University OF wilssouRi 
 
 buisiANA Pur 
 
 Exposition 
 
 SV-'^ '>• 
 
 <s, Missouri 
 
 1904 
 
) : i i Hl'(i 
 
rA(.^3vuts.-2- 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 MISSOURI 
 
 Columbia and Rolla 
 
 UNIVERSITY EXHIBIT 
 
 at the 
 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
 
 St. Louis, 1904. 
 
THE UNIVERSITY EXHIBIT 
 
 WAS 
 
 PLANNED AND PREPARED 
 
 UNDER THE DIRECTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COMMITTEE ON THE UNIVERSITY EXHIBIT 
 
 AT THE 
 
 LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION 
 
 JOHN PICKARD, CHAIRMAN 
 
 H. J. WATERS 
 
 ISIDOR LOEB 
 
 H. B. SHAW 
 
 THE EXHIBIT WAS INSTALLED AND SUPERVISED 
 
 BY 
 
 (iOHN PICKARD, superintendent 
 
 T. K. SMITH, A?§i9TANT 
 
The University of Missouri 
 
 at the 
 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
 
 MISSOURI COMMISSION. 
 
 This Exhibit is made under the direction of the 
 Missouri Commission for the Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition, composed of M. T. Davis, of Spring- 
 field; L. F. Parker, St. Louis; P. J. Moss, St. Jo- 
 seph; B. H. Bonfoey, Unionville; D. P. Stroup, 
 Norborne; N. H. Gentry, Sedalia; J. O. Allison, 
 New London; W. H. Marshall, Morehouse, and J. 
 H. Hawthorne, Kansas City. 
 
 It is under the direct supervision of Judge J. H. 
 Hawthorne, Chairman of the Committee of the 
 Commission, having charge of the Educational Ex- 
 hibits of the State. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY FACULTY AT THE FAIR. 
 
 The University has contributed not only exhibits 
 but also men for the great Exposition. The splen- 
 did Missouri Exhibits in the Palaces of Mines and 
 Metallurgy and of Agriculture were collected, or- 
 ganized and arranged under the direction of Dr. 
 George E. Ladd, Director of the School of Mines, 
 and Prof. H. J. Waters, Dean of the College of Ag- 
 riculture. Mr. L. A. Goodman, Director of the 
 3 
 
Missouri Horticulture Exhibit, is a lecturer on 
 Horticulture at the University. 
 
 In that comprehensive volume, ''The State of 
 Missouri," issued by the Missouri Commission 
 among "the Missourians best qualified to discuss 
 the various subjects therein treated" are to be 
 found many names which appear on the roster of 
 the University faculty. H. J. Waters, Dean of the 
 College of Agriculture, writes on agriculture; 
 F. B. Mumford, Professor of Animal Husbandry, 
 upon live stock; George E. Ladd, Director of the 
 School of Mines, upon mining; Isidor Loeb, Pro- 
 fessor of Political Science and Public Law, upon 
 how the commonwealth is governed; C. F. Marbut, 
 Professor of Geology, upon geology and physiogra- 
 phy; Jonas Viles, Instructor in History, upon 
 history; J. S. Ankeney, Jr., Instructor in Freehand 
 Drawing, upon art; George Lefevre, Professor of 
 Zoology, upon the fauna; B. M. Duggar, Professor 
 of Botany, upon the plant life of the State. 
 
 IN THE PALACE OF EDUCATION. 
 
 The main exhibit of the University of Missouri 
 is situated in block nine in the Palace of Educa- 
 tion, but attention is also called to important Uni- 
 versity exhibits in the Missouri sections in the Pal- 
 aces of Mines and Metallurgy, Agriculture, Horti- 
 culture and Forestry, Fish and Game. Still other 
 important matter is to be found in the United 
 States government displays in the national govern- 
 ment building, and in the exhibits from Agricult- 
 ural Colleges and Experiment Stations in the Pal- 
 ace of Education. 
 
 4 
 
THE JEFFERSON MONUMENT. 
 
 The central point of the University space in the 
 Palace of Education is most appropriately filled by 
 the original shaft erected over the great patriot's 
 grave in 1836. Made in accordance with Jeffer- 
 son's own specifications, with the marble slab con- 
 taining the world-famous epitaph, these two **most 
 precious pieces of stone on the American Conti- 
 nent" are reckoned among the most notable pos- 
 sessions of the University. 
 
 Since the Louisiana Purchase will ever rank as 
 one of the greatest achievements of the author of 
 the Declaration of Independence, since Jefferson 
 was also father of the State University in America 
 it is fitting that his monument should be in pos- 
 session of the State University of the most impor- 
 tant State carved from the Louisiana Purchase. 
 It is needless to say that with visitors at the Expo- 
 sition the Jefferson Monument vies in interest with 
 the Liberty Bell. 
 
 The University Exhibit may be divided into two 
 portions: 
 
 1. The general exhibit, which shows what the 
 University is. 
 
 2. The departmental exhibits which show in 
 part what the University is doing. 
 
 I. GENERAL EXHIBIT. 
 
 Model of the Campus of the University. 
 
 Made by George Carroll Curtis, Geographical 
 Sculptor, Boston. 
 
 5 
 
The topographical model of the grounds and 
 buildings of the Campus is made on the scale of 
 1:100 which approximates the common architect- 
 ural 1-8 scale. This permits the main Academic 
 building to be some three feet long while the dome 
 stands about 1 1-2 feet from the ground. The 
 human figure appears nearly an inch in elevation 
 on this scale. (The figure by steps of Academic 
 Hall.) The scale permits great accuracy in archi- 
 tectural modeling, even to the pattern of cornices. 
 Roads, walks, and paths, are accurately modeled 
 according to the most complete data obtainable. 
 The trees are exactly located, the general varieties 
 as elm, evergreen and maple being distinguished. 
 The condition of the grounds, the well-cropped 
 grass plots, woods and rougher portions are at- 
 tempted. 
 
 It has been the endeavor both to make the model 
 correct as to the dimensions, to have it convey the 
 appearance of the campus in early fall and also 
 to give the most interesting portions of the place 
 their due importance. 
 
 The methods employed in representing grass 
 and running water are somewhat novel. 
 
 It is placed in such an elevated position that the 
 usual view of a few feet from the ground is first 
 presented. By ascending the steps views which 
 range from 100 to 300 feet or more above the 
 ground may be obtained. Good views may also be 
 had from different positions and elevations around 
 the entire model. Those beside that from the 
 north end (the front) of the Campus most recom- 
 mended are (1) from a point overlooking the 
 Campus from behind the Geological Building 
 looking northwest and (2) from the northwest 
 
corner looking noutheast toward the Columns 
 from as high up as is practicable. 
 
 By looking at the work through the hollow of the 
 hand or through a paper tube, thereby shutting out 
 extraneous objects, better scale and more effective 
 views may be had. More natural effects may be 
 obtained by viewing from some distance, 25 feet 
 or more, also by low views beneath the trees. 
 
 A topographical model should convey the char- 
 acteristic appearance of a place as well as the ac- 
 curate rendering of the component parts. 
 
 Other Models. — In a separate case are shown 
 models of some of the University buildings that 
 are not located on the Campus. 1. Read Hall. 2 
 Horticultural Building. 3. Dairy Building. 4. Live 
 Stock Building. 
 
 BIRD'S-EYE VIEWS. 
 
 Made by F. Humphrey Woolrych, St. Louis. 
 
 In order to show the changes which have taken 
 place in the buildings and grounds a series of 
 water-color views have been placed on the walls 
 of the exhibit space, showing six important epochs 
 in the University's history. The first picture 
 shows the University at the completion of the first 
 building in 1843. The second view brings us to 
 1873, and we find as new buildings on the Campus, 
 the Observatory, the Agricultural Building and the 
 first student boarding houses. The next changes 
 of importance come in 1885 with the addition of 
 two large wings to the old University building. 
 The darkest hour of the University is shown in the 
 next picture, where are seen the smoking ruins of 
 
the great fire of 1892, in which the great main 
 building was destroyed. How splendidly the Uni- 
 versity has risen from the ashes of that fire is 
 shown by the pictures of the years 1895 and 1904. 
 It required forty years for the University to reach 
 in 1885 the culminating point before the fire. In 
 the twelve years since the fire a new and far 
 greater institution has grown up. 
 
 GROWTH OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 With these pictures showing changes in build- 
 ings and grounds should be compared a series of 
 charts showing a growth equally remarkable in 
 the number of students and faculty and in the 
 value of equipment, endowment and income. For 
 example, in 1842 there were five teachers and fifty- 
 nine students; in 1892, forty-nine teachers and five 
 hundred and fifty students; in 1904, one hundred 
 and twenty teachers and sixteen hundred and 
 forty-six students. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 Hundreds of photographs are arranged in al- 
 bums showing views in and about the University, 
 and a series of splendid pictures adorn the walls of 
 the space and do their part in showing what the 
 University actually is. 
 
 II. DEPARTMENTAL EXHIBITS. 
 
 It is of importance to know what the University 
 is. It is of greater importance to know what the 
 
University is doing. For this knowledge we turn to 
 the Departmental Exhibits. Though the Univer- 
 sity occupies more space than is given to any 
 other University at the Exposition, space is lack- 
 ing to show all the departments of the University 
 or to show adequately even the departments that 
 are represented. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. H. J. Waters; Prof. F. B. Mumford. 
 
 Cattle Feeding Experiments. — The exhibit is di- 
 vided into four sections: 
 
 Section I. — Illustrating the results of feeding 
 corn and linseed meal. 
 
 Section II. — Corn and cottonseed meal. • 
 
 Section III. — Corn and gluten feed. 
 
 Section IV. — Corn exclusively. 
 
 The above rations were all fed cattle while 
 grazing on blue grass pastures. 
 
 Photographs. — An album containing one hun- 
 dred photographs illustrates the instruction and 
 research w^ork of the Departments of Agronomy, 
 Animal Husbandry and Dairying. 
 
 in the Government Exhibit of Agricultural Col- 
 leges and Experiment Stations. 
 
 Department of Animal Husbandry. — Models of a 
 warm barn, a shed opening to the south, and an 
 open lot without protection of any kind, together 
 with models of cattle. These are intended to il- 
 lustrate the results of a three years' experiment 
 
 9 
 
on the relation of shelter to the economy of beef 
 production. 
 
 The work of the Laboratory for Animal Breed- 
 ing is illustrated in the Animal Husbandry section 
 by four mounted lambs, which are intended to 
 show the relation of birthweight to subsequent 
 growth, and by four mounted rabbits, four 
 mounted Guinea pigs, and two mounted white rats. 
 These latter specimens are shown primarily to in- 
 dicate the kind of animals used for research work 
 and the methods and principles of animal breed- 
 ing. Here are also shown twenty-five enlarged 
 photographs illustrating the Animal Husbandry 
 work. 
 
 In the Missouri Exhibit, Palace of Agriculture. 
 
 The College Farm has furnished fifty varieties of 
 corn and one hundred varieties of wheat, and more 
 than one thousand specimens of economic grasses 
 and forage plants. Diagrams graphically illus- 
 trating the component parts of the common feed- 
 ing stuffs, illustrations of the results of feeding 
 corn with various supplementary foods to cattle, 
 and ten enlarged photographs of important labora- 
 tories, experiments, and instructional work have 
 been prepared and placed in this exhibit. 
 
 More than fifty samples of wool were also pre- 
 pared by the students of the College of Agriculture 
 for exhibition here. 
 
 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. C. M. Jackson. 
 
 This exhibit consists of three distinct parts. 1. 
 
 The work in Topographic Anatomy. 2. Student 
 
drawings in Osteology and Histology. 3. A collec- 
 tion of human embryos. 
 
 Topographic Anatomy. — The study of Anatomy 
 by means of cross-sections was first introduced by 
 Dr. C. M. Jackson, of the University of Missouri, 
 in 1901. It has since been adopted by several 
 medical schools. Medical students spend three af- 
 ternoons a week, in the second semester of their 
 Sophomore year, on this work. Only those who 
 have made a, complete dissection of the human 
 body are admitted. Each student studies and 
 makes careful drawings of serial sections of the 
 head, trunk, and extremities. Two sets of sections 
 are shown: 
 
 A. Sections of Head. This subject was hard- 
 ened and preserved by intravascular injection of 
 formalin. The head was then decalcified by dilute 
 hydrochloric acid. Coronal sections were then cut 
 with a sharp knife. The sections are shown in 
 series from front to back; anterior view. On the 
 right of each case is a drawing made by a medical 
 student. 
 
 B. Sections of Trunk. The sections were pre- 
 pared in the same way as the head sections, but 
 were not decalcified. They extend, as will be 
 noticed, from the upper part of the lung, well 
 down into the liver. Each is about 2 1-2 cm. 
 thick. They show especially well the relation of 
 the thoracic viscera to each other and to the thor- 
 acic wall. It is believed that this method of study 
 gives the student a mental picture of the body 
 which can not be acquired in any other way. 
 
 Student Drawings. — A. Histology. These draw- 
 ings were selected from the laboratory books of 
 the first year medical class. Each student is re- 
 11 
 
quired to make a careful drawing, in India ink, of 
 each section studied. 
 
 B. Osteology. A complete skeleton is issued to 
 every two students. During the course, each stu- 
 dent draws one or more views of each bone and 
 hands them in to the instructor for criticism. The 
 B N A system of nomenclature is used. 
 
 Human Embryos. — This exhibit embraces a col- 
 lection of human embryos from about the twenty- 
 third day to the fifth month of intrauterine devel- 
 opment. One series has been treated with a 
 caustic potash mixture to show the skeleton. 
 The accompanying card gives the length and age 
 of the embryo. The condition of the skeleton at 
 the various stages of development is very clearly 
 shown. The second series is simply preserved 
 in alcohol. They are numbered in the order of 
 their age. Some have the foetal membranes still 
 attached. The younger specimens are of especial 
 interest. 
 
 ASTRONOMY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. F. H. Scares. 
 
 This exhibit is in two parts: 
 
 I. Charts in wing frames showing computations 
 by students. 
 
 1. Observations made and reduced by Junior 
 class, School of Civil Engineering. 
 
 2. Determinations by students of latitude with 
 the sextant. 
 
 3. Determinations by students of time with the 
 sextant and transit. 
 
 12 
 
II. Photographs of the Laws' Observatory and 
 some of the instruments are shown in an album of 
 University views. 
 
 BOTANY. 
 
 Prof. B. M. Duggar. 
 
 This department is represented at the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition by exhibits installed in four 
 sections as follows: 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Certain mushrooms, collected at Columbia, Mis- 
 souri, during one season. This consists of from 
 seventy-five to one hundred specimens (of fleshy 
 fungi, for the most part) from a collection of 
 about four hundred species. 
 
 They represent four orders of Discomycetes, 
 four orders of Pyrenomycetes, six orders of Hy- 
 menomycetes, two orders of Gasteromycetes. 
 
 Some of these fungi are preserved in liquids. 
 Dried laboratory cultures (pure cultures of the 
 mycelium) for physiological work, have been made 
 from about one-third of the species exhibited, and 
 a few of these cultures are included. 
 
 Photographs. — In addition, more than one hun- 
 dred photographs are shown in an album, illustra- 
 tive of these fungi and of their habitats, as well as 
 of other fungi which could not be placed upon ex- 
 hibition. 
 
 In United States Government Building. 
 
 In co-operation with the Bureau of Plant In- 
 dustry, United States Department of Agriculture. 
 
The Mushroom Industry. — The Mushroom Case, 
 illustrative of the work in mushroom growing un- 
 dertaken for the Bureau of Plant Industry, has 
 been designed with the view of giving a general 
 exposition of the mushroom industry, and of the 
 scientific work which is being done nationally to 
 stimulate the ifidustry. 
 
 Three shelves are devoted to various phases of 
 the scientific work. It has been shown by Prof. 
 Duggar that the tissue culture method of obtaining 
 pure cultures is applicable to nearly all fleshy 
 fungi whether they grow upon the earth or upon 
 decayed wood. Cultures made by this method have 
 been secured of many species of edible mush- 
 rooms, some of which cultures are shown in large 
 test tubes. These are supplemented by photo- 
 graphs and utensils indicating the methods in- 
 volved. Special mention should be made of cul- 
 tures of the morel, Morchella esculenta, a fungus 
 which rivals the truffle in flavor. In addition there 
 are photographs and preserved specimens of edi- 
 ble mushrooms. 
 
 Three shelves are devoted to commercial 
 spawns, edible products (which, at present, are 
 largely foreign), and views of the mushroom in- 
 dustry. Among the spawns are to be found the 
 English, the French, and the American, made 
 from pure cultures. The mushroom products in- 
 clude nearly all species and grades of preserved 
 mushooms which are to be found on the market, 
 the most highly prized being the morel and the 
 truffle. 
 
 The lower portion of the case shows types of 
 mushroom beds employed in the growth of Agan- 
 cjes campestris, The habit of the mushroom is 
 14 
 
shown by means of plaster casts, each of these 
 being a reproduction of a mushroom or of a cluster 
 of mushrooms grown in the experimental beds at 
 the University. 
 
 United States Government Building. 
 
 The "Plant Laboratory" of the Agricultural Ex- 
 periment Stations. 
 
 Some Plant Diseases. — This is a collection of 
 about thirty plant diseases, most of which are so 
 preserved as to show the characteristics of the 
 disease, and the actual color of the green host 
 plants. A few timber disease-organisms are also 
 included, as well as some cultures of fungi, and 
 apparatus showing culture media. 
 
 Palace of Education. 
 
 The Botanic exhibit of the State Agricultural 
 Experiment Stations includes a collection of about 
 one hundred photographs of fungi, some of which 
 are disease-producing, timber-destroying, edible, 
 innocuous and poisonous. 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. W. G. Brown. 
 
 Analysis (Hygienic and Industrial) of public 
 water of incorporated Missouri towns. While no 
 absolute standard for the Chemical purity of 
 drinking water can be given, the following conclu- 
 gjons may be regarded as approximately correct; 
 
(1) The total residue should not exceed 500 parts 
 
 per million. 
 
 (2) The inorganic residue may constitute the 
 
 total residue. 
 
 (3) The smaller the amount of organic residue 
 
 the better the water. 
 
 (4) The amount of sodium chloride should not 
 
 exceed ten parts per million. A larger 
 amount may be expected, however, in cer- 
 tain salt-producing districts. 
 
 (5) The organic matter in one million parts of 
 
 the water should not reduce more than 8 
 parts of potassium permanganate. 
 
 (6) The amount of free ammonia should not ex- 
 
 ceed 0.05 part per million. 
 
 (7) The amount of albuminoid ammonia should 
 
 not exceed 0.15 part per million. 
 
 (8) The amount of nitric acid should not exceed 
 
 0.5 part per million. 
 
 (9) The best waters contain no nitrous acid, and 
 
 any water which contains this substance 
 in quantity sufficient to be estimated 
 should not be regarded as a safe drinking 
 water. 
 
 Note. — The word ''trace" whenever used indi- 
 cates the existence of the substance in quantity 
 sufficient to be recognized by the test, but too 
 small to be determined quantitatively. 
 
 Samples of the various specimens of water ex- 
 amined are on exhibition. 
 
 16 
 
CIVIL ENGINEERING. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. F. P. Spalding. 
 
 This exhibit comprises: (1) A series of speci? 
 mens illustrating tests made by students in the 
 Laboratory for testing materials. These comprise 
 fineness tests for cement, and tests of strength 
 and elasticity of wood, iron, and steel. 
 
 (2) A few drawings, showing work in Struct- 
 ural Design, with note books, illustrating methods 
 employed in designing and computation. 
 
 (3) Maps showing work of Freshman and Soph- 
 omore classes in surveying. 
 
 (4) Photographs in an album, showing instru- 
 ments and classes in surveying, and equipment 
 used in testing materials. 
 
 CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. John Pickard. 
 
 This exhibit is limited to framed photographs 
 
 of views in the Museum of Classical Archaeology. 
 
 ECONOMICS. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. J. E. Pope. 
 
 This exhibit consists of eleven maps and eight 
 
 charts, accompanied by brief explanatory notes. 
 
 They are designed to portray the industrial and 
 
 financial history of the State of Missouri from 
 
 1764 up to the present time. 
 
 17 
 
The eleven maps illustrate the spread of popu- 
 lation, paying special attention to the influence of 
 waterways and artificial roads upon the extension 
 of settlement. The period after the introduction 
 of railways receives special attention, a map hav- 
 ing been prepared for each decade showing the 
 construction and direction of railways during that 
 period of time. The notes accompanying the maps 
 present the influences leading to the economic 
 movements, the magnitude of industry as it ex- 
 panded, and the various tendencies which have 
 appeared from time to time. 
 
 The eight charts take up in more detail some of 
 the industrial changes that have taken place, and, 
 they also present the most important developments 
 in the financial history of the State. Among the 
 subjects treated on the charts are the following: 
 The History of the State Debt. 
 The History of the Sources of Revenue in the 
 
 State. 
 The Growth of Taxable Wealth in the State 
 
 by Counties. 
 The Growth of Manufactures in the State. 
 The Growth of Agriculture in the State. 
 Development of Insurance in Missouri. 
 Development of Missouri Building and Loan 
 
 Associations. 
 Comparison of Taxation in Missouri and in 
 Neighboring States. 
 
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 Prof. H. B. Shaw. 
 The exhibit consists of: 
 
 16 
 
I. Apparatus made and used at the University: 
 
 1. Oil-damped magnatometer of simple form 
 and cheap, reducing very much the time required 
 to take observations. 
 
 2. A set of magnatometric apparatus making 
 use of the magnatometer in the measurement of 
 the magnetic qualities of iron wire. 
 
 3. Potential curve apparatus for determining 
 the distribution of the potential around the com- 
 mutator of a dynamo. 
 
 4. An oscillograph constructed by a student in 
 1900, of historical interest only. The quartz fiber 
 used as a suspension with this Oscillograph was 
 made by a method now in use and this is believed 
 to be the first suspension made by the method. 
 
 il. Results of Students' Work as Shown by: 
 
 1. Bound Theses. 
 
 2. A book of curves of results in the dynamo 
 laboratory. 
 
 3. A book of designs of an electric light plant 
 for the University. 
 
 ENTOMOLOGY. 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. J. M. Stedman. 
 
 The exhibit comprises: 
 
 1. A box containing the more common insecti- 
 cides used for the destruction of the various in- 
 jurious insects, together with formulae for mak- 
 ing the same. 
 
 19 
 
2. A box illustrating Seasonal Dimorphism. 
 
 3. A box containing species representing Sexual 
 Dimorphism. 
 
 4. Twelve boxes representing species of injuri- 
 ous insects that are conspicuous either on account 
 of their size or of their beautiful coloration. Each 
 species is represented in its complete stages of 
 blown larva, pupa, cocoon and male and female 
 adults. 
 
 5. Fourteen photographs in an album illustrate 
 the Department of Entomology. 
 
 Exhibit of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment 
 
 Stations — Government Exhibit, Palace of 
 
 Education. 
 
 1. A new breeding cage, invented by Professor 
 Stedman, which allov/s of the rearing of various 
 leaf and fruit insects in their natural conditions 
 and yet confines the insects so that they can not 
 escape. The cage is divided into halves, which 
 are placed about the trunk or stem of the plant 
 and sunk into the ground a few inches. This is 
 then filled with sand to the proper depth and ar- 
 ranged to prevent the insects from escaping be- 
 tween the cage and the trunk. A cheese cloth is 
 placed over the entire plant and around the cage 
 so that the insects are prevented from escaping to 
 the outside. At the same time they can enter the 
 ground, and, as the bottom of the cage is covered 
 with wire gauze, they can not escape. Since the 
 moisture from below can come up, the insects in 
 the ground will be in the same condition as though 
 the cage were not there. 
 
 2. A new root breeding cage, invented by Pro- 
 fessor Stedman, which enables one to observe at 
 
 '^0 
 
any time the various insects that may be upon 
 the roots of plants without disturbing the insects 
 or the plants. At the same time they are both un- 
 der perfectly natural conditions. Screens keep 
 the roots and the insects in the dark except when 
 rem-oved for observation. 
 
 3. A new form of spreading board. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 Prof. C. F. Marbut. 
 
 Relief Maps of Missouri. — Five relief maps, col- 
 ored to show various features of geographic and 
 economic interest. The horizontal scale of the 
 maps is 1:125000, or about two miles to one inch. 
 The vertical scale is 1:12000, or about 1,000 feet 
 to an inch. The size of the maps is about 13 1-2 
 feet by 16 feet. The area covered is the whole of 
 the State of Missouri and a strip of Illinois, Kan- 
 sas and Nebraska, sufficiently wide to include the 
 whole width of the Missouri and Mississippi bot- 
 tom lands. The data on which the relief is based 
 is gathered from all available published sources, 
 including the maps and reports of the United 
 States Geological Survey, the Missouri Geological 
 Survey, the Mississippi River Commission, the 
 Missouri River Commission, and the "United States 
 Land Office Survey, and from reconnoisance map- 
 ping by C. F. Marbut and Otto Veatch. The area 
 based on such data as the last named is large, in- 
 cluding all of the northern part of the State north 
 of the latitude of Louisiana and most of the area 
 lying south of the main line of the St. Louis and 
 San Francisco railway. The intimate general 
 
knowledge of this area that has been obtained by 
 ten years of geological work in the region has 
 enabled the author to produce a fairly good gen- 
 eral picture of the topography of the area. The 
 attempt has been made and it is believed, with 
 success, to show the various characteristics of 
 the topography with faithfulness even though it 
 hss been impossible to show details with accu- 
 racy. The various stages of dissection from even 
 plains to the thoroughly and deeply dissected re- 
 gions are clearly shown and accurately located. 
 The width of the river and creek valleys is also 
 shown. The elevations are more nearly correct 
 than is the detail of the topography. This has 
 been made possible through the railway levels, the 
 many hundreds of barometer readings in the re- 
 gion and the fact that most of the rivers may be 
 used as lines of levels on account of the fact that 
 they are all graded. 
 
 The details even of the topography along all the 
 railway lines of the State are about as accurate 
 as the scale of the map will permit. Surveys were 
 made along all the lines of the State for this pur- 
 pose. 
 
 All the data from all the sources named was col- 
 lected and converted into a contour map of the 
 State on the same scale as the relief map, with a 
 contour interval of 100 feet. A relief map in sec- 
 tions made of cardboard and modelling clay was 
 made from this contour map. Gelatine negatives 
 were cast from these sections and plaster posi- 
 tives cast from these negatives. These positives 
 were trimmed, smoothed and gone over carefully 
 and compared with the contour map. From these 
 completed positive sections a final negative was 
 2:i 
 
cast, from which the five relief maps were cast 
 in two sections each. The final positives were 
 further trimmed and smoothed before they were 
 colored and lettered. 
 
 The various maps were finished as follows: 
 
 The first map was finished merely as a general 
 political map of Missouri. It shows the cities, 
 towns, and postoffices, the railway lines, county 
 lines, and names of rivers and most creeks. It is 
 installed in the model library of the Missouri 
 Building. 
 
 The second map was colored to show the agri- 
 cultural soils of the State. It shows ten different 
 classes of soils, the classification being based 
 partly on origin and derivation of the soil and 
 partly on productivity. The same classification 
 of the soils of the State is shown on a small map 
 in "The State of Missouri," Walter Williams, ed- 
 itor (E. W. Stephens, publisher, Columbia, Mo.), 
 accompanied with a description of each kind of 
 soil and a discussion of its capabilities so far as 
 is known at present. It is installed in the Agri- 
 cultural Building. 
 
 The third map was colored to show the fruit 
 soils of the State. Two areas or belts are shown 
 in which fruit growing on a commercial scale is 
 possible, and another area in which fruit growing 
 for home use or for speciar local markets only, is 
 advised. 
 
 The two fruit areas are the River Hill fruit belt, 
 consisting of a belt extending along both sides of 
 the Missouri river extending backward from the 
 river some three to twenty miles and the Ozark 
 fruit area, including practically the whole of the 
 Ozark region. This map is colored on the au- 
 
 2:J 
 
thority of Prof. J. C. Whitten, Professor of Hor- 
 ticulture in the University of Missouri, and Hon. 
 L. A. Goodman, Secretary of the Missouri State 
 Horticultural Society. It is installed in the Hor- 
 ticultural Building. 
 
 The fourth map was colored to show the geo- 
 logical formations of the State and the mining 
 districts. 
 
 The rocks of the whole State are differentiated 
 into twenty-four different formations. The great- 
 est number of formations placed in any geological 
 map of the State heretofore made has been less 
 than half this number, excepting the small geo- 
 logical map in '*The State of Missouri," on which 
 there are twelve formations. 
 
 This is the first time that an attempt has been 
 made to differentiate the various geological forma- 
 tions that occur in the Ozark regions of Missouri. 
 As a result of this differentiation the main struct- 
 ural lines of the State are well brought out. It is 
 clearly shown that the lines are axes of folding in 
 the Ozark region run northwest and southeast in- 
 stead of northeast and southwest. It shows the 
 existence of four lines of uplift or four anticlines, 
 in each one of which the axis has a northwest 
 southeast trend and one pronounced syncline 
 whose axis has the same trend. The axis of the 
 main anticline runs through Franklin, Washing- 
 ton, Iron, Madison, and Wayne counties; another 
 through Morgan, Camden, and Laclede; a third 
 through the northwestern part of Boone, and the 
 fourth through Lincoln, Pike, Ralls, and Marion 
 into Knox. The pronounced syncline referred to 
 runs through St. Louis, St. Charles and Audrain 
 and thence northwestward. 
 
 24 
 
The map shows also that the course of the 
 Mississippi river is well adjusted to the structure, 
 that stream flowing either parallel to or perpen- 
 dicularly across the folds. This map is installed 
 in the Mining Building. 
 
 The fifth map also was colored to show the dis- 
 tribution of the geological formations. It is very- 
 much the same as the fourth map. It does not 
 show the various mining camps and is slightly 
 more detailed in its geology. All the geological 
 and structural features that are brought out on the 
 fourth map are also brought out on this. It is in- 
 stalled in the Missouri University Exhibit in the 
 Education Building. 
 
 The labor of making the maps has been per- 
 formed wholly by students of the University of 
 Missouri. The only part of the work that has 
 been done by persons other than students is the 
 painting, which was done by Mr. A. H. Glass, of 
 Columbia. Apart from the knowledge, energy 
 and skill of Professor C. F. Marbut it is to the 
 keen interest that was taken by the students in 
 this work that most of the success is due. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Dr. Jonas Viles. 
 
 Presidential Elections in IVIissouri. — The exhibit 
 of this department consists of twenty-two maps, 
 which illustrate the strength and the distribution 
 of the political parties in Missouri at the presiden- 
 tial elections. In every election the counties car- 
 
 25 
 
ried by either candidate are indicated by the color 
 assigned to that party; but each color in turn is 
 divided into three tints to show, in a general way, 
 the size of the majority. For example, as yellow 
 is used throughout to indicate the democratic ma- 
 jority, a democratic county where the party polled 
 less than 60 per cent of the total vote, i. e., where 
 the ratio between the votes of the two parties was 
 less than three to two, is colored the lightest tint 
 of yellow to indicate that the vote of the county 
 was a close one. In the same manner if the ratio 
 was less than three to one, the second tint indi- 
 cates a strongly democratic county; and, when the 
 ratio is three to one or over, the darkest tint in- 
 dicates an overwhelming democratic majority. 
 Similarly the tints of the green or blue show the 
 counties carried by the whigs or the republicans, 
 and the proportion of the total vote cast by the 
 successful party. 
 
 There are no maps for the elections of 1820, 
 1824, and 1832. In 1820 and in 1824 the presiden- 
 tial electors were chosen by the legislature. A 
 careful search at Jefferson City and at St. Louis 
 has failed to disclose the returns for 1832. In 
 1860 the issues were so important and the candi- 
 dates so many that it seemed best to show the 
 strength of each in every county by colored strips 
 proportionate in width to the vote of each candi- 
 date. Two supplementary maps show the distri- 
 bution of the Breckenridge vote and the Lincoln 
 vote, as indicating the strength of the extreme pro- 
 slavery party and the unconditional Union party. 
 The vote on the so-called ''Drake Constitution" of 
 1865 is included in this series as showing the be- 
 ginnings of the modern democratic and republican 
 
parties in the State. In 1880 the vote of a third 
 party, the "greenback," was of sufficient impor- 
 tance to demand a map illustrating its dictribu- 
 tion. 
 
 As the presidential electors have always been 
 chosen in Missouri on a general ticket, it seemed 
 best (in order to avoid confusion) to omit the di- 
 vision into electoral districts. To obtain an abso- 
 lutely correct idea of the relative strength of the 
 parties in the total vote of the State, these maps, 
 especially those of the earlier elections, should be 
 compared with others showing the density of popu- 
 lation. It is hoped, however, that this exhibit will 
 give an accurate and adequate idea of the political 
 conditions in every county and section of the State 
 at the presidential elections. 
 
 HORTICULTURE. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 Prof. J. C. Whitten. 
 
 Winter Temperature of Peach Twigs. — Models 
 showing the relation of color to the winter tem- 
 perature of peach twigs, to the hardiness of fruit 
 buds, and to their time of blossoming in spring. 
 
 Lime wash on peach twigs reflects the heat from 
 the sun, thus holding the fruit buds at atmospheric 
 temperature and enabling them to remain dormant 
 on sunny days in winter and consequently resist- 
 ant to subsequent cold. 
 
 The natural purple coloring matter of peach 
 twigs which are not whitened absorb sun heat 
 which is often sufficient to raise the temperature 
 
 27 
 
of the twig fifteen degrees above the temperature 
 of the surrounding atmosphere. This causes the 
 fruit buds to swell and grow sufficiently on sunny 
 winter days that they are subject to injury from 
 subsequent cold. 
 
 Varietxs of peaches possessing pale green twigs 
 absorb less best than do those varieties possess- 
 ing purple twigs and the former are less liable to 
 w^inter injury than are the latter. 
 
 Whitened peach trees blossom later in spring 
 than do these whose purple coloring matter is left 
 exposed to the sun, and they are, therefore, less 
 liable to injury from late spring frosts. 
 
 Peach trees which are protected from winter 
 sunlight by means of covering of straw (as shown 
 in the accompanying model) are also rendered 
 less liable to winter injury. 
 
 Winter Forcing of Asparagus. — Model showing 
 method of forcing asparagus in the open field in 
 winter. An artificial method of forcing asparagus 
 in the open field in winter devised at the Univer- 
 sity of Missouri; consists of heating the soil about 
 the plants by means of steam emitted into under- 
 ground tunnels between the rows of asparagus. 
 The asparagus field is (1) trenched between the 
 rows and these trenches covered to form tunnels 
 in the soil just below the crowns of the asparagus 
 plants; (2) the field is mulched with straw to re- 
 tain the heat at any time during winter; (3) steam 
 is then blown into these tunnels through a steam 
 hose, from the greenhouse boiler. An average of 
 three to five minutes is required to blow in a suffi- 
 cient quantity of steam to heat the rows on either 
 side of the tunnels. This heat will easily be re- 
 tained for twenty-four hours before a second 
 
EteEming is required. Daily applications of steam 
 for ten days or two weeks are sufficient to produce 
 the first crop of asparagus plants. If the heating 
 is kept up daily the plants will continue to produce 
 for about eight weeks before their energy is ex- 
 hausted. If allowed to grow without cutting dur- 
 ing the subsequent summer, the plants recover 
 their energy sufficiently to admit of forcing during 
 each alternate winter. This has proven to be of 
 importance to market gardeners who heretofore 
 have forced asparagus in winter only by removing 
 the plants to a warm cellar or greenhouse where 
 they were forced by artificial heat. This old 
 method destroys the plants to such an extent that 
 they are not suitable for future use. Forcing in 
 the open field does not destroy the plants and 
 saves the expense of storage and of moving the 
 plants. 
 
 Photographs. — In an album many photographs 
 are also shown. 
 
 Missouri Exhibit, Palace of Horticulture. 
 
 Jars of Fruit. — Here are exhibited several hun- 
 dred glass jars of preserved fruits and horticult- 
 ural specimens. Among the more important is a 
 collection of over one hundred varieties of Ameri- 
 can grapes. These grapes are representative of 
 the leading types and varieties originated from the 
 various wild specimens of American grapes, and 
 were grown on the Experiment Station grounds at 
 Columbia. They give opportunity for a study and 
 comparison of the leading types of American na- 
 tive grapes and their comparative adaptability to 
 our climatic conditions. 
 
 The exhibit also embraces the leading types and 
 varieties of plums originated from native wild 
 
species of this countrj^, together with types of 
 plums introduced from other parts of the world. 
 Varieties of peaches representing the leading vari- 
 eties cultivated in this State are also included. It 
 also shows specimens of the leading varieties of 
 apples and pears grown in Missouri. In selecting 
 these specimens, care has been taken to secure 
 those which typically represent the development 
 of each variety or type as ordinarily grown in the 
 State. 
 
 A Pathological Collection, showing the principal 
 diseases of cultivated fruits is also included. 
 
 Photographs. — The Department has also pre- 
 pared three hundred enlargements, 16 x 28 inches 
 each, illustrating the horticultural work of the De- 
 partment as well as many large orchards, berry 
 fields, and vineyards which typically represent the 
 fruit-growing interests throughout the whole State. 
 Special mention may be made of the fact that 
 methods of handling and managing fruit trees are 
 shown by means of photographs of specimen trees 
 from the time of the planting of the orchard on up 
 to bearing age. These trees are shown before and 
 after pruning each year in order to illustrate thor- 
 oughly the method of handling under ordinary con- 
 dition as well as after severe winters or when- 
 ever any unusual circumstance requires special 
 methods of pruning. 
 
 INTERNAL MEDICINE. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. W. J. Calvert. 
 
 To facilitate the work of the instructor in im- 
 parting, and to assist the student in obtaining a 
 
 30 
 
mental picture of the several organs of the body, a 
 series of charts has been outlined. A portion of 
 these are here exhibited. 
 
 The purpose of the charts is as follows: 
 
 1. To give prominence to the anatomical data 
 most used by the clinician. 
 
 2. To represent the various organs in normal 
 size. 
 
 3. To represent sounds, normal and patholog- 
 ical, by lines over their respective areas. 
 
 4. To keep the bony structures in mind as land- 
 marks. 
 
 Four original charts, representing the outlines 
 of the body, its organs, blood-vessels, are neces- 
 sary, one each for the anterior, posterior, right and 
 left sides. 
 
 The subject-matter of some of the charts is as 
 follows: 
 
 Chart No. 1 represents normal area of lungs, 
 heart, liver and kidneys. 
 
 Chart No. 5 represents mitral insufficiency with 
 enlarged heart. The triangles show the directions 
 of transmitted systolic murmurs. 
 
 Chart No. 6 represents aortic stenosis with 
 transmitted murmurs. 
 
 Chart No. 7 represents aortic insufficiency with 
 transmitted murmurs. 
 
 Chart No. 8 represents the area of relative and 
 absolute dullness of the liver, absolute dullness of 
 the heart and a limited pleural effusion on left 
 side. Black lines represent dullness. 
 
 Charts Nos. 9 and 10 represent front and left 
 side view of abdominal aneurysm. 
 
 Chart No. 11 represents normal outlines of 
 lungs, heart, aorta, spleen, liver and kidneys. 
 
 31 
 
Chart No. 12 represents an extensive pericardial 
 effusion with areas of dullness. 
 
 LAW. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 Judge John D. Lawson, Dean. 
 
 Legal Publications. — The collection includes all 
 obtainable works on law — treatises, encyclopedia 
 or magazine articles — written by members of the 
 Faculty of Law and graduates and students in the 
 Law Department. 
 
 Bliss, Philemon, LL. D. (Dean Law Department, 
 University of Missouri, 1872-1889.) 
 Code Pleading. 
 Sovereignty. 
 Fisher, Samuel B., LL. B. (University of Missouri, 
 1890.) 
 
 Articles (Encyclopedia of Pleading and Prac- 
 tice), 3 vols. 
 Articles (Cyclopedia of Law and Procedure). 
 Hale, William B., LL. B. (University of Missouri, 
 1890.) 
 Bailments. 
 Damages. 
 Torts. 
 Miscellaneous Articles (Am. and Eng. Enc. of 
 
 Law). 
 Miscellaneous Articles (Cyc. of Pleading and 
 rractice), 2 vols. 
 Jennings, Frank, B., LL. B. (University of Mis- 
 souri, 1900.) 
 
 32 
 
Articles (Cyclopedia of Lav/ and Procedure). 
 Kclley, Henry S., LL. D. (Picftssor of Law, Uni- 
 versity of Missouri, 1872-1882.) 
 
 Missouri Criminal Law and Procedure. 
 
 Missouri Justices and Constables. 
 
 Missouri Probate Guide. 
 Key, William C, LL. B. (Univercity of Missouri, 
 1897.) 
 
 Overruled Cases. 
 Lawson, John D., LL. D. (Professor of Lav/, Uni- 
 versity of Missouri, 1891-1903, Dean of Law De- 
 partment, University of Missouri. 1903 — .) 
 
 Bailments, Principles of. 
 
 Contracts, Principles of. 
 
 Contracts (Cyclopedia of Law and Procedure). 
 
 Contracts of Common Carriers. 
 
 Concordance of Words and Phrases. 
 
 Criminal Defenses, 5 vols. 
 
 Digest Nevada Reports. 
 
 Expert and Opinion Evidence. 
 
 Insanity as a Defense to Crime. 
 
 Leading Cases Simplified, 3 vols. 
 
 Making of a Contract, The. 
 
 Miscellaneous Essays. 
 
 Personal Property Cases. 
 
 Presumptive Evidence. 
 
 Rights, Remedies, and Practice, 8 vols. 
 
 Usages and Customs. 
 Loeb, Isidor, LL. B. (University of Missouri, 1903.) 
 
 Married Women. 
 Mack, William, LL. B. (University of Missouri, 
 1887.) 
 
 Digest of Railway Law, 8 vols. 
 
 Digest American State Reports. 
 
 33 
 
Martin, Alex., LL. iJ. (Dean Law Department, Uni- 
 versity of Missouri, 1889-1902.) 
 
 Civil Procedure. 
 
 Equity Cases. 
 Martin, William A. (University of Missouri, 1890.) 
 
 Articles (Cyclopedia of Law and Procedure). 
 
 Articles (Encyclopedia of Pleading and Prac- 
 tice), 3 vols. 
 McGruder, Mark A., LL. B. (University of Mis- 
 souri, 1901.) 
 
 Laws of Commerce. 
 Thompson, Seymour D., LL. D. (Professor of Law, 
 University of Missouri, 1880-1889.) 
 
 Carriers of Passengers. 
 
 Charging the Jury. 
 
 Electricity. 
 
 Juries. 
 
 Negligence, 2 vols. 
 
 Officers of Corporations. 
 
 Stockholders of Corporations. 
 
 Trials, 2 vols. 
 Tiedeman, Christopher G., LL. D. (Professor of 
 Law, University of Missouri, 1881-1891.) 
 
 Commercial Paper. 
 
 Police Power. 
 
 Real Property. 
 
 Sales. 
 
 Unwritten Constitution, The. 
 Wilson, W. F., LL. B. (University of Missouri, 
 1900.) 
 
 Statutes of Oklahoma, 2 vols. 
 
 Oklahoma Digest. 
 Prize Theses. 1893-1902. Published in Central 
 Law Journal. 
 1893, Loeb, Isidor— 38 Cent. L. J. 4. LL. B., 1893. 
 
 34 
 
**The Doctrine of Election in Equity." 
 
 1894. Tidd, A. L.— 40— 86. LL. B., 1894. "What 
 Interference in the Performance of Contracts by 
 
 Persons not Parties thereto is Actionable." 
 
 1895. Adams, D. E.--48— 51. LL. B., 1895. "Pos- 
 session, Actual or Constructive, in Law and 
 
 Equity." 
 
 1896. Eppes, Thos. J.— 45— 14S. LL. B., 1896. 
 ''Rights to Land Made by or Resulting from Ac- 
 cretion, Reliction and Evulsion." 
 
 1897. Gwinn, Arthur— 57— 464. LL. B., 1897. 
 "Ratification in the Law of Agency." 
 
 1898. Thompson, G. A.— 47— 148. LL. B., 1898. 
 "Right of Privacy as Protected and Recognized 
 
 in Law and Equity." 
 
 1899. English, G. H.— 51— 360. LL. B., 1899. 
 "The Law of Missouri Relating to Surface 
 
 Water." 
 
 1900. Creason, Goodwin— 54— 42. LL. B., 1900. 
 "The Law of Subrogation and the Modes of En- 
 forcing it." 
 
 1901. Brown, N. S.— 54— 382. LL. B., 1901. Vale- 
 dictorian, 1901. "Spendthrift Trusts." 
 
 1902. Chaney, W. L.~57— 283. LL. B., 1902. "Li- 
 abilities of Parties to Joint and Several Con- 
 tracts." 
 
 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Librarian J. T. Gerould. 
 
 The exhibit of the University Library consists 
 of an album containing a few views of the interior, 
 blanks covering the administrative work and a 
 
 35 
 
few tables showing the growth and progress of the 
 Library. 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 
 University Exiiibit_, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. E. R. Hedrick. 
 
 Some of the models exhibited were made at the 
 University of Missouri. Others are a loan exhibit 
 from Martin Schilling, of Halle, Germany. All are 
 labelled but a brief description is here given of 
 those made by students. 
 
 1. Unilateral Closed Surface. — This surface is 
 an analysis situs model of a closed surface with 
 only one side. It necessarily pierces itself. The 
 red line is the path from a point to the point di- 
 rectly opposite. It does not divide the surface. 
 The black line is a closed cut which divides the 
 surface. The two cuts together divide the sur- 
 face into a rectangular sheet (topographically). 
 (Mr. Haines.) 
 
 2. Klein's Icosahedron. — A model of the icosa- 
 hedron group of sixty operations, with its sub- 
 groups. All the regular solids are represented in 
 colors, and the corresponding groups may be 
 traced. The symbols for the operations of the 
 group which carry the fundamental region one into 
 the other fundamental regions are given by the 
 cards attached to the model over the correspond- 
 ing regions. (Miss Walker.) 
 
 3. Surface of Constant Negative Curvature of 
 the Hyperbolic Type. — This particular model is 
 the hyperbolic type of surface of rotation of con- 
 
 36 
 
stant negative curvature. The blue lines are the 
 geodetics, the green are the lines of constant geo- 
 detic distance (geodetic circles), the red are the 
 lines of curvature^ and the black are the asymp- 
 totic lines. (Mr. Ziegel.) 
 
 4. Mold for Paper of Constant Negative Curva- 
 ture. — This mould was taken from Model No. 14, 
 and corresponds to a=5 in the usual formula. 
 (Curvature — a^, in inches.) Paper moulded may 
 be united into sheets for demonstration of new 
 surfaces of constant negative curvature, or for 
 demonstrating the applicability of these surfaces. 
 (See No. 3.) (Mr. Zeigel.) 
 
 5. Catenoid. — This is the only Minimum Sur- 
 face revolution. The red and the blue lines repre- 
 sent the lines of curvature, and the yellow lines 
 the asymptotic lines. The asymptotic lines stand 
 at right angles, since the radii of curvature are 
 negative reciprocals by definition. (Miss Ra- 
 bourn.) 
 
 6. Anchor Ring With Group Figure of Defi- 
 ciency One. — The division of the surface into these 
 parts determines (non-euclidean) motions of the 
 ring into itself, which, together, necessarily form 
 a group. The operations here represented are 
 marked on corresponding fundamental regions. 
 (Miss Walker.) 
 
 7. Catenoid. — Plaster model to illustrate Bon- 
 net Property. (Miss Rabourn.) 
 
 8. Double Ring Surface. — Group of a deficiency 
 two. (Miss Walker.) 
 
 9. IVIeusnier's Theorem. — "The radius of surva- 
 ture of an oblique section of any surface is equal 
 
 37 
 
to the radius of curvature of the tangent normal 
 section, multiplied by the cosine of the angle of 
 inclination." The oblique section, the tangent nor- 
 mal section, and the surface itself, are shown in 
 colors. The radius of curvature of the oblique sec- 
 tion is shown as the projection of that of the nor- 
 mal section. (Mr. Bowman.) 
 
 10. Helicoid. Minimum Screw Surface. — The 
 Helicoid is the only ruled minimum surface whose 
 generating lines are parallel to a fixed plane. In 
 this model, the asymptotic lines are shown in red 
 and blue, and are orthogonal. The lines of curva- 
 ture are yellow. (Miss Rabourn.) 
 
 11. Pseudosphere. — This model corresponds to 
 a=:5 in the usual formula. (Mr. Ziegel.) 
 
 12. Mold for Constant Negative Curvature Pa- 
 per, a=10. (Mr. Ziegel.) 
 
 13. Pseudosphere. — This is a model for class 
 demonstration. It corresponds to a choice of 
 a=10 in the usual formula. The blue lines are geo- 
 detics, and the blue figure represents the failure 
 of the Euclidean axiom of parallels on this surface 
 (see No. 3). The red lines are the lines of curva- 
 ture — the meridians and the circles of revolution — 
 it is fairly apparent to the eye that the surface is 
 of constant negative curvature from an inspection 
 of these lines. The black lines are the asymptotic 
 lines, whose torsion is shown to be a constant. 
 Since the surface is of revolution, any line drawn 
 may be revolved about the axis of revolution with- 
 out altering its properties. (Mr. Ziegel.) 
 
 14. Schwarz Cylinder. Fallacy of the Serret 
 Definition of Area on a Surface. — The inscribed 
 triangles shown are supposed to increase in num- 
 
ber indefinitely, while their dimensions all ap- 
 proach zero. Serret's definition of the area of a 
 surface would make the area of the cylinder equal 
 to the limit of the sum of the areas of the triangles. 
 Schwarz showed that the limit of this sum de- 
 pended upon the relative rates at which the two 
 dimensions of the triangles apprt;ach zero. If (as 
 represented) the width approaches zero more 
 slowly than the height (as the inverse square) the 
 limit will evidently exceed the area of the cylinder. 
 (Mr. Shellenberger.) 
 
 15. Surface of Constant Negative Curvature of 
 the Cone Type. — See Nos. 3 and 16. This is the 
 third type of rotation surface of constant negative 
 curvature. The vertex of this model may be 
 thought to have ascended to infinity in the type of 
 No. 16. The blue lines are geodetics; the red are 
 lines of curvature; and the black are asymptotic 
 lines. (Mr. Ziegel.) 
 
 16. Real Representation of Imaginary Points of 
 a Locus In Two Dimensions. — The model repre- 
 sents all (real and imaginary) points of a real cir- 
 cle (blue), and those of two real straight lines 
 (red). The intersections are all shown, those of 
 one of the lines with the circle being imaginary. 
 Real points are marked in white. (Mr. Ingold.) 
 
 17. Mobius Band. — This is an unilateral sur- 
 face, which was first studied by Mobius. A closed 
 curve does not necessarily cut the surface in two, 
 and one can pass from any position to any other 
 (counting both directions of the normal) without 
 crossing the edge. (Mr. Monroe.) 
 
 18. Unilateral Surface With Three Closed Cuts. 
 The model illustrates the theory of connectivity of 
 surfaces. (Mr. Monroe.) 
 
 39 
 
19. Templets for the Models Nos. 3, 14, 16, 18. 
 
 These templets were used in marking the corres- 
 ponding models, and illustrate the method of con- 
 struction. (Mr. Ziegel.) 
 
 MECHANIC ARTS. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Cook. 
 
 In a glass case are shown: 
 
 1. Specimens of class work in wood, iron and 
 steel, and pattern making. 
 
 2. Specimens of work in mat and basket weav- 
 ing, and in clay modeling by students of the De- 
 partment of Education preparing to teach these 
 subjects in the public schools. 
 
 Photographs illustrating work in this depart- 
 ment are to be found in the album of University 
 views. 
 
 MECHANICAL DRAWING. 
 
 University Exhibit^ Palace of Education. 
 
 Mr. W. B. Rollins. 
 
 The exhibit from this department is intended to 
 give a general view of the work as taught in the 
 Freshman and Sophomore years of the Engineer- 
 ing courses. 
 
 During the Freshman year the student has some 
 elementary mechanical drawing together with De- 
 scriptive Geometry drawing. The Sophomore 
 
 'JO 
 
year is devoted to elementary work in Stereotorny, 
 machine drawing and design, and water-color 
 work, including topography. 
 
 On account of lack of exhibit space, only a few 
 plates of each set are shown. All plates exhibited 
 were made by students in actual class work. 
 
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. A. M. Greene. 
 
 Apparatus. — The apparatus for determining the 
 stroke of pumps with a variable length of stroke, 
 is to be attached to a pump to count the excess 
 movement beyond a given length or the entire 
 movement of the plunger. It is so arranged that 
 each revolution recorded on the counter means 
 one foot of movement. 
 
 The Anemometer Tester is to be used for deter- 
 mining the error in anemometers. It is to be 
 mounted on a wall and can be run at various uni- 
 form speeds. By an electrical attachment the 
 counting apparatus and the handle of the Anemo- 
 meter will be thrown in operation at the same 
 time, thus counting the revolutions of the arm 
 when the anemometer is in full motion. 
 
 Test of Materials. — These materials are shown 
 on three shelves. The second shelf represents the 
 results of the investigation of Professor Marx 
 and Schweitzer on the coals of Missouri, the rela- 
 tive amounts of ash, fixed carbon, volatile matter, 
 sulphur and moisture being represented by the 
 heights in the test tubes of the various substances 
 
 41 
 
used to represent constituents. The coals are 
 arranged in order of their heating values and the 
 label on each tube gives the county from which 
 the coal was taken and also the heating value of 
 the coal. At one end of the line of tubes is a 
 tube representing one of the eastern bituminous 
 coals (Pocahontas) for reference. A bulletin giv- 
 ing the results of this investigation may be had in 
 the fall, by application to the Engineering De- 
 partment of the University of Missouri. 
 
 On the top shelf is placed a series of samples of 
 lubricating oils which have been tested at the 
 University. The results of these tests are given 
 on the bottles. 
 
 On the third shelf the tests of belts, transmis- 
 sion ropes and steels are so labelled that the re- 
 sults of these are easily seen. It is to be noted 
 that the tests of steel show the effects of nickel 
 and also the difference in annealed and unan- 
 nealed steels. The effect of splicing leather belts 
 is shown in the test of belts. The tests on ropes 
 were not very satisfactory, owing to the difficulty 
 in gripping the specimen. 
 
 Drawing. — The drawings shown in the wing 
 frames illustrate work in the courses on ''Plants 
 and Processes," "Machine Design" and "Boiler De- 
 sign." In the course the drawings show several 
 designs for a power house for the University and 
 one elevation for one of the plans. These designs 
 were worked out by the students to fit certain con- 
 ditions. The "Machine Design" drawings repre- 
 sent details of the parts of a traveling crane, and 
 the "Boiler Design" plates show the design of sev- 
 eral types of boilers. 
 
 iz 
 
Chart. — The chart showing the subjects taught 
 in the course in Mechanical Engineering gives the 
 actual hours given to each subject. The drawings 
 of the Mechanical Laboratory and of the Power 
 House give some idea of the arrangement of the 
 plant at Columbia. 
 
 Theses. — The theses of the department for the 
 last year are in a case with the publications of the 
 University, and may be seen on application to the 
 attendant. The Reports of the students on Labo- 
 ratory Work, a set of notes in Steam Engine De- 
 sign, and the sketch work in Steam Engineering 
 are also bound in book form. 
 
 Photographs are shown in an album and also in 
 the end of the case. 
 
 SCHOOL OF MINES. 
 
 University Exhibit^ Palace of Education. 
 
 Dr. George E. Ladd, Director. 
 
 A bird's-eye view in water-colors shows the 
 buildings and grounds of the School of Mines as 
 they appear in 1904. 
 
 Seven framed photographs on the wall help to 
 make the picture more complete. These are again 
 supplemented by an album of photographs. 
 
 Among the charts is one showing the growth of 
 this department of the University. 
 
 Missouri Exhibit, Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. 
 
 Here is naturally located the chief exhibit of 
 this department. 
 
 Laboratory. — In a section of a Chemical Labo- 
 ratory for quantitative, qualitative, electrolytic 
 
 43 
 
and assaying work all these processes are carried 
 on in the exhibit. 
 
 Concentrator. — A model of a zinc and lead con- 
 centrating mill which begins with the rough ore 
 and goes through all the processes is shown com- 
 plete and in operation. 
 
 A Magnetic Separator shows the actual pro- 
 cesses of separating iron pyrites from lead and 
 zinc ores. 
 
 A Diamond Screw and Rock Section Machine 
 
 prepares sections for petrographic work. 
 
 There is also an exhibit of Shop Work by the 
 Freshman class and a display of chemically pure 
 salts made by students. 
 
 Many of the specimens of Missouri minerals and 
 ores in the exhibit are from the School of Mines. 
 
 There is further an exhibit of road-making ma- 
 terials and model sections of roads showing their 
 use. 
 
 Photographs. — Besides several large framed pho- 
 tographs of the buildings and grounds of the 
 school there is shown in an album a large number 
 of other views. 
 
 Among pieces of apparatus from the School 
 special mention should be made of a Zeiss Micro- 
 scopic Electrical Projection apparatus and Optical 
 Bank and a Stromberg-Carlson Mine Telephone. 
 
 Missouri Exhibit in the Mining Gulch. 
 
 Here is in operation a pneumatic mine pump, in- 
 vented at the School of Mines. It is of interest to 
 know that this pump was adopted by the City of 
 New York to pump out the Croton aqueduct. 
 
 44 
 
Exhibit of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment 
 Station, Palace of Education. 
 
 Here are thirty transparencies showing scenes 
 in and about the School of Mines. 
 
 POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC LAW. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. Isidor Loeb. 
 
 County Organization in Missouri. — This depart 
 ment exhibits a series of fourteen maps illustrat- 
 ing the development of Missouri by indicating the 
 important periods in the growth of county organ- 
 ization in the State. The first five maps deal 
 with the period before the admission of Missouri 
 into the Union, during which time it was known 
 successively as the District and Territory of Lou- 
 isiana and the Territory of Missouri, and included 
 the territory embraced within the present State 
 of Arkansas. 
 
 The first map (1804) shows the five original 
 districts whose western boundaries were defined 
 in 1812. Washington and Arkansas counties were 
 organized in 1813 and Lawrence and Howard in 
 1815 and 1816 respectively. During 1818, the ef- 
 fects of the settlements along the valleys of the 
 Mississippi and Missouri were evidenced by the 
 creation of eight new counties in Missouri proper. 
 During 1820, under the State government which 
 was inaugurated before the State was formally ad- 
 mitted into the Union, the movement continued 
 and by January 1, 1821, the total number of organ- 
 ized counties was twenty-five. 
 45 
 
Only a few counties were organized during the 
 next decade, but with 1832, the most active period 
 of county building begins, and by March 1, 1841, 
 the number of organized counties amounted to 
 seventy-seven, which number was further in- 
 creased by March 31, 1845, to ninety-six, with one 
 unorganized district. Each succeeding General 
 Assembly, with one exception, organize, one or 
 more counties until by 1860 the total amounted to 
 113. In 1861, the unorganized district which had 
 been attached to Gentry county was organized as 
 Worth county. Finally, in 1876, the City of St. 
 Louis was given a separate organization, thus 
 completing the development with 114 counties and 
 one city possessing the functions of a county. 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 
 University Exhibit^ Palace of Education. 
 Prof. O. M. Stewart. 
 
 The exhibit of this Department consists in pho- 
 tographs and drawings mounted in wing frames 
 and in a volume of laboratory reports. 
 
 Of the wing frames the first contains floor plans 
 of such portions of the Engineering building as are 
 devoted to Physics. The second contains photo- 
 graphs illustrating special experiments and pieces 
 of apparatus. The third frame is devoted to dif- 
 fraction phenomena in light. It contains a number 
 of photographs showing the diffraction patterns 
 due to various objects and a drawing showing the 
 arrangement of apparatus by which the photo- 
 graphs \rere made. The fourth and last frame 
 
 46 
 
shows a number of pieces or groups of apparatus 
 for use in the laboratory, and photographs and a 
 drawing illustrating experiments in the interfer- 
 ference of light. The latter group consists in a 
 photograph of a Michelson interferometer, con- 
 structed by the University mechanician and 
 mounted on a Gaertner comparator. A drawing 
 showing the path of light in the instrument, and 
 photographs of the interference fringes formed 
 under various conditions. 
 
 In the bound volume of reports are some of ex- 
 periments performed by students in the element- 
 ary laboratory and some of experiments per- 
 formed by the more advanced class in electrical 
 measurements. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Professor C. W. Greene. 
 
 The exhibit is in two parts: 
 
 A. A portion of the apparatus used and a series 
 of records of experiments on the effect on the ani- 
 mal organism of certain anaesthetics and inor- 
 ganic salts. 
 
 B. A collection of pharmacological preparations 
 in bottles. 
 
 PHYSICAL TRAINING. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Professor C. W. Hetherington. 
 
 A bound volume contains a record complete, so 
 far as is possible, of every man who has played on 
 
 47 
 
the football teams, the baseball nines and track 
 teams of the University. 
 
 An album is shown containing views of the Uni- 
 versity quarters for Physical Training, gym- 
 nasium, tennis courts, athletic fields, golf links, 
 and of students. 
 
 A framed picture shows the front and side ele- 
 vations of the proposed gymnasium. 
 
 Department of Physical Culture, Physical Culture 
 Building. 
 
 Maps and plans are shown of the University 
 grounds, showing the location and character of 
 the Athletic fields and golf links. Framed pictures 
 show both the elevations and the floor plans of the 
 new gymnasium. An album of photographs illus- 
 trates the work in Physical training in the Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. Max Meyer. 
 
 Reed Organ. — This organ is intended merely for 
 use in the Psychological Laboratory, not for con- 
 cert use. Its tuning is entirely unique. By means 
 of different stops one may play either in tem- 
 pered or in just intonation. See directions printed 
 on the organ. The arrangement of the tones in 
 just intonation differ considerably from the ar- 
 rangement found in other organs tuned in just 
 intonation. For a fuller understanding of the 
 theoretical principles involved the reader is re- 
 ferred to the following literature: 
 48 
 
Contributions to a Psychological Theory of 
 Music. The University of Missouri Studies 1 (1), 
 1901. 
 
 Some Points of Difference Concerning the The- 
 ory of Music. Psychological Review 10, 1903. 
 
 Zur Theorie Japanischer Musik. Zeitschrift fur 
 Psychologie 33, 1903. 
 
 Experimental Studies in the Psychology of 
 Music. American Journal of Psychology 14 (Com- 
 memorative Number), 1903. 
 
 Some of the different lines of work for which 
 the organ is used may be mentioned briefly: 
 
 The organ is an excellent apparatus for intro- 
 ducing the student in an elementary laboratory 
 course into the natural laws of the subjective dif- 
 ference tones. One class of experimental work 
 of this sort., familiar to the students who study 
 Psychology in the Psychological Laboratory of 
 the University of Missouri, is the following: The 
 student is told what the vibration rate of one of 
 the tones is, e. g., the tone f. He then has to de- 
 termine the vibration rates of all the other tones 
 by means of no other aid but his own ear. He 
 sounds one of the fs together with any other tone 
 until he finds that the lowest difference tone aud- 
 ible is one of the given fs. He then finds by a 
 simple calculation the vibration frequency of a 
 new tone. In this way he proceeds until he has 
 determined all the tones. By means of this ap- 
 plication of the theory of difference tones to a 
 practical problem the student learns to pay atten- 
 tion to delicate auditory phenomena in general. 
 
 The organ may also be used in the investigation 
 of the theoretical principles on which, from a 
 psychological point of view, quartertone music 
 
 49 
 
must be regarded as being based. By "quarter- 
 tone music" is meant music which can not be 
 played on our common musical instruments be- 
 cause it requires tones lying between the tones of 
 our common scale of twelve notes. (The smallest 
 interval of our common scale is called semitone; 
 smaller intervals may therefore conveniently be 
 called quartertones.) The greater part of Japan- 
 ese music seems to be of this character. Such 
 music can be played on this organ in just intona- 
 tion and its aesthetic effects may thus be studied 
 in detail. 
 
 Hearing-Model (Psychological Laboratory.) — 
 This apparatus is to illustrate the process of 
 hearing. It consists of three parts: 1. A mov- 
 able curve, representing the alternately increas- 
 ing and decreasing pressure of the air which acts 
 upon the tympanum when we hear. 2. An analyz- 
 ing machine, representing the cochlea, which dis- 
 solves the just mentioned physical process — if 
 complex — into a number of simpler partial pro- 
 cesses by mechanical means in a manner similar 
 to the hydiodynamical function of the cochlea. 3. 
 A system of lamps, representing the brain, which 
 receive from the analyzer the resulting partial 
 processes as intermittent electrical currents of 
 different frequencies. 
 
 Follow these directions: Move the whole curve 
 — from one end to the other — through the appara- 
 tus by turning the small crank. Observe that 
 some of the lamps glow up a greater, while others 
 a smaller number of times, corresponding to the 
 different tones which we hear simultaneously in 
 such a case. The whole process may be repeated, 
 
 50 
 
of course, any number of times, as we hear chords 
 for longer or shorter times. 
 
 The curve in the apparatus represents the ob- 
 jective (physical) tones 8 and 5; the subjective 
 (heard) tones are then usually 8, 5, 3, 2, and 1. 
 The apparatus illustrates thus the two most im- 
 portant functions of our organ of hearing: 1. The 
 analysis of compound sound. 2. The production of 
 the subjective difference tones. 
 
 Do not leave the apparatus without moving the 
 curve entirely to either side! This position is in- 
 dicated by all the lamps ceasing to glow. 
 
 ROMANCE LANGUAGES. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. Raymond Weeks. 
 
 Phonetic Tracings. — Framed and hung on the 
 wall of the exhibit space is a selection of trac- 
 ings showing some of the work done in this de- 
 partment in the study of Philology by means of 
 permanent records of spoken language. 
 
 Talking Machine. — On the table is placed a Vic- 
 tor talking machine with a supply of plates for 
 graded lessons in Spanish and French, to indi- 
 cate the method used in the University to teach 
 the pronunciation of these languages. 
 
 Photographs. — In the album of University views 
 are photographs showing the Romance Depart- 
 ment library and students using the talking ma- 
 chine. 
 
 51 
 
SOCIOLOGY. 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 Professor C. A. Ellwood. 
 
 A. A series of five Demographical Maps of Mis- 
 souri: 
 
 1. Map illustrating the distribution of the for- 
 eign born population of Missouri by counties 
 (1900). 
 
 2. Map illustrating the distribution of the Ger- 
 man born element of Missouri by counties (1900). 
 
 3. Map illustrating the distribution of the negro 
 population of Missouri by counties (1900). 
 
 4. Map illustrating the distribution of the ex- 
 cess of males in the population of Missouri by 
 counties (1900). 
 
 5. Map illustrating the distribution of illiteracy 
 in Missouri by counties (1900). 
 
 B. A series of three maps illustrating alms- 
 house conditions in Missouri (from data collected 
 by the Department of Sociology, 1903). 
 
 1. Map showing the number of counties caring 
 for their paupers by the lease system, and the 
 number of counties paying their almshouse offi- 
 cials fixed salaries. 
 
 2. Maps showing the counties having insane 
 persons in their almshouses. 
 
 3. Map showing the cost of county almshouses 
 in Missouri. 
 
 C. Sociological Map of Columbia, Missouri, 
 showing (1) distribution of population by color; 
 (2) by amount of taxable property; (3) location 
 of various social, economic, political, educational, 
 and religious institutions of the city. 
 
 52 
 
D. A Study of the Negroes of Columbia, Mis- 
 souri (Master's Dissertation), by William Wilson 
 Elwang. Principal topics treated, economic con- 
 ditions, occupations and wages, fraternal socie- 
 ties, housing conditions, health and morals, edu- 
 cation, religious life, crime, and political condi- 
 tion of the negro population of Columbia, Missouri. 
 
 E. A Bulletin on the Condition of the Alms- 
 houses of Missouri by Charles A. Ellwood. 
 
 F. A Bulletin on the Condition of the County 
 Jails of Missouri by Charles A. Ellwood. 
 
 G. Other Publications of Members of the De- 
 partment. 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS. 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 The Law Department is represented by a nearly 
 complete set of the publications of those who 
 have been connected with this department as 
 teachers or students. A partial list of the publi- 
 cations of the members of the present Faculty is 
 in the same care. A fairly complete list of the 
 official publications of the University, including 
 a complete file of the University catalogue is also 
 shown. 
 
 VETERINARY SCIENCE. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. J. W. Connaway. 
 
 There are shown. 
 
 1. Diseases of cattle and the method of cure, 
 particularly the cure of milk fever by pumping 
 sterilized air into the udder. 
 53 
 
2. The cause and cure of Texas Fever. Models 
 of cattle show the native Texas steer^ blooded 
 cattle sickening and dying of this disease before 
 discovery of the means of cure, and blooded cattle 
 which, after inoculation by Dr. Connaway's method 
 may now be safely sent to Texas. 
 
 3. Diseases of horses and their cure. 
 
 4. Diseases of swine and their cure. 
 
 5. An album of photographs illustrative of the 
 work at the University in Veterinary Science. 
 
 ZOOLOGY. 
 
 University Exhibit, Palace of Education. 
 
 Prof. George Lefevre. 
 
 The exhibit of the Zoological Laboratory is, in 
 the main, of educational interest, and illustrates 
 to a certain degree, the character and extent of 
 the work of instruction carried on in the depart- 
 ment. 
 
 The exhibit may be classified under three heads: 
 
 1. General Exhibit. — This is contained in a case 
 which forms a part of the general exhibit of the 
 University displayed in the Educational Building. 
 
 1. An unusually beautiful collection of marine 
 invertebrates from the Atlantic coast is here 
 shown, representing all the groups of inverte- 
 brates from the Sponges and Coelenterata, includ- 
 ing such interesting forms as sea-anemones, hy- 
 droids and corals, to the Tunicata which stand on 
 the border-line between the Invertebrates and Ver- 
 tebrates. Many of these organisms represent ma- 
 terial used in courses of instruction concerned 
 with the study of Comparative Invertebrate Zo- 
 
ology. Particular attention is directed to the dis- 
 sected specimens showing anatomical structure; 
 for example, the dissection of the nervous sys- 
 tem of the common Blue-crab. Most of these dis- 
 sections have been made by students of the Labo- 
 ratory. 
 
 2. The exhibit of Vertebrates is chiefly of an 
 anatomical and embryological nature, and many 
 dissections and preparations are displayed which 
 are of interest from the point of view of Compara- 
 tive Anatomy and Embryology. The material is 
 largely taken from courses of instruction in these 
 subjects. 
 
 3. A sample equipment is shown of microscope, 
 microscopical supplies, and small instruments fur- 
 nished the individual student in courses of in- 
 struction given in the Laboratory. 
 
 4. A new method of embedding small objects 
 in paraffine by the use of a special form of watch- 
 glass is demonstrated. 
 
 5. In the same case are contained certain col- 
 lections from the Missouri fauna; namely, Rep- 
 tiles, Batrachians, Crayfish, and Fresh-water Mus- 
 sels, but these will be referred to under Exhibit C. 
 
 6. Publications embodying the results of origi- 
 nal work carried on in the Zoological Laboratory. 
 
 II. Drawings and Photographs. — A collection 
 of drawings and photographs is to be found with 
 the general exhibit. 
 
 1. The photographs show the main working 
 rooms of the Laboratory, as well as certain im- 
 portant pieces of apparatus belonging to the equip- 
 ment of the Department of Zoology; for example, 
 the microscopic projection apparatus and one of 
 the cases of embryological models. 
 55 
 
A series of photographs taken in the Zoological 
 Museum is also presented. 
 
 2. The collection of students' drawings is the 
 most important phase of the entire exhibit from 
 an educational point of view. A series of typical 
 drawings made by students is shown for each 
 course of instruction given in the department that 
 involves practical laboratory work. These draw- 
 ings not only illustrate the character of work done 
 by students, but also indicate the extent of the 
 field covered in the several Zoological courses. 
 
 Missouri Fish and Game Exhibit, Palace of For- 
 estry, Fish, and Game. 
 
 III. Collection from the Missouri Fauna. — This 
 exhibit comprises collections of Missouri Mam- 
 mals, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, Batrachians, and In- 
 vertebrates. The last three groups are displayed 
 with the general exhibit, as already stated. 
 
 The Mammals, Birds, and Fishes are exhibited 
 separately under the Department of Fish and 
 Game of the Missouri Commission, and are to be 
 found in the Building for Fish, Game, and For- 
 estry. Only such forms as are of interest to the 
 sportsman as game animals or enemies of game 
 are contained in these collections. Attention is 
 especially directed to the Ducks, Hawks, and 
 Owls. 
 
 COLUMBIA Herald Tuint. 
 
3 0112 105734765