocks and interruptions, it has maintained ever since. The first Col- lege of the University, incorporated by royal charter, was that of Walter de Merton, A. D. 1274; about which time 15,000 9 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. scholars are reported to have been resident here : but in the reign ot Henry III. the University is said to have consisted of double that number. In the city and its environs were several Monasteries, the principal of which were St. Frideswide’s and Oseney Abbey, and the Dominican, Augustine, and Franciscan convents. The bishopric, which was heretofore part of Lincoln diocese, was erected by King Henry VIII. in 1542. The situation is on an eminence, rising gradually from its extremities to the centre. It is encompassed by meadows and corn-fields. The meadows, which are chiefly to the south and west, are about a mile in extent ; beyond which are hiljs of a moderate height, bounding the prospect. The eastern prospect has likewise some hills at a little dis- tance, the valley growing considerably narrower towards the south ; but the north is open to corn-fields and inclosures for a considerable extent, without any hill to intercept the air. It is washed by a number of streams : on the east, by the dif- ferent branches of the Cherwell; on the south and west, by those of the Thames: all which meet, and join a little below the city, forming one beautiful river. The soil is dry, be- ing on a fine gravel, which renders it not less healthful than pleasant. From Botley hill, the second hill in Bagley wood, Head- ington hill, Iflley, and Nuneham, are views of Oxford of un- common variety and beauty, presenting scenery combined of objects of nature and art, such as cannot be paralleled in any part of Great Britain, and have not many rivals on the con- tinent. Before the Colleges were erected, the Students were in- structed in the houses of citizens, or in inns or halls, sup- ported by benefactions from rich persons, or their own patri- mony. The town, including the suburbs, is a mile in length from east to west, and almost as much in breadth from north to south, being three miles in circumference; but it is of an irregular figure; and several airy spaces are comprehended within these limits, besides the many courts and gardens be- longing to the respective Colleges. NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 3 The city, properly so called, formerly surrounded by a wall, with bastions at about 150 feet distance from each other, is of an oblong form, and about two miles in circumference. Magdalen College, with the eastern as well as the northern suburbs, which contain the parishes of Holywell, Magdalen, and St. Giles, with Balliol, Trinity, St. John’s, and Wadham Colleges, are without the old walls ; of which some part re- mains as a boundary to Merton College on the south and east and to New College, beginning near the east end of the High-Street, and continuing almost to the Clarendon Print- ing House, where there was a Portal and a Chapel, called in the old maps, The Ladies’ Chapel, some remains of which are still visible. The principal street of the city runs from east to west, the entire length of the town, but under different names; the High-Street, beginning at Magdalen Bridge, includes at least two-thirds of that length; the remainder is to the end of Castle-Street. The High-Street is perhaps without a rival, being of a spacious width and length, adorned with the fronts of three Colleges, St. Mary’s and All Saints’ Churches, termi- nated at the east end with a view of Magdalen College Tower, and a beautiful Bridge. Every turn of this street presents a new object, and a different view, each of which would make an agreeable picture in perspective; whereas, had it been straight, every object would have been seen at one and the same instant, but more foreshortened than at present. The second street is that which runs from south to north, crossing the street already described. The south side is called Fish-Street, and the other the Corn-Market ; from whence we pass into Magdalen-parish and St. Giles’s, which form a very spacious street, and in some respects is preferable to either of the former, it having the pleasure and advantage of the country, though connected with the town. One end of this street is terminated by St. Giles’s Church, and adorned with the front of St. John’s College. On the east side of Fish-Street (commonly called St. Old’s, by corruption from St. Aldate’s) stands Christ Church Col- lege, the magnificent front whereof is extended to 382 feet in b 2 4 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. length. On the same side is the Town Hale, where the Town and County Sessions, and the Assizes, are held; which was rebuilt at the expence of Thomas Rowney, Esq. late Re- presentative in Parliament, and High Steward of the City. The principal Bridges are, 1. Magdalen-Bridge, built by Mr. Gwynn, over the Cherwell, being 526 feet in length, by which we enter the town from London. 2. High-Bridge, in the western suburb, over the Isis, consisting of three arches. 3. Folly-Bridge, as it is commonly called, in the southern suburb, on the same river, where formerly stood an arched entrance, over which was the celebrated Friar Bacon’s Study ; it consists of three arches, and is, like the rest, entirely built with stone. This is the entrance from Abingdon and various parts of Berkshire. We must not here omit the many elegant and useful im- provements that have taken place, in pursuance of an Act of Parliament obtained in the 11th year of his present Majesty. — The narrow and incommodious passage at East Gate has been opened, which renders this part equal to the magnifi- cence of the High-Street ; and in the year 1779 a new stone Bridge, at this entrance of the town, was erected at the ex- pence of upwards of Eight Thousand Pounds. Agreeably to the same act the North Gate, commonly called the Bocardo, and used for a prison, was taken down in 177 L This prison was memorable for a dungeon, called the Bishops’ Hole, in which Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley were confined in the reign of Mary, previously to their martyrdom before Balliol College. The door of this dungeon was purchased by Mr. Alderman Fletcher, who presented it lately to the com- mittee-room of the New Gaol, where it may now be viewed, with a suitable inscription. In pursuance also of the same act of Parliament, on the north side of the High-Street, between St. Martin’s and AU- Saipts’ Churches, was erected the New General Market, from a plan furnished by Mr. Gwynn, 347 feet long, and 112 wide, equal to any thing of the kind in the kingdom. The city of Oxford, with its suburbs and liberties, consists of fourteen parishes. NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 5. 1. St. Mary’s. 2. All Saints. 3. St. Martin’s, or Carfax. 4. St. Aldate’s, or St. Old’s. 5. St. Ebb’s. 6. St. Peter’s in the Bailey. 7. St. Michael’s. 8. St. Mary Magdalen’s. 9. St. Peter’s in the East. 10. Holywell. 11. St. Giles’s. 12. St. Thomas’s. 13. St. John’s. 14. St. Clement’s. Only three of the Churches belonging to these parishes are worthy of observation, viz. St. Mary's, All Saints, and St* Peter’s in the East. St. Mary’s stands on the north side of the High-Street, and is the Church used by the University on Sundays and Holydays. It is well proportioned, and handsomely built in the Gothic style. The Porch is in a more modern taste ; the benefaction of Dr. Morgan Owen in 1337, and built by Ni- cholas Stone, senior. The Church consists of three ailes, and a large chancel, which is paved with black and white marble. The Vice-Chancellor sits at the west end of the middle aile, on a throne elevated some few steps ; a little be- low which sit the two Proctors ; on either hand the Heads of Houses and Doctors ; below these the young Noblemen ; and in the area, on benches, the Masters of Arts. At the west end also, with a return to the north and south ailes, are gal- leries for the Bachelors and Under- Graduates ; and under the middle ones are seats for the Ladies. The tower and spire, which rises to the perpendicular height of 180 feet, is a noble and beautiful structure, and contains a ring of six large bells. The room on the north side of the chancel, lately repaired in the style of the rest of the Church, is now the Common Law School, where the Vinerian Professor reads his Lectures. The Church of All Saints, situated in the High-Street, is an elegant modern structure, much in the style of many of the new Churches in London. It is beautified, both within and without, with Corinthian pilasters, and finished with an attic story and balustrade. There is no pillar in the Church, though it is 72 feet long, 42 wide, and 50 high. The ceiling, altar, pulpit, &c. are finely executed. The steeple is remark- able in the modern manner. Its architect was Dr. Aldrich, formerly Dean of Christ Church. b 3 o new companion for oxford. "1 lie Church of St. Peter in the East, standing near the High- Street, was partly built by St. Grymbald, about the year 886', and is supposed to be the most ancient structure, not in ruins, in England. It was formerly the University Church; and even at present, with a view of ascertaining their original claim, the University attend their sermons in it every Sunday in the afternoon during Lent. The tower and east end are curious pieces of antiquity. In the year 1760 this church was beautified and new pewed at the expence of the Parish ; and in 1768, by a liberal subscription from the Inhabitants and such Heads of Houses as live in the Parish, the Organ was rebuilt by Messrs. Green and Byfield, of London. PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY. The Public Schools, with one side of the Library on the west, form a square of 105 feet : the principal front on the outside is about 175 feet in length ; in the middle of it is a gate with a magnificent tower. Three sides of the upper story of the Quadrangle are one entire room, called the Pic- ture Gallery, near the middle of which is a Statue in Brass of Philip Earl of Pembroke, by Hubert le Soeur, the Artist who cast the equestrian Statue of Charles I. at Charing-Cross : it is also furnished with the Portraits of most of the Founders of the Colleges, by Sunman, many learned and famous men, by various artists, several large Cabinets of Medals, and some Cases of Books, being intended as a continuation of the Bod- leian Library. Dr. Tanner, Bishop of St. Asaph, gave his valuable Collection of Manuscripts to the University, toge- ther with a sum of money to erect proper cases for them : they are deposited near the entrance into the Gallery ; as are Mr. Willis’s and Mr. Godwyn’s, together with other Collec- tions of Books and Coins. Dr. Butler, formerly President of Magdalen College, and the late Duke of Beaufort, were at the expence of new wains- cotting the Gallery, since which the Pictures have been cleaned and repaired, more advantageously disposed, and their number greatly increased by late Benefactors. The University Library, usually called the Bodleian, NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 7 from Sir Thomas Bodley, its principal Founder, is a large lofty structure, in the form of a Roman H, and is said to contain the greatest number of Books of any Library in Eu- rope (except that of the Vatican), a Catalogue whereof is printed in two folio volumes. The ground, on which the Divinity-School is built, was purchased in the year 1427 ; the building was begun at the expence of the University, and, after some intermission, car- ried on and completed in 1480 by Humphrey Duke of Glou- cester. It is esteemed a most excellent piece of Gothic ar- chitecture, being well proportioned, and finished in high taste, especially its roof. Over the Divinity-School the Duke erected the Library, which he furnished with many choice volumes procured from Italy in the years 1440 and 1443, be- sides considerable additions bequeathed at his death three years after. In the year 1597 Sir Thomas Bodley repaired the old Li- brary of Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, and in 1599 fitted it for the reception of books. An additional eastern gallery was begun by him in the year 1610, and another gallery on the west, projected by him, was erected afterwards. He fur- nished the Library with a numerous collection of books, pro- cured, with much care and expence, from all parts of the world. Sir Thomas Bodley died Jan. 28, 1612, leaving an estate for the maintenance of a Librarian, & c. as well as for the ne- cessary repairs of the Library : he added also a body of Sta- tutes for the regulation of his new institution, which were afterwards confirmed in Convocation. Many large and valuable collections of Greek and Oriental Manuscripts, as well as choice and useful Books, have been added to this Library by later Benefactors ; particularly the Earl of Pembroke, Archbishop Laud, (to whom alone it is in- debted for its inestimable Oriental Manuscripts,) Sir Thomas Roe, Sir Kenelm Digby, General Fairfax, Dr. Marshall, Dr. Barlow, Dr. Rawlinson, Mr. Saint Amand, and Mr. Godwyn : considerable purchases are likewise annually made at the ex- pence of the University. b 4 8 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. The Library and Picture-Gallery are open from nine o’clock till three. The Arundel Marbles, part of the ancient collection of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, are now placed to advan- tage in a large apartment on the north side of the Schools. In the Logic and Moral Philosophy School is the collec- tion of Marbles, Statues, Bustos, &c. which were many years at Easton, the seat of the Earl of Pomfret, and were in 175S presented to the University by the Countess of Pomfret. A CATALOGUE OF THE POMFRET STATUES, BUSTOS, MARBLES, &c. As they stand numbered in 1 A. STATUE of a Grecian Lady, 7 feet high, wants both arms. 2 A ditto of Archimedes, 7 feet 2 high, wants an arm. 3 A ditto of a Roman Emperor, 7 feet high, wants one arm and the nose. — Perhaps modern. 4 A ditto of Minerva, 9 feet high. 5 A ditto of a Roman Emperor, 7 feet high, wants one arm. — Perhaps modern. 6 A ditto of Cicero in the proper ha- bit, 6 feet 9 inches high. — The drapery very masterly. He has the Sudarium in the right , and the Scroll in the left hand. The character of the countenance settled indignation, in -which he seems preparing to speak. 7 A ditto of a Grecian Lady, 7 feet high, wants arms. — The drapery falling over the right leg is finely conducted. 8 A Column from the Temple of Apollo at Delphos , with the capital and base, and an Apollo placed at the top, 24 feet 6 inches high. 9 A statue of Sabina, 6 feet 9 inches high. 10 A Venus de Medicis. 11 A square Roman Altar, 1 foot 2 inches by l fooVi). their present repository. 12 Terminus of Pan, 5 feet 7 inches, wants an arm. 13 A statue of Minerva, 5 feet high, wants an arm and the nose. 14 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 4 inches high. 15 A statue of a Woman, 6 feet high, wants arms and part of the nose. 16 A Venus clothed. 1 7 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 4 inches high. 18 A statue of Clio sitting, 4 feet 6 inches high, wants one arm and hand. 19 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 4 inches high. 20 A statue of a young Dacian, 4 feet 3 inches high. — Perhaps Paris. It is of great antiquity. 21 A Roman Altar, 2 feet 4 inches high. 22 A statue of Antinous, 5 feet 6 inches high, wants a finger of the right hand. 23 A Grecian Lady, 4 feet 8 inches high, wants an arm. 24 A statue of Jupiter and Leda, 3 feet 10 inches high, wants arms. 25 An antique Capital, l foot 6 by 2 feet, wants a corner. 26 A circular Pedestal finely orna- NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 9 merited with heads and festoons of fruit, -3 feet by l foot 3 diame- ter. 27 A statue of Scipio Africanus, or Demosthenes, 7 feet high. — The drapery in a •very bold style: it is probably of some orator ; the right hand being laid on the breast in a persuasive posture. 28 A ditto of a Woman clothed, 3 feet 8 inches, wants the head. 29 A Trunk of a Woman, 2 feet l inch high, 30 A Boy with his Finger in his Mouth, 2 feet 5 high. 31 A statue of Jupiter sitting, 3 feet high, wants a hand. 32 A ditto of a Woman, 3 feet 4 inches high. 33 The Trunk of a Woman, 2 feet l inch high. 34 Germanicus’s Tomb, 7 feet by l foot 8. 35 Two Capitals with Beasts’ Heads, 2 feet 3 inches high. 36 An Egyptian Chair, 2 feet 5 by 1 foot 8. — Belonging to a priest of Isis and Osiris. 37 A Stone carved with a Claw at the end, 2 feet 7 by 2 feet 6. 38 A statue of a Roman Consul, 7 feet high, wants one hand, and the fingers of the other. 39 A ditto of a Woman, 4 feet high, wants the head. 40 A ditto of Flora, 3 feet 10 inches. 41 A ditto of Hercules, 4 feet high, wants hands. 42 A ditto of Diana, 4 feet 8 inches high, wants arms. 43 A ditto of Hymen leaning on his Torch, 5 feet 6. 44 A ditto of Venus half naked, 4 feet high. 45 A circular Altar, 2 feet 6 inches high. 46 A statue of Melpomene sitting, 4 feet high. — Perhaps it is Agrip- pina, in the character of Melpomene. 47 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 10 inches high. 48 A Grecian Lady, 4 feet 8 inches high, wants arms. 49 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 8 inches high. 50 A statue of Camilla, 6 feet 5 inches high. 51 A ditto of a Grecian Philosopher, 5 feet high, wants the right arm. 52 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 2 inches high. 53 A statue of Caius Marius, 6 feet high. — It has a noble severity. 54 A statue of Bacchus naked, 4 feet 2 inches high. — A delicate piece of sculpture. The hand is added with much address by Guelphi, by whom are all the modern addi- tions. 55 A circular Roman Altar, 2 feet 2 inches high. 56 A statue of Julia, 6 feet 9 high, wants the arms. 57 A Roman Fathom, 6 feet 10 inches by 2 feet. 58 A Sphynx, 5 feet 8 inches long. 59 A ditto, somewhat less. 60 A Sacrifice, 2 feet 3 by 2 feet. 61 A basso relievo of a Dacian’s Sacri- fice, 2 feet by 2 feet 4. 62 Part of a Sacrifice, l foot 8. inches by l foot 2. 63 A naked Trunk of an Hermaphro- dite. 64 Basso relievo, l foot 10 inches by 1 foot 3. 65 Basso relievo of a Shepherd, 2 feet by 11 inches. 66 A Bacchanalian, 2 feet 3 inches by 2 feet. 67 A Woman’s Head, l foot 6 high, wants the nose. 68 The Trunk of a Man, 2 feet 2 inches. 69 A Trunk of a Woman sitting, 2 feet 7 inches. 70 A consular Trunk, 5 feet 6 inches high. 10 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 71 A Trunk of a Woman sitting, 2 feet 7 inches. 72 A Bust of a Roman, 1 foot 6 inches high, wants the nose. 73 The Head of a Man, 1 foot high, wants the nose. 74 A Trunk of Venus naked, l foot 10 inches high. 75 An old Man’s Head. 76 A Man’s Head, 10 inches high, wants the nose. 77 Part of a Head and Neck, l foot 6 inches high. 78 An old Man’s Head. 7 9 A statue of a young Satyr, 2 feet 6 inches high. 80 A naked Trunk of a Man, 2 feet 6 inches high. 81 Beasts devouring men. — It is the pedestal of a table ; Scyl/a and Cha - rybdis are represented devouring ma- riners, "whose attitudes are extremely fine. 82 A Trunk of a Woman, 2 feet 8 inches high. 83 Part of a Man’s Foot. 84 A naked Trunk of a Man, 2 feet 6 inches high. 85 Part of two Masks, 2 feet 5 inches by l foot 9. 86 A Lion, 3 feet 10 inches long. 87 An Alabaster Urn, 2 feet 8 inches high. 88 A Sarcophagus, 5 feet 2 inches by 1 foot 6. 89 Statue of Judith, 4 feet 6 inches high. 90 A ditto of Hercules choaking a Lion. — Few figures have greater spirit. On the rock adjoining seems to have been the figure of a Woman , perhaps of a Muse singing the achievement to her harp. 91 A Sarcophagus with Boys, 4 feet by l foot 4. 92 A Sea Lion, 3 feet 6 inches long, 2 feet 4 inches high. 93 Dogs and a Boar, 2 feet long. 94 A sleeping Cupid, 2 feet 5 inches high. — The Lizard may be a device for the name of the sculptor , unless allegorical. A Sarcophagus, 2 feet 3 inches by 1 foot. A basso relievo Roman Repast, 2 feet by 1 foot 7 . ATrunk of a Woman, 2 feet high. Soldiers fighting, 1 foot 1 1 inches by 2 feet 3. Ditto, 3 feet 1 1 by 1 foot 3. A Trunk of a young Man, l foot 11 . The Triumph of Amphitryon, 2 feet by 2 feet. A Trunk of a Woman sitting, 1 foot 3 inches high. The taking of Troy, 7 feet by 1 1 inches. — The figures executed with amazing exprefjion. Boys embracing, 2 feet 3 inches by 1 foot 6 . The Herculean Games, 2 feet 3 inches by 2 feet. Boys, 2 feet by 1 foot. A Woman and a Child sitting in a square nich, l foot 9 inches by l foot 7 . A Roman Monument with three Busts,' 3 feet 10 inches by 2 feet 3. Part of a Roman Monument. Ditto. Bust of a Roman Head. Ditto. A Roman Bust. A Bust of Fauna. A ditto of Faunus. The Bust of a young Man. A Bust of Diana. Ditto of a Grecian. Ditto of a Woman clothed. Ditto of a Philosopher. Philosophy, a bust. A Bust of Niobe. Ditto of one of her Sons. Ditto of Venus de Medicis. Ditto of a Woman clothed. A Bust clothed, wants the head. Ditto, 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 11 1-28 A Bust clothed, wants the head. 129 Ditto. 130 A Bust naked, head wanting. 131 Bust of an old Man half naked. 132 Ditto of a Roman. 133 Bust of Henry VIII. modern. 134 Do. (mod.) of Rob. C. Pal. Rhen. D. Bav. 1637- iEt. 17. 135 A Colossal Head of Apollo. THE THEATRE. The front of this building is opposite to the Divinity School, adorned with Corinthian pillars, and the statues of Archbishop Sheldon and the Duke of Ormond. Its roof has been admired as a chef-d’oeuvre of Carpentry, being conti- nued to a great breadth, by a very ingenious truss of timber- work, sustained only by the side walls, without intermedi- ate support, its extent being 80 feet one way by 70 feet the other. In consequence of the failure of the original roof, it was taken off, and a new one in its present form was executed in the year 1802. When properly filled, the Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor being seated in the centre of the semicircular part, the No- blemen and Doctors on his right and left hand, the Proctors and Curators in their robes, the Masters of Arts, Bachelors, and Under-Graduates, in their respective habits and places, to. gether with strangers of both sexes, it makes a most august appearance. On the north side is the statue of Charles II. Within are the Portraits of the Founder, (Archbishop Sheldon,) the Duke of Ormond, and Sir Christopher Wren, the Architect. Like- wise a curious Ceiling, by Streater; the following descrip- tion of which is taken from Plott’s Natural History of Ox- fordshire : “ In imitation of the Theatres of the ancient Greeks and Ro- mans, which were too large to be covered with lead or tile, so this, by the painting of the flat roof within, is represented open j and as they stretched a cordage from pilaster to pilaster, upon which they strained a covering of cloth, to protect the people from the injuries of the weather, so here is a cord-moulding gilded, that reaches cross the house, both in length and breadth, which supporteth a great 12 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. reddish drapery, supposed to have covered the roof, but now furled up by the Genii round about the house, towards the wall, which dis» covereth the open air, and maketh way for the descent of the Arts and Sciences , that are congregated in a circle of clouds, to whose assembly Truth descends, as being solicited and implored by them all. For joy of this festival some other Genii sport about the clouds, with their festoons of flowers and laurels, and prepare their gar- lands of laurels and roses, viz. Honour and Pleasure , for the great lovers and students of those arts : and that this assembly might be perfectly happy, their great enemies and disturbers. Envy, Rapine , and Brutality , are by the Genii of their opposite virtues, viz. Pru- dence, Fortitude, and Eloquence, driven from the society, and thrown down headlong from the clouds : the report of the assembly of the one, and the expulsion of the other, being proclaimed through the open and serene air by some other of the Genii, who, blowing their antic trumpets, divide themselves into the several quarters of the world. Thus far in general. More particularly, the circle of figures consists, first of Theology, with her Book of Seven Seals, imploring the assistance of Truth for the unfolding of it. On her left hand is the Mosaical Law, veiled, with the tables of stone, to which she points with her iron rod. On her right hand is the Gospel, with the cross in one hand, and a chalice in the other. - In the same division, over the Mosaical Law, is History, holding up her pen as dedicating it to Truth, and an attending Genius, with several fragments of old Writing, from which she collects her his- tory into her books. On the other side, near the Gospel, is Divine Poesy , wfith her harp of David’s fashion. % In the triangle on the right hand of the Gospel is also Logic, in a posture of arguing j and on the left hand of the Mosaical Law is Music, with her antic lyre, having a pen in her hand, and a paper of Music Notes on her knee, with a Genius on her right hand (a little within the partition of Theology) playing on a flute, being the emblem of ancient Music. On the left (but within the partition of Physic) Dramatic Poesy, with a Vizard, representing Comedy, a bloody dagger for Tragedy, and the reed pipe for Pastoral. NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 13 In tlie square, on the right side of the circle, is Law, with her ruling Sceptre, accompanied with Records, Patents, and Evidences on the one side, and on the other with Rhetoric : by these is an at- tending Genius , with the Scales of Justice , and a figure with a Palin- brancli, the emblem of reward for virtuous actions 5 and the Roman Fasces, the marks of Power and Punishment. Printing, with a Case of Letters in one hand, and a Form ready set in the other, and by her several Sheets hanging to dry. On the left side the circle, opposite to Theology, in three squares, are the Mathematical Sciences, depending on Demonstration, as the other on Faith ; in the first of which is Astronomy, with the Celes- tial Globe, Geography , with the Terrestrial, together with three at- tending Genii, having Arithmetic in the square on one hand, with a paper of figures ; Optics with the perspective Glass ; Geometry, with a pair of Compasses in her left hand - } and a table, with geo- metrical figures in it, in her right hand. And in the square on the other hand. Architecture embracing the capital of a column, with Compasses, and the Norma or Square lying by her, and a workman holding another Square in one hand, and a Plumb-Line in the other. In the midst of these squares and triangles (as descending from above) is the figure of Truth, sitting as on a cloud, in one hand holding a Palm-branch, (the emblem of victory,) in the other the Sun, whose brightness enlightens the whole circle of figures, and is so bright, that it seems to hide the face of herself to the spec- tators below. Over the entrance of the front of the Theatre are three figures tumbling down ; first Envy, with her snaky hairs, squint eyes, hag’s breast, pale venomous complexion, strong but ugly limbs, and riveled skin, frighted from above by the sight of the shield of Pallas, with the Gorgon's head in it, against which she opposes her snaky tresses ; but her fall is so precipitous, she has no command of her arms. / Then Rapine, with her fiery eyes, grinning teeth, sharp twangs, her hands imbrued in blood, holding a bloody dagger in one hand, in the other a burning flambeau ) with these instruments threaten- ing the destruction of Learning, and all its habitations : but she is overcome, and prevented by a Herculean Genius, or power. Next that is represented brutish, scoffing Ignorance, endeavour- ing to vilify and contemn what she understands not, which is charmed by a Mercurial Genius , with his Caduceus .” 14 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. In the Theatre are held the Public Acts called the Comitia, and Encaenia, and Lord Crewe’s annual Commemoration, in June or July, of the Benefactors to the University ; when the Prizes adjudged to particular Performances are publicly re- cited. This superb Edifice, which justly deserves to be deemed one of our principal curiosities, was built by that celebrated Archi- tect Sir Christopher Wren, at the expence of Archbishop Sheldon, the Chancellor, in 1669, and cost his Grace 15,0001. to which he added 20001. to purchase lands for the perpetual repair of it. Before the erection of the Clarendon, the upper part was used as a Printing-House; which accounts for so many of the Oxford editions of books, published about the end of the seventeenth century, having their title-pages orna- mented with a small view of the Theatre. THE MUSEUM. On the west side of the Theatre stands the Ashmolean Mu- seum, a handsome Edifice, built by the University at the request of Elias Ashmole, Esq. Windsor Herald to King Charles II. who placed here all the rarities he had collected and purchased, particularly from the two Tradescants. The Building was completed in 1682, under the conduct of Sir Christopher Wren, and is admired for its symmetry and ele- gance. The eastern Portico is highly finished in the Corin- thian Order, and adorned with variety of characteristical em- bellishments. Mr. Ashmole presented to the University a valuable col- lection of Natural Curiosities, Coins, and Manuscripts, toge- ther with three gold chains, one of philigrain work, he had received as honorary presents from the King of Denmark and other Princes, on occasion of his Book on the Order of the Garter. This repository has been greatly enriched by several ample and valuable benefactions. The principal natural curiosities are the collection of Bodies, Horns, Bones, &c. of animals preserved dry or in spirits ; curious and numerous specimens of Metals and Minerals ; Dr. Lister’s collection ot Shells, NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 15 Ores, Fossils, &c. most of which are published in his Synop- sis Conchyliorum, and in the Philosophical Transactions. Its two first Keepers were Dr. Robert Plott and Mr. Ed- ward Lhwyd, the former of whom deposited here all his na- tural bodies mentioned in his Histories of Staffordshire and Oxfordshire; and the latter the collections he had made in his travels through England, Wales, and Ireland. Mr. Bor- lace, author of the Natural History of Cornwall, presented also to this Museum the specimens of Crystals, Mundics, Coppers, Tins, &c. described in that work. The large Magnet given by the Countess of Westmorland is of an oval shape, 18 inches long; 12 wide, and supports a weight of 145 pounds. Three curious pieces of art deserve particular notice ; viz. a model of a Ship ; a picture of our Saviour going to his Crucifixion, composed of the most beautiful lively feathers ; and an ancient piece of St. Cuthbert, made by order of King Alfred. The last and very entertaining present to this collection was given by Mr. Reinhold Foster, who went the first voyage round the world with Captain Cook, consisting of a great va- riety of the manufactures, habits, warlike instruments, and an idol, which he brought from the island of Otaheite and New Zealand. Among the Paintings are a few very good ones : a dead Christ, by Annibal Carracci. Thomas Earl of Arundel, and the Duke of Norfolk, his son, by Vandyke. Christ’s Descent into Hell, by Brugell. In this building are three small Libraries ; the first, called Ashmole’s Study, contains his printed Books and Manuscripts relating to Heraldry and Antiquity, and the Manuscripts of Sir William Dugdale, author of the Monasticon Anglicanum. The second contains Dr. Lister’s Library. The third that of Mr. Antony a Wood, with his laborious and learned collec- tions, relating chiefly to this University and City. On the first floor is the apparatus for the Lectures in Expe- rimental Philosophy, where the Professor reads his Courses of Lectures; underneath is the grand apparatus for the present 16 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. extensive Lectures in Chemistry now established in the Uni- versity. CLARENDON PRINTING-HOUSE. On the other side of the Theatre, and north of the Schools, stands the Clarendon Printing-House, built in the year 1711? with the profits arising from the sale of Lord Clarendon’s His- tory; the copy of which was given to the University by the Lords Clarendon and Rochester, Sons to that noble Lord. It is a noble edifice, 115 feet in length, and consists of two lofty stories. Towards the street is a magnificent Portico of the Doric order; the height of the columns being equal to the two stories. This is answered on the opposite side next the Schools by a frontispiece supported by three-quarter columns of the same dimensions ; and the Doric entablature encom- passes the whole building. On the top are statues of the nine Muses; and over the entrance on the south side a statue of the Earl of Clarendon. As we enter on this side, on the right hand, are the apartments where Bibles and Com- mon Prayer Books are printed, under the privilege and ap- pointment of the University. On the left is the University Press; and a well-finished apartment, where the Heads of Houses and Delegates meet on the business of the Uni- versity. RADCLIFFE’S LIBRARY. Southward of the Schools, in the centre of a beautiful area, stands the new or Radclivian Library ; for the building whereof, that celebrated Physician Dr. John Radcliffe be- queathed the sum of 40,0001. He fixed the salary of the Li- brarian at 1501. per annum; appropriated 1001. per annum to buy books, and 1001. per annum to keep the Library in repair. The rustic basement, which is 100 feet in diameter from outside to outside, is a double octagon, or sixteen square ; all of which squares are distinguished by their projection, and by a pediment or frontispiece, which forms each into a gateway. XK'TERIom OF HADC JLIFFK LIBjRAFY, NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 17 The superstructure, raised upon this basement, is perfectly cylindrical, and adorned with three-quarter columns of the Corinthian Order; which are ranged, not at equal distances, but in couplets. Between these there is an alternacy of win- dows and niches all round : over the latter, next to the archi- trave, are beautiful festoons of fruits and flowers. The enta- blature is much enriched with carving ; and over it is a balu- strade surrounding the whole, finished with vases on the piers perpendicular to the columns; above which is a cupola 60 feet high. Seven of the gateways above mentioned are en- trances into the portico or arcade; in the centre of which within the piers is a wide-spreading dome ; and without them a cloister almost encircling it. Over each of the entrances is a dome of smaller dimensions, curiously wrought with variety of Mosaic. The eighth gateway is appropriated to the stair- case, the well of which is oval ; and the steps, which are of stone, adhering to the wall at one end, seem rather to be up- held by the iron rail that is upon them, than supported un- derneath at the other. The pavement is of different coloured stone, brought from Harts Forest, in Germany. The dome, which is 80 feet high from the pavement, is wrought in curious compartments in stucco. It is chiefly lighted by windows in the cylindric part ; between which are tresses of fruits and flowers. In the circular part, without the piers, are the book-cases and reading- tables : the gallery above is appropriated to the same uses as the circular part beneath. Over the door is a very good statue of the Founder by Rysbrack. Over the entrance of one of the galleries is a bust of Gibbs, the Architect. The first stone of this superb building was laid May 17? A. D. 1737 ; and, being completely finished, it was opened on Thursday, April 13, 1749. In this Library are a couple of superb Roman Candlesticks, of incomparable workmanship, given to the University by Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. They were found in the ruins of the Emperor Adrian’s palace at Tivoli, in the Campania Romana. The Public are indebted to Dr. Radcliffe’s Trustees for building and completely furnishing the PUBLIC INFIR- MARY at the north side of the city, which is maintained and supported by voluntary contributions. An institution which c 18 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. in this place must be productive of very extensive benefits, as, while it relieves the poor, it serves as a school for the Stu- dents in Physic. It was completed and opened for public use on St. Luke’s day, 1770. The munificent Trustees of Dr. Radcliffe have also built a magnificent ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY, in an advantageous situation, as it commands an extensive horizon, not incommoded by the town, which was originally designed by Henry Keene, but was afterwards improved and completed under the direction of that eminent artist, Mr. Wyat. The Eight Winds, after the manner of the Temple at Athens, are placed on the third story, and the Atlas on the top. It is built in an open field adjoining to the north side of the Infirmary ; the land a benefaction of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough. The whole building is 175 feet in length ; its breadth from north to south in the centre, exclu- sive of the portico, is 57 feet; and at each wing 24 feet. Between the wings in the north front springs a semicircle, which includes the Hall with two adjacent Libraries on the ground-floor ; the stair-case and the Lecture-Room with two adjoining rooms on the next story. The third story consists of an octangular tower, the eleva- tion of which, including the figure on the roof, is upwards of 50 feet. Thus is the elevation of the centre of this building an hundred feet and upwards. In the eastern wing is contained, in three rooms, a com- plete set of Astronomical Instruments, fixed in the plane of the Meridian, made by the late unrivalled artist, Mr. John Bird, at the expence of above 11001. consisting of two Qua- drants, each of eight feet radius; a Transit Instrument of eight feet, and a Zenith-Sector of twelve. In the western wing is placed a set of smaller instruments, for the use of such Students as choose to apply themselves to practical Astronomy. The Dwelling-House for the Professor is very commodi- ously connected with the eastern wing of the Observatory by a covered way. NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. In the lower part of the field is a small circular building, with a moveable roof, in which is placed an Equatorial Sec- tor, for the purpose of observing the places of the heavenly bodies at any distance from the meridian. As company would interrupt the business of the Observa- tory, it is not shewn to strangers, and improper intrusion into the grounds is prevented by the Porter at the gate. THE PHYSIC or BOTANICAL GARDEN is situated on the south of Magdalen College. This was the donation of Henry D’Anvers, Earl of Danby, who purchased a lease of the ground (containing five acres) of Magdalen Col- lege, surrounded it with a lofty wall, and erected, next to the street, a parapet with iron palisades. The Gateway is justly esteemed an elegant piece of archi- tecture. The design is ascribed to Inigo Jones; nor is it un- worthy of that architect. It was executed by Nicholas Stone, senior. In the centre over the arch is a bust of the Founder, Lord Danby. On the left hand of the entrance is a statue of Charles I. and on the right one of Charles II. On the face of the corona and the frize is the following inscription : viz. Gloria Dei Opt. Max. Honori Caroli I. Regis in Vsum Acad, et Reipub. Henricus Conies Danby, D. D. anno 1632. This inscription is likewise on the garden front. The Garden is divided into four quarters, with a broad walk down the middle. Near the entrance are two elegant and useful Green-houses, built for Exotics, of which there is a considerable collection. In the quarters is the greatest va- riety of such plants as require no artificial heat to nourish them, all ranged in their proper classes, and numbered. Eastward of the Garden, without the walls, is an excellent Hot-house; where tender plants are raised and brought to great perfection ; viz. the Anana or Pine- Apple, the Plantain, the Coffee Shrub, the Caper-tree, the Cinnamon, the Creep- ing Cereus, and many others. The Caper and Coffee Shrub bear well. This useful foundation has been much improved by Dr. c 2 20 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. Sherard, who, in 1728, provided a salary for the Professor, and brought from Smyrna a valuable collection of plants: and the late learned Professor, Dr. Sibthorpe, who also re- sided some years in the East, enriched the collection with many new articles. The assistant to the Professor is provided by the University; he is generally ready to attend such per- sons as wish to be minutely informed as to the more scarce and curious plants. We proceed next to describe and give some account of the several Colleges ; and as Magdalen College is the nearest to the place we last mentioned, and the first we meet with in the road from London, it may be most convenient to begin with that College. MAGDALEN COLLEGE. The College of St. Mary Magdalen is situated near the river Cherwell, at the east end of the city. The first thing worthy attention is the west entrance into the Chapel ; over which are five small figures, of elegant sculpture. That on the right, in a kneeling posture, represents the Founder; the next, William of Wykeham, the Founder of the two St. Mary Winton Colleges ; that in the middle, St. Mary Magdalen, to whom the College is dedicated ; the next, in a kneeling posture, King Henry III. who refounded the Hospital which was converted into this College ; and that on the left, St. John the Baptist, to whom the said Hospital was dedicated. The building on the left hand is the President’s Lodgings. Near the entrance, on the right hand, is the Chapel, which is a well-proportioned edifice, in form of a Roman T inverted. A new roof has been placed on this Chapel, after an elegant design (in lf93); and the whole is now one of the most finished Chapels in the place. In the Ante-chapel, on the left of the organ-loft, is a Monument erected to the memory of two Brothers of the name of Lyttelton, who were drowned in the river Cherwell, one by endeavouring to save the other. The Ante-chapel has been adorned with an elegant new pul- pit, lecturer’s seat, and new paving. NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 21 The west Window, painted in claro obscuro, was done after a design of Schwartz, as appears by a print engraved by Sade- lar from the original. It represents the last Judgment. But having been greatly damaged by the high wind which hap- pened in 1703, it was after a long interval restored to its ori- ginal excellence by Mr. Eginton, of Handsworth, near Bir- mingham, in 1794. Till the time of the Civil Wars, all the windows were painted in the same manner. Those now in the Chapel were removed thither from the Ante-chapel in 1741 ; but not being a sufficient number to glaze the whole, two new ones were afterwards added. And in the year 1797* the Society was at the expence of setting up in the Ante- chapel eight painted windows, designed and executed by the above-mentioned ingenious artist. They are adorned with the figures of the two patron saints, St. John Baptist and St. Mary Magdalen; of Kings Henry III. and VI. by the former of whom St. John Baptist’s Hospital was, as we have ob- served, refounded, and by the latter of whom it was, together with its possessions, conveyed to the College; of William Waynflete the Founder, and William Wykeham, Founder of New College, to which Society Waynflete is conjectured to have belonged ; of Bishop Fox, Founder of Corpus Christi College, and Cardinal Wolsey, the Founder of Cardinal Col- lege, afterwards refounded with the appellation of Christ Church, both of whom had been Fellows of this Society. The other compartments of the windows are enriched with de- signs of Christ’s Baptism, and of the Adoration at the sepul- chre, with the College-arms, and those of the above-men- tioned kings and prelates, and with other ornaments remark- able for the correctness of the style in which they are exe- cuted. The Altar-piece was painted by Isaac Fuller, an English history-painter, about 150 years ago; who, having studied and admired the muscular manner of Michael Angelo, seems to have neglected the graceful elegance of Raphael : for al- though many of the figures may justly be deemed excellent anatomical drawings ; yet, for want of that easy and natural disposition peculiar to the last-mentioned great master, and c 3 22 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. better colouring, the whole appears crude, and perhaps had not the last finishing. Underneath this piece of the last Judgment, is an admirable picture of our Saviour bearing his cross, long supposed to have been painted by Guido, but now generally attributed to Moralez, a Spanish artist who flou- rished in the sixteenth century. It was at Vigo, and brought into England by the late Duke of Ormond; but afterwards falling into the hands of William Freman, Esq. of Hamels in Hertfordshire, he gave it to the College. To this Gentleman the College is likewise chiefly obliged for an excellent Organ, two additional Bells to the peal of eight, and other consider- able benefactions. The altar was built, in the present manner, about the year 1730. The design is elegant, and the workmanship well performed : besides the common embellishments of the Co- rinthian Order, there are festoons over every pannel, ex- tremely well carved, which greatly enrich it. Each Window contains six Figures nearly as large as the life, representing the Apostles, primitive Fathers, Saints, and Martyrs. Cathedral service is performed here every day at ten and between three and four, except Sundays and Holi- days, when the morning prayers begin at eight, on account of the University sermon. From hence, on the right, we pass into the Cloister, which remains in its primitive state; the whole making the most venerable appearance of any College in Oxford, having under- gone the fewest alterations of any since it was founded. On the south side are the Hall and Chapel; on the west the Li- brary ; and on the north and east, the Lodgings of the Fel- lows, Demies, &c. At the south-east corner of the Cloister is the way up to the Hall, which is a very spacious room, handsomely fitted up, and adorned with six whole-length portraits, viz. of the Founder, Dr. Butler, formerly President, William Freman, Esq. Abp. Boulter, Prince Henry, and Prince Rupert; four half-lengths, viz. Bp. Wilcocks, Bp. Hough, Bp. Warner, a great benefactor to the Library, and Dr. Hammond. The interior part of this Cloister is ornamented with Hie- NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 23 roglyphics, of which we shall here give a particular, and, we trust, a rational account, from a Latin a manuscript in the Library of this College. ( Beginning therefore from the south-west corner, the two 6 first figures we meet with are the Lion and the Pelican. ‘ The former of these is the emblem of Courage and Vigilance; e the latter, of parental Tenderness- and Affection. Both of c them together express to us the complete character of a c good governor of a College. Accordingly they are placed 6 under the window of those lodgings which originally be- c longed to the President, as the instructions they convey c ought particularly to regulate his conduct. c Going on to the right hand, on the other side of the gate- e way, are four figures, viz. the School-master, the Lawyer, ‘ the Physician, and the Divine. These are ranged along the c outside of the Library, and represent the duties and busi- ( ness of the Students of the house. By means of learning ‘ in general, they are to be introduced to one of the three 4 learned professions ; or else, as hinted to us by the figure c with Cap and Bells in the corner, they must turn out Fools £ in the end. ‘ We come now to the north side of the Quadrangle : and s here the three first figures represent the History of David, c his conquest over the Lion and Goliath ; from whence we are ‘ taught, not to be discouraged at any difficulties that may c stand in our way, as the Vigour of Youth will easily enable ‘ us to surmount them. The next figure to these is that of f the Hippopotamos, or River-Horse, carrying his young one ( upon his shoulders. This is the emblem of a good tutor, or c fellow of a College, who is set to watch over the youth of c the society, and by whose prudence they are to be led 6 through the dangers of their first entrance into the world. a This piece is entitled CEdipus Magdalenensis : Explicatio viz. Imaginum, et Fi - gurarum, qu is the Nativity of our Saviour: under which has lately been placed a painting on the same subject, a copy by Mr. Cranke from La Nolte, the Night , of Correggio, in the Dresden Gallery, esteemed one of the first pictures in the world. It was presented to the Society by Mr. Robson of Bond-street. The side windows by Van Linge were removed thither from the old Chapel ; two on the north side are the last Judgment, and two other on the south the Ascension. The rest are all of old glass, remarkable for the liveliness of the colours. This Chapel was begun in 1714, and completed in 1719. There is a passage between the Chapel and the Hall from the south to the north court, the walls of which carry a hand- some cupola with eight Ionic columns, and all the proper ornaments of that order: the outside of the whole is a Doric building, and the inside of the Hall beautified with the same order : but the inside of the Chapel is entirely Corinthian, the ceiling of which is not inferior to the rest. The Hall, built in the beginning of the last century, is 60 feet long, and 30 broad, with an arched roof of a suitable height. It is furnished with portraits of the Founder and principal Benefactors : to which has lately been added a pic- ture of her present Majesty Queen Charlotte. It is extremely well illuminated, and has a chimney-piece of beautiful mar- ble; and there is an opening from the gallery over the west cloister, originally designed for music; and hither strangers are frequently brought, who desire to see the Society at dinner. The Library on the west side of the north court, which was completed in 1694, is about 123 feet in length ; a noble build- ing of the Corinthian Order, with a spacious cloister to the east, and the statue of the Founder, and principal Benefac- tors to the College, in niches to the west, and is adorned with 28 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. stucco-work by the late Mr. Roberts. It has a splendid Or- rery, and is furnished with a valuable collection of books and manuscripts in most languages and sciences. It is also orna- mented with a cast in plaster of Paris of the Florentine Boar, presented by Sir Roger Newdigate. Robert Egglesfield, a native of Cumberland, confessor to Queen Philippa, and Bachelor of Divinity in this University, having purchased several tenements in the parish of St. Pe- ter’s in the East, erected there a Collegiate Hall, probably by the encouragement of Queen Philippa, consort of King Edward III. giving it the name of Aula Scholarium Regince de Oxon.; and on the 18th of January, 1340, obtained the Royal Charter for incorporating the society of this Hall or College ; by virtue whereof he constituted a Provost and twelve Fel- lows, ordering that the Provost should be chosen out of the Fellows, and be in holy orders; and that for the future the Fellows should be elected out of the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland. The principal Benefactors, besides the Founder, were King Edward III. and his Queen Philippa; King Charles I. who gave this College three rectories and three vicarages in Hampshire ; Sir Joseph Williamson, Knight, some time Fel- low, who rebuilt part of the College, and left 6*0001. towards the finishing of it, besides a valuable library of books ; Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. William Lancaster, and Dr. Timothy Halton, Provosts. Some valuable Exhibitions have been since founded by Lady Margaret Hungerford, Sir Francis Bridgman, Mr. Tylney, Lady Elizabeth Hastings, and Dr. Holmes. Eight Fellowships, four Scholarships, and four Exhibitions have been established by the late Mr. Mi- chell, of Richmond; and this institution is called the New Foundation in Queen’s College. Several very liberal dona- tions were received by the Society in the year 1779, for the purpose of rebuilding the west wing of the front quadrangle, which had been destroyed by fire ; and in particular the sum of a thousand pounds from her present Majesty, Patroness of the College. The members in this College are, a Provost, sixteen Fel- lows, two Chaplains, eight Taberdars, (so called from taber NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 29 dam , a short gown which they formerly wore,) sixteen Scho- lars, two Clerks, and forty Exhibitioners; together with Mr. Michell’s establishment, and a great number of Masters, Ba- chelors, Gentlemen Commoners, Commoners, and other Stu- dents ; in all about two 200. They have here some extraordinary customs. They are called to dinner by the sound of a trumpet. On Christmas- day a boar’s head is ushered very solemnly into the common hall or refectory, with a celebrated monkish song. And on New Year’s day the Bursar of the College gives to each mem- ber a needle and thread, addressing him in these terms, Take this , and be thrifty. This practice of distributing the needle and thread, aiguille et Jil , had, perhaps, in its origin, some allusion to the name of the Founder, Egglesfield. Visitor. The Archbishop of York. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. Opposite to Queen’s, on the south side of the High- street, stands University College, with an extensive front, more than 260 feet in length. It has two gateways, with a tower over each, at equal distances from the extremities of the building. That on the west leads into the old court, a hand- some Gothic quadrangle, 100 feet square; and above the gateway are two statues ; one on the outside, of Queen Anne ; another within, of King James II. Above the other gateway on the outside is a statue of Queen Mary, daughter of James II. and another within, of Dr. John RadclifFe. This entrance leads into a smaller court of three sides, each about 80 feet in length, open to a garden on the south. The east and part of the north side are occupied by the lodgings of the Master. On the south side of the western quadrangle stand the Chapel and Hall. That part of the building has lately under- gone a considerable alteration, under the directing taste* of Dr. Griffith, the present Master, by the lengthening of the windows, the addition of buttresses, battlements, and pin- nacles, and the changing of the former clumsy centre into an elegant Gothic bow window, and pediment. The windows of the Chapel are of fine old painted glass. 30 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. done by Abraham Van Linge in 16*4l. The eastern window, by Henry Giles, a glass-painter of York, was given by Dr. Radcliffe in 1687. The ceiling, which was formerly of wood, having been removed for the purpose of repairing the tim- bers of the roof, has been replaced by a handsome Gothic groined ceiling. In the Chapel are some fine specimens of carving in wood by Gibbons, particularly on the screen, which is enriched with Corinthian pillars, and other architec- tural ornaments, and is justly entitled to attention both on account of its form, and the excellence of the work. The altar-piece is a copy of the Salvator Mundi, a celebrated painting of Carlo Dolce, burnt in wood and presented by the present Master. The Wainscot in the Ante-chapel has been removed, and an arch formed in the west end, which contains a fme monument, erected by his widow, to the memory of Sir William Jones, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court in Bengal, and formerly a Fellow of this Society. The bas-re- lief of this monument, which was executed by Flaxman, re- presents Sir Wm. Jones making the translation and forming the digest of Hindoo laws from the sacred books or Vedas, which the Bramins are reading before him. The Epitaph is surmounted by the Grecian and Hindoo Lyres and the Cadu- ceus, the emblem of eloquence. The Tigers’ heads, by which the bas-relief is supported, are the emblems of Bengal. The Hall, which was fitted up some years since in the Go- thic style, has lately received considerable improvements, and is now one of the most beautiful rooms in Oxford. In the Common Room is an excellent bust of King Alfred, the Founder of the College, executed by Wilton, from a model by Rysbrack, and presented to the College by the pre- sent Earl of Radnor, then Viscount Folkstone. The bust of the Founder stands between the portraits of King Henry IV. and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, two Benefactors to the College, burnt in wood, and given to the Society, by Dr. Griffith. No part of the buildings of this College can boast of any antiquity. The present spacious and uniform structure was begun in 1634, by the Rev. Charles Greenwood, formerly a NEW COMPANION FOR OXFOE0. 31 Fellow. The work was carried on by Sir Simon Benet, and by the assistance of succeeding patrons the western qua- drangle was finished in 1665. Dr. John Radcliffe gave by will 50001. for building the north and east sides of the other quadrangle, and also left his Yorkshire estate in trust to the Society, charged with the payment of 6001. to two travelling Fellows, students in Medicine, to whom he ordered apart- ments to be appropriated in that part of the building. King Alfred, in the year 87 2, is usually supposed to have erected certain halls in Oxford, near, or on the spot, where this College stands, and to have given the students small pen- sions issuing from the Exchequer. But the actual Founder of this College appears to be William, Archdeacon of Dur- ham, who purchased A. D. 1219 one of the old halls which stood near the spot, endowed it with land, and founded ten or more Fellowships for natives of the county of Durham, which were soon reduced to two. Succeeding Benefactors improved the revenues and buildings of the Society. Of these the most considerable are Walter Skirlaw, Bishop of Durham, who procured lands from King Henry IV. and founded three Fellowships for the dioceses of York and Dur- ham : Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, Lord of the Honour of Cockermouth, in 1442 added three Fellowships for the dioceses of Durham, York, and Carlisle, with a pre- ference to natives of the county of Northumberland : and Sir Simon Benet established four Fellowships and four Scholar- ships, to which all persons born in the province of Canter- bury are eligible. The present Society consists of a Master, twelve Fellows, and seventeen Scholars, with other Students, amounting in the whole to about 70- Visitor. The King. ALL SOULS COLLEGE. This College is situated west of Queen’s, and consists chiefly of two courts. 1. The old court is about 124 feet in length, and 72 in breadth, having the High-street on the south, and the Chapel at the north end of it. In this old 32 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. quadrangle is a dial, contrived by that ingenious architect, Sir Christopher Wren, when Fellow of the College, which by the help of two half rays, and one whole one for every hour, shews to a minute what is the time, the minutes being marked on the sides of the rays, fifteen on each side, and di- vided in five by a different character. 2. Their grand court, situated behind the former, is a spa- cious and beautiful quadrangle, having the Library on the north, the Hall and Chapel on the south, the Cloister on the west, and the Common Room, with other handsome apart- ments, on the east, adorned with two beautiful Gothic towers. This court is in length, from north to south, about 172 feet, and in breadth 155. The Chapel of this College is about 70 feet long, and 30 broad ; the Ante-chapel of the same di- mensions. The Altar-piece is of a beautiful clouded marble, and over it a fine Assumption-piece of the Founder, painted by Sir James Thornhill. Here are also two elegant Vases, one on each side of the altar, by the same hand ; the bas- relief of which represents the institution of the Two Sacra- ments. The compartment over the communion-table is filled with a picture painted at Rome in the year 177 L by cele- brated Mr. Mengs. The subject of this piece is our Saviour’s first appearance to Mary Magdalene after his resurrection ; which is called by the painters a Noli me tangere , in allusion to the first words of Christ’s speech to her, “ Touch me not” The colouring is exquisite, especially in the body of our Sa- viour. There is something very amiable, mixed with dignity, in the countenance and character of this figure; while the mild composure of it is finely contrasted by that ecstasy of joy and astonishment, which appears on the face of Mary. The roof of the Chapel is divided into compartments, carved and gilded. The screen, which divides the Chapel from the Ante-chapel, was the design of Sir Christopher Wren. The new Library is a magnificent Gallery, 198 feet long, and 32j broad, and about 40 feet high, finished at a great expence. The outside is Gothic, in conformity with the rest of the quadrangle. The inside consists of two grand ranges of book-c^ses, one above the other, supported by pilasters of NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 33 the Doric and Ionic orders. Over the book-cases are placed interchangeably vases and hustos, by Sir Henry Cheere, of many eminent persons, formerly Fellows of this Society, of which the following is a list, viz. 1. Sir Anthony Shirley , Knight, A. B. Count of the Empire, and Ambassador from Schach Abhas, Emperor of Persia, to the Christian Princes, in the reign of James I. admitted Fellow 1582. 2. Sir William Petre , Knight, LL. D. Secretary of State to Henry VIII. and Edward VI. and Privy Counsellor to Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, 1523. 3. George Clarke , LL. D. Secretary of War, and afterwards, in the reign of Queen Anne, one of the Lords of the Admiralty, Secretary to Prince George of Denmark, and in five Parliaments Burgess for the University, 1680. 4. Sir Daniel Dunn , Knight, LL. D. Dean of the Arches, and one of the first Burgesses in Parliament for the University, 1567. 5. Henry Coventry , Esq. LL. B. Ambassador at Paris, and Secretary of State in the reign of Charles II. 1634. 6. Sir Robert Weston , Knight, LL. D. Dean of the Arches, and Lord Chancel- lor of Ireland, 1536. 7. Sir William Trumbull y Knight, LL. D. Ambassador to the French and Turkish Courts, in the reign of James II. Secretary of State to King William III. and Burgess for the University, 1657 . 8. Charles Talbot , LL. D. Baron of Hensol, and Lord High Chancellor of Eng- land, 1704. 9 . Sir Christopher Wren, Knight, the famous Architect, LL. D. and Savilian Professor of Astronomy, 1653. 10. Richard Steward, LL. D. Dean of St. Paul’s, Provost of Eton, Clerk of the Closet to Charles I. and Commissioner for Ecclesiastical Affairs at the Treaty of Uxbridge, 1613. 11. Thomas Tanner, D. D. Bishop of St. Asaph, 1696 . 12. James Goldwell, LL. D. Bishop of Norwich, and Secretary of State to Ed- ward IV. 144 L . 13. Gilbert Sheldon, D. D. Archbishop of Canterbury, and Chancellor of the University, 1672 . • 14. Brian Duppa, D. D. Bishop of Winchester, Preceptor to Charles II. when Prince of Wales, and Lord Almoner, 1612. 15. David Pole, LL. D. Dean of the Arches, and Bishop of Peterborough, 1520. 16. Jeremy Taylor, D.D. Bishop of Down and Connor, 1635. 17 . John Norris, A. M. Rector of Bemerton, Wilts, 1680. 18. Thomas Sydenham, M. D. 1648. 19 . Thomas Linacre , M. D. Founder of the College of Physicians, London, 1484 . 20 . Sir Clement Edmonds, Knight, A. M. Secretary of the Council in the reign of James I. and Burgess for the University, 1590. 21. Sir William Byrde, Knight, LL, D. Dean of the Arches, and Burgess for .fhe University, 1578. D 34 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 22 . Sir Nathaniel Lloyd , Knight, LL. D. J udge- Advocate, and Master of Tri- nity Hall in Cambridge, 1689. 23. Robert Hovenden , D. D. Warden of All Souls, 1565. 24. Sir John Mason , Knight, M. B. Privy Counsellor to Henry VIII. Edward VI. Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, and the first Lay-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 1521. Over the great door is a very fine bust of the Founder, Archbishop Chichele, in white marble, done by Mr. Roubil- liac. The elegance of the room and the choiceness of the collection, consisting greatly of scarce and foreign books, make this esteemed one of the best libraries in Oxford. The statue of that generous benefactor. Colonel Codring* ton, who was the founder of the Library, by Sir Henry Cheere, is erected in the middle, on a pedestal of veined marble 5 this part of the building being twice the breadth of the rest. The Colonel died in 1710, and the statue was erected in 1730. The Hall is an elegant room, in which are the portraits of Archbishop Chichele, Founder; Colonel Codrington, and Sir Nathaniel Lloyd. Over the chimney, which is a very neat one of dove-coloured marble, under the Founder’s picture, is a piece of Sir James ThornhiH’s, representing the finding of the Law, and Josiah renting his clothes, from 2 Kings xxii. 11 . On the opposite side of the Hall is a bust of the Founder; on one side of him Linacre, and on the other John Leland, the famous antiquary, and author of the Itinerary, both members of this Society. In the Hall is also a statue of that ornament to this Society and the University, the late Mr. Justice Blackstone, executed by Bacon in 1784. This room is ornamented with many other busts, which are chiefly copies from the antique. The College Buttery, which was built with the Hall, is di- vided by a passage; it is of an oval form, with an arched stone roof of very curious work. The Warden’s lodgings, which front the High-street, and are contiguous to the rest of the College, form a handsome house. The Founder of this College, Dr. Henry Chichele, was born at Higham Ferrars in Northamptonshire; and, having had NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 35 his school learning in that town, was, in the year 1387, made by William of Wykeham one of his first set of Fellows at New College in Oxford, where he took the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. He was Archdeacon of Sarum, and afterwards Chancellor of the same church; and becoming known to Henry IV. was sent on several embassies by that Monarch, and advanced first to the bishopric of St. David’s, in which having continued five years, he was translated on July 29, 1414, to the see of Canterbury, of which he remained Arch- bishop twenty-nine years. He laid the foundation of All Souls College in 1437 ; the charter of incorporation is dated May 20, 16 Henry VI. in which it is called Collegium Anima - rum omnium Fidelium defunctorum de Oxon. that is, The Col- lege of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased of Oxford . By the statutes he gave this College he appointed forty Fellow r s, whereof twenty-four were directed to study divinity and philosophy, and the other sixteen the civil and canon law. He procured from King Henry VI. a grant of the lands and revenues of several dissolved priories to endow his Col- lege, and in his life-time erected the chapel and all the rest of the original buildings, which cost him 45451. and at his death gave to the Society the sums of 1341. 6s. 8d. and 100 marks. The most considerable benefactors have been, Colonel Christopher Codrington, Governor of the Leeward Islands and Fellow of All Souls, already mentioned; George Clarke, LL. D. ; the late Duke of Wharton ; Doddington Greville, Esq.; Lieutenant General Stewart ; and Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, who, at the time that he was Fellow of this College, was Head of a College in Cambridge. The Colonel bequeathed 60001. for building the noble Library already described, his own valuable study of books, and 40001. more to purchase new ones ; and Dr. Clarke gave his beautiful house for the use of the Wardens successively of the College. He also much augmented the Chaplainships. In this College are a Warden, forty Fellows, two Chap- lains, and six Clerks and Choristers. A very peculiar custom is the celebrating the Mallard night, every year on the 14th of January, in remembrance of D 2 36 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. an excessive large Mallard or Drake, supposed to have long ranged in a drain or sewer, where it was found at the digging for the foundation of the College. A very humorous account of this event was published many years ago by Dr. Buckler, Sub-Warden, pretendedly from a manuscript of Thomas Wal- singham, the historian and monk of St. Alban's. It is the cause of much mirth ; for on the day, and in remembrance of the Mallard, is always sung a merry old song set to an- cient music. Visitor. The Archbishop of Canterbury. — BRAZEN-NOSE COLLEGE forms the west-side of the Radcliffe square. It was founded in the year 1509, by the joint benefaction of William Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard Sutton, Knight, of Pres- bury in Cheshire. Over the gate are the arms of the latter. The most probable account of the uncommon name of this College seems to be as follows. The Founders purchased from University College, for the site of their intended build- ing, two ancient seats of learning, Brazen-nose and Little University Halls; the former of which, as well as one of the same name at Stamford, received its title from the circum- stance of having a nose of brass affixed to the gate. It was with a view to this that the Founders ordered their new se- minary to be called the King's Hall and College of Brazen- nose : and a similar appendage is still conspicuous over the portal. Over the door of the Hall are two very ancient busts : the one of Alfred the Great, the first Founder, (deemed one of the best representations of that great monarch ;) the other of John Erigena, a Scotsman, the first lecturer in University Hall. They have been more than once engraved, and are said to have been found in digging for the foundation of the Col- lege. The Hall is handsome and spacious, and adorned with some good portraits and paintings on glass of the two Found- ers. It stands on the south side of the first quadrangle; in NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 37 the centre of which is a statue of Cain and Abel, given by Dr. Clarke of All Souls. Through a passage on the left hand of the gate of the first quadrangle we enter the second, of which a cloister, with the Library over it, forms the east side ; the Chapel the south : these are more modern structures, and are supposed to have been built in 1667, conformably with a plan given by Sir Christopher Wren. The Library (a light pleasant room, ornamented with a most elegant ceiling, rebuilt by Wyat) contains a respectable collection of books, very commodiously arranged. The Cha- pel is distinguished by a neatness and simplicity becoming the house of God. If these may be considered as the parents of beauty, this edifice has very strong pretensions to it. The roof, which, being a frame of wood, is an admirable imitation of Gothic stone-work, and the altar, with its decorations, de- mand our attention. The east window, the gift of Principal Cawley, is enriched by painted glass, finely executed by Pear- son in 1776, from drawings made by the late celebrated Mr. Mortimer. In the Ante-chapel is an elegant monument to the memory of a late Principal, Dr. Shippen, whose uniform attention to the interests of his College are deservedly commemorated. The bust is supposed to give a striking resemblance of his countenance. An elegant house, connected with the Col- lege, and fronting the High-street, was erected in 1770 at a considerable expence, for the accommodation of the Prin- cipal. The foundation of this College is for a Principal, twenty Fellows, thirty-two Scholars, and fifteen Exhibitioners. The number of independent members at present on the books is about 100. Visitor. The Bishop of Lincoln. HERTFORD COLLEGE is situated opposite to the gate of the Public Schools, consist- ing of one court. The College was intended to be erected in d 3 38 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. the form of a quadrangle, to consist of four angles and four intermediate buildings ; each angle to consist of three stair- cases and fifteen single apartments ; every apartment to con- tain an outward room, a bed-place, and a study. Of these the south-east angle, and the Chapel in the south, the Prin- cipal’s lodgings in the east, the Hall in the north, and the Gate-way (with the Library over it) in the west, are already finished, agreeable to the plan of the Oxford Almanack for the year 1740. Hertford or Hart Hall, an ancient house of learning, was an appendant to Exeter College; but having received an en- dowment in part, was (at the request of Dr. Richard New- ton, then Principal, who endowed the senior Fellowships) incorporated Sept. 8, 1740. This College, according to its statutes, should consist of a Principal, two senior Fellows or Tutors, junior Fellows or Assistants, undergraduate Students, and four Scholars ; but for some years has had neither Principal nor members. Visitor. The Chancellor of the University. NEW COLLEGE. New College is situated east of the Schools and the Thea- tre, and is separated from Queen’s College only by a narrow lane. It is dedicated to St. Mary Winton, and has been called New College from its first foundation, being at that time highly regarded for its extent and grandeur. We enter this College by a portal, leading into the first court, which is a quadrangle of about 168 feet long, and 1211 broad. This court, as built at the foundation of the College, was low, with narrow arched transom windows, in the fashion of the times. But soon after the restoration of King Charles II. another story was added over the old building, and the windows altered to their present form. The magnificent Gothic building on the north side is the Chapel and the Hall; on the east the Library; on the south the Fellows’ apartments; and on the west the Warden’s lodgings, which NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 39 are large and commodious, furnished with some valuable portraits. In the north-west corner of the court is the entrance into the Chapel; by much the grandest in the University. The form of it is like that of Magdalen College, but larger. The Ante-chapel is supported by two beautiful staff-moulded pil- lars. This part is upwards of eighty feet long, and thirty-six broad. As the Painted Windows of this Chapel make one of its chief ornaments, it will not be improper to bestow on them a more particular description. Of those there are four distinct sorts. 1. All the windows of the Ante-chapel (the great one ex- cepted) are nearly, if not quite, as old as the Chapel itselff and contain the portraits of patriarchs, prophets, saints, martyrs, &c. to the number of 64, and 50 smaller above them ; curious for their antiquity, but for little else, being drawn without perspective, without the effect of light and shade, and ill-proportioned ; yet in these are some remains which shew the brilliancy of their colours, and some traces of simplicity and beauty; particularly in the heads of the female figures in the window on the right-hand of the entrance to the Chapel. 2. Of the second sort are the windows on the north side of the Chapel. These are done in the common modern style by Mr. Peckitt, of York. The three nearest the organ contain, in the lower range, the chief persons recorded in the Old Testa- ment, from Adam to Moses; in the upper, twelve of the Prophets. Mr. Rebecca gave the designs for these. The two other windows contain our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, and the twelve Apostles. 3. The third sort are on the south side of the Chapel. These were originally Flemish windows, and done (as it is re- ported) from designs given by some scholars of Reubens. Being brought out of Flanders, they came into the possession of Price, the son, whose skill in glass-painting is well known. Of him they were purchased by the gentlemen of the College, who also employed him to repair what injuries they had sus- tained, and to fit them for the places where they now stand, D 4 40 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. A. D. 1740. In each window are eight figures, of saints, martyrs, and prelates, with their respective symbols ; and for expression, colouring, and effect, they were esteemed equal, if not superior, to any painting executed on glass, till the ap- pearance of the fourth sort, of which we come now to speak. 4. The west window of the Ante-chapel. This great win- dow consists of seven compartments in the lower range, each near three feet wide and twelve high. In these stand seven allegorical figures, representing the four Cardinal and three Christian Virtues, in the manner following. Temperance, pouring water out of a larger vessel into a smaller one. Her common attribute, the bridle, lies at her feet. Fortitude, in armour; her hand resting on a broken column, which though half destroyed remains upright; her form robust, her look bold and resolute. A lion, her attend- ant, couches below her. Faith, standing firmly on both feet, and bearing a cross, the symbol of her belief ; her eyes and hand raised up to heaven. On the other side of the middle group (of which more hereafter) Hope, looking toward the same heaven, and spring- ing forward to it so eagerly, that her feet scarce touch the ground. Part of an anchor, her attribute, is seen in the corner of her compartment. Justice, looking with a steady and piercing eye through the dark shade which her arm casts over her face; in her left hand the steelyard, a kind of balance less cumbrous, if not less vulgar, than the scales, which are usually given her. Her right hand supports the sword. Prudence, beholding (as in a mirror) the actions and manners of others, for the purpose of regulating her own by observation thereon. Upon her right arm an arrow joined with a remora, the respective emblems of swiftness and slow- ness; Prudence being a medium between them. The middle group, mentioned above, represents Charity, and deserves particular notice for the expression of the figures. The fondling of the infant, the importunity of the boy, and NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 41 the placid affection of the girl, together with the divided at- tention of the mother, are distinctly and judiciously marked with a knowledge of character, for which the great artist who gave this design is so justly celebrated. Such are the figures which fill the lower compartments ; yet they are but a subordinate part to the superb work erected over them. In a space ten feet wide, and eighteen high, is represented the Nativity of Jesus Christ : a composition of thirteen human figures, besides some animals. 1. The blessed Virgin, whose attention is wholly engaged with her Infant. 2. A group of Angels descended into the stable, and kneeling around him. The face of the least of these exhibits an idea of youthful beauty that perhaps was never surpassed. 3. A company of shepherds, whose devotion and rude eagerness to behold him are strongly expressed. 4. St. Joseph, looking on the spectators, and pointing to the Child, as to the pro- mised seed , the expectation and hope of all nations. 5. In the clouds above, an Angel contemplating the mystery of the Cross; and near him a scroll, on which is written the original Greek of this text. Mysteries which the Angels themselves de- sire to look into. In this composition the painter has taken for his light that which is supposed to proceed from the body of the Infant ; herein imitating a famous picture now preserved in the Gal- lery at Dresden, and known by the name of the Notte of Cor- reggio*. This beautiful idea has often been adopted, but never so judiciously applied as in this instance ; where the substance on which the Infant is delineated being trans- parent, and the light actually passing through him, his body receives a higher glow, and gives to the whole an appearance of reality. The remaining parts of this grand design consist of groups of Shepherds and other persons, who are approaching the stable to pay their devotions to the new-born Saviour. Among these, the compartment next to the great picture on the south contains the portraits of the two artists, by whom this admirable work was executed; viz. Sir Joshua Reynolds, and A small copy of this picture is in the Collection at Christ Church. 42 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. Mr. Jervais : the portrait of the latter, who is represented as looking upwards, is esteemed a very fine and strong re- semblance. For this work, which was begun about the year 177G* finished cartoons were furnished by Sir Joshua Reynolds. These were copied by Mr. Jervais ; to whose skill the world is indebted for a new style of glass-painting, which in beauty and truth of representation exceeds all that have hitherto been seen, as much as the common productions excel the first rude attempts of the art. The choir is 100 feet long, 35 broad, and 65 high. As we enter the inner Chapel, the most striking object is the Altar-piece; which was restored in 1793 nearly to the same state that the Founder originally gave it. It consists of fifty niches, disposed in four ranges over the whole east end of the Chapel; ornamented with canopies, pinnacles, and tracery of the richest Gothic workmanship. These niches w’ere filled by the Founder with the figures of divine and holy personages ; but soon after the Reformation they were all taken away and destroyed, and the architecture itself much broken and defaced. Some remains however were still dis- cernible; and from these, by the skill and abilities of Mr. Wyat, the design of the present structure was made out and executed. By the same eminent architect the Chapel was new roofed, the choir enlarged in length and breadth, the seats decorated with canopies, and the organ-loft erected : this last is a most superb piece of Gothic architecture, raised over the entrance of the choir at the west end, and very fitly corresponding with the richness and beauty of the altar- piece. Over the communion-table, in the wall below the niches, are five compartments of marble sculpture in alto relievo, representing these subjects: 1. The Salutation of the Virgin Mary. 2. The Nativity of Jesus Christ. 3. The Taking down from the Cross. 4. The Resurrection. 5. The Ascension. These were all finished by that excellent artist, Mr. Westmacott: the table or altar itself is likewise fur- nished by him; it is 12 feet long, and 3 broad, and is com- posed of dove-coloured marble. Op the north side of the Chapel is deposited the Crosier of NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 43 the Founder, a well preserved piece of antiquity, and almost the only one in the kingdom. It is near seven feet high, is of silver gilt, finely embellished with a variety of rich Gothic architecture. Here is an admirable Organ built by Dalbam, and since improved by Mr. Green. Cathedral service is performed here twice every day, viz. at eight and six. Adjoining to the Chapel are the cloisters, which inclose an area of an hundred and thirty feet in length, and eighty-five in breadth, and which are well worth the attention of the antiquary. On the north side of the cloisters is a tower with a peal of ten bells. The Hall is at the north-east corner of the quadrangle. It is handsomely wainscotted, and adorned with the portraits of the Founder, William of Wykeham ; William of Waynflete, the Founder of Magdalen College, who was School-master of Winchester College in the time of Henry VI.; Archbishop Chichele, the Founder of All Souls, a Fellow of this College in Wykeham’s life-time; and over the screen is an original painting of the celebrated Annibal Caracci, presented to this College by the Earl of Radnor. The subject of this piece is the Shepherds coming to Christ immediately after his Na- tivity. The Virgin, Angels, and Shepherds are represented as jointly celebrating the Nativity in the divine hymn of after contributing li- berally to the buildings which were then carrying on at Christ Church, Queens’, Worcester, and All Souls Colleges, and to the finishing of All Saints Church, settled by way of a rent-? charge, free from all deductions whatsover, issuing out of his manors in Northumberland and Durham, twelve Exhibitions of 201. per annum each, for Commoners of this College, whom he would have to be the sons of Gentlemen ; and made a considerable augmentation to the annual stipends of the Rector, Fellows, Scholars, Bible-Clerk, and the Chap- lains of the four appropriated Churches. The last benefactors were, Dr. Marshal, Rector, and the late Dr. Richard Hutchins, Rector, who died in 1781, and augmented the incomes of the Scholars and Exhibitioners. 60 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. The members of this College are, a Rector, twelve Fellows, a Bible-Clerk, thirteen Exhibitioners, and eight Scholars. Visitor. The Bishop of Lincoln. ORIEL COLLEGE. College is situated between St. Mary’s Church on the north, Corpus Christi College on the south, and Christ Church on the west : the entrance is on the west. It chiefly consists of one regular, uniform, and well-built quadrangle : on the north side whereof are the Provost’s Lodgings; on the east the Hall, and the entrance into the Chapel, which runs eastward from thence ; and on the south and west sides are the chambers of the Fellows and other Students. Opposite to the great gate we ascend by a large flight of steps, having a portico over them, to the Hall; which is a well-proportioned room, handsomely wainscotted, with a Doric entablature, and adorned with three whole-length por- traits, viz. in the middle, at the upper end, a very fine one of King Edward II. enthroned with his regalia, by Hudson; on liis right hand, that of Queen Anne, by Dahl; and on his left, one of the late Duke of Beaufort, in his Parliament robes, having a Negro servant bearing his coronet, by Soldi. The Chapel, built in 1642, has that beauty which is derived from a decent simplicity. The large east window, the Wise Men’s Offering, which was placed here in 1767, the donation of the Duke of Beaufort, Lord Wenman, and Lord Leigh, was painted by Mr. Peckitt, from a design by the late Dr. Wall. . Through a passage on the north side we enter the Garden Court, at the end of which is the College Library, an elegant modern building, designed by Wyat, in which are placed the late Lord Leigh’s library, given to the Society. On either hand is a wing of a new building, in a style conformable to the quadrangle. That on the right was built in 1710, at the expence of Dr. Robinson, Bishop of London ; and that on the left in 1729, by Dr. Carter, late Provost. This College was founded by King Edward II. on petition of Adam de Brome, his almoner, anno 1324, who was the first NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 61 Provost. King Edward III. gave the large messuage of Le Oriel, situate in St. John’s parish, by which name the Col- lege was afterwards called, and from whence it has been fre- quently held to be a royal foundation. He likewise gave the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, near Oxford, with the lands thereunto belonging. Other benefactors were, John Frank, Master of the Rolls in the reign of Henry VI. who gave 10001. to this College to purchase lands for the maintenance of four Fellows; John Carpenter, formerly Provost, and afterwards Bishop of Wor- cester ; William Smith, Bishop of Lincoln ; and Dr. Richard Dudley, some time Fellow, and afterwards Chancellor of the Church of Sarum, who gave the College the manor of Swains- wick in Somersetshire, for the maintenance of two Fellows and six Exhibitioners. Dr. John Tolson, who was Provost in 1640, gave 11501. toward the buildings of the quadrangle, besides other considerable donations. Queen Anne annexed a prebend of Rochester to the Provostship for ever. Dr. Ro- binson, Bishop of London, besides the new building, gave 25001. to augment the Fellowships, and to found three Exhi- bitions. Dr. Carter not only left money for the erection of the opposite wing, but also for the purchase of livings for the benefit of the Provost and Fellows. And the Duke of Beau- fort, who died in 1745, gave 1001. per annum for four Exhi- bitioners. The present members are a Provost, eighteen Fellows, and thirteen Exhibitioners ; the whole number of Students about 140. Visitor. The Lord Chancellor. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. CORPUS CHRISTI College stands between Christ Church on the west, Merton College on the east, and Oriel College on the north. It consists of one quadrangle, built in the Founder’s time, but not embattled within till about the latter end of the reign of James I. In length it is 101 feet, by 80 wide. Towards Christ Church walk, an elegant modern building. 62 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 119 feet in front, with an arcade adjoining, was erected in 1706 at the sole expence of Dr. Turner, President; who also added to the lodgings, and bequeathed his collection of books to the Library. Its simplicity and beauty are very striking. The pediment is supported by four plain Ionic pilasters ; the windows are unornamented, and the base judiciously not rustic. On the east side towards Merton Grove a handsome struc- ture was built in 1737? for the residence of Gentlemen Com- moners, whose number the Founder has confined to six. And soon after the north and west fronts of the first court were rebuilt, chiefly at the expence of some members of the Society. By similar means the Hall was embellished with a hand- some oak wainscot in 1700 : it is 50 feet long, and 25 broad, and of a proportionable height, with beautiful Gothic rafters. The Cylindrical Dial in the quadrangle is set at right angles with the horizon, the common sections whereof, with the hour circles, except the meridian circle that divides it by the axis, as also the equinoctial, are all ellipses. On the column is a perpetual Calendar. This curious old piece of Gnomonics was constructed in 1605, by Charles Turnbull, A. M. and Fellow : of which a MS. account is preserved in the Archives. The Chapel is 70 feet in length, and 25 in breadth. In 1676 it was adorned with a floor of black and white marble, new stalls, a screen of cedar wood, and a roof wainscotted and gilt. The Altar-piece is a very capital picture by Reu- bens, consisting of five figures as large as life, and an infant Saviour. It came from the collection of the Prince of Conde at Chantilly, who gave 3000 louis d’or for it. The late Sir Richard Worsley, Bart, formerly a member of this Society, presented it in 1804, when the former Altar-piece, a copy of Guido’s Annunciation, was removed to Balden church, near Nuneham. The Library is well furnished with books, particularly a large collection of Tracts from the Reformation to the Revo- lution : about 300 MSS. a curious one of Suidas, which seems to have once belonged to William Grocyn, that celebrated scholar and teacher of the Greek language in this University NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 63 towards the close of the 15th century, as his name is written on the cover of both volumes ; the MS. collections of the antiquarians, Brian Twyne and Fulman ; an English Bible, supposed to be older than WicklifFe’s : a Parchment Roll containing the pedigree of the Royal Family, and the several branches of it, from King Alfred to King Edward VI. with their arms blazoned, signed by the King at Arms ; and seve- ral other curiosities, particularly an ancient MS. History of the Bible in French, finely decorated with curious painting, given by General Oglethorpe, who was a member of this Col- lege ; and also a very valuable collection of the earliest edi- tions of the Classics, particularly of the Aldine, many of which belonged to the Founder, and are well preserved. Among the most curious are Cicero de Officiis on vellum, 1466; the Florentine Anthologia, Euripides, Apollonius Rhodius in capital letters; and a vellum copy of the splendid edition of Aristotle and Theophrastus, from the press of Aldus. They shew here also the genuine Crosier of the Founder, a piece of curious workmanship, little impaired by time. This College was founded in the year 1516, by Dr. Richard Fox, a native of Ropesley, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, who was successively Bishop of the sees of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester, and was likewise Lord Privy Seal to Kings Henry VII. and VIII. He first intended it only as a seminary for the Monks of the priory or Cathe- dral Church of St. Swithin at Winchester, and obtained a charter for that end; but altered his mind by the persuasion of Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, who engaged to be a benefactor to the House, on condition that he would convert it into a College for the use of secular students, after the manner of other Colleges in the University. Whereupon Bishop Fox caused the first charter to be cancelled, and ob- tained another, whereby he was permitted to found a College for the study of Divinity, Philosophy, and other liberal Arts. The statutes for the government of this Society ordain, that the Fellows should be elected out of the Scholars, who are to be chosen from the counties or dioceses following, viz. two Surrey, three Hampshire, one Durham, two Bath and NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. M Wells, two Exeter, two county of Lincoln, two Gloucester- shire, one Wiltshire, or (in defect of a candidate) the diocese of Sarum, one county of Bedford, two county of Kent, one county of Oxford, one Lancashire. Among the benefactors was Hugh Oldham, Chaplain to Margaret Countess of Richmond, and afterwards Bishop of Exeter, who gave 6000 marks towards erecting the College, besides several estates for the endowment of it. William Frost, Steward to the Founder; John Claymond, the first President of this College ; and Robert Morwent, se- cond President, gave to the College several portions of lands. Arthur Parsons, M. D. some time Fellow, gave 30001. towards purchasing Advowsons. The endowment of the College, according to Tanner in his Not. Mon. amounted 26 Henry VIII. anno 1534, to the yearly value of 3821. 8s. 9d. The present members of this Society are, a President, twenty Fellows, two Chaplains, twenty Scholars, four Exhi- bitioners, and six Gentlemen Commoners. Visitor. The Bishop of Winchester. MERTON COLLEGE. Merton College is situated east of Corpus Christi, from which it is separated by a small grove of elms, and consists of three courts. The largest or inner court is 1 10 feet long, and 100 broad, and was erected in 1610, from the apartments of which on the south there is a pleasant prospect over the meadows. The Terrace in the gardens, formed on the city wall, is no less well situated for a prospect. The Chapel, built in 1424, at the west end of the first court, is likewise the Parish Church of St. John Baptist. It is one of the largest, most ancient, and best proportioned Gothic structures in the University, 100 feet in length and 30 in breadth, and has a very capacious Tower and Ante-chapel. But large as it is at present, it has been thought from its whole appearance, and from the form and manner of the arches closed up in the wall of the west end, on each hand of the great window, to have been built with a view to a farther NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 65 addition of a nave and side ailes, the present building being no more than the choir and transept. In the Chapel are the monuments of Sir Thomas Bodley, Sir Henry Savile, Bishop Earle, and some others. In the Ante-chapel, by the north-door, is that of Mr. Antony Wood, the famous antiquary. And near the entrance into the Chapel is a very neat, though small one, of the late Warden, Dr. Wyntle. In the Hall, to which we ascend by a flight of steps, is a well imagined picture, by the late Dr. Wall, representing the expulsion of idle monks to make room for the liberal educa- tion of youth, designed by the Founder. The Library, supposed to be the oldest in England, and built in 1369, is in the small old quadrangle, south of the Chapel, and is well furnished with ancient and modem books, and some manuscripts. This Society, consisting of a Warden and about the same number of Scholars or Fellows as at present, was first placed at Maldon in Surrey, (but with a provision for the abode and residence of the chief part of them here in Oxford,) anno 1264, the 48th year of King Henry III. by Walter de Merton, some time Lord Chancellor of England. The instrument of endowment, with the statutes under the broad seal, the Founder’s, the Bishop of the diocese’s, and that of his Chap- ter, are at this time in the College Treasury, and deemed to be the first charter of the kind in Europe. The statutes were finally established under the broad seal and his own, anno 1274, the second of the reign of King Edward I. Such was the original of this ancient Society, by these charters, above five hundred years since, incorporated, and endowed with almost all the lands they at this time possess, and provided with the same statutes by which, without any alteration or addition, they are now governed. These, by the recourse had to them, were of much use to the after foundations, both here and in Cambridge. And with so much prudence was this College founded, that King Edward the First recommended it to Hugh de Balsam, Bi-r shop of Ely, as a model for his intended munificence in Cam- bridge, according to which Peter-House, the first College, F ■ 66' NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. was afterwards erected in that University. And farther it is said of the Founder of Merton College, that, though in reality he was the Founder of only one, by example he was the Founder of all other Colleges. The Post-masters in this house are of a distinct and dif- ferent foundation, which took place about an hundred years after the other. The number, and their revenues, have been since increased by several benefactors. Besides the Post-masters, there are now four other Scho- lars of the foundation of Mr. Henry Jackson, formerly of this College, which commenced in 1753. In the election of a Warden, the Fellows choose three per- sons, whom they present to their Visitor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who appoints one of them. The present members are, a Warden, twenty-four Fellows, fourteen Post-masters, Mr. Jackson’s four Scholars, two Chaplains, and two Clerks : the whole number of Students of all sorts being about 120. Visitor. The Archbishop of Canterbury. CHRIST CHURCH. This Church and College merits the particular observa- tion of strangers. It consists of four Courts or Squares, viz. 1. The Great Quadrangle; 2. Peckwater Square; 3. Canter- bury Court ; 4. The Chaplains’ Court ; and some other build ings. The stately west front of the great Quadrangle is a magni- ficent Gothic building, 382 feet in length, terminated at each end with two corresponding turrets. The great gate is in the middle of this front, and over it a beautiful Tower, enriched with Gothic ornaments, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, erected by Dr. Fell, and perfectly corresponding to the taste of the rest of the buildings. In this Tower hangs the great Bell called Tom, (the weight of which is eight tons and a half,) on the sound of which the Scholars of the University are to retire to their respective Colleges. The greatness of the proportions in the front, and the magnificence of the wfiole, raise the admiration of every spectator, and help him NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. G7 ’to form an idea of the great mind of Cardinal Wolsey. In this Quadrangle are the statues of Queen Anne, Cardinal Wolsey, and Bishop Fell ; that of the Cardinal in the south- east corner is justly admired as an excellent piece of work- manship. The great Quadrangle is 264 by 26T feet in the clear. The Hall takes up more than half the south side ; we ascend to it by a spacious and stately Stair-case of stone, covered by a beautiful roof, and supported by a small single pillar of fine proportion. The Stair-case and Lobby, and the entrance into the Hall, have lately been altered at a considerable ex- pence, under the direction of Mr. Wyat, with a view of ren- dering them more conformable to the rest of the building. This building is considerably elevated, and the whole finished with a balustrade of stone. The south, east, and part of the west sides, with the magnificent Kitchen to the south of the Hall, were erected by the Cardinal. The east and north sides of this Quadrangle are taken up with the Dean’s and four of the Canons’ Lodgings. In the year 1638, the North Side of the grand Quadrangle was begun. On the Restoration, this part of the building was resumed, by the direction and encouragement of Dr. Fell, then Dean of the College; and finished anno 1665, when the spacious Terrace-walk was made, with the Bason, Fountain, and statue of Mercury in the centre. The Hall is by far the most magnificent room of the kind in Oxford, and perhaps one of the largest in the kingdom. The roof is framed of timber curiously wrought, and so con- trived as to produce a very grand and noble effect. There are near 300 compartments in the cornice, which are embellished with as many coats of arms, carved and blazoned in their proper colours. At the upper end of the Hall there is an ascent of three steps, which run through the whole breadth ; near which is a beautiful Gothic window in a recess, which demands the attention of the curious. This superb room is beautified, and improved, by complet- ing and painting the wainscot and roof, and the addition of a great number of portraits of eminent persons, who were F 2 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORI>. GS educated at the College, which are disposed in the following manner. Over the High Table . Ellis, Bishop of Kildare. Corbet, Bishop of Norwich. HENRY VIII. a full length. BUST of GEORGE III. King, Bp. I Duppa, Bp. I Cardinal [ Queen f Fell, Bp. 1 Morley, Bp. of Lond. I of Winton. j Wolsey. j Eliz. | of Oxon. | of Winton. King, Bradshaw, Smallridge, | Boulter, j Dr. Aldrich. Bp. of Bp. of Bp. of 1 Abp. of I London. Bristol. Bristol. | Armagh, j Dr. Atterbury. On the South Side , beginning at the upper End. Totter, Abp. of Canterbury. Moore, Abp. of Canterbury. Trevor, Bp. of Durham. Barrington, Bp. of Durham. Tcfnner, Bp. of St. Asaph. William Stratford, D. D. Canon of Ch. Ch. Dr. Busby, Master of Westminster School. Mr. Locke. Sir G. Dolben, Bart. King, Bp. of Chichester. Morton, Bp. of Meath. Over the Chimney. A Bust of George II. Benson, Bp. of Gloucester. Wake, Abp. of Canterbury. Este, Bp. of Waterford. The Window. Markham, Abp. of York. Bagot, Bp. of St. Asaph. Over these , beginning at the lower End. Godwin, Bp. of Bath and Wells. Howson, Bp. of Durham. Heton, Bp. of Ely. Peers, Abp. of York. Westfaling, Bp. of Hereford. Sanderson, Bp. of Lincoln. On the North Side , beginning at the upper End. Compton, Bp. of London. Dolben, Abp. of York. Sir J. Trelawney, Bp. of Winton. Wood, Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry, Drummond, Abp. of York. Over the Chimney. A Bust of George I. Blackbourn, Abp. of York. Hooper, Bp. of Bath and Wells. John Freind, M. D. Gilbert, Abp. of York. Cox, Abp. of Cashel. Clavering, Bp. of Peterborough. Edward, Earl of Oxford. Sir J. Dolben, Preb. of Durham. A. Alsop, B. D. Gastrel, Bp. of Chester. Sir F. Barnard, Bart. J. Parsons, M. D. T. Burton, D. D. Dr. Sprat, Archd. of Rochester. Hickman, Bp. of Londonderry. J. Pelling, D. D. R. Frewin, M. D. Over these , beginning at the upper End. Griffith, Bp. of St. Asaph. Smith, Bp, of Gloucester. James, Bp. of Durham. Ravis, Bp. of London. Bancroft, Bp. of Oxford. Mathew, Abp. of York- Godwin, Bp. of Hereford. At the lower End of the Hall. The Duke of Portland. Mr. I Sir Dudley Carlton. I Sir Henry Bennet. I Hon. Devisme. J Ld. Vis. Doichester. } Earl of Arlington. | G. Grenville. NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 69 William Lord Mansfield. Earl of Orrery. Sir A. I Lord j Robinson, I Agar, Abp. I Lord I Cleaver, M’Donald, Knt. j Grenville. J Abp. Armagh. | Cashel. I Auckland.] Bp. Femes. The Church of this College, which is the Cathedral of the diocese, is on the east of the grand quadrangle, a venerable structure, originally the Church of St. Frideswide’s Monas- tery; on or near the site of which the College is erected. It was finished before the year 1200. The roof of the Choir is a beautiful piece of stone-work, put up by Cardinal Wolsey, who also rebuilt the Spire. The east window was painted by Mr. Price, senior, of London, after a design of Sir James Thornhill, representing the Epiphany. In the Dormitory, which is an aile on the north side of the Choir, is the tomb of St. Frideswide, who died A. D. 739. At the north corner of the west end is a window curiously painted, representing St. Peter delivered out of Prison by the Angel : beside the principal figures, there are a considerable number of Roman soldiers in various sleeping attitudes, admirably well drawn : and, though a very small portion of the glass is stained, the colours are brilliant, and the whole appears very lively. It was painted by J. Oliver, in his eighteenth year, and given by him to the College in the year 1700 . In this and other parts of the Church are some monuments, no less remarkable for their elegant inscriptions than their beautiful structure. In the aile, south of the choir, is a good portrait in the first window of Robert King, who was the last Abbot of Oseney, and the first Bishop of Oxford. In the Tower are ten celebrated bells, brought from Oseney Abbey, as was the great bell called Tom, before mentioned. In this Church Choir Service is performed every day at ten and half past three, except on Sundays and Holidays, when it is at eight in the morning. Three sides of Peckwater Court are uniform, designed by Dr. Aldrich, then Dean, as eminent for his skill in archi- F 3 Lord. Mendip. Small- well, Bp. Oxon. David Ld. Mansfield. Sir John Stone, Skynner, Abp. Kt. Armagh. 70 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. tecture as for his knowledge in most other branches. Each side contains 15 windows in the front. The lower story is rustic, in which are three entrances. The second story, and the attic above it, are contained in the height of the Ionic order, which rests upon the rustic. Over the five middle windows in each side is a beautiful pediment, which projects, supported by three-quarter columns of the same order, as the entablature and balustrade of the other parts are by pilasters. — On the fourth side of this Court is a magnificent Library, 141 feet long, built in the Corinthian order, the pillars of which are four feet in diameter. Underneath was intended a piazza opening to the square, with seven arches, and an ascent of three steps running the whole length of the build- ing. This design has been since altered, for the more con- venient reception of the great collection of books belonging to the College. The wainscotting, book-cases, and stucco work, as well on the staircase as in the rooms of the Library, are very highly finished, particularly the beautiful festoons in stucco, charged with symbolical imagery, severally represent- ing the particular branch of literature contained beneath. At each end are marble busts, one of Dr. Boulter, late Primate of Ireland; the other of Dr. Freind, late Master of West- minster School. In the lower apartments, both to the right and left, are deposited the celebrated collection of Pictures given to the College by General Guise; among which are some from the collection of King Charles I. A portrait by Titian. The Flight into Egypt, by Guido Reni. The Fa- mily of the Caracci’s represented in a Butcher’s Shop, the most celebrated performance of Annibal Caracci. Two Nati- vities, by Titian. Jesus and St.John embracing, by Raphael. A Nativity, by Raphael. The Fable of Erichthonius delivered to the Nymphs to be educated, by Salvator Rosa. Venus and Cupid, by Titian. St. Francis in a vision, supported by Angels, by Annibal Caracci. An Ecce Homo, by Ludovico Caracci. A Medusa’s Head, by Rubens. The Pale of an Altar, with figures larger than the life, by Corregio. Two half-lengths of Women, by Domenichino. In the lower room also, on the right hand, is a bust of NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 71 General Guise over the door : and on the left is one of the Hon. and Rev. Dr. Trevor, late Bishop of Durham ; and in the entrance to the staircase are busts of the late eminent Physicians, Drs. Frewin and Lee. Fronting the staircase is an elegant statue of Dr. Robinson, the late Primate of Ire- land; and upon a pedestal, in the recess on the north side of the upper apartment, is an admirable statue of Mr. Locke, formerly Student of this House, by Roubilliac. Canterbury Court, once Canterbury College, is now most elegantly rebuilt, from a plan suitable to Peckwater, with a superb gateway, under the direction of Mr. Wyat, by the mu- nificence of Dr. Robinson, late Primate of Ireland, and other Benefactors. The Chaplains’ Court is situated south-east of the grand quadrangle, on the north side whereof is a large building of new chambers ; the walls of which was the Hall or Refectory of St. Frideswide’s Priory. The Court of the Grammar School is south of the great quadrangle, having the Hall on the north side of it: under part of the Hall is the spacious Common Room, in which is an excellent bust, by Rysbrack, of Dr. Busby, formerly Mas- ter of Westminster School ; and a considerable Benefactor to the College. Round the room are the pictures of several of the Masters of the same School, and other eminent members of the Society. On the south side is the new Anatomical Theatre, erected and endowed by the late Dr. Lee, Physician to King George II. at the expence of 20,0001. with a proper stipend to the Lecturer, &c. In it is a fine collection of ana- tomical preparations and injections. The Wide Gravel Walk, shaded on each side with elms, deserves our notice, being a quarter of a mile in length, and of a proportionable breadth. It commands a sight of Lord Harcourt’s seat, a pleasant prospect of the Meadows, the Thames, and some adjacent villages. This College was founded by Cardinal Wolsey, upon the place where formerly stood the Priory of St. Frideswide, which, and several other religious foundations, were dissolved, in order to endow the new College intended by the Cardinal. f 4 72 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. The design was far from being completed at the time of the Cardinal's disgrace, little more being built than the east, south, and part of the west sides of the great quadrangle, and the Kitchen. And as to the foundation itself, whatever it might be at that time, it is certain it was afterwards lessened, and the form of it altered two or three times by the King. The disgrace of the Cardinal happened in the year 1529, when the King seized upon this College, as well as the other estates belonging to the Cardinal. In the year 1532, at the instance of Lord Cromwell, the King new-modelled the foun- dation, and gave it the name of King Henry the Eighth's Col- lege. This was suppressed in 1545, and in the year following the Episcopal see was removed from Oseney to this College, and the Church of St. Frideswide constituted a Cathedral, by the name of Christ’s Church. This foundation has continued in the same form ever since. It consists of a Dean, eight canons, 101 Students, part of which are elected annually from Westminster School ; and the other vacancies, as they happen, are filled up by the Dean and Canons; eight Chaplains, eight Singing-Men, and as many Choristers, a Schoolmaster, an Organist, &c. Since the time of Queen Elizabeth, this College has largely expe- rienced the bounty of several benefactors, particularly Bishop Fell, who left ten Exhibitions of 101. per ann. to Commoners, to be held for ten years from the time they were nominated to them. The 101st Studentship was added by William Thurston, Esq. 1663. Several Exhibitions were given by Lady Holford, for Scholars educated at the Charter-House, and more by other benefactors. Visitor. The Kino. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. Pembroke College, so called from the Earl of Pem- broke, Chancellor of the University at the time it was founded, is situated near St. Aldate’s Church, in a direct line from the grand Gate of Christ Church, and consists of two small courts. The quadrangle is uniform, having the Hall at NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 73 the north-west angle, in which are pictures of the Founders and some Benefactors, and a Bust of Dr. Johnson, by Bacon. The chapel is a small, elegant building, of the Ionic order, with a beautiful Altar-piece, a copy, by Cranke, from Ru- bens’s picture at Antwerp of our Saviour after his Resurrec- tion. In the Garden, which is west of the Chapel, is a plea- sant Common Room, and a Terrace-walk. The Master’s Lodgings, which join to the College on the north, is a mo- dern edifice. This College, formerly Broadgate Hall, was founded anno 1620, by Thomas Tesdale, of Glympton, Esq. and Richard Whitwick, S. T. B. Rector of Ilsley, Berks, for a Master, ten Fellows, and ten Scholars. Four of Mr. Tesdale’s Fellows to be chosen out of his relations, and the rest to come from Abingdon Free-School. As to Mr. Whitwick’s benefaction, two of the Fellows and two Scholars to be of his kindred, and the rest from Abing- don School. King Charles 1. granted to this Society the perpetual ad- vowson of St. Aldate’s Church, and certain lands for the maintenance of one Fellow, to be chosen for Guernsey or Jersey. Archbishop Abbot, Juliana Stafford, and Francis Rous, were the next Benefactors ; and Dr. George Morley, Bishop of Winchester, founded five Scholarships for the natives of Guernsey and Jersey. Queen Anne annexed a Prebend of Gloucester to the Mas- tership. Lady Holford gave two Exhibitions of 201. a year each ; Dr. Hall, Master of this College, and Bishop of Bris- tol, built the Master’s Lodgings ; Sir John Bennet, Lord Os- sulstone, endowed two Fellowships and Scholarships; Mr. Townshend gave eight Exhibitions to young Scholars from Gloucestershire ; and Sir John Philips, Bart, in 1749, founded one Fellowship and one Scholarship. The present members are, a Master, fourteen Fellows, thirty Scholars and Exhibitioners ; the whole number of Stu- dents usually about 70 . Visitor. The Chancellor of the University. 74 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. HALLS. Five Halls or Academical Houses, not incorporated, are still remaining. Originally the Students lived chiefly in Halls or Hotels, where Professors and Tutors resided. But when the Colleges were founded, and still more when the Reforma- tion took place, the liberal education now in use brought the Students to the more convenient accommodation in Col- leges. These Societies are not endowed, though they have had considerable benefactions, which are dispensed to the Students in Exhibitions, which they enjoy for a stated time. They are under the government of their respective Principals, whose incomes arise from the room-rent of the chambers. The Students take an oath to obey the statutes and customs of the Hall, which statutes are made and altered by the Chan- cellor, who has the nomination of the Principals, and is Vi- sitor of all the Halls, except St. Edmund Hall, which is de- pendant on Queen’s College, and the Principal appointed by that Society. ST. ALBAN HALL. I. St. Alban Hall, which is in St. John’s parish, adjoins to Merton College on the east. It had its name from Robert de St. Alban, a citizen of Oxford, who conveyed the premises to the Abbey of Littlemore. Of this Hall were Archbishop Marsh ; Dr. Lam pi ugh. Archbishop of York ; Benedict Barn- ham, Alderman of London, who built the front of the Hall as it is at present; and William Lenthall, Speaker of the Long Parliament. ST. EDMUND HALL. II. St. Edmund Hall is opposite to the east side of Queen’s, on which College it is dependant, and has about forty Students. The buildings were completed, and other considerable improvements made, while the late Dr. Shaw, that eminent traveller, was Principal. Of this Hall were Dr. John Mill, who published the Greek Testament, printed at NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 75 the Theatre; and Thomas Hearne, M.A. that diligent An- tiquary. NEW INN HALL. III. New Inn Hall stands at the west end of the city, near the Church of St. Peter in the Bailey. It was formerly called Trillock's Inn, from John Trillock, Bishop of Here- ford, who built it in the year 1349. Opposite this Hall is the gateway of a College of Monks of the Augustine order, in which Erasmus resided two years. He left an elegant Latin Poem on his manner of living there. ST. MARY HALL. IV. St. Mary Hall is situated north of Oriel College, near the High-street. It consists of one quadrangle, formed by the Principal's Lodgings on the north, the Hall and Cha- pel on the south, and on the east and west by the Chambers of the Students. * This Hall was erected by King Edward II. Some Exhibi- tions have been given to assist the Students in the prosecu- tion of their studies. Several eminent men have resided and been educated here, viz. Cardinal Allen, Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor Hat- ton, Erasmus, Mr. Sandys the celebrated English poet and traveller, &c. The buildings of this Society received considerable im- provements in the last century, the east side having been en- tirely rebuilt by the contributions of several Noblemen and Gentlemen educated here; and the south side of the qua- drangle has been lately raised and finished by benefactions from Dr. Nowell, the late Principal, and other members of the Society. The number of Students is about 60. MAGDALEN HALL. V. Magdalen Hall is adjoining to the west side of Mag- dalen College, to which it is an appendant. The number of Exhibitions given to this Hall supplies it with many mem- bers. It was erected by William Waynflete, the Founder of 76 NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. Magdalen College, and has a large Grammar School joined to it, intended as a nursery for Magdalen College. The num- ber of Students is generally about 70. OXFORD TERMS. Hilary Term begins January 14. Ends on Saturday before Palm- Sunday. Easter Term begins on Wednesday after Low Sunday Ends on Sa- turday before Whitsunday. Act Term begins on Wednesday after Whitsunday Ends on Satur- day after Act Sunday. Michaelmas Term begins Oct. 10. — — Ends Dec. 17. THE LATE AND PRESENT GOVERNORS OF THE respective COLLEGES AND HALLS. Late and present Presidents of Magdalen College’,, 1768. George Horne , D. D. 1791. Martin Jos. Routh, D. D. Late and present Masters of University College, 1764. Nathan Wetherell , D.D. 1808. James Griffith, D.D. Late and present Provosts of Queen’s College. 1767* Thomas Fothergill, D.D. 1797. Septimus Collinson, D.D. Late and present Wardens of Ail Souls College. 1767. Right Honourable Lord Tracy, D.D. 1793. Edmund Isham, D. D. Late and present Principals of Brazen-nose College. 1785. William Cleaver, D.D. 1809. Frodsham Hodson, D.D. Late and present Principals of Hertford College. 1775. Bernard Hodgson, LL. D. Late and present Wardens of New College. 1768. John Oglander, D. D. 1794. Samuel Gauntlett, D.D. Late and present Wardens of Wadham College. 1783. John Wills, D.D. 1806. William Tournay, D.D. Late and present Presidents of Trinity College. 1776. Joseph Chapman, D.D. 1808. Thomas Lee, D.D. Late and present Masters of Balliol College. 1785. John Davey, D. D. 1 798. John Parsons, D.D. Late and present Presidents of St. John’s College. 177^* Samuel Dennis, D. D. 1795. Michael Marlow, D.D. ( 78 ) Late and present Provosts of Worcester College. 1777* William Sheffield, D. D. 1795. Whittington Landon, D. D. Late and present Rectors of Exeter College. 1797. Henry Richards, D. D. 1808. John Cole, D. D. Late and present Principals of Jesus College. 1768. Joseph Hoare, D. D. 1802. David Hughes, D.D. Late and present Rectors of Lincoln College. 1784. John Horner, D.D. 1792. Edward Tatham, D.D. Late and present Provosts of Oriel College. 1781. John Eveleigh, D. D. 1814. Edward Copleston, D.D. Late and present Presidents of Corpus Christi College* 1748. Thomas Randolph, D.D. 1783. John Cooke, D.D. Late and present Wardens of Merton College. 1790. Scrope Berdmore, D. D. 1810. Peter Vaughan, D.D. Late and present Deans of Christ Church. 1783. Cyril Jackson, D. D. 1809. Charles Henry Hall, D.D. Late and present Masters of Pembroke College. 1796. John Smith, D.D. 1800. George William Hall, D.D. Late and present Principals of Alban Hall. 1759. Francis Randolph, D.D. 1797. Thomas Winstanley, D. D. Late and present Principals of Edmund Hall. 1787. William Dowson , D. D. 1800. George Thompson, D.D. Late and present Principals of St. Mary Hall. 1801. Phineas Pett, D.D. 1816. John Dean, D. D. Late and present Principals of New Inn Hall. 1767* Robert Chambers, LL. B. 1803. James Blackstone, LL. D. Late and present Principals of Magdalen Hall. 1788. Henry Ford, LL. D. 1813. John David Macbride, LL. D. THE LATE AND PRESENT CHANCELLORS and VICE-CHANCELLORS, WITH THE PRESENT REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT, PROFESSORS, &c. CHANCELLORS. 1792. William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, Duke -of Portland. 1809. William Wyndham, Baron Grenville. HIGH STEWARDS. 1786. William Earl of Dartmouth . 1801. John Scott , Lord Eldon . VICE-CHANCELLORS. 1810. The Rev. John Cole, D. D. Rector of Exeter College. 1814. The Rev. Thomas Lee , D. D. President of Trinity College. Present Representatives in Parliament. The Right Hon. Sir William Scott, of Doctors Commons. The Right Hon. Charles Abbot, Palace Yard, Westminster. PROCTORS. Rev. Edmund Goodenough, M. A. Christ Church. Rev. Charles Wrottesley, M. A. All Souls College. Regius Professor of Divinity. William Van Mildert, D. D. Canon of Christ Church. Margaret Professor of Divinity. Rev. Sept . Collinson, D. D. Prov. of Queen’s College. Regius Professor of Hebrew. Rev. Richard Laurence, L.L.D. Canon of Christ Church. Regius Professor of Greek. Rev. Thomas Gaisford, M. A. Student of Christ Church. Regius Professor of Civil Law. Joseph Phillimore, LL. D. Student of Christ Church. Vinerian Professor of Common Law. James Blackstone, LL. D. of New Inn Hall. Regius Professor of Physic. Sir Christopher Pegge, M. D. of Christ Church. Professor of Modern History. Rev. Edward Nares, D. D. of Merton College. Savilian Professor of Astronomy. Rev. Abram Robertson , D. D. of Christ Church. Savilian Professor of Geometry. Stephen Peter Rigaud, ftL A. of Exeter College, ( 80 5 Professor of Natural Philosophy. Rev. George Cooke , M.A. of Corpus Christi College. Professor of History. Rev. Thomas Winstanley, JD. D. Principal of Alban Hall. Lord Litchfield’s Clinical Professor. Martin Wall, M.D. of New College. Aldrichian Professor of Physic. Robert Bourne, M. D. of Worcester College. Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry. John Kidd, M. D. of Christ Church. Aldrichian Professor of Anatomy. Sir Christopher Pegge, M.D. of Christ Church. Professor of Botany. George Williams, M. D. of Corpus Christi College. Archbishop Laud’s Professor of Arabic. Rev. Thomas Winstanley, D. D. Principal of St. Alban Hall. Lord Almoner’s Prselector in Arabic. John David Macbride, LL. D. Principal of Magdalen Hall. Professor of Poetry. Rev. John J. Conybeare, M.A. of Christ Church. Professor of Music. William Crotch, D. M. of St. Mary Hall. Public Orator. William Crowe, B. C. L. of New College. Radcliffe’s Librarian. George Williams, M. D. of Corpus Christi College. Registrar of the University. Rev. John Gutch, M.A. of All Souls College. Keeper of the Bodleian Library. Rev. Bulkeley Bandinel, M. A. of New College. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Thomas Dunbar, Esq. M.A. Brazen-nose College. Keeper of the Archives. Rev. James Ingram, B.D. Trinity College. University Officers. ^ . f Robert Hall, B. C. L. of Divinity. Inquire George Valentine Cox, M.A. Physic and Arts, e e s. ^ Tilleman Hodgkinson Bobart, of Law. v f Mr. George Kirtland, of Divinity. Yeomen 1 ^ j ohn Browne, G f Physic and Arts. Bedels. £ Mr William Tamm, of Law. Mr. William Goodenough Dodd, University CJierk. Mr. John Green, Divinity Clerk, and Virger. I \ \ \ '• «n* This day were published , Price 81. 8s. in boards, Very handsomely and closely printed in columns, royal 4to. VOL. T. AND II. OF ATHENE OXONIENSES: The History of all the Writers and Bishops who have had their Education in the University of Oxford, from the Year 1500. First written by ANTHONY A WOOD, M. A. OF MERTON COLLEGE ; And now very considerably augmented in Text and Notes by PHILIP BLISS, LL.B. FELLOW OF ST. JOHN’S COLLEGE, OXFORD. In the present republication of this very valuable body of Eng- lish Biography, every word of the two former Editions has been retained with the most exact fidelity, so that the curious Reader is no longer under the troublesome necessity of collating the Book as first published by the Author, with the subsequent Edition given to the world under the care of Bishop Tanner. Besides the Text of the two former Editions, the present con- tains a vast number of Notes by Bishops Humphreys, Kennet, Tanner, by Sir Philip Sydenham, Dr. Rawlinson, Messrs. Baker, Loveday, Macro, Morant, Peck, Wanley, Wh alley, and Watts, with several by the present Editor, and many of great value, which have been communicated by intelligent Collectors of the present day add to which, each Volume contains some few new Lives of Persons whose connection with the University had escaped the industrious inquiries of the Oxford Biographer. The two Volumes already before the public contain the Athene and Fasti Oxonienses from the year 1500 to 1640, and the remainder of the original work will be comprised in two more : it is then proposed to continue the Lives and Annals to the year 1800, adopting a plan similar to that pursued by the first Author. For this purpose very copious materials are already collected ; and it is earnestly requested that such Gen- tlemen as possess any curious and authentic Documents relative to the Oxford Writers, will have the kindness to communicate them to the Editor, who will on his part spare no exertions to render the work as perfect and interesting as possible. The Third Volume will be published in the Spring of 1817 ; more than half of it being already printed. Printed for Lackington and Co. : Longman and Co. j F. C. and J. Rivingtons ; Payne and Foss ; Cadell and Davies ; J. and A. Arch ; J. Mawman ; Black and Co. ; R. H. Evans ; Baldwin and Co. j J. Booth j Nichols and Co. ; London : — and J. Parker, Oxford.