m-'^ 
 
 
 ^^.^ 
 
 •#•
 
 t^ 
 
 CONFERENCE OF BISHOPS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ANGLICAN COMMUNION. 
 
 HOLDEN AT LAMBETH PALACE, 
 LN JULY 1888. 
 
 ClBttajcltcal fetter 
 
 FROM THE BISHOPS, 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 RESOLUTIONS AND REPORTS. 
 
 LONDON : 
 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C. ; 
 
 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. 
 
 BRIGHTON : 135, North Street. 
 1888.
 
 LONDON : 
 
 ^PRINTED BY PHIPPS AND CONNOR, TOTHILL STREET, 
 
 WESTMINSTER.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 I. — List of the Bishops attending the Conference ; arranged 
 according to date of Consecration ... page 
 
 IT. — List of the Bishops attending the Conference ; arranged 
 according to Provinces... ... ... page 
 
 in. — EncycHcal Letter from the Assembled Bishops page 
 
 IV. — Resolutions formally adopted by the Conference page 
 
 V. — Reports of Committees : — 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 (i) Intemperance ... ... ... page 31 
 
 (2) Purity ... ... ... ... page 39 
 
 (3) Divorce ... ... ... ... page 43 
 
 (4) Polygamy ... ... ... page 45 
 
 (5) Observance of Sunday ... ... page 48 
 
 (6) Socialism ... ... ... page 50 
 
 (7) Care of Emigrants ... ... page 58 
 
 (8) Mutual Relations of Dioceses and Branches of 
 
 the Anglican Communion ... page 69 
 
 (9) Home Reunion ... ... ... page 81 
 
 (10) Scandinavian Church, Old Catholics, &:c. page 90 
 
 (11) Eastern Churches... ... ... page 99 
 
 (12) Authoritative Standards of Doctrine 
 
 and Worship ... ... ... page 105

 
 LIST OF THE BISHOPS ATTENDING THE LAMBETH 
 CONFERENCE OF 1888. 
 
 [With the exception of Metropolitans and others entitled to special 
 precedence, the Bishops are arranged, in the following list, according to 
 the date of their consecration.! 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, 25th April, 1877. 
 Archbishop of York, 15th December, 1861. 
 Archbishop of Armagh, ist INIay, 1849. 
 Archbishop of Dublin, loth December, 1876. 
 
 Bishop of Guiana, 24th August, 1842. 
 Bishop of Fredericton, 4th May, 1845. 
 Bishop of Rupertsland, 24th June, 1865. 
 Bishop of Brechin, 28th October, 187 1. 
 Bishop of Capetown, 17th May, 1874. 
 Bishop of Calcutta, 30th November, 1876. 
 Bishop of Sydney, ist January, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of London, 21st December, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of Durham, 25th April, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of Winchester, 29th March, 1864. 
 
 Bishop Perry, 29th June, 1847. 
 
 Bishop of St. Andrew's, 25th January, 1853. 
 
 Bishop of Norwich,, nth June, 1857. 
 
 Bishop of Columbia, 24th February, 1859. 
 
 Bishop of Bangor, 14th June, 1859. 
 
 Bishop Tufnell, 14th June, 1859. 
 
 Bishop of Minnesota, 13th October, 1859. 
 
 Bishop of Antigua, 17th May, i860. 
 
 Bishop of Ontario, 25th IMarch, 1862. 
 
 Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, 25th March, 1863. 
 
 Bishop of Quehec, 21st June, 1863. 
 
 Bishop in The Niger Territory, 29th June, 1864. 
 
 Bishop Bromby, 29th June, 1864. 
 
 Bishop of Western New York, 4th January, 1865. 
 
 Bishop of Tennessee, nth October, 1865. 
 
 Bishop of Limerick, 29th June, 1866. 
 
 Bishop of Nelson, 24th August, 1866. 
 
 Bishop of Maine, 25th January, 1867. 
 
 Bishop of Missouri, ist May, 1867. 
 
 Bishop of St. Alban's, nth June, 1867. 
 
 Bishop of Moray and Ross, 25th August, 1867. 
 
 Bishop of Derry, 13th October, 1867. 
 
 Bishop of Hereford, 24th June, 1868. 
 
 Bishop of Peterborough, i5ih November, 1S68. 
 
 Bishop of Oregon, 3rd December, 1868. 
 
 Bishop of Maritzburg, 25th January, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of Albany, 2nd February, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of Auckland, 29th June, 1869.
 
 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 Bishop of Pennsylvania, 13th October, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of Carlisle, 30th November, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of Bath and Wells, 21st Decembei-, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of F'alkland Islands, 21st December, 1869. 
 
 Bishop of Arkansas, 25th January, 1870. 
 
 Bishop of Dover, 25th March, 1870. 
 
 Bishop of Chichester, 8th May, 1870. 
 
 Bishop of St. Asaph, 8th May, 1870. 
 
 Bishop Wilkinson, 8th May, 1870. 
 
 Bishop of Grahamstown, 30th November, 1870. 
 
 Bishop of Dunedin, 4th June, 1871. 
 
 Bishop of Honolulu, 2nd February, 1872. 
 
 Bishop of Cashel, 13th April, 1872. 
 
 Bishop of Trinidad, 29th June, 1872. 
 
 Bishop of Moosonee, 15th December, 1872. 
 
 Bishop of South Dakota, 9th January, 1873. 
 
 Bishop Mitchinson, 24th June, 1873. 
 
 Bishop of Massachusetts, 17th September, 1873. 
 
 Bishop of North Carolina, nth December, 1873. 
 
 Bishop of Colorado, 31st December, 1873. 
 
 Bishop of Gibraltar, ist February, 1874. 
 
 Bishop of St. David's, 24th August, 1874. 
 
 Bishop of Milwaukee, 25th October, 1874. 
 
 Bishop of New Jersey, 2nd February, 1875. 
 
 Bishop of Cork, 30th March, 1875. 
 
 Bishop of Chicago, 8th December, 1875. 
 
 Bishop of Colombo, 28th December, 1875. 
 
 Bishop of Bombay, ist May, 1876. 
 
 Bishop of Iowa, loth September, 1876. 
 
 Bishop of Manchester, '22nd October, 1876. 
 
 Bishop of Rochester, 25th June, 1877. 
 
 Bishop of Nottingham, ais't December, 1877. 
 
 Bishop of Waiapu, ist January, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of Pretoria, 2nd February, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of Newfoundland, ist May, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of Quincy, 15th May, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of Springfield, nth June, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of Lichfield, 24th June, 1878. 
 
 Bishop Cramer-Roberts, 24th June, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of North Queensland, 24th June, 1878.. 
 
 Bishop of Ossory, September, 1878. 
 
 Bishop of Toronto, ist May, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of Wakefield, 25th July, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of Travancore and Cochin, 25th July, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of Caledonia, 25th July, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of Michigan, 17th September, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of New Westminster, ist November, 1879. 
 
 Bishop of Newark, 8th January, 1880. 
 
 Bishop of Liverpool, nth June, 1880. 
 
 Bishop of Jamaica, 28th October, 1880. 
 
 Bishop in North China, 28th October, 1880. 
 
 Bishop in ^ululand, 30th November, 1880. 
 
 Bishop of Washington Territory, 15th December, 1880, 
 
 Bishop of Singapore and Sarawak, 26th May, 1881. 
 
 Bishop Coadjutor of Fredericton, loth July, 1881. 
 
 Bishop of Pittsburgh, 25th Januaiy, 1882. 
 
 Bishop of Rangoon, ist May, 1882. 
 
 Bishop of Barbados, ist May, 1882.
 
 LIST OF BISHOPS ATTENDING THE CONFERENCE. 3 
 
 Bishop of Colchester, 24th June, 1882. 
 
 Bishop of Algoma, 29th June, 1882. 
 
 Bishop of Newcastle, 25th July, 1882. 
 
 Bishop Coadjutor of Antigua, 27th July, 1882. 
 
 Bishop of Adelaide, 30th November, 1882. 
 
 Bishop of Mississippi, 24th February, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Sierra Leone, 24th February, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Llandaff, 25th April, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Truro, 25th April, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Aberdeen, ist May, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of St. John's, Kaffraria, 12th August, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Argyll and the Isles, 24th August, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Indiana, 14th October, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of New York, 20th October, 1883. 
 
 Bishop in Central Africa, 30th November, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Huron, 30th November, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of North Dakota, 20th December, 1883. 
 
 Bishop of Killaloe, 24th February, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of KiliMore, 25th April, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of Chester, 25th April, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of Southwell, ist iNIay, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of Qu'Appelle, 24th June, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of Ripon, 25th July, 1884. 
 
 Asst.-Bishop of Cent,ral Pennsylvania, 28th October, 1884. 
 
 Bishop of Maryland, 8th Januar}% 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Lincoln, 25th April, 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Exeter, 25th April, 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Niagara, ist May, 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Brisbane, nth June, 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Meath, 29th September, 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Salisbury, 27th October, 1885. 
 
 Bishop of Ely, 2nd February, 1886. 
 
 Bishop in Japan, 2nd February, 1886. 
 
 Bishop of Nassau, 24th February, 1886. 
 
 Bishop of Clogher, 29th June, 1886. 
 
 Bishop of Edinburgh, 21st September, 1886. 
 
 Bishop in Jerusalem and the East, 25th March, 1887. 
 
 Bishop of Saskatchewan & Calgary, 7th August, 1887. 
 
 Bishop of Sodor and Man, 24th August, 1887. 
 
 Bishop of Marlborough, 24ih February, 1888. 
 
 Bishop of Shrewsbury, 24th February, 1888. 
 
 Bishop of Nova Scotia, 25th April, 1888. 
 
 Bishop of Penrith, 22nd May, 1888. 
 
 Bishop of Bedford, 15th July, 1888. 
 
 Bishop of Leicester, 15th July, 1888.
 
 LIST OF THE BISHOPS ATTENDING THE LAMBETH 
 CONFERENCE OF 1888, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO 
 PROVINCES. 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury (Most Rev. Dr. Benson). 
 
 Bishop of London (Rt. Rev. Dr. Temple). 
 
 Bishop of Winchester (Rt. Rev. Dr. Harold Browne). 
 
 Bishop of Norwich (Rt. Rev. and Hon. Dr. Pelham). 
 
 Bishop of Bangor (Rt. Rev. Dr. Campbell). 
 
 Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol (Rt. Rev. Dr. Ellicott). 
 
 Bishop of St. Alban's (Rt. Rev. Dr. Claughton). 
 
 Bishop of Hereford (Rt. Rev. Dr. Atlay). 
 
 Bishop of Peterborough (Rt. Rev. Dr. Magee). 
 
 Bishop of Bath and Wells (Rt. Rev. Lord A. Hervey). 
 
 Bishop of Chichester (Rt. Rev. Dr. Durnford). 
 
 Bishop of St. Asaph (Rt. Rev. Dr, Hughes). 
 
 Bishop of St. David's (Rt. Rev. Dr. Basil Jones). 
 
 Bishop of Rochester (Rt. Rev, Dr. Thorold). 
 
 Bishop of Lichfield (Rt. Rev. Dr. Maclagan). 
 
 Bishop of Llandaff (Rt. Rev. Dr. Lewis). 
 
 Bishop of Truro (Rt, Rev. Dr. Wilkinson). 
 
 Bishop of Southwell (Rt. Rev. Dr. Ridding). 
 
 Bishop of Lincoln (Rt. Rev. Dr. King). 
 
 Bishop of Exeter (Rt. Rev. Dr. E. H. Bickersteth). 
 
 Bishop of Salisbury (Rt. Rev. Dr. J. Wordsworth). 
 
 Bishop of Ely (Rt. Rev. Lord A. Compton). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Dover (Rt. Rev. Dr. Parry). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Nottingham (Rt. Rev. Dr. Trollope). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Colchester (Rt. Rev. Dr. Blomfield). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Marlborough (Rt. Rev. Dr. Earle). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Shrewsbury (Rt. Rev. Sir L. Stamer). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Bedford (Rt. Rev. Dr. Billing). 
 
 Bishop Suffragan of Leicester (Rt. Rev. Dr. Thicknesse). 
 
 Bishop Perry. 
 
 Bishop Tufnell. 
 
 Bishop Bromby. 
 
 Bishop Wilkinson. 
 
 Bishop Mitchtnson. 
 
 Archbishop of York (Most Rev. Dr. Thomson). 
 Bishop of Durham (Rt. Rev. Dr. Lightfoot). 
 Bishop of Carlisle (Rt. Rev. Dr. Goodwin). 
 Bishop of Manchester (Rt. Rev. Dr. Moorhouse). 
 Bishop of Wakefield (Rt. Rev. Dr. Walsham How). 
 Bishop of Liverpool (Rt. Rev. Dr. Ryle). 
 Bishop of Newcastle (Rt. Rev. Dr. Wilberforce). 
 Bishop of Chester (Rt. Rev. Dr. Stubbs). 
 Bishop of Ripon (Rt. Rev. Dr. Boyd Carpenter). 
 Bishop of Sodor and Man (Rt. Rev. Dr. Bardsley). 
 Bishop Suffragan of Penrith (Rt. Rev. Dr. Pulleine) 
 Bishop Cramer-Roberts. 
 
 Archbishop of Armagh (Most Rev. Dr. Knox). 
 Bishop of Meath (Most Rev. Dr. Reichel).
 
 LIST OF BISHOPS ATTENDING THE CONFERENCE. 5 
 
 Bishop of Derry (Rt. Rev. Dr. Alexander). 
 BisHOi' OF KiLMORE ( Rt. Rev. Dr. Shone). 
 Bishop of Clogher (Rt. Rev. Dr. Stack). 
 
 Archbishop of Dublin (Most Rev. Lord Plunket). 
 Bishop of Limerick (Rt. Rev. Dr. Graves). 
 Bishop of Cashel (Rt. Rev. Dr. Day). 
 Bishop of Cork (Rt. Rev. Dr. Gregg). 
 Bishop of Ossory (Rt. Rev. Dr. Walsh). 
 Bishop of Killaloe (Rt. Rev. Dr. Chester). 
 
 Bishop of Brechin (Rt. Rev. Dr. Jermyn), Primus. 
 Bishop of St. Andrew's (Rt. Rev. Dr. C. Wordsworth). 
 Bishop of INIoray and Ross (Rt. Rev. Dr. Kelly). 
 Bishop of Aberdeen (Rt. Rev. and Hon. Dr. Douglas). 
 Bishop of Argyll and the Isles (Rt. Rev. Dr. Haldane). 
 Bishop of Edinburgh (Rt. Rev. Dr. Dowden). 
 
 Bishop of Minnesota (Rt. Rev. Dr. Whippt,e). 
 
 Bishop of Western New York (Rt. Rev. Dr. Coxe). 
 
 Bishop of Tennessee (Rt. Rev. Dr. Quintard). 
 
 Bishop of Maine (Rt. Rev. Dr. Neely). 
 
 Bishop of Missouri (Rt. Rev. Dr. Tuttle). 
 
 Bishop of Oregon (Rt. Rev. Dr. Morris). 
 
 Bishop of Albany (Rt. Rev. Dr. Doane). 
 
 Bishop of Pennsylvania (Rt. Rev. Dr. Whitaker). 
 
 Bishop of Arkansas (Rt. Rev. Dr. Pierce). 
 
 Bishop of South Dakota (Rt. Rev. Dr. Hare). 
 
 Bishop of Massachusetts (Rt. Rev. Dr. Paddock). 
 
 Bishop of North Carolina (Rt. Rev. Dr. Lyman). 
 
 Bishop of Colorado (Rt. Rev. Dr. Spalding). 
 
 Bishop of Milwaukee (Rt. Rev. Dr. Welles). 
 
 Bishop of New Jersey (Rt. Rev. Dr. Scarborough). 
 
 Bishop of Chicago (Rt. Rev. Dr. McLaren). 
 
 Bishop of Iowa (Rt. Rev. Dr. Stevens-Parry). 
 
 Bjshop of Quincy (Rt. Rev. Dr. Burgess). 
 
 Bishop of Springfield (Rt. Rev. Dr. Seymour). 
 
 Bishop of Michigan (Rt. Rev. Dr. Harris). 
 
 Bishop of Newark (Rt. Rev. Dr, Starkey). 
 
 Bishop of Washington Territory (Rt. Rev. Dr. Paddock). 
 
 Bishop of Pittsburgh (Rt. Rev. Dr. Whitehead). 
 
 Bishop of Mississippi (Rt. Rev. Dr. Thompson). 
 
 Bishop of Indiana (Rt. Rev. Dr. Kinckerbacker). 
 
 Bishop of New York (Rt. Rev. Dr. Potter). 
 
 Bishop of North Dakota (Rt. Rev. Dr. Walker). 
 
 Asst.-Bishop of Central Pennsylvania (Rt. Rev. Dr.Rulison). 
 
 Bishop of Maryland (Rt. Rev. Dr. Paret). 
 
 Bishop of Fredericton (Rt. Rev. Dr. Medley), Metropolitan. 
 
 Bishop of Ontario (Rt. Rev. Dr. Lewis). 
 
 Bishop of Quebec (Rt. Rev. Dr. Williams). 
 
 Bishop of Toronto (Rt. Rev. Dr. Sweatman). 
 
 Bishop of Algoma (Rt. Rev. Dr. Sullivan). 
 
 Bishop of Huron (Rt. Rev. Dr. Baldwin). 
 
 Bishop of Niagara (Rt. Rev. Dr. Hamilton). 
 
 Bishop of Nova Scotia (Rt. Rev. Dr. Courtney). 
 
 Bishop Coadjutor of Fredericton (Rt. Rev. Dr. Kingdon).
 
 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 Bishop of Calcutta (Rt. Rev. Dr. Johnson), Metropolitan. 
 
 Bishop of Colombo (Rt. Rev. Dr. Copleston). 
 
 Bishop of Bombay (Rt. Rev. Dr. Mylne). 
 
 Bishop of Travancore & Cochin (Rt. Rev. Dr. Speechly). 
 
 Bishop of Rangoon (Rt. Rev. Dr. Strachanj. 
 
 Bishop of Guiana (Rt. Rev. Dr. Austin), Metropolitaji. 
 
 Bishop of Antigua (Rt. Rev. Dr. Jackson). 
 
 Bishop of Trinidad (Rt. Rev. Dr. Rawle). 
 
 Bishop of Jamaica (Rt. Rev. Dr. Nuttall). 
 
 Bishop of Barbados (Rt. Rev. Dr. Bree). 
 
 Bishop of Nassau (Rt. Rev. Dr. Churton). 
 
 Bishop Coadjutor of Antigua (Rt. Rev. Dr. Branch). 
 
 Bishop of Sydney (Rt. Rev. Dr. Barry), Metropolitan. 
 Bishop of North Queensland (Rt. Rev. Dr. Stanton). 
 Bishop of Adelaide (Rt. Rev. Dr. Kennion). 
 Bishop of Brisbane (Rt. Rev. Dr. Webber). 
 
 Bishop of Nelson (Rt. Rev. Dr. Suter). 
 Bishop of Auckland (Rt. Rev. Dr. Cowie). 
 Bishop of Dunedin (Rt. Rev. Dr. Neville). 
 Bishop of Waiapu (Rt. Rev. Dr. Stuart). 
 
 Bishop of Capetown (Rt. Rev. Dr. W. W. Jones), Metropolitan. 
 
 Bishop of Maritzburg (Rt. Rev. Dr. Macrorie). 
 
 Bishop of Grahamstown (Rt. Rev. Dr. Webb). 
 
 Bishop of Pretoria (Rt. Rev. Dr. Bousfield). 
 
 Bishop of Zululand (Rt. Rev. Dr. Mackenzie). 
 
 Bishop of St. John's, Kaffraria (Rt. Rev. Dr. Key). 
 
 Bishop of Rupertsland (Rt. Rev. Dr. Machray), yl/^^/^^/^/zVa;/. 
 Bishop of Moosonee (Rt. Rev. Dr. Horden). 
 Bishop of Qu'Appelle (Rt. Rev. and Hon. Dr. Anson). 
 Bishop of Saskatchewan & Calgary (Rt. Rev. Dr. Pinkham). 
 
 Bishop of Columbia (Rt. Rev. Dr. Hills). 
 
 Missionary Bishop in the Niger Territory (Rt. Rev. Dr.. 
 
 Crowther). 
 Bishop of the Falkland Islands (Rt. Rev. Dr. Stirling). 
 Bishop of Honolulu (Rt. Rev. Dr. Willis). 
 Bishop of Gibraltar (Rt. Rev. Dr. Sandford). 
 Bishop of Newfoundland (Rt. Rev. Dr. Llewellyn Jones). 
 Bishop of Caledonia (Rt. Rev. Dr. Ridley). 
 Bishop of New Westminster (Rt. Rev. Dr. Sillitoe). 
 Missionary Bishop in North China (Rt. Rev. Dr. Scott). 
 Bishop of Singapore and Sarawak (Rt. Rev. Dr. Hose). 
 Bishop of Sierra Leone (Rt. Rev. Dr. Ingham). 
 Missionary Bishop in Central Africa (Rt. Rev. Dr. Smythies). 
 Missionary Bishop in Japan (Rt. Rev. Dr. E. Bickersteth). 
 Bishop of the Church of England in Jerusalem and the 
 
 East (Rt. Rev. Dr. Blyth). 
 
 Officers of ft;c foitfcrcjice : 
 
 Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol (Rt. Rev. Dr. Ellicott), 
 
 Episcopal Secretary. 
 Dean of Windsor (Very Rev. R. T. Davidson), General 
 
 Secretary. 
 Archdeacon of Maidstone (Ven. B. F. Smith), Assistant 
 
 Secretary.
 
 LETTER. 
 
 To THE Faithful in Christ Jesus, greeting — 
 
 We, Archbishops, Bishops Metropolitan, and 
 other Bishops of the Holy Catholic Church, in 
 full communion with the Church of England, one 
 hundred and forty-five in number, all having super- 
 intendence over Dioceses or lawfully commissioned 
 to exercise Episcopal functions therein, assembled 
 from divers parts of the earth, at Lambeth Palace, 
 in the year of our Lord 1888, under the presi- 
 dency of the Most Reverend Edward, by Divine 
 Providence Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of 
 all England and Metropolitan, after receiving in 
 the Chapel of the said Palace the Blessed Sacra- 
 ment of the Lord's Body and Blood, and uniting 
 in prayer for the guidance of the Holy Spirit, 
 have taken into consideration various questions 
 which have been submitted to us affecting the 
 welfare of God's people and the condition of the 
 Church in divers parts of the world. 
 
 We have made these matters the subject of 
 careful and serious deliberation during the month 
 past, both in general Conference and in Com- 
 mittees specially appointed to consider the several 
 questions ; and we now commend to the faithful 
 the conclusions at which we have arrived. 
 
 We have appended to this letter two sets of 
 documents, the one containing the formal Reso- 
 lutions of the Conference, and the other the Reports 
 of the several Committees. We desire you to
 
 8 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 
 
 bear in mind that the Conference is responsible 
 for the first alone. The Reports of Committees 
 can only be taken to represent the mind of the 
 Conference in so far as they are reaffirmed or 
 directly adopted in the Resolutions ; but we have 
 thought good to print these Reports, believing that 
 they will offer fruitful matter for consideration. 
 
 In the first place we desire to speak of the 
 moral and practical questions which have engaged 
 the attention of the Conference ; and in the fore- 
 front we would place the duty of the Church in 
 the promotion of temperance and purity. 
 
 Temperance. Noble and self-deuyiug efforts have 
 been made for many years, within and without 
 the Church, for the suppression of intemperance, 
 and it is our earnest hope that these efforts 
 will be increased manifold. The evil effects of 
 this sin on the life of the Church and the nation 
 can scarcely be exaggerated. But we are con- 
 strained to utter a caution against a false principle 
 which threatens to creep in and vitiate much use- 
 ful work. Highly valuable as we believe total 
 abstinence to be as a means to an end, we desire 
 to discountenance the language which condemns 
 the use of wine as wrong in itself, independently 
 of its effects on ourselves or on others, and we 
 have expressed our disapproval of a reported 
 practice (which seems to be due to some extent 
 to the tacit assumption of this principle) of sub- 
 stituting some other liquid in the celebration of 
 Holy Communion. 
 
 Purity. On the other hand Christian society is 
 only now awakening to a sense of its active 
 duty in the matter of purity ; and we therefore 
 desire to avail ourselves of an occasion which has 
 brought together representatives of the Anglican 
 Communion from distant parts of the world, to
 
 ENCYCLICAL LETTER. 9 
 
 proclaim a crusade against that sin which is be- 
 fore all others a defilement of the body of Christ 
 and a desecration of the temple of the Holy- 
 Spirit. We recall the earnest language of the 
 Report : we believe that nothing short of general 
 action by all Christian people w^ill avail to arrest 
 the evil : we call upon you to rally round the 
 standard of a high and pure morality ; and we 
 appeal to all whom our voice may reach to assist 
 us in raising the tone of public opinion, and in 
 stamping out ignoble and corrupt traditions which 
 are not only a dishonour to the Name of our 
 Master Christ, but degrading to the dignity of a 
 being created in the image of God. 
 
 Sanctity of Marriage. In vital connectiou with the pro- 
 motion of purity is the maintenance of the sanctity 
 of marriage, which is the centre of social morality. 
 This is seriously compromised by facilities of 
 Divorce which have been increased in recent 
 years by legislation in some countries, We have 
 therefore held it our duty to reaffirm emphatically 
 the precept of Christ relating thereto, and to 
 offer some advice which may guide the Clergy 
 of our Communion in their attitude towards any 
 infringement of the Master's rule. 
 
 Polygamy. The sauctity of marriage as a Christian 
 obligation implies the faithful union of one man 
 with one woman until the union is severed 
 by death. The polygamous alliances of heathen 
 races are allowed on all hands to be condemned 
 by the law of Christ ; but they present many 
 difficult practical problems which have been 
 solved in various ways in the past. We have 
 carefully considered this question in the different 
 lights thrown upon it from various parts of the 
 mission-field. While we have refrained from 
 offering advice on minor points, leaving these to
 
 lO LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 
 
 be settled by the local authorities of the Church, 
 we have laid down some broad lines on which 
 alone we consider that the missionary may safely 
 act. Our first care has been to maintain and pro- 
 tect the Christian conception of marriage, be- 
 lieving that any immediate and rapid successes 
 which might otherwise have been secured in the 
 mission-field would be dearly purchased by any 
 lowering or confusion of this idea. 
 
 Observance of the Lord's Day. The due observaUCe of 
 
 Sunday as a day of rest, of worship, and of 
 religious teaching has a direct bearing on the 
 moral well-being of the Christian community. 
 We have observed of late a growing laxity which 
 threatens to impair its sacred character. We 
 strongly deprecate this tendency. We call upon 
 the leisurely classes not selfishly to withdraw from 
 others the opportunities of rest and of religion. 
 We call upon master and employer jealously to 
 guard the privileges of the servant and the work- 
 man. In "the Lord's Day" we have a priceless 
 heritage^ Whoever misuses it incurs a terrible 
 responsibility. 
 
 Socialism. Intimately connected with these moral 
 questions is the attitude of the Christian Church 
 towards the social problems of the day. Ex- 
 cessive inequality in the distribution of this 
 world's goods : vast accumulation and desperate 
 poverty side by side : these suggest many anxious 
 considerations to any thoughtful person, who is 
 penetrated with the mind of Christ. No more 
 important problems can well occupy the attention 
 — whether of Clergy or Laity — than such as are 
 connected with what is popularly called Socialism. 
 To study schemes proposed for redressing the 
 social balance, to welcome the good which may 
 be found in the aims or operations of any, and
 
 ENCYCLICAL LETTER. II 
 
 to devise methods, whether by legislation or by 
 social combinations, or in any other way, for a 
 peaceful solution of the problems without violence 
 or injustice, is one of the noblest pursuits which 
 can engage the thoughts of those who strive to 
 follow in die footsteps of Christ. Suggestions 
 are offered in the Report, which may assist in 
 solving this problem. 
 
 Care of Emigrants. One class of persons more espe- 
 cially had a claim upon the consideration and 
 sympathy of the Conference. In our emigrants 
 we have a social link which binds the Churches 
 of the British Islands to the Church of the United 
 States, and to the Churches in the Colonies. 
 No more pertinent question, therefore, could have 
 been suggested for our deliberations than our 
 duty towards this large body of our fellow- 
 Christians. It is especially incumbent upon the 
 Church to follow them with the eye of sym- 
 pathy at every point in their passage from their 
 old home to their new, to exercise a watchful care 
 over them, and to protect them from the dangers, 
 moral and spiritual, which beset their path. We 
 have endeavoured to offer some suggestions, by 
 following which this end may be attained. 
 
 Definite Teaching of the Faith. ReCOguisiug tllUS the 
 
 primary importance of maintaining the moral 
 precepts and discipline of the Gospel in all the 
 relations of life and society, we proceed to the 
 consideration of the means, within the reach and 
 contemplation of the Churches, for inculcating the 
 definite truths of the Faith, which are the basis 
 of such moral teaching- 
 
 We cannot escape the conviction that this 
 department of work requires great attention and 
 much improvement. The religious teaching of 
 the young is sadly deficient in depth and reality,
 
 12 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 especially in the matter of doctrine. This deficiency 
 is not confined to any class of society, and the 
 task of remedying the default is one which the 
 Laity must be prepared to share with the Clergy. 
 On parents it lies as a divine charge. Godfathers 
 and Godmothers should be urged to fuliil the duty 
 which they have undertaken for the children whose 
 sponsors they have been, and to see that they are 
 not left uninstructed, or inadequately prepared for 
 Confirmation. The use of public catechising and 
 regular preparation of candidates for Confirmation 
 is capable of much development. The work done 
 in Sunday Schools requires, as we believe, more 
 constant supervision and more sustained interest 
 than, in a great many cases, it receives from the 
 Clergy. The instruction of Sunday -School 
 teachers, and of the pupil-teachers in Elementary 
 Schools, ought to be regarded as an indispensable 
 part of the pastoral work of a Parish Priest ; and 
 the moral and practical lessons from the Bible 
 ought to be enforced by constant reference to the 
 sanctions, and to the illustrations of doctrine and 
 discipline belonging to them, to be found in the 
 same Holy Scripture. It would be possible, to a 
 greater extent than is now done, to make sermons 
 in church combine doctrinal and moral efficiency, 
 and, by illustrating the rationale of divine service, 
 lead on the congregations to the perception of the 
 definite relations between worship, faith, and work 
 — the lessons of the Prayer Book, the Catechism, 
 and the Creeds. 
 
 It is not, however, with reference to the young 
 alone, or to the recognised members of their own 
 flock, that the Clergy have need to look carefully 
 to the security of definiteness in teaching the faith. 
 
 The study of Holy Scripture is a great part 
 of the mental discipline of the Christian, and the 
 Bible itself is the main instrument in all teaching
 
 ENCYCLICAL LETTER. 1 3 
 
 of religion. Unhappily, in the present day, there 
 is a widespread system of propagandism hostile 
 to the reception of the Bible as a treasury of 
 Divine knowledge, and throughout society, in all 
 its ranks, misgivings, doubts, hostile criticisms, 
 and sceptical estimates of doctrinal truths as based 
 on Revelation, are very common. 
 
 The doubts which arise from the misappre- 
 hension of the due relations between science and 
 Revelation may be, and ought to be, treated with 
 respect and a sympathetic patience ; and, where 
 minds have been disquieted by scientific discovery 
 or assertion, great care should be taken not to 
 extinguish the elements of faith, but rather to 
 direct the thinker to the realisation of the fact 
 that such discoveries elucidate the action of laws 
 which, rightly conceived, tend to the higher ap- 
 preciation of the glorious work of the Creator, 
 upheld by the word of His power. 
 
 The dangers arising from the hostile or scep- 
 tical temper and attitude are increased by the 
 difficulty of determining how far our teaching and 
 the popular acceptance of it can be harmonised 
 with a due consideration for the views on inspi- 
 ration, and especially on the character of the dis- 
 cipline of the Old Testament dispensation, which, 
 although they have never received definite sanction 
 in the Church, have been long and widely 
 prevalent. 
 
 We must recommend to the Clergy cautious 
 and industrious treatment of these points of con- 
 troversy, and most earnestly press uponthem the 
 importance of taking, as the central thought of 
 their teaching, our Lord Jesus Christ, as the 
 sacrifice for our sins, as the healer of our sinful- 
 ness, the source of all our spiritual life, and the 
 revelation to our consciences of the law and 
 motive of all moral virtue. To Him and to His
 
 14 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 
 
 work all the teachings of the Old Testament con- 
 verge, and from Him all the teachings of the 
 New Testament flow, in spirit, in force, and in 
 form. The work of the Church is the application 
 and extension of the blessings of the Incarnation, 
 and her teaching the development of its doctrinal 
 issues as contained in the Creeds of the Church. 
 
 Mutual Relations. Oiir discussion on the mutual rela- 
 tions of dioceses and branches of our Communion 
 has brought out some points which we desire to 
 commend to your consideration. It appears neces- 
 sary to draw attention to the principles laid down 
 in the Conference of 1878, and to urge that within 
 our Communion the duly-certified action of each 
 Church or Province should be respected by the 
 other Churches and their members ; that no 
 Bishop or Clergyman should exercise his functions 
 within any regularly-constituted diocese without 
 the consent of the Bishop of that diocese ; and that 
 no Bishop should authorise the action of any 
 Clerevman comino- from another diocese without 
 proper letters testimonial. The neglect of these 
 rules has led to some grievous scandals. The 
 Bishops, on their part, are prepared to do their 
 best to guard against such mischiefs, by adding 
 private advice to the formal document in use, but 
 the Clergy must resolve to exercise greater caution 
 in signing testimonials ; and those who require them 
 must check all tendency to over-sensitiveness, 
 when they find themselves subjected to inquiries 
 as to character and identification, which, however 
 unnecessary they may deem them in their own 
 case, are certainly indispensable for securing such 
 measure of safety as we require. 
 
 This caution applies with especial force to 
 the Clergy ordained for colonial work. We most 
 heartily recognise the principle that those who
 
 ENCYCLICAL LETTER. 1 5 
 
 have given the best years of their Hfe to work 
 abroad are entitled to great consideration when 
 the time comes at which they w^ant such rest or 
 change of employment as may be found at home. 
 But to lay down any general rules on this point is 
 impossible. 
 
 One matter has been laid before us in a more 
 formal way — the possibility of constituting a Coun- 
 cil or Councils of reference to advise upon, or 
 even to decide, questions laid before them by the 
 authorities of the Provinces of the Colonial 
 Church. As to this, we would counsel patient 
 consideration and consultation, of such character 
 as may eventually supersede the necessity for 
 creating an authority which might, whether as a 
 Council of advice, or in a function more closely 
 resembling that of a Court, place us in circum- 
 stances prejudicial alike to order and to liberty of 
 action. 
 
 Home Reunion. After auxious discussion we have 
 resolved to content ourselves with laying down 
 certain articles as a basis on which approach may 
 be, by God's blessing, made towards Home 
 Reunion. These articles, four in number, will be 
 found in the appended Resolutions. 
 
 The attitude of the Anglican Communion 
 towards the religious bodies now separated from 
 it by unhappy divisions would appear to be this : — 
 We hold ourselves in readiness to enter into 
 brotherly conference with any of those who may 
 desire intercommunion with us in a more or less 
 perfect form. We lay down conditions on which 
 such intercommunion is, in our opinion, and 
 according to our conviction, possible. For, how- 
 ever we mav lon^j to embrace those now alienated 
 from us, so that the ideal of the one flock under 
 the one Shepherd may be realised, we must not 
 be unfaithful stewards of the great deposit entrusted
 
 l6 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 to US. We cannot desert our position either as 
 to faith or discipHne. That concord would, in our 
 judgment, be neither true nor desirable which 
 should be produced by such surrender. 
 
 But we gladly and thankfully recognise the 
 real religious work which is carried on by Christian 
 bodies not of our Communion. We cannot close 
 our eyes to the visible blessing which has been 
 vouchsafed to their labours for Christ's sake. Let 
 us not be misunderstood on this point. We are 
 not insensible to the strong ties, the rooted con- 
 victions, which attach them to theirpresent position. 
 These we respect, as we wish that on our side our 
 own principles and feelings may be respected. 
 Competent observers, indeed, assert that not in 
 England only, but in all parts of the Christian 
 world, there is a real yearning for unity — that 
 men's hearts are moved more than heretofore 
 towards Christian fellowship. The Conference 
 has shown in its discussions as well as its resolu- 
 tions that it is deeply penetrated with this feeling. 
 May the Spirit of Love move on the troubled 
 waters of religious differences. 
 
 Relation to the Scandinavian Church. AmOUg the UationS 
 
 with whom English-speaking peoples are brought 
 directly in contact are the Scandinavian races, who 
 form an important element of the population in 
 many of our dioceses. The attitude, therefore, 
 which the Anglican Communion should take towards 
 the Scandinavian Churches could not be a matter 
 of indifference to this Conference. We have recom- 
 mended that fuller knowledge should be sought 
 and friendly intercourse interchanged until such 
 time as matters may be ripe for a closer alliance 
 without any sacrifice of principles which we hold 
 to be essential. 
 
 To Old Catholics and Others. Nor, again, is it possible
 
 ENCYCLICAL LETTER. 1/ 
 
 for members of the Anglican Communion to 
 withhold their sympathies from those Continental 
 movements towards Reformation which, under 
 the greatest difficulties, have proceeded mainly 
 on the same lines as our own, retaining Episcopacy 
 as an Apostolic ordinance. Though we believe 
 that the time has not come for any direct alliance 
 with any of these, and, though we deprecate 
 any precipitancy of action which would transgress 
 primitive and established principles of jurisdiction, 
 we believe that advances may be made without 
 sacrifice of these, and we entertain the hope that 
 the time may come when a more formal alliance 
 with some at least of these bodies will be possible. 
 
 To the Eastern Churches. The Conference has expressed 
 its earnest desire to confirm and to improve the 
 friendly relations which now exist between the 
 Churches of the East and the Anglican Com- 
 munion. These Churches have well earned the 
 sympathy of Christendom, for through long ages 
 of persecution they have kept alive in many a 
 dark place the light of the Gospel. If that 
 light is here and there feeble or dim, there is 
 all the more reason that we, as we have oppor- 
 tunity, should tend and cherish it ; and we need 
 not fear that our offices of brotherly charity, if 
 offered in a right spirit, will not be accepted. 
 We reflect with thankfulness that there exist no 
 bars, such as are presented to communion with 
 the Latins by the formulated sanction of the 
 Infallibility of the Church residing in the person 
 of the supreme pontiff, by the doctrine of the 
 Immaculate Conception, and other dogmas im- 
 posed by the decrees of Papal Councils. The 
 Church of Rome has always treated her Eastern 
 sister wrongfully. She intrudes her Bishops into 
 the ancient Dioceses, and keeps up a system of
 
 l8 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1888. 
 
 active proselytlsm. The Eastern Church is 
 reasonably outraged by these proceedings, wholly 
 contrary as they are to Catholic principles ; and it 
 behoves us of the Anglican Communion to take 
 care that we do not offend in like manner. 
 
 Individuals craving fuller light and stronger 
 spiritual life may. by remaining in the Church of 
 their baptism, become centres of enlightenment 
 to their own people. 
 
 But though all schemes of proselytising are to 
 be avoided, it is only right that our real claims 
 and position as a historical Church should be set 
 before a people who are very distrustful of novelty, 
 especially in religion, and who appreciate the his- 
 tory of Catholic antiquity. Help should be given 
 towards the education of the Clergy, and, in more 
 destitute communities, extended to schools for 
 general instruction. 
 
 Authoritative Standards. The authoHtative Standards of 
 doctrine and worship claim your careful attention 
 in connection with these subjects. It is of the 
 utmost importance that our faith and practice 
 should be represented, both to the ancient Churches 
 and to the native and ofrowino^ Churches in the 
 mission-field, in a manner which shall neither give 
 cause for offence nor restrict due liberty, nor 
 present any stumbling-blocks in the way of com- 
 plete communion. 
 
 In conformity with the practice of the former 
 Conferences we declare that we are united under 
 our Divine Head in the fellowship of the one 
 Catholic and Apostolic Church, holding the one 
 Faith revealed in Holy Writ, defined in the Creeds, 
 maintained by the primitive Church, and affirmed 
 by the undisputed CEcumenical Councils : as 
 standards of doctrine and worship alike we recog- 
 nise the Prayer Book with its Catechism, the
 
 E^XVCLICAL LETTER. 
 
 19 
 
 Ordinal, and the Thirty-nine Articles, — the special 
 heritage of the Church of England, and, to a 
 greater or less extent, received by all the Churches 
 of our Communion. 
 
 We desire that these standards should be set 
 before the foreign Churches in their purity and 
 simplicity. A certain liberty of treatment must 
 be extended to the cases of native and crrowine 
 Churches, on which it would be unreasonable to 
 impose, as conditions of communion, the whole of 
 the Thirty-nine Articles, coloured as they are in 
 language and form by the peculiar circumstances 
 under which they were originally drawn up. On 
 the other hand it would be impossible for us 
 to share with them in the matter of Holy 
 Orders, as in complete intercommunion, without 
 satisfactory evidence that they hold substantially 
 the same form of doctrine as ourselves. It ought 
 not to be difficult, much less impossible, to formu- 
 late articles, in accordance with our own standards 
 of doctrine and worship, the acceptance of which 
 should be required of all ordained in such Churches. 
 
 We close this letter rendering our humble and 
 hearty thanks to Almighty God for His great 
 goodness towards us. W^e have been permitted 
 to meet together in larger numbers than hereto- 
 fore. Contributions of knowledge and experience 
 have been poured into the common stock from all 
 parts of the earth. We have realised, more fully 
 than it was possible to realise before, the extent, 
 the power, and the influence of the great Anglican 
 Communion. We have felt its capacities, its 
 opportunities, its privileges. In our common 
 deliberations we have tested its essential oneness 
 amidst all varieties of condition and development. 
 Wherever there was diversity of opinion among 
 us there was also harmony of spirit and unity of
 
 20 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 aim ; and we shall return to our several dioceses 
 refreshed, strengthened, and inspired by the memo- 
 ries which we shall carry away. 
 
 But the sense of thanksgiving is closely linked 
 with the obligation of duty. This fuller realisa- 
 tion of our privileges as members of the Anglican 
 Communion carries with it a heightened sense of 
 our responsibilities which do not end with our own 
 people or with the mission-field alone, but extend 
 to all the Churches of God. The opportunities of 
 an exceptional position call us to an exceptional 
 work. It is our earnest prayer that all — Clergy 
 and laity alike — may take God's manifest purpose 
 to heart, and strive in their several stations to 
 work it out in all its fulness. 
 
 With these parting words we commend the 
 results at which we have arrived in this Confer- 
 ence to your careful consideration, praying that 
 the Holy Spirit may direct your thoughts and 
 lead you to all truth, and that our counsels may 
 redound through your action to the glory of God 
 and the increase of Christ's kingdom. 
 
 Signed, on behalf of the Conference, 
 
 EDW: CANTUAR: 
 
 C. J. GLOUCESTER & BRISTOL, 
 
 Episcopal Secretary. 
 
 RANDALL T. DAVIDSON, 
 
 Dean of Windsor, 
 
 Goieral Secretary. 
 
 B. F. SMITH, 
 
 Archdeacon of Maidstone, 
 
 Assistant Secretary,
 
 21 
 
 RESOLUTIONS FORMALLY ADOPTED BY 
 THE CONFERENCE. 
 
 1. That this Conference, without pledging itself to all 
 
 the statements and opinions embodied in the 
 Report of the Committee on Intemperance, 
 commends the Report to the consideration of 
 the Church. 
 
 2. That the Bishops assembled in this Conference 
 
 declare that the use of unfermented juice of the 
 grape, or any liquid other than true wine diluted 
 or undiluted, as the element in the administra- 
 tion of the cup in Holy Communion, is unwar- 
 ranted by the example of Our Lord, and is an 
 unauthorised departure from the custom of the 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 3. That this Conference earnestly commends to all 
 
 those into whose hands it may come the Report 
 
 on the subject of Purity, as expressing the 
 
 mind of the Conference on this great subject.* 
 
 [^Carried unanimously.] 
 
 4. (a) That, inasmuch as Our Lord's words expressly 
 forbid Divorce, except in the case of fornication 
 or adultery, the Christian Church cannot recog- 
 nise Divorce in any other than the excepted case, 
 or give any sanction to the marriage of any 
 person who has been divorced contrary to this 
 law, during the life of the other party.
 
 22 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1888. 
 
 (b) That under no circumstances ought the guilty 
 
 party, in the case of a divorce for fornication 
 or adultery, to be regarded, during the hfe- 
 time of the innocent party, as a fit recipient 
 of the blessing of the Church on marriage. 
 
 (c) That, recognising the fact that there always has 
 
 been a difference of opinion in the Church on 
 the question whether Our Lord meant to forbid 
 marriage to the innocent party in a divorce for 
 adultery, the Conference recommends that the 
 Clergy should not be instructed to refuse the 
 Sacraments or other privileges of the Church 
 to those who, under civil sanction, are thus 
 married. 
 
 5. (a) That it is the opinion of this Conference that 
 persons living in polygamy be not admitted to 
 baptism, but that they be accepted as candidates 
 and kept under Christian instruction until such 
 time as they shall be in a position to accept 
 the law of Christ.* 
 
 [^Carried by 83 votes to 21.] 
 
 (b) That the wives of polygamists may, in the 
 opinion of this Conference, be admitted in some 
 cases to baptism, but that it must be left to the 
 local authorities of the Church to decide under 
 what circumstances they may be baptised.* 
 [*Camed by 54 votes to 34.] 
 
 6. (a) That the principle of the religious observance of 
 
 one day in seven, embodied in the Fourth 
 
 Commandment, is of Divine obligation. 
 
 (b) That, from the time of our Lord's Resurrection, 
 
 the first day of the week was observed by
 
 RESOLUTIONS. 25 
 
 Christians as a day of worship and rest, and, 
 under the name of " The Lord's Day," gra- 
 duall}' succeeded, as the great weekly festival 
 of the Christian Church, to the sacred position 
 of the Sabbath. 
 (C) That the observance of the Lord's Day as a day 
 of rest, of worship, and of religious teaching, 
 has been a priceless blessing in all Christian 
 lands in which it has been maintained. 
 
 (d) That the growing laxity in its observance 
 
 threatens a great change in its sacred and 
 beneficent character. 
 
 (e) That especially the increasing practice, on the 
 
 part of some of the wealthy and leisurely classes, 
 of making Sunday a day of secular amusement 
 is most strongly to be deprecated. 
 
 (f) That the most careful regard should be had to 
 
 the danger of any encroachment upon the rest 
 which, on this day, is the right of servants as 
 well as their masters, and of the working 
 classes as v/ell as their employers. 
 
 7. That this Conference receives the Report drawn 
 up by the Committee on the subject of So- 
 cialism, and submits it to the consideration of 
 the Churches of the Anglican Communion. 
 
 8. That this Conference receives the Report drawn up 
 by the Committee on the subject of Emigration, 
 and commends the suggestions embodied in 
 it to the consideration of the Churches of the 
 Anglican Communion.
 
 24 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 9. (a) That this Conference receives the Report drawn 
 up by the Committee on the subject of the 
 Mutual Relation of Dioceses and Branches of 
 the Anglican Communion, and submits it to 
 the consideration of the Church, as containing 
 suggestions of much practical importance. 
 (b) That the Archbishop of Canterbury be requested 
 to give his attention to the Appendix attached 
 to the Report, with a view to action in the 
 direction indicated, if, upon consideration, His 
 Grace should think such action desirable. 
 10. That, inasmuch as the Book of Common Prayer is 
 not the possession of one Diocese or Province, 
 but of all, and that a revision in one portion of 
 the Anglican Communion must therefore be 
 extensively felt, this Conference is of opinion 
 that no particular portion of the Church should 
 undertake revision without seriously considering 
 the possible effect of such action on other 
 branches of the Church. 
 
 ii.*That, in the opinion of this Conference, the 
 following Articles supply a basis on which 
 approach may be by God's blessing made 
 towards Home Reunion : — 
 
 (a) The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- 
 
 ments, as " containing all things necessary to 
 salvation," and as being the rule and ultim.ate 
 standard of faith. 
 
 (b) The Apostles' Creed, as the Baptismal Symbol ; 
 
 and the Nicene Creed, as the sufficient state- 
 ment of the Christian faith.
 
 RESOLUTIONS. 2$ 
 
 (c) The two Sacraments ordained by Christ Him- 
 
 self—Baptism and the Supper of the Lord — 
 ministered with unfailing use of Christ's words 
 of Institution, and of the elements ordained by 
 Him. 
 
 (d) The Historic Episcopate, locally adapted in the 
 
 methods of its administration to the varying 
 needs of the nations and peoples called of God 
 into the Unity of His Church. 
 
 12. That this Conference earnestly requests the con- 
 
 stituted authorities of the various branches of 
 our Communion, acting, so far as may be, in 
 concert with one another, to make it known 
 that they hold themselves in readiness to enter 
 into brotherly conference (such as that which 
 has already been proposed by the Church in 
 the United States of America) with the 
 representatives of other Christian Communions 
 in the English-speaking races, in order to con- 
 sider what steps can be taken, either towards 
 corporate Reunion, or towards such relations 
 as may prepare the way for fuller organic unity 
 hereafter. 
 
 13. That this Conference recommends as of great 
 
 importance, in tending to bring about Reunion, 
 the dissemination of information respecting 
 the standards of doctrine and the formularies 
 in use in the Anglican Church ; and recom- 
 mends that information be disseminated, on 
 the other hand, respecting the authoritative 
 standards of doctrine, worship, and government 
 adopted by the other bodies of Christians into 
 which the English-speaking races are divided.
 
 26 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 14. That, in the opinion of this Conference, earnest 
 
 efforts should be made to establish more 
 friendly relations between the Scandinavian 
 and Anglican Churches ; and that approaches 
 on the part of the Swedish Church, with a view 
 to the mutual explanation of differences, be 
 most gladly welcomed, in order to the ultimate 
 establishment, if possible, of intercommunion 
 on sound principles of ecclesiastical polity. 
 
 15. (a) That this Conference recognises with thankful- 
 
 ness the dignified and independent position of 
 the Old Catholic Church of Holland, and 
 looks to more frequent brotherly intercourse to 
 remove many of the barriers which at present 
 separate us."^ 
 
 (b) That we regard it as a duty to promote friendly 
 
 relations with the Old Catholic Community in 
 Germany, and with the " Christian Catholic 
 Church " in Switzerland, not only out of 
 sympathy with them, but also in thankfulness 
 to God Who has strengthened them to suffer 
 for the truth under great discouragements, diffi- 
 culties, and temptations ; and that we offer 
 them the privileges recommended by the Com- 
 mittee under the conditions specified in its 
 Report.^ 
 
 (c) That the sacrifices made by the Old Catholics in 
 
 Austria deserve our sympathy, and that we 
 hope, when their organisation is sufficiently 
 tried and complete, a more formal relation 
 may be found possible.* 
 
 (d) That, with regard to the reformers in Italy, 
 
 France, Spain, and Portugal, struggling to free 
 themselves from the burden of unlawful terms
 
 RESOLUTIONS. 2/ 
 
 of communion, wc trust that they may be 
 enabled to adopt such sound forms of doctrine 
 and discipline, and to secure such Catholic 
 organisation as will permit us to grive them 
 a fuller recognition.* 
 (e) That, without desiring to interfere with the 
 rights of Bishops of the Catholic Church to 
 interpose in cases of extreme necessity, we 
 deprecate any action that does not regard 
 primitive and established principles of juris- 
 diction and the interests of the whole Anglican 
 Communion.^ 
 [*Resolutions (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) were carried neniine contradiccnte^ 
 
 1 6. That, having regard to the fact that the question 
 
 of the relation of the Anglican Church to the 
 Unitas Fratrtun, or Moravians, was remitted 
 by the last Lambeth Conference to a Com- 
 mittee, which has hitherto presented no Report 
 on the subject, the Archbishop of Canterbury 
 be requested to appoint a Committee of 
 Bishops who shall be empowered to confer 
 with learned theologians, and with the heads 
 of the Unitas Fratnun, and shall report to 
 His Grace before the end of the current year, 
 and that His Grace be requested to take such 
 action on their Report as he shall deem right. 
 
 17. That this Conference, rejoicing in the friendly 
 
 communications which have passed between 
 the Archbishops of Canterbury and other 
 Anglican Bishops, and the Patriarchs of Con- 
 stantinople and other Eastern Patriarchs and 
 Bishops, desires to express its hope that the 
 barriers to fuller communion may be, in
 
 28 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 course of time, removed by further intercourse 
 and extended enlightenment. The Conference 
 commends this subject to the devout prayers 
 of the faithful, and recommends that the 
 counsels and efforts of our fellow-Christians 
 should be directed to the encouragement of 
 internal reformation in the Eastern Churches, 
 rather than to the drawing away from them of 
 individual members of their Communion. 
 
 1 8. That the Archbishop of Canterbury be requested 
 
 to take counsel with such persons as he may 
 see fit to consult, with a view to ascertaining 
 whether it is desirable to revise the English 
 version of the Nicene Creed or of the 
 Qiiicunqiie Vult.^ 
 
 [ * Carried by 57 votes to 20.] 
 
 19. That, as regards newly-constituted Churches, 
 
 especially in non-Christian lands, it should be 
 a condition of the recognition of them as in com- 
 plete intercommunion with us, and especially 
 of their receiving from us Episcopal Succession^ 
 that we should first receive from them satis- 
 factory evidence that they hold substantially 
 the same doctrine as our own, and that their 
 Clergy subscribe Articles in accordance with 
 the express statements of our own standards 
 of doctrine and worship ; but that they should 
 not necessarily be bound to accept in their 
 entirety the thirty-nine Articles of Religion.
 
 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
 
 N.B. — TJie following Reports must be taken as having' 
 the authority only of the Committees by zuhom 
 they were respectively prepared and presented. 
 The Committees were not in every case 
 unanimous in adopting the Reports. 
 
 The Conference^ as a whole, is responsible only 
 for the formal Resolutions agreed to after 
 discussion, and printed above, pages 21 to 2Z.
 
 31 
 
 No. I.— INTEMPERANCE. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMiMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE SUBJECT OF THE DUTY OF THE CHURCH 
 WITH REGARD TO INTEMPERANCE. 
 
 It is not necessary to say much of the sinfulness of 
 intemperance in itself, or of the wide-spread mischief 
 that is caused by it. If it cannot be considered the 
 most sinful of all sins, it is difficult to deny that it is 
 the most mischievous. And wherever large masses of 
 the population find it difficult to obtain work at all, and 
 large masses can only obtain it at wages too low to 
 sustain healthy life, the evils caused by intemperance 
 press with heavier weight than ever they did before. 
 The Church cannot be justified in witnessing this 
 enormous amount of sin and misery without endeavour- 
 ing to ascertain whether any special means can be 
 discovered for effectually dealing with it, or whether it 
 must be left to ordinary agencies used with more than 
 ordinary zeal and persistency. 
 
 The experience of the last fifty years is strongly in 
 favour of the use of the special means which have 
 hitherto achieved whatever success has been achieved 
 
 Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of London {Chairman). Bishop of Rochester. 
 
 Colorado. „ Saskatchewan. 
 
 Kihiiore. „ Sierra Leone. 
 
 Newcastle. „ Sodor and Man. 
 
 The Niger. „ Zululand. 
 
 Pennsylvania.
 
 32 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 in stemming the strong current of this widely-prevailing 
 sin. It may be true that, if the whole Church had been 
 thoroughly alive to the extent and nature of the 
 mischief, much might have been done by more earnest 
 efforts both of Clergy and Laity in the ordinary course 
 of the Church's work. But it is the perseverance 
 and insistance of the Temperance Societies that has 
 awakened the Church, and without these Societies we 
 have no evidence to show that much or even anything 
 would have been done to deal with the evil. The Tem- 
 perance Societies have compelled the attention of the 
 public at large, and have by so doing profoundly modified 
 public opinion. There can be no doubt that drunken- 
 ness is now regarded with much more severe condemna- 
 tion than before these Societies began their work, and 
 the change is largely, if not entirely, due to them. The 
 Temperance Societies have compelled the medical pro- 
 fession to study the subject with more care than before, 
 and the result of this study has greatly influenced both 
 their utterances and their practice. The science of 
 medicine is so complex and difificult, and the practice of 
 medicine has been so largely influenced by tradition, that 
 any particular question, such as that of the influence of 
 alcohol on the body, has to wait its turn for examination 
 unless some strong reason forces it forward. But the 
 urgency of the Temperance Societies drew the attention 
 of the profession, and the result has justified that urgency. 
 To the Temperance Societies is due the change in the 
 practice of Insurance Offices. Fifty years ago it was 
 their ordinary rule to require higher premiums from life- 
 insurers who totally abstained from intoxicating liquors. 
 It is now proved that the total abstainers live longer 
 than other men. And this has been confirmed by the 
 experience of the Benefit Societies among which those
 
 INTEMPERANCE. 33 
 
 that make total abstinence a condition of membership 
 are able to sliow a much smaller average of sickness 
 than the others. And to all this is to be added the great 
 and still-increasing effect of the Bands of Hope which, 
 though in some cases open to objection, are, nevertheless, 
 every year adding largely to the number of pledged 
 abstainers among adults, and bid fair before long entirely 
 to change the public opinion of the classes that live by 
 manual labour. 
 
 And it is natural that this should be so, for the sin, 
 being one of the sins of the flesh, must be dealt with, as 
 indeed all such sins must be dealt with, mainly by flight 
 from temptation. The special characteristic of all 
 temptations of the flesh is the enormous difference in 
 power between temptations close at hand and temptations 
 at a distance. If a man is weak in this respect the one 
 hope of his safety lies in keeping the temptation from 
 him, and him from the temptation. There are no doubt 
 many who have no need of this. But those who have 
 fallen or are approaching a fall can, as a rule, be upheld 
 in no other way. Now, this is precisely a work in which 
 men can help each other, and in which that help can most 
 -effectually be given by an organisation formed for the 
 purpose. Men can help each other by breaking through 
 those customs of society which now surround men with 
 incessant temptations in every transaction of life, by 
 using their influence to diminish the enormous number 
 of public-houses which now make every street and road 
 a peril to the weak, by diligently investigating the effects 
 of alcoholic drinks on the body, and disproving the 
 assertion that alcohol is necessary (except in rare and 
 special cases) to health or to vigorous action. But even 
 more can men help the weak by sympathy with them 
 in their struggle, and by doing all they can to make
 
 34 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 that struggle easier. A weak man is told to abstain 
 altogether ; and, easy as this is to many, to some it 
 is exceedingly difficult, and the difficulty to these is 
 greatly increased if they are to abstain quite alone, and 
 thus, apparently, cut themselves off from the rest ; if 
 their abstinence is, in itself, to be a kind of stigma, and 
 to brand them with a public exposure of their weakness. 
 Such men need to be shielded and supported by the 
 stronger, or the battle which is often hard enough in 
 any case becomes too much for their strength. 
 
 Whatever may be said concerning what might have 
 been done by other methods, it is undeniable that ta 
 organisations for the express purpose of dealing with 
 intemperance, and to these organisations alone, must be 
 attributed what has been done. And if any other 
 method of doing the work is to claim precedence it 
 must first establish that claim by actual experience 
 before it will be possible to take cognisance of it in; 
 determining the course that the authorities of the Church 
 should recommend. The Temperance Societies are now 
 doing the work, and there is at present no sign of any 
 other mode of doing it being equally likely to succeed. 
 
 And after what has been said above it clearly follows 
 that the main weapon to be used in this warfare is the 
 practice of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors 
 by those who desire to help their fellow-men. Nothing 
 but this has the same hold of the weak or the tempted, 
 gives them the same encouragement to fight their 
 battle in the only true way, wins their affections^ 
 maintains their perseverance. Exhortations to total 
 abstinence by those who do not themselves abstain are 
 always comparatively feeble, sometimes irritating. The 
 exhorter often fails to win even where perhaps he succeeds
 
 INTEMPERANCE. 35 
 
 in convincing. The lesson that he teaches is that of 
 moderation, which is an excellent lesson for the strong, 
 but not the lesson which is needed by the weak. 
 He may do something to prevent some from falling 
 who now stand upright ; he can do little to save those 
 who are on the edge, or to rescue those who have fallen 
 already. 
 
 The burden of the work must be borne by those 
 who are willing to abstain entirely. But, on the other 
 hand, it cannot be said that everyone is bound to take 
 up this particular burden as part of his service of Christ. 
 Some are called to one form of devotion, some to 
 another. There can be no question that everyone who 
 abstains, and makes it known that he abstains for the 
 sake of his weaker fellow-men, is giving them help, and 
 in some cases more help than he knows, yet while men 
 are all bound to help their fellows, they are not all 
 bound to help them in the same manner or in the same 
 degree or against the same enemies. All are bound to 
 help the foreign mission work of the Church, but not all 
 are bound to be missionaries. All are bound to help in 
 spiritual work at home, but all are not called to the 
 same spiritual work. All are bound to help the weak 
 in their battle with intemperance, but not all to help 
 them by total abstinence in their own persons. 
 
 It seems reasonable, however, to say that those who 
 are brought much into contact with intemperance should 
 arm themselves with this weapon of total abstinence in 
 their own persons. It would be well that wherever this 
 battle with intemperance is of exceptional importance, 
 or forms for the time the first duty imposed on the 
 Clergy, total abstinence should be the weapon employed. 
 This applies not only to England, but still more to
 
 36 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 many places in other parts of the world where native 
 races have to be rescued from previous habits of in- 
 temperance, or to be upheld in their struggle to resist 
 temptations of this kind. 
 
 There is, however, much work to be done in this 
 cause outside the direct battle with intemperance itself. 
 And the Church cannot stand aloof from it. 
 
 It seems to belong to the Church to use its utmost 
 influence to press on all Governments the duty of 
 diminishing the enormous amount of temptation which 
 at present hinders the work of elevating and civilising 
 the masses. There can be no doubt that wise legis- 
 lation might do a great deal in this direction. The 
 diminution in the number of Public Houses, the shorten- 
 ing of the hours of sale, Sunday Closing, are instances 
 of legislative measures that would probably be very 
 beneficial. And a combination between Governments 
 might wipe out the grievous stain which now rests on 
 the countries that are counted foremost in the world — 
 the stain of degrading and destroying the weaker races. 
 It has pleased God to make the Christian nations 
 stronger than any other — stronger than all others com- 
 bined. But this strength brings with it a very solemn 
 responsibility. And this solemn responsibility the Church 
 ought incessantly to press on those who bear authority. 
 It is grievous that it should be possible to say, with any 
 most distant resemblance of truth, that it would be better 
 for native races that Christian nations should never come 
 into contact with them at all. 
 
 In conclusion, it is of importance to lay much stress 
 on the essential condition of permanent success in this 
 work, namely, that it should be taken up in a religious 
 spirit as part of Christian devotion to the Lord. The
 
 INTEMPERANCE. 37 
 
 work must be done in His Name for the sake of His 
 children whom He has bought with His Blood. A brief 
 success may be obtained by forgetting the religious 
 character of the task and thinking only of the misery 
 which intemperance causes, and of the degradation in- 
 herent in it. But the religious spirit alone will maintain 
 the conflict steadily through the obstinate resistance that 
 will have to be encountered, and in spite of the many 
 disappointments and failures that will have to be borne. 
 
 It is, again, the religious spirit which can alone re- 
 press the fanaticism which sometimes makes the total 
 abstainer talk of his abstinence as the one thing 
 needful ; which sometimes makes him uncharitable and 
 presumptuous ; which sometimes makes him think lightly 
 of grievous sin, provided it be not the one sin which he 
 condemns. 
 
 But taken up in a religious spirit this work has a 
 double blessing. It is not only blessed in the victory 
 ov^er sin and evil, but blessed also, and perhaps still 
 more, in the door which it opens for the whole Gospel 
 to enter men's souls. The conscience of the mass of the 
 people speaks more clearly on this point than, perhaps, 
 on any other. The Minister of the Gospel who begins 
 with this finds that a very large number are at once 
 ready to accept his teaching, because he carries their 
 consciences with him from the first. They have already 
 learnt that intemperance is wrong, and they are ready 
 to believe in the value of a Ministry which visibly and 
 systematically wages war on it. And having learnt to 
 trust and follow the Minister in this, they are far more 
 ready to trust and follow him in all else. To be all 
 things to all men, in order that he might save some, was 
 St. Paul's rule. And as things now are in many parishes,
 
 3S LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 and in many parts of the world, the same rule will be 
 best kept by those Ministers of the Church who make 
 a pomt of showing themselves thoroughly in earnest in 
 this great battle. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 F. LONDIN: 
 
 Chairman.
 
 39 
 
 No. 2.— PURITY. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE CHURCH'S PRACTICAL WORK IN RELATION TO 
 THE SUBJECT OF PURITY. 
 
 In submitting the following Report your Committee 
 would observe that they have cast it in such a form that, if 
 accepted, it may go forth as the utterance of the united 
 Conference. 
 
 We speak as those who are deeply conscious of their 
 responsibility before God for the words which they utter 
 upon a subject of tremendous moment. 
 
 Knowing, as we do know, how sins of impurity are 
 not only a grave public scandal, but are also festering 
 beneath the surface, and eating into the life of multi- 
 tudes in all classes and in all lands, we cannot keep 
 silence, although we dare not utter all that we know. 
 
 We are constrained, as Bishops of the Church of 
 God, to lift up the standard of a high and pure morality, 
 and we call upon all, whether of our own Communion 
 or not, in the name of God our common Father, to 
 rally round this standard. Especially do we press 
 
 Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Durham. {Chairman). Bishop of North Dakota. 
 
 Brechin. „ Shrewsbury. 
 
 Calcutta. „ Toronto. 
 
 Carhsle. „ Truro. 
 
 Marlborough. „ Wakefield. 
 Massachusetts.
 
 40 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 upon those on whom lies the responsibility of the cure 
 of souls, to face the question, and to ask themselves 
 what they are doing, or can do, to protect their flocks 
 from the deadly ravages of sensual sin. 
 
 We believe that, although the public conscience is in 
 some degree awakened, and the self-sacrificing efforts of 
 those who have laboured to this end have not been 
 wholly in vain, yet the awful magnitude of the evil is 
 but imperfectly realised. 
 
 We are not blind to the danger of dealing publicly 
 wtih the subject of impurity. We dread the effect, 
 especially upon the young, of any increased familiarity 
 with the details of sin. Notwithstanding we hold that 
 the time has come when the Church must speak with 
 no uncertain voice. 
 
 We solemnly declare that a life of purity is alone 
 worthy of a being created in the image of God. 
 
 We declare that for Christians the obligation to 
 purity rests upon the sanctity of the body, which is 
 the " Temple of the Holy Ghost." 
 
 We declare that a life of chastity for the unmarried 
 is not only possible, but is commanded by God. 
 
 We declare that there is no difference between man 
 and woman in the sinfulness of sins of unchastity. 
 
 We declare that on the man, in his God-given 
 strength of manhood, rests the main responsibility. 
 
 We declare that no one known to be living an 
 immoral life ought to be received in Christian society. 
 
 We solemnly protest against all lowering of the 
 sanctity of marriage. 
 
 We would remind all whom our voice may reach 
 that the wrath of God, alike in holy Scripture and in 
 the history of the world, has been revealed against the 
 nations which have transgressed the law of purity ;
 
 PURITY. 41 
 
 and we solemnly record our conviction that, wherever 
 marriage is dishonoured and sins of the flesh are lightly- 
 regarded, the home-life will be destroyed, and the nation 
 itself will, sooner or later, decay and perish. 
 
 We, on our part, as Bishops of the Church of God, 
 satisfied as to the gravity of this matter, and feeling 
 that nothing short of general action on the part of all 
 Christian people will avail to arrest the evil, determine 
 to confer with the Clergy and faithful Laity of our 
 several Diocese as to the wisest steps to be taken for 
 the accomplishment of the weighty enterprise to which 
 God is calling us. 
 
 We believe that we may profitably deliberate upon 
 such questions as the following : — 
 
 1. How best to bring about a general reformation of 
 manners, and to enforce a higher moral tone in the 
 matter of purity. 
 
 2. How especially to guard the sanctity of marriage, 
 and to create a healthier public opinion upon the subject, 
 and, to this end, how best to make the celebration of 
 Holy Matrimony as reverent and impressive as possible. 
 
 3. How most wisely to deal with this difficult and 
 delicate question as regards our children, our homes, our 
 schools, and other places of education. 
 
 4. How best to strengthen the hands of those who 
 are striving in the Army, the Navy, and other public 
 services, to create and maintain a high standard of 
 purity. 
 
 5. How best to provide safeguards for those who, 
 from inability to marry, or from other circumstances of 
 their lives, are exposed to special temptation. 
 
 6. How best to bind together, and to encourage by 
 the sense of union, all who desire to help, or to be 
 helped, in the battle against impurity.
 
 42 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 7. How best to purify art and literature, and to 
 repress all that is immodest in language, manners, and 
 dress. 
 
 8. How best to enforce or amend the laws framed 
 to guard the innocent, to punish the guilty, to rescue 
 the fallen, to suppress the haunts of vice, and to remove 
 temptation from our thoroughfares. 
 
 We thank God for the readiness, and even enthusiasm, 
 with which the movement in favour of purity has been 
 welcomed by young men of every class. There is a 
 generosity and chivalry among the young which is 
 seldom appealed to in vain ; while large numbers are 
 deeply thankful for every aid in the desperate battle 
 against the sins of the flesh. 
 
 Once more, as witnesses for God, we would speak to 
 all whom our voice may reach. " Be strong in the Lord, 
 and in the power of His might." Live pure lives. 
 Speak pure words. Think pure thoughts. Shun and 
 abhor all that is not of perfect modesty. Guard with 
 all jealousy the weak and the young. Above all pray 
 for the sanctifying grace of the Holy Spirit of God, 
 "that your whole spirit and soul and body may be 
 preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ." 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 J. B. DUNELM, 
 
 Chairman,
 
 43 
 
 No. 3.— DIVORCE. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE SUBJECT OF DIVORCE. 
 
 The Committee appointed to consider the subject 
 of " Divorce, and the question whether it may be 
 practicable to offer any advice or suggestion which may 
 help the Bishops and Clergy towards agreement in their 
 action concerning it," report as follows : — 
 
 They think it necessary to call attention to the fact 
 that in very many Christian nations there is evidently 
 a growing laxity of principle and of practice with regard 
 to Divorce, and that in some countries strong attempts 
 have been made to afford further facilities for it, with the 
 result of weakening and lowering, both in law and in 
 popular sentiment, the idea of the sanctity of marriage. 
 
 1. They therefore consider it important to declare 
 that, inasmuch as our Lord's words expressly forbid 
 Divorce, except in the case of fornication or adultery, 
 the Christian Church cannot recognise Divorce in any 
 other than the excepted case, or give any sanction to 
 the mxarriage of any person who has been divorced 
 contrary to this law, during the life of the other party. 
 
 2. They would add that under no circumstances 
 
 ''- Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Chester {Chair )iian). Bishop of Huron. 
 
 „ Bombay. „ Maryland. 
 
 „ Dover. ,, Mississippi. 
 
 Durham. „ Quincy. 
 
 „ Singapore.
 
 44 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 ought the guilty party, in a case of Divorce for fornica- 
 tion or adultery, to be regarded, during the lifetime of 
 the innocent party, as a fit recipient of the blessing of 
 the Church on marriage. 
 
 3. They recognise the fact that there always has 
 been a difference of opinion in the Church on the ques- 
 tion whether our Lord meant to forbid marriage to 
 the innocent party in a Divorce for adultery : and they 
 recommend that the Clergy should not be instructed 
 to refuse the Sacraments or other privileges of the 
 Church to those who, under civil sanction, are thus 
 married. 
 
 4. But whereas doubt has been entertained whether 
 our Lord meant to permit such marriage to the innocent 
 party, the Committee are unwilling to suggest any precise 
 instructions in this matter, and recommend that, where 
 the laws of the land will permit, the determination 
 should be left to the judgment of the Bishop of the 
 Diocese, whether the Clergy would be justified in re- 
 fraining from pronouncing the blessing of the Church 
 on such unions. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 W. CESTR: 
 
 Chairman,
 
 45 
 
 No. 4.— POLYGAMY. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CON- 
 SIDER THE SUBJECT OF POLYGAMY OF HEATHEN 
 CONVERTS. 
 
 Your Committee have approached the consideration 
 of the subject submitted to them with an overwhelming 
 sense of their responsibihties ; inasmuch as the question 
 intimately affects the sanctity of marriage, and therefore 
 lies at the root of social morality. 
 
 After considering various representations which have 
 been laid before them from divers quarters, they beg 
 leave to report as follows : — 
 
 1. Your Committee desire to affirm distinctly that 
 Polygamy is inconsistent with the law of Christ respect- 
 ing marriage. 
 
 2. They cannot find that either the law of Christ or 
 the usage of the early Church would permit the baptism 
 of any man living in the practice of polygamy, even 
 though the polygamous alliances should have been 
 contracted before his conversion. 
 
 3. They are well aware that the change from 
 polygamy to monogamy must frequently involve great 
 
 * Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Durham {Chairuiaji). Bishop of The Niger. 
 
 „ Central Africa. Bishop Perry. 
 
 „ Chester. Bishop of Sierra Leone. 
 „ Exeter. „ South Dakota. 
 
 „ Guiana. „ Travancore. 
 
 „ London. „ Waiapu. 
 
 „ Meath. „ Zululand. 
 
 „ Missouri.
 
 46 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 difficulty and even hardship, but they are of opinion 
 that it is not possible to lay down a precise rule to be 
 observed under all circumstances in dealing with this 
 difficulty. 
 
 They consequently think that the question of time 
 and manner, which must depend largely on local cir- 
 cumstances, can only be determined by local authority. 
 
 4. Your Committee recommend that persons living 
 in polygamy should, on their conversion, be accepted as 
 candidates for Baptism, and kept under Christian in- 
 struction until such time as they shall be in a position 
 to accept the law of Christ. 
 
 They consider it far better that Baptism should be 
 withheld from such persons, while nevertheless they 
 receive instruction in the truths of the Gospel, than that 
 a measure should be sanctioned which would tend to 
 lower the conception of the Christian law of marriage, 
 and thus inflict an irreparable wound on the morality 
 of the Christian Church in its most vital part. 
 
 5. The wives of polygamists may, in the opinion of 
 the Committee, be admitted, in some cases, to Baptism ; 
 inasmuch as their position is materially different from 
 that of the polygamist husband. In most countries 
 where polygamy prevails they have no personal freedom 
 to contract or dissolve a matrimonial alliance ; and more- 
 over they presumably do not violate the Christian precept 
 which enjoins fidelity to one husband. 
 
 6. In carrying into effect the principles here laid 
 down, with due regard to the dictates of love and justice, 
 serious burdens will in some cases be imposed on the 
 Churches, but no trouble, or cost, or self-sacrifice, ought 
 to be spared to make any suffering which may be caused 
 as light and easy to bear as possible. 
 
 7. Difficult questions of detail which may arise in
 
 POLYGAMY. 47 
 
 following these recommendations must be left to the 
 decision of the local authorities of the Church, whether 
 Diocesan or Provincial. 
 
 8. Throughout this Report polygamy has been taken 
 to mean the union of one man with several wives ; 
 but among some tribes the union of one woman with 
 several husbands is a recognised institution. It will be 
 plain that no such union can be recognised by the 
 Church. 
 
 9. It has been represented to your Committee that 
 heathen marriages in many cases do not imply a mutual 
 pledge of life-long fidelity ; and instruction has been asked 
 as to the mode of dealing with such cases on the conversion 
 of the contracting parties, so as to impart a Christian 
 character to the contract. The Committee think it best 
 
 to leave the local authorities of the Church to determine 
 in what way this end may be best attained ; but they 
 deprecate any course which would tend to impair the 
 validity (within their own sphere) of contracts undertaken 
 prior to conversion, so far as these contracts are not 
 inconsistent with the law of Christ. 
 
 10. In laying down the principles which should rule 
 the admission of Christian converts for the future, the 
 Committee have no intention of passing any censure on 
 those who have decided otherwise in the past ; and 
 they desire to leave to individual Bishops the responsi- 
 bility of dealing with difficulties which may arise in any 
 part of the mission-field from the adoption of a different 
 line of action heretofore by those in authority. 
 
 J. B. DUNELM, 
 
 ChairmafL
 
 48 
 
 No. 5.— SUNDAY OBSERVANCE. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE SUBJECT OF THE OBSERVANCE OF SUNDAY. 
 
 Your Committee have met, and prayerfully con- 
 sidered the subject of the sanctity and observance of 
 the Lord's Day, and have agreed to the following 
 statements of their deliberate judgment on this momen- 
 tous question, which they submit as their Report : — 
 
 1. That the principle of the religious observance 
 
 of one day in seven is of Divine and primeval 
 obligation, and was afterwards embodied in 
 the Fourth Commandment. 
 
 2. That from the time of our Lord's Resurrection 
 
 the first day of the week was observed as a 
 day of sacred joy by Christians, and was 
 erelong adopted by the Church as the 
 Christian Sabbath or "the Lord's Day." 
 
 3. That the observance of the Lord's Day as a day 
 
 of rest, of worship, and of religious teaching, 
 has been a priceless blessing in all Christian 
 lands in which it has been maintained. 
 
 4. That the growing license in its observance 
 
 threatens a grave change in its sacred and 
 beneficent character. 
 
 * Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Exeter {Chairman). Bishop of Indiana. 
 „ Argyll. „ Liverpool. 
 
 „ Brisbane. „ Wakefield. 
 
 „ Cashel. „ Washington.
 
 SUNDAY OBSERVANCE. 49 
 
 5. That especially the increasing practice on the 
 
 part of some of the wealthy and leisurely 
 classes of making the day a day of secular 
 amusement is most strongly to be depre- 
 cated. 
 
 6. That the most careful regard should be had to 
 
 the danger of any encroachment upon the 
 rest which on this day is the right of servants 
 as well as their masters, and of the working 
 classes as well as their employers. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 E. H. EXON., 
 
 Chairman,
 
 50 
 
 No. 6.— SOCIALISM. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE'^ APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE SUBJECT OF THE CHURCH'S PRACTICAL WORK 
 IN RELATION TO SOCIALISM. 
 
 This Committee was directed to report " on the 
 Church's practical work in relation to Socialism." It will 
 be desirable therefore, in the first place, to ascertain, if 
 possible, what is the meaning of Socialism. This, how- 
 ever, is not easy, as the word is used at present in very- 
 different senses. When Proudhon was asked. What is 
 Socialism ? he replied, " It is every aspiration towards 
 the improvement of society." Laveleye remarks upon 
 this answer, that " Proudhon's definition is too wide : — 
 it omits two characteristics. In the first place, every 
 socialistic doctrine aims at introducing greater equality 
 into social conditions ; and, secondly, it tries to realise 
 those reforms by the action of the law or the State." So 
 far, however, as this definition makes the interference of 
 the State a necessary element of Socialism, it is not 
 universally accepted. Schaffle, for instance, says : — "The 
 Alpha and Omega of Socialism is the transformation of 
 private competing capitals into a united collective 
 
 Names of the Members of the Committee :— 
 
 tBishop of Manchester Bishop of Mississippi. 
 
 {Chairman). „ Pittsburgh. 
 
 „ Brisbane. „ Rochester. 
 
 „ CarHsle. „ Sydney. 
 
 „ Derry. „ Wakefield. 
 „ Michigan.
 
 SOCIALISM. 51 
 
 capital;" and T. Kirkup, in a thoughtful article on So- 
 cialism in the last edition of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 
 affirms that "the central aim of Socialism is to terminate 
 the divorce of the workers from the natural sources of 
 subsistence and of culture ; " and, again, he says, " the 
 essence of the theory consists in this — associated pro- 
 duction, with a collective capital, with the view to an 
 equitable distribution." Speaking broadly, then, and 
 with reference to such definitions as the preceding, any 
 scheme of social reconstruction may be called Socialism 
 which aims at uniting labour and the instruments of 
 labour (land and capital), whether by means of the State, 
 or of the help of the rich, or of the voluntary co-operation 
 of the poor. 
 
 Between Socialism, as thus defined, and Chris- 
 tianity there is obviously no necessary contradiction. 
 Christianity sets forth no theory of the distribution of 
 the instruments or the products of labour ; and if, 
 therefore, some Socialists are found to be in opposition 
 to the Christian religion, this must be due to the 
 accidents and not to the essence of their social creed. 
 Some Socialists are atheists, others advocate loose 
 doctrines as to family ties, others, like the Anarchists, 
 seek to realise their aims, so far as they have any, 
 by undisguised murder and robbery, while, according 
 to some, the very possession of private property is a 
 usurpation and a wrong to the community. With 
 such men the Christian Church can form no alliance. 
 And yet at the same time with what they profess to 
 be their central aim, the improvement of the material 
 and moral condition of the poor, she must have the 
 deepest sympathy. Their methods, indeed, are not 
 hers. Spoliation or injustice in any form is abhorrent 
 alike to her sentiment and belief She has no faith in
 
 52 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 the inherent power of humanity to redeem itself from 
 selfishness. She seeks to make men prosperous and 
 wise and good, not by the force of laws or bayonets, 
 but by the change of individual hearts, and the intro- 
 duction of a new brotherhood in Christ. 
 
 Not the less, however, is she bound, following the 
 teaching of her Master, to aid every wise endeavour 
 which has for its object the material and moral 
 welfare of the poor. Her Master taught her that all 
 men are brethren, not because they share the same 
 blood, but because they have a common Heavenly 
 Father. He further taught her that if any of the 
 members of this spiritual family were greater, richer, or 
 better than the rest, they were bound to use their special 
 means or ability in the service of the whole. *^ He 
 that is greatest among you," He said, " shall be your 
 servant," — and that for a special reason, because each 
 disciple was bound to imitate his Divine Master, " Who 
 came not to be ministered unto but to minister, and to 
 give His life a ransom for many." 
 
 The Church's practical duty, then, towards Socialism 
 must be determined by the answer to this question, will 
 the union of labour and the instruments of labour 
 tend to improve the material, mental, and moral con- 
 dition of mankind ? Experience seems to show that 
 it will. 
 
 It may still, however, be a question, what is the 
 wisest metJiod of bringing about this union between 
 labour and its instruments } Two principal schemes 
 have been proposed : — 
 
 (i) That labourers shall be encouraged in habits of 
 thrift, in order that with the property thus acquired they 
 may purchase land, or shares in societies for co-opera- 
 tive production.
 
 SOCIALISM. 53 
 
 (2) That the State shall take possession of the whole 
 land and capital of any country, with or without com- 
 pensation to their former owners ; that the property thus 
 nationalised, shall be held in trust for the community by 
 the State, the Commune, or associations of working 
 men ; that then the State, the Commune, or the associa- 
 tion as the case may be, shall take measures for the 
 preservation, increase, and employment of the common 
 capital, requiring work from each man according to his 
 ability, and bestowing property upon each man accord- 
 ing to his needs, or the value of his labour. Minor 
 modifications of this scheme, tending to bring it into 
 closer harmony with the existing state of society, have 
 been proposed by some Socialistic teachers, but still it 
 may be taken as a substantially correct representation 
 of the ultimiate aim of very many. 
 
 To this second method of uniting labour and its 
 instruments the Committee would urge the following 
 objections : — (i) If full compensation were given to the 
 present holders of property the scheme could hardly be 
 realised, while if full compensation were withheld it 
 would become one of undisguised spoliation. (2) If 
 Government were able to acquire just possession of the 
 whole property of a community, it is difficult to see how 
 the affairs of any great commercial undertaking could 
 be conducted by the State or the Commune with the 
 energy, economy, and sagacious foresight which are 
 necessary to secure success. (3) If all men had to work 
 under State or Communal inspection and compulsion, it 
 would be difficult for them to retain freedom, the sense 
 of parental responsibility, and those numerous traits 
 of individuality which give richness to the human 
 character. 
 
 The Committee strongly recommend the adoption of
 
 54 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 
 
 the first-named method. They believe that it will be 
 well to encourage working men to become possessors of 
 small farms, and of shares in societies for co-operative 
 production in trade and agriculture. They are not un- 
 aware that these societies have frequently failed, but 
 they believe that the opinion is not without its weight, 
 that if due care be taken to secure efficient and trust- 
 worthy managers, to pay them an adequate salary, and 
 to treat them with a generous confidence, there is no 
 reason why such undertakings should not become suc- 
 cessful, as indeed they commonly are now, when their 
 management is in competent hands. 
 
 Two objections have been frequently advanced against 
 this method of diminishing the present distress : ist, that 
 it is unjust to let anyone but the labourer obtain posses- 
 sion of any part of the products of his labour ; and, 
 2ndly, that no man of property or ability ought to seek 
 personal profit from the employment of his special 
 advantages, or ought even to be allowed to become the 
 permanent owner of either land or capital. 
 
 The first objection is not tenable. The Committee 
 hold that it is just (i) to pay high wages for excep- 
 tional ability ; (2) to compensate for his abstinence 
 the man who refrains from consuming his own share of 
 the products of labour, and by so doing makes it possible 
 to maintain and increase the capital of the community ; 
 (3) to allow anyone to convert his savings into the form 
 of capital or estate. 
 
 The second objection is really founded upon the 
 general spirit of our Lord's teaching — viz., that greatness, 
 ability, or wealth should be made the means of service 
 to the poor and weak without special fee or reward. 
 The Committee fully admit that this is the ideal set 
 before us by our Divine Master, and that it is the end,
 
 SOCIALISM. 55 
 
 towards which we should press, as quickly as the con- 
 quest of selfishness will allow us. But they hold that 
 there is no surer cause of failure in practical affairs, 
 than the effort to act on an ideal which has not yet been 
 realised. If the Church is to act safely as well as sub- 
 limely, she must take the self-regarding motives with 
 her on the long path by which she advances towards 
 the perfect, life of love. She must not assume the 
 existence of what does not yet exist. She must not, 
 like the Anarchists, destroy the whole existing frame- 
 work of society for the sake of making experiments. 
 Nay, more, she must not ignore the fact that self- 
 regard is the necessary condition of self-preservation, 
 and that her Master's law of moral conduct, that each 
 shall love his neighbour as himself, implies a certain 
 amount of self-regard. Competition is not injurious in 
 itself, it only becomes so when it is unrestricted, when 
 it takes no counsel of the dictates of brotherly love. 
 
 The Committee do not doubt that Governm.ent can 
 do much to protect the class known as proletarians from 
 the evil effects of unchecked competition. The English 
 poor law has long ago provided the bare necessaries of 
 life for those who cannot otherwise obtain them ; the 
 institution of State Savings Banks has provided for the 
 poor man a safe investment and moderate return for his 
 savings. Acts of Parliament have required the builders 
 and owners of houses to have regard for the health and 
 comfort of their tenants, while the factory legislation of 
 this country has eftectually protected those labourers 
 who cannot protect themselves. The Committee believe, 
 further, that the State may justly and safely extend 
 this protective action in several directions. It may 
 legalise the formation of Boards of Arbitration, to 
 avert the disastrous effects of strikes. It may assist
 
 56 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 in the formation and maintenance of technical schools. 
 It may see that powers, already existing, under Sanitary 
 Acts, are more effectually exercised. It may facilitate 
 the acquisition by Municipalities of town lands. The 
 State may even encourage a wider distribution of 
 property by the abolition of entail, where it exists ; and 
 it may be questioned whether the system of taxation 
 might not be varied in a sense more favourable to the 
 claims of labourers than that which now exists. 
 
 But, after all, the best help is self-help. More even 
 than increase of income, and security of deposit, thrift 
 and self-restraint are the necessary elements of material 
 prosperity. And in encouraging and strengthening such 
 habits and feelings the Church's help is invaluable. By 
 requiring some knowledge of economic science from her 
 candidates for orders ; by forming and fostering institu- 
 tions for the provision of practical education and rational 
 recreation ; by establishing penny banks and workmen's 
 guilds ; above all, by inducing capitalists to admit their 
 workmen to profit-sharing, and by teaching artisans how 
 to make co-operative production successful, she may do 
 much to diminish discontent, and to increase the feeling 
 of brotherly interest between class and class. The Clergy 
 may enter into friendly relations with Socialists, attend- 
 ing, when possible, their club meetings, and trying to 
 understand their aims and methods. At the same time 
 it will contribute no little to draw together the various 
 classes of society if the Clergy endeavour, in sermons 
 and lectures, to set forth the true principles of Society, 
 showing how property is a trust to be administered for 
 the good of humanity, and how much of what is good 
 and true in Socialism is to be found in the precepts of 
 Christ. The call to aid the weak, through works of 
 what is ordinarily known as charity, has been, at all
 
 SOCIALISM. 57 
 
 times, faithfully pressed by the Church of Christ, and 
 has been met by a noble response, which has been the 
 chief strength of works of beneficence in modern 
 Society. But the matter is one, not merely of Charity, 
 but of Social and Christian Duty. It is in this light that 
 the Church has to proclaim it in these critical times, with 
 som^ special boldness and earnestness. At the same 
 time the word of warning should not be wanting. Mutual 
 suspicion and the imputation of selfish and unworthy 
 motives keep apart those who have, in fact, a common 
 aim. Intestine strife and doctrines of spoliation destroy 
 confidence, arrest trade, and will but increase misery. 
 
 The Committee believe that, in the present condition 
 of thought and knowledge, they cannot wisely or profit- 
 ably go further than they have done above in the way of 
 detailed suggestion. There is the less temptation to 
 overhaste in forcing on social experiments, inasmuch as 
 the history of the past shows convincingly that the 
 principles of the Gospel contain germs from which 
 Social renovation is surely, if slowly, developed by the 
 continuous action of Christian thought and feeling upon 
 every form of evil and suffering. If all will only labour, 
 under the impulse of Christian love, for the highest 
 benefit of each, we shall advance by the shortest possible 
 path to that better and happier future for which our 
 Master taught us to hope and pray. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 J. MANCHESTER, 
 
 Chairman.
 
 58 
 
 No. 7.— CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE CHURCH'S PRACTICAL WORK IN RELATION TO 
 THE CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 
 
 In considering the question of the practical work of 
 the Church in relation to the Care of Emigrants, your 
 Committee have limited their inquiries and the recom- 
 mendations which they desire to submit to the 
 judgment of the Conference, to those points which bear 
 on the promotion of the religious and moral well-being 
 of our emigrants. They are of opinion that the wider 
 subject of encouraging and assisting emigration is 
 outside the scope of their deliberations, and, even 
 were this not the case, that it is far too large a question 
 to be adequately dealt with in the time at their disposal. 
 
 I. In the first place, your Committee feel that they 
 cannot too strongly emphasise the vast importance of 
 the subject entrusted to them for consideration. They 
 believe that the problem is one of the most urgent and 
 pressing of the many problems with which the Church 
 has to deal at the present day. And they cannot but 
 think that before many years have passed away, the 
 
 * Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Llandaff {Chairjnan). Bishop of North Dakota. 
 
 „ Algoma. „ North Queensland. 
 
 „ Liverpool. „ Pittsburgh. 
 
 „ Maritzburg. „ Quebec. 
 
 „ Newark. „ Rupertsland. 
 
 J, Niagara. „ Sodor and Man.
 
 CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 59 
 
 difficulties of dealing with the problem will be im- 
 measurably increased ; and thus it becomes of paramount 
 necessity that the machinery for coping with these 
 difficulties should be organised and set in motion while 
 the extent of emigration is such as to render this 
 possible. 
 
 When once the machinery is in good working order, 
 it will then be capable of almost indefinite extension, to 
 meet the increasing demands upon its capacities. 
 
 {a) Foremost among the reasons which point to 
 the importance of due provision being made for the 
 spiritual care of our emigrants is this : — Those who 
 leave the British Isles and go forth to seek their fortune 
 in new lands, choose, for the most part, either the 
 United States of America, or Canada, or some of the 
 Colonies of Australia. Of these a very large number 
 are children of one or another BrancJi of the Anglican 
 Communion, and, as such, have a right to expect that 
 the Anglican Church will duly minister to them in 
 whatever part of the world their lot may be cast. An 
 enormous responsibility lies upon the Church in this 
 matter, and it is her duty, so far as in her lies, to 
 prevent estrangement, or any loss of spiritual life in her 
 children, through the accident of their removal from 
 one Branch of the Anglican Church to another. 
 
 {b) The simple consideration of the very large ?iumber 
 of emigrants ^\io have left and who are still leaving British 
 Ports, is a sufficient indication of the immense responsi- 
 bility of the Church towards them. Since the year of 
 the Battle of Waterloo (1S15) the total number of 
 emigrants leaving the United Kingdom has been 
 11,740,573. But a truer estimate of the great increase 
 in later years is shown from the fact that, during the 
 last 10 years, since the Lambeth Conference of 1878,
 
 6o 
 
 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 3,195,660 out of the above-named 11 millions have left 
 this country. This gives an average of 319,566 
 emigrants per annum (including British subjects and 
 foreigners). The average is, however, now greatly ex- 
 ceeded every year, as the following figures will show : — 
 
 British and Irish Emigrants who have 
 left British Ports in the last 10 years. 
 
 In i8;8 . 
 
 . 112,902 
 
 „ 1879 . 
 
 . 164,274 
 
 „ 1880 . 
 
 . 227,542 
 
 „ 1881 . 
 
 . 243,002 
 
 „ 1882 . 
 
 . 279,366 
 
 „ 1883 . 
 
 . 320,118 
 
 „ 1884 . 
 
 . 242,179 
 
 „ 1885 . 
 
 . 207,644 
 
 „ 1886 . 
 
 . 232,900 
 
 . 1887 . 
 
 . 281,487 
 
 Total ... 
 
 2,311,414 
 
 Total number of Emigrants, inclu- 
 ding British subjects and Foreigners, 
 who have left British Ports in the 
 last 10 years. 
 
 Average per Annum] 
 
 of British and [231,141 
 Irish Emigrants J 
 
 [n 1878 . 
 
 • 147,663 
 
 „ 1879 . 
 
 • 217,163 
 
 „ 1880 . 
 
 • 332,294 
 
 „ 1881 . 
 
 • 392,514 
 
 „ 1882 . 
 
 . 413,288 
 
 „ 1883 . 
 
 • 397,157 
 
 „ 1884 . 
 
 .. 303,901 
 
 „ 1885 . 
 
 . 264,385 
 
 „ 1886 . 
 
 . 330,801 
 
 „ 1887 . 
 
 • 396,494 
 
 Total ... 3,195,660 
 
 ^S7™lgta"ntr1 319.S66 
 
 By far the largest proportion of emigrants go to the 
 United States. The percentage, in 1887, to the three 
 chief fields of emigration was as follows : — To the United 
 States, 72 per cent. ; to British North America, 11 per 
 cent. ; to the Australasian Colonies, 12 per cent. ; to all 
 other places, 5 per cent. The following table shows 
 the distribution of the actual number of emigrants in 
 1887 :—
 
 CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 
 
 6i 
 
 Emigrants (British and Irish 
 only) 1887. 
 
 Total Emigrants (British and 
 Foreign) 1887. 
 
 To the United 
 
 To the United 
 
 States ... 201,526 
 
 States ... 296,901 
 
 „ British North 
 
 „ British North 
 
 America ... 32,025 
 
 America . . . 44,406 
 
 „ Australasia .. 34,183 
 
 „ Australasia. 35,198 
 
 „ all other places 13,753 
 
 „ all other places 19,989 
 
 281,487 
 
 396,494 
 
 Thus, very nearly three-fourths of the 396,494 people 
 who left the United Kingdom last year were of British 
 or Irish origin, whose spiritual interests the Church can- 
 not properly disregard. 
 
 (c) A third reason for urging the importance of the 
 care of our emigrants is the danger to which they are 
 exposed between the time of their leaving their old home 
 and the time when they are finally established in their 
 new one. 
 
 The dangers on the voyage are by no means in- 
 consid-erable. The impossibility, when 500 or more 
 emigrants are carried in one vessel, of separating the 
 reckless and careless from those who are thoughtful and 
 well-disposed, exposes the latter to great temptations. 
 This is especially the case with young unmarried women. 
 Then, again, the dangers are no less great at the port of 
 arrival, where young persons, among strangers and sur- 
 roundings which are new and unknown, are liable to 
 fall a prey to the unscrupulous men and women who 
 are ever on the watch, at such times, to take advantage 
 of ignorance and innocence. And, perhaps, the greatest 
 danger of all arises from the temptations to intem- 
 perance and other vices to which the emigrants are 
 exposed on arrival at their new settlement. 
 
 E
 
 62 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 (d) One more point remains to be mentioned under 
 this head, and that is, the enormous value of the oppor- 
 timity afforded by the softening influence which is 
 brought about by the severance of the associations of 
 home and early Hfe, for awakening rehgious impressions 
 in those who have hitherto been insensible to the 
 Church's teaching, as well as for deepening the spiritual 
 life of those who are true Christians. Wherever this 
 opportunity is taken advantage of, the result is seen 
 in the strengthening of the Church in the country to 
 which the emigrant goes. 
 
 Having thus dwelt upon some of the chief reasons 
 why the spiritual care of emigrants is of such supreme 
 importance, your Committee proceed to consider — 
 
 What work has already been done in this direction. 
 
 What work still remains to be done. 
 
 II. Work which has already been done. 
 
 Your Committee have pleasure in acknowledging 
 what has already been accomplished in the establishment 
 and continuance of moral and religious work among 
 emigrants. The Society for Promoting Christian Know- 
 ledge has organised a plan which is working with much 
 success, and which, when further developed, promises to 
 be of the highest value to the Church. Your Committee 
 desire to express their hearty sense of the gratitude 
 which is due for the admirable work carried on by 
 that Society, which has always been at the head of 
 all religious efforts on behalf of emigrants. They 
 would also acknowledge with thankfulness the meri- 
 torious work which has been done by other Societies, 
 especially at the Port of London, and notably that 
 w^hich has been undertaken by the St. Andrew's Water- 
 side Mission.
 
 CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 63 
 
 Without being able to give a complete account of 
 every attempt made to assist and benefit emigrants, it 
 is gratifying to be able to point to the following efforts, 
 which have been successfully carried out, and which 
 have led to valuable results : — 
 
 {a) Chaplains have been appointed at all the ports of 
 departure in the United Kingdom, whose duty it is to 
 minister to emigrants ; to arrange services for them, both 
 before starting and on the voyage ; to give them intro- 
 ductions to Clergymen abroad ; and generally to arrange 
 for their reception by the Church in the new country to 
 which they are travelling. 
 
 {b) The Church in the United States of America has 
 initiated a most important work, in having appointed 
 Chaplains at New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, 
 whose duty it is to give such spiritual aid as is possible 
 to arriving. immigrants, and to commend them further to 
 the Church at their ultimate destination inland. 
 
 (c) Chaplains who accompany emigrants on the 
 voyage, and who minister to them, and hold frequent 
 services on board, have also been appointed on many 
 vessels going to America, Australia and New Zealand, 
 and the Cape. The great value of having such Chaplains 
 on board is evident, and this is especially the case on 
 the long-voyage ships to Australia and the Cape. The 
 financial burden of the remuneration of these Chaplains 
 is borne by the S.P.C.K. 
 
 {d) In order to provide due protection for girls and 
 single women emigrating, matrons (other than the 
 regular Government Emigrant Matrons) have from time 
 to time been appointed, who are required to look after 
 their charges during the voyage and on arrival at their 
 destination. The help derived from their protection and 
 the moral influence of the matrons has been largely felt.
 
 64 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 In this branch of the work your Committee desire to 
 acknowledge the valuable services rendered by the 
 Girls' Friendly Society. 
 
 (e) Clergymen living in all parts of the world have 
 consented to allow persons emigrating to be specially 
 commended to them by letter, and they have given 
 valuable assistance and advice to emigrants when first 
 settling in a new country. 
 
 (/) The publication of some thousands of handbooks 
 for the use of emigrants has in the past proved a 
 valuable help to them. These books contain parti- 
 culars about the various Colonies, and other matters 
 likely to be of assistance. The recent establishment by 
 the English Government of an " Emigrants Information 
 Office," where books, leaflets, and information may be 
 had, is found to be of very great service. 
 
 (g) A large number of books (Bibles, Prayer-books, 
 and other books of a religious or interesting nature) 
 have been provided for the emigrants on their outward 
 voyage. Many of these have been given away, and in 
 this manner religious teaching and influence have been 
 brought to bear upon them. 
 
 (k) Forms of Letters of Commendation for the use 
 of emigrants have been issued in large numbers,* and it 
 is most desirable that Clergymen should provide them- 
 selves with these letters. The Clergyman of the parish 
 in which the intending emigrant resides should fill up 
 such forms, and address to a Bishop or Clergyman 
 of the Church abroad, where the emigrant intends to 
 settle. Where these letters have been given, they have 
 been proved to be of real value, as forming a link 
 
 * For a copy of this Form, see Schedule A.
 
 CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 65 
 
 between home and foreign countries, and securing for 
 the emigrant a welcome from the Church. 
 
 III. Work still remaining to be done. 
 
 Your Committee consider that, notwithstanding the 
 praiseworthy efforts made and carried out, for the moral 
 and spiritual welfare of emigrants, a very large and 
 increasing amount of work lies before the Church, which 
 calls for immediate, earnest, and united action on the 
 part of every branch of the Anglican Communion. They 
 consider that this work may be attempted in two ways : 
 (i.) as a development and improvement of existing 
 organisations ; and (ii.) as a new departure. 
 
 (A) Under the head of the^^^^ lopment of organisa- 
 tions which already exist, your Committee would men- 
 tion the following suggestions which seem to be of 
 importance : — 
 
 (i) That the English Bishops should impress upon 
 the Parochial Clergy, at Diocesan Conferences and on 
 other occasions, the solemn duty {a) of providing that 
 not one of their Parishioners be allowed to leave home 
 without being provided with a Letter of Commendation 
 to the Church abroad, stating particularly whether they 
 have been baptised and confirmed, or are communicants; 
 {b) of informing intending emigrants that the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in the United States of America is 
 the only Church in the United States which is in full 
 communion with the Church of England. 
 
 (2) That it is expedient that letters should be sent 
 from England (in addition to the above Commendatory 
 Letters), to precede the emigrant on his journey out. 
 These letters should be sent to the Bishop abroad, and 
 should give notice of the intended arrival of the 
 emigrant, adding such information with regard to 
 character and qualifications as may be of assistance to.
 
 66 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 the Bishop or Clergyman to whom the emigrant is 
 commended. 
 
 (3) That the Bishops In the Colonies and In the 
 United States of America be urged to press upon their 
 Clergy the duty of prompt attention to such Com- 
 mendatory Letters as may be presented to them from 
 emigrants, either directly or through the Bishops. 
 
 (4) That the attention of the Church In the United 
 States be called to the extreme desirability and need of 
 at once Increasing the number of Immigrant Chaplains 
 at New York and other ports, where at present the 
 number of emigrants makes It Impossible for the exist- 
 ing staff to minister adequately to those who arrive. At 
 New York especially It would seem that these Increased 
 Church ministrations should be supplied with as little 
 delay as possible. 
 
 (5) That, with the view of increasing the number 
 of Chaplains who shall accompany emigrants on the 
 voyage, the Clergy should be specially invited, when 
 travelling to the Colonies, to take every opportunity 
 of acting as Chaplains on board emigrant shlps."^ 
 
 (6) That, in consideration of the great Influence 
 exercised upon emigrants by the Government Matron 
 on board-ship, It is Important that care be taken In the 
 selection of good Christian women for the office. 
 
 (B) Your Committee feel that the work which has 
 already been attempted for the spiritual welfare of our 
 emigrants has been carried out by the best methods, 
 and therefore their recommendations for the future 
 have been mainly devoted to the development and ex- 
 tension of existing organisations. 
 
 * Full information as to the duties of such Chaplains, and of 
 the remuneration which can in some cases be offered them, is 
 obtainable from the S.P.C.K.
 
 CARE OF EMIGRANTS. 6/ 
 
 They would, however, suggest for consideration the 
 following {our points of new departtLvey as being, in their 
 opinion, of paramount importance at the present time: — 
 
 (i) That the Church in Australasia and in Canada 
 be urged to provide more adequate spiritual ministra- 
 tions for immigrants at the ports of arrival, by the 
 appointment of Chaplains whose whole time could, if 
 necessary, be devoted to the work. 
 
 (2) That it is most desirable to establish homes for 
 emigrants at the ports of departure and arrival, where 
 those needing protection or care may be received. 
 
 (3) That the Archbishops of Canterbury and York 
 and the Bishop of London be requested to prepare 
 a Form of Prayer for Use at Sea, having regard to 
 the special needs of emigrants. 
 
 (4) That it would be of great service if more fre- 
 quent and regular interchange of reports of work done, 
 and of the requirements in respect of emigrants, could 
 take place between the Church in England and the 
 Church in the United States and in the Colonies. 
 
 Your Committee cannot bring their report to a 
 close without expressing their deep thankfulness to 
 Almighty God for the measure of success which has 
 hitherto attended the Church in her efforts on behalf of 
 her emigrants, and an earnest prayer for the guidance 
 and blessing of the Holy Spirit in the years to come. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 R. LLANDAFF, 
 
 Chairman.
 
 68 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 Schedule A. 
 [FORM OF COMMENDATORY LETTER.] 
 
 Reverend and dear Sir, 
 
 I desire herewith to commend to your pastoral care 
 
 and brotherly good offices 
 
 from the Parish of. in the 
 
 Diocese of who is about to 
 
 settle in . 
 
 A nd I certify that* 
 
 Dated this 
 
 * Here state whether baptised, confirmed, or a Comnuinicant. 
 [S.P.C.K.]
 
 69 
 
 No. 8.— MUTUAL RELATIONS. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE SUBJECT OF THE MUTUAL RELATIONS OF 
 THE DIOCESES AND BRANCHES OF THE ANGLICAN 
 COMMUNION. 
 
 The Committee feel that it would be impossible for 
 them to deal in any complete and exhaustive manner 
 with a subject so extensive as that which has been 
 referred to them for consideration. They have therefore 
 determined to confine their attention to such definite 
 and practical points as have been brought under their 
 notice, and as appear to them to be worthy of being 
 made the subject of report. 
 
 L — The attention of the Committee has been directed 
 to alleged neglect of certain important principles which 
 were laid down by the Lambeth Conference of 1878. 
 The principles are contained in the following quota- 
 tions : — 
 
 (i) First, that the duly-certified action of every 
 national or particular Church, and of each 
 ecclesiastical Province (or Diocese not in- 
 
 * Names of the r^klembers of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of CarHsle {Chair man). Bishop of Derry. 
 
 „ Adelaide. „ Jamaica. 
 
 „ Auckland. „ Manchester. 
 
 „ Brechin. „ Moray and Ross. 
 
 „ Calcutta. „ New Jersey. 
 
 „ Capetown. „ North China. 
 
 „ Central Pennsylvania. „ Sierra Leone. 
 
 „ Chester. „ Tennessee. 
 „ Colombo.
 
 70 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 eluded in a Province), in the exercise of its 
 own discipline, should be respected by all 
 the other Churches, and by their individual 
 members. 
 
 (2) Secondly, that when a Diocese, or territorial 
 
 sphere of administration, has been constituted 
 by the authority of any Church or Province 
 of this Communion within its own limits, no 
 Bishop or other Clergyman of any other 
 Church should exercise his functions within 
 that Diocese, without the consent of the 
 Bishop thereof. 
 
 (3) Thirdly, that no Bishop should authorise to 
 
 officiate in his Diocese a Clergyman coming 
 from another Church or Province unless such 
 Clergyman present letters testimonial, coun- 
 tersigned by the Bishop of the Diocese from 
 w^hich he comes, such letters to be as nearly 
 as possible in the form adopted by such 
 Church or Province in the case of the 
 transfer of a Clergyman from one Diocese 
 to another. 
 — History of Lambeth Conferences, pp. 120, 121. 
 The Committee would urge that more attention 
 should be paid by Metropolitans and Bishops, or per- 
 sons temporarily administering the affairs of a Diocese, 
 to the practical enforcement of the principles above 
 enunciated ; and they would add in particular the fol- 
 lowing recommendation — namely, that the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury be respectfully requested to consider 
 whether it be possible to devise and suggest any means 
 whereby it may be made more easy to avoid the in- 
 trusion of unworthy or pretended Priests or Deacons 
 into the various Dioceses of the Anglican Communion.
 
 •MUTUAL RELATIONS. 71 
 
 II. It has been brought under the notice of the 
 Committee that difficulty has arisen with regard to the 
 validity of orders derived from certain Bishops alleged 
 to be schismatical. It would be exceedingly desirable 
 that some definite and uniform course of action should 
 be adopted by all Bishops of the Anglican Communion 
 in dealing with persons holding such so-called orders. 
 
 The Committee are of opinion that, although much 
 may have been said to the contrary, there are in reality 
 no persons claiming Anglican Orders of doubtful 
 character whose claims deserve serious consideration. 
 With regard to Orders alleged to be derived, though 
 irregularly, through the American Church, it may be 
 sufficient to say that the whole transaction is disallowed 
 and regarded as null and void by the American 
 Episcopate. This fact, in the opinion of the Committee, 
 may be taken as a sufficient guide to all Bishops of the 
 Anglican Communion. 
 
 III. A question has been brought before the Com- 
 mittee, based upon a Report made to the General 
 Synod of the Dioceses in Australia and Tasmania, on 
 the subject of the title of Archbishop. The Committee 
 have been asked to express an opinion as to the desira- 
 bility of assigning the title of Archbishop to the Primate 
 of Australia and Tasmania. The Committee feel that 
 there is great difficulty in com.ing to a clear judgment 
 upon a question which must, of necessity, to some 
 extent depend for its answer upon local circumstances ; 
 but taking the question upon broad grounds, and looking 
 to the general interests of the whole Church, the Com- 
 mittee have no hesitation in expressing their opinion 
 that there are cases of important Provinces in which 
 distinct advantages would result from adopting the
 
 72 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 ancient and honoured title of Archbishop. In the event 
 of this course being adopted weighty questions might 
 arise with regard to authority and precedence, but upon 
 these questions the Committee think that it would be 
 unwise to enter. 
 
 IV. The Committee have given anxious consideration 
 to the question of the formation of a central Council of 
 Reference, to which recourse may be had for advice on ques- 
 tions of doctrine and discipline by the tribunals of appeal 
 of the various Provinces of the Anglican Communion. 
 
 With reference to this question, which has already 
 been before the Conferences of 1867 and 1878, the 
 Committee think that they cannot do better than call 
 attention to what has actually been done in the case of 
 Australia and Tasmania. 
 
 The following resolutions were adopted by the 
 General Synod of Australia and Tasmania in 1872: — 
 
 If, in the opinion of the Committee of Appeal of 
 the General Synod of the Church of England 
 in Australia and Tasmania, the matter of 
 appeal concerns a question of doctrine, or 
 discipline involving a question of doctrine, 
 the Committee may, at its discretion, state a 
 case for the opinion thereon of a body in 
 England, to be called the Council of Refer- 
 ence. Such Council of Reference shall con- 
 sist of the Archbishops of Canterbury and 
 York, and the Bishop of London, together 
 with four laymen learned in the law, the first 
 four such laymen being Lord Hatherley, 
 Lord Chelmsford, Lord Cairns, and Lord 
 Penzance. The General Synod shall have
 
 MUTUAL RELATIONS. 73 
 
 power to fill up vacancies as they shall from 
 time to time occur, but in the event of a 
 vacancy or vacancies existing when a case 
 shall be before the Council, the Archbishops 
 and Bishop shall fill up the same for the 
 purpose of disposing of that particular case. 
 The opinion of the Council shall be binding 
 on the Committee, and pending the obtaining 
 of such an opinion, th'e appeal shall stand 
 adjourned, with liberty to either of the par- 
 ties to set the appeal down to be disposed 
 of upon the opinion when obtained. If 
 from any cause it shall be impracticable to 
 obtain an opinion from the Council of Re- 
 ference within a time to be limited by the 
 rules to be made under the resolutions, the 
 Committee of its own motion may, or at the 
 instance of either of the parties shall, deter- 
 mine the appeal ; but in such case the con- 
 currence of one of the two Bishops shall be 
 requisite in any decision. 
 
 The Committee are of opinion that a plan of re- 
 ference to a Council in England, framed upon such 
 principles as those adopted by the General Synod of 
 Australia and Tasmania, would probably meet the wants, 
 should they arise, of other Provinces. 
 
 It has been brought to the attention of the Com- 
 mittee, that in some parts of the Anglican Communion, 
 notably, in the Province of the West Indies, schemes 
 somewhat different from that above described have been 
 adopted. It is needless to say that the Committee do 
 not desire to pass an opinion upon details, but only to 
 indicate a general method of action.
 
 74 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 V. The attention of the Committee has been further 
 directed to the danger of important divergencies with 
 regard to matters of doctrine, as well as forms of 
 worship, being introduced amongst the Anglican 
 Churches by the possible assumption on the part of each 
 Province or Diocese of the power of revising the Book 
 of Common Prayer. Such divergencies might be inju- 
 rious to the Church at large, and would certainly interfere 
 with the mutual relations of its different parts. 
 
 It is not within the province of the Committee to 
 lay down rules as to the powers of the different branches 
 of the Anglican Communion in this matter, or as to the 
 line of action which they ought to follow. This 
 remark applies with especial emphasis to the Epis- 
 copal Church of America, though the Committee 
 cannot abstain from remarking with pleasure that recent 
 changes made in the Book of Common Prayer by 
 that Church have been rather in the direction of nearer 
 approach to the English Book than of further departure 
 from it- But with regard to the branches of the Church 
 within the limits of Her Majesty's dominions, the 
 Committee cannot express too strongly the opinion 
 which they entertain with regard to the danger of 
 alteration in existing services. They do not deny in 
 general that the Book of Common Prayer may be 
 susceptible of improvement ; this susceptibility may 
 probably be predicated of all things human ; though 
 it must be remembered that it might be hard to find 
 many improvements, which would be generally and 
 heartily accepted as such. Neither do they wish to 
 express an opinion unfavourable to efforts made to 
 supplement the prayers and services of the Church by 
 others which her needs demand. But the point which 
 the Committee would chiefly urge is this — that the Book
 
 MUTUAL RELATIONS. 75 
 
 of Common Prayer is not the possession of one Diocese 
 or Province, but of all; that a revision in one portion 
 of the Anglican Communion must, therefore, be exten- 
 sively felt, and that it is not just that any particular 
 portion should undertake revision without consultation 
 with other portions, and especially with the Church at 
 home. 
 
 VI. There appears to be a notion current that 
 Clergymen ordained for work in England, who go out to 
 labour for a time in the Colonies, are regarded as more 
 or less disqualified for subsequent preferment at home. 
 The Committee regret that such a notion should be 
 current, and they are of opinion that Clergymen who 
 have been willing to give a portion of the best time 
 of their lives to colonial work may be regarded as having 
 special claims for consideration on their return home. 
 The Committee are aware that the subject is not free 
 from difficulties, and that it is impossible to lay down 
 any general rule ; but they have thought it right to give 
 it a place in their Report, and that some benefit may 
 arise from the course thus adopted. 
 
 These are all the matters which have been broucfht 
 under the notice of the Committee, or which have been 
 deemed of sufficient importance or of a suitable kind to 
 be brought before the Conference. In concluding 
 their Report the Committee would desire to express 
 their sense of the extent and difficulty of the 
 subject which has been entrusted to them, and of the 
 modest character of their contribution to its treatment. 
 But they believe that the wise and perhaps the only 
 course of dealing with such a subject is not to attempt 
 to lay down rules which shall solve all possible problems, 
 but to discuss practical difficulties as they arise, in de-
 
 76 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 
 
 pendence upon the Holy Spirit of God, and trusting- 
 that He who permits the difficulties will give grace and 
 strength to overcome them. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 H. CARLISLE, 
 
 Chairman.
 
 MUTUAL RELATIONS.— APPENDIX. 7/ 
 
 APPENDIX TO REPORT OF COMMITTEE 
 No. 8. 
 
 Another subject has been brought under the notice 
 of the Committee, concerning which they have felt great 
 doubt as to whether it can be regarded as coming within 
 the terms of their reference. The subject, however, is 
 so important, and the Committee have felt so desirous 
 that it should be fairly brought before the Conference, 
 that they have determined to introduce it in the form of 
 an Appendix to their Report. 
 
 The question was raised in the first meeting of the 
 Conference, whether it would not be desirable that some 
 declaration should be made concerning the teaching of 
 the Encrlish Church, and of those Churches w^hich are in 
 full communion with her. 
 
 There can be little doubt as to the existence of much 
 ignorance and misunderstanding, not only as to what 
 this teaching is, but also as to the ground upon which 
 those Churches stand, and as to their relation to other 
 Churches and Christian Societies. Such ignorance and 
 misunderstanding can scarcely fail to interfere seriously 
 with the results of their teaching. 
 
 It is true that the English Church possesses a body 
 of teaching in the Book of Common Prayer, in the 
 Catechism, and in the Thirty-nine Articles, to say nothing 
 of the Book of Homilies. But these repositories of 
 teaching, precious as they are, do not appear to the 
 Committee to possess the qualities which ought to belong 
 to a declaration, such as is contemplated in the remarks 
 
 F
 
 •jd, LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 now made. What is wanted is a plain and brief summary 
 of the definite doctrinal grounds upon which the Anglican 
 Churches stand (somewhat, perhaps, after the manner of 
 the earlier of the Thirty-nine Articles), together with a 
 statement of their relation to other Churches and 
 Christian Societies, and, perhaps, of other cognate 
 matters upon which, on consideration of the whole 
 subject, it might be considered desirable that some 
 distinct utterance should be made. The summary should 
 be such as the whole body of English-speaking Bishops 
 could adopt ; it should, therefore, be free from all 
 questions of doubtful controversy ; it should be a 
 document which could be freely circulated as a manifesto 
 of the Anglican Churches concerning their status and 
 their teaching. 
 
 The proposal, undoubtedly, has its difficulties, as 
 almost every important proposal has ; but we think that 
 the difficulties might possibly be overcome ; and cer- 
 tainly all danger of mischief would be avoided, if the 
 following plan were adopted : — 
 
 It is respectfully suggested : 
 
 (i) That a small Committee of English Bishops be 
 appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury for the 
 purpose of drafting such a declaration. 
 
 (2) That the Committee have power to consult, if 
 they think fit, with any of their episcopal brethren, and 
 also with eminent divines outside the episcopal body. 
 
 (3) That the draft declaration, having been pro- 
 visionally settled by the Committee, be submitted to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, with the request that his 
 Grace will forward copies to each Metropolitan for 
 the consideration of the Bishops in his Province, and 
 that he will, in conjunction with the Archbishop of 
 York, bring the declaration before the English Bishops.
 
 MUTUAL RELATIONS, ETC.— APPENDIX. 79 
 
 [The term Metropolitan includes Primates of 
 Provinces, the Primus of Scotland, and the Presiding 
 Bishop of the Church of America.] 
 
 (4) That each Metropolitan be requested to return a 
 copy of the declaration, either approved, or with sugges- 
 tions of amendment, within twelve months. 
 
 (5) That the Archbishop of Canterbury be requested 
 upon the return of the drafts to take such further steps 
 as the circumstances in his judgment shall appear to 
 warrant. 
 
 The Committee recommend that the declaration 
 should be in the form of a series of statements or 
 articles ; each dealing with a different subject, and to 
 be expressed in the simplest possible language. 
 
 The Committee feel that they would be going beyond 
 their province if they attempted to dictate the subjects 
 upon which statements should be framed : but in order 
 more clearly to indicate the kind of declaration which 
 they think the needs of the time demand, they venture 
 to specify the following subjects which they believe 
 might be profitably introduced : — 
 
 I. Of the Catholic Faith. 
 II. Of the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 III. Of the Sacraments. 
 
 IV. Of the Forms of Prayer and Liturgy in use 
 
 in the Anglican Churches. 
 V. Of the relation of the Anglican Churches to 
 the Church of Rome. 
 VI. Of the relation of the Anglican Churches to 
 the Churches of the East. 
 VII. Of the relation of the Anglican Churches to 
 other Christian Churches and Societies.
 
 So LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 VIII. Of the relation of the teaching of the Church 
 of Christ to human knowledge. 
 
 It is almost unnecessary to state that the Committee 
 do not regard the above list as exhaustive ; nor, on the 
 other hand, do they desire to insist upon each and all 
 of the suggested subjects as essential to the complete- 
 ness of the proposed declaration. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 H. CARLISLE, 
 
 CMirman,
 
 8i 
 
 No. 9.— HOME REUNION. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 WHAT STEPS (IF ANY) CAN BE RIGHTLY TAKEN ON 
 BEHALF OF THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION TOWARDS 
 THE REUNION OF THE VARIOUS BODIES INTO WHICH 
 THE CHRISTIANITY OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING 
 RACES IS DIVIDED. 
 
 The Committee was appointed to consider " what 
 " steps (if any) can be rightly taken, on behalf of the 
 " Anglican Communion, towards the Reunion of the 
 " various bodies into which the Christianity of the 
 " English-speaking races is divided." 
 
 I. On entering upon their duty they had at once 
 brought to their notice evidence of a strong conse7iS2is of 
 authoritative opinion, from various branches of the 
 Anglican Communion, that the time for some action in 
 this matter, under prayer for God's guidance through 
 many acknowledged difficulties and dangers, has already 
 come ; and that the Conference — speaking, as it must 
 speak, with the greatest weight of moral authority — 
 should not separate without some such utterance as may 
 further and direct such action. 
 
 In the Convocation of Canterbury the subject has 
 
 * Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Sydney {Chairma?i). Bishop of Minnesota. 
 
 „ Adelaide. „ Nelson. 
 
 „ Antigua (Coadjutor). „ New York. 
 
 „ Brechin. „ Ripon. 
 
 „ Edinburgh. „ Rochester. 
 
 „ Hereford. „ Rupertsland. 
 
 „ Jamaica. „ St. Andrew's- 
 
 „ Lichfield. „ Wakefield. 
 „ Manchester.
 
 82 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 been under discussion, at intervals, for nearly thirty 
 years. In the year 1861 a resolution, on the motion of 
 the Rev. Chancellor Massingberd, was carried nem. con. 
 in the Lower House, praying the Bishops to commend 
 the subject of "the Reunion of the divided members of 
 Christ's Body " to the prayers of the faithful. 
 
 In 1870, at the instance of the Lower House, a 
 Committee was appointed on Reunion, with power to 
 confer with any similar Committee which might be 
 appointed in the Northern Province. The Committee, 
 in its Report, recommended the use of the special Prayer 
 for Unity, appointed for the day of the Queen's Acces- 
 sion, and the consideration of the propriety of commu- 
 nication on the subject with the chief Nonconformist 
 bodies ; and these recommendations, after a singularly 
 interesting debate, were adopted by the House. 
 
 The Report contained the following passage : — " The 
 " Committee do not recommend that we should set out 
 " with proposing alterations of our existing formularies 
 " of faith and worship, while they by no means deny 
 " that concessions might be admitted hereafter, as the 
 " consequence of negotiations carried on in a spirit of 
 " love and unity." It also suggested that on the day of 
 the Queen's Accession " all classes of Nonconformists 
 should be invited to institute similar prayers " for unity, 
 and that the subject might be brought by Sermons be- 
 fore our own people. 
 
 In 1887 the subject was again taken up, and a 
 Resolution carried, on the motion of Canon Medd, that 
 " His Grace the President be requested to direct the 
 " appointment of a Joint Committee to consider, and 
 '* from time to time to report upon, the relations between 
 " the Church and those who in this country are alienated 
 " from her Communion ; and generally to make sugges-
 
 HOME REUNION. 83 
 
 ^' tions as to means which might tend, by God's blessing, 
 " to the furtherance of union of all among our country- 
 '' men who hold the essentials of the Christian faith." 
 In the speech of the mover of the resolution special 
 reference was made to the probability of the discussion 
 of the subject at the Lambeth Conference. 
 
 In the Convocation of York, the Committee have 
 reason to know that similar action has been taken ; but, 
 under pressure of time, they have been unable to obtain 
 detailed information of the actual proceedings. 
 
 From various Synods of the Colonial Church similar, 
 and even stronger, expressions of a desire to make some 
 movement on the part of the Anglican Communion in 
 this direction have been brought before the Committee. 
 The General Synod of the Church in Australia and 
 Tasmania, in 1886, " desired to place on record its solemn 
 ^' sense of the evils of the unhappy divisions among 
 " professing Christians, and, through His Grace the 
 " Archbishop of Canterbury, respectfully prayed the 
 " Conference of Bishops to be assembled at Lambeth 
 " in 1888 to consider in what manner steps should be 
 " taken to promote greater visible unity among those 
 *' who hold the same Creed." A Resolution was passed 
 in almost the same words by the Diocesan Synod of 
 Montreal ; and similar Resolutions by the Provincial 
 Synod of Rupertsland, and the General Synod of New 
 Zealand. At the Session of the Provincial Synod of 
 Canada in 1886, a Joint Committee was appointed, to 
 confer with any similar Committees, which might be 
 appointed by other Religious Bodies, on the terms upon 
 Avhich some honourable union might be arrived at. 
 
 But the most important and practical step has been 
 taken by our brethren of the American Church in the 
 General Convention of 1886, in accordance with the
 
 84 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 prayer of a petition signed by more than a thousand 
 Clergy, including thirty-two Bishops. At that Conven- 
 tion a Committee of the House of Bishops presented a 
 remarkable Report, which, after stating emphatically that 
 the Church did " not seek to absorb other Communions,. 
 " but to co-operate with them on the basis of a common 
 " Faith and Order, to discountenance schism, and to heal 
 " the wounds of the Body of Christ " ; and that she was 
 prepared to make all reasonable concessions on " all 
 " things of human ordering and of human choice," 
 dwelt upon the duty of the Church to preserve, " as. 
 " inherent parts of the sacred deposit of Christian faith 
 ^' and order committed by Christ and His Apostles to 
 " the Church, and as therefore essential to the restoration 
 " of unity," the following : — 
 
 " I. The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa-^ 
 ment, as the Revealed Word of God. 
 
 " 2. The Nicene Creed, as the sufficient statement of 
 the Christian Faith. 
 
 " 3. The two Sacraments — Baptism and the Supper 
 of the Lord — ministered with unfailing use of Christ's 
 words of institution, and the elements ordained by Him. 
 
 '* 4. The Historic Episcopate, locally adapted in the 
 methods of its administration to the varying needs of 
 the nations and peoples called of God into the Unity of 
 His Church." 
 
 The Report concluded with the following words : — 
 
 " Furthermore, deeply grieved by the sad divisions 
 which afflict the Christian Church in our own land, we 
 hereby declare our desire and readiness, so soon as there 
 shall be any authorised response to this Declaration, to 
 enter into brotherly conference with all or any Christian 
 bodies seeking the restoration of organic Unity of the 
 Church, with a view to the earnest study of the conditions,
 
 HOME REUNION. 85 
 
 under which so priceless a blessing might happily be 
 brought to pass." 
 
 This Report was adopted by the House of Bishops, 
 and communicated to the House of Clerical and Lay 
 Deputies ; and, at the instance of the latter House, it 
 was resolved — 
 
 " That a Commission consisting of five Bishops, five 
 " Clerical and five Lay Deputies, be appointed, who 
 " shall at their discretion communicate, to the organised 
 " Christian Bodies of our country, the Declaration set 
 " forth by the Bishops on the twentieth day of October ; 
 " and shall hold themselves ready to enter into brotherly 
 " conference with all or any Christian Bodies seeking 
 " the restoration of the organic unity of the Church." 
 
 After consideration of these significant documents, 
 and of memorials from certain Associations which have 
 already done good service in this cause, it was decided 
 by the Committee that they were more than justified 
 in recommending to the Conference that some steps 
 should be taken by it in the direction specified in the 
 Resolution constituting the Committee. 
 
 n. In considering how this could best be done, it 
 appeared to the Committee that the subject divided 
 itself naturally into two parts ; first, the basis on which 
 the united Church might, in the future, safely rest ; 
 secondly, the conditions under which present negotiations 
 for reunion, in view of existing circumstances, could be 
 carried on. 
 
 The Committee with deep regret felt that, under 
 present conditions, it was useless to consider the 
 question of Reunion with our brethren of the Roman 
 Church, being painfully aware that any proposal for 
 reunion would be entertained by the authorities of that 
 Church only on condition of a complete submission on
 
 86 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 our part to those claims of absolute authority, and the 
 acceptance of those other errors, both in doctrine and in 
 discipline, against which, in faithfulness to God's Holy- 
 Word, and to the true principles of His Church, we 
 have been for three centuries bound to protest. 
 
 But, in regard to the first portion of the subject, the 
 Committee were of opinion that with the chief of the 
 Non-conforming Communions there would not only be 
 less difficulty than is commonly supposed as to the basis 
 of a common faith in the essentials of Christian doctrine, 
 but that, even in respect of Church Government, many of 
 the causes which had originally led to secession had been 
 removed, and that both from deeper study and from larger 
 historical experience, there was in the present day a 
 greater disposition to value and to accept the ancient 
 Church Order. It did not, indeed, appear to them that 
 the question before them, which was of the duty, if any, 
 of the Anglican Communion in this matter, was to 
 be absolutely determined by these considerations ; but 
 they seemed, nevertheless, to give important encourage- 
 ment to the Church in the endeavour to do what might 
 appear to be her duty in furthering this all-important 
 matter. 
 
 Accordingly, after careful consideration, they deter- 
 mined to take as the basis of their deliberations on this 
 part of the subject the chief articles embodied in the 
 Report of the Committee of the House of Bishops in the 
 American Church ; and after discussion of each, they 
 submit them to the wisdom of the Conference, with 
 some modifications, as supplying the basis on which 
 approach might be, under God's blessing, made towards 
 Reunion : — 
 
 I. The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New 
 Testaments, as " containmg all things necessary to
 
 HOME REUNION. 8/ 
 
 salvation," and as being the rule and ultimate stan- 
 dard of faith. 
 
 2. The Apostles' Creed, as the Baptismal Symbol ; 
 and the Nicene Creed, as the sufficient statement of the 
 Christian faith. 
 
 3. The two Sacraments ordained by Christ Himself — 
 Baptism and the Supper of the Lord — ministered with 
 unfailing use of Christ's words of institution, and of the 
 elements ordained by Him. 
 
 4. The Historic Episcopate, locally adapted in the 
 methods of its administration to the varying needs of 
 the nations and peoples called of God into the Unity of 
 His Church. 
 
 The Committee believe that upon some such basis as 
 this, with large freedom of variation on secondary 
 points of doctrine, worship, and discipline, and without 
 interference with existing conditions of property and 
 endowment, it might be possible, under God's gracious 
 providence, for a reunited Church, including at^least the 
 chief of the Christian Communions of our people, to rest. 
 
 HI. But they are aware that the main difficulty of the 
 subject lies in the consideration of what practical steps 
 can be taken towards such reunion under the actual 
 religious conditions of the community at home and 
 abroad — complicated, moreover, in England and Scot- 
 land by legal difficulties. It appears to them, moreover, 
 clear that on this subject the Conference can only 
 express an opinion on general principles, and that 
 definite action must be left to the constituted authorities 
 in each branch of our Communion, acting, as far as 
 possible, in concert. 
 
 They therefore respectfully submit to the Conference 
 the following Resolution : —
 
 88 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 " That the constituted authorities of the various: 
 " branches of our Communion, acting, so far 
 " as may be, in concert with one another,, 
 " be earnestly requested to make it known 
 " that they hold themselves in readiness 
 " to enter into brotherly conference (such 
 " as that which has already been proposed 
 " by the Church in the United States of 
 " America) with the representatives of other 
 " chief Christian Communions in the 
 " English-speaking races, in order to con- 
 " sider what steps can be taken, either 
 " towards corporate reunion, or towards such 
 " relations as may prepare the way for fuller 
 " organic unity hereafter." 
 
 IV. They cannot conclude their report without 
 laying before the Conference the following suggestion^ 
 unanimously adopted by the Committee : — 
 
 " That the Conference recommend as of great 
 " importance, in tending to bring about Re- 
 " union, the dissemination of information 
 " respecting the standards of doctrine and 
 " the formularies in use in the Anglican 
 " Church ; and that information be dis- 
 " seminated, on the other hand, respecting 
 " the authoritative standards of doctrine, 
 " worship, and government adopted by the 
 " other bodies of Christians into which the 
 " English-speaking races are divided." 
 
 They also desire — following in this respect the 
 example of the Convocation of Canterbury — to pray 
 the Conference to commend this matter of Reunion to 
 the special prayers of all Christian people, both within
 
 HOME REUNION. 89 
 
 and (so far as it may rightly do so) without our 
 Communion, in preparation for the Conferences which 
 have been suggested, and while such Conferences are 
 going on ; and they trust that the present Lambeth 
 Conference may also see fit to issue, or to pray His 
 Grace the President to issue, some pastoral letter to 
 all Christian people, upon this all-important subject. 
 For never certainly did the Church of Christ need 
 more urgently the spirit of wisdom and of love, which 
 He alone can bestow, who is '* the Author and Giver 
 of all good things." 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 ALFRED SYDNEY, 
 
 Chairman.
 
 90 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 SCANDINAVIANS— OLD CATHOLICS 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE^^ APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE RELATION OF THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION (A) 
 TO THE SCANDINAVIAN AND OTHER REFORMED 
 CHURCHES, (B) TO THE OLD CATHOLICS AND 
 OTHER REFORMING BODIES. 
 
 A. 
 
 Your Committee consider that, in view of the in- 
 creasing number of Swedes and other Scandinavians 
 now living in America and in the Enghsh Colonies, as 
 well as for the furtherance of Christian Unity, earnest 
 efforts should be made to establish more friendly 
 relations between the Scandinavian and Anglican 
 Churches. 
 
 In regard to the Swedish Church your Committee 
 are of opinion that, as its standards of doctrine are 
 to a great extent in accord with our own and its con- 
 tinuity as a national Church has never been broken, any 
 approaches on its part should be most gladly welcomed 
 with a view to mutual explanation of differences, and 
 the ultimate establishment, if possible, of permanent 
 
 Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Winchester Bishop of Dunedin. 
 
 {Chairman). „ Gibraltar. 
 
 Archbishop of Dublin. „ Iowa. 
 
 Bishop of Albany. „ Lichfield. •• 
 
 „ Cashel. „ Lincoln. 
 
 „ Central Africa. „ North Carohna. 
 
 „ Cork. „ Salisbury. 
 
 „ Derry. „ Western New York.
 
 OLD CATHOLICS AND OTHERS. 9 1 
 
 intercommunion on sound principles of Ecclesiastical 
 polity. 
 
 Greater difficulties are presented as regards com- 
 munion with the Norwegian and Danish Churches by 
 the constitution of their ministry ; but there are grounds 
 of hope, in the growing appreciation of Church order, 
 that in the course of time these difficulties may be 
 surmounted. It is much to be desired that a basis of 
 union should be formed with a people who are dis- 
 tinguished by great devotional earnestness and upright- 
 ness of character. 
 
 B. 
 
 By the name Old Catholics we understand, in general 
 terms, those members of foreign Churches who have 
 been excommunicated on account of their refusal, for 
 conscience' sake, to accept the novel doctrines pro- 
 mulgated by the authority of the Church of Rome, and 
 who yet desire to maintain in its integrity the Catholic 
 Faith, and to remain in full communion with the 
 Catholic Church. As in the previous Conference, held 
 in 1878," we declare that ''all sympathy is due from the 
 '' Anglican Church to the Churches and individuals pro- 
 " testing against these errors"; and " to those who are 
 " drawn to us in the endeavour to free themselves from 
 " the yoke of error and superstition we are ready to 
 " offer all help and such privileges as may be acceptable 
 " to them and are consistent with the maintenance of 
 " our own principles, as enunciated in our formularies." 
 
 Ten years have passed since this declaration was 
 issued, and we are now called to consider more in detail 
 
 * Official Letter of 1878 in Origin a?id History of the Lambeth 
 Conferences^ pp. 135 arKl 136. S.P.C.K. 1888.
 
 92 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 
 
 our relations to the different groups comprehended 
 under this general title. 
 
 I. 
 
 First of all it is due to the ancient Church of Holland, 
 which in practice accepts the title of Old Catholic, to 
 recognise the fact that it has uttered energetic protests 
 against the novel dogmas of the Immaculate Conception 
 of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and of the universal Bishopric 
 and infallibilityofthe Bishop of Rome. It is to this Church 
 that the community, usually termed Old Catholic, in the 
 German Empire, owes in the providence of God the 
 Episcopal succession. We recognise, with thankfulness, 
 the dignified and independent position which the Church 
 of Holland maintained for many years in almost abso- 
 lute isolation. It has now broken through this isolation, 
 as regards its neighbours on the Continent. As regards 
 ourselves, the Church of Holland is found on inquiry to 
 be in agreement with our Church in many points, and 
 we believe that with more frequent brotherly intercourse 
 many of the barriers which at present separate us might 
 be removed. 
 
 II. 
 
 The Old Catholic community in Germany differs 
 from the Church of Holland, in this respect, amongst 
 others, that it does not retain possession of the ancient 
 Sees. The Bishop of that community has wisely 
 refrained from assuming a territorial title ; we are 
 not, however, without hope that the Old Catholic body 
 may be, with the divine guidance and in God's good 
 time, instrumental in restoring to that country the 
 blessing of a united national Church. It may be 
 noted that Bishop Reinkens, shortly after his con-
 
 OLD CATHOLICS AND OTHERS. 93 
 
 secration, was recognised as a Catholic Bishop by the 
 civil power in Prussia, Baden, and Hesse."^ He and 
 the parochial Clergy under him have the right and duty, 
 recognised by the State, of teaching the children of their 
 own confession in the public schools. They are also in 
 undisturbed possession of a number of ancient churches 
 and benefices, and receive for the present a subsidy granted 
 by Parliament. 
 
 As regards the form of doctrine actually professed 
 by this body, we believe that its return to the standards 
 of the undivided Church is a distinct advance towards 
 the reunion of Christendom. We learn that it formu- 
 lates the fuller expression of its belief in catechisms and 
 manuals of instruction, rather than in articles or con- 
 fessions, because it desires to avoid any methods which 
 might create or perpetuate divisions. 
 
 We cannot consider that it is in schism as regards 
 the Roman Church, because to do so would be to 
 concede the lawfulness of the imposition of new terms 
 of communion, and of the extravagant assertions by the 
 Papacy of ordinary and immediate jurisdiction in every 
 Diocese. For ourselves we regard it as a duty to 
 promote friendly relations with the Old Catholics of 
 Germany, not only out of sympathy with them, but 
 also in thankfulness to God, who has strengthened 
 them to suffer for the truth under great discouragements, 
 difficulties, and temptations. We owe them our inter- 
 cessions, our support, and our brotherly counsel ; and 
 we have reason to believe that aid from individual 
 
 * The documents in question are printed at length in Dcr 
 Altkatholikisnius^ published in 1887 by J. F. von Schalte, pp. 405, 
 415, 416. The Prussian Old Catholic law is to be found on 
 pp. 44—46. Cp. pp. 549 foil. (Staatszuschuss fiir die Altkatholiken). 
 
 G
 
 94 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 members of our Church may be most beneficially given 
 towards the training of their future Clergy. 
 
 We see no reason why we should not admit their 
 Clergy and faithful Laity to Holy Communion on the 
 same conditions as our own Communicants, and we 
 also acknowledge the readiness which they have 
 shown to offer spiritual privileges to members of our 
 own Church. 
 
 We regret that differences in our marriage laws, 
 which we believe to be of great importance, compel 
 us to state that we are obliged to debar from Holy 
 Communion any person who may have contracted a 
 marriage not sanctioned by the laws and canons of the 
 Anglican Church. Nor could we, in justice to the Old 
 Catholics, admit anyone who would be debarred from 
 communion among themselves. 
 
 HI. 
 
 The " Christian Catholic Church " in Switzerland,, 
 which has adopted a title long used by the Church in 
 that country, has a recognised civil position of much 
 the same character as that possessed by the Old Catho- 
 lics of Germany. We consider that it is a body now 
 sufficiently established to receive the assurance of the 
 same sympathy and the offer of the same privileges 
 from ourselves. 
 
 IV. 
 
 The Old Catholic community in Austria has been 
 recognised by the State as a distinct religious associa- 
 tion, in accordance with the law of May 20th, 1874.^ 
 Its constitution provides for the presidency of a Bishop, 
 but no election has as yet taken place, not from any 
 
 * Von Schulte, Der Altkatholiktsmus, p. 435.
 
 OLD CATHOLICS AND OTHERS. 95 
 
 indifference on the part of its members, but on account 
 of the difficulty of securing the stipend required by law. 
 In the mean time it has many of the rights secured by 
 law to the German body. The Austrian Old Catholics 
 have made great sacrifices, and deserve great sympathy 
 from us ; which we hope may be expressed in a practical 
 manner. They have, we believe, an important future 
 before them, if rightly guided. We cannot, however, 
 regard the organisation in Austria as sufficiently tried 
 and complete to warrant a more formal relation on our 
 part at the present time. 
 
 V. 
 
 The same remark applies with even greater force to 
 the smaller groups of brave and earnest men of the 
 Latin races, driven under somewhat similar circum- 
 stances to associate themselves in separate congregations 
 in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal. We sympathise 
 with their efforts to free themselves from the burden of 
 unlawful terms of communion. We have reason to 
 believe that there are many who think with them, but 
 have not seen the way to follow the outward steps 
 which they have taken. We trust that in time they 
 may be enabled to adopt such sound forms of doctrine 
 and discipline and to secure such Catholic organisation 
 as will permit us to give them a fuller recognition. 
 We desire, in our outlook into the future, to call to mind 
 the well-known declaration of the Gallican Clergy of 
 1682,* and also the advances made by Archbishop Wake 
 in correspondence with the Doctors of the Sorbonne,f 
 
 * See Bossuet's Defejise de la Declaration die Clcrge de FrancCy 
 &^c. 2 vols., 4to. Amsterdam 1745, and Dupin's Manuel du 
 Droit public ecclesiastique frajK^ais, pp. 97 — 100, ed. 5, Paris, Henri 
 Plon, i860. 
 
 t Archbishop Wake wrote as follows to Mr. Bcauvoir, 011 
 November i8tb, 1718, in regard to this correspondence : — " It' we
 
 g6 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 towards establishing a basis for intercommunion between 
 the Churches of France and England. If some such 
 principles could now be revived, we have reason to 
 believe that they would be welcomed by many both in 
 France and Italy, and they might again form the basis 
 for hopeful negotiations. 
 
 In concluding this portion of our Report we feel it our 
 duty to express the opinion that the consecration, by 
 Bishops of our Communion, of a Bishop, to exercise his 
 functions in a foreign country, within the limits of an 
 ancient territorial jurisdiction and over the natives of 
 that country, is a step of the gravest importance and 
 fraught with enduring consequences, the issues of which 
 
 ^' could once divide the Gallican Church [from the Roman], a 
 " reformation in other matters would follow as a matter of course. 
 " The scheme that seems to me most likely to prevail, is, to agree 
 ^' in the independence (as to all matters of authority) of every 
 " national Church on any others ; and in their right to determine all 
 *' matters that arise within themselves ; and, for points of doctrine, to 
 " agree, as far as possible, in all articles of any moment (as in effect 
 " we already do, or easily may) ; and, for other matters, to allow a 
 *' difference till God shall bring us to a union in those also. One 
 ^' only thing should be provided for, to purge out of the public 
 " offices of the Church such things as hinder a perfect communion 
 *' in the service of the Church, that so, wherever any come from us 
 *' to them or from them to us, we may all join together in Prayers 
 " and the Holy Sacraments with each other. In our Liturgy there 
 " is nothing but what they allow, save the single rubric relating to 
 '' the Eucharist ; in theirs nothing but what they agree may be laid 
 " aside, and yet the public offices be never the worse or more 
 *' imperfect for the want of it. Such a scheme as this I take to be 
 " a more proper ground of peace at the beginning than to go to 
 " more particulars." 
 
 The correspondence of Archbishop Wake with Mr. Beauvoir, 
 Dr. Dupin, Dr. P. Piers Girardin, and others, is printed in the 
 fourth Appendix to Dr. Maclaine's translation of Mosheim's Church 
 History, vol. vi., pp. 126, foil., London, 1828. The above letter will 
 be found in full on p. 172, and is quoted in Rev. G. G. Perry's History 
 of the EnglisJi Church, thij'd period, p. 48, London, 1887.
 
 OLD CATHOLICS AND OTHERS. 9/ 
 
 cannot be foreseen. Whilst the right of Bishops of the 
 Catholic Church to interpose under conditions of ex- 
 treme necessity has always been acknowledged, we 
 deprecate any action that does not carefully regard 
 primitive and estabhshed principles of jurisdiction and 
 the interests of the whole Anglican Communion. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Lastly, the Committee have been asked at the last 
 moment to consider the subject of the orders of the 
 United Brethren, commonly called the Moravians. 
 At the last Conference a number of the Bishops " were 
 " recommended to associate with themselves such learned 
 " persons as they might deem eminently qualified to 
 " assist them by their knowledge of the historical diffi- 
 ** culties involved.""^ These Bishops have not been 
 able to act upon this recommendation, and no report is 
 before the Conference. Your Committee, in the short 
 time allowed them, have not found it possible to inquire 
 into the details of this subject with such care as would 
 enable them to propose to the Conference an}- sufficient 
 basis for the expression of an authoritative opinion. 
 
 It must not, however, be overlooked that from time 
 to time, up to the present day, very friendly relations 
 have existed between Moravians and members of our 
 Communion. In their greatest trials they have re- 
 ceived from eminent English Bishops and Churchmen 
 the sympathy and support due to a zealous body of 
 Christians, imbued with a primitive spirit, and claiming 
 to possess a valid Episcopate. 
 
 The labours of Moravian Missionaries are known to 
 all the world. We should therefore welcome any 
 
 * Origin and History of the Lambeth Conferences^ p. 137.
 
 98 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 clearer illustration of their history and actual status on 
 the part of their own divines. 
 
 The subjects committed to the consideration of this 
 Committee have embraced, as will be seen, a very wide 
 range of interests, and we have reluctantly been com- 
 pelled, on this account, to confine our Report almost 
 entirely to the bodies specified in the terms of our 
 commission. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 E. HAROLD WINTON, 
 
 Chairman,
 
 99 
 
 No. II.— EASTERN CHURCHES. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE RELATION OF THE ANGLICAN COMMUNION TO 
 THE EASTERN CHURCHES. 
 
 Your Committee regard the friendly feelings mani- 
 fested towards our Church by the Orthodox Eastern 
 Communion as a matter for deep thankfulness. These 
 feelings inspire the hope that at no distant time closer 
 relations may be established between the two Churches. 
 Your Committee, however, are of opinion that any hasty 
 or ill-considered step in this direction would only retard 
 the accomplishment of this hope. Our expectations of 
 nearer fellowship are founded upon the friendly tone 
 of the correspondence which the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury and his predecessors have held from time to time 
 with Patriarchs of the Orthodox Church, and upon the 
 cordiality of the welcome given by the Heads of that 
 Church to Anglican Bishops and Clergy, such as the 
 Bishop of Gibraltar, who have travelled in the East. 
 Additional grounds of hope are furnished by the visit 
 of Archbishopt Lycurgus to England in 1870, by the 
 conversation which passed between him and the present 
 
 * Names of the Members of the Committee : — 
 
 Bishop of Winchester. Bishop of Limerick. 
 
 {Chatrmaji). „ Meath. 
 
 Bishop Blyth. „ Springfield. 
 
 Bishop of Gibraltar. „ Travancore. 
 
 „ Iowa. 
 
 t Lycurgus, late Archbishop of Syra and Tenos.
 
 lOO LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 Bishop of Winchester at Ely, by the words which Arch- 
 bishop Lycurg-us used at the conclusion of the second 
 Conference held at Bonn"^ ; and by the request which 
 the Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem recently addressed 
 to the Archbishop of Canterbury, that the Anglican 
 Bishopric in Jerusalem should be reconstituted, and 
 that the head-quarters of the Bishop should be placed 
 in that city rather than at Beyrout or elsewhere. 
 
 We reflect with thankfulness that there exist no bars, 
 such as are presented to communion with the Latins by 
 the formulated assertion of the infallibility of the 
 Church residing in the person of the Supreme Pontiff, 
 by the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, and 
 other novel dogmas imposed by the decrees of later 
 Councils. 
 
 We must congratulate the Christian world that,, 
 through the research of a Greek Metropolitan, literature 
 has been lately enriched by the recovery of an ancient 
 document which throws unexpected light upon the 
 early development of ecclesiastical organisation. 
 
 It would not be right, however, to disguise from our- 
 
 * At the end of the Conference at Ely (1870), Archbishop 
 Lycurgus said, 
 
 " When I return to Greece I will say that the Church of Eng- 
 " land is not like other Protestant bodies. I will say that it is a 
 " sound Catholic Church very like our own ; and I trust that by 
 " friendly discussion union between the two Churches may be 
 " brought about." 
 
 At the end of the Bonn Conference (1875), he said to Dr. Von 
 Dollinger, 
 
 " In the name of all those of my own communion I thank you, 
 " Mr. President, for your marvellous efforts in the work of reuniting 
 " the several Churches, of bringing together again the so numerous 
 " divisions of the Rock of our Redeemer. Our joy is full ; and 
 " there will be great joy in our homes also. We earnestly pray 
 " God for His further blessing."
 
 EASTERN CHURCHES. lOI 
 
 selves the hindrances which exist on either side. The 
 first and most formidable of these is the disputed clause 
 inserted in the Creed of Constantinople, erroneously 
 called the Nicene Creed, without any Conciliar authority, 
 by the Latin Church. This clause, which has the pre- 
 scription of centuries, and is capable of being explained 
 in an orthodox sense, it may be very difficult to remove. 
 Another barrier to full understanding between the 
 Orthodox Eastern Church and ourselves would be the 
 extreme importance attached by that Church to trine 
 immersion in the rite of Baptism, which practice, how- 
 ever, there is nothing to prevent our Church from 
 formally sanctioning. We, on the other hand, experience 
 a somewhat similar difficulty as regards the Eastern 
 rite of Confirmation, which we can hardly consider 
 equivalent to ours, inasmuch as it omits the imposition 
 of the Bishop's hands, and is usually conferred upon 
 unconscious infants ; yet we do not regard this as re- 
 quiring members of the Orthodox Church to receive 
 our Confirmation. It would be difficult for us to enter 
 into more intimate relations with that Church so long 
 as it retains the use of icons, the invocation of the 
 Saints, and the cultus of the Blessed Virgin ; although it 
 is but fair to state that the Greeks, in sanctioning the 
 use of pictorial representations for the purpose of pro- 
 moting devotion, expressly disclaim the sin of idolatry, 
 which they conceive would attach to the bowing down 
 before sculptured or molten images. Moreover, the 
 decrees of the second Council of Nic?ea, sanctioning the 
 use of icons, were framed in a spirit of reaction against 
 the rationalising measures, as they were regarded, of the 
 iconoclastic Emperors. The Greeks might be reminded 
 that the decrees of that Council, having been deliberately 
 rejected seven years afterwards by the Council of
 
 102 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 Frankfort, and not having been accepted by the Latin 
 Church till after the lapse of two centuries, and then 
 only under Papal influence, cannot be regarded as bind- 
 ing upon the Church. 
 
 Your Committee would impress upon their fellow- 
 Christians the propriety of abstaining from all efforts 
 to induce individual members of the Orthodox Eastern 
 Church to leave their own communion. If some be 
 dissatisfied with its teaching or usages, and find a lack 
 of spiritual life in its worship, they should be advised 
 not to leave the Church of their baptism, but by remain- 
 ing in it to endeavour to become centres of life and 
 light to their ow^n people ; more especially as the Orthodox 
 Eastern Church has never committed itself to any theory 
 that would make it impossible to reconsider and revise 
 its standards and practice. 
 
 Your Committee think it desirable that the Heads of 
 that communion should be supplied with some authorita- 
 tive document setting forth the historical facts relating 
 to our orders and our position in the Catholic Church ; 
 as much misconception appears still to prevail on this 
 subject. Your Committee feel that the position which 
 England now occupies in Cyprus and in Egypt places 
 in our hands exceptional opportunities of elevating the 
 moral and spiritual life of our Eastern brethren. Especially 
 may this be done by introducing or promoting higher 
 education : an}^ help given in this way we have reason to 
 believe would be warmly welcomed. We rejoice to know 
 that schools have lately been established at Constanti- 
 nople and elsewhere for the purpose of supplying educa- 
 tion to those who are in training for the ministry. In 
 the more general diffusion of knowledge amongst the 
 instructors of the people lies the best hope of that
 
 EASTERN CHURCHES. I03 
 
 mutual understanding and esteem for which the Heads of 
 the Orthodox Church have shown so much desire. 
 
 Your Committee cannot be expected to deal separately 
 with the other Churches of the East, among which the 
 Armenian appears to be the largest and most important. 
 Approaches have been made to us from time to time by 
 Bishops and other representatives of this communion, 
 appealing for aid in support of educational projects for 
 the instruction of their own people. The Armenian 
 Church lies under the imputation of heresy. But it has 
 always protested against this imputation, affirming the 
 charge to have arisen from a misconception of its 
 formularies. The departure from orthodoxy may, 
 perhaps, have been more apparent than real ; and the 
 erroneous element in its creed appears now to be 
 gradually losing its hold upon the moral and religious 
 ■consciousness of the Armenian people. 
 
 In regard to other Eastern communities, such as the 
 Coptic, Abyssinian, Syrian, and Chaldean, your Com- 
 mittee consider that our position in the East involves 
 some obligations. And if these communities have fallen 
 into error, and show a lack of moral and spiritual life, 
 we must recollect that but for them the light of 
 Christianity in these countries would have been utterly 
 extinguished, and that they have suffered for many 
 centuries from cruel oppression and persecution. If we 
 should have opportunity, our aim should be to improve 
 their mental, moral, and religious condition, and to 
 induce them to return to the unity of the faith without 
 prejudice to their liberty. This we take to be the 
 purpose of the Assyrian Mission set on foot by the 
 late Archbishop of Canterbury, and continued by his 
 successor.
 
 104 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 In conclusion, we would call attention to the fact 
 that in the East advance is slow, and even in the West 
 we find differences perpetuate themselves, owing to 
 national peculiarities, hereditary prejudices, and other 
 causes, in spite of real wish for unity. We think that 
 Christians need to be cautioned against impatience in 
 expecting quick results. Such impatience argues im- 
 perfect trust in the ultimate fulfilment of our Lord's 
 prayer for His people that they " all may be ONE." 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 E. HAROLD WINTON, 
 
 Chairman..
 
 105 
 
 No. 12.— AUTHORITATIVE STANDARDS. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE* APPOINTED TO CONSIDER 
 THE SUBJECT OF AUTHORITATIVE STANDARDS OF 
 DOCTRINE AND WORSHIP. 
 
 In considering the subject of the Authoritative 
 Standards of Doctrine and Worship, which are the 
 primary means of securing internal union amongst 
 ourselves, and of setting forth our Faith before the rest 
 of Christendom, we acknowledge first of all with deep 
 thankfulness to Almighty God the vital and growing 
 unity of the great Communion to which we belong. 
 
 We acknowledge also with the same heartfelt thank- 
 fulness the increasing intercourse which is taking place 
 between our own Churches and other Churches of 
 Christendom, and the extension of our own Communion 
 into many non-christian countries, to which God has 
 •especially called us to minister by the diffusion of the 
 English-speaking race throughout the world. 
 
 The consideration of the new conditions thus created 
 seems to call for a careful statement of our own position 
 in regard to authoritative standards of doctrine and 
 worship. 
 
 Names of the ^Members of the Committee : — 
 Bishop of Ely {Chairman). Bishop of Meath. 
 
 5, Aberdeen. „ Nassau. 
 
 „ Albany. „ Ou'Appelle 
 
 „ Arkansas. 
 Bishop of Derry, 
 
 „ Dover. 
 „ Edinburgh. 
 „ Grahamstown. 
 Bishop in Japan. 
 
 Rupertsland. 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 St. David's. 
 
 Sydney. 
 
 Western New York.
 
 I06 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1 888. 
 
 This statement is divided into three parts : — first, as^ 
 to standards of doctrine and worship which unite us with 
 the great Body of the Church Universal ; second, as to 
 those which regulate our internal union or should be 
 imposed upon Missionary Churches ; third, as to a 
 manual of doctrine for general use, but which should 
 not be authoritative. 
 
 I. 
 
 We recognise before all things, and amidst all dis- 
 couragements and divisions, the great bond of an 
 essential unity which exists amongst all Christians who- 
 own the one Lord Jesus Christ as their Head and King,, 
 who accept the paramount authority of Holy Scripture^ 
 who confess the doctrine of the Nicene Faith, and wha 
 acknowledge one Baptism into the Name of the Blessed 
 Trinity. 
 
 But we cannot regard this measure of unity as ade- 
 quately fulfilling our Lord's prayer that His followers 
 should be one, and we feel, therefore, that it is our duty 
 to explain our own principles as regards standards of 
 doctrine and worship, in the humble hope of preparing the 
 way, so far as in us lies, for the reunion of Christendom. 
 
 We have a duty to the Church Universal ; we have 
 a duty also towards those who are now distinctly within 
 our own Communion or who may hereafter be so closely 
 allied to it as to form practically one body with our- 
 selves. 
 
 As in former Conferences,"^ we declare that we con- 
 tinue "united under one divine Head in the fellowship- 
 of the one Catholic and Apostolic Church, holding the 
 one faith revealed in Holy Writ, defined in the Creeds, 
 
 * See "Origin and History of the T.ambeth Conferences," pp. 62 and 
 119, S.P.C.K., 188S.
 
 AUTHORITATIVE STANDARDS. 10/ 
 
 maintained by the primitive Church," and "affirmed by 
 the undisputed " CEcumenical " Councils." 
 
 In defining our own position more explicitly we 
 recognise, with the general consent of the Fathers, that 
 the canonical books of the Old and New Testament 
 " contain all things necessary to salvation," and are the 
 rule and ultimate standard of all Christian doctrine. 
 
 In addition to the Creed commonly called the Nicene 
 Creed, to which we have already referred, we, as a part 
 of the Western Church, have a common inheritance in the 
 "Apostles' Creed," confessed by us all in the Sacrament 
 of Baptism. In like manner we accept the hymn 
 Qtiimnqiie vult, whether or not recited in the public 
 worship of our Churches, as resting upon certain warrant 
 of Scripture, and as most useful, both at home and in 
 our missions, in ascertaining and defining the fundamen- 
 tal mysteries of the Holy Trinity, and of the Incarnation 
 of our Blessed Lord ; and thus guarding believers from 
 lapsing into heresy. 
 
 In relation to the doctrine of the Procession of the 
 Holy Spirit, while we believe that there is no fundamental 
 diversity of faith between the Churches of the East and 
 West,"^ we recognise the historical fact that the clause 
 Filioqiie makes no part of the Nicene Symbol as set 
 forth by the authority of the undivided Church. 
 
 We are of opinion that, as opportunity arises, it would 
 be well to revise the English version of the Nicene 
 Creed and of the Qidainqiie vult. 
 
 * The Committee beg to refer, in illustration of this statement, 
 to the important propositions, accepted by Members both of the 
 Eastern and Western Churches, which were agreed to at the Re- 
 Union Conference held at Bonn, August i6th, 1875, under the 
 Presidency of Dr. J. J. I. von Dolhnger. See the Rcpo7't of the Pro- 
 ceedings^ dr^c, with a Preface by Ur. Liddon. — Pickering, London, 
 1876, pp. 103, 104.
 
 I08 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 We suggest to the Conference that the President be 
 requested to appoint a Committee for this purpose. 
 
 With regard to the authority of the GEcumenical 
 Councils our Communion has always recognised the 
 decisions of the first four Councils on matters of faith, 
 nor is there any point of dogma in which it disagrees 
 with the teaching of the fifth and sixth. 
 
 The second Council of Nicsea commonly called the 
 seventh Council is, however, not undisputed, and while 
 we recognise the historical circumstances of the eighth 
 century, which naturally led to the strong protest 
 against iconoclasm made there, it is our duty to assert 
 that our Church has never accepted the teaching of that 
 Council in reference to the veneration of sacred pictures. 
 
 II. 
 
 From the standards of doctrine of the Universal 
 Church which the whole Anglican Communion has always 
 accepted,"^ we now pass to those standards of doctrine 
 
 * " Let Preachers take care that they never teach anything in a 
 sermon which they wish to be rehgiously held and beheved by the 
 people, except what is in accord with the doctrine of the Old or 
 New Testament and what the Catholic Fathers and ancient Bishops 
 have collected from the same doctrine." — Canon of 1571, con- 
 cerning Preachers. 
 
 " Such person &c. * * shall not in anywise have authority 
 or power to order, determine or adjudge any matter or cause to be 
 heresie, but onely such as heretofore have been determined, ordered 
 or adjudged to be heresie, by the authority of the Canonical Scrip- 
 tures or by the first four general Councils or any of them, or by any 
 other general Council wherein the same was declared heresie by the 
 express and plain words of the said Canonical Scriptures, or such 
 as hereafter shall be ordered judged or determined to be heresie, 
 by the High Court of Parliament of this realm, with the assent of 
 the Clergy in their Convocation ; anything in this Act contained to 
 the contrary notwithstanding." 
 
 I E LIZ. I § XXXVL
 
 AUTHORITATIVE STANDARDS. lOQ 
 
 and worship which are specially the heritage of the 
 Church of England, and which are, to a greater or less 
 extent, received by all her sister and daughter Churches. 
 These are the Prayer Book with its Catechism, the 
 Ordinal, and the XXXIX. Articles of Religion. 
 
 All these are subscribed by our clergy at ordination 
 or admission to office, but the XXXIX. Articles are not 
 imposed upon any person as a condition of communion. 
 With respect to the Prayer Book and Articles, we do 
 not consider it an indispensable condition of inter- 
 communion that they should be everywhere accepted in 
 their original form, or that the interpretation put upon 
 them by local courts or provincial tribunals should be 
 received by every branch or province of the Anglican 
 Communion. In illustration of this principle, we would 
 refer to the differences from the English Order of the 
 Administration of the Holy Communion which have 
 long existed in the Scottish and American Churches, 
 and to the facts that the XXXIX. Articles of Religion 
 were only accepted in America in the year 1801 with 
 some variations, and in Scotland in 1804, ^nd that the 
 Church of Ireland as well as the Church in America, 
 has introduced some modifications into the Book of 
 Common Prayer. 
 
 We, however, strongly deprecate any further material 
 variation in the text of the existing Sacramental offices 
 of the Church, or of the Ordinal, than is at present 
 recognised among us, unless with the advice of some 
 Conference or Council representing the whole Com- 
 munion. 
 
 With regard to the daily offices and such further 
 forms of service as the exigencies of different Churches 
 or countries may demand, we feel that they may be 
 safely left for the present to the action of the Bishops of 
 
 H
 
 no LAMBETH CONFERENCE, 1888. 
 
 each Province. We do not demand a rigid uniformity^ 
 but we desire to see the prevalence of a spirit of mutual 
 and sympathetic concession, which will prevent the 
 growth of substantial divergences between different por- 
 tions of our communion. With regard to those Dioceses 
 which are not yet united into Provinces, we recommend 
 that the Bishop of the Diocese should not act in the 
 way of revision of, or additions to, such offices without 
 the advice of the Archbishop of Canterbury ; or in the 
 case of foreign Missionary jurisdictions of the American 
 Church, without the advice of its Presiding Bishop. 
 
 With regard to the XXXIX. Articles of Religion 
 we thank God for the wisdom which guided our fathers, 
 in difficult times, in framing statements of doctrine, for 
 the most part accurate in their language and reserved 
 and moderate in their definitions. Even when speaking- 
 most strongly and under the pressure of great pro- 
 vocation our Communion has generally refrained from 
 anathemas upon opponents, and we desire in this to follow 
 those who have preceded us in the faith. The omission of a 
 few clauses in a few of the Articles would render the whole 
 body free from any imputation of injustice or harshness 
 toward those who differ from us. At the same time we 
 feel that the Articles are not all of equal value, that they 
 are not, and do not profess to be, a complete statement 
 ot Christian doctrine, and that, from the temporary and 
 local circumstances under which they were composed^ 
 they do not always meet the requirements of Churches 
 founded under wholly different conditions. 
 
 Some modification of these Articles may therefore 
 naturally be expected on the part of newly-constituted 
 Churches, and particularly in non-christian lands. But 
 we consider that it should be a condition of the recognition 
 of such Churches as in complete intercommunion with
 
 AUTHORITATIVE STANDARDS. Ill 
 
 our own, and especially of their receiving from us our 
 episcopal succession, that we should first receive from 
 them satisfactory evidence that they hold substantially 
 the same type of doctrine with ourselves. More par- 
 ticularly we are of opinion that the Clergy of such 
 Churches should accept articles in accordance with the 
 positive statements of our own standards of doctrine and 
 worship, particularly on the substance and rule of faith, 
 on the state and redemption of man, on the office of 
 the Church, and on the Sacraments and other special 
 ordinances of our holy religion. 
 
 III. 
 
 In the foregoing resolutions we have confined ourselves 
 to a consideration of existing authoritative formularies, 
 and to such as may serve the like use under particular 
 conditions. We are unable, after careful consideration 
 of the subject, to recommend that any new declaration 
 of doctrine should, at the present time, be put forth by 
 authority. We are, however, of opinion that the time 
 has come when an effort should be made to compose a 
 manual for teachers which should contain a summary 
 of the doctrine of the Church, as generally received 
 among us. Such a manual would draw its statements 
 of doctrine from authoritative documents already 
 existing, but would exhibit them in a completer and 
 more systematic form. It would also, naturally include 
 some explanation of the Services and ceremonies of the 
 Church. The whole might be preceded by a historical 
 sketch of the position and claims of our Communion. 
 
 Such a Manual would, we believe, be of great service 
 both in maintaining the type of doctrine to which we 
 have referred, and in enabling members of other 
 Churches to form a just opinion of our doctrines and
 
 112 LAMBETH CONFERENCE, I 
 
 worship. We suggest that His Grace the President be 
 requested to nominate three or more Bishops to under- 
 take such a work, and, if it seem good to him and to the 
 other Archbishops, MetropoHtans, and presiding Bishops 
 of the Church, that they give the work, when completed, 
 the sanction of their imprimatur. We do not suggest 
 that the Conference should be asked to undertake this 
 work, or that it should be regarded as an authoritative 
 standard of the Church. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Committee, 
 
 ALWYNE, ELY, 
 
 Chairman.
 
 */'> 
 
 WW 
 
 >»-.V.'-i 
 
 
 4 V 4 ^m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 l^^s 
 
 
 1 
 
 t, 
 
 »ilA»^ 
 
 i i 
 
 i«iri^ 
 
 [r 
 
 fc^ ■■ ..X. ■ \ ^ii'%im^9s^ M'^'-^ "^r: 
 
 vS, .•' 
 
 Ik^ 
 
 1. 
 
 If