Kentucky Geological Survey, 
 
 CHARLES J. NORWOOD, Director. 
 
 BULLETIN NO. I. 
 
 THE 
 
 Oil and Gas Sands of Kentucky. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. B. HOEING. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SURVEY: LEXINGTON, KY. 
 
 1903 . 
 
 Printed by the Geo. G. Fetter Company, 
 Louisville. 
 
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https://archive.org/details/oilgassandsofken1190hoei 
 
View of Oil Field on Richland Creek, Knox County. 
 
» 
 
 AZ2- 
 
 CHARLES J. NORWOOD, Director. 
 
 BULLETIN NO. I. 
 
 PRELIMINARY PART. 
 
 THE 
 
 BY 
 
 J. B. HOEING, C. E. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SURVEY: LEXINGTON. 
 
 1904 . 
 
 Printed by the Geo. G. Fetter Company, Louisville 
 1905 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 <c 
 
 vr- 
 
 *> 
 
 H- 
 
 / 
 
 ' 
 
 c/> 
 
 Letter of Transmittal 
 
 Introductory Letter 
 
 Chapter I. Preliminary discussion 
 
 Ohio Series and Principal Sands, 9; West Virginia Series 
 and Principal Sands, 10; Pennsylvania Series and Principal 
 Sands, 11; Kentucky Series and Principal Sands, 12; Kentucky 
 Gas and Oil Sands, 13. 
 
 Chapter II. General Geology of Oil and Gas 
 
 Geological conditions necessary for the accumulation of oil 
 and gas, 17; Reservoir, 17; Cover, 18; Structure, 19; Salt 
 Water, 22; Strike Lines, 22; Rock Pressure, 23; Oil Pools and 
 Limit of Supply, 24. 
 
 Chapter III. Principal Divisions of the Geological Scale in Ken- 
 tucky and the Oil Sands corresponding to each 
 
 Conglomerate Measures, 25; Chester (Mauch Chunk) Group, 
 27; St. Louis Limestone Group, 28; Waverly Group, 31; De- 
 vonian Black Shale, 33; Devonian (Corniferous) Limestone, 
 34; Niagara, 37; Clinton Group, 38; Hudson Group. 39; Trenton 
 Group (Trenton, Birdseye, Chazy, Knox Dolomite), 40; Cal- 
 ciferous, 44. 
 
 Chapter IV. The Oil Sands Corresponding to the Different Forma- 
 tions 
 
 The Conglomerate Series, Beaver, Horton, Pike and Salt 
 Sands; Wages, Jones and Epperson Sands, 46; The Waverly 
 Group, 47; The Big Injun Group, 47; Cloverport Gas Sand, 48; 
 Berea Grit, 48; Devonian, 50; Black Shale, 50; Ragland Sand, 
 51; Bath County Field, 51; Estill County Field, 53; Clinton, 
 55; Hudson Group, 55; Caney Sand, 55; Wayne County Sands, 
 56; Trenton, 58; Cumberland River Sands, 58; Calciferous, 58; 
 White Oak Gas Sand, 58. 
 
 Chapter V. Well Records 
 
 Bath County, 59; Rowan County, 62; Menefee County, 62; 
 Montgomery County, 65; Clark County, 66; Powell County, 
 66; Estill County, 69; Breathitt County, 71; Wolfe County, 
 71; Magoffin County, 72; Morgan County, 73; Carter County, 
 74; Cincinnati, 74; Portsmouth, 75; Ironton, 75; Boyd County, 
 76; Lawrence County, 77; Johnson County, 79; Martin County, 
 80; Floyd County, 84; Pike County, 94; Knott County, 97; 
 Knox County, 102; Rockcastle County, 106; Pulaski County, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 7 to 15 
 
 16 to 24 
 
 25 to 44 
 
 45 to 58 
 
 59 to 142 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 106; Whitley County, 107; Wayne County, 110; Clinton 
 County, 114; Cumberland County, 114; Russell County, 124; 
 
 Barren County, 126; Warren County, 131; Logan County, 134; 
 
 Hart County, 134; Breckenridge County, 136; Tell City, 138; 
 
 Caldwell County, 139; Carroll County, 139; Oldham County, 
 
 140; Harrison County, 140; Webster County, 140; Central 
 City, 142. 
 
 Chapter VI. Additional Well Records 143 to 203 
 
 Bath County, 143; Menefee County, 151; Powell County, 156; 
 
 Estill County, 158; Morgan County, 159; Carter County, 159; 
 
 Floyd County, 161; Pike County, 180; Knox County, 182; 
 
 Whitley County, 202. 
 
 Chapter VII. Production of Oil and Gas 204 
 
 Production of Oil, 204; Production of Gas, 205. 
 
 Chapter VIII. Transportation of Oil and Gas 206 
 
 Transportation of Oil, 206; Transportation of Gas, 207. 
 
 Chapter IX. Maps 208 
 
 Appendix. Elevations Above Sea of Points in Kentucky 209 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 No. 1. Map of Kentucky showing Producing Oil and Gas Fields, Pipe 
 Lines and Outlines of Eastern and Western Coal Fields. 
 
 No. 2. Map of Kentucky showing outcrops of and areas underlaid by 
 the Berea Grit and the Big Injun Sands and. the area where the 
 Trenton Rocks are at the surface. 
 
 No. 3. Map of Kentucky showing outcrop and extent of the Corniferous 
 Limestone. 
 
 PLATES. 
 
 No. 
 
 1. 
 
 Oil Field on Big Richland Creek, Knox County. . 
 
 
 Frontispiece 
 
 No. 
 
 2. 
 
 Arch of Rough Creek Anticline, Grayson County. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 3. 
 
 Devonian Shale, Corniferous Limestone and Niagara 
 Shale 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 34 
 
 No. 
 
 4. 
 
 Clinton, near Indian Fields, Clark County 
 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 38 
 
 No. 
 
 5. 
 
 Big Injun Sand in Rockcastle County 
 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 46 
 
 No. 
 
 6. 
 
 Principal Ledge in Big Injun, Rockcastle County. 
 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 48 
 
 No. 
 
 7. 
 
 Berea in Quarry near Farmer’s, Rowan County. . 
 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 50 
 
 No. 
 
 8. 
 
 Standard Rig. Well at Campton, Wolfe County. . 
 
 
 “ 
 
 GG 
 
 70 
 
 No. 
 
 9. 
 
 Transporting Oil in Barges down the Cumberland 
 River 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 206 
 
 No. 
 
 10. 
 
 Train of Tank Cars loaded with Ragland Oil at 
 Lick, Bath County 
 
 Salt 
 
 GG 
 
 GG 
 
 207 
 
Letter of Transmittal. 
 
 To His Excellency , J. C. W. Beckham, 
 
 Governor of Kentucky . 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a preliminary re- 
 port on the Oil and Gas Sands of Kentucky, by Mr. J. B. 
 Hoeing, assistant geologist. 
 
 As indicated in the title, the report is a preliminary part 
 of Bulletin No. 1, the Act governing the Survey providing that 
 “in cases of urgency the Director may issue preliminary parts 
 of a bulletin, covering the special work so far as it has pro- 
 gressed, in advance of the completion of the entire bulletin.” 
 The insistent calls for authentic information concerning our 
 stores of petroleum and gas, and the pressing need of a more 
 intelligent system upon which to base development, which is 
 so keenly felt by those who are engaged in prospecting the 
 State, certainly present a case of “urgency,” and I therefore 
 respectfully ask that the report be published as expeditiously 
 as possible. 
 
 It will be observed that in this. report Mr. Hoeing has pro- 
 visionally retained the nomenclature of the late William M. 
 Linney, a former assistant geologist on the Kentucky Survey, 
 for certain geologic formations, such as Hudson, Waverly, etc., 
 which must now be discarded. The “Hudson” of Linney, for 
 example, must be replaced by “Cincinnatian,” with certain of 
 its various subdivisions. The names used by Linney have been 
 provisionally retained here not only because those terms are 
 somewhat familiar to oil well drillers in the State, but because 
 the Survey is not yet ready to present the revised nomenclature 
 upon which work is now in progress. In the final bulletin the 
 revised nomenclature will be used, correlated with the Linney 
 names. 
 
4 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Comparatively little concerning the oil possibilities of that 
 part of the State west of the Louisville and Nashville division 
 of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad is given in this report. 
 This is due to the fact that comparatively little has been done 
 in the way of prospecting that part of the State, and I have 
 deemed it highly important that publication of results obtained 
 in the study of those regions which are now of especial interest 
 to investors shall not be delayed until the study of the western 
 districts can be completed. Work in the western districts has 
 been taken up, and it is believed that the Survey will be able 
 to render valuable service in directing prospecting there. 
 Hitherto, prospectors for oil in the western counties have, as 
 a rule, been content to stop at the Devonian Black Shale; but, 
 as appears in this report, that formation is of less importance 
 as an oil horizon than any other one we have. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Charles J. Norwood, 
 
 State Geologist. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., October 1, 1904. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 6 
 
 INTRODUCTORY LETTER. 
 
 Professor Charles J. Norwood, 
 
 Director, Kentucky Geological Survey. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a preliminary 
 report on the Oil and Gas Sands of Kentucky. 
 
 Acknowledgments are due the many operators and drillers 
 in the State, who have kindly placed the records of their work 
 at the disposal of the Survey, thereby rendering this report 
 much more complete than otherwise would have been possible. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 J. B. Hoeing, 
 
 Assistant Geologist. 
 
 Lexington, Kv., October, 1904. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 7 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION. 
 
 Work in the oil and gas fields of Kentucky within the last 
 three years has been progressing at a rapid rate, a large amount 
 of capital has been invested, and the question of the future 
 development of these and the, as yet, untested fields of the 
 State, is one of large and increasing interest; and, when the 
 vastly increased demand for these products and the fact that the 
 older fields in some of the other States are rapidly failing in 
 their supply are considered, is one of great importance to the 
 State. Unfortunately for all concerned, the work of the State 
 Geological Survey was discontinued some years ago by the fail- 
 ure of the Legislature to appropriate the necessary funds, and 
 since that time nothing has been done by the State to help de- 
 velop her mineral resources. The result has been, in the oil 
 and gas developments particularly, that a great deal of val- 
 uable information has been lost, that most of the work done 
 has been almost entirely on the “wildcat” plan, and that large 
 amounts of money have been wasted in drilling wells where 
 there was no possible chance for oil or gas; in drilling below 
 all probable chances; and in drilling wells and stopping short 
 of one or more known oil sands. It is a safe assertion that, 
 with the work of the S^ate Survey going on and with the proper 
 geological advice, the greater part of this money could have 
 been saved and directed into channels where the chances, at 
 least, for profitable returns would have been much greater. 
 It is only necessary to cite the result of such geological work 
 in the neighboring State of Ohio, for instance, as a proof of 
 this assertion. 
 
 In issuing this preliminary bulletin it is recognized that 
 much remains to be learned about the oil and gas rocks of Ken- 
 tucky, and that, as data are collected of work already done 
 and future work is carried on, much that is now in doubt will 
 
8 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 be cleared up and much more information made available in 
 regard to tbe known oil horizons, and new fields, and possibly 
 new sands, developed. In view, however, of the facts above 
 stated, it is deemed advisable, without attempting to go into 
 the detailed description of the geology of particular fields, to 
 give all possible information in regard to the oil sands already 
 known, with their positions in the geological section, and, as 
 fully as possible, the limits within which they occur and the 
 approximate depths at which they may be found in any par- 
 ticular section. 
 
 There has been, and is still, great confusion in the minds of 
 many drillers and operators in regard to. the positions in the 
 geological section of our Kentucky oil sands. In the effort 
 to trace and correlate the familiar Ohio, West Virginia and 
 Pennsylvania sands with those found in this State a great deal 
 of unnecessary work has been done, and often territory con- 
 demned because it proved entirely different from the known 
 fields in other States. Not being acquainted with our geologi- 
 cal section, the driller from Pennsylvania, familiar with the 
 oil sands there and the formations between them, and expecting 
 to find the same sands here, gets “lost” and discouraged. The 
 “Gordon,” “Gantz,” “50-foot,” etc., of the older fields are con- 
 fidently identified in some sand which really has no relation 
 whatever to them, and the resulting confusion leaves the whole 
 field in doubt. The writer has frequently heard operators and 
 drillers from other States, after identifying some Kentucky 
 formation, to their own entire satisfaction, as a “Bradford,” 
 “Venango,” or some other sand with which they happen to be fa- 
 miliar elsewhere, condemn the whole field as “broken” and 
 unreliable because the rest of the section proved entirely differ- 
 ent from what it should have been had their identification been 
 correct. 
 
 In order to demonstrate as plainly as possible the connec- 
 tion between the Kentucky fields and those of Ohio, West Vir- 
 ginia, and Pennsylvania, I have prepared the following geo- 
 logical sections for those States, together with the correspond- 
 ing oil sands for each. For data in regard to the other States 
 I am indebted to reports by Professor Orton and Professor 
 Bownocker, of the Ohio Survey, and Professor White, of the 
 West Virginia Survey. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 9 
 
 Ohio Series and Principal Sands. 
 
 System 
 
 Series 
 
 Sands 
 
 Carboniferous. 
 
 Coal Measures. 
 
 Goose Run. 
 Mitchell. 
 
 First Cow Run. 
 Macksburg, 500 foot. 
 Second Cow Run. 
 
 
 Pottsville Conglomerate. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 Maxton. 
 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 
 Maxville Limestone. 
 Mountain Limestone. 
 
 None. 
 
 Sub- 
 
 Carboniferous. 
 
 >» 
 
 Logan Group. 
 
 Keener. 
 Big Injun. 
 Squaw. 
 
 
 > 
 
 vs 
 
 > 
 
 Cuyahoga. 
 
 None. 
 
 
 
 Berea. 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 None. 
 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Ohio Black Shale. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Devonian Limestones. 
 
 ( Corniferous, Upper Helderburg.) 
 
 None. 
 
 
 Lower Helderburg. 
 
 Lower Helderburg. 
 
 Upper 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 None. 
 
 Silurian. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 
 Medina. 
 
 None. 
 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 None. 
 
 Lower Silurian. 
 (Ordovician) 
 
 Utica. 
 
 None. 
 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
10 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 West Virginia Series and Principal Sands. 
 
 System 
 
 No. 
 
 Series 
 
 Sands 
 
 
 XV 
 
 f Monongahela River. 
 
 1 Upper Productive C. M. 
 
 Carroll— Uniontown. 
 
 TO 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 XIV 
 
 f Elk River. 
 i Lower Barren C. M. 
 
 Morgantown— Little Dunkard. 
 Mahoning — Dunkard — Cow Run. 
 
 i 
 
 •fi 
 
 XIII 
 
 f Allegheny River 
 a Lower Productive C. M. 
 (. Great Kanawha Series. 
 
 Second Cow Run. 
 Freeport Gas Sand. 
 
 
 XII 
 
 f Pottsville Conglomerate. 
 A New River Series 
 (_ Pocahontas Coal Series. 
 
 Gas Sand. 
 
 Salt Sands. 
 
 Maxton (Cairo?) Sand. 
 
 
 
 1 Mauch Chunk. 
 
 
 w 
 
 1 
 
 XI 
 
 fMountain Lime. 
 2A Greenbrier Lime. 
 (.Big Lime. 
 
 None. 
 
 ‘5 
 
 o 
 
 -g 
 
 
 
 Keener. 
 
 «s 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 .a 
 
 3 
 
 CQ 
 
 X 
 
 Pocono. 
 
 Squaw. 
 
 
 
 
 Smith’s Ferry. 
 
 
 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 
 
 
 First— Gan tz — 100 Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 50 Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 Second— 30 Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 Stray. 
 
 C 
 
 3 
 
 IX 
 
 Catskill. 
 
 Gordon Stray — Campbells Run. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Third— Whetstone Run Gordon. 
 
 0 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 Fourth— Flat Run Gordon. 
 
 
 
 
 Fifth — McDonald. 
 
 
 
 
 S i xth— Bayard— El izabeth. 
 
 
 VIII 
 
 Chemung and Hamilton. 
 
 Practically None. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 11 
 
 Pennsylvania Series and Principal Sands. 
 
 System 
 
 No. 
 
 Series 
 
 Sands 
 
 
 
 ( Monongahela River. 
 
 
 
 
 XV 
 
 ■s Upper Productive C. M. 
 1. (Pittsburg’ Coal at Base) 
 
 
 None. 
 
 
 XIV 
 
 f Elk River Series. 
 
 
 “Hurry Up” Sand. 
 
 W 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 ( Lower Barren C. M. 
 
 
 Mahoning — Dunkard. 
 
 J3 
 
 «H 
 
 
 ( Allegheny River Series. 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 XIII 
 
 i 
 
 Lower Freeport — 2d Cow Run. 
 
 1 
 
 
 ( Lower Productive C. M. 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tionesta or Johnson Run. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Upper Salt Sand. 
 
 
 XII 
 
 Pottsville Conglomerate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Middle Salt Sand. 
 
 
 
 
 Lower ( Maxon ? ) Salt Sand. 
 
 
 
 1 Mauch Chunk. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 XI 
 
 (Mountain Lime. 
 
 
 None. 
 
 s 
 
 
 2 s Greenbrier Lime. 
 
 
 
 «H 
 
 'a 
 
 
 (Big Lime of Drillers. 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
 
 cS 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 
 Keener. 
 
 £ 
 
 3 
 
 X 
 
 Pocono. 
 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 Squaw. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Upper Gas Sand. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Butler Co. Gas Sand. 
 
 
 
 
 
 First — Gantz — 100 Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 § 
 
 Second — 30 Foot. 
 
 
 
 
 S-l 
 
 O 
 
 Boulder. 
 
 c 
 
 IX 
 
 Catskill. 
 
 o 
 
 
 'E 
 
 
 
 bo 
 
 G 
 
 Third — Gordon. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 PI 
 
 OJ 
 
 Stray Third. 
 
 Q 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 Fourth. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fifth. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bayard. 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 Sixth — Elizabeth . 
 
 
 VIII 
 
 Chemung. 
 
 Warren and Bradford Groups. 
 
12 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Kentucky Series and Corresponding Oil Sands. 
 
 System 
 
 Series 
 
 Sands 
 
 Remarks 
 
 o5 
 
 Coal Measures. 
 
 None known as yet. 
 
 
 © 
 
 '5 
 
 o 
 
 ,a 
 
 u 
 e 3 
 
 U 
 
 Conglomerate Measures, 
 Shales. Coals and 
 Massive Sandstones. 
 
 Beaver Of Wages ( Of 
 
 Horton l Floyd, Jones J Knox 
 
 Pike | Pike Epperson 1 Co. 
 
 Salt J etc. 1 
 
 Corresponds in part to 
 Pottsville Conglomer- 
 ate of Ohio, West Vir- 
 ginia and Pennsylvania. 
 
 c 
 
 (4 
 
 Chester Group. 
 Shales, Limestones and 
 Sandstones. 
 
 None known as yet. 
 
 Corresponds to Mauch 
 Chunk Shales of West 
 Virginia and Pennsyl- 
 
 P. 
 
 
 
 
 
 vania. 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 None known except where 
 
 Corresponds to Mountain 
 
 02 
 
 Mostly Limestones. 
 
 broken by an intervening sand 
 
 Lime, Big Lime and 
 
 § 
 
 in Pike and Martin Counties. 
 
 Greenbriar Lime. 
 
 oa 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 Big Injun Group. 
 
 
 2 
 
 © 
 
 Waverly Group. 
 (Includes Keokuk of 
 
 Cloverport Gas Sand. 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 Stray "1 
 
 Mt. Pisgah 
 
 f St™' Of Wayne Co. 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 Western Ky.) 
 
 Corresponds to Place of 
 
 1 
 
 Sandstones and Shales in 
 
 Pocono Slates of West 
 
 « 
 
 Eastern Kentucky: 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 u 
 
 
 Calcareous in 
 
 | Cooper 
 L Slickford J 
 
 
 >Q 
 
 3 
 
 Western Kentucky. 
 
 
 CQ 
 
 
 
 
 Amber Oil Sand of Barren Co. 
 
 
 G 
 
 .3 
 
 Black Shale. 
 
 Meade County Gas Sand. 
 
 
 O 
 
 > 
 
 © 
 
 Comiferous Group. 
 
 Ragland Oil Sand. Irvine Oil 
 
 
 Q 
 
 
 Limestones. 
 
 Sand. Menefee Gas Sand. 
 
 
 
 
 Niagara Group. 
 
 Boyd’s Creek Sand of Barren 
 
 
 P 
 
 .3 
 
 Limestones and Shales. 
 
 County. 
 
 
 ‘C 
 
 p 
 
 
 Clinton Group. 
 
 Clinton of Morgan 
 
 Top of Great Limestone 
 
 CO 
 
 Limestones and Shales. 
 
 County. 
 
 Series. 
 
 
 
 Hudson Group. 
 
 Caney Sand. 
 
 
 
 Mostly Limestones and 
 
 Upper Sunnybrook Sand. 
 
 
 
 Blue Shales. Some Sand- 
 
 Barren County, Deep Sand. _ 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 stone. 
 
 Cumberland Co., Shallow Sand. 
 
 
 t 
 
 0 
 
 W 
 
 © 
 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Limestones. 
 
 Lower Sunnybrook Sand. 
 
 Blue Grass Limestone. 
 
 Q, 
 
 Black 1 
 
 
 6 £ 
 
 
 £ 
 
 P 
 
 River. 
 
 
 . . . ^ 'O 
 
 X _• o r O c 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ,x _Q o c c« 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 Birdseye. 
 
 0 U rtf (5 M 
 
 c ® 5 5 "t u 
 
 Kentucky River. 
 
 c 
 
 | 
 
 Stones I 
 
 Magnesian. 
 
 © c B ® © 
 
 Birdseye and Magnesian, 
 
 .2 
 
 *5 
 
 P 
 
 2 
 
 River, j 
 
 Chazy. 
 
 03 ^ 33 2 0 
 
 « > O = J 
 
 Kentucky River. 
 
 i 
 
 Eh 
 
 
 (Not all above drainage.) 
 
 *S 
 
 o 
 
 
 Knox Dolomite. 
 
 Deep Sand of Wayne County. 
 
 In Southern Kentucky. 
 (Not above drainage.) 
 
 
 Calciferous. 
 
 Salt Water Sand at Top. 
 
 White sandy limestones. 
 
 
 Gas Sand in Estill County. 
 
 (Not above drainage.) 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 13 
 
 Kentucky Gas and Oil Sands 
 
 Beaver. 
 
 Horton. 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 Wag'es. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Epperson. 
 
 Big - Injun. Cloverport gas-sand. 
 
 Berea Grit. Barren Co. amber oil sand. 
 
 Stray. 
 
 Mt. Pisgah. 
 
 Beaver, Otter, Cooper, Slickford. 
 
 Black Shale, in Meade County. 
 
 Ragland, in Bath, Estill, and Menefee Counties. 
 
 Boyd’s Creek, in Barren County. 
 
 Clinton, in Morgan County. 
 
 Caney (upper part of Hudson), in Morgan, Etc. 
 
 Upper Sunnybrook (lower part of Hudson), in Wayne, Barren, Etc. 
 
 mton i Bower Sunnybrook, in Wayne, Etc. 
 
 | Barren, Cumberland, Clinton and Russell County lower sands. 
 
 Deep sand, in Wayne County, at the top of the Calciferous. 
 
 In the Pennsylvania field the section starts at No. VIII — 
 the Devonian, and goes up through No. XV — the Upper Pro- 
 ductive Cx)al Measures, at the base of which is the well-known 
 Pittsburg coal. The principal oil sands, in ascending order, 
 from the Warren and Bradford are: 
 
 Deep gas-sand (Calciferous), in Estill County. 
 
 Mahoning-Dunkard. 
 
 Salt sands. 
 
 " Gantz — First — 100 foot (Berea?). 
 
 50 foot. 
 30 foot. 
 
 Venango Group Gordon. 
 
 Fourth. 
 
 Fifth — McDonald. 
 _ Sixth — Elizabeth. 
 
 Warren and Bradford Groups. 
 
14 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Coming southwest into West Virginia, the Warren and Brad- 
 ford Groups are not found productive, but other and higher 
 sands come in. The list, as seen from the section, is: 
 
 Uniontown. 
 
 Morgantown — Little Dunkard. 
 
 C Mahoning, 
 
 J Dunkard, 
 
 [_ Cow Run. 
 
 ( Second Cow Run, 
 
 “Jl Freeport gas-sand. 
 Gas-sand. 
 
 Salt sands. 
 
 Maxton (Cairo?). 
 
 Keener. 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 Squaw. 
 
 Smith’s Ferry. 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 First — Gantz — 1 0 0 -foot. 
 50-foot. 
 
 Second — 30-foot. 
 
 Stray. 
 
 Gordon Stray — Campbell’s Run. 
 Third — Gordon — Flat Run. 
 Fourth. 
 
 Fifth — McDonald. 
 
 Sixth — Elizabeth — Bayard. 
 
 The Ohio series contain both higher and lower sands, but the 
 Venango group disappears entirely. The list is: 
 
 Goose Run. 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 First Cow Run. 
 Macksburg, 500-foot. 
 Second Cow Run. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 Maxton. 
 
 C Keener. 
 
 Big Injun Group J Big Injun. 
 
 Squaw. 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 Ohio STiale. 
 
 Lower Helderburg. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 15 
 
 In the West Virginia field, the deepest sand reached (with the 
 exception of a small area in the northwestern part of the State, 
 where the Corniferous Limestone was reached), was the Sixth 
 or Elizabeth sand. All the Kentucky rocks in the section below 
 the Devonian are there too deep for the drill. 
 
 In the Ohio field the thinning out of the measures and the 
 rapid rise in the rocks to the west, enables' the drill to pene- 
 trate to the Trenton and below, in parts of the State 1 , while 
 higher rocks, i. e., those of the Coal Measures, come in in the 
 eastern part. 
 
 Coming now to the Kentucky field, the Warren and Bradford 
 sands have disappeared before reaching West Virginia; the 
 Venango group of sands reaches over into West Virginia, but 
 disappears before reaching Ohio or Kentucky; the Berea Grit, 
 the Big Injun group and the sands of the Conglomerate series 
 extend from West Virginia into both Ohio and Kentucky. 
 Finally, comparing the Ohio and Kentucky fields, it will be seen 
 that nearly all the Ohio sands are found in Kentucky as well, 
 up to the base of the Coal Measures. No sands have been located 
 as yet in Kentucky above the Conglomerate Measures, but, on 
 the other hand, several producing sands have been found in 
 the formations between the Trenton and the Devonian Black 
 Shale in Kentucky, which do not appear as producers in Ohio. 
 
 Of the long list of producing sands, from the Warren and 
 Bradford, at the base of the Pennsylvania list, up, all below the 
 Berea Grit have disappeared before reaching Kentucky, the 
 Berea Grit, the Big Injun group and the sands of the Conglom- 
 erate Measures being all that are left that are common to all 
 four States. Of the remainder of the Kentucky sands, some, 
 as mentioned above, are in lower rocks and found in Ohio as 
 well, and some seem to be found in Kentucky alone. These will 
 all be discussed in detail farther on. 
 
16 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 General Geology of Oil and Gas. 
 
 The question of the source or origin of the vast supplies of 
 oil and gas found in the rocks composing the earth’s crust is 
 a very interesting one, but one that can not be answered posi- 
 tively as yet. It can be taken for granted that, they have a 
 common origin, more or less gas being found in connection 
 with all oil fields, and the chemical composition of the gas from 
 any one field agreeing with that of the oil from the same field ; 
 the reverse of this, however, is not true, large gas fields exist- 
 ing which have no connection with oil, the gas being followed 
 directly by salt water, but it is safe to assume in these cases 
 that the process of distillation has simply been carried that 
 much farther. 
 
 Numerous more or less ingenious theories have been advanced 
 to account for the origin of oil and gas, and most of them are, 
 apparently, based on reasoning sound enough as far as it goes, 
 but, unfortunately, none of them elastic enough to cover all the 
 facts and conditions demonstrated in the different fields and 
 formations by the actual test of the drill. 
 
 Two principal theories have heretofore been advanced — the 
 organic and inorganic — the first accounting for the oil and gas 
 as products of organic matter, either animal or plant or both, 
 and the second ascribing them to chemical reactions on inor- 
 ganic substances, aided by the action of heat. To these has 
 more lately been added a third theory, which, while still ascrib- 
 ing the origin of oil and gas to organic matter, brings in as 
 the agent which brought about the change, the action on that 
 organic matter of bacteria acting in the absence of air, and 
 citing as proof the production of hydrocarbons by the action 
 of bacteria' under water on vegetable matter in marshes, as 
 going on at the present day. 
 
 These theories have been discussed in great detail by the 
 late Dr. Orton in a preliminary report, issued by the Kentucky 
 Geological Survey, on petroleum and natural gas in Western 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 17 
 
 Kentucky,* and in liis reports on the geology of Ohio; and, 
 more recently, by Professor Bownocker in a bulletin on oil and 
 gas in Ohio. Reference is made to those reports for a more 
 extended discussion of the different theories. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE ACCUMULATION 
 OF OIL AND GAS IN THE ROCKS. 
 
 It can easily be demonstrated that the amount of petroleum 
 present in the different formations comprising the geological 
 scale in Kentucky is enormously large. Wells can hardly be 
 drilled anywhere without obtaining shows of oil or gas or both. 
 Rocks hundreds of feet in thickness and covering large areas 
 carry, disseminated through their masses, perceptible percent- 
 ages of these substances — amounts which in the aggregate are 
 beyond computation, but which, owing to the fact that they 
 are so disseminated, are of no practical value. Under these 
 circumstances, the question as to the conditions necessary for 
 the concentration of these substances in quantities sufficient 
 to make them available, and the further question as to how 
 to recognize these conditions in advance of the drill become 
 of utmost importance. 
 
 Three conditions are generally insisted upon by geologists 
 as necessary before these accumulations of oil and gas can oc- 
 cur, and to these can be added a fourth, as important as any, — 
 possibly more important than any. 
 
 1. A porous rock or reservoir to contain the oil and gas. 
 This, while of importance, is only relatively sa It does not 
 need demonstration to prove that a coarse sandstone or a peb- 
 ble-rock will carry more oil per cubic foot than a close, fine- 
 grained limestone can carry, but the fact remains that almost 
 any kind of a rock, if not too dense and close-grained, can act 
 as a reservoir, and will, other conditions being favorable, pro- 
 duce amounts of oil or gas surprisingly large. The name “oil- 
 sand,” applied to an oil-bearing rock, does not necessarily mean 
 that it is a sandstone. The name was first applied to the oil- 
 producing rocks of the old Pennsylvania fields, which were 
 sandstones, but by common usage it is now applied to any rock 
 
 *This report is now out of print. Such parts as are now applicable will be 
 republished in another edition of this Oil and Gas bulletin. — C. J. N. 
 
18 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 which carries oil, and may be a sandstone, a dolomitic or mag- 
 nesian limestone, or a calcareous limestone. Some of the lime- 
 stones, while apparently very close-grained, produce enormous 
 quantities of oil and gas. The question of porosity, however, 
 still remains an important one in two respects — one, that the 
 amount of oil per cubic foot of rock increases with the porosity, 
 and the other, that in a given held, when the porosity of the rock 
 changes locally, the valuable accumulations of oil and gas will 
 be found where the rock is more open; pools in the same gen- 
 eral field, where all other conditions are apparently the same, 
 being separated only by a space where the oil-bearing rock is 
 more dense and closer grained than in other parts of the field. 
 
 2. Cover. Over all rocks carrying gas or oil in quantities 
 is a more or less impervious cover, the necessity for which can 
 easily be seen, preventing, as it does, the oil from rising into 
 higher strata, and confining it within the limits of the porous 
 rock in which it is found. The cover consists sometimes of 
 a bed of close-grained shales, sometimes of a very dense, ex- 
 tremely hard layer of rock, generally containing more or less 
 lime and alumina, and called the “cap;” sometimes of a bed 
 of clay. 
 
 The “cap” of hard, dense rock, varying in thickness from 
 a few inches to several feet, is probably the cover most often 
 found, although a bed of Impervious clay shales over an oil sand 
 is not uncommon. In the latter case the oil sand itself will 
 generally be found close and hard at the top. In drilling 
 through a thick sand, it is not unusual to find in records of wells 
 an oil sand reported as carrying oil in the lower part; but it is 
 quite probable that in such cases there is a thin, stratum of 
 shale, too thin to be noticed by the driller, or a hard, thin shell 
 above the oil, separating it from the overlying rock, and pre- 
 venting it from rising higher. 
 
 3. Such structure of the rocks as will arrest the movement 
 of oil and gas and confine the products of large areas within 
 relatively small limits. The anticlinal theory of the accumula- 
 tion of oil and gas in folds in the rocks has long been advocated 
 by prominent geologists and has come to be almost universally 
 recognized as the form of structure necessary for valuable ac- 
 cumulations of those substances. The term “anticlinal,” how- 
 ever, must be taken in a broad sense', as the theory does not 
 teach that an anticline or complete arch in the rocks must exist 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 19 
 
 before oil or gas can be accumulated. It is true that, as first 
 noticed in the oil fields of West Virginia and Pennsylvania, 
 the lines of production were mainly along the lines of the nu- 
 merous anticlines, or arches, found in those fields, but as data 
 have accumulated from these and other fields, and careful meas- 
 urements and comparisons made over large areas of producing 
 territory, it has been proven that not only anticlines, but other 
 folds in the rocks — monoclines, terraces, etc. — may also' be ef- 
 fective in producing an accumulation of oil and gas. In a 
 general sense, and retaining the term “anticlinal,” given a por- 
 ous rock containing oil and gas and dipping at any angle, some 
 sort of a fold or change in the dip, which will tend to prevent 
 the rise of the oil and gas up the dip and cause it to- accumulate 
 at that point, is necessary ; and, given such a fold with the other 
 conditions present, an accumulation of oil and gas may confi- 
 dently be expected 
 
 It is claimed, as proof of the anticlinal theory, that all known 
 oil and gas fields, where the necessary measurements of the 
 dips of the rocks could be obtained, have proven, to be intimately 
 connected with lines of structure — folds or changes in the dips 
 of the rocks of some kind — and that even such fields as have 
 not as yet been so proven, probably would be 1 , if all the data 
 could be obtained. The theory has also been put to further 
 proof by the location of oil and gas wells in advance of the 
 drill. Some of the best known oil and gas fields in other 
 States were located in this way; while 1 , what is equally im- 
 portant, non-producing territory was pointed out either by the 
 absence of these structural lines or the existence of svnclines. 
 
 Structural folds in the rocks may be of many different forms 
 to be effective in the accumulation of oil and gas, the theory 
 simply requiring enough change to enable the different ma- 
 terials to arrange themselves in the order of their specific grav- 
 ity, the gas highest* the oil next, and the salt, water lowest. To. 
 make this clearer, sketches are given below to show some few 
 of the most common forms. It is a very common idea among 
 those who have not had the opportunity to familiarize them- 
 selves with the theory of anticlinal accumulation, that an anti- 
 cline will show not only as an arch in the rocks, but also as an 
 elevation on the surface; as a matter of fact the surface may be 
 of any shape whatever, the anticline or other fold running 
 across and under valleys and hills alike. 
 
20 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 1 shows an ideal form of anticline, with a possible devel- 
 opment of salt water and oil on each side of the axis, and gas 
 at the summit of the fold. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 well at F. salt water; A — A, Oil Sand. 
 
 No. 2 shows a monocline, with gas at the top and oil and salt 
 water in succession, lower down the dip. Both of these sketches 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Possible effect of a double fold on a rising dip. A — A, Oil Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 21 
 
 show a possible development of both oil and gas ; as a matter 
 of fact, the latter would more likely be found at. points along 
 the axis where the elevation of the axis may produce domes. 
 
 No. 3 shows a possible application of the anticlinal theory 
 where the oil and gas are caught in small folds not near the 
 top of the dip, and also shows liow two “pools” of oil (at G and 
 E)\ and two gas pools, may exist close together in the same 
 field. 
 
 These sketches are simply intended to show, in a very gen- 
 eral w T ay, the manner in which the gas, oil and salt water ar- 
 range themselves in the order of their specific gravity, and the 
 futility of expecting to get oil or gas in a syncline where noth- 
 ing but salt water could be expected. 
 
 In Kentucky but little regard has been paid, so far, to this 
 point of structure, and large amounts of money have been ex- 
 pended in drilling where there was no chance for an accumu- 
 lation of oil because of a lack of anything like a fold in the 
 rocks, while there is already nearly enough data on hand to 
 demonstrate that all the fields which are now producing are 
 intimately connected with folds of some sort. The gas field in 
 Meade county, from which gas is piped to Louisville, is on 
 a small dome interrupting the westerly dip of the black shale; 
 the Cloverport gas wells are on a series of small arches or anti- 
 clines. Both of these fields have been long-lived, when the small 
 size of the folds on which they are situated is considered, and 
 both give nothing but salt water outside of the folds. Tte 
 Warfield gas well, which produced gas in enormous quantities, 
 is directly on the summit of a sharp anticline. The Ragland 
 field, in Bath county, is near the axis of a monoclinal fold, 
 with the production limited to a comparatively narrow belt 
 parallel to the axis; and the Estill county and Wolfe county 
 fields show about the same conditions. The productive areas 
 in Wayne county and Cumberland county are limited, so far 
 as they have been examined, to. small anticlines and domes, 
 while in the Knox county fields the best wells can be followed 
 on very narrow lines produced by sharp changes in the dips 
 of the rocks. 
 
 It is hoped that as the work of the Survey is extended, the 
 study of dips and structure in the different oil fields of the 
 State, which is outside the present scope of this bulletin, may 
 
22 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 be taken np in detail and, with the co-operation of the opera- 
 tors, be worked out in detail for each particular field. 
 
 4. Salt water . The fourth, and what is probably the most 
 important of all the conditions for the accumulation of oil 
 and gas, is the presence of salt water in the same rock in which 
 the oil and gas are found. The discovery of oil and gas by 
 drilling for salt Avater, is a matter of history ; that in all oil 
 or gas fields, salt Avater is found somewhere in the same rock 
 as the oil and gas, and conversely, that, in any porous rock con- 
 taining salt Avater, oil or gas will be found in some amount 
 higher in the rock, has been proven in the development of the 
 oil fields of the world. The influence of reservoir, cover and 
 structure on the accumulation of oil and gas, have already been 
 shown, but the presence of salt water in the same rock is para- 
 mount to all these; a rock may carry oil disseminated through- 
 out its mass, it may be porous and at places have the proper 
 structural fold for the accumulation of oil, but without the 
 presence of salt water the accumulation in quantities will not 
 take place. In some fields fresh water may be found below the 
 oil, but in these cases, salt water will be found further down 
 the dip, and the theory holds good. The salt water is the di- 
 rect agent through which the accumulation of oil and gas has 
 taken place. With a given rock containing oil scattered 
 throughout its mass, the salt water in the same rock, rising up 
 the dip, collects the oil as it rises, the latter by its lighter grav- 
 ity then separating from the water and rising ahead of it, in 
 volume increasing in proportion to the distance along the dip 
 through which it rises, finally being caught and held in 
 some structural fold in the rock; but (and this is an important 
 modification of the anticlinal theory) only rising far enough 
 up the dip to keep ahead of the salt water, so that the position 
 of the oil with reference to the summit of the fold, may be pre- 
 determined by the height to AA 7 hich the salt water can rise. 
 
 STRIKE LINES. 
 
 The line of strike of an anticlinal, or other fold, is a line par- 
 allel to its axis and at right angles to the direction of the dip 
 of the rocks down the fold, and it is along these strike lines, 
 after the width of the field up and doAvn the dip has been de- 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 23 
 
 termined, that the extension of the field must be looked for. 
 This fact accounts for the widely prevailing notion that oil 
 and gas fields are all on a 45-degree line northeast and south- 
 west. The anticlines on which the older oil fields were found, 
 were smaller waves running in a generally parallel direction 
 to the Alleghany mountain system, which runs approximately 
 northeast and southwest, and in these fields a 45-degree line 
 would therefore often run through considerable oil territory. 
 There is no fixed law, however, in regard to direction of struc- 
 tural lines in the rocks. They may run in any direction, and 
 the only safe rule in locating extensions is to follow the strike 
 lines, or lines parallel to the axes of the folds. 
 
 ROCK PRESSURE. 
 
 The tension or pressure exerted by the gas in a well is known 
 as the rock-pressure, and varies considerably at different depths 
 and in different fields. When the well is closed in, the pres- 
 sure in the casing will, of course, sooner or later equal the pres- 
 sure in the well, and the rapidity with which the pressure in- 
 creases after being closed in, is proportional to the volume of 
 gas which the well will produce, a well gaining 100 pounds 
 per minute after being closed, having a much larger produc- 
 tion than one gaining only ten pounds per minute, although 
 the final rock-pressure may be the same in both. The, rock- 
 pressure, then, is the total pressure per square inch attained in 
 the well after being closed in, and while, in the same field, a 
 small well will, after closing in, be longer in attaining this 
 pressure than a well of larger volume would, the final pres- 
 sure will be approximately the same all over the field. 
 
 The minute pressure is the pressure per square inch reached 
 in one minute after being shut in, and, as stated above, the 
 greater the volume produced by the well, the greater the pres- 
 sure reached in a minute. From the minute pressure and the 
 rock-pressure, the volume discharged can be roughly estimated. 
 
 The open pressure is the pressure exerted by the gas in open 
 flow from the casing, and the amount of pressure depends on 
 the volume of gas produced and the size of the casing, increas- 
 ing the diameter of the casing diminishing the open pressure. 
 The open pressure is always very much smaller than the rock- 
 
24 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 pressure ; a well having a rock-pressure of 500 pounds may have 
 an open pressure of less than one pound, the open pressure 
 being entirely unconnected with the rock-pressure and, with 
 a given size of casing, depending on the volume of gas dis- 
 charged. A well with a very high rock-pressurei and a very low 
 open pressure will, after being closed, increase in pressure very 
 slowly, the volume discharged being small. 
 
 OIL POOLS AND LIMIT OF SUPPLY. 
 
 The name “pool” is quite commonly applied to the produc- 
 tive area of an oil field, and many persons use the name in its 
 literal meaning, their conception of the storage of oil in the 
 rocks being the same as a pool of water on the surface, many 
 even believing that these “pools” are, in some cases, fed by 
 veins or running streams of oil. The oil-pool is simply that 
 portion of the oil rock which is stored with enough oil to givc- 
 an available supply, either by natural flow or by pumping, and 
 the oil is stored in the pores of the rock just as water is stored 
 and held in the pores of a sponge. 
 
 It is not at all likely that the production of oil is still going 
 on; the products have practically all been stored, and when 
 tapped by the drill their final extinction is only a matter of 
 more or less time, depending on the thickness and porosity of 
 the sand, the extent of the field, and the rapidity with which 
 wells are drilled and pumped. 
 
 The writer has often heard the belief expressed that oil can 
 be found anywhere by going “deep enough.” It is hoped that 
 the perusal of these pages will not only dispel that idea, but 
 be of assistance to the prospective driller in determining, 
 approximately at least, how deep it will be necessary to go to 
 reach the sands he may want to test, and to show what sands 
 he may expect to find beneath the surface in different parts 
 of the State. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 25 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Principal Divisions of the Geological Scale in 
 Kentucky and the Oil Sands Corres- 
 ponding to Each. 
 
 CONGLOM ER ATE ME ASU RES. 
 
 In the Conglomerate Measures are here included, not alone 
 the massive sandstone, sometimes carrying no. pebbles, and 
 sometimes a true conglomerate filled with water-worn pebbles, 
 known all over Eastern Kentucky as the Conglomerate Sand- 
 stone, but all the shales and sandstones, with occasional in- 
 cluded beds of coal, extending from the top of the Chester 
 Group to the base of the heavy shales which mark the beginning 
 of the lower productive Coal Measures. Thin in Northeastern 
 Kentucky, and consisting there mainly of a heavy sandstone 
 underlaid by a bed of dark shale, the latter often carrying a 
 bed of coal, it thickens rapidly to the south, southeast and 
 southwest, and, as fully developed in Southeastern Kentucky, 
 consists of a series of heavy, massive sandstones, separated by 
 beds of shale and slate, and carrying several seams of coal, and 
 reaching a total thickness, at its maximum, of over 1,000 feet. 
 It forms the most marked features of the topography in its 
 outcrop along the western edge of the eastern coal-field, making 
 the massive sandstone cliffs which everywhere overlie the Ches- 
 ter and St. Louis limestones, and again, where brought up by 
 the Pine Mountain fault, forming the heavy sandstone ledges 
 which cap that mountain. 
 
 Beginning on the Ohio, river, in Greenup county, its thick- 
 ness is given by Professor Crandall as 30 to 100 feet in Greenup 
 and Carter counties, 90 feet at Grayson, 158 feet on the North 
 Fork of Licking river, and about 300 feet in Jackson and Men- 
 efee counties. It is thicker, under cover, in Wolfe and Morgan 
 counties, the record, given further on, of a well on Caney creek, 
 in Morgan county, giving its character there in detail. East 
 and south of Morgan county it thickens much more rapidly, 
 
26 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 and, going towards the Big Sandy river to the east and Pine 
 mountain to the south, is divided into a number of sandstone 
 ledges, with heavy beds o.f shale between, with a total thick- 
 ness, as mentioned above, of from 600 to 1,000 feet The main 
 ledge of the Conglomerate, in the counties where it has not yet 
 divided up, has produced more or less oil, gas and salt, water 
 where drilled through. In Boyd county it gave salt- water. In 
 Morgan county it proved the source of a very persistent flow 
 of gas, and in Breathitt, a well drilled into it on the waters of 
 Frozen creek, gave a considerable flow of black oil. It was also 
 the source of the shallow black oil of Johnson county. Its 
 production, however, has not proven, as yet, of any special im- 
 portance in the area under which it exists mainly as a single 
 heavy ledge of sandstone. In those counties, however, where 
 it has thickened and divided up into several heavy ledges, with 
 corresponding shales between, the record' becomes entirely dif- 
 ferent. In Floyd, Knott, Martin and Pike counties, where 
 some extensive drilling has been done, the Conglomerate series 
 form the main part of the formations, from near the surface 
 down to from 1,000 to 1,800 feet, and in that distance four well- 
 defined sands, carrying gas, oil and salt water in quantities, 
 have been developed. In Knox and Whitley counties the record , 
 is about the same, most of the wells starting approximately 
 at the top of the Conglomerate series, the latter having a 
 thickness of 800 to 900 feet, with from three to four pro- 
 ducing sands, and all the production of the field, as in the 
 Floyd county district, coming from the Conglomerate, with 
 the one exception, common to both fields, of deeper drilling 
 getting additional production from the Big Injun sand. There 
 still remains a large area in Southeastern Kentucky underlaid 
 by the thickened Conglomerate series, which has not been 
 tested by the drill, and other areas where but little drilling has 
 been done, where the chances for oil and gas would seem to be 
 at least worthy of a trial. Under the headings of the above- 
 mentioned counties, respectively, will be given later on a num- 
 ber of records of drilled wells, which will show the producing 
 sands and the full thickness of the Conglomerate series as 
 there developed. By reference to Map No. 1, accompanying 
 this report, it will be seen that, outside of the counties of Knox, 
 Floyd, Johnson and Martin, this whole area is, as yet, prac- 
 tically untested. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 27 
 
 In Western Kentucky the Conglomerate still shows in out- 
 crop around the western coal-field, but it is thinner and quite 
 variable in character and thickness, and its qualifications as 
 an oil or gas sand are, as yet, almost entirely unknown. It 
 is a noteworthy fact, however, that some of the most important 
 occurrences of “asphalt rock” are in the Conglomerate. 
 
 CHESTER (MAUCH CHUNK) GROUP. 
 
 This is represented by a series of sands, limestones and soft 
 red and green shales, lying between the St. Louis limestone 
 group and the Conglomerate Measures. From the Ohio 
 river these outcrop southwesterly along the western border of 
 the Eastern Coal-field, but, for some distance to' the southwest 
 from the river, they are very thin, showing sometimes as a few 
 feet of red and green shales and sometimes wanting entirely. 
 They increase in thickness to the southwest and around the 
 Central Bluegrass region, in a manner similar to the thickening 
 of the St. Louis in the same direction. In Jackson county they 
 are reported as showing fifteen to thirty feet of red and green 
 shales with bands of intercalated limestone. In Whitley 
 county the total thickness has increased to ninety feet, as 
 shown in the well at Pine Knot. In Clinton county Dr. 
 Loughridge gives a thickness of 228 feet, as follows: 
 
 Shale 4 , or green marl and limestone 130 
 
 Dark, impure limestone 73 
 
 Greenish sandstone 25 
 
 228 
 
 Farther west they thicken still more, and in the western 
 part of the State reach a thickness of from 600 to 800 feet. A 
 record of a well drilled at Tell City, just below Hawesville, 
 shows a thickness there of 597 feet. 
 
 In West Virginia and Pennsylvania the corresponding forma- 
 tion has been given the name of Mauch Chunk red shales, and 
 Professor White, in his West Virginia report, gives it an aver- 
 age thickness of 150 feet. In Knox county, deep well records 
 show the Chester series of shales and limestones as about 200 
 feet thick. It will be seen from this that they thicken from 
 their outcrop in Northeastern Kentucky to the southeast, as 
 
28 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 well as to tlie southwest,, as do the St. Louis limestones. In 
 Eastern and Southeastern Kentucky, the records of drilled wells 
 show considerable unconformity between the Chester, or Mauch 
 Chunk, and the underlying St. Louis, or Mountain limestone, 
 and also between the St. Louis and the underlying Big Injun 
 group. All three sometimes show in place, and again one or 
 two, out of the three, will be considerably cut down, and some- 
 times two will show in one well, while in another well, only a 
 short distance away, one of them will be entirely wanting. This 
 peculiarity will be shown in records of wells to be given far- 
 ther on. 
 
 So far as known, no oil or gas sands have been, as yet, discov- 
 ered in the Chester rocks, with the exception of a gas flow from 
 a Chester sand in a well in Martin county. Professor White re- 
 ports them as barren in West Virginia, and well records in 
 Eastern Kentucky, with the above exception, show nothing; but 
 in Western Kentucky (where the formation has developed to 
 a series of limestones, shales and sandstones, GOO to 800 feet 
 thick) some of the massive sandstones in this group are, on 
 their outcrop, saturated with oil, which has oxidized and made 
 the well-known Kentucky asphalt rock. Not much drilling 
 has been done there where these rocks are under cover and it 
 may be that they will yet furnish a supply of oil. There are 
 three or four massive sandstones in tbe series there which would 
 make suitable reservoirs. Plate No. 2, showing the arch of the 
 Rough Creek anticline at a point about a mile south of Leitch- 
 field, Grayson county, also shows a quarry in one of these Ches- 
 ter sandstones — the No. 2 sandstone of the survey reports. 
 
 ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE GROUP. 
 
 The division of the Sub-carboniferous known as the St. Louis 
 limestone group, and also known as the Newman limestone, 
 the Mountain Lime, and the “Big Lime” of the driller, together 
 with the overlying Chester shales and limestones, forms the 
 division between the sands and shales of the overlying Con- 
 glomerate and Coal Measures and the underlying Waverly 
 group. It is nearly always to be found in place, though of 
 varying thickness, and constitutes a valuable guide to the drill- 
 er; but being thinner and lying so much nearer the surface in 
 
No. 2. Arch of the Rough Creek Anticline in quarry south of Leitchfield, Grayson County. 
 

 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 29 
 
 parts of this State than it does in West Virginia and Penn- 
 sylvania, many drillers have been mistaken in its identity. Ac- 
 customed to striking it deep down in the wells after going 
 through a long list of shales and sands, they have, in Kentucky, 
 erroneously applied the name “Big Lime” to the long series of 
 limestones which begin below the Devonian Black Shale and 
 extend downward to an unknown depth, thus taking these 
 limestones to be the same as the “Big Lime” of West Vir- 
 ginia and Pennsylvania, when really they belong much lower 
 in the section. To any one unaccustomed to the Kentucky 
 section, this is a very natural mistake, but one causing much 
 confusion. 
 
 Beginning at the Ohio river, near Portsmouth, the St. Louis 
 limestones have thinned down to almost nothing; they are re- 
 ported missing in the wells at Portsmouth and fronton, but 
 from there on to the southeast and southwest they thicken 
 rapidly. Passing around and to the south, of the Central Blue- 
 grass region, they thicken still more rapidly, reaching a thick- 
 ness of eight hundred feet and possibly more, in the western 
 part of the State, and forming the surface rocks over large 
 areas. In the well near Ashland, the St. Louis is sixty feet 
 thick; in a well near Huntington, 150 feet thick, and farther 
 up the Ohio river, in a well opposite Gallipolis, 165 feet thick. 
 Crandall gives it a thickness of from 0 to 40 feet on outcrop in 
 Greenup county, 35 feet at Soldier, 75 feet at Olive Hill, 90 feet 
 at Boone Furnace, 140 feet at Carter Caves, 20 to 30 feet in 
 Bo wan county, and 40 to 60 feet in Menefee. Linney gives its 
 outcrop at 65 and 100 feet in Bath and Montgomery. Owen 
 gives outcrops in Po-well and Estill counties of about 160 feet, 
 and Sullivan gives it as 225 feet in Jackson and Rockcastle. 
 Well records give a thickness of 20 feet near Grayson, 90 at 
 Denton and 109 at Strait Creek in Carter county, 75 to 110 
 feet in Wolfe and Morgan, 210 feet in Magoffin, an average of 
 150 in Lawrence, 138 to 210 in Floyd, about 200 in Martin and 
 180 to 240 in Pike. In the Pike and Martin fields, though, it 
 seems from the records to be very irregular in its appearance, 
 sometimes showing its full thickness, sometimes separated in 
 two parts by a ledge of sandstone, and again being very much 
 broken and 1 mixed up with the overlying Mauch Chunk, or Ches- 
 ter series, and the underlying Big Injun group. On the Pine 
 
30 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 mountain outcrop, Professor Crandall reports it as 500 feet 
 thick, but this probably includes the overlying Chester rocks. 
 Professor C. J. Norwood gives it as about 400 feet thick on the 
 Cumberland mountain outcrop at Cumberland Gap. Going 
 west, a well at Pine Knot, in Whitley county, gives 395 feet, and 
 Loughridge gives 303 feet on outcrop in Clinton county. In 
 the eastern part of Meade county it is 475 feet thick, in Hart 
 over 500 feet, in Breckenridge over 700 feet, and it thickens 
 from that to 800 feet, and probably more, in the extreme west- 
 ern part of the State. Under cover, in Eastern and Southeast- 
 ern Kentucky, well records give the following depths from the 
 surface to the top of the St. Louis: 
 
 Ft. 
 
 Carter County (Grayson) 80 
 
 Boyd County 500 
 
 Huntington, W. Va 970 
 
 Lawrence County 157 to 1,025 
 
 Wolfe County 420 
 
 Morgan County 360 to 460 
 
 Magoffin County 715 
 
 Floyd County 1,150 
 
 Martin County 1,250 
 
 Pike County 1,500 
 
 Whitley County (Pine Knot) 900 
 
 (Due to an anticline) 
 
 These depths, of course, will vary somewhat, but they are 
 about the average, and will, when combined with the thickness 
 given for the St. Louis on preceding pages, serve as a close 
 guide for drilling. 
 
 The St. Louis limestones are petroliferous in a number of 
 places, giving a strong smell of petroleum when broken with a 
 hammer, and often showing small cavities tilled with oil, but 
 have furnished no supplies of oil or gas, unless the gas from a 
 portion of the Pike and Martin county field can be referred 
 to this formation instead of the Big Injun group. The two 
 formations, as mentioned on a preceding page, show consid- 
 erable unconformity in this field; the Mountain Lime will be 
 present in full thickness, with the Big Injun under it, and in 
 another well close by be almost or entirely gone. The heavy 
 flow of gas which is found in this section, Professor White, in 
 his West Virginia report, attributes entirely to the Big Injun, 
 claiming the latter to be changed to part lime and the gas to 
 be obtained from streaks of sand contained in it, a conclusion 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 31 
 
 hardly justified by the records from the wells. The log of the 
 old gas well at Warfield, in Martin county, shows the forma- 
 tions nearly all Conglomerate, with 200 feet, of white and blue 
 shales under the Conglomerate and 100 feet of sandstone and 
 “shells” under that, and then a heavy flow of gas from seven 
 feet of sandy limestone. The log of this well does not agree with 
 any other records obtained, the 200 feet of light shales seeming 
 to be a local feature. In the Burning Springs well, located 
 just across the river from Warfield, the Mauch Chunk or Ches- 
 ter series show very plainly at from 819 to 1,038 feet; then 
 comes 162 feet of Mountain Lime, from 1038 to 1200, with gas 
 in the limestone (nearer the top than the bottom) at 1098; then 
 138 feet of shelly slate, with gas in a sand “shell” near the top, 
 and again at 1315, near the bottom. This 138 feet of shelly 
 slate represents the Big Injun group, with gas, and the 162 
 feet of limestone above it is the Mountain Limestone, also pro- 
 ducing gas. 
 
 Other wells in Floyd, Lawrence, Pike and Martin counties 
 show a dividing ledge of sandstone, contained in the Mountain 
 Lime, from which large flows of gas are obtained, with some 
 shows of oil. A number of other wells undoubtedly give gas 
 from the Big Injun alone, and one or two from both Mountain 
 Lime and Big Injun, so that it seems certain that while a large 
 part of the gas is produced by the Big Injun, the Mountain 
 Limestone is in this immediate section a gas producer also, the 
 gas coming from the ledge of sand mentioned above as includ- 
 ed in the limestone. 
 
 WAVERLY GROUP. 
 
 The Kentucky Geological Survey applied the name Waverly 
 to the group including all the formations between the top of 
 the Devonian Black Shale and the base of the St. Louis Lime- 
 stones. The name was unfortunately chosen, but, it has become 
 so well known, as applied to those rocks, that it; will, until 
 replaced by a better one, continue to be used here. It includes 
 the Knobstone series and shales of Eastern Kentucky, described 
 by Dr. Owen, and corresponds: in position to the Waverly 
 group of the Ohio scale, and the Poeono of West: Virginia. In 
 Eastern Kentucky it consists generally of a series of sandstones, 
 shales and shaly sands, easily drilled through, and includes 
 
32 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 within its limits the Big Injun sand, another heavy sand below 
 the top of the Waverly, which may take the place of the Big 
 Injun (see heading “Big Injun Sand”), and the well-known 
 Berea. Grit of the Ohio oil-fields. In Southern Kentucky it 
 begins to change in character, becoming more calcareous 1 , es- 
 pecially near the top, where ‘the Keokuk Limestones come in, 
 and includes the Stray, Mt. Pisgah, Beaver, Cooper and Slick- 
 ford sands of Wayne county. In Western Kentucky, where 
 the Keokuk thickens up, it becomes still more calcareous, con- 
 sisting mainly of limestones and limy shales, with a heavy 
 bed of clay shales at the bottom, and includes the Keokuk 
 shales and limestones. The Cloverport gas sand of Brecken- 
 ridge county, the gas-bearing sands of Warren county, and the 
 amber oil of Barren county are found in the Keokuk division. 
 
 The Waverly group covers considerable area in outcrop, and 
 is under cover in still larger areas. These rocks form the sur- 
 face rocks of a section extending around Central Kentucky, 
 from the Ohio river in Lewis county to the Ohio river again in 
 Bullitt county, and from Boyle and Lincoln counties southwest 
 to the Tennessee line. From these lines of outcrop they dip 
 rapidly to the southwest and southeast under the Western and 
 Eastern coal-fields respectively. 
 
 In thickness the Waverly averages roughly about 400 feet, 
 although thicker than that under cover in Eastern Kentucky, 
 where it will average about 600 feet. The average thickness 
 on outcrop is as follows: 
 
 Greenup County 500 feet 
 
 Bath County 400 “ 
 
 Fleming County 400 “ 
 
 Garrard County 300 “ 
 
 Clinton County 380 “ 
 
 Thinning to the southeast, its outcrop, where brought up By 
 the Pine Mountain uplift, is only about 200 feet in thickness'. 
 In Western Kentucky the records of the Meade and Barren 
 county wells give a thickness there of about 250 feet to this 
 group, the section showing very calcareous at the top, and with 
 a thick bed of shales at the bottom. Farther west, under cover, 
 the section has changed materially, records in Warren show- 
 ing a thickness of nearly 400 feet, and in Breckenridge and 
 Hart a thickness of over 400 feet, the section consisting mostly 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 33 
 
 of very dark and black limestones and lime shales 1 , the lime- 
 stones, many of them, being argillaceous. Still further west 
 no records are available to give the character or thickness of 
 these beds. A record from Caldwell county, given later on, 
 shows black hard limestones about where they would be due, 
 
 but the lines of division can not be drawn on the record. 
 
 / 
 
 DEVONIAN BLACK SHALE. 
 
 The Black Shale constitutes a well-known landmark to nearly 
 every driller, its soft drilling and black color making it easily 
 recognized. Crossing the Ohio river from Ohio* into Lewis 
 county, it follows in outcrop an irregular line clear around 
 the Central Bluegrass region to the Ohio river again in Jeffer- 
 son county, where it crosses over into Indiana. Another line 
 of outcrop begins on the Cumberland river on Forbush and 
 White Oak creeks, in Wayne county, and extends down t tie 
 river and above water level on both sides to the Tennessee 
 line. In thickness the Black Shale varies considerably, but in 
 a general way it thins out to the southwest and thickens very 
 rapidly to the east. The following are its average thicknesses 
 at various points on its outcrop. 
 
 Lewis County 
 
 Fleming County . . . 
 
 Bath County 
 
 Montgomery County 
 
 Clark County 
 
 Estill County 
 
 Powell County 
 Pine Mountain 
 Garrard County 
 Marion County 
 Nelson County 
 
 Larue County 
 
 Bullitt County 
 
 Jefferson County . . 
 
 Casey County 
 
 Russell County 
 Clinton County . . . . 
 Cumberland County 
 Monroe County . . . . 
 
 Feet. 
 . 225 
 . 200 
 . 135 
 . 110 
 . 100 
 . 100 
 . 100 
 . 150 
 . 50 
 . 60 
 . 50 
 . 65 
 . 70 
 . 100 
 . 45 
 . 40 
 . 30 
 . 25 
 . 20 
 
34 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Well records give it the following thicknesses uuder cover : 
 
 Magoffin County 
 
 •Morgan County 
 
 Wolfe County 
 
 Menefee County 
 Rockcastle County . . 
 Whitley County 
 
 Wayne County 
 
 Barren County 
 
 Warren County 
 
 Breckenridge County 
 Hart County 
 
 Feet. 
 
 400 
 
 285 
 
 191 
 
 150 
 
 150 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 90 
 
 95 
 
 105 
 
 Its remarkable thickening to the east can best be shown by 
 a line of wells through Ohio and Kentucky, from Lewis county, 
 Kentucky, to Wellsville, Ohio: 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 In Lewis County, Ky 225 
 
 “ Carter County, Ky 450 
 
 At Portsmouth, Ohio 560 
 
 “ Ironton, Ohio 680 
 
 In Lawrence County, Ky 644 
 
 Ohio River, near Gallipolis 1,000 nearly 
 
 Ohio River, near Wellsville 3,000 “ 
 
 In all these counties, in Kentucky as well as in Ohio, where 
 this thickening occurs, there are several divisions in this shale 
 and the shales are often of different colors — black, white, 
 brown, etc. — the other Devonian shales of Ohio and West Vir- 
 ginia being added to the black Ohio Shale of the Kentucky 
 outcrop. 
 
 This thickening of the Devonian shales, combined with the 
 thickening of the St. Louis and the Conglomerate measures, 
 would make very deep drilling necessary to reach the lower 
 rocks in parts of Eastern Kentucky. 
 
 THE DEVONIAN ( CORNIFEROUS) LIMESTONES. 
 
 The Devonian limestones in Kentucky do not attain much 
 thickness, ranging from only a trace in places up to 35 or 40 
 feet, but they are important economically as furnishing the 
 producing rock for two well-developed oil fields and a gas field 
 of much promise, with a possibility of a greater development 
 in the future in other localities. In outcrop they follow on the 
 
No. 3. Devonian Shale, Corniferous Limestone and Niagara (Osgood) Shale 
 L. & E. R. R. East of Virden, Powell County. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 35. 
 
 map. the outcrop of the Devonian Black Shale (which directly 
 overlies these limestones) from the Ohio river in Lewis county 
 around to the Ohio river again at Louisville, at which place 
 they form the falls in the river. At Louisville the Devonian 
 limestones probably have their greatest development in Ken- 
 tucky. They are there divided by Professor Foerste in two 
 parts, the lower corresponding to the Corniferous, and the 
 upper to a higher formation, possibly the Hamilton. The 
 upper part does not extend far into Kentucky, but the lower, 
 or Corniferous, as stated above, follows the outcrop of the 
 Black Shale clear around to the Ohio river again. The Cor- 
 niferous is often marked, in the upper ledges, by irregular 
 masses of hornstone or flint, which give the rock a peculiar 
 rugged appearance, the softer portion of the rock weathering 
 out and leaving the flint masses projecting. The average sec- 
 tion of the Corniferous in Eastern Kentucky on outcrop shows, 
 directly under the Black Shale, a few feet of hard, dark, bi- 
 tuminous limestones, in thin ledges and separated by thin 
 layers of dark, limy shale; under these, one or more massive 
 ledges of gray limestone with flint, and under those several 
 ledges of gray magnesian limestones with no flint, and a heavy 
 bottom ledge of white limestone. The whole will average about 
 twenty feet in thickness in Eastern Kentucky and is underlaid 
 always by the Niagara (Osgood) Shale. The soft Niagara 
 Shale below and Black Shale above, weather much more rap- 
 idly than the Corniferous, and leave the latter, wherever out- 
 cropping, showing as a bluff projecting beyond the underly- 
 ing Niagara. Plate No. 3, taken at the cut on the L. & E. Rail- 
 road, just east of Virden, Powell county, shows the Cornifer- 
 ous Limestone overlaid by the Black Shale and, in turn, over- 
 lying the Niagara Shale. The latter lias weathered out and 
 left the Corniferous projecting beyond it in a vertical bluff. 
 It is possible, and in fact probable, that some of the lower 
 ledges of this section do not belong to the Devonian — probably 
 representing the Niagara Limestone and the Lower Helder- 
 burg or Water Lime of the Ohio section, but the whole group 
 is so thin, the name Corniferous will still be used to cover it 
 all, at least until a separation can be made. 
 
 The Corniferous can not be recognized in any of the wells 
 in Southeastern Kentucky south of Morgan county. It does 
 
. 36 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 not appear in the Whitley county wells, the section there, be- 
 tween the Black Shale and the Hudson, being taken up by the 
 Niagara and Clinton shales, and it is wanting under the outcrop 
 of the Black Shale on Cumberland and Green rivers, so that 
 its southern limit in Central Kentucky can roughly be taken 
 as an east and west line through the extreme southern edge 
 of Lincoln county.* In Eastern Kentucky it shows in well rec- 
 ords as far as Magoffin county; beyond that the wells do not 
 go deep enough to reach it. A deep well near Huntington, W. 
 Va., stopped in the Corniferous at 2,770 feet. 
 
 At the crossing of the Ohio river just below Vanceburg, in 
 Lewis county, about 50 feet of magnesian limestones show, be- 
 tween the top of the Niagara Shale and the base of the Black 
 Shale. The principal part of this is probably Niagara and 
 Lower Helderburg or Water Lime, but waste of the Corniferous 
 flint is found at the top. This 50 feet rapidly thins out to the 
 southwest, the line of outcrop from the C. & O. Railroad, in 
 Bath county, northeast through Bath and Fleming, showing 
 only occasional outcrops of the Corniferous and, in other 
 places, only a red clay, with waste of the Corniferous, at the 
 base of the Black Shale and in the place of the Corniferous. 
 South of the C. & O. Railroad, however, the Corniferous is in 
 place, showing in outcrop in Bath, Montgomery, Clark, Madi- 
 son, Garrard and Rockcastle, and up the Kentucky and Red 
 rivers and their branches. On Red river it runs under drain- 
 age at Clay City, and on Kentucky river at Irvine. Below 
 drainage, its position is well shown in numerous well records 
 given later on. 
 
 A marked feature of the Corniferous group as an oil sand 
 is the fact that, both on outcrop and under cover, it carries 
 the oil sometimes in the hard, flint layers at the top and again 
 .in the lower magnesian layers. On the outcrop in Clark coun- 
 ty, oil will run from the bottom ledge when broken with a ham- 
 mer, while in Powell county, just a few miles east, the reverse 
 is true. 
 
 In Western Kentucky there is a large area west of a line 
 from Louisville to the Tennessee line, under which the Devonian 
 limestone may be, and probably is, present, but probably very 
 thin. In all this area there is no outcrop of rocks below the 
 
 See map No. 3 accompanying this report. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 37 
 
 Black Shale, and in the well records it is impossible to separate 
 the Devonian limestone from other limestones just beneath it; 
 but it outcrops again in Western Tennessee, and is, therefore, 
 probably present, to some extent at least, under this area also. 
 Some of the wells in Barren county give an oil horizon in a 
 limestone directly under the Black Shale, which is probably 
 the Devonian limestone. 
 
 THE NIAGARA. 
 
 The principal development of the Niagara series in Ken- 
 tucky is as a bed of soft, light-colored shales, with very thin 
 sheets of limestone intercalated through its mass, and lying be- 
 low the Corniferous Limestone and above the Clinton group. In 
 Eastern Kentucky this shale ranges from about fifteen to twenty 
 feet, in Garrard and Clark counties, to a hundred and over in 
 Bath and the counties to the northeast. Its greatest thickness 
 seems to be in Bath, Madison, Fleming, Rowan, Powell, Es- 
 till, Menefee, Mason and Lewis counties. To the east of these 
 the shale bed thins down very rapidly and is replaced by the 
 Niagara limestones before reaching the Big Sandy river. It 
 outcrops, in varying thickness, from the Ohio river in Lewis 
 county around the rim of the Bluegrass to the Ohio river again 
 in Jefferson county, and is recognized in the wells of Carter, 
 Bath, Menefee, Rowan, Powell, Wolfe, Morgan, Estill, Rock- 
 castle and Whitley counties. On the lower Cumberland river 
 outcrop it is either wanting or very thin. 
 
 In Jefferson county, Professor Foerste divides the Niagara 
 into four parts — the Louisville limestone, the Waldron shale, 
 the Laurel limestone and the Osgood shale, the first at the 
 top, and the last at the bottom. Under cover, west and south 
 from Louisville, its total extent is unknown, but the records 
 of wells show the two upper members of the Louisville section 
 as probably cut out. The Niagara shale of Eastern Kentucky 
 is the lowest member, or Osgood shale.* 
 
 *This is the shale which is usually (though not always) referred to by the 
 late William Linney as the Crab Orchard Shale, in his reports on certain of the 
 central counties of the State. For a more detailed discussion of the Niagara 
 Shales, see the forthcoming report of Prof. Foerste on the Clays of the Silurian 
 in Kentucky. — C. J. N. 
 
38 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 The Niagara furnishes no oil horizons, with one possible ex- 
 ception, one of the oil-bearing rocks in Barren county — the 
 Boyd’s Creek sand — being probably referable to the Laurel 
 limestone of the Niagara section at Louisville. 
 
 THE CLINTON GROUP. 
 
 The Clinton group lies between the top of the Lower Silurian 
 rocks and the base of the Niagara, and outcrops on both the 
 eastern and western edges of the central Lower Silurian area. 
 In Eastern Kentucky it consists of a series of limestones (more 
 or less magnesian and with some of the layers carrying chert), 
 soft, light-colored shales and the well-known red Clinton iron 
 ore, though the latter is not always present. Linnev gives 
 thickness of the Avhole group as averaging from 35 to- 50 
 feet in the counties on the eastern edge. Plate No. 4, taken 
 on the L. & E. Railroad, west of Indian Fields, Clark county, 
 shows nearly all of the thickness of the Clinton Group. The 
 lower and upper ledges shown are magnesian limestones, sepa- 
 rated by a bed of soft, blue shale. On the western out- 
 crop it is thinner and changed in character and can with diffi- 
 culty be recognized in the well records, although undoubtedly 
 present under a large area. Along the Cumberland river 
 outcrop of the rocks under the Black Shale, the Clinton does 
 not appear west of Wayne county. In Eastern Kentucky it 
 falls rapidly with the prevailing dips to the east, and southeast, 
 probably reaching a depth of 2,000 feet at the Big Sandy river, 
 and too deep to be reached in the southeastern counties. Its 
 position is well shown in the records of wells given farther on. 
 Under cover the Clinton changes in character, the shales disap- 
 pearing and the formation showing mostly as gray and dove- 
 colored magnesian and sandy limestones in Eastern Kentucky, 
 and biue or light-colored limestone in Western Kentucky.* 
 
 The Clinton appears more or less petroliferous almost every- 
 where that it is drilled through, and no formation in the Ken- 
 tucky fields has been more sought for; but so far very little can 
 be credited to it as a producer. Wells in Morgan county are 
 producing a high grade oil from a siliceous limestone in the 
 Clinton, and the oil horizon of the Wolfe county wells is, some- 
 what doubtfully, ascribed to it, but outside of those fields 
 lliere is, as yet, not much to be said in its favor. 
 
 ♦The increased thickness of the Clinton Group in East Tennessee extends 
 northward part of the way into Kentucky and is shown in the deep well records 
 of Knox, Whitley and the southern edge of Wayne county. 
 
No. 4. Clinton on L. & E. Railroad, North of Indian Fields, Clark County. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 39 
 
 THE HUDSON GROUP. 
 
 In the Hudson group (the Nashville group of Tennessee ) 
 were included by Linney the series of rocks, mostly limestones 
 and shales, with occasionally a sandstone or sandy limestone, 
 beginning at the top of the Trenton and extending up to the 
 base of the Upper Silurian rocks, or to the base of the Niagara 
 group when the lower members of the Upper Silurian are ab- 
 sent, and, in places where all the Upper Silurian rocks are 
 gone, as along the lower Cumberland river, extending up to 
 the base of the Black Shale. In the central parts of Kentucky, 
 where this group has its greatest development, Linney divided 
 it in three parts — LTpper, Middle and Lower — and ascribed to 
 the whole group a thickness of G50 feet. Along the Cumberland 
 river the Hudson again outcrops, but its full thickness is not 
 shown above drainage until after it gets across the Tennessee 
 line, where it corresponds with the Nashville group of Tennes- 
 see, and, according to Safford, has a thickness of about 450 feet. 
 This thickness agrees fairly well with what it would be along 
 the Cumberland river in Kentucky, where the upper part of 
 the Hudson is gone, and the whole section, from the top of the 
 Trenton rocks to the base of the Black Shale, including the 
 Cumberland Sandstone, is composed of the rocks of this group, 
 with a thickness probably not exceeding about 450 feet. 
 
 In Southern and Western Kentucky, where these rocks have 
 gone below drainage, not much is known of their character or 
 thickness, the line between the base of the Hudson and the top 
 of the Trenton being very difficult to draw on such records as 
 are available. In the northern part of Pulaski, the group has 
 an average thickness of about 525 feet, in Whitley about 650, 
 in Wayne about 550, and in Clinton and Cumberland about 450. 
 In the counties to the north and west of its Cumberland river 
 outcrop, it is present in its full thickness again. Barren, War- 
 ren and a portion of Russell giving a thickness of from 650 to 
 700 feet for this group. In the remaining portions of Western 
 Kentucky there are as yet no records available, and the char- 
 acter of this group is therefore practically unknown. Under 
 the Western Coal-fields, very deep drilling would be necessary 
 to reach it, except possibly at places along the axis of the 
 Rough creek anticlinal. 
 
40 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 Tlie Hudson is the source of some very persistent oil hori- 
 zons, as, for instance, the Caney sand of Wolfe, Morgan, etc., 
 and the upper Sunnybrook of the Wayne district. The shallow 
 wells drilled a number of years back in Bourbon county, near 
 Plum Lick and Middletown, which produced some quantities 
 of heavy lubricating oil, are ascribed to the lower part of the 
 Hudson, and numerous wells which have been drilled into and 
 through these rocks at various places have given shows of oil 
 and gas, as in Clinton and Barren counties and the shallow 
 sands of Cumberland county. 
 
 TRENTON GROUP — TRENTON, BIRDSEYE, CHAZY, KNOX DOLOMITE. 
 
 In the Trenton group are here included all the rocks (mostly 
 limestones) exposed in Kentucky from the top of the Trenton 
 limestones proper, near Lexington, down through these Trenton 
 limestones, the Birdseye limestones and the Chazy limestones 
 exposed on the' Kentucky river at and above High Bridge, these 
 latter (Chazy) limestones constituting the lowest or oldest sed- 
 imentary rocks exposed in the State. In addition, the group 
 will include the portion of the Chazy which is under drainage 
 on the Kentucky river and above the top o.f the Calciferous, 
 and, in a part of the State, certain lower rocks between the 
 Chazy and Calciferous, as mentioned later on. The total ver- 
 tical thickness of the section, from low water in the Kentucky 
 river at Camp Nelson to the top of the Trenton near Lexington, 
 would be about 600 to 650 feet. The section would be: 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Upper beds — Bluegrass limestones 200 to 255 
 
 Birdseye and Magnesian limestones 110 
 
 Chazy limestones ’ 285 
 
 600 to 650 
 
 How much thickness is to be added to this, to include the 
 rocks below the exposed portion of the Chazy limestone down 
 to the Calciferous, the next lower formation below the Trenton 
 group in Central and Northern Kentucky, can not be given 
 with accuracy at present, but it will probably not exceed 150 
 feet, if it be that much. Taking it at 150 feet would make 
 the Chazy 435 feet, and the whole Trenton group about 800 
 feet, which agrees very closely with the thickness shown in 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 41 
 
 wells in Central Kentucky. The upper beds of the Trenton 
 group form the surface rocks of Central Kentucky;* dipping 
 rapidly to. the east and west, they soon disappear from view 
 and are to be found at increasing depths as the distance from 
 the central portion increases. At Lexington, the top of the 
 Trenton is at an elevation of about 1,000 feet above sea. At 
 Cincinnati it is about at low water in the river, at Louisville 
 about 750 feet below the surface, and at Owensboro probably 
 3,500 feet below. Going east from Cincinnati the Trenton rises 
 for some distance, but the dip then reverses, the top o.f the 
 Trenton at Ironton, on the Ohio river opposite Ashland, being 
 given by Orton as 3,442 feet below the surface; in the south- 
 eastern part of the State it would be, roughly, from 2,500 to 
 3,000 feet down. The lower and middle members, of the Trenton 
 group, (the Birdseye and Chazy limestones), are seen partly 
 above drainage along the Kentucky river, but nowhere else 
 in the State. The Birdseye will average a little over 100 feet 
 in thickness (including the magnesian beds), and the Chazy 
 about 450, in Central Kentucky. Composed mostly of differ- 
 ent shades of mottled and dove-colored limestones, the two to- 
 gether are readily distinguished, in the drillings, by the abrupt 
 change from the gray limestones of the upper beds, but can not 
 so easily be distinguished from each other, the separation of 
 the two. not being a matter of much importance to the driller 
 anyway. The characteristic color of these limestones is very 
 persistent and shows plainly in all wells drilled deep enough 
 to reach them in Central Kentucky, as far north as Cincinnati 
 and as far south as Pulaski and Wayne counties; and in Estill 
 county to the east and Cumberland county to the southwest. 
 The top of the Birdseye seems to be marked, over a large area 
 in Kentucky, by a bed of light green shale from three to ten 
 feet thick. Drillings from a deep well in Estill county show 
 it there as a light green, shaly sand. It shows above the Birds- 
 eye at High Bridge as a light green clay, and in the Wayne 
 county field as a white clay. In the wells of the Cumberland 
 county fields, a light green shale — the so-called “green pencil 
 cave” of the drillers — may possibly be at this horizon. The base 
 of the Trenton group is marked, generally, by an abrupt change 
 from the limestones and dolomites to a fine-grained, white, cal- 
 
 See map No. 2 accompanying - this report. 
 
42 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 ciferous rock, with often a bed of very hard, greenish-white 
 sandstone or quartzite at the to.p. 
 
 In the counties bordering on the Tennessee line and the Cum- 
 berland river, the thickness and character of the rocks compos- 
 ing the lower part of the Trenton group changes, and they more 
 nearly resemble the section of the same group in the central 
 basin of Tennessee, as they approach the State line. In Eastern 
 Tennessee there is a great development of limestones, dolomites 
 and shales over a sandstone, the three forming what is there 
 known as the Knox group; the upper member of this, com- 
 posed mostly of dolomites and limestones, is the Knox Dolo- 
 mite of Safford. These East Tennessee rocks thin very rapidly 
 to the north and northwest, and the shales become calcareous, 
 but the Knox Dolomite, showing as light and dark gray and 
 very dark limestones and dolomites, is still present under the 
 surface rocks of Western Tennessee, and, coming northward, 
 crosses the line into Kentucky and is present, but in rapidly 
 reducing thickness, in the counties bordering on the State line 
 and possibly a little farther north. The Knox Dolomite belongs 
 above the Calciferous in the vertical section and part of it at 
 least, if not all, in the rocks of the Trenton period (Safford 
 describing the fossils of the Knox in Tennessee as interming- 
 ling with those of the higher rocks, with no possibility of a line 
 between them), and its presence in Southern Kentucky, as dem- 
 onstrated by well records, adds an additional thickness there 
 to the section of the rocks of the Trenton period as given above 
 for Central Kentucky. In Wayne county, the total thickness 
 of rocks between the Black Shale and the Calciferous is about 
 1,600 feet; the Hudson is about 550 feet, and the Trenton, Birds- 
 eye and Chazy about 800, making 1,350 feet in all, thus leaving 
 225 to 250 feet of rocks — dark magnesian limestones — below 
 the base of the Chazy and above the Calciferous, and represent- 
 ing the thinning Knox Dolomite in that section. How far 
 north of Wayne county these lower rocks extend can not be 
 told at present, but probably not far, as they are thinning rap- 
 idly to the north and are gone before they reach Central Ken- 
 tucky. In Bussell county, the total thickness between the Black 
 Shale and the Calciferous is again about 1,600 feet, and the 
 thickness of the whole Trenton group (including the rocks 
 under the Chazy) is about 930 feet. The lowest rocks 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 43 
 
 are there beginning to show a change in character 
 which becomes still more pronounced to the west and along 
 the lower Cumberland river, agreeing more closely with the 
 outcrop of the lowest rocks of the Trenton group in the cen- 
 tral basin of Tennessee. In the reports on Tennessee', Salford 
 gives the exposed portion of the Trenton group in the central 
 basin as about 550 feet thick — probably the whole group in- 
 cluding what is below drainage — not more than 650 feet at 
 the most, if that much, and the Knox Dolomite underlying that. 
 In Russell county records the rocks of the Trenton group have 
 not thinned down that much, and it is probable that the lower 
 92 feet, at least, shown in the record, belong to the Knox Dol- 
 omite, although the line between the Knox and Chazv is very 
 hard to draw in all these lower counties. Deep wells in Bar- 
 ren county also show the character of these lower rocks, but 
 do not go deep enough to go through them. In, the Bowling- 
 Green well a ten-foot bed of characteristic dove-colored lime- 
 stone shows at 900 feet below the Black Shale and marks the 
 top of the Birdseye, but the limestones below that have changed 
 completely in character. The well does not go deep enough to 
 much more than go through the Birdseye 1 , but the change is 
 so great that the base of the Birdseye can not be given. In 
 the Cumberland county wells, which all start in the Hudson 
 (which is there only about 400 feet thick), and have their depth 
 entirely in Hudson and Trenton rocks, the change in character 
 and thickness of the lower part of the rooks of the Trenton 
 group is still more pronounced. The records show a long list 
 of limestones, of varying color and hardness, a green “pencil 
 cave” being the most constant feature found. This “pencil 
 cave^ is about 700 feet below the base of the Black Shale and 
 possibly marks the top of the Birdseye limestone. Two records 
 are given which show 1,000 feet of rocks below the pencil cave 
 (making about 1,700 feet below the Black Shale) and the bot- 
 tom still in limestone. When it is considered that the Hudson 
 here is probably not more than 450 feet thick, it is apparent 
 that there have been about 1,250 feet of limestones drilled 
 through below the top of the Trenton (with an oil-sand nearly 
 1,000 feet below the top of the Trenton), and the base of the 
 limestone series still not reached. The Trenton group in Cen- 
 tral Kentucky (where the Knox Dolomite is gone) is about 800 
 
44 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 feet thick, the increased thickness of over 500 feet here appar- 
 ently belonging to the Knox Dolomite, which outcrops farther 
 to the southwest in Tennessee. The exact lines here between 
 the base of the Chazy and the top of the Knox can not be drawn 
 in the records. Much of the trouble in distinguishing these 
 lines may be due to descriptions given by different drillers 
 and may be entirely cleared up when samples of the drillings 
 from this field are available. Such drillings as have been saved 
 show the Birdseye and Chazy limestones as practically un- 
 changed in character from what they show in Central Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 The Trenton limestones have been the source of enormous 
 supplies of oil and gas in Ohio and Indiana, but, until recently, 
 have not been productive in Kentucky (unless the oil from 
 some of the old Cumberland river wells came from the Tren- 
 ton), although it can not be said that they have been tested in 
 many places. More recently, however, wells in Wayne county 
 have produced oil from the lower Sunnybrook sand, at a depth 
 of about 550 to 600 feet below the Black Shale, which must come 
 from the upper part of the Trenton, and in Clinton and Barren 
 counties some oil and gas has been found at about the same 
 place and still farther down, while in Cumberland county a 
 number of good producing wells have been recently drilled, 
 striking the oil at several different horizons, all of which (with 
 the exception of the most shallow horizons in a few of the wells, 
 which were in the lower part of the Hudson) were in the Tren- 
 ton group. Judging from the results in the above-mentioned 
 counties, it may reasonably be expected to find productive ter- 
 ritory in the rocks of the Trenton group, not only in other parts 
 of these counties, but also in other counties bordering on the 
 Cumberland river as well, and possibly in other parts of the 
 State where the Trenton may be within reaching distance and 
 other conditions favorable. 
 
 THE CALCIFEROUS. 
 
 Immediately below the Trenton group in this State is found 
 a fine grained, white, porous, sandy limestone, with sometimes 
 a hard, greenish- white sandstone or quartzite at the top. It 
 has been drilled into at a number of points, always showing 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 46 
 
 approximately the same characteristics. Its thickness, as shown 
 by a well at Frankfort, is not less than TOO feet. The Cal- 
 ciferous has nearly always, when drilled into in Kentucky, 
 proved the source of strong brines and mineral waters, the “Blue 
 Lick” water of Central Kentucky being ascribed to this for- 
 mation, and the water from the St. Patrick well at Louisville 
 probably coming from it also. Nowhere in Kentucky, so far 
 as known, with the exception of a well on White Oak creek in 
 Estill county, has the Caiciferous given definite promise as a 
 producer of oil or gas, and in the light of present development 
 the prospect for any from this formation seems very small; 
 at the same time, older rocks have produced gas (a flow from 
 a well in New York being credited to the Potsdam sandstone), 
 and the facts that these rocks are porous and carry brines, 
 would go to prove that accumulations of gas and oil in them 
 are not a matter of impossibility. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Oil Sands Corresponding to the Different 
 Formations. 
 
 The Conglomerate Series. 
 
 BEAVER, HORTON, PIKE AND SALT SANDS. 
 
 In Floyd, Knott, Pike aud Martin counties considerable drill- 
 ing has been done, and the Conglomerate series shown to be 
 strongly developed, averaging from 600 to 1,000 feet in thick- 
 ness and consisting of a series of alternating sandstones, shales 
 and slates, with some included coals. These beds of sand and 
 shale are quite variable in number and thickness, the sands, es- 
 pecially, changing rapidly in thickness or breaking up by the 
 intervention of beds of shale ; but the drill has developed four 
 well-marked and fairly persistent sands, which have been given 
 local names of Beaver, Horton, Pike and Salt sands, all of 
 them producing, in places, either oil, gas or salt water. In this 
 
46 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Conglomerate series is found the oil field of Floyd and Knott 
 counties, producing the Whitehouse oil, which is piped to mar- 
 ket and has heretofore commanded a higher price than any 
 other Kentucky oil. This Conglomerate group is so variable 
 and changes so rapidly in a short distance, that any detailed 
 description of these sands can hardly be given. The records 
 of drilled wells-, given later on, will show more clearly their 
 order and thickness. 
 
 WAGES, JONES AND EPPERSON SANDS. 
 
 In Knox and Whitley counties the Conglomerate measures 
 average about 800 to 900 feet thick and present about the same 
 characteristics as in Floyd, Knott, Pike and Martin, with the 
 exception that the sands are much closer to the surface and 
 seem to be somewhat more broken by intervening beds of slate. 
 Three sands have been developed as producers, the Wages, 
 Jones and Epperson, with a fourth lower dow T n shown in some 
 Avells, but not named. These four sands correspond approxi- 
 mately with the four previously described in the Floyd and 
 Knott field. In Knox considerable confusion has been caused 
 by the manner in which the sands are frequently cut out, and it 
 is quite probable that the sands themselves have often been 
 mistaken, the one for the other, by the drillers-. Most of the 
 drilling in Knox has been to these shallow sands and it can not 
 be said that the prospect for long-lived w r ells in these sands 
 is very flattering. A few 7 deeper wells have been drilled, but 
 records of most of them are not available. A record of a deep 
 well at Gray’s Station is given and enough other records to 
 show the average section and the positions of the sands. 
 
 Waverly Group. 
 
 BIG INJUN, KEENER AND SQUAW SANDS. 
 
 The Big Injun group lies directly under the Maun tan Lime- 
 stone and generally separated from it by a thin bed of slate. 
 In its full development it would show 7 as follow's: 
 
 Mountain Lime — St. Louis L. S. Group. 
 
 Slate, 
 
 Sand Keener, 
 
 Slate, 
 
 Sand Big Injun, 
 
 Slate, 
 
 Sand Squaw, 
 
 „ Big Injun Group. 
 
 J 
 
No, 5. Big Injun Sand on Brush creek, ,L. & N. Railroad, Rockcastle County. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 47 
 
 The members of the Big Injun group vary very 
 considerably, both in thickness and character, and one 
 or more of them are generally absent, the full group 
 as represented above rarely showing. When separated, 
 the first sand at the top becomes the Keener, the 
 second sand the Big Injun, and the third, or bottom sand, 
 the Squaw, of the Ohio and West Virginia fields. In Ken- 
 tucky the Big Injun has been definitely recognized in Pike and 
 Martin counties, where it is a source of gas in large quantities, 
 and in Magoffin, Johnson, Knox and Whitley counties. In a 
 well near Barboursville, in Knox county, it gave a large dew 
 of gas at about 1,400 feet. In Whitley county it shows in the 
 well records at about 1,300 feet, and in Rockcastle county can 
 be seen in outcrop along the L. & N. R. R. a few miles north 
 of Livingston. Plate No. 5, taken at Brush Creek, on the L. 
 & N. Railroad, north of Livingston, Rockcastle county, 
 shows the full thickness (about 30 feet) of the Big 
 Injun on outcrop. Plate No. 6 gives an enlarged 
 view of the heavy sandstone ledge at the base. The 
 group there consists of the above-mentioned heavy 
 ledge at the base, with thinner sandstone ledges above and a 
 yellow, limy sandstone at the top. The whole group is sepa- 
 rated from the overlying St. Louis by about 40 feet of material, 
 part of which is slate and part covered. At the base of the 
 group is a soft shale. It would seem from the records of drilled 
 wells that the Big Injun will be found, of varying thickness, but 
 always present, in the counties above named and probably also 
 in all the counties south of a line roughly drawn from the 
 northern part of Martin county, to Mt. Vernon, in Rockcastle 
 county, and as far west as the southern part of Wayne and 
 Clinton counties. Its position in the wells in the above counties 
 will be shown later on in the records given of wells drilled in 
 those counties. 
 
 In this connection it might be well to mention a sand which 
 is found in Carter, Boyd, Rowan, Morgan and possibly some 
 other adjoining counties, which comes a little lower down in the 
 Waverly — farther below the St. Louis limestone than the Big 
 Injun should be 1 — which nearly always shows more or less oil, 
 gas or salt water, and may possibly represent the Big Injun 
 in those counties. In Boyd county wells this sandstone gave 
 gas and salt water; in Morgan county it gave oil shows over 
 
48 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 a vertical distance of 150 feet, and at the same horizon in 
 Breathitt county, a strong flow of salt water. It can be seen 
 in outcrop near Gates on the C. & O. R. R., in Rowan county. 
 If not the Big Injun sand, it is not far below it in position 
 and is certainly well worth watching in any drilling done where 
 it is under cover. 
 
 THE CLOVERPORT GAS SAND. 
 
 Detailed descriptions of the Cloverport gas field are given in 
 reports of the Kentucky Geological Survey on the “Geology 
 of Breckenridge County” and on “Petroleum, Gas, Etc., in 
 Western Kentucky.” The gas “sand” is an open, porous, dark 
 gray limestone about fifteen feet thick, found in the Keokuk 
 division of the Waverly group, at a depth of 872 feet below 
 the surface. It corresponds very closely in position to the gas- 
 bearing rocks of Warren county described in Dr. Orton’s report 
 cited herein, and has proved to be the source of a rather 
 long-lived field at Cloverport. Comparatively little drilling 
 has been done in the counties of Western Kentucky, where 
 this sand is to be found under cover and at a moderate depth, 
 and future work along the lines of some of the numerous folds 
 which are to be found there may yet develop important fields 
 from this horizon. 
 
 THE BEREA GRIT. 
 
 The Berea Grit, next to the Trenton limestone, has proved 
 to be the most productive oil sand in Ohio., but has not been 
 tested to any great extent in the Kentucky fields. It is the 
 first heavy sandstone lying above the Devonian shales, and, 
 under cover, extends over a large territory in Ohio, Kentucky 
 and West Virginia. Under cover, it is nearly always the source 
 of more or less oil, gas or salt water, while, on outcrop it gives 
 valuable quarries of building stones and flagstones', the well- 
 known Rowan county freestone quarries along the C. & O. Rail- 
 road being in this formation. Plate No. 7, taken at one of the 
 quarries near Farmer’s, Rowan county, shows these ledges of 
 freestone. As exposed there, the Berea lies just above the Black 
 Shale and consists of ledges of fine-grained sandstone of dif- 
 ferent thicknesses, the ledges separated by thin beds of shale 
 and quarrying with great regularity. Over the Berea Grit 
 
No. 6. Heavy ledge at base of Big Injun Sand in Rockcastle County. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 49 
 
 lies a bed of very black shale, the Berea Shale, averaging about 
 ten feet in thickness and strongly resembling the Devonian 
 Black Shale. This black Berea Shale forms a valuable land- 
 mark to the driller, drilling very black and soft, the Berea 
 Grit coming just beneath it and between it and the Devonian 
 Black Shale. The Berea Grit crosses the Ohio river in the 
 eastern part of Lewis county, and outcrops in an irregular line 
 as far south as Powell county, beyond which point it may 
 still occur, but has not been seen.* The following section of the 
 rocks in Lewis county shows its position and thickness there: 
 
 Thick- 
 
 ness. 
 
 Thin, shaly sandstones to top of hill. 190 
 
 “Buena Vista” building stones 140 
 
 Red and green shales 15 
 
 Covered (shales and thin S. S.’s).... 30 
 
 Black Berea STiale 10 to 15 
 
 Berea Grit (“Rowan County Stone”). . 75 
 
 Covered 10 
 
 Gray clay shales 15 
 
 Black shale 40 
 
 Light dove-colored and light-green 
 
 shales 40 
 
 Black shale 170 
 
 Magnesian limestones 50 
 
 Light-colored shales about 100 
 
 Total 
 
 Height. 
 
 885 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 695 
 555 
 540 
 
 510 fWaverly. 
 
 500 
 425 
 415 
 400") 
 
 ^-Devonian Shales. 
 320 J 
 
 j Corniferous and 
 ( Upper Silurian. 
 100 Niagara Shale. 
 
 150 
 
 In Rowan county the Berea Grit is the freestone which is 
 quarried on the C. & O. R. R. at Farmer, Freestone and Rock- 
 ville. At Farmer the Black Shale shows with its. base just about 
 at the river and the Berea is in the quarry on top of the hill ; 
 going east, the quarries get closer down to the railroad with 
 the southeasterly dip of the rocks, the Black Shale going be- 
 neath drainage about half way between Farmer and Morehead; 
 while the top of the Berea, with the overlying Berea shale, goes 
 under at a point about two miles west of Morehead, to be suc- 
 ceeded by the ledges of the overlying Buena Vista between that 
 point and Morehead. 
 
 West of the Licking river the Berea Grit has almost entirely 
 disappeared. To the south it shows, very thin and patchy, 
 along the L. & E. Railroad, above Clay City, but was not seen at 
 all in Estill county, and that may prove to be its extreme 
 southern limit. It is interesting to note, at this point, that the 
 
 ♦See map No. 2 accompanying this report. 
 
50 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Beaver and Cooper sands of Wayne county are found at just 
 about the same place in the section as the Berea Grit is farther 
 north, and that through all the southern tier of Kentucky coun- 
 ties, as far west as the southern edge of Wayne county, and also 
 in the northern counties of Tennessee, as far as Fentress coun- 
 ty, an oil-bearing horizon is found at about the same place. 
 
 Under cover, the Berea Grit will be found in all the counties 
 east of an irregular line drawn from the mouth of Kinniconick 
 creek in Lewis county to Torrent on the L. & E. Railroad, and 
 north of a line from Campton to Prestonsburg on the Big Sandy 
 river, but at increasing depths in proportion to its distance to 
 the east. In the counties farther south it is probably not pres- 
 ent, although but little drilling has been done to test it. In the 
 extreme eastern and southeastern counties of the State the 
 Berea if present, would be at a considerable depth, owing to the 
 increased thickness of the Conglomerate series and the dip of 
 the rocks. Its position will be shown in records, given farther 
 on, of Avells at Portsmouth and Ironton, Ohio, and in Boyd, 
 Carter, Lawrence, Rowan, Morgan and Martin counties. 
 
 The Berea in Kentucky is of closer, finer grain than in Ohio, 
 but wherever drilled through, shows more or less gas or oil, 
 and as drilling progresses in the eastern counties, may prove 
 to possess valuable oil fields within its limits. 
 
 The Devonian. 
 
 THE BLACK SHALE. 
 
 The Black Shale, wherever tested under cover, carries a large 
 percentage of oil disseminated through it and furnishes the oil 
 for numerous oil springs along its outcrop. When drilled 
 through, it often gives shows of oil and gas all the way through 
 it, especially at points where a hard layer in the shale forms 
 a cap or shell. In other States it has been found to be a reser- 
 voir for low-pressure gas in moderate quantities, but in Ken- 
 tucky it has, so far, with but one notable exception, given 
 neither gas nor oil in large amounts. The structure of the 
 shale itself is not favorable for the accumulation of oil in reser- 
 voirs unless somewhere a sandstone should be found imbedded 
 in it. 
 
 The exception above referred to is the well-known Meade 
 county field, where gas was found in the Black Shale and piped 
 to Louisville. The gas there seems to be in direct contact with 
 
No. 7. Berea Sandstone in quarry near Farmers, Rowan County. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 61 
 
 salt water, little or no oil coming in the wells. A detailed de- 
 scription of this 1 field is given in a report on the geology of 
 Meade county, by Dr. Loughridge, Kentucky Geological Sur- 
 vey.* 
 
 THE RAGLAND SAND. 
 
 The general features of the Corniferous Limestone and its 
 approximate line of outcrop have already been given on a pre- 
 ceding page. Its importance in this State is due to the fact 
 that it is the source of a large supply of gas in one field (the 
 Menefee county field) and of the oil in two. well-developed oil 
 fields — the Ragland field in Bath county and the Estiil county 
 field, near Irvine, and that it may, under cover, develop more in 
 the future. Much confusion among operators and drillers has 
 been caused by the identification of the Ragland sand as Clin- 
 ton when the Bath county field was being developed. Since that 
 identification, much drilling has been done in Eastern Ken- 
 tucky in search of the Clinton sand, supposing it to be the same 
 as the Ragland, whereas the two are entirely different and 
 separated from each other by a mass of soft, light-colored shales 
 — the Niagara shales — with sometimes the Niagara limestone 
 also showing on top of the shales. In the Bath county field 
 records of veils, in almost every instance, showed a bed of 
 what the drillers called soft white “fire-clay,” averaging six to 
 eight feet in thickness, near the base of the Devonian Black 
 Shale and but a short distance above the oil-sand. This white 
 clay was taken to be the Niagara shales cut down in thickness, 
 and the underlying oil rock, which was a limestone, to. be the 
 next limestone in the descending order or Clinton. As a matter 
 of fact, the Niagara shales have thickened considerably there 
 instead of being cut down, showing a thickness of about 125 
 feet, on outcrop only a few miles away. The fact that the De- 
 vonian Black Shale often contains beds of soft, nearly white 
 shale, not only near the base but higher up in the section as 
 well, and the additional fact that wherever the white “fire- 
 clay” was drilled through in the wells, the drillers reported im- 
 mediately under it and between it and the oil rock, about ten 
 feet of dark brown shale, was entirely overlooked, and the oil 
 
 *This report, which was prepared during 1 the administration of the late John 
 R. Procter, has not yet been published. It will be brought to date and sent to 
 press within a few months. — C. J. N. 
 
62 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 rock called Clinton when it should have been classed as Cornif- 
 erous. An average record of the Avells in Bath county taken 
 from the records of about fifty wells would be about as follows : 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale .... 
 White “fire clay” 
 Brown shale . . . 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 Thick- 
 ness. Depth. 
 .20 20 ) 
 
 .167 187 J 
 
 .205 392S 
 
 .8 400 
 
 . 12 412 J 
 
 . 14 426 i 
 
 Formation. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Devonian — Cornifer- 
 ous L. S. 
 
 A section taken on the outcrop about eight miles northwest 
 of the Ragland field, and starting on the Clinton iron ore and 
 going up into the Waverly, gave : 
 
 Thick- Total 
 ness. Height. 
 
 Shales and sands to top of hill .. 430 
 
 Gray sands and shales 55 417 
 
 Sand ledge 2 362 
 
 Gray shales 25 360 
 
 Hard sand ledge 6" 
 
 Soft black shale 15 335 
 
 White clay shale 10 320 
 
 Black shale 35 310 
 
 White and gray clay shale 10 275 
 
 Black and brown shales 110 265 
 
 White clay shales about 5 155 
 
 Dark-brown shale 10 150 
 
 White clay shale 2' 140 
 
 Corniferous limestone 4 138 
 
 Niagara shales about 125 134 
 
 Clinton limestones and shales 9 9 
 
 Top of Clinton iron ore 0 
 
 Formation. 
 
 1 
 
 ^ Waverly. 
 
 r” Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 j- Clinton. 
 
 On this outcrop the Corniferous has begun to thin 
 down (as mentioned under heading of “Corniferous” 
 on a preceding page), showing and disappearing 
 again, from the C. & O. Railroad north to the 
 
 Ohio river and across to Highland county, Ohio. The section 
 shows too. plainly for any doubt, that the bed of white “fire- 
 clay” of the drillers was the bed at 150 to 155 in the above 
 section, underlaid in the wells as in the section by ten to twelve 
 feet of brown Devonian shale, and that the oil rock under that 
 was the Corniferous limestone. As additional evidence that 
 the Ragland sand is Corniferous and not Clinton, attention 
 is called to records of wells drilled in the Bath county field 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SuiiVEY. 
 
 53 
 
 through the Niagara and down to lower depths. These records 
 will be given later on under Bath county wells and they show 
 not only the “fire-clay” with the brown shale under it> and the 
 Bagland sand (Corniferous) under that, but also the Niagara 
 shales under the Ragland and developed to an unusual thick- 
 ness. 
 
 Estill County Field . — In the field, near Irvine, the majority 
 of the wells start below the Waverly in the Black Shale itself, 
 and strike the oil-rock at depths o.f from 70 to 90 feet. The 
 white shale (white fire-clay of the drillers) shows in places 
 near the base of the Black Shale and above the oil rock, as at 
 Ragland, and in other parts of the field is cut out. The oil rock 
 is the Corniferous and shows in outcrop about a mile west of 
 the oil field, along the railroad and in the town of Irvine, un- 
 derlaid by the Niagara shales in considerable thickness, prob- 
 ably 75 to 85 feet of the latter showing in a drain between, the 
 railroad depot and Irvine. In the wells a white limestone carry- 
 ing fresh water is reported directly under the oil rock. An 
 examination of the outcrop proved this to be the bottom ledge 
 of the Corniferous. (As explained on a preceding page, by 
 Corniferous here is meant the whole limestone formation from 
 the top of the Niagara shale to the base of the Black Shale. The 
 lower two or three ledges may belong to the “Water Lime” of 
 Ohio, and the Niagara limestone, below the Corniferous proper.) 
 
 This Estill county field illustrates very nicely the anticlinal 
 theory of the storage of oil in the rocks. Just at the edge of 
 Irvine on the east is the top of what was an anticlinal fold, but 
 one which broke at the top. Between the railroad 
 bridge over the river and the crossing at Main street, 
 the Corniferous is exposed in the railroad cuts with 
 the Black Shale over it and the Niagara Shale under 
 it. Near the bridge, a fault brings the Black Shale down 
 close to the river ; between the bridge and town several small 
 faults show, but the rocks are nearly horizontal ; at the Main 
 street crossing the Corniferous shows in a cut on the west side 
 and a fault or uplift shows very plainly at the same place. This 
 fault brings the top of the Niagara shale on the east side of 
 Main street above the level of the top of the Corniferous on the 
 west side of the street. From this point the rocks seem to rise 
 very slightly to the east for a short distance, then bend and fall 
 
64 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 rapidly to the east (the Corniferous being below the river at the 
 oil field) and form a long monocline with its axis just east of Ir- 
 vine and the oil field still farther east and down the slope. 
 Wells drilled on this monocline show, near the axis, dry holes ; 
 farther down the dip, oil ; still farther down, oil, underlaid by 
 fresh water, and still farther down the slope salt water alone. 
 The fresh water has evidently come in from the river, and the 
 contents of the rocks have arranged themselves in order of their 
 specific gravity, the salt water below and the oil above, the lat- 
 ter rising up the dip only far enough to keep ahead of the water, 
 and wells above that point giving no oil. 
 
 1. Devonian Black Shale; 2. Corniferous L. S. — Ragland Sand; 3. Niagara 
 Shale. Well at A, dry; well at B, some oil; well at C, oil and fresh water; well 
 at D. oil and salt water; well at E, salt water. 
 
 As stated on a preceding page, the Corniferous, which al- 
 ready has two oil fields and a gas field to its credit, underlies 
 a large area, extending from its outcrop and from the Ohio 
 river, east and south, to an unknown distance, and somewhere 
 within this area may give other profitable fields in the future. 
 As it goes east, however, its depth below the surface rapidly 
 increases and it soon gets too far below to reach. Professor 
 White has identified it in a well near Huntington, W. Va., at 
 a depth of 2,770 feet. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 65 
 
 The Clinton. 
 
 THE CLINTON SAND. 
 
 The Clinton underlies a very large area in Kentucky and 
 has been drilled through in a great number of wells, often show- 
 ing more or less oil and gas, but so far, nothing worthy of spe- 
 cial note except in the Morgan county field and possibly the 
 Wolfe county or Camp ton field.* In Morgan county, it is the 
 source of a high-grade green oil and gives a field of much prom- 
 ise. The “oil-sand,” as found in Morgan county, lies about forty 
 feet below the base of the Black Shale and near the top of the 
 Clinton group. Under the Black Shale is found a few feet of 
 Corniferous limestone, and under that about thirty feet of soft 
 Niagara shales. Directly under the Niagara shale is an ex- 
 ceedingly hard, dense, impure limestone cap, varying from three 
 to eight feet in thickness, and under that the oil-sand, the latter 
 about thirty-five feet thick and consisting of a firm gray rock, 
 yjartly sand, but cemented together with lime, and quite po- 
 rous. It varies considerably in hardness in different parts of its 
 thickness, two or three “pay” streaks being quite soft, and the 
 rest of it rather hard. The extent of territory underlaid by the 
 sand, in the form in which it is found here, is unknown, but lit- 
 tle drilling having been done in the counties to the east and 
 south. 
 
 The Hudson Group. 
 
 THE CANEY SAND. 
 
 The principal development of this sand so far has been in 
 Morgan county, on Caney creek, and at West Liberty, but. it 
 has also been found productive in Breathitt county and at 
 Campton in Wolfe county. The “sand” is a bed of open, porous 
 sandstone, sometimes gray and sometimes white, included 
 in the limestone series of the upper part of the 
 Hudson group, and under a dense, close-grained, im- 
 pure limestone cap. This cap is from three* to five feet in thick- 
 
 *See note under record of Wolfe county wells. 
 
56 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 ness and very hard. The sand is found on Caney creek at 1,525 
 to 1,600 feet below the surface and 125 feet below the base of 
 the Niagara shale. Its position on the geological scale is be- 
 low the Clinton and not far below the top of the Hudson. This 
 sand is shown in outcrop in Montgomery, Clark and Madison 
 counties and is oil-bearing even on outcrop. The Caney sand 
 in Morgan county is the source of high-pressure gas and an ex- 
 cellent quality of green oil, but not enough development has 
 been done to determine the extent of territory underlaid by it, 
 or test its productiveness. There is a large area in the western 
 tier of counties of the Eastern Coal-field where this sand can 
 easily be reached by the drill and where, as yet, little drilling 
 has been done. In the eastern part of the coal-field the thick- 
 ening of the Conglomerate measures and the Devonian shales 
 to the southeast, combined with the dip of the rocks in the same 
 direction, have put this sand at depths too great to be reached. 
 
 Wayne County Sands. 
 
 THE STRAY, BEAVER, COOPER, ETC. 
 
 In the Wayne fields oil and gas are found at a number of 
 horizons below the St, Louis limestones. Most of the wells 
 start either in the St. Louis or the Keokuk division of the Wa- 
 verly group. 
 
 The highest oil rock in the scale, so far as known at present, 
 is what is known there as the “Stray” sand, which is found in 
 the Keokuk at a point about 250 feet above the Black Shale. It 
 is by no means regular as an oil producer, but has produced 
 oil in sufficient quantities to make it worthy of note, being cred- 
 ited with about 9,000 barrels at one point. The oil from this 
 rock is a black, heavy oil, quite different, from the other Wayne 
 county oils. 
 
 At Mt. Pisgah, wells have been drilled which are producing 
 large volumes of gas. If the records of the wells are correct, 
 this gas was struck at a depth of about 260 feet and about 170 
 feet above the Black Shale, which would make it in the Waverlv 
 group, but at a different horizon from any other known. 
 
 The best-known and largest producing oil-sand in the coun- 
 ty, and, at present, the largest producer in the State, is the next 
 in descending order — the Beaver-Cooper-Otter-Slickford sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 57 
 
 It is found near the base of the Waverly, averaging probably 
 forty feet above the top of the Black Shale. Between it and the 
 Black Shale is generally a bed of very dark slate, constituting 
 the base of the Waverly group. The Beaver averages about 
 fourteen to sixteen feet thick and, like all the other Wayne 
 county oil rocks, is a limestone, in places, however, carrying 
 some white sand mixed with the lime. 
 
 The next lower sand is the Sunnybrook, a horizon given as 
 about 330 to 350 feet below the Black Shale and evidently be- 
 longing in the lower part of the Hudson group and correspoud- 
 ing closely in position to an oil-bearing horizon found at about 
 the same place in the Hudson at a number of places in Ken- 
 tucky. In Wayne the Sunnybrook is commonly called 150 to 
 200 feet thick and an oil obtained at a depth of about 600 feet 
 below the black shale is credited to the same rock and also 
 called Sunnybrook oil. When the records of wells in Wayne 
 and some of the other river counties are compared, however, 
 it will readily be seen that they constitute two different sands — 
 the upper and lower Sunnybrook. The first would belong to the 
 lower part of the Hudson and the other in the upper part of the 
 Trenton group. 
 
 A sand (sometimes a sandy limestone) is present in the 
 southern edge of Wayne county, which is just about at the 
 place of the Big Injun, and probably represents that group. 
 Not enough development has been done in that part of the 
 county where it is under best cover, to- tell whether it can be 
 classed among the producers in this county or not. 
 
 In Record No. 2 of the Wayne county wells, given later 
 on, is shown a. sand with a show of oil near the bottom of the 
 Trenton group and only a short distance above the top of the 
 Calciferous. So far as known, this is, with a single exception, 
 the deepest oil-sand vet found in Kentucky, but, as it is not 
 shown in other deep well records, not much importance can, 
 at present, be attached to it. 
 
58 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 The Trenton. 
 
 CUMBERLAND RIVER SANDS. 
 
 The oil-producing horizons of the Trenton group are plainly 
 shown in the records given of wells drilled in the Cumberland 
 river counties, to which section the productive area of the 
 Trenton group is, as yet, limited. 
 
 An examination of the records of wells producing oil from 
 the rocks of the Trenton group shows that, with the possible 
 exception of the lower Sunnybrook, which seems to be fairly 
 constant, there is no fixed horizon at which oil or gas is found, 
 wells in close proximity to each other producing oil at depths 
 ranging from 240 to 850 feet, with no one definite point at which 
 oil may be expected in drilling. The initial production of some 
 of these wells has been quite large, but whether a formation 
 showing so much irregularity in its productive horizons may 
 be depended on to prove long lived, can not be told. 
 
 The Calciferous. 
 
 WHITE OAK SAND OF ESTILL COUNTY. 
 
 The Calciferous until quite recently has not been known as a 
 gas or oil-bearing rock, it generally producing strong brines and 
 mineral waters where drilled into. A well recently drilled 
 at Elizabethtown, in Hardin county, has produced some gas 
 from this formation at a depth of 2,300 feet. There is a flow 
 of Blue Lick water also in this well. Another well, on White 
 Oak creek, in Estill county, has dry gas from the same forma- 
 tion, at a depth of about 1,940 feet. The gas from this well 
 has quite a high rock-pressure and a reported measurement by 
 a Pitot’s tube gave a volume of a little over 300,000 cubic feet 
 per day. A second well, just completed, on White Oak creek, 
 struck a strong show of oil in the Calciferous at a little greater 
 depth than the gas in the first well. The drilling was carried 
 a little deeper and a strong flow of salt water encountered. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 69 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 WELL RECORDS. 
 
 Below are given a number of authentic records of drilled 
 wells, arranged in order of the counties in which they were 
 drilled. These were selected from a large number of records 
 to give, as far as possible, typical well records of the forma- 
 tions passed through in the respective counties. The records 
 are written just as given by the drillers; the identification of 
 the sands and the names of the formations are made by the 
 writer. In these, as in all records of drilled wells, allowance 
 must be made for errors of drillers in naming rocks, (hard 
 white sand, for instance, often being called “lime,” and vice 
 versa), and for omissions to note changes in the nature of 
 strata passed through. 
 
 BATH COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand (limestone) 
 
 No. 2 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 White fire-clay . 
 Brown shale . . . . , 
 
 Oil-sand 
 
 No. 3 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale .... 
 White fire-clay . 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 160 
 
 180 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 206 
 
 386 ' 
 
 | 
 
 7 
 
 393 
 
 > Devonian Shales. 
 
 13 
 
 406 _ 
 
 f 
 
 19 
 
 425 J 
 
 / 
 
 j Corniferous — Ragland 
 j sand. 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 
 61 
 
 95 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 300 " 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 306 
 
 t Devonian Shales. 
 
 14 
 
 320 _ 
 
 f 
 
 24 
 
 344 \ 
 
 j Corniferous — Ragland 
 1 sand. 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 
 60 
 
 97 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 302 - 
 
 ) 
 
 6 
 
 308 
 
 V Devonian Shales. 
 
 14 
 
 322 
 
 f 
 
 24 
 
 346 J 
 
 [ Corniferous — Ragland 
 1 sand. 
 
60 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 4 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Lime 40 40 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 503 543 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 748 ^1 
 
 White fire-clay 8 756 [-Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 768 J 
 
 Oil sand 18 786 Ragland (Corniferous). 
 
 No. 5 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 No, 6 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay . . 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 15 
 
 15 I 
 
 I 
 
 533 
 
 548 i 
 
 L averly. 
 
 205 
 
 753 ' 
 
 ) 
 
 8 
 
 761 
 
 [-Devonian Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 773 , 
 
 J 
 
 18 
 
 791 “ 
 
 Ragland (Corniferous) 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 607 
 
 647 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 852" 
 
 | 
 
 8 
 
 860 
 
 ^Devonian Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 872 _ 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 887 ' 
 
 Ragland (Corniferous), 
 
 No. 7 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 White fire-clay . 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 No. 8 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay . 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 No. 9 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay . . 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 18 
 
 173 
 
 18 | 
 191 j 
 
 - Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 396 "1 
 
 | 
 
 8 
 
 404 
 
 [-Devonian Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 416 j 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 426 
 
 Ragland (Corniferous), 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 503 
 
 543 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 748 ' 
 
 ) 
 
 8 
 
 756 
 
 [-Devonian Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 768 , 
 
 r 
 
 25 
 
 793 ' 
 
 Ragland (Corniferous), 
 
 20 
 
 141 
 
 20 
 
 161 
 
 j. Waverly. 
 
 
 205 
 
 366 ' 
 
 ) 
 
 
 8 
 
 374 
 
 [-Devonian 
 
 Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 386 _ 
 
 J 
 
 
 19 
 
 405 ’ 
 
 Ragland 
 
 (Corniferous) 
 
 No. 10 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Lime 
 
 White slate 
 Black shale 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 Brown shale 
 Oil sand 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 561 
 
 611 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 816’’ 
 
 | 
 
 8 
 
 824 
 
 [-Devonian Shales. 
 
 15 
 
 839 „ 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 870 
 
 Ragland (Corniferous). 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 61 
 
 The above ten records are of typical wells drilled into the 
 Ragland sand. Below are given records of wells in the same 
 field, drilled down deeper and showing a heavy bed of Niagara 
 shales under the Ragland sand. All are in the Ragland field. 
 
 No. 11 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 White fire-clay . , 
 Brown shale . . . . 
 Ragland sand . . . 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Second sand 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 ^ ^ £ Waverly 
 
 250 270 f waveriy * 
 
 205 475 
 
 8 483 i-Devonian STiales. 
 
 12 495 J 
 
 30 525 Corniferous L. S. 
 
 179 704 Niagara Shales. 
 
 20 724 Clinton. 
 
 No. 12 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Ragland sand (oil show) 
 
 Red mud 
 
 Second sand 
 
 Blue mud 
 
 Hard, red sand 
 
 Soft, gritty lime 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 15 
 145 
 
 28 
 
 157 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 96 
 
 , 15 
 160 
 
 188 
 
 345 
 
 355 
 
 380 
 
 388 
 
 404 
 
 500 
 
 Devonian (“fire-clay” at 
 base cut out). 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara Shales. 
 
 { Clinton “oil sand.” 
 Probably all Clinton. 
 
 [• Hudson. 
 
 The red sand at 380 to 388 may be Medina. 
 
 No. 13 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Gravel 56 56 
 
 Blue shale 607 663 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 868*) 
 
 White fire-clay 8 876 ^Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 888 J 
 
 Oil sand 30 918 Corniferous L. S. 
 
 Red mud 245 1,163 Niagara Shales. 
 
 Second sand 15 1,178 1 Clinton “oil sand.” 
 
 Mud 15 1,193 \ Clinton. 
 
 No. 14— Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay . . 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 Blue mud 
 
 Second sand 
 
 20 
 
 61 
 
 20 ; 
 81 
 
 j- Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 286 " 
 
 ) 
 
 8 
 
 294 
 
 ^Devonian Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 306 __ 
 
 f 
 
 missing 
 
 
 
 178 
 
 484 
 
 Niagara Shales. 
 
 10 
 
 494 
 
 Clinton “oil sand.” 
 
 Numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14 all show a bed of Niagara shales 
 of unusual thickness below the Ragland oil sand. 
 
62 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 ROWAN COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Butts farm. 
 
 Brown quicksand 
 
 25 
 
 25 D 
 
 Hard, white lime 
 
 50 
 
 75 I 
 
 Open, white lime 
 
 75 
 
 230 I 
 
 White shale 
 
 80 
 
 230 1 
 
 White lime 
 
 110 
 
 340 
 
 White shale 
 
 110 
 
 450 J 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 40 
 
 490 
 
 White sand 
 
 10 
 
 500 L 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 190 
 
 690 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 5 
 
 695 J 
 
 Ragland sand (salt water) 
 
 100 
 
 795 
 
 Red rock 
 
 50 
 
 845 
 
 White shale 
 
 55 
 
 900 J 
 
 Tiim** sh pills 
 
 200 
 
 1,100 I 
 1,560 ) 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 460 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 ^Devonian Shales. 
 
 Will include Ragland 
 and Niagara. 
 
 Clinton and Hudson. 
 
 Well is about down to top of Trenton. 
 
 No. 2 — Triplett Creek, 12 miles N. E. of Morehead. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Blue and green shales (gas at 171) 
 
 Mixed shales 
 
 Red rock 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Soft lime (oil and salt water) .... 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 62 
 
 67 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 10 
 
 77 
 
 Berea Shale. 
 
 94 
 
 171 -j 
 
 Gas at place of Berea 
 1 Grit. 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 200 1 
 206 j 
 
 - Bedford (?) 
 
 329 
 
 535 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 7 
 
 542 
 
 Corniferous (Ragland) 
 
 MENEFEE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — G. W. Gay farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Soil 
 
 5 
 
 r; - 
 
 Blue clay 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 White soapstone 
 
 90 
 
 105 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 50 
 
 155 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 10 
 
 165 ! 
 
 White soapstone 
 
 3 
 
 16S 
 
 Soft, blue slate 
 
 70 
 
 238 
 
 Hard, blue slate 
 
 94 
 
 332 4 
 
 Black shale 
 
 136 
 
 468 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 6 
 
 474 
 
 Hard, brown shale 
 
 7 
 
 481 
 
 Gas sand (gas) 
 
 19 
 
 500 | 
 
 -Waverly. 
 
 ’Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous — -Ragland 
 sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 63 
 
 No. 2 — Elijah Mynhier farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Soft, blue shale 
 
 Dark, hard lime 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Light soapstone 
 
 Dark, hard lime 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Light soapstone 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Light soapstone 
 
 Hard, dark slate 
 
 Soft, light slate 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Hard, black shale 
 
 ■» Soft, blue slate 
 
 Gas lime (gas) 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 10 
 
 10^1 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 10 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 145 
 
 10 
 
 155 
 
 4 
 
 159 
 
 16 
 
 175 
 
 46 
 
 221 
 
 22 
 
 243 
 
 5 
 
 248 
 
 9 
 
 257 
 
 18 
 
 275 
 
 23 
 
 298 
 
 5 
 
 303 > 
 
 137 
 
 440 " 
 
 12 
 
 452 ' 
 
 26 
 
 478 i 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 Corniferous L. S.- 
 
 No. 3— -Or. W. Poynter, No. 1. 
 
 Clay 6 6 
 
 Dark sandstone 144 150 
 
 Blue shale 220 370 
 
 Black shale 150- 520 
 
 Blue shale 8 528 
 
 Dark lime (gas at 530) 12 540 
 
 Light lime (gas, 542 to 563) 23 563 
 
 Blue shale 2 565 
 
 No. 4 — Cr. W. Poynter, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 7 7 
 
 Dark sandstone 79 86 
 
 Blue shale 194 280 
 
 Light shale 133 413 
 
 Black shale 144 557 
 
 Blue shale 6 563 
 
 Black shale 1 564 
 
 Dark lime 1 565 
 
 Gray lime (gas) 35 600 
 
 Black lime 1 601 
 
 Blue shale 3 604 
 
 A measurement by Pitot tube gave 1.191.816 
 cubic feet of gas in 24 hours. 
 
 No. 5 — T. E. Amburgy farm. 
 
 Clay 23 23 
 
 Blue sand 222 246 
 
 Pink shale 10 255 
 
 Blue shale 215 470 
 
 Gray lime 5 475 
 
 Blue shale 10 485 
 
 Black shale 165 650 
 
 Blue shale 5 655 
 
 Ragland sand 15 670 
 
 Ra'gland sand (gas) 30 700 
 
 1,112,544 cubic feet of gas per day 
 
 j. Waverly. 
 j- Devonian Shales. 
 
 j- Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
 ^-Waverly. 
 
 ^Devonian Shales. 
 
 ^j-Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
 ►Waverly. 
 
 • Devonian Shales. 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 
64 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No. 6 — W. F. Fitzpatrick farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Dark brown shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime (gas) 
 
 Light lime (gas) 
 
 Dark lime (gas) 
 
 Light lime (gas) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 267 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 20 'l 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 50 pWaverly. 
 
 317 ! 
 
 326 J 
 
 Formation. 
 
 40 366 'j 
 
 102 468 ^Devonian Shales. 
 
 5 473 J 
 
 10 483 ^ 
 
 491 ^Corniferous L. S’. 
 4 495 j 
 
 4 499 J 
 
 4 503 Niagara. 
 
 No. 7— John Fecraft farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime (gas) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 No. 8— G. W. Miller farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Light lime (gas) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 61 
 
 68 
 
 4 
 
 72 
 
 21 
 
 93 
 
 1 
 
 94 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 45 
 
 145 
 
 3 
 
 148 
 
 12 
 
 160 
 
 10 
 
 170 ' 
 
 13 
 
 183 
 
 11 
 
 194 
 
 318 
 
 512 
 
 2 
 
 514 
 
 6 
 
 520 
 
 2 
 
 522 
 
 8 
 
 530 J 
 
 6 
 
 536 " 
 
 9 
 
 545 
 
 98 
 
 643 > 
 
 58 
 
 701 
 
 9 
 
 710 
 
 36 
 
 746 
 
 5 
 
 751 -J 
 
 5 
 
 756 L 
 
 68 
 
 824 J 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 176 
 
 185 'j 
 
 236 
 
 421 l 
 
 22 2 
 
 443 2 J 
 
 143 2 
 
 587 ) 
 
 8 
 
 595 \ 
 
 16 
 
 611 j. 
 
 10 
 
 621 f 
 
 7 
 
 628 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 66 
 
 No. 9 — Jack. Barnett farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime (gas) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 62 
 
 72 
 
 13 
 
 85 
 
 55 
 
 140 
 
 140 
 
 280 
 
 5 
 
 285 
 
 13 
 
 298 
 
 4 
 
 302 
 
 145 
 
 447 
 
 2 
 
 449 
 
 91 
 
 540 
 
 43 
 
 583 
 
 12 
 
 595 
 
 8 
 
 603 
 
 5 
 
 608 
 
 12 
 
 620 
 
 153 
 
 775 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 y Waverly. 
 
 'Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
 No. 10 — Catherine Tabor farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Yellow lime 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Yellow lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Light lime (gas) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 111 
 
 120 'J 
 
 270 
 
 3§0 1 
 
 2 
 
 392 [ 
 
 98 
 
 490 
 
 2 
 
 492 
 
 25 
 
 517 J 
 
 153 
 
 670 j. 
 
 10 
 
 680 ) 
 
 14 
 
 694 ) 
 
 9 
 
 703 ) 
 
 7 
 
 710 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
 MONTGOMERY COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1— Mt. Sterling. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Clay 4 4 
 
 Blue lime 631 635 
 
 “Trenton” 80 715 
 
 Hard, blue and gray lime 288 1,003 
 
 No. 2 — Spencer Creek. 
 
 Drift 8 8 
 
 Blue lime 763 771 
 
 “Trenton” 80 851 
 
 Lime 252 1,103 
 
 The separation of the Trenton in these two wells was made by the driller. 
 The wells are entirely within the Hudson and Trenton Groups. 
 
66 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 CLARK COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Deep Well on Lulbegrud Creek. 
 
 Well started at base of black shale. 
 
 Records from top down to 1,050 were lost. 
 
 1,050 to 1,090, fine-grained, dove-colored limestone. 
 
 At 1,200, fine-grained, bluish-gray limestone. 
 
 1,240-1,255, very light, dove-colored limestone. 
 
 At 1,378, dark, reddish-gray lime, mixed with nearly black lime. Oil smell. 
 1,390-1,400, dark, dove-colored limestone. 
 
 These rocks correspond to the Birdseye and Chazy limestones 
 seen at High Bridge and Camp Nelson on the Kentucky river 
 and belong in the lower part of the Trenton period. The well 
 did not go deep enough to reach the bottom of the Chazy. 
 
 POWELL COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Janies Welsh farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Hard, brown flint 
 
 Yellow soapstone 
 
 Hard, blue lime, (oil at 133) 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Blue lime (gas at 310) 
 
 White lime 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 White lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Bottom at 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 17 
 
 17) 
 
 8 
 
 25 \ 
 
 24i 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 
 114 
 
 19 
 
 133 l 
 
 14 
 
 147 ) 
 
 509 
 
 656 ''I 
 
 25 
 
 681 
 
 19 
 
 700 
 
 9 
 
 709 { 
 
 66 
 
 775 
 
 20 
 
 795 
 
 90 
 
 885 
 
 
 951- 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 >Hudson and Trenton. 
 
 (Compare record of Well No. 7, Estill county.) 
 
 No. 2 — Duther Stephens’ farm. 
 
 Clay 13 13 ) Devonian Shales (Rag- 
 
 Black shale 117 130 ) land sand missing). 
 
 Soapstone 62 192 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Brown lime (oil show) 4 196 ) 
 
 Blue soapstone 10 206 ) C in on ‘ 
 
 Blue lime ’ 976 1,182^ 
 
 Brown lime 10 1,192 (.Hudson and Trenton. 
 
 Blue lime 15 1,207 J 
 
 In both No. 1 and No. 2, a few feet of the limestone at the top 
 of what is marked “Hudson and Trenton” probably belong 
 to the Clinton. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 67 
 
 No. 3 — Luther Stephens’ farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Clay 14 14 
 
 Black shale 126 140 
 
 Gray lime 10 150 
 
 Soapstone 45 195 
 
 Brown lime (oil) 3 2 198 2 
 
 Soapstone 10 2 209 
 
 Blue and gray lime 31 240 
 
 Brown lime 5 245 
 
 Blue lime 59 304 
 
 No. 4— Miles Porkner farm. 
 
 Clay 1. 14 14 
 
 Black shale 118 132' 
 
 Soapstone 3 135 
 
 Hard, gray lime 7 142 
 
 Soapstone 53 195 
 
 Gray lime 3 198 
 
 Soapstone 12 210 
 
 Gray lime (oil) 20 230 
 
 Gray, brown and blue lime 21 251 
 
 No. 5 — Jas. H. Lane farm. 
 
 Clay and sand 22 22 
 
 Black shale 80 102 
 
 Brown lime (gas and salt water) . 10 112 
 
 Soapstone 48 160 
 
 Blue lime 15 175 
 
 Soapstone 5 180 
 
 Blue lime 556 736 
 
 Brown lime 5 741 
 
 Blue lime 66 807 
 
 No. 6 — Robert Rose farm. 
 
 ■Slate and gravel 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray flint lime (gas and salt 
 
 water) 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 No. 7 — O. M. Law farm. 
 
 Clay 12 12 
 
 Black shale 138 150 
 
 Flint lime 10 160 
 
 Soapstone 40 200 
 
 Hard, gray lime (oil trace) 3 2 203 2 
 
 Soapstone 10 2 214 
 
 Blue lime 292 506 
 
 13 13 
 
 87 100 
 
 10 110 
 
 10 120 
 
 80 200 
 
 595 795 
 
 15 810 
 
 70 880 
 
 Geological Formation, 
 j. Devonian Shales. 
 
 ^ Ragland Sand (Cor- 
 ■j! niferous). 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 j- Clinton. 
 
 1 Hudson. 
 
 | (A part or all of the 31 
 J feet may be Clinton.) 
 
 1* Devonian Shales. 
 
 j Ragland Sand (Cor- 
 niferous). 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Possibly all Clinton. 
 Hudson. 
 
 j. Devonian S’hales. 
 
 j Ragland Sand <.Cor- 
 l niferous). 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 j. Clinton. 
 
 S Hudson. 
 
 t (Probably some Clin- 
 J ton at the top.) 
 
 j. Devonian Shales. 
 
 ) Ragland Sand (Cor- 
 ) niferous). 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Clinton and Hudson. 
 
 j. Devonian Shales. 
 
 j Ragland Sand (Cor- 
 l niferous). 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 j. Clinton. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 (Probably some Clin- 
 ton at the top.) 
 
68 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No. 8 — C. B. Skidmore farm, near Stanton. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 100 
 
 125 " 
 
 | 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 2 
 
 127 
 
 W Waverly. 
 
 Soapstone . . , 
 
 
 137 
 
 | 
 
 f 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 307 -l 
 
 (Corniferous miss- 
 „ ing.) 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 143 
 
 450 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 25 
 
 475 
 
 Clinton (?) 
 
 Hard, blue lime 
 
 700 
 
 1,175 | 
 
 1 Hudson and Trenton. 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 334 
 
 1,509 J 
 
 No. 9 — J. F. Martin, No. 3. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime (gas show) 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Brown lime *. . 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 No. 10 — Wm. Truett farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Red Rock 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 270 
 
 275 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 125 
 
 400 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 24 
 
 424 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 140 
 
 564 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 10 
 
 574 ] 
 
 
 6 
 
 580 
 
 (• Probably all Clinton. 
 
 20 
 
 600 J 
 
 1 
 
 75 
 
 675 ] 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 687 
 
 r Hudson. 
 
 122 
 
 809 J 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 90 
 
 15 
 
 45 
 
 120 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 115 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 149 
 
 100 
 
 115 
 
 160 
 
 280 
 
 290 
 
 295 
 
 410 
 
 420 
 
 440 
 
 450 
 
 460 
 
 465 
 
 614 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Clinton and Hudson. 
 
 No. 11 — Wingate Anderson farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Black shale (gas at 160) 
 
 Soapstone 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue 
 
 .. r oil show at 400. 
 
 ime ' ' t gas show at 1.200. 
 
 I 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 135 
 
 35 
 
 105 
 
 985 
 
 262 
 
 20 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 90 
 
 225 
 
 260 
 
 365 
 
 l» Waverly. 
 
 ( Devonian. 
 
 ) (Corniferous missing.) 
 [■ Niagara. 
 
 ( Clinton, Hudson and 
 1,350 < -r- 
 
 { Trenton. 
 
 1,612 Birdseye and Chazy. 
 
 Brown lime 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 69 
 
 No. 12 — J. P. Martin farm, No. 1. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 215 
 
 225 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 350 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Gray lime (gas) 
 
 24 
 
 374 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 141 
 
 515 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 10 
 
 525 "I 
 
 I 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 5 
 
 530 1 
 
 l Clinton. 
 
 Gray lime (oil show) 
 
 20 
 
 550 J 
 
 1 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 60 
 
 610 : 
 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 15 
 
 625 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 150 
 
 775 
 
 ► Hudson. 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 10 
 
 785 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 29 
 
 814 
 
 
 ESTILL COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 West farm — Irvine field. 
 
 
 No. 1 
 
 No. 2 
 
 No. 3 
 
 No. 4 
 
 No. 5 
 
 No. 6 
 
 Clay 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 Black shale (Devonian) 
 
 419 
 
 69 
 
 50 
 
 17 
 
 91 
 
 52 
 
 Oil sand (Corniferous) 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 
 83 
 
 92 
 
 93 
 
 75 
 
 111 
 
 87 
 
 No. 7 — West farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime.... 
 Light, gray lime. . . . 
 
 Gray soapstone 
 
 Hard, gray lime .... 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Red lime 
 
 Bastard, gray lime. . 
 Bastard, brown lime 
 Bastard, gray lime. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 24 
 
 69 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 
 
 ■\ Corniferous L. S. — Es- 
 
 2 5 
 
 94 
 
 till sand (Ragland 
 
 36 
 
 130 
 
 j sand). 
 
 145 
 
 275 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 30 
 
 305 
 
 
 10 
 
 315 
 
 l 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 323 
 
 r“ Clinton. 
 
 10 
 
 333 
 
 j 
 
 17 
 
 350 
 
 Lower Silurian (Ordo- 
 
 40 
 
 390 
 
 • vician) Limestones. 
 
 839 
 
 1,229 
 
 f Hudson and Trenton 
 
 
 
 J Groups. 
 
 Of the above records, the first six ivere taken at random 
 from a number of records of wells drilled into the oil-sand. 
 The seventh was drilled deeper ; it shows an unusual thick- 
 ness of Corniferous (the limestones on outcrop about a mile 
 west are only 25 to 30 feet thick), and also shows 145 feet of 
 Niagara shales under the oil-sand. The thirty feet of limestones 
 under the Niagara shale are nearly all Clinton, but the upper 
 layers may belong to. the Niagara. The well went probably 
 250 feet in the Trenton rocks, or about to the top of the Birds- 
 eye. 
 
70 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 A combined section made from the log of the above well (No. 
 7), the log of a well now being drilled on White Oak creek, and 
 a detailed section of the St. Louis, etc., given in volume 4 of 
 the Owen reports, would show the rocks from near the top 
 of the Conglomerate measures down to probably within 100 
 feet of the base of the Chazy limestones. The well on White 
 Oak started near the top of the Black Shale and is down over 
 1,900 feet.* The record was not kept in the upper part, but 
 begins at 1,260 feet, which would be just about where the record 
 of No. 7 ends. The following is the section combined as above: 
 
 COMBINED SECTION IN ESTILIi COUNTY. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Heavy sandstone 
 
 
 196 
 
 2,7S8 
 
 Shales and shaly sandstone 
 
 
 5.0 
 
 2,592 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 4 
 
 2,542 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 1 
 
 2,538 
 
 Gray shales 
 
 
 4 
 
 2,537 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 1 
 
 2,533 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 2,532 
 
 Buff, earthy limestones 
 
 
 S 
 
 2,517 
 
 Archimedes limestone 
 
 
 2 
 
 2,509 
 
 Gray limestone 
 
 
 13 
 
 2,507 
 
 Calcareous shales 
 
 
 10 
 
 2,494 
 
 Oolitic limestone 
 
 
 10 
 
 2,484 
 
 Buff limestone 
 
 
 11 
 
 2,474 
 
 Semi-oolitic limestone 
 
 
 22 
 
 2,463 
 
 Gray limestones 
 
 
 12 
 
 2,441 
 
 Earthy, buff limestone 
 
 
 5 
 
 2,429 
 
 Thin, gray, cherty limestones... 
 
 
 24 
 
 2,424 
 
 Massive limestone 
 
 
 22 
 
 2,400 
 
 Blue limestone and shales 
 
 
 38 
 
 2,378 
 
 Earthy, yellow limestone 
 
 
 6 
 
 2,340 
 
 Sandstones and shales 
 
 
 490 
 
 2,334 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 125 
 
 1,844 
 
 Estill County oil sand 
 
 about 
 
 25 
 
 1,719 
 
 Blue and gray shales 
 
 
 145 
 
 1,694 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,549 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 25 
 
 1,544 
 
 Gray shale 
 
 
 10 
 
 1,519 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 8 
 
 1,509 
 
 Red lime 
 
 
 10 
 
 1,501 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 17 
 
 1,491 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 
 40 
 
 1,474 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 839 
 
 1,434 
 
 Greenish-white, friable, shaly 
 
 sand- 
 
 
 
 stone 
 
 
 10 
 
 595 
 
 Hard, fine-grained limestone. 
 
 dark 
 
 
 
 dove color, with occasional bands 
 
 
 
 of dark-blue, hard limestone 
 
 
 425 
 
 585 
 
 Hard, gray limestone 
 
 
 145 
 
 160 
 
 White, fine-grained sand and 
 
 lime 
 
 
 
 mixed 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 Bottom of White Oak well 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 ures, 271. 
 
 1 
 
 (-Chester, 33. 
 
 1 
 
 [ St. Louis, 150. 
 
 Waverly, 490. 
 Devonian Shales, 125. 
 Corniferous, 25. 
 
 Niagara, 150. 
 
 1 
 
 [-Clinton, 53. 
 
 J 
 
 n 
 
 Lower Silurian. 
 (Ordovician). 
 
 Hudson and Trenton 
 Groups, 1476. 
 
 Calciferous. 
 
 *This well has since been drilled deeper, striking high pressure gas in the 
 Calciferous, at about 1,940 feet. 
 
No. 8. Boyd well at Campton, Wolfe County. 
 (Showing a Standard Rig.) 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 71 
 
 The first fifteen feet are Calciferous; the next 570 feet Chazy 
 and Birdseye, with about ten feet of fine, light green sand mark- 
 ing the top of the latter. Of the 839 feet of limestones above 
 that, the lowest 200 to 250 feet constitute the Trenton lime- 
 stones, and the rest, up to about 1,500, belong to the Hudson. 
 
 BREATHITT COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Frozen Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Clay 12 12 
 
 White sand 53 65 
 
 Porous, bastard lime (?) 2 67 
 
 White sand 73 140 
 
 The well is all in the Conglomerate and gave a strong show 
 of black oil in the two feet of “bastard lime.” 
 
 WOLFE COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Well at Campton. Thick- 
 
 ness. Depth. 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 (White sands and slates) 420 420 
 
 St. Louis L. S 110 530 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 (Blue and white shales) 498 1,028 
 
 Devonian black shale 191 1,219 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 (Blue shale) 31 1,250 
 
 Clinton L. S. 
 
 (Oil sand) 16 1,266 
 
 (No mention is made of the Berea Grit, although it must have been passed 
 through.) 
 
 The above geological divisions are as reported on the record 
 sent in. A record of a well drilled since, accompanied by 
 samples of the drillings from the lower part, of the well, shows, 
 under the Black Shale and at the place of the shales called 
 “Niagara,” about 16 feet of light-colored shale, then 12 feet of 
 black shale and then the oil rock, the latter strongly resembling 
 the Ragland of Bath county. The 12 feet of black shale direct- 
 ly over the oil-rock, makes it probable that the latter is the 
 Corniferous and not Clinton. 
 
72 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 MAGOFFIN COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Near Hendricks F. O. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 White lime 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Shelly sand 
 
 Bastard, gray sand. 
 
 S’helly slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 Bastard, gray sand. 
 Slate and red shale 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 40 
 
 260 
 
 85 
 
 75 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 190 
 
 210 
 
 245 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 400 
 
 290 
 
 50 
 
 77 
 
 40 " 
 300 
 385 
 460 - 
 
 485 
 525 
 715 - 
 925 
 1,170 
 1,190 I 
 1,290 r 
 1,390 J 
 1,790 
 2,080 ^ 
 2,130 l 
 2,207 J 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 St. Louis L. S. 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 Upper and Lower Sil- 
 urian Limestones. 
 
 There is no Niagara Shale reported in this record and nothing 
 by which to distinguish the possible Devonian and Upper Si- 
 lurian limestones contained in the upper part of the 290 feet 
 of limestone next below the Black Shale. The last two members 
 are evidently Hudson. 
 
 MORGAN COUNTY WELL. 
 
 This well, drilled on Oaney creek just below the town of 
 Caney, will give, not only the section for that immediate lo- 
 cality, but a typical record for Morgan county. The record 
 was very carefully kept by Mr. G. M. Sullivan, and all forma- 
 tions noted, giving an accurate record or geological section 
 from the lower part of the Coal Measures down nearly to the 
 Trenton. 
 
 Caney Creek Well. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand (gas at 75, 125 and 200) 
 
 Pebble rock 
 
 Sand 
 
 Pebble rock 
 
 Dark shale and sand 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Shaly sand 
 
 Sand 
 
 Pebble rock 
 
 Coal 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 235 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 Depth, 
 
 15 
 25 
 260 
 265 
 305 I 
 318 
 330 I 
 340 } 
 345 I 
 380 
 
 410 
 
 411 
 453 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 Base of Coal Measures. 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 ures. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 73 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Limy shale 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Sand and shale (oil at 625). 
 
 Limy shale 
 
 Red sand 
 
 Dark-blue, sandy shale (gas 
 at 850, 865 and 920) . v . 
 
 Hard, fine sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Fine sand (salt water) 
 
 Coarse sand 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 S’hale and sand 
 
 Very black shale 
 
 Sand (oil at 1,052) 
 
 Dark shale and sand 
 
 Black shale (gas and oil at 
 
 1,145) 
 
 Soft, blue shale 
 
 Sandy lime (Clinton sand at 
 
 1,408) 
 
 (Oil and gas at 1,408. S'alt 
 
 Lime 
 
 Lime and sand 
 
 (Oil and gas at 1,525). 
 
 Lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Blue and dark, sandy lime.. 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 Blue, clay shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Blue shale and lime 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Dark-blue shale 
 
 Dark-gray lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Blue, sandy and limy shale. . 
 
 Hard, sandy lime., 
 
 Sandy and limy shale 
 
 Dark-blue, lime shale 
 
 Probably stopped just short 
 
 15 
 
 468 
 
 5 
 
 473 } 
 
 52 
 
 525 J 
 
 235 
 
 760 1 
 
 5 
 
 765 
 
 1 
 
 766 
 
 154 
 
 920 
 
 5 
 
 925 
 
 5 
 
 930 
 
 2 
 
 932 
 
 8 
 
 940 r 
 
 33 
 
 973 
 
 2 
 
 975 | 
 
 37 
 
 1,012 1 
 
 16 
 
 1,028 1 
 
 7 (Berea Sh.) 
 
 1,035 1 
 
 24 (Berea Grit) 
 
 1,059 1 
 
 28 
 
 1,087 J 
 
 283 
 
 1,370 i 
 
 30 
 
 L 
 
 1,400 
 
 50 
 
 1,450 
 
 vater at 1,416. 
 
 
 65 
 
 1,515 I 
 
 15 (Caneysand) 1,530 
 
 87 
 
 1,617 
 
 10 
 
 1,627 
 
 25 
 
 1,652 
 
 133 
 
 1,785 
 
 79 
 
 1,864 
 
 5 
 
 1,869 
 
 22 
 
 1,891 
 
 9 
 
 1.900 
 
 6 
 
 1,906 - 
 
 12 
 
 1,918 
 
 4; 
 
 1,922 
 
 20 
 
 1,942 
 
 25 
 
 1,967 
 
 7 
 
 1,974 
 
 4 
 
 1,978 
 
 7 
 
 1,985 
 
 4 
 
 1,989 
 
 32 
 
 2,021 J 
 
 of the top of the Trenton. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 St. Louis L. S. 
 
 Waverly and Berea. 
 
 Devonian Black Shale, 
 with a little Cornifer- 
 ous L. S. at the base. 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
7 ir. 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 CARTER COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Guffey Well, near Grayson. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Dark green, sandy 'shale 
 
 Light gray slate and sand shells. 
 
 Sandstone and shale 
 
 Sandstone, slate and shells 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Berea sand (oil and gas) 
 
 Gray slate 
 
 Red slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White slate 
 
 Limestone (oil and gas; 
 
 Limestones, fine and coarse 
 
 accurate, but gives a typical section of the Carter county rocks 
 from just below the Coal Measures down to about the top of 
 the Niagara Shale. This well was drilled just north of Grayson 
 and in a synclinal basin, this latter accounting for the strong 
 flow of salt water. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 2S 
 
 28 
 
 *1 
 
 1 Conglomerate 
 
 
 30 
 
 58 
 
 Meas- 
 
 12 
 
 70 
 
 i ures. 
 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 J 
 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 
 230 
 
 270 
 
 330 
 
 600 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 650 
 
 
 £ 
 
 S5 
 
 735 
 
 1 
 
 L © 
 
 22 
 
 757 
 
 Berea Shale. 
 
 > 
 
 112 
 
 869 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 
 25 
 
 894 
 
 1 Bedford. 
 
 
 6 
 
 900 
 
 f J 
 
 
 116 
 
 1,016 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 169 
 
 1,021 
 
 1,190 
 
 
 20 
 
 1,210 
 
 r Devonian Shales. 
 
 95 
 
 1,305 
 
 ! 
 
 
 118 
 
 1,423 
 
 J 
 
 
 2 
 
 1,425 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 C Upper Silurian lime- 
 
 55 
 
 1,475. 
 
 1,4S0 
 
 -i stones (Niagara and 
 Helderburg). 
 
 trained observer and is not only 
 
 WELL AT CINCINNATI. 
 
 At 280, a dark-gray, crystalline limestone. 
 
 At 290, a bed of gray and white sand. 
 
 At 305, a mottled, light, crystalline limestone and a dark, limy shale. (Can 
 not tell which belongs above the other.) 
 
 At 334, 344 and 3S5. gray, limy shales. 
 
 At 450 and 505, lighter gray, lime shales. 
 
 At 575 and 610, light gray, lime shales. 
 
 At 640, darker, lime shales. 
 
 At 675, soft, white, shaly limestone. 
 
 At 775, soft, very porous, white, lime shales. 
 
 From 815 to 1,330, fine-grained, white, sandy limestone. 
 
 This record is taken from an incomplete set of drillings. 
 The well started a little above the top of the Trenton, the speci- 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 75 
 
 men at 280 being from the bottom part of the upper Trenton 
 rocks. The shales and shalv limestones are different from 
 records for the same part of the geological section elsewhere, 
 taking the place of the Chazy limestones. The last 515 feet 
 (Trom 815 to 1,330) represents the Galciferous, the next for- 
 mation below the Trenton group, and the basal member of the 
 Lower Silurian. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH AND IRONTON, OHIO, WELLS. 
 
 The two following records are given in order to show the 
 section on the Ohio river in the northeastern part of the State. 
 They are taken from volume 6 of the Ohio reports: 
 
 Portsmouth Well. 
 
 Waverly 
 
 Berea shale 
 
 Berea grit 
 
 Bedford shale 
 
 Devonian shales 
 
 Upper Silurian limestones 
 
 Medina 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 120 
 
 120 
 
 30 
 
 150 
 
 50 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 250 
 
 560 
 
 810 
 
 675 
 
 1,485 
 
 50 
 
 1,535 
 
 4165 
 
 2,000 
 
 Helderburg, Niagara, 
 Clinton. 
 
 Ironton Well. 
 
 Coal measures . . . . % 
 
 Conglomerate and Logan Group 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 Cuyahoga shales 
 
 Berea shale 
 
 Berea grit 
 
 Bedford shale and sand 
 
 Ohio Shales (Devonian) 
 
 Corniferous and Upper Silurian limestones 
 
 Upper Silurian and Hudson shale and limestone 
 
 Top of Trenton at 
 
 Bottom of well at 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 282 
 
 282 
 
 300 
 
 582 
 
 30 
 
 612 
 
 30 
 
 642 
 
 348 
 
 990 
 
 20 
 
 1,010 
 
 47 
 
 1,057 
 
 90 
 
 1,147 
 
 680 
 
 1,827 
 
 584 
 
 2,411 
 
 1,031 
 
 3,442 
 
 3.442 
 
 
 3,660 
 
 
 Ill these records, no mention is made of the Niagara Shale, 
 they agreeing with records of wells in Northeastern and East- 
 ern Kentucky, showing it thinned out just east of the deep 
 trough of shale mentioned above on page 37, and replaced by the 
 Niagara limestones. 
 
76 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 BOYD COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Well near Summit Station. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Coal Measures and Conglomerate 675 675 
 
 St. Louis limestone 60 735 
 
 Waverly sands and shales 590 1,325 
 
 Berea shale 20 1,345 
 
 Berea grit 13 1,358 
 
 Bedford shale 57 1,415 
 
 The well started fifty-two feet above Coal No. 6 and stopped 
 just above the Devonian black shale. Shows of oil and gas and 
 salt water were struck in the Waverly sands, and gas and green 
 oil in the Berea Grit. 
 
 No. 2 — Longabaugh Well four miles south of Ashland. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand (salt water) 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Black sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Shales and sands (salt water at 
 698) 
 
 14 
 
 14 * 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 38 
 
 62 
 
 28 
 
 90 
 
 20 
 
 110 
 
 28 
 
 138 
 
 38 
 
 176 
 
 20 
 
 196 
 
 110 
 
 306 
 
 35 
 
 341 
 
 48 
 
 389 
 
 15 
 
 404 
 
 20 
 
 424 
 
 15 
 
 439 1 
 
 31 
 
 470 
 
 5 
 
 475 I 
 
 25 
 
 500 J 
 
 50 
 
 550 
 
 532 
 
 1,082 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 St. Louis Limestone. 
 Waverly. 
 
 Some oil was reported. The well probably stopped in the Berea Grit. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 77 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 NO. 
 
 LAWRENCE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 1— -Broas Well on Hood Creek. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation, 
 
 Soil 
 
 18 
 
 18 1 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 7 8 2 
 
 117 2 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 
 Shale 
 
 52 
 
 169 2 
 
 * ures. 
 
 Sand 
 
 50 
 
 219 2 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 
 
 221 2 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 12 
 
 233 2 „ 
 
 
 Limestone 
 
 103 2 
 
 337 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 27 2 
 
 364 
 
 y Chester and St. Louis. 
 
 Limestone (oil at 320) 
 
 26 
 
 390 J 
 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 384 
 
 774 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Sand 
 
 100 
 
 874 
 
 Berea (?) 
 
 Black shale 
 
 5S0 
 
 1,454 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Sand 
 
 16 
 
 1,470 
 
 
 Limestone 
 
 145 
 
 1,615 
 
 
 Some oil in S't. Louis. 
 
 2 — F. F. Well on Big- Blaine Creek. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Soil 12 
 
 Fire clay 6 
 
 Gray sand 32 
 
 Black shale 94 
 
 White sand 24 
 
 Black shale 3 
 
 Dark sand 21 
 
 Gray sand and pebbles 7 
 
 White sand 21 
 
 Coarse pebbles (oil show) 12 
 
 White, coarse sand (oil show) 44 2 
 
 Sand and shale 25 
 
 Coarse, white sand and pebbles (oil, gas) . . 25 2 
 
 Honey-comb rock 4I0 2 
 
 All Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 367 2 
 
 Lubricating oil in last member. 
 
 3— Griffiths Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Sands and shales 
 
 790 
 
 790 -j 
 
 j Coal Measures and 
 ) Conglomerate. 
 
 Limestone 
 
 152 
 
 942 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale (oil at 1,423) 
 
 481 
 
 1,423 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Gray sand (oil at 1,510) 
 
 87 
 
 1,510 
 
 Berea. 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 1,530 
 
 
 Hard shales 
 
 4 
 
 1,534 
 
 
 Black shale and lime shells 
 
 644 
 
 2,178 " 
 
 
 Limestone (oil) 
 
 3 
 
 2,181 
 
 
 Blue shale (gas at 2,211) 
 
 30 
 
 2,211 
 
 - Devonian Shales. 
 
 Green shale (gas at 2,350) 
 
 158 
 
 2,369 
 
 
 Black and blue shales 
 
 38 
 
 2,407 
 
 
78 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 4— -Horsford Well, iy 2 miles above 
 
 mouth 
 
 of Big Blaine. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 , Depth. 
 
 
 Coal Measures and Conglomerate. 
 
 1,025 
 
 1,025 
 
 . 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 140 
 
 1,165 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 535 
 
 1,700 
 
 
 Berea shale 
 
 27 
 
 1,727 
 
 . 
 
 Berea grit (gas) 
 
 60 
 
 1,787 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 53 
 
 1,840 
 
 
 Gas in Berea grit. Stopped at 1,840 
 
 in top of Devonian shales. 
 
 No. 5 — Mouth of Big Blaine. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Yellow sand 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 45 
 
 80 
 
 
 Gray shale and red rock 
 
 35 
 
 115 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 25 
 
 140 
 
 - Coal Measures. 
 
 W T hite sand 
 
 170 
 
 310 
 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 45 
 
 355 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 60 
 
 415 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 15 
 
 430 j 
 
 i 
 
 White sand 
 
 110 
 
 540 - 
 
 
 Gray shale 
 
 50 
 
 590 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 20 
 
 610 
 
 
 Gray sand (gas and salt water) . . 
 
 125 
 
 735 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 
 Black slate 
 
 30 
 
 765 
 
 * ures. 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 95 
 
 860 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 10 
 
 870 
 
 (No St. Louis shown.) 
 
 White, conglomerate sand 
 
 365 
 
 1,235 u 
 
 Waverly, including 
 
 Green sand 
 
 5 
 
 1,240 
 
 place for St. Louis. The 
 
 Gray, slate shells 
 
 410 
 
 1,650 
 
 5 feet of green sand is 
 
 Black slate (Berea shale) 
 
 10 
 
 1,660 
 
 probably part of Ches- 
 
 White sand (Berea grit), gas.... 
 
 2 
 
 1,662 
 
 * ter and the 2 foot gas 
 
 Sand, lime and shells 
 
 15 
 
 1,877 
 
 sand part of the Berea 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 65 
 
 1,742 
 
 Grit under 10 feet of 
 Berea Shale. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 5 
 
 1,747 ^ 
 
 
 Sand and shells 
 
 5 
 
 1,752 ( 
 
 ► Devonian Shales. 
 
 Bluish-black slate 
 
 648 
 
 2,400 
 
 Light gray slate 
 
 192 
 
 2,592 J 
 
 
 Limestone 
 
 5 
 
 2,597 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 This record shows four heavy sands in the Conglomerate 
 measures, which correspond approximately to the sands of 
 Floyd, Pike and Martin counties. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 79 
 
 No. 6 — Berry Well, on Hood Creek. 
 
 Soil 
 
 S'hale 
 
 Hard sand 
 
 Fine sand and shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Clay shale 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 Sand and blue shale 
 
 Lime and sand (oil and gas) 
 
 White lime 
 
 Lime and sand 
 
 Hard, reddish sand 
 
 Yellow sand (oil) 
 
 Hard, reddish, speckled sand. 
 
 Dark sand (oil) 
 
 Lime 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 20 
 
 20 I 
 
 82 
 
 102 
 
 25 
 
 127 
 
 14 
 
 141 
 
 10 
 
 151 
 
 9 
 
 160 - 
 
 63 
 
 223 
 
 4 
 
 227 1 
 
 36 
 
 263 
 
 137 
 
 400 1 
 
 95 
 
 495 J 
 
 152 
 
 647 
 
 195 
 
 842 
 
 48 
 
 890 
 
 15 
 
 905 
 
 195 
 
 1,100 
 
 515 
 
 1,615 l 
 
 105 
 
 1,720 J 
 
 20 
 
 1,740 
 
 80 
 
 1,820 
 
 65 
 
 1,885 
 
 27 
 
 1,912 
 
 3 
 
 1,915 
 
 2 
 
 1,917 
 
 28 
 
 1,945 
 
 160 
 
 2,105 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 ures. 
 
 Sc. Louis. 
 
 Berea Grit (?) 
 
 Probably all Devon- 
 ian. 
 
 JOHNSON COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Well on Tom’s Creek — Van Hoose farm. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Brown sand 
 
 White slate. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 White lime 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 White slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Hard, slate shell. . . . 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White slate 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Gray lime to bottom 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 185 
 
 185 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 205 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 235 
 
 I Coal Measures and 
 
 130 
 
 365 
 
 j Conglomerate Meas- 
 
 42 
 
 407 
 
 ures. 
 
 265 
 
 672 
 
 J 
 
 150 
 
 822 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 100 
 
 922 
 
 Place of Big Injun Sand. 
 
 244 
 
 1,166 
 
 L Waverly. 
 
 75 
 
 1,241 
 
 r 
 
 56 
 
 1,297 
 
 J Place of Berea Grit. 
 
 500 
 
 1,797 
 
 
 14'3 
 
 1,940 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 13 
 
 1,953 
 
 J 
 
 15 
 
 1,968 
 
 Clinton (?) 
 
 
 2,006 
 
 
 The well started in the base of the Coal Measures and shows two heavy 
 sands (at 235-365 and 407-672) in the Conglomerate Measures. 
 
 Samples of drillings showed the lime at 1,953 to be Clinton. 
 
80 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 2 — J. C. Murphy farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Sand and gravel 
 
 30 
 
 30 ' 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 80 
 
 160 
 
 _ Conglomerate Meas- 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 165 
 
 ures. 
 
 White sand 
 
 370 
 
 535 ^ 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 158 
 
 693 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Black slate and shale 
 
 
 843 -> 
 
 | 
 
 White slate 
 
 209 
 
 1,052 
 
 I Waverly. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 73 
 
 1,125 1 
 
 I Place of Berea Grit. 
 
 White slate and shell 
 
 50 
 
 1,175 J 
 
 I 
 
 Black shale 
 
 450 
 
 1,625 j 
 
 - Devonian Shales. 
 
 White slate 
 
 
 1,780 i 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 90 
 
 1,870 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 92 
 
 1,962 
 
 
 MARTIN COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Jack Cassidy farm — Hardin Br. of Coldwater Pork of Rockcastle Cr. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Drift 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 88 
 
 112 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 124 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 18 
 
 142 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 40 
 
 182 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 3 
 
 185 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 190 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 266 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 8 
 
 274 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 13 
 
 287 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 30 
 
 317 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 404 
 
 
 Vers 7- dark sand (gas) 
 
 15 
 
 419 
 
 Stray Gas Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 56 
 
 475 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) . . . . 
 
 93 
 
 568 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 573 
 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 69 
 
 642 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 7 
 
 649 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 60 
 
 709 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 2 
 
 711 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 24 
 
 735 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 3 
 
 738 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 102 
 
 840 ‘'I 
 
 | 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 4 
 
 844 
 
 r* Pike S'and. 
 
 White sand 
 
 58 
 
 902 J 
 
 1 
 
 Black slate 
 
 53 
 
 955 
 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 4 
 
 959 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 33 
 
 992 
 
 
 Limy sand 
 
 6 
 
 998 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 4 
 
 1.002 
 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 14 
 
 1,016 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Light slate 
 
 34 
 
 1.050 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 8 
 
 1.058 
 
 1.111 
 
 Measures. 
 
 Red shale 
 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 8 
 
 1.119 1 
 
 L Chester Group (Mauch 
 
 White sand 
 
 26 
 
 1,145 I 
 
 Chunk). 
 
 White lime 
 
 15 
 
 1,160 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 30 
 
 1,190 J 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 81 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Dark lime (gas at 1,340) .... 
 
 
 1,390 
 
 St. Louis — (Gas). 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 
 1,402 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 Red shale 
 
 27 
 
 1,429 
 
 Logan Shale. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 4»45 
 
 1,874 
 
 Pocono Slate. 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 18 
 
 1,892 
 
 Berea Shale. 
 
 Gray, limy sand 
 
 
 1,919 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 Light slate 
 
 20 
 
 1,939 ■>> 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 32 
 
 1,971 ! 
 
 
 Brown slate 
 
 10 
 
 1,981 f 
 
 . Devonian Shales. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 24 
 
 2,005 J 
 
 
 This well shows six sands in the Conglomerate Measures, and also gave a 
 strong flow of gas at 1,340, in the St. Louis. The Big Injun is only represented 
 by 12 feet of sandy shale. 
 
 No.. 2 — Warfield Well. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 32 32 
 
 Space 11 43 
 
 Coal 7 50 
 
 Gray sand 97 147 
 
 Coal 3 150 
 
 White sand 50 200 
 
 Shale (salt water) 75 275 
 
 Sand 20 295 
 
 Shale 214 509 
 
 Sugar sand 71 580 
 
 Smut seam 1 581 
 
 Space 12 593 
 
 Sand (oil show) 88 681 
 
 Shale 18 699 
 
 Sand 51 750 
 
 Shale 200 950 
 
 Pebbly sand, (oil, gas) 50 1,000 
 
 White and blue shale 200 1,200 
 
 Coarse, pebbly sand 10 1,210 
 
 Shells 90 1,300 
 
 S’andy lime (gas) 7 1,307 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 j Probable Top of Con- 
 | glomerate Measures. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 May represent the 
 Mauch Chunk Shales. 
 
 } May be Mt. Lime and 
 Big Injun — broken. 
 Heavy gas flow. 
 
 No. 3 — Burning Well — across the river from the Warfield Well. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Light slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Light slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Light, shelly slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Light, shelly slate 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 46 
 
 72 
 
 44 
 
 116 
 
 5 
 
 121 
 
 80 
 
 201 
 
 18 
 
 219 
 
 20 
 
 239 
 
 20 
 
 259 
 
 57 
 
 316 
 
 50 
 
 366 
 
 75 
 
 441 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 ures (top uncertain.) 
 
82 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 White sand 
 
 Light slate 
 White sand 
 White slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Shelly slate 
 Red shale . 
 Light slate 
 Red shale . 
 Light slate 
 Hard sand 
 Red shale . . 
 White sand 
 Red shale . 
 Light slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 •Slate 
 
 Red shale . 
 Shelly slate 
 Dark sand . 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 130 
 
 571 
 
 15 
 
 586 
 
 46 
 
 632 
 
 20 
 
 652 
 
 112 
 
 764 
 
 55 
 
 819 
 
 30 
 
 849 
 
 5 
 
 854 
 
 25 
 
 879 
 
 15 
 
 894 
 
 18 
 
 912 
 
 10 
 
 922 
 
 24 
 
 946 
 
 4 
 
 950 
 
 22 
 
 972 
 
 4 
 
 976 
 
 10 
 
 986 
 
 2 
 
 988 
 
 20 
 
 1,008 
 
 30 
 
 1,038 
 
 Lime 
 
 162 1,200 
 
 Slate and sand shells 
 
 138 1,338 
 
 Well has three sands in Conglomerate Measures. 
 Louis and Big Injun. 
 
 No. 4 — Sam. Munsey farm — Big Branch of Wolf Creek. 
 
 
 Thickneess. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Drift 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 SO 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 35 
 
 115 
 
 Light slate 
 
 23 
 
 138 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 37 
 
 175 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 18 
 
 193 
 
 Coal N 
 
 2 2 
 
 195 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 15 
 
 210 
 
 Coal 
 
 4 
 
 214 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 8 
 
 222 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 240 
 
 462 
 
 Light sand 
 
 16 
 
 478 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 167 
 
 645 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 45 
 
 690 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 8 
 
 698 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 87 
 
 785 
 
 White sand 
 
 48 
 
 833 
 
 Coal 
 
 3 2 
 
 836 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 29 
 
 865 
 
 Dark gray slate 
 
 
 893 
 
 White sand (black oil) 
 
 79 
 
 972 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 38 
 
 1,010 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Gas, Oil and Salt Wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Gas and Salt Water. 
 
 Gas and Salt Water. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 . Chester Group (Mauch 
 Chunk). 
 
 j St. Louis — Gas in the 
 l limestone at 1,098. 
 
 { Big Injun Group — Gas 
 in sand shells at 1,202 
 and 1,315. 
 
 Gave gas from both S't. 
 
 Geological Formation,, 
 
 1 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 83 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Dark gray sand (gas) 
 
 Dark gray slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 White lime 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 15 
 
 1,025 
 
 14 
 
 1,039 
 
 6 
 
 1,045 
 
 10 
 
 1,055 
 
 18 
 
 1,073 
 
 78 
 
 1,151 
 
 12 
 
 1,163 
 
 30 
 
 1,193 
 
 36 
 
 1,229 
 
 6 
 
 1,235 
 
 20 
 
 1,255 
 
 155 
 
 1,410 
 
 10 
 
 1,420 
 
 16 
 
 1,436 
 
 6 
 
 1,442 
 
 15 
 
 1,457 
 
 78 
 
 1,535 
 
 4 
 
 1,539 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Chester Group (Mauch 
 Chunk). 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Big Injun Group, 
 Pocono Slate. 
 
 This well only shows two sands in the Conglomerate measures, with the 
 anomaly of a strong gas flow from a sand in the Chester group. The Mountain 
 Lime and Big Injun were both unproductive. 
 
 No. 5 — J. M. Stepp farm— Wolf Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate 
 
 Dark sand . 
 White sand' 
 Light slate 
 White sand 
 Light slate 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Light slate 
 Gray sand . 
 
 Coal 
 
 White sand 
 Light slate 
 White sand 
 Black slate 
 White slate 
 White sand 
 Light slate 
 White sand 
 Black slate 
 White sand 
 Light slate . 
 Gray sand . 
 Light slate 
 White sand 
 Gray sand . 
 Dark slate 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 2 2 
 
 32 
 
 12 
 
 44 
 
 15 
 
 59 
 
 40 
 
 99 
 
 10 
 
 109 
 
 40 
 
 149 
 
 5 
 
 154 
 
 56 
 
 210 
 
 2 2 
 
 212 
 
 105 
 
 317 
 
 8 
 
 325 
 
 2 2 
 
 327 
 
 10 
 
 337 
 
 20 
 
 357 
 
 12 
 
 369 
 
 20 
 
 389 
 
 40 
 
 429 
 
 21 . 
 
 450 
 
 50 
 
 500 
 
 24 
 
 524 
 
 25 
 
 549 
 
 30 
 
 579 
 
 24 
 
 603 
 
 24 
 
 627 
 
 25 
 
 652 
 
 13 
 
 665 
 
 35 
 
 700 
 
 40 
 
 740 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 (Upper part of Con- 
 glomerate Measures 
 badly broken. Three 
 sands at 810, 919 and 
 984, respectively.) 
 
84 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 White sand 
 
 15 
 
 755 
 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 20 
 
 775 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 25 
 
 800 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 10 
 
 810 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 100 
 
 910 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 3 
 
 913 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 6 
 
 919 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 24 
 
 943 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 13 
 
 956 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 14 
 
 970 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 14 
 
 984 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 19 
 
 1,003 
 
 
 Yellow sand 
 
 56 
 
 1,059 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 64 
 
 1,123 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 20 
 
 1,143 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 Red shale 
 
 6 
 
 1,149 
 
 
 Light sand 
 
 100 
 
 1,249 ! 
 
 Chester Group (Mauch 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 18 
 
 1,267 f 
 
 Chunk). 
 
 Red shale 
 
 36 
 
 1,303 J 
 
 
 Blue lime (oil show) 
 
 40 
 
 1,343 ) 
 
 St. Louis, with oil at 
 
 White lime (gas) 
 
 177 
 
 1,520 (• 
 
 1,320 and gas at 1,400. 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 33 
 
 1,553 
 
 Big Injun Slate. 
 
 FLOYD COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — B. Allen farm. — Head of Sugar Camp Br. of Right Beaver. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Drift 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 15 
 
 60 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 115 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 34 
 
 149 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 158 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 32 
 
 190 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 24 
 
 214 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 16 
 
 230 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 4 
 
 234 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 11 
 
 245 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 35 
 
 280 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 2 
 
 282 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 38 
 
 320 
 
 Probable top of Con- 
 glomerate Measures. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 68 
 
 388 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 27 
 
 415 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 20 
 
 435 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 41 
 
 476 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 54 
 
 530 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 38 
 
 568 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 2 
 
 570 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 630 
 
 
 Sand (salt water) 
 
 198 
 
 828 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 829 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 40 
 
 869 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 46 
 
 915 
 
 | 
 
 White sand 
 
 47 
 
 962 1 
 
 L Horton Sand. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 22 
 
 984 J 
 
 1 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 85 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 1,008 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 8 
 
 1,016 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 40 
 
 1,056 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 7 
 
 1,063 
 
 White sand 
 
 35 
 
 1,098 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 17 
 
 1,115 
 
 White sand 
 
 39 
 
 1,154 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 32 
 
 1,186 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 (gas, oil, 
 
 
 salt water) 
 
 
 1,236 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 1 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 j 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 The well is all in Coal Measure and Conglomerate rocks. A section of 
 the hill, a short distance up the creek from the well, gives the No. 1 coal about 
 30 feet above the creek; this will connect the well section with the section 
 of the Coal Measures above ground. 
 
 No. 2 — Geo. Allen farm — Right Beaver. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 S’late 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Black, gray and white sands.... 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 2 2 
 
 42 
 
 38 
 
 80 
 
 50 
 
 130 
 
 22 
 
 152 
 
 107 
 
 259 
 
 61 
 
 320 
 
 80 
 
 400 
 
 52 
 
 452 
 
 90 
 
 542 
 
 132 
 
 674 
 
 7 
 
 681 
 
 94 
 
 775 -'j 
 
 27 
 
 802 ! 
 
 98 
 
 900 r 
 
 17 
 
 917 J 
 
 75 
 
 992 
 
 9 
 
 1,001 
 
 7 
 
 1,008 
 
 70 
 
 1,078 
 
 v 2 
 
 
 142 
 
 1,093 
 
 47 
 
 1,140 
 
 Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike S’and. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
86 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No. 3 — Newt. Allen, farm — Right Reaver above Wilson Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Conductor 45 45 
 
 Slate 85 130 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 31 161 
 
 Slate 50 211 
 
 Gray sand 12 223 
 
 Slate 53 276 
 
 Gray sand 19 295 
 
 Slate 74 369 
 
 White sand 166 535 
 
 Slate 8 543 
 
 White sand (salt water) 205 748 
 
 Coal 2 2 750 
 
 Gray sand 18 768 
 
 Dark slate 28 796 
 
 Yellow slate 5 801 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas) 56 857 
 
 Black slate 13 870 
 
 White sand 15 885 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 4 — Mary Estep farm — Right Beaver. 
 
 Drift 58 58 
 
 Slate 40 98 
 
 Sand 21 119 
 
 Slate 81 200 
 
 Sand 29 229 
 
 Slate 10 239 
 
 Sand 14 253 
 
 Slate 69 322 
 
 Sand 20 342 
 
 Slate 98 440 
 
 Sand (gas) 118 558 
 
 Slate 2 560 
 
 Sand (saltwater) 112 672 
 
 Slate 30 702 
 
 Sand (gas, salt water) . ... 67 769 
 
 Slate 19 788 
 
 Shelly slate 52 840 
 
 Gray sand 44 884 
 
 Dark sand 9 893 
 
 White sand (gas, oil) # 87 980 
 
 Slate * 14 994 
 
 Light sand 26 1,020 
 
 Slate 23 1,043 
 
 Sand (oil and salt water) * 66 1,099 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 j- Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt S'and, 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 87 
 
 No. 5 — John Martin farm — Right Beaver. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 Drift 25 25 
 
 Slate 25 50 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Coal 3 2 53 Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate 17 70 
 
 Sand 51 121 
 
 Slate 34 155 
 
 Sand 55 210 
 
 Slate 2 '212 
 
 Sand 29 241 
 
 Slate 194 435 
 
 Sand (gas) 219 654 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Coal 2 2 656 
 
 Slate 19 685 
 
 Sand 105 790 Horton Sand. 
 
 Slate 3 793 
 
 Sand 31 824 
 
 Slate 3 827 
 
 Sand 35 862 
 
 Slate 35 897 
 
 Sand (oil; 56 953 Pike Sand. 
 
 Slate 34 987 
 
 Sand 10 997 
 
 Slate 5 1,002 
 
 Sand 18 1,020 
 
 Slate 29 1,049 
 
 Sand 67 1,116 Salt Sand. 
 
 The record is all in Coal measures and Conglomerate and shows the latter 
 broken by additional beds of slate and sand coming in. 
 
 No. 6 — John Martin farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand (oil) 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 40 
 
 4*0 
 
 
 15 
 
 55 
 
 
 5 
 
 60 
 
 
 35 
 
 95 
 
 
 15 
 
 110 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 67 
 
 177 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 27 
 
 204 
 
 
 8 
 
 212 
 
 
 43 
 
 255 
 
 
 57 
 
 312 
 
 
 . 20 
 
 332 
 
 
 107 
 
 439 
 
 
 231 
 
 670 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 6 
 
 676 
 
 
 6 
 
 682 
 
 
 30 
 
 712 
 
 
 137 
 
 849 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 10 
 
 859 
 
 
 23 
 
 882 
 
 
 30 
 
 912 
 
 
 84 
 
 996 " 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 1,000 
 
 f- Pike Sand. 
 
 36 
 
 1,036 _ 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1,044 " 
 
 
 43 
 
 1,087 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
88 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 7 — Estep farm — One and one-half miles below mouth of Jones’ Pork of Right 
 Beaver. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 160 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 S’and 
 
 
 262 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 173 
 
 435 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 10 
 
 445 
 
 j- Beaver Sand. ' 
 
 White sand 
 
 236 
 
 681 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 9 
 
 683 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 8 
 
 691 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 25 
 
 716 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 149 
 
 865 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 10 
 
 875 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 920 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 44 
 
 964 
 
 1 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 30 
 
 994 
 
 > Pike S’and. 
 
 White sand 
 
 43 
 
 1,036 
 
 J 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 18 
 
 1,054 
 
 
 White sand . . 
 
 26 
 
 1,080 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 8 — Mouth of Salt Iiick. 
 
 Soil 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 
 Black slate . 
 
 10 
 
 44 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 50 
 
 94 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 124 
 
 224 
 
 Conglomerateto 1,130. 
 
 Light slate 
 
 76 
 
 300 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 20 
 
 320 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 130 
 
 450 
 
 
 White sand (oil, gas, salt water) 
 
 212 
 
 662 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 30 
 
 692 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 108 
 
 800 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Coal 
 
 l 2 
 
 801 2 
 
 
 Black sand 
 
 12 2 
 
 814 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 30 
 
 844 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 59 
 
 903 
 
 
 White and gray sand (gas and oil) 
 
 93 
 
 996 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 60 
 
 1,056 
 
 
 White and gray sand (salt water) 
 
 50 
 
 1,106 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 11 
 
 1,117 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 13 
 
 1,130 ■] 
 
 Measures. 
 
 | 
 
 Slate and lime shells 
 
 35 
 
 1,165 
 
 Chester Group. 
 
 Lime and slate 
 
 8 
 
 1,173 
 
 Slate and lime shells 
 
 19 
 
 1,192 J 
 
 1 
 
 Lime (oil and gas at 1,269) 
 
 138 
 
 1,330 
 
 St. Louis Limestone. 
 
 Red shale 
 
 95 
 
 1,425 
 
 May correspond to Lo- 
 
 Slate and sand shells 
 
 181 
 
 1,606 
 
 gan Shale. 
 
 I 
 
 Black slate 
 
 44 
 
 1,650 
 
 L Waverly (Pocono). 
 
 Light-blue slate and sand shells.. 
 
 130 
 
 1,780 J 
 
 1 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 200 
 
 1,980 ] 
 
 
 Slaty lime (gas) 
 
 2 
 
 1,982 1 
 
 L, 
 
 Black slate (gas) 
 
 225 
 
 2,207 ! 
 
 ' Devonian Shales. 
 
 Soft, light slate. 
 
 33 
 
 2,240 J 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 89 
 
 No. 9 — Refat farm — Pitt’s Pork of Middle Creek. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Very dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Very dark sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand, pebbly at base (gas, oil 
 and salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sub. Carb. limestone 
 
 Red shale .... 
 
 Black slate ... 
 
 White and shelly slate 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White and shelly slate 
 
 Brown slate 
 
 White slate 
 
 Brown slate 
 
 Black slate (gas) 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 70 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 70 
 
 170 
 
 8 
 
 178 
 
 82 
 
 260 
 
 65 
 
 325 
 
 58 
 
 383 
 
 17 
 
 400 
 
 28 
 
 4i28 
 
 22 
 
 450 
 
 18 
 
 468 
 
 78 
 
 546 
 
 10 
 
 556 
 
 8 
 
 564 
 
 35 
 
 599 
 
 16 
 
 615 
 
 49 
 
 664 
 
 142 
 
 806 
 
 5 
 
 811 
 
 25 
 
 836 ) 
 
 34 
 
 870 \ 
 
 17 
 
 887 
 
 8 
 
 895 
 
 25 
 
 920 
 
 235 
 
 1,155 
 
 16 
 
 1,171 
 
 201 
 
 1,372 
 
 38 
 
 1,410 
 
 85 
 
 1,495 
 
 100 
 
 1,595 ( 
 
 95 
 
 1,690 { 
 
 60 
 
 1,760 J 
 
 96 
 
 1,856 
 
 12 
 
 1,868 [ 
 
 268 
 
 2,136 ( 
 
 15 
 
 2,141 J 
 
 Base of Conglomerate at 1,171. Chester either missing 
 feet of Sub. Carb. L. S. Bottom of well in Devonian. 
 
 No. 10 — Middle Creek, near Frestonsburg. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Drift 
 
 61 
 
 61 
 
 White sand 
 
 5 
 
 66 
 
 Light slate 
 
 34 
 
 100 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 4 
 
 104 
 
 Light slate 
 
 36 
 
 140 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 50 
 
 190 
 
 Black slate 
 
 5 
 
 195 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 260 
 
 Light slate 
 
 121 
 
 381 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 1,171 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike and Salt Sands. 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 St. Louis L. S’. 
 
 Logan Shale. 
 
 Waverly (Pocono). 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 or included in the 20) 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 851. 
 
90 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 White sand 175 
 
 Coal 4 
 
 Gray sand . . 15 
 
 Dark slate 15 
 
 White sand 114 
 
 Black slate 8 
 
 Dark sand 12 
 
 White sand (salt water) 15 
 
 Very dark sand 25 
 
 Black slate (gas and oil show) ... 25 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . . 62 
 
 Black lime 25 
 
 White lime 39 
 
 Depth. 
 556 
 560 
 575 
 . 590 
 
 704s 
 712 
 724 
 739 
 764 
 789 
 851 
 876 
 
 915 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 Beaver Sand 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Chester Lime. 
 
 Part of Chester, or 
 possibly top of St. 
 Louis. 
 
 No. 11 — Dan. Howard farm — Bight Beaver. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand (gas and salt water) . . . 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Very dark sand 
 
 Slate and sand shells 
 
 Black slate (oil show) 
 
 Sand (oil and salt water) 
 
 No. 12 — Jack Allen farm — Right Beaver, near Salt Lick, 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Black slate . . . . 
 Dark gray sand 
 Light slate 
 Black sand 
 Light slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 Black sand 
 Light slate 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 12 
 
 38 
 
 27 
 
 65 
 
 33 
 
 98 
 
 67 
 
 165 
 
 43 
 
 208 
 
 22 
 
 230 
 
 20 
 
 250 
 
 50 
 
 300 
 
 40 
 
 340 
 
 60 
 
 4i00 
 
 25 
 
 425 
 
 243 
 
 668 
 
 26 
 
 694 
 
 118 
 
 812 
 
 28 
 
 840 
 
 18 
 
 858 
 
 33 
 
 891 
 
 79 
 
 970 
 
 near 
 
 Salt I 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 26 
 
 55 
 
 35 
 
 90 
 
 12 
 
 102 
 
 55 
 
 157 
 
 44 
 
 201 
 
 15 
 
 216 
 
 5 
 
 221 
 
 22 
 
 243 
 
 12 
 
 255 
 
 35 
 
 290 
 
 3 
 
 293 
 
 47 
 
 340 
 
 18 
 
 358 
 
 10 
 
 368 
 
 19 
 
 387 
 
 27 
 
 414 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 91 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas and 
 
 salt water) 
 
 Coals 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray and black sands 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Black slate .... 
 
 Coal No. 1 
 
 White sand .... 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas; 
 Light slate .... 
 White sand .... 
 
 Light slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Dark gray sand . . 
 Very black slate. 
 
 Sand (gas) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 238 
 
 652 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 2 
 
 654- 
 
 
 8 
 
 662 
 
 
 ' 22 
 
 684 
 
 
 114 
 
 798 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 5 
 
 803 
 
 
 44 
 
 847 
 
 
 53 
 
 900 
 
 
 11 
 
 911 
 
 
 3 
 
 914 
 
 
 2 
 
 916 
 
 
 8 
 
 924 
 
 
 28 
 
 952 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 of Salt Lick. 
 
 
 22 ' 
 
 22 
 
 
 18 
 
 40 
 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 
 
 51 
 
 95 
 
 
 42 
 
 99 
 
 All Coal Mea: 
 
 28 
 
 127 
 
 Conglom 
 
 28 
 
 155 
 
 
 15 
 
 170 
 
 
 17 
 
 187 
 
 
 3 2 
 
 190 
 
 
 20 
 
 210 
 
 
 3 
 
 213 
 
 
 85 
 
 298 
 
 
 22 
 
 320 
 
 
 5 
 
 325 
 
 
 22 
 
 347 
 
 
 183 
 
 530 
 
 
 5 
 
 535 
 
 
 45 
 
 580 
 
 
 124 
 
 704 
 
 Beaver Sand 
 
 10 
 
 714 
 
 
 129 
 
 843 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 5 
 
 84/8 
 
 
 67 
 
 915 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 3 E 
 
 918 
 
 
 35 2 
 
 953 
 
 
 5 
 
 958 
 
 
 19 
 
 977 
 
 
 87 
 
 1,064 
 
 
 49 
 
 1,113 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 3 
 
 1,116 
 
 
 No. 14 — Near Howard’s Store — Right Beaver. 
 
 Conductor 31 
 
 Gray sand 50 
 
 Dark slate 60 
 
 Gray sand 13 
 
 Dark slate 74 
 
 Gray sand 43 
 
 Dark slate 216 
 
 White sand (gas) 171 
 
 31 
 
 81 
 
 1.41 
 
 154 
 
 228 
 
 271 
 
 487 
 
 658 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
92 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Dark slate 2 660 
 
 White sand (salt water) 104 764 
 
 Gray sand 22 786 
 
 White sand 108 894 
 
 Coal 1= 895 
 
 Gray sand 20 915 
 
 Dark slate 20 935 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas and 
 
 oil) 107 1,042 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 j> Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 No. 15 — Dan. Howard farm — Right Beaver, above Salt Dick. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 15 
 
 67 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 12 
 
 79 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 14 
 
 93 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 72 
 
 165 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 45 
 
 210 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 212 
 
 422 
 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 231 
 
 653 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 40 
 
 693 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) .... 
 
 107 
 
 800 
 
 *Horton Sand. 
 
 Coal 
 
 l 2 
 
 801 
 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 14! 
 
 815 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 4 
 
 819 
 
 
 Black sand 
 
 15 
 
 834 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas. and 
 
 46 
 
 880 
 
 
 oil) 
 
 59 
 
 939 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 16 — Tucker Allen 
 
 farm— 
 
 -Right Beaver, above 
 
 Goose 
 
 Creek. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Gray slate 
 
 
 41 
 
 99 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 155 
 
 
 Gray slate 
 
 
 107 
 
 262 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 40 
 
 302 
 
 
 Gray slate 
 
 
 78 
 
 3S0 
 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 
 
 
 
 438 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 42 
 
 4S0 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 168 
 
 648 
 
 Beaver S’and. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 32 
 
 680 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 94 
 
 774 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 41 
 
 815 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 10 
 
 825 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 
 835 
 
 
 Black and gray sands... 
 
 4 
 
 839 
 
 
 Yellow slate . . . . 
 
 
 6 
 
 S45 
 
 
 Gray and white 
 
 sands 
 
 (oil and 
 
 
 
 gas) 
 
 
 92 
 
 937 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 10 
 
 947 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) . 
 
 28 
 
 975 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,005 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 93 
 
 No. 17 — Webb farm — Henry Br. of Right Beaver. 
 
 S’oil 
 
 Very dark slate. 
 White sand 
 Light shale . . . . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Bark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand . . . . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Slate and shells. . 
 Sub. Carb. lime. . 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Shelly slate .... 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Very dark sand.. 
 Brown slate .... 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 
 45 
 
 78 
 
 
 72 
 
 150 
 
 
 59 
 
 209 
 
 
 17 
 
 226 
 
 
 25 
 
 251 
 
 
 21 
 
 272 
 
 
 18 
 
 290 
 
 
 160 
 
 450 
 
 
 60 
 
 510 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 7 
 
 517 
 
 
 103 
 
 620 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 8 
 
 628 
 
 
 20 
 
 648 
 
 
 24 
 
 672 
 
 
 63 
 
 735 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 15 
 
 750 
 
 
 12 
 
 762 
 
 
 95 
 
 857 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 15 
 
 872 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 76 
 
 948 j 
 
 1 Chester (Mauch 
 
 177 
 
 1,125 j 
 
 i Chunk). 
 
 195 
 
 1,320 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 35 
 
 1,355 
 
 Logan Shales. 
 
 205 
 
 1,560 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 76 
 
 1,636 1 
 
 Waverly (Pocono). 
 
 90 
 
 1,726 J 
 
 I 
 
 204 
 
 1,930 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 The 90-foot sand reported at 1,636 is at the place of the Berea grit. 
 No Big Injun sand shown. 
 
 These Floyd county records have been chosen from a large 
 number of records to show the position of the four Conglomerate 
 sands, and the section of the rocks under the Conglomerate 
 measures. Tn other records the sands constituting the Beaver, 
 Horton, Pike and Salt sands are often, one or more of them, 
 broken by the interpolation of beds of slate or by two of the 
 sands coming together, or by one of the sands suddenly thin- 
 ning down, to come in again elsewhere, this irregularity being 
 everywhere characteristic of the Conglomerate measures. 
 
94 
 
 ■No 
 
 NO. 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 PIKE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 . 1 — Schomherg Well — Caney Fork of John’s Creek 
 
 Drift 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Red rock 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Red shale and slate . . 
 
 Gray and white lime. 
 
 Slate 
 
 Reddish sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 2 — Cedar Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black sand (gas) . . . . 
 Sand (salt water) . . . 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Brown sand 
 
 Light slate ......... 
 
 ohn’s Creek. 
 
 
 ;kness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 
 30 
 
 72 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 32 
 
 101 
 
 Conglomerate to 1,336. 
 
 216 
 
 320 
 
 
 35 
 
 355 
 
 
 66 
 
 421 
 
 
 57 
 
 478 
 
 
 13 
 
 491 
 
 
 8 
 
 499 
 
 
 9 
 
 508 
 
 
 5 
 
 513 
 
 
 8 
 
 521 
 
 
 20 
 
 541 
 
 
 22 
 
 563 
 
 
 12 
 
 575 
 
 
 65 
 
 640 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 15 
 
 655 
 
 
 230 
 
 885 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 30 
 
 915 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 1.336 -i 
 
 Pike and Salt Sands. 
 
 421 
 
 
 
 > Base of Conglomerate 
 ^ Measures. 
 
 
 18 
 
 1,354 " 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,359 
 
 
 77 
 
 1,486 
 
 ^ Chester Group (Mauch 
 
 8 
 
 1,444 
 
 Chunk). 
 
 56 
 
 1,500 - 
 
 
 240 
 
 1,740 
 
 St. Louis, with oil and 
 gas at 1,615. 
 
 45 
 
 1,795 j 
 
 i 
 
 80 
 
 1,875 (' Big Injun Group. 
 
 260 
 
 2,135 
 
 Pocono Slate. 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 
 42 
 
 94 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 36 
 
 130 
 
 Conglomerate to 1,181. 
 
 88. 
 
 218 
 
 
 33 
 
 251 
 
 
 79 
 
 330 
 
 
 45 
 
 375 
 
 
 51 
 
 426 
 
 
 53 
 
 479 
 
 
 77 
 
 556 1 
 
 
 8 
 
 564 
 
 f* Beaver and Horton 
 
 193 
 
 757 J 
 
 Sands. 
 
 64 
 
 821 
 
 
 49 
 
 870 ) 
 
 
 10 
 
 880 J 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 50 
 
 930 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 95 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Dark limy sand 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (oil and salt water) . . 
 
 Drift 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Blue sand (salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 ckness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 190 
 
 1,120 i 
 
 j- S’alt Sand. 
 
 12 
 
 1,132 
 
 49 
 
 1,181 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 14 
 
 1,195 ' 
 
 
 16 
 
 1,211 
 
 
 25 
 
 1,236 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,248 
 
 1 Chester Group (Mauch 
 
 10 
 
 1,258 
 
 Chunk). ^ 
 
 20 
 
 1,278 
 
 
 3 
 
 1,281 
 
 
 69 
 
 1,350 > 
 
 
 1 
 
 1,351 
 
 St. Louis — nearly cut 
 out. 
 
 62 
 
 1,413 
 
 Keener Sand. 
 
 27 
 
 1,440 
 
 
 61 
 
 1,501 
 
 Big Injun, with oil and 
 salt water. 
 
 Creek. 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 
 27 
 
 61 
 
 
 32 
 
 93 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 53 
 
 146 
 
 Conglomerate to 1,400. 
 
 3 
 
 149 
 
 
 11 
 
 160 
 
 
 18 
 
 178 
 
 
 59 
 
 237 
 
 
 7 
 
 244 
 
 
 78 
 
 322 
 
 
 30 
 
 352 
 
 
 32 
 
 384 
 
 
 21 
 
 405 
 
 
 57 
 
 462 
 
 
 17 
 
 479 i 
 
 
 20 
 
 499 j 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 67 
 
 566 
 
 
 150 
 
 716 j 
 
 
 129 
 
 845 i 
 
 * Horton Sand. 
 
 35 
 
 880 
 
 
 146 
 
 1,026 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 I Pike Sand. 
 
 231 
 
 1,275 J 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 1,307 
 
 
 33 
 
 1,340 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,352 j 
 
 
 48 
 
 1,400 j 
 
 ' Salt Sand. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 
 90 
 
 1,490 " 
 
 Measures. 
 
 6 
 
 1,496 
 
 | 
 
 33 
 
 1,529 1 
 
 >■ Chester Group (Mauch 
 
 63 
 
 1,592 
 
 Chunk). 
 
 8 
 
 1,600 j 
 
 May be part of Mt. 
 
 30 
 
 1,630 
 
 Lime. 
 
 33 
 
 1,663 ) 
 
 
 23 
 
 1,686 } 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 65 
 
 1,751 
 
 Pocono Slate. 
 
96 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 4 — Big Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Limy sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light gray sand 
 
 Limy gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) 
 
 Coal 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 S’ub. carb. lime 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 46 
 15 
 55 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 64 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 75 
 
 15 
 
 355 
 
 27 
 
 22 
 
 47 
 
 14 
 47 
 
 3 2 
 
 134 
 
 3 2 
 
 12 
 
 24; 
 
 152 
 
 24 
 61 
 
 215 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 34 
 
 46 
 
 54 
 
 89 
 
 99 
 
 120 
 
 124 
 
 139 
 
 185 
 
 200 
 
 255 
 
 335 
 
 339 
 
 381 
 
 445 
 
 455 
 
 485 
 
 495 
 
 510 
 
 585 
 
 600 
 
 955 
 
 982 
 
 1,004 
 
 1,051 
 
 1,065 
 
 1,112 
 
 1,115 
 
 1,249 
 
 1,252 
 
 1,264 
 
 1,288 
 
 1,440 
 
 1,464 
 
 1,525 
 
 1,740 
 
 1,765 
 
 1,780 
 
 •To. 5 — riem. Maynard farm — Big Br. of Brushy Pork. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Sand 
 
 Light slate 
 Gray sand 
 Dark slate 
 White sand 
 Dark slate 
 White sand 
 Black slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Light slate 
 Gray sand . 
 Dark slate 
 Coal 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 54 
 
 11 
 
 37 
 
 62 
 
 30 
 16 
 
 3 s 
 
 7 
 
 105 
 
 31 
 4 2 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 40 
 
 94 
 
 105 
 
 142 
 
 204 
 
 234 
 
 250 
 
 253 
 
 260 
 
 365 
 
 396 
 
 400 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 1,525. 
 
 Beaver Sand (Thick- 
 ened). 
 
 "j 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 J 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 } Chester and Mountain 
 Lime. 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 1,312. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 97 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand (salt water) 
 
 Light slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand (gas and salt water) 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Lime (red shale at base) 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Dark-brown, slate 
 
 10 
 
 410 
 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 <M 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 443 
 
 f* Beaver S’and. 
 { 
 
 21 
 
 464 
 
 28 
 
 492 - 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 562 
 
 
 21 
 
 583 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 208 
 
 791 
 
 
 251 
 
 1,042 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 13 
 
 1,055 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,067 
 
 
 68 
 
 1,135 
 
 
 88 
 
 1,223 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1,231 
 
 >- Salt Sand. 
 
 56 
 
 1,287 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1,288 
 
 Base of Conglon 
 
 24 
 
 1,312 
 
 Measures. 
 
 12 
 
 1,324 1 
 
 15 
 
 1,339 
 
 
 61 
 
 1,400 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,412 
 
 
 8 
 
 1,420 
 
 
 49 
 
 1,469 
 
 ' Chester Group ( 
 
 28 
 
 1,497 
 
 Chunk). 
 
 24 
 
 1,521 
 
 
 18 
 
 1,539 
 
 
 27 
 
 1,566 , 
 
 
 214 
 
 1,780 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 20 
 
 1,800 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 410 
 
 2,210 
 
 Pocono Slates. 
 
 47 
 
 2,257 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 These Pike county wells start near the base of Coal Measures, No. 1 coal be- 
 ing about 100 feet above the bed of the river at Pikeville. 
 
 KNOTT COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Ball’s Pork, five and one-half miles from Hindman. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 S'a n d 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Coal 
 
 5 2 
 
 29 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 5 
 
 34 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 32 
 
 66 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 3 2 
 
 69 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 15 
 
 84 
 
 
 Sanrl 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 20 
 
 120 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 27 
 
 147 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 3 2 
 
 150 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 16 
 
 166 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 44 
 
 210 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 4 2 
 
 214 
 
 
98 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation, 
 
 Black slate 
 
 34 
 
 248 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 15 
 
 263 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 60 
 
 323 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 12 
 
 335 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 30 
 
 365 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 4 2 
 
 369 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 70 
 
 439 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 12 
 
 451 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 54 
 
 505 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 20 
 
 525 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 128 
 
 653 
 
 Probable top of Con- 
 
 White sand 
 
 37 
 
 690 
 
 glomerate Measures. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 62 
 
 752 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 25 
 
 777 
 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 188 
 
 965 
 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water, , 
 
 215 
 
 1,180 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 20 
 
 1,200 
 
 
 White and dark sands 
 
 126 
 
 1,326 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Dark slate (salt water) 
 
 12 
 
 1,338 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 312 
 
 1,650 
 
 Pike and Salt Sands. 
 
 No. 2 — J. M. Conley farm — Head of Salt Lick Cr. 
 
 Drift 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 30 
 
 52 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 20 
 
 72 ' 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 * 
 
 74 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 45 
 
 119 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 3 
 
 122 
 
 • 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 23 
 
 145 
 
 Top of Conglomerate 
 
 White sand 
 
 49 
 
 194 
 
 Measures. 
 
 Slate 
 
 54 
 
 248 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 47 
 
 295 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 50 
 
 345 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 48 
 
 393 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 45 
 
 438 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 30 
 
 468 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 70 
 
 538 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 50 
 
 588 ] 
 
 1 Beaver and Horton 
 
 White sand 
 
 250 
 
 838 i 
 
 j - Sands. 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 
 
 840 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 39 
 
 879 
 
 
 Gray and white sands (salt water) 
 
 105 
 
 984 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 25 
 
 1,009 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 15 
 
 1,014 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 156 
 
 1,180 
 
 
 White sand (oil and salt water) . . 
 
 28 
 
 1,208 
 
 Salt S’and. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 99 
 
 No. 3 — Triplett well — Jones Pork. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Sand and gravel 31 31 
 
 Slate 9 40 
 
 Coal 3 43 
 
 Slate and sand shells 80 123 
 
 Black shale 27 150 
 
 Sand 50 200 
 
 Slate 30 230 
 
 Sand 20 250 
 
 Black slate and sand shells 150 400 
 
 Sand (gas) 10 410 
 
 Slate 25 435 
 
 Sand 180 615 
 
 Slate 35 650 
 
 Sand 130 780 
 
 Broken sand and slate 100 880 
 
 Sand (black oil at 990) 110 990 
 
 Black slate 10 1,000 
 
 Slate and sand shells 51 1,051 
 
 Top of salt sand at 1,051 
 
 Stopped in broken sand at 1,096 
 
 No. 4— Wm. Inman farm — Rock Pork of Right Beaver. 
 
 Drift 24 24 
 
 Slate 30 54 
 
 Sand 12 66 
 
 Slate 19 85 
 
 Coal 2 87 
 
 Slate 45 132 
 
 Sand 15 147 
 
 Slate 41 188 
 
 Sand (salt water) 45 233 
 
 Slate 68 301 
 
 Sand 8 309 
 
 Slate 127 436 
 
 Sand 20 456 
 
 Slate 6 462 
 
 Sand 18 480 
 
 Slate 8 488 
 
 White sand 79 567 
 
 Slate ' 3 570 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 115 685 
 
 Slate ... 4 * 2 687 
 
 Light sand 22 709 
 
 Slate 38 747 
 
 White and gray sands (salt water) 124 871 
 
 Black slate 2 873 
 
 Gray sand (oil show) 20 893 
 
 Black slate 2 895 
 
 White sand (salt water) 121 1,016 
 
 Black slate 35 1,051 
 
 White sand (oil and salt water) . . 106 1,157 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Probable top of Con- 
 glomerate Measures. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt S’and. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
100 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 ffo. 5 — Andy Cobum farm — Bock Pork of Right Beaver. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate and red shale. 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate 
 
 26 
 
 38 
 
 16 
 
 6 2 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 145 
 
 8 2 
 
 67 
 
 26 
 
 64 
 
 80 
 
 86 
 
 95 
 
 115 
 
 260 
 
 26S 
 
 335 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 White sand . . . 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 375 
 
 385 
 
 462 
 
 472 
 
 Light gray sand 
 
 (oil and gas) .... 
 
 148 
 
 694 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 708 
 
 Very dark sand . 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 715 
 
 Gray sand (salt 
 
 water) . . 
 
 
 108 
 
 823 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 837 
 
 Gray sand (salt 
 
 water) . . 
 
 
 120 
 
 957 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 985 
 
 White sand (gas, 
 
 oil, 
 
 salt 
 
 water, . 
 
 126 
 
 1,111 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 1,146 
 
 Sand and slate . . 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 1,173 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 (salt water) 
 
 31 
 
 1,204 
 
 Black slate . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1,222 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 
 41 
 
 1,263 
 
 6 — Esther Horton 
 
 . farm — Rock Pork 
 
 of Right Beavei 
 
 Drift 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 121 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 135 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 176 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 212 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 215 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 250 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 151 
 
 401 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 410 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 445 
 
 White sand . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 213 
 
 65S 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 
 
 2 2 
 
 660 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 690 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 
 
 2 2 
 
 692 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 723 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 
 
 
 S9 
 
 812 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 824 
 
 Black sand 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 835 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 844 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 857 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 S62 
 
 White sand (gas, 
 
 oil, 
 
 salt 
 
 water) . 
 
 136 
 
 998 
 
 Black slate . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 1,015 
 
 Gray sand (gas; 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 1,092 
 
 White sand . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1,110 
 
 Gray limy sand. 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 1,139 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Probable top of Con- 
 glomerate Measures. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand (with a 
 break). 
 
 Salt Sand (with a 
 break) 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver S’and. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 101 
 
 No. 7 — Andy Coburn farm — Rock Pork. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 20 20 
 
 Slate 39 59 
 
 S'and 21 80 
 
 Slate 12 92 
 
 Coal 8 100 
 
 Sand 42 142 
 
 Slate 48 190 
 
 Sand 48 238 
 
 Slate 242 480 
 
 Sand (gas and salt water) 228 708 
 
 Slate 44 752 
 
 Sand 20 772 
 
 S’late (salt water) 16 788 
 
 Sand 63 851 
 
 Black slate 12 863 
 
 Gray sand 9 872 
 
 Black slate 9 881 
 
 White sand 52 933 
 
 Black slate 4 937 
 
 White sand 82 1,019 
 
 Black slate 28 1,047 
 
 White sand 51 1,098 
 
 Slate and shells 21 1,119 
 
 White sand (salt water) 29 1,148 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 L Pike Sand (with 
 break). 
 
 1 Salt Sand (with 
 break). 
 
 No. 8 — Webb farm — Above mouth of Jones’ Fork. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate and sand layers 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (gas, oil, salt water) . 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (salt water) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Black sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate to bottom. 
 
 35 35 
 
 5 40 
 
 40 80 All Coal Measures and 
 
 80 160 Conglomerate. 
 
 70 230 
 
 3 233 
 
 207 440 
 
 40 480 Beaver Sand. 
 
 20 500 
 
 220 720 Horton Sand. 
 
 5 725 
 
 127 852 Pike Sand. 
 
 35 887 
 
 25 912 ^ 
 
 94 1,006 \ Salt Sand - 
 
102 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 9 — Lindsay Triplett farm — Jones’ Pork. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Thickness. 
 36 
 
 Depth. 
 
 36 
 
 Slate . 
 
 
 6 
 
 42 
 
 Black sand 
 
 
 160 
 
 202 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 110 
 
 312 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 
 160 
 
 472 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 100 
 
 572 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 5 
 
 577 
 
 White sand (.salt water) 
 
 
 203 
 
 780 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 
 75 
 
 855 
 
 Black sand 
 
 
 20 
 
 875 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 25 
 
 900 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 125 
 
 1,025 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 25 
 
 1,050 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 75 
 
 1,125 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 20 
 
 1,145 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,175 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,180 
 
 White sand (salt water) . . . . 
 
 
 32 
 
 1,212 
 
 KNOX COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — John J. Disney farm — Big 1 Richland Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 15 15 
 
 Slate 35 50 
 
 Sand 5 55 
 
 Slate 45 100 
 
 Shale 140 240 
 
 Sand (oil show) 20 260 
 
 Shale 5 265 
 
 Sand 10 275 
 
 Sliale 85 360 
 
 Sand 20 380 
 
 Black sand I Oil, gas and 33 413 
 
 Gray sand j saltwater 79 492 
 
 Light sand J 68 560 
 
 No. 2 — W. M. Gilbert farm — Big Richland Creek. 
 
 Sand 60 60 
 
 Shale 120 ISO 
 
 Coal 6 186 
 
 Sand 18 204 
 
 Shale 66 270 
 
 Sand (salt water) 25 295 
 
 Shale 133 428 
 
 Sand (oil at 445) 67 495 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 103 
 
 No. 3 — Anthony Mills farm — Goose Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Soil 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Slate 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 Gravel 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 90 
 
 Coal 
 
 7 
 
 97 
 
 Gumbo 
 
 I 2 
 
 98 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 153 
 
 Sand 
 
 20 
 
 173 
 
 Shale 
 
 10 
 
 183 
 
 Slate 
 
 26 
 
 209 
 
 Sand 
 
 15 
 
 224 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 276 
 
 Salt sand . ... 
 
 7 
 
 283 
 
 Slate 
 
 92 
 
 375 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 389 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 No. 4 — Madeline Gray farm — Gray’s Station. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Shale 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Hard, black shale 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soft shale 
 
 White, hard lime 
 
 Soft, black lime 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 White lime 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Coarse, green sand 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White shale 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Pale-green sand and shale 
 
 Shale and sand 
 
 Dark shale and sand 
 
 Shale and sand 
 
 20 
 
 20 'I 
 
 80 
 
 100 
 
 215 
 
 315 
 
 30 
 
 345 
 
 150 
 
 495 j> 
 
 8 
 
 503 
 
 129 
 
 632 
 
 3 
 
 635 
 
 275 
 
 910 J 
 
 40 
 
 950 'l 
 
 20 
 
 970 
 
 10 
 
 980 | 
 
 % 25 
 
 1,005 ! 
 
 ' 24 
 
 1.029 | 
 
 41 
 
 1,070 
 
 10 
 
 1,080 1 
 
 28 
 
 1,108 J 
 
 70 
 
 1,178 
 
 5 
 
 1,183 
 
 90 
 
 1,273 
 
 4 
 
 1,277 
 
 241 
 
 1,301 [ 
 
 20 
 
 1,321 
 
 15 
 
 1,336 
 
 14 
 
 1,350 
 
 19 
 
 1,369 - 
 
 7 
 
 1,376 ) 
 
 20 
 
 1,396 J 
 
 24 
 
 1,420 'j 
 
 5 
 
 1,425 
 
 15 
 
 1,440 
 
 5 
 
 1,445 
 
 10 
 
 1,455 y 
 
 20 
 
 1,475 
 
 10 
 
 1,485 
 
 15 
 
 1,500 
 
 40 
 
 1,540 - 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Chester. 
 
 1" St. Louis. 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 }- Waverly. 
 
104 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Sand, lime and shale. 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 Lime and shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Shale and sand 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 Soil 
 
 Sand 
 
 Gray shale 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Mixed shale 
 
 Black shale and coal. 
 
 Stray sand (oil) 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 Clay 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (black oil show) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 Soil 
 
 Sand 
 
 White slate 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (show of oil) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Black slate (salt water and gas) . . 
 Sand 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 32 
 
 1,572 " 
 
 
 15 
 
 1,587 
 
 
 13 
 
 1,600 
 
 “ Waverly, continued. 
 
 15 
 
 1,615 
 
 
 50 
 
 1,665 „ 
 
 
 120 
 
 1,785 ) 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,790 j 
 
 ■ Devonian Shales. 
 
 5 
 
 1,795 
 
 
 25 
 
 1,820 ' 
 
 
 2 
 
 1,822 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,852 
 
 
 48 
 
 1,900 
 
 1 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,930 
 
 Niagara and Clinton. 
 
 5 
 
 1,935 
 
 (Base uncertain.) 
 
 20 
 
 1,955 
 
 
 7 
 
 1,962 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,974 
 
 
 . — Typical ‘ 
 
 ‘Jones Sand” welL 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 
 15 
 
 32 
 
 
 25 
 
 57 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 33 
 
 90 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 140 
 
 230 
 
 
 20 
 
 250 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 100 
 
 350 
 
 
 15 
 
 365 
 
 
 10 
 
 375 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 15 
 
 390 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 m — Little Richland 
 
 Creek. 
 
 *8 
 
 8 
 
 
 30 
 
 38 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 70 
 
 108 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 100 
 
 208 
 
 
 20 
 
 228 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 70 
 
 298 
 
 
 8 
 
 306 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 44 
 
 350 
 
 
 30 
 
 380 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 ) Richland 
 
 Creek. 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 
 60 
 
 140 
 
 
 20 
 
 160 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 85 
 
 245 
 
 
 15 
 
 260 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 30 
 
 290 
 
 
 5 
 
 295 
 
 
 68 
 
 363 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 105 
 
 NTo. 8 — John Wages farm — Little Richland Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 30 
 
 39 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand (black oil) 
 
 
 15 
 
 54 
 
 Wages Sand No. 1. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 50 
 
 104 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 20 
 
 124 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 20 
 
 144 
 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 
 18 
 
 162 
 
 Wages Sand No. 2. 
 
 9 — Barbourville. 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 (All Coal Measures 
 
 Fine, gray sand 
 
 
 20 
 
 110 
 
 "1 and Conglomerate). 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 
 90 
 
 200 
 
 r Wages Sand. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 15 
 
 215 
 
 J 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 
 25 
 
 240 
 
 
 Sand and black shale 
 
 
 25 
 
 265 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 10 
 
 275 
 
 j- Jones Sand. 
 
 Fine, gray sand 
 
 
 65 
 
 340 
 
 Black shale and sand 
 
 
 78 
 
 418 
 
 
 Fine, gray sand 
 
 
 42 
 
 460 
 
 
 Dark shale and sand 
 
 
 75 
 
 535 
 
 
 Fine, gray sand 
 
 
 5 
 
 540 
 
 Fine, brown sand 
 
 
 10 
 
 550 
 
 1 
 
 Epperson Sand. 
 
 Brownish sand (oil) 
 
 
 5 2 
 
 555 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 Brown sand (salt water) 
 
 
 25 
 
 580 
 
 Limestone reported at 1,200 feet. 
 
 10 — Dozier farm — righting Creek. 
 
 Sand 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 
 S’hale 
 
 
 25 
 
 41 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 123 
 
 167 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 23 
 
 190 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 35 
 
 225 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 15 
 
 240 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 120 
 
 360 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 100 
 
 460 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 15 
 
 475 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 250 
 
 725 
 
 Epperson Sand. 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 2 
 
 727 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 173 
 
 900 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 The lime reported in this well at 190 and 240 is probably close, hard sand. 
 
 Enough deep drilling has been done in Knox county to dem- 
 onstrate, when the records are combined with those from ad- 
 joining counties, the presence of the Big Injun sand under the 
 whole area at average depths of from 1,200 to 1,400 feet. At 
 points in this county this sand has already given strong hows 
 of gas and this, with the reputation this sand already has as 
 a producer in otherlocaliti.es, combined with the moderate depth 
 at which it can be reached, ought to make it worthy of a more 
 extended test of its possibilities as a producer here. 
 
106 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 ROCKCASTLE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 WELL. 
 
 
 Near Mullen’s Station. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Conglomerate 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 St. Louis limestone 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 St. Louis. ' 
 
 Fine sand 
 
 150 
 
 350 j 
 
 • Waverly. 
 
 STiale 
 
 200 
 
 550 j 
 
 Black shale 
 
 150 
 
 700 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 Heavy, sandy limestone 
 
 20 
 
 720 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Shale 
 
 30 
 
 750 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Shaly, blue limestone 
 
 300 
 
 1,050 " 
 
 : Hudson, with prob- 
 
 Sandy limestone 
 
 90 
 
 1,140 
 
 L ably some Upper 
 
 Thin, crystalline limestones 
 
 200 
 
 1,340 J 
 
 | Silurian at the top. 
 
 Gray, crystalline limestones 
 
 150 
 
 1,4-90 
 
 Trenton (?) 
 
 White, lithographic limestones. . . . 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Birdseye (?) 
 
 The upper part of the 150 feet of sand shown under the St. Louis L. S. belongs 
 to the “Big Injun.” 
 
 PULASKI COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Well at Eubanks. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 At 50 — .Very light, fine-grained, soft lime St. Louis. 
 
 160— Dark shale J.Waverly (50 to 360). 
 
 360 to 400 — Black shale Devonian. 
 
 At 400 — Dark gray, crystalline lime Corniferous. 
 
 510 — Gray lime (Clinton and Niagara not shown). 
 
 540 — Dark, greenish-gray, shaly lime Top of Hudson about 425. 
 
 675 — (Light shales and lime. 
 
 695 — Mottled, red lime. 
 
 700 — Mottled, red lime. 
 
 728 — Mottled, gray and white lime. 
 
 800 — Small flow of gas. 
 
 800 — Gray lime. 
 
 825 — Very dark lime. 
 
 870 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 928 — Very dark lime. 
 
 986 — Mixed, light and dark gray lime Top of Trenton about 950. 
 
 1,045 — Light lime. 
 
 1,100 — Mottled, gray lime. 
 
 1,125 — Mixed, gray and white lime Top of Birdseye about 1,200. 
 
 1,230 — Very dark dove-colored lime. 
 
 1,235 — Light dove-colored lime. 
 
 1,240 — Dark dove-colored lime Birdseye and Chazy to bottom. 
 
 1,245 — Hard, light-green sandstone, with dark specks. 
 
 1,250 — Mottled, dove-colored lime. 
 
 1,330 — Dove-colored lime. 
 
 1,400— “ “ “ 
 
 1,520 — “ “ “ 
 
 Bottom at 1,520. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 107 
 
 Attention is called to a persistent bed of red rock which ap- 
 pears in this well at 195 feet below the Black Shale, at 185 feet 
 below the Clinton in the Pine Knot well, at 155 feet below the 
 Black Shale in the Dishmgn well in Wayne county, and at 165 
 feet below the Black Shale in one of the Tennessee wells. It 
 shows at 695 and 700 in the above record. The same thing shows 
 in Warren county in the Bowling Green well at 180 feet below 
 the Black Shale, 
 
 WHITLEY COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. I — One mile north of Pine Knot. 
 
 This well was drilled by Mr. L. E. Bryant, who kept an ac- 
 curate set of samples of the drillings. The record is one of the 
 best in that section of the State and furnishes a typical sec- 
 tion of the Conglomerate measures in their increased thickness, 
 and of the underlying rocks down into the upper part of the 
 Trenton group. The well begins about 90 feet below the Laurel 
 coal and just below the top of the Conglomerate measures. 
 
 Pine Knot well. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Sand 55 55 
 
 Coal % 
 
 Sand 28 83 
 
 Slate 10 93 
 
 Sand 112 205 
 
 Slate 10 215 
 
 Sand 95 310 
 
 Slate 10 320 I 
 
 Slate and sand 10 330 I 
 
 ® a nd 5 335 Conglomerate Meas- 
 
 Slate 5 340 ' ures. 
 
 Sand 5 345 
 
 Slate 25 370 
 
 S’and 50 420 
 
 Slate 20 4'40 
 
 Sand 61 501 
 
 Coal 3 % 504% 
 
 Slate 56 560 
 
 Slate and sand 10 570 
 
 Sand 10 580 
 
 Slate 32 612 
 
108 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Sand 
 
 23 
 
 635 
 
 Slate 
 
 7 
 
 642 
 
 Sand 
 
 13 
 
 655 
 
 Slate 
 
 20 
 
 675 
 
 
 10 
 
 685 
 
 Slate 
 
 25 
 
 710 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 12 
 
 722 
 
 Slate 
 
 19 
 
 741 j 
 
 Coal 
 
 6 
 
 747 
 
 Slate and sand 
 
 13 
 
 760 
 
 Slate 
 
 7 
 
 767 
 
 Sand 
 
 8 
 
 775 
 
 Slate and sand 
 
 10 
 
 785 
 
 Sand 
 
 15 
 
 800 
 
 Black slate 
 
 7 
 
 807 - 
 
 Red sand - 
 
 11 
 
 818 'j 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 3 
 
 821 
 
 
 6 
 
 827 1 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 20 
 
 847 
 
 Brown, limy marl 
 
 8 
 
 855 1 
 
 Dark blue slate 
 
 7 
 
 862 \ 
 
 Reddish lime 
 
 4 
 
 866 
 
 Light brown, limy marl 
 
 10 
 
 876 
 
 Dark blue slate 
 
 4 
 
 880 
 
 Light brown, limy marl 
 
 5 
 
 885 
 
 Gray, limy marl and blue slate... 
 
 15 
 
 900 v 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 55 
 
 955 ' 
 
 Light lime with oolite 
 
 20 
 
 975 
 
 Dove-colored lime 
 
 5 
 
 980 
 
 Dark lime and shale 
 
 5 
 
 985 
 
 Light colored lime 
 
 20 
 
 1,005 
 
 Dark lime with streaks of shale . 
 
 25 
 
 1,030 
 
 Dark shale and lime. 
 
 5 
 
 1,035 
 
 Dark dove-colored lime 
 
 20 
 
 1,055 1 
 
 White and brown limes with lay- 
 
 
 
 ers of black slate 
 
 20 
 
 1,075 1 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 5 
 
 1,080 | 
 
 Gray limy shale 
 
 5 
 
 1,085 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 20 
 
 1,105 1 
 
 Light dove-colored and white limes 
 
 190 
 
 1,295 J 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 5 
 
 1,300 ^ 
 
 Light green, sandy lime 
 
 5 
 
 1,305 1 
 
 Very light brown, sandy lime.... 
 
 15 
 
 1,320 1 
 
 Very dark lime and slate 
 
 10 
 
 1,330 1 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 20 
 
 1,350 1 
 
 Dark, limy sand 
 
 10 
 
 1,360 1 
 
 Brownish, impure lime 
 
 10 
 
 1,370 1 
 
 Dark, limy slate 
 
 10 
 
 1,380 1 
 
 Very dark lime 
 
 30 
 
 1.410 
 
 Dark, limy slate 
 
 5 
 
 1,415 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 5 
 
 1,420 | 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 8 
 
 1,428 
 
 White and gray limes 
 
 12 
 
 1,440 
 
 Light lime 
 
 30 
 
 1,470 
 
 Gray and white limes 
 
 20 
 
 1,490 
 
 Hard, dark and white sands 
 
 5 
 
 1,495 
 
 Alternating, gray and white sands 
 
 
 
 and sandy limestones 
 
 65 
 
 1,560 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 ures, continued. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate. 
 
 Chester Group. 
 
 St. Louis Group. 
 
 Oil Show. 
 
 Keokuk — Waverly 
 Group. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 109 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soft, limy shale and hard sand 
 
 shell 5 1,565 
 
 Gray, sandy lime 5 1,570 
 
 Dark, limy shale 30 1,600 
 
 Black shale 15 1,615 
 
 Dark brown shale 15 1,630 
 
 Black shale 5 1,635 
 
 Dark brown shale 5 1,640 
 
 Black shale 5 1,645 
 
 Dark, greenish shales 30 1,675 
 
 Greenish-gray shales with streaks 
 
 of lime a'nd reddish shale. — 47 1,720 
 
 Red iron ore at 1,720 
 
 Iron ore, dark shales and magne- 
 sian limestone 15 1,735 
 
 Dark, limy shale 7 1,742 
 
 Dark limes and limy shales 43 1,785 
 
 Dark limes 55 1,840 
 
 Dark gray and dark reddish limes 40 1,880 
 
 Dark and light gray limes and 
 
 dark, limy slate 85 1,915 
 
 Dark, reddish lime 25 1,940 
 
 Dark gray lime 35 1,975 
 
 Dark bluish-gray and white limes 305 2,280 
 
 Cave in dark slate at 2,290 
 
 Dark, bluish-gray and white limes 102 2,392 
 
 Blue and white limes and gray 
 
 lime shale 18 2,410 
 
 Light -gray lime shale with dark 
 
 slate shells 12 2,422 
 
 Gray lime 30 2,452 
 
 Grayish-brown and white crystal- 
 line limes 59 2,511 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Keokuk- Waverly 
 
 Group, continued. 
 
 J 
 
 - Devonian Shales. 
 
 j- Niagara Shales, 
 f- Clinton. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 J About base of Hudson. 
 ► Trenton Group. 
 
 J 
 
 No. 2 — J. P. Sharp farm — Rockhold Station — Eastern edge of Whitley county. 
 
 Soil 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 36 
 
 50 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 56 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 
 145 
 
 Conglomerate to 1,057. 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 155 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 185 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 205 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 315 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 505 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 545 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 165 
 
 710 
 
 ' 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 740 
 
 
 White sand (oil show) 
 
 230 
 
 970 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 1,005 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 1,031 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 
 
 1,033 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 4' 
 
 1,037 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 1,0412 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 1,057 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
110 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 White lime . 
 Black shale . 
 White sand . 
 White shale 
 White lime 
 White shale 
 White lime . 
 White shale 
 White lime . 
 Brown sand 
 Blue sand . . 
 Blue shale . . 
 Brown shale 
 White shale 
 Brown shale 
 White shale 
 Red shale . . 
 White shale 
 Red shale . . 
 White shale 
 White lime . 
 
 STiale 
 
 White lime 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 5 
 
 1,062 
 
 4 
 
 1,066 
 
 25 
 
 1,091 
 
 60 
 
 1,151 
 
 54 
 
 1,205 
 
 50 
 
 1,255 
 
 30 
 
 1,285 
 
 5 
 
 1,290 
 
 265 
 
 1,555 
 
 35 
 
 1,590 
 
 ' 27 
 
 1,617 
 
 188 
 
 1,805 
 
 120 
 
 1,925 
 
 15 
 
 1,940 
 
 5 
 
 1,945 
 
 60 
 
 2,005 
 
 5 
 
 2,010 
 
 35 
 
 2,045 
 
 15 
 
 2,060 
 
 5 
 
 2,065 
 
 70 
 
 2,135 
 
 70 
 
 2,205 
 
 25 
 
 2,230 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 - Chester and St. Louis. 
 
 J 
 
 j- Big Injun. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 j* Devonian Shales. 
 
 * Niagara and Clinton 
 Shales. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 WAYNE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 Id Wavne but few complete records have been kept, in the 
 great majority of wells the depth of the pay below the surface 
 being all that is recorded. Logs of two deep wells showing the 
 section down to very old rocks are given, with a log showing the 
 average section for 1,000 feet in depth and logs showing the 
 Mt. Pisgah gas field. These, with the average depths given for 
 the Beaver sand, cover the field fairly well. In the northwest- 
 ern part of the county, the Black Shale comes to the surface and 
 the Beaver sand is above drainage. The first two. records show 
 the increased thickness of the Trenton group, with the Knox 
 dolomite coming in above the Calciferous. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 111 
 
 No. 1 — H. McBeath farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Surface 
 
 
 o 1 
 
 | 
 
 Space (lime and shales) .... 
 
 764 
 
 764 i 
 
 1 St. Louis, Keokuk and 
 
 Beaver sand (thin) 
 
 
 772 ] 
 
 i Waverly. 
 
 Space (slate) 
 
 
 822 J 
 
 1 
 
 Black shale 
 
 35 
 
 857 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Lime (includes both Sunnybrook 
 
 
 
 sands) 
 
 803 
 
 1,660 
 
 Hudson and Upper 
 
 
 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 White slate 
 
 3 
 
 1,663 
 
 Top of Birdseye. 
 
 Dark brown lime 
 
 277 
 
 1,940 ' 
 
 
 Lime shells and slate 
 
 260 
 
 2,200 
 
 
 Dark brown lime 
 
 30 
 
 2,230 
 
 ” Birdseye and Chazy 
 
 Dark and light lime 
 
 170 
 
 2,400 
 
 and Knox Dolomite. 
 
 Flint shells 
 
 
 2,430 „ 
 
 
 White salt sand 
 
 5 
 
 2,435 
 
 Top of Calciferous. 
 
 Well started near top of St. 
 
 Louis Group. 
 
 
 
 The Trenton Group includes 
 
 about 250 feet 
 
 of the 
 
 lower part of the 803 
 
 feet of limestone, and also the Birdseye and Chazy down to about 2,230, and 
 the Knox Dolomite down to 2,430. 
 
 The upper part of the 803 feet of limestone is mostly Hudson, with probably 
 a very little Clinton at the top. 
 
 No. 2 — J. W. Barnes farm. 
 
 Lime 
 
 Gray slate 
 
 Gray and white lime and slate... 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Pepper and salt lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Brown flint 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 White sand (oil show) 
 
 Brown, flinty lime 
 
 Light brown sand 
 
 White lime 
 
 Lime 
 
 White salt sand 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 254 
 
 254 
 
 140 
 
 394 
 
 46 
 
 440 
 
 40 
 
 480 
 
 100 
 
 580 
 
 300 
 
 880 
 
 200 
 
 1,080 
 
 10 
 
 1,090 
 
 200 
 
 1,290 
 
 60 
 
 1,350 
 
 540 
 
 1,890 
 
 25 
 
 1,915 
 
 15 
 
 1,930 
 
 5 
 
 1,935 
 
 10 
 
 1,945 
 
 10 
 
 1,955 
 
 26 
 
 1,981 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Devonian. 
 
 Hudson and Upper 
 - Trenton. 
 
 =; Top of Birdseye. 
 
 _ Birdseye and Chazy 
 and Knox Dolomite. 
 
 Calciferous. 
 
112 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 3 — J. A. Brown farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 35 35 
 
 White lime 165 200 
 
 Hard, black sand (gas at 335).... 138 338 'l 
 
 Soft, black slate 2 340 
 
 White sand (gas) 2 342 
 
 Black lime 8 350 
 
 White lime (gas) 50 4'00 
 
 Black slate 75 475 
 
 White lime 10 485 1 . 
 
 Black slate 5 490 
 
 Hard, white sand 12 502 
 
 Hard, white lime 48 550 
 
 Blue slate 30 580 
 
 Pay sand (“Beaver” sand) oil 8 588 
 
 Blue slate 2 590 J 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 About base of St. 
 Louis Group. 
 
 Waverly — Keokuk 
 Group. 
 
 No. 4 — Well west of Mill Springs. (Starts in base of St. Louis.) 
 
 Lime 360 360 
 
 Beaver sand 11 371 
 
 Black shale 380 Devonian Shale. 
 
 Sunnybrook sand 81Q to 960 
 
 Bottom 1,003 Bottom in Trenton 
 
 L. S. 
 
 This record shows reputed thickness of the Sunnybrook sand. The upper 
 pay in this is in Lower Hudson and the second in the Trenton. 
 
 No. 5 — Dishman well. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Hard, white limestone 
 
 170 
 
 170 
 
 White sandstone 
 
 100 
 
 270 
 
 Limestone 
 
 310 
 
 580 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 30 
 
 610 
 
 Black shale 
 
 35 
 
 645 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 35 
 
 680 
 
 Limestone 
 
 120 
 
 800 -j 
 
 Slate and red rock 
 
 20 
 
 820 1 
 
 Soft, slaty lime 
 
 448 
 
 1,268 | 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 28 
 
 1,296 } 
 
 Black pencil cave 
 
 4 
 
 1,300 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 20 
 
 1,320 1 
 
 White cave 
 
 5 
 
 1,325 j 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 S't. Louis. 
 
 May be Big Injun. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Devonian. 
 
 Probably Clinton. 
 
 Hudson and Upper 
 Trenton. 
 
 The base of the Hudson is probably about 1,268, showing a slight thick- 
 ening south from the Cumberland river. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 113 
 
 No. 6 — Duncan & Bohon farm. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Top of “Beaver” sand 730 
 
 Bottom of “Beaver” sand 736 
 
 Top of Black Shale 765 
 
 Bottom of Black Shale 807 
 
 No. 7 — Cyrus Brown farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Hard, white limestone 
 
 105 
 
 105 
 
 
 Bluish-white limestone 
 
 10 
 
 115 
 
 About base of St. 
 
 White lime 
 
 60 
 
 175 ' 
 
 Louis. 
 
 Dark lime (gas at 205) 
 
 69 
 
 244. 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 55 
 
 299 
 
 
 Hard, black lime (gas at 305) . . 
 
 30 
 
 329 
 
 
 Hard, dark lime 
 
 40 
 
 369 
 
 Waverly — Keokuk 
 
 Hard, white lime 
 
 20 
 
 389 
 
 1 Group. 
 
 Soft, white lime 
 
 116 
 
 505 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 25 
 
 535 I 
 
 1 
 
 Hard shell 
 
 
 545 | 
 
 
 White sand (Beaver sand) . . . . 
 
 13 
 
 558 J 
 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 40 
 
 598 
 
 Devonian Black Shale. 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 15 
 
 613 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 477 
 
 1,090 
 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 210 
 
 1,300 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 45 
 
 1,345 
 
 
 Dark flint 
 
 
 1,350 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 152 
 
 1,502 
 
 
 Bottom of well is probably in the Chazy limestone. 
 
 8 — J. H. Duncan well. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 363 
 
 St. Louis and Keokuk. 
 
 White slate 
 
 
 423 
 
 Waverly Shale. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 457 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 950 ' 
 
 1 
 
 Sunnybrook sand 
 
 120 
 
 1,070 
 
 r Hudson and Trenton. 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 1,158 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 R. E. Vickery farm. 
 
 No. 1 
 
 Top of Beaver sand 414i 
 
 Bottom of Beaver sand 430 
 
 No. 2 No. 3 
 417 412 
 
 432 430 
 
 No. 4 No. 5 
 409 403 
 
 423 419 
 
 Hurt farm — Cooper District. 
 
 No. 1 No. 2 
 
 Top of Cooper sand 346 434 ' 
 
 Bottom of Cooper sand 360 450 
 
114 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Mt. Pisgah gfas wells. (Start in St. Iiouis L. S.) 
 
 No. 1 — Depth, 200 feet. 
 
 Capacity about 7,000,000 feet per day. 
 
 No. 2 — Gas at 260. 
 
 Top of Black Shale, 430. 
 
 Capacity, 2,000,000 feet per day. 
 
 No. 3 — Gas at 260. 
 
 Top of Black Shale, 445. 
 
 Capacity, 3,000,000 feet per day. 
 
 These three wells were drilled deeper, but the main flow of gas is given at 
 260 below the surface. 
 
 In the Cooper, Beaver Creek, Steubenville, Chenoe and Mill Springs dis- 
 tricts, the records show the Beaver sand just above the Black Shale and at 
 depths varying from 340 to 600 or more feet, according to the elevation of the 
 surface. 
 
 CLINTON COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Sarah Sidwell farm — Cartwright district. Depth. 
 
 Starts about at top of Waverly 0 
 
 Top of Black Shale 350 
 
 Base of Black Shale 380 
 
 Limestone to bottom at 1,150 
 
 Gas and amber oil in Hudson at 649 
 
 No. 2 — W. J. Williams farm — Cartwright district. 
 
 Starts near top of Waverly 0 
 
 Top of Black Shale 330 
 
 Base of Black Shale 355 
 
 Limestone to bottom. 
 
 Green oil from 836 to 854 in Hudson. 
 
 CUMBERLAND COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 The Cumberland county wells all start in the Hudson, at 
 varying distances below the Black Shale, and are entirely within 
 the Hudson and Trenton groups, with the greatest part of their 
 depth in the latter. The Hudson here is cut down in thick- 
 ness to probably about 450 feet. In the Trenton group are here 
 included all the rocks from the top of the Trenton (Bluegrass) 
 limestones proper, down through the Birdseye, Cliazy and Knox 
 dolomite. This is the arrangement adopted by Hr. Safford in 
 his report on the geology of Tennessee, and is used here pro- 
 visionally and until a more definite classification can be given 
 to this group. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 115 
 
 As will be seen from these records, the limestones under the 
 Chazy have thickened very much, one record (No. 20) showing 
 over 1,250 feet of limestones below the top of the Trenton group, 
 with an oil-bearing sand nearly 1,000 feet below the top of the 
 Trenton, and the base of the limestone series still not reached. 
 These records show a list of limestones of such varying hard- 
 ness and color as to make it impossible at present to draw the 
 line exactly between the Hudson and Trenton rocks, but the 
 approximate position of the oil and gas-bearing horizons (as 
 to whether in Hudson or Trenton groups) is given as closely 
 as possible. The only definite mark in the field seems to. be 
 the green “pencil cave.” The best production is below this and 
 apparently from limestones in the Chazy, but at no fixed dis- 
 tance below the pencil cave. 
 
 Ho. 1 — Wm. Hurt farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geeological Formation 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 
 Gray lime (gas) 
 
 125 
 
 185 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 140 
 
 325 
 
 
 Black lime (gas) 
 
 45 
 
 370 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Gi’ay lime 
 
 55 
 
 425 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 50 
 
 475 
 
 
 Gray lime (gas) 
 
 30 
 
 505 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Black lime 
 
 40 
 
 545 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 90 
 
 635 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 30 
 
 665 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 115 
 
 780 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 70 
 
 850 
 
 
 Gray lime (show of oil and gas) . 
 
 65 
 
 915 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 125 
 
 1,040 
 
 
 Gray lime . 
 
 215 
 
 1,255 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 . 7 
 
 1,262 
 
 
 No. 2— Wm. Hurt, No. 2. 
 
 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 300 
 
 300 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 Black lime 
 
 220 
 
 620 
 
 All in Hudson and 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 30 
 
 650 
 
 Trenton Groups. 
 
 White lime 
 
 70 
 
 720 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Pencil cave at 625. 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
116 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 3 — B. F. Irvine farm. 
 
 Soft, blue lime (oil) 
 
 Soft, black lime (salt water) . . 
 Soft, gray lime (sulphur water) 
 Hard, white lime (salt water) . . 
 Soft, gray lime (sweet water) . . 
 
 Soft, black lime (gas) 
 
 Soft, gray lime (pencil cave) . . 
 Hard, gray lime (bitter water) . 
 Soft, gray lime (salt water) 
 Hard, gray lime (salt water) . . . 
 Soft, white lime (salt water) . . 
 Hard, white lime (salt water) . . 
 Soft, gray lime (salt water) . . . . 
 Hard, gray lime (copper water) 
 Soft, gray lime 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 125 
 
 200 
 
 
 200 
 
 400 
 
 
 40 
 
 440 
 
 
 20 
 
 460 
 
 
 60 
 
 520 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 50 
 
 570 
 
 
 40 
 
 610 
 
 
 40 
 
 650 
 
 
 25 
 
 675 
 
 
 20 
 
 695 
 
 
 55 
 
 750 
 
 
 95 
 
 845 
 
 
 80 
 
 925 
 
 
 75 
 
 1.000 
 
 
 4 — Win. Bryant farm. 
 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 Blue lime (gas at 225) 
 
 200 
 
 250 Hudson. 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 50 
 
 300 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 75 
 
 375 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 50 
 
 425 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 150 
 
 575 
 
 Dark gray lime (pencil cave at 
 
 
 
 600) 
 
 50 
 
 625 
 
 White lime 
 
 100 
 
 725 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 30 
 
 755 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 100 
 
 855 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 50 
 
 905 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 '75 
 
 980 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 52 
 
 1,032 
 
 5 — W. M. Bryant, No. 2. 
 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 Hard, black lime 
 
 30 
 
 130 
 
 Soft, black lime 
 
 350 
 
 480 
 
 White lime (small gas) 
 
 20 
 
 500 Trenton. 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 20 
 
 520 
 
 White lime 
 
 20 
 
 540 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 20 
 
 560 
 
 White lime 
 
 15 
 
 575 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 83 
 
 658 
 
 Pencil cave ! 
 
 2 
 
 660 
 
 White lime 
 
 90 
 
 750 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 360 
 
 1,110 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 270 
 
 1,380 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 20 
 
 1,400 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 117 
 
 No. 6 — Ellen Smith farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 10 10 
 
 Blue lime 90 100 
 
 Black lime 20 120 
 
 Gray lime (gas at 135) 50 170 
 
 Gray lime 22 192 
 
 Brown lime (gas at 220) 60 252 
 
 Black lime 150 402 
 
 Gray lime 108 510 
 
 Black lime (gas at 520) SO 590 
 
 Green pencil cave 3 593 
 
 Brown lime 30 623 
 
 Brown lime and sand 93 716 
 
 Brown lime 69 785 
 
 Brown lime 18 803 
 
 Brown lime 85 888 
 
 Brown lime 81 969 
 
 Brown lime (oil show at 975) .... 12 981 
 
 Gray lime 6 987 
 
 Brown lime 18 1,005 
 
 No. 7— Cloyd Heirs, No. 3. 
 
 S’oil 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Black lime (gas at 445) 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Green pencil cave 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Brown lime and sand.. 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Dark brown lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Light gray lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 White lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 White lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 160 
 
 202 
 
 30 
 
 232 
 
 40 
 
 272 
 
 30 
 
 302 
 
 75 
 
 377 
 
 70 
 
 447 
 
 48 
 
 495 
 
 7 
 
 502 
 
 2 
 
 504 
 
 5 
 
 509 
 
 30 
 
 539 
 
 131 
 
 670 
 
 15 
 
 685 
 
 85 
 
 770 
 
 75 
 
 845 
 
 IS 
 
 863 
 
 20 
 
 883 
 
 57 
 
 940 
 
 40 
 
 1,120 
 
 60 
 
 1,080 
 
 40 
 
 1,120 
 
 80 
 
 1,200 
 
 60 
 
 1,260 
 
 60 
 
 1,320 
 
 20 
 
 1,340' 
 
 20 
 
 1,360 
 
 30 
 
 1,390 
 
 30 
 
 1,420 
 
 80 
 
 1,500 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
118 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 8 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 1. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 250 
 
 250 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 20 
 
 270 
 
 
 Dark brown lime 
 
 55 
 
 325 
 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 30 
 
 355 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 45 
 
 400 
 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 48 
 
 448 
 
 
 Gray lime (gas at 448) 
 
 44 
 
 492 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Dark blue lime (oil show at 492) . 
 
 12 
 
 504 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Gray lime (oil show at 505) 
 
 12 
 
 516 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Green pencil cave 
 
 3 
 
 519 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 6 
 
 525 
 
 
 Brown lime (gas at 525) 
 
 24 
 
 549 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 25 
 
 574 
 
 
 Light gray lime 
 
 35 
 
 609 
 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 23 
 
 632 
 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 6 
 
 638 
 
 
 Dark blue lime 
 
 15 
 
 653 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 32 
 
 685 
 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 15 
 
 700 
 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 150 
 
 850 
 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 50 
 
 900 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 40 
 
 940 
 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 60 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 No. 9 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 2. 
 
 Dark blue lime 200 200 
 
 Blue lime 60 260 
 
 Gray lime 43 303 
 
 Dark gray lime 60 363 
 
 Brown lime 33 396 
 
 Dark gray lime 29 425 
 
 Light gray lime 40 465 
 
 Gray lime 60 525 
 
 Black lime 30 555 
 
 Lime and sand 18 573 
 
 Green pencil cave 2 575 
 
 Brown lime 30 605 
 
 Gray lime 18 623 
 
 Lime and sand (oil show at 654) . . 47 670 
 
 Dark brown lime 24 694 
 
 Brown lime 21 715 
 
 Gray lime 43 75S 
 
 Dark brown lime 32 790 
 
 Brown lime 10 800 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 10 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 3. 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 Gravel 
 
 3 
 
 78 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 80 
 
 168 
 
 Black lime 
 
 50 
 
 208 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 30 
 
 238 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 20 
 
 258 
 
 Dark blue lime 
 
 25 
 
 283 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 119 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Lime and sand (heavy gas flow at 
 
 290) 15 298 
 
 Brown lime 50 348 
 
 Light brown lime 60 408 
 
 Brown lime 30 438 
 
 Gray lime 10 448 
 
 Light gray lime 45 493 
 
 Black lime 30 523 
 
 Lime and sand 9 532 
 
 Green pencil cave 3 535 
 
 Brown lime 30 565 
 
 Green lime 56 621 
 
 Brown lime (oil at 643) 22 643 
 
 Light brown lime 21 664 
 
 No. 11 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 4. 
 
 Blue lime 60 60 
 
 Black lime 30 90 
 
 Gray lime 60 150 
 
 Blue lime 40 190 
 
 Dark blue lime 30 220 
 
 Lime and sand 65 285 
 
 Brown lime (gas at 290) 50 335 
 
 Light brown lime 60 395 
 
 Light gray lime 10 405 
 
 Gray lime 40 445 
 
 Light gray lime 25 470 
 
 Black lime 30 500 
 
 Lime and sand 10 510 
 
 Green pencil cave 3 513 
 
 Brown lime (gas at 520) 25 538 
 
 Lime and sand (gas at 555) 17 555 
 
 Brown lime (oil at 567) . . . 12 567 
 
 Brown lime 33 600 
 
 Dark brown lime 20 620 
 
 Brown lime (gas at 625) 5 625 
 
 Brown lime (oil at 629) 4 629 
 
 Brown lime 17 646 
 
 Brown lime 20 666 
 
 Light brown lime (gas at 685) .... 19 685 
 
 Brown lime (oil at 712) 27 712 
 
 Brown lime 10 722 
 
 No. 12 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 5. 
 
 Blue lime 100 100 
 
 Blue lime 150 250 
 
 Gray lime (gas at 408) 200 450 
 
 Black lime 40 490 
 
 Pencil cave 10 500 
 
 Gray lime (oil show at 532) 200 700 
 
 Gray lime (oil show at 765) 201 901 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
120 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 13 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 6. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 54 54 
 
 Blue lime 80 134 
 
 Gray lime 30 164 
 
 Blue lime 36 200 
 
 Black lime (gas at 250) 50 250 
 
 Blue lime (gas at 310) 60 310 
 
 Brown lime 100 410 
 
 Blue lime i 35 445 
 
 Black lime (oil at 445) 30 475 
 
 Gray lime 5 480 
 
 Green pencil cave 3 483 
 
 Hard, brown lime 4 487 
 
 Soft, brown lime..._ 25 512 
 
 Sandy lime (oil at 561) 49 561 
 
 Lime 244 805 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 No. 14 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 8. 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Oil at 603, 671, 701 and 910.. 
 
 300 300 
 
 100 400 
 
 100 500 
 
 25 525 
 
 10 535 
 
 468 1,003 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 No. 15 — J. E. Heard farm, No. 9. 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Pencil cave at 525. 
 
 Oil at 553 and 756 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 400 
 
 100 
 
 500 
 
 280 
 
 780 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 No. 16 — W. R. Neely farm. 
 
 Soil 8 8 
 
 Blue lime 100 108 
 
 Dark blue lime 42 150 
 
 Black lime 132 282 
 
 Gray lime 18 300 
 
 Brown lime 50 350 
 
 Dark brown lime 30 380 
 
 Dark gray lime 20 400 
 
 Gray lime 30 430 
 
 Brown lime 42 472 
 
 Black lime 53 525 
 
 Gray lime and sand 10 535 
 
 Pencil cave . 2 537 
 
 Gray lime 4 541 
 
 Brown lime 30 571 
 
 Brown lime 70 641 
 
 Lime and sand 50 691 
 
 Brown lime 100 791 
 
 Brown lime 70 861 
 
 Brown lime 13 874 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 121 
 
 No. 17 — J. W. Cloyd farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Lime 350 350 
 
 Gray sand 125 475 
 
 Lime 33 508 
 
 White slate 2 510 
 
 White lime (oil show at 522).... 35 545 
 
 White lime 100 645 
 
 White lime 55 700 
 
 Sand 150 850 
 
 Gray lime 30 880 
 
 White slate 10 890 
 
 Dark lime 35 925 
 
 White lime 25 950 
 
 No. 18 — W. J. Hutchins farm. 
 
 Blue lime (gas at 80) 80 80 
 
 Light gray lime 60 140 
 
 Gray lime 50 190 
 
 Dark gray lime 10 200 
 
 Brown sand 6 20# 
 
 Gray sand 7 213 
 
 Black lime 6 219 
 
 Brown sand 6 225 
 
 Black lime (gas at 325) 150 375 
 
 Black lime 125 500 
 
 Black lime 30 530 
 
 Brown lime 20 550 
 
 Brown lime 55 605 
 
 Gray lime 30 635 
 
 Black lime 20 655 
 
 Gray lime 11 666 
 
 Green pencil cave 3 669 
 
 Brown lime 30 699 
 
 Brown lime and sand 100 799 
 
 Brown lime 201 1,000 
 
 No. 19 — A. M. Pudge farm. 
 
 Blue lime (gas at 150) 200 200 
 
 Black lime (gas at 285) 255 455 -j 
 
 (Oil show at 452.) ' 
 
 Gray lime 115 570 
 
 Black lime (pencil cave at 645) ... 65 635 
 
 Gray lime 30 665 
 
 Gray lime 165 830 
 
 Gray lime 60 890 
 
 Gray lime 110 1,000 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 Gas in Hudson. 
 Oil in Trenton. 
 
 Flowing well from oil at 635 (Trenton). 
 
122 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 20 — A. W. Bryant farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Biack lime . . . 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Hard, brown lime (oil at 555) .... 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Green pencil cave 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Brown sand 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Dark brown lime 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 Soft, brown lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 White lime . : 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Light brown sand (oil show at 
 
 1,391) 
 
 White flint 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Light brown lime 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 No. 21 — Well at Neely’s Perry — Three 
 
 Red clay 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Hard, brown lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 ness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 100 
 
 110 
 
 
 20 
 
 130 
 
 
 12 
 
 142 
 
 
 135 
 
 277 
 
 
 130 
 
 407 
 
 
 80 
 
 487 
 
 
 18 
 
 505 
 
 
 70 
 
 575 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 83 
 
 658 
 
 
 2 
 
 660 
 
 
 18 
 
 678 
 
 
 22 
 
 700 
 
 
 85 
 
 785 
 
 
 20 
 
 805 
 
 
 47 
 
 852 
 
 
 50 
 
 902 
 
 
 138 
 
 1,040 
 
 
 24 
 
 1,064 
 
 
 15 
 
 1,079 
 
 
 156 
 
 1,235 
 
 
 115 
 
 1,350 
 
 
 41 
 
 1,391 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,421 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 40 
 
 1,461 
 
 
 59 
 
 1,520 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,550 
 
 
 60 
 
 1,610 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,640 
 
 
 40 
 
 1,680 
 
 
 one-half 
 
 miles 
 
 below Burksville. 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 190 
 
 215 
 
 
 35 
 
 250 
 
 
 200 
 
 450 
 
 
 215 
 
 665 
 
 Pencil Cave at 621. 
 
 74 
 
 739 
 
 
 21 
 
 760 
 
 
 5 
 
 765 
 
 
 No. 22 — Average record of Bitch wells — Salt Lick Bend — Cloyd’s Landiing. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue pencil cave 
 
 Black lime 
 
 Blue pencil cave 
 Brown slate .... 
 
 White lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Speckled lime . . 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 37 37 
 
 2 39 
 
 300 339 
 
 100 439 
 
 3" 
 
 80 519 
 
 5 524 
 
 12 536 
 
 50tol00 586 to 636 
 50 to 60 636to696 
 12tol5 648to711 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 123 
 
 Salt Bick Bend. 
 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 
 (Graves farm.) 
 
 (Richardson farm.) 
 
 (Richardson farm.) 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Oil and 
 
 salt water.. 440 
 
 Oil 
 
 .390 
 
 Bottom 
 
 625 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 .475 
 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Gas 
 
 .520 
 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 700 
 
 Oil 
 
 .600 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 
 (Clay 
 
 Cloyd farm.) 
 
 (R. B. 
 
 Cloyd farm.) 
 
 (R. B. Cloyd farm.) 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 305 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 .470 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 .566 
 
 Bottom 
 
 960 
 
 Gas . . . . 
 
 730 
 
 Oil 
 
 .586 
 
 
 
 Oil and gas 732 
 
 Bottom 
 
 .705 
 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 769 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gas . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bottom , 
 
 835 
 
 
 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 
 (R. B. 
 
 Cloyd farm.) 
 
 (McComas farm.) 
 
 (Cloyd farm.) 
 
 
 Pencil cave 520 
 
 Oil 
 
 548 
 
 Oil 
 
 .667 
 
 Oil 
 
 641 
 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 711 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 
 No. 11. 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 
 (Garmon farm.) 
 
 (D. W 
 
 . Cloyd farm.) 
 
 (D. W. Cloyd farm.) 
 
 Gas . . . 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 .435 
 
 Gas 
 
 
 Salt water 430 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 
 Gas . . . 
 
 205 
 
 Pencil cave 480 
 
 Bottom 
 
 
 Pencil cave 542 
 
 Oil 
 
 518 
 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 910 
 
 Oil 
 
 597 
 
 
 
 Marrowbone Creek. 
 
 NO. 1. 
 
 (J. S. Taylor farm.) 
 
 Oil 248 
 
 Bottom 258 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 (McComas farm.) 
 
 Show of oil 180 
 
 Show of oil 245 
 
 Pencil cave 520 
 
 Pencil cave 690 
 
 Little gas 740 
 
 Show of oil. .. .750 to 810 
 Bottom 875 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 (Taylor farm.) 
 
 Oil 282 
 
 Salt water 331 
 
 Bottom 662 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 (McComas farm.) 
 
 Oil 520 
 
 Oil show 594 
 
 Bottom 615 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 (Collins farm.) 
 
 Gas 95 
 
 Gas 105 
 
 Gas 165 
 
 Gas 210 
 
 Pencil cave.... 612 
 Bottom 740 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 (Alexander farm.) 
 
 Gas 172 
 
 Gas 315 
 
 Gas 380 
 
 Gas 580 
 
 Pencil cave.... 620 
 Bottom 705 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 (Buchannon farm.) 
 
 Gas 110 
 
 Gas 150 
 
 Gas 225 
 
 Pencil . cave. . . .545 
 
124 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Wash’s Bottom. 
 
 No. 1. No. 3. No. 4. 
 
 (R. Or. Allen farm.) (Philpot farm.) (Goff farm.) 
 
 Oil 
 
 640 
 
 Oil 
 
 500 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 
 Oil 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 
 
 
 Bottom 
 
 
 
 
 (Stockden farm.) 
 
 Show of oil 545 
 
 Bottom 800 
 
 In the Salt Lick Bend group, all sands are Trenton except the three gas 
 sands in No. 10 and the 90-foot oil in No. 11. 
 
 On Marrowbone, the oil in No. 1 at 248, the oil in No. 2 at 180 and 245, 
 the oil at 282 in No. 3, the gas in No. 5 at 95, 105, 165 and 210, the gas 
 in No. 6 at 172, 315 and 380 and the gas in No. 7 at 110, 150 and 225, are 
 all referred to Hudson. The lower horizons all in Trenton. 
 
 In Wash’s Bottom, the oil is all in Trenton. 
 
 The following record of the oJd Cumberland river wells is 
 given as a matter of interest. The accuracy of the record can 
 not be vouched for. 
 
 Name. Depth. Date. 
 
 Garbertt, opposite Creelsboro 225 1861 
 
 Crocus, mouth of Crocus creek 190 1865 
 
 Egbert, 270 1865 
 
 Old American, Renox creek 171 1829 
 
 Sherman, 276 1866 
 
 Gilbreath, Bear creek 20 
 
 Phelps, Oil Fork 50 1866 
 
 These wells were credited with a production of many thousands of barrels 
 of oil — probably very much more than they actually produced. They were 
 probably all in Hudson rocks. 
 
 RUSSELL COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — A. W. McGloud farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Lime 365 365 
 
 Red sand 4 369 
 
 Gray lime 288 657 
 
 Gray lime 19 676 
 
 Light sand (black oil) 12 688 
 
 Dark lime 12 700 
 
 Dark lime 50 750 
 
 Blue slate 130 880 
 
 Brown slate (pencil cave) 20 900 
 
 Blue lime 30 930 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Upper Silurian and 
 - Hudson. 
 
 J Probable base of Hud- 
 son. 
 
 ► Trenton Group. 
 
 The well starts just below the base of the Black Shale. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 12o 
 
 No. 2 — A. W. McGloud farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 White lime 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Light sand (salt water) 
 
 Gas and salt water at 40 feet. 
 Salt water at 1,620 to 1,627. 
 
 No. 3 — P. A. Bolin farm. 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime (gas at 970) 
 
 White sand 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 No. 4 — John Johnson farm. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue lime (salt water at 100).. 
 
 Sand 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 655 
 
 655 
 
 Upper Silurian and 
 Hudson. 
 
 s 2 
 
 663 2 
 
 Probable base of Hud- 
 son. 
 
 176 2 
 
 840 " 
 
 
 58 
 
 898 
 
 
 l 2 
 
 899 2 
 
 - Trenton Group. 
 
 600 2 
 
 1,500 
 
 
 92 
 
 1,592 J 
 
 
 35 
 
 1,627 
 
 Probably top of Cal- 
 ciferous. 
 
 ' the 
 
 Black Shale. 
 
 123 
 
 123 
 
 Keokuk. 
 
 4 
 
 127 
 
 
 131 
 
 258 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 30 
 
 28s 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 682 
 
 970 
 
 Upper Silurian and 
 Hudson. 
 
 10 
 
 980 
 
 About base of Hudson. 
 
 130 
 
 1.110 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 670 
 
 690 
 
 Upper Silurian and 
 Hudson. 
 
 10 
 
 700 
 
 About base of Hudson. 
 
 155 
 
 855 "I 
 
 
 3 
 
 858 
 
 > Trenton Group 
 
 642 
 
 1,500 J 
 
 
 Bottom in Chazy limestone. 
 
 No. 5 — G. B. Walton farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Iray lime 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Pencil cave 
 
 Black lime 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 44 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 638 
 
 718 
 
 9 
 
 727 
 
 113 
 
 840 
 
 5 
 
 8415 
 
 55 
 
 900 
 
 Devonian STiale. 
 
 } Upper Silurian and 
 Hudson. 
 
 About base of Hudson. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 These Russell county wells show an almost uniform thick- 
 ness of about 680 feet; for the Hudson (including- probably a lit- 
 tle Upper Silurian at the top) and a bed of light sand about at 
 
126 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 the top of the Trenton group. A pencil cave is shown in all 
 of them but No. 3, which does not go deep enough to reach it. 
 This pencil cave is quite probably the one at the top of the 
 Birdseye member of the Trenton group, the rocks between it 
 and the light sand above representing the Trenton (Bluegrass) 
 limestones of Central Kentucky. These show a remarkable 
 variation in thickness in this group of wells, varying from 113 
 feet in No. 5 to 234 feet in No. 2. 
 
 Well No. 2 goes down probably entirely through the Trenton 
 group, the last 35 feet being apparently in the Calc-iferous and 
 corresponding to the deep salt sand found in the McBeath well 
 in Wayne county. This would give here a total thickness to 
 the Trenton group of about 930 feet, or from 100 to 130 feet 
 more than in Central Kentucky, this increased thickness prob- 
 ably being due to the presence here of the Knox dolomite in 
 the base of the Trenton group. 
 
 BARREN COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — B. & KL. Nuchols farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 8 
 
 29 
 
 
 ^ Waverly (including 
 
 White lime (gas at 105) 
 
 141 
 
 170 
 
 
 Keokuk). 
 
 Blue slate (oil show at 180) . . . 
 
 10 
 
 180 
 
 j 
 
 
 Tji mo fihp.ll 
 
 2 
 
 182 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 . . . ' 20 
 
 202 
 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 4 
 
 206 
 
 -> 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 5 
 
 211 
 
 
 Probably Niagara 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 27 
 
 238 
 
 
 - Limestone with a lit- 
 
 Gray lime (oil show) 
 
 2 
 
 240 
 
 
 tle Corniferous at 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 10 
 
 250 
 
 J 
 
 the top. 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 25 
 
 275 
 
 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 Blue lime (oil show) 
 
 9 
 
 284 
 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Light lime 
 
 8 
 
 292 
 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 200 
 
 492 
 
 
 
 Lime and shale 
 
 248 
 
 740 
 
 
 Hudso.n 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 30 
 
 770 
 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 10 
 
 780 
 
 
 
 Light lime 
 
 
 855 
 
 
 
 Blue lime (oil show) 
 
 80 
 
 935 
 
 
 » Hudson and Trenton. 
 
 Sandy lime 
 
 6 
 
 941 
 
 
 
 Sandy lime 
 
 6 
 
 947 
 
 
 
 Shells and slate 
 
 20 
 
 967 
 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 White lime (gas at 1,025) 
 
 150 
 
 1,117 
 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 
 1,236 
 
 
 
 Pink lime 
 
 60 
 
 1,296 
 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 127 
 
 No. 2 — J. M. Hammer farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Gravel 5 5 
 
 Gray lime 12 17 
 
 Dark shale and flinty shells 3 20 
 
 Dark lime 10 30 
 
 Dark lime and shale 20 50 
 
 Gray lime (gas at 80) 30 80 
 
 Light lime (gas 90-130) 60 140 
 
 Light lime 25 165 
 
 Light lime (strong gas at 170) .... 15 180 
 
 Slate and shells 25 205 
 
 Black shale 30 235 
 
 Dark lime (oil and salt water at 
 
 240) 50 285 
 
 Light slate 30 315 
 
 Light lime 200 515 
 
 Shells and shale 150 665 
 
 Dark lime 165 830 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 ■ Keokuk and Waverly. 
 
 J 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 Corniferous and Nfag- 
 ara Limestones. 
 Niagara Shale. 
 
 } Hudson. Possibly som< 
 Clinton at top. 
 
 No. 3 — W. E. Peden farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Lime shell 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Dark lime shells 
 
 Dark lime (oil show at 125) 
 
 Blue slate . 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Blue lime (oil show at 178) 
 
 Blue lime \ 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Lime and slate (gas at 530 and 
 
 555) 
 
 Dark lime (heavy gas flow at 585) 
 
 Dark lime (gas at 685) 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 White lime 
 
 White slate 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Light lime 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 50 
 
 63 
 
 10 
 
 73 
 
 2 
 
 75 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 110 
 
 10 
 
 120 
 
 15 
 
 135 
 
 25 
 
 160 
 
 10 
 
 170 
 
 8 
 
 178 
 
 147 
 
 325 
 
 60 
 
 385 
 
 20 
 
 405 
 
 180 
 
 585 
 
 75 
 
 660 
 
 25 
 
 685 
 
 150 
 
 835 
 
 100 
 
 935 
 
 6 
 
 941 
 
 125 
 
 1,066 
 
 18 
 
 1,084 
 
 100 
 
 1,184 
 
 4166 
 
 1,650 
 
 1 
 
 Keokuk and Waverly. 
 
 j 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 1 Corniferous and Ni- 
 j agara Limestones. 
 
 Niagara Shale, 
 j- Clinton. 
 
 1 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 j 
 
 1" Hudson and Trenton. 
 Probable top of Tren- 
 ton. 
 
 Trenton. 
 
 About top of Birdseye. 
 
 J 
 
 In No. 1 and No. 3, the lower numbers belong to rocks in the Trenton 
 Period, the space between Black Shale and the base of the Trenton thickening 
 somewhat from the Cumberland river northward. The wells did not get down 
 to the Calciferous. In No. 1, the division between Trenton and Hudson seems 
 to be at 947 and the top of the Birdseye at 1,236. In No. 3, the division 
 between Hudson and Trenton at 835 and top of Birdseye at 1,084. These 
 divisions, however, can not be made with certainty. No. 3 is about down to, 
 or possibly below, the base of the Chazy. 
 
128 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Old Haven-Chase wells. 
 
 Top of Black Oil sand 
 
 
 Sliale. 
 
 at 
 
 Product. 
 
 Formation. 
 
 North well 
 
 230 
 
 307 
 
 
 
 West well 
 
 225 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 South well 
 
 228 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 Bast well 
 
 
 360 
 
 
 
 Southeast well... 
 
 185 
 
 310 
 
 
 
 Southwest well.. 
 
 225 
 
 
 
 
 These wells all start below the base of the St. Louis Group. 
 
 Old Carroll wells. 
 
 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Oil sands at 
 
 Product. 
 
 No. 
 
 1 
 
 875 
 
 819 
 
 Gas. 
 
 No. 
 
 2 
 
 355 
 
 355 
 
 Green oil. 
 
 No. 
 
 3 
 
 1,135 
 
 100, 715 and 1,135 
 
 Amber oil, gas, gas. 
 
 No. 
 
 4 
 
 750 
 
 750 
 
 Gas. 
 
 No. 
 
 5 
 
 
 110 and 1,166 
 
 Amber oil, gas. 
 
 Group of South Kentucky Oil Co. wells. 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
 
 Soil 
 
 . 8 
 
 8 
 
 Waverly .... 
 
 ..187 
 
 187 
 
 Waverly .... 
 
 ..148 148 
 
 Waverly 
 
 
 75 
 
 Black Shale. 
 
 .. 33 
 
 220 
 
 Black Shale. 
 
 . . 32' 180 
 
 Black Shale.. 
 
 . 30 
 
 105 
 
 Niagara .... 
 
 . . 20 
 
 240 
 
 Niagara .... 
 
 . . 46 226 
 
 Niagara 
 
 
 141 
 
 Clinton 
 
 
 260 
 
 Clinton 
 
 . . 20 246 
 
 Clinton 
 
 
 161 
 
 Oil and 'gas 
 
 at 240. 
 
 
 Oil and gas 
 
 at 226. 
 
 
 
 
 Salt water 
 
 at 254. 
 
 
 Salt water 
 
 at 230. 
 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 
 NO. 6. 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 130 
 
 130 
 
 Waverly 
 
 198 198 
 
 Waverly 
 
 150 
 
 150 
 
 Black Shale... 36 
 
 166 
 
 Black Shale... 32 230 
 
 Black Shale... 30 
 
 180 
 
 Niagara 
 
 36 
 
 202 
 
 Niagara 
 
 19 249 
 
 Niagara 
 
 37 
 
 217 
 
 Clinton 
 
 29 
 
 231 
 
 Clinton . 
 
 29 278 
 
 Clinton . 
 
 20 
 
 237 
 
 Water 
 
 and oil at 
 
 202. 
 
 Oil and 
 
 gas at 249. 
 
 Gas at 
 
 180. 
 
 
 Oil at 217. 
 
 The driller’s distinctions of Niagara and Clinton in the last six records are 
 not correct. The records of deeper wells show an average of about 40 feet of 
 limestone, with a hard ledge in the middle, below the Black Shale, and a bed 
 of light-colored shale under that and another oil-bearing limestone under the 
 light-colored shale. This latter would be the Clinton lime, the light shale 
 the Niagara Shale, and what is given above in the records as Niagara and 
 Clinton would be mostly Niagara limestone, with probably a little Corniferous 
 limestone at the top just under the Black Shale. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 129 
 
 Boyd’s Creek wells. 
 
 Thick- 
 
 
 
 
 Thick- 
 
 
 No. 1. ness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 ness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Waverly 
 
 58 
 
 
 58 
 
 Waverly 
 
 
 55 
 
 Black S'hale 
 
 18 
 
 
 76 
 
 Black Shale ....... 
 
 35 
 
 90 
 
 Top of first sand at 80 
 
 
 
 
 Gas at 135. 
 
 
 
 Gas and salt water at 87 2 . 
 
 
 
 Bottom of well at 
 
 180. 
 
 
 Top of second sand at 
 
 175. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bottom of second sand 
 
 at 205. 
 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 
 
 Bottom of well at 209. 
 
 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 
 95 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 
 
 
 Oil and gas at 90 
 
 and 135. 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 58 
 
 Bottom of well at 265. 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 
 
 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 27 
 
 
 85 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 
 
 Oil and gas 
 
 87 2 
 
 to 
 
 97 2 
 
 
 
 Bottom of well at 110. 
 
 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 41 
 
 114 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 
 
 
 Oil at 116. 
 Bottom at 205. 
 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 55 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 15 
 
 
 70 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 
 
 Oil and 'gas at 70. 165 and 230. 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 ... 112 
 . .. 38 
 
 112 
 
 150 
 
 Bottom of well at 241. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Amber oil at 84. 
 
 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 
 
 
 Bottom at 168. 
 
 
 
 Waverly 
 
 58 
 
 
 58 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 
 
 Oil at 37. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 32 
 
 
 90 
 
 Waverly 
 
 . . . 68 
 
 68 
 
 Gas and oil at 145. 
 
 
 
 
 Black Shale 
 
 . . . 33 
 
 101 
 
 Salt water at 156. 
 
 
 
 
 Oil at 225. 
 
 
 
 Bottom of well at 201. 
 
 
 
 
 Bottom at 272. 
 
 
 
 Nc. 10. 
 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 ) 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 36 
 
 42 
 
 j- Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 - Devonian. 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 160 
 
 1st Sand — Clinton (?) 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 260 
 
 
 Lime and shells . . . 
 
 
 
 275 
 
 
 Hard sand 
 
 
 
 280 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 
 390 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 395 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 
 480 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 2d Sand — Hudson. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 647 
 
 
 Mixed slate 
 
 
 
 672 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 712 
 
 
 Slate and lime 
 
 
 
 757 
 
 Bottom in Hudson. 
 
180 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 The Barren county fields show a number of sands in down- 
 ward succession. The first of any importance is the one in the 
 Waverly, about 100 feet above the top of the Black Shale. This 
 has produced amber oil at a number of places, but the record 
 seems to give it but a short life as a producer, the wells soon 
 giving out. The Black Shale itself often produces gas and oil 
 of a very rank, sulphurous character and rather a detriment 
 to the field when struck, than otherwise. The next sand below 
 is found immediately under the Black Shale in a limestone 
 which is probably the Corniferous. 
 
 The next lower and, so far, the main producing sand of the 
 county, is the Boyd’s Creek sand found at an average of profit 
 ably 40 feet below the Black Shale (this distance below varies 
 with the varying thickness of the limestone) in a limestone. 
 This limestone is generally divided in the middle by a very 
 hard ledge and the upper half has heretofore been called Niaga- 
 ra and the lower half Clinton. That this is an error will be 
 made evident by inspection of the records of No. 1, No. 2 and 
 No. 3 on pages 126 and 127, where the true position of the 
 Clinton is shown under the Niagara shale. The producing rock 
 is really the Niagara limestone, instead of Clinton. This hori- 
 zon, while rarely furnishing large wells, seems to be a long-lived 
 producer, wells in it having a record of producing oil, without 
 much decrease, for twenty-five or thirty years. 
 
 Below the Boyd’s Creek sand, oil and gas shoys have been 
 struck in the Clinton, the Hudson and the rocks comprising 
 the Trenton period, as inspection of the preceding records will 
 show. So far, the deeper sands have produced mostly gas, and 
 the Boyd’s Creek sand (Niagara limestone) remains the prin- 
 cipal oil producer. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 131 
 
 WARREN COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Well at Bowling* Green. 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 At 0 — White oolite. Well starts in S’t. Louis. 
 
 “ 18, 25 and 30 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 36 — 'Light gray oolite. 
 
 “ 42 — Fine-grained, white lime. 
 
 “ 46 to 70 — Very fine-grained, white, siliceous lime. 
 
 “ 77 — Fine-grained, slightly oolitic, gray lime. 
 
 “ 90 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 94 — Light gray and white limes mixed. 
 
 “ 98 — Light gray lime. 
 
 “ 100— White lime. 
 
 “ 106 — Light brown lime. 
 
 “ 112 — Light, mottled lime. 
 
 “ 117 — Gray lime and white calcite. 
 
 “ 130 — Fine-grained, gray lime. 
 
 “ 135 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 140 — Gray, crystalline lime. 
 
 “ 144 — Fine-grained, light gray lime. 
 
 “ 156 to 170 — Light gray lime; sulphur water. 
 
 .“ 183 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 189 — Gray lime shale. 
 
 u 195 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 205 — Very dark, gray lime. 
 
 ** 210 to 230 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 235 — 'Black lime and light gray lime. 
 
 “ 240 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 253 — Light brown, sandy lime. 
 
 “ 255 and 260 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 265 — Very dark lime. 
 
 “ 270 — Brown lime. 
 
 “ 278 and 284 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 287 — Brown lime. 
 
 “ 288 and 290 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 294 and 300 — Light gray lime. Probable base of St. Louis and top of 
 
 Keokuk. 
 
 “ 305 — Dark gray and white lime mixed. 
 
 “ 310 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 315 — Light gray lime and white flint. 
 
 “ 325 — Very dark lime. 
 
 “ 330 — Very dark and white lime, mixed. 
 
 “ 340 — 'Gray lime and sand. 
 
 “ 348 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 350 — Gray, fossiliferous lime. 
 
 “ 358 to 380 — Gray lime. Oil at 363 feet. 
 
 “ 400 to 420 — Hard, gray, lime shale. 
 
 “ 425 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 430 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 435 — Gray lime and white, lime shale. 
 
 “ 440 and 445 — Hard, dark, lime and shale. 
 
 “ 450 — Gray lime and shale. 
 
 “ 455 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 460 — Hard, 'gray, lime shale and white sand. 
 
132 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 At 465 — Gray lime and lime shale. 
 
 ** 470 — Gray and white, mottled lime. 
 
 “ 475 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 485 — Dark gray lime and white, lime shale. 
 
 “ 490 and 495 — Hard, dark, limy shale. 
 
 “ 501 — Hard, dark, lime shale and white sand. 
 
 “ 506 — Dark gray lime and hard, lime shale. 
 
 “ 510 — Light gray lime. 
 
 “ 515 — Gray lime and lime shale. 
 
 “ 520 to 530 — Hard, gray, lime shales. 
 
 “ 535 to 665 — Very dark, hard, impure limestones and 
 
 lime shales. 
 
 “ 670 to 680 — Black shale Top of Black Shale at 670. 
 
 “ 685 — Very dark, lime shale. 
 
 “ 690 — Brown, impure lime. 
 
 “ 695 and 700 — Very dark, impure lime. 
 
 “ 705 — -Mixed gray and white lime. 
 
 “ 708 to 760 — Black shale Base of Black Shale at 760. 
 
 “ 765 and 770 — Dark brown, sandy lime. 
 
 “ 775 — Mixed black and white limes and gray, porous sandy lime. 
 
 “ 780 — Fine-grained, white lime. 
 
 “ 785 — Fine-grained) yellow lime. 
 
 “ 790 — Fine-grained, yellowish-brown lime. 
 
 “ 795 to 875 — Fine-grained, white lime. 
 
 “ 880 — Gray and white lime, mixed. 
 
 “ 885 and 890 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 895 and 900 — Very light lime. 
 
 “ 910 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 915 to 935 — Light lime. 
 
 “ 940 — Mottled, red lime. 
 
 “ 945 and 950 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 955 — Fine-grained, light lime. 
 
 “ 960 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 965 and 975 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 980 — Light lime. 
 
 “ 985 — Gray lime and shale. 
 
 “ 990 — Mottled, gray and white lime. 
 
 “ 995 to 1,010 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,015 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,020 and 1,025 — Light lime. 
 
 “ 1,030 to 1,095 — Gray limes and shales. 
 
 “ 1,100 to 1,130— Light lime. 
 
 “ 1,135 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,140 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,146 — Fine-grained, light lime. 
 
 “ 1,150 — Light, siliceous lime. 
 
 “ 1,155 and 1,160— Light lime. 
 
 “ 1,165 — Light and dark gray limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,170 and 1,175 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,180 and 1,185 — Gray lime and dark shale. 
 
 “ 1.190 — White lime. 
 
 “ 1,195 and 1,200 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,205 — Gray lime and shale. 
 
 “ 1,210 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,215 to 1,230 — Gray, crystalline lime. 
 
 “ 1,235 — Fine-grained, gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,240 — Gray lime. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 133 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 At 1,245 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,250 to 1,260— Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,265 to 1,290 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,295 to 1,305 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,310 — Hard, dark gray, lime shale and white lime, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,315 and 1,320 — Gray and white lime, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,325— Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,330 to 1,375 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,380 to 1,395 — Very dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,400 and 1,405 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,410 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,415 — Dark gray lime and black shale. 
 
 “ 1,420 — Dark gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,425 — Hard, dark, lime shale. 
 
 “ 1,430 to 1,44*0 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,445 — Black and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,450 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,455 and 1,460 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,465 — Brown lime. 
 
 “ 1,470 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,475 — Very dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,480 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,490 — Very dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,495 to 1,520 — Gray and white limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,525 to 1,550 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,555 — Gray and white lime, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,560 and 1,590 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,595 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,600 and 1,605 — Light lime. 
 
 “ 1,610 to 1,630 — Very dark lime. 
 
 “ 1,635 to 1,660 — Light and dark limes, mixed. 
 
 .Top' of Birdseye. 
 
 “ 1,660 to 1,670 — Light, dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 1,685— Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,685 to 1,690— Light lime. 
 
 “ 1,695 — Light, mottled lime. 
 
 “ 1,700 — Light lime. 
 
 “ 1,705 to 1,715 — Dark gray and light limes. 
 
 “ 1,720 — Very dark lime. 
 
 “ 1,725 and 1,730 — Very dark and light limes, mixed. 
 
 “ 1,735 — 'Black lime. 
 
 “ 1,740 and 1,745 — Very dark, brownish lime. 
 
 “ 1,750 — Black lime. 
 
 “ 1,755 — Very dark, brown lime. 
 
 “ 1,760 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,765 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 3,770 — Very dark lime. 
 
 “ 1,775 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,780 — Very dark lime. 
 
 The well starts in the St. Louis Group and goes down to about the top 
 of the Chazy. The lines between St. Louis and Keokuk and between the Hud- 
 son and Trenton can not be drawn with accuracy. The base of the S't. 
 Louis is about at 230. The top of the Black Shale is at 670 and its base 1 
 at 760, giving a thickness of about 430 for Keokuk and 90 for the Black Shale. The 
 Black Shale is divided in two parts by a bed of dark, impure lime and shales. 
 The top of the Trenton Group can be put approximately at 1,4115 and the 
 top of the Birdseye at 1,660. 
 
134 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 LOGAN COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Partial record of well at Russellville. 
 
 At 744 — “Blue Lick” water. 
 
 910 to 1,010— Shale. 
 
 Trenton rock (?). 
 
 Heavy oil at 1,291. 
 
 Marble, 1,291 to 1,411. 
 
 Dark, pebbly rock, 1,411 to 1,854. 
 
 HART COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Dog- Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 12 12 
 
 Gray lime 26 38 
 
 Coal % 38 2 
 
 Blue fire clay 25% 64 
 
 Hard lime 10 74 
 
 Blue fire clay 34 108 
 
 Gray lime 50 158 
 
 Dark lime 70 228 
 
 Light gray lime (salt water).... 50 278 
 
 Light gray sand 25 303 
 
 Light gray lime 40 343 
 
 Dark gray lime 31 374 
 
 Dark gray sand 24 398 
 
 Dark gray lime 45 443 
 
 Light gray lime 75 518 
 
 Dark gray sand 54 572 
 
 Light gray lime 30 602 
 
 Red lime 40 642 
 
 Very dark lime 93 735 
 
 Dark, bastard sand (oil show) ... 12 747 
 
 Dark gray lime 178 925 
 
 Hard, dark, bastard sand 42 967 
 
 Very dark lime 138 1,105 
 
 Lead-colored slate 5 1,110 
 
 Black shale 105 1,215 
 
 Hard, dark gray lime 15 1,230 
 
 Light gray lime 10 1,240 
 
 Open sandy streak (oil and gas) 18 1,258 
 
 Dark gray lime 9 1,267 
 
 Very dark lime 5 1,272 
 
 Dark, sandy lime 8 1,280 
 
 Light, sandy lime (oil show) . . 10 1,290 
 
 Soft, light gray lime 40 1,330 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 Chester. 
 
 St. Louis Group. 
 
 - Keokuk and Waverly. 
 
 •Devonian Shale. 
 Corniferous (?) 
 
 | Boyd’s Creek Sand. 
 
 >- Upper Silurian. 
 
 I Probably Clinton. 
 Hudson. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 135 
 
 No. 2 — Dog- Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift . 9 2 9 2 
 
 Hard, gray lime 55 2 65 
 
 Bluish fire clay 4 69 
 
 Dark gray lime 1 70 
 
 Dark gray sand 20 90 
 
 Coal y 2 
 
 Bluish fire clay liy 2 102 
 
 Hard, bluish-gray lime 28 130 
 
 Hard, gray sand 7 137 
 
 Coal y 2 
 
 Lead-colored fire clay 9 y 2 147 
 
 Gray, bastard sand 12 159 
 
 Lead-colored fire clay 27 186 
 
 Dark gray lime 14 200 
 
 Light gray lime 5 205 
 
 Coal y 2% 
 
 Lead-colored fire clay 3 y 2 209 
 
 Light gray lime 10 219 
 
 Dark fire clay 3 222 
 
 Light gray lime 33 25? 
 
 Dark gray lime 75 330 
 
 Light gray lime 35 365 
 
 Dark gray lime 35 400 
 
 Dark gray lime 13 413 
 
 Light gray lime 57 470 
 
 Brownish-gray lime 35 505 
 
 Hard, gray sand 20 525 
 
 Gray lime 50 575 
 
 Dark gray lime 25 600 
 
 Light gray lime 22 622 
 
 Dark, bastard lime 178 800 
 
 Dark gray lime — black streaks... 15 815 
 
 Bastard lime and sand 25 840 
 
 Black, bastard lime 80 920 
 
 Hard, dark gray sand 30 950 
 
 Very dark, bastard lime 50 1,000 
 
 Black, bastard slate 40 1,040 
 
 Black, bastard lime 173 1,213 
 
 Black shale 105 1,318 
 
 Hard, gray sand 10 1,3 2'8 
 
 Black slate 6 1,334 
 
 Gray, hard sand 2 1,336 
 
 Light gray sand 23 1,359 
 
 Dark gray sand 6 1,365 
 
 Hard, bastard sand 6 1,371 
 
 Hard, bastard lime 25 1,396 
 
 Hard, gray sand 24 1,420 
 
 Reddish gray sand 10 1,430 
 
 Light, open sand (strong salt 
 
 water) 17 1,447 
 
 In these two records, the division lines between St. 
 uncertain. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 1 
 
 Chester. 
 
 ) 
 
 1 
 
 " S’t. Louis Group. 
 
 * Keokuk and Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Boyd’s Creek Sand. 
 Louis and Keokuk are 
 
136 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 BRECKENRIDGE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Cloverport. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Brown marl 
 
 Blue marl 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Brown marl 
 
 White sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Fossil lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime (sulphur water) . . 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime (salt water) 
 
 Sand 
 
 Lime (oil shows) 
 
 Lime 
 
 Gray, porous lime (gas) 
 Blue lime. 
 
 mess. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 26 
 
 58 
 
 30 
 
 88 1 
 
 1 
 
 89 
 
 2 
 
 91 J 
 
 11 
 
 102 
 
 11 
 
 113 
 
 32 
 
 145 
 
 38 
 
 183 ' 
 
 2 
 
 185 
 
 6 
 
 191 
 
 7 
 
 198 
 
 36 
 
 234 
 
 28 
 
 262 
 
 18 
 
 280 
 
 20 
 
 300 
 
 8 
 
 308 
 
 15 
 
 323 
 
 6 
 
 329 
 
 60 
 
 389 
 
 12 
 
 401 
 
 55 
 
 456 
 
 4 
 
 460 
 
 93 
 
 553 
 
 20 
 
 573 
 
 285 
 
 858 j 
 
 14 
 
 872 S 
 
 15 
 
 887 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 Chester to 145. 
 
 No. 
 
 1 Chester Lime- 
 stone. 
 
 No. 1 (Big Clifty) S’. S. 
 
 St. Louis Group. 
 
 
 No. 2 — Webster. 
 
 Lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 895 
 
 75 
 
 895 St. Louis and Keokuk. 
 970 Devonian. 
 
 No. 3 — Hardinsburg. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 Mostly limestone 
 
 Limestone and shale (gas at 1,055) 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Limestone 
 
 17 
 
 17 ^ 
 
 
 35 
 
 52 
 
 
 57 
 
 109 
 
 » Chester. 
 
 25 
 
 134 
 
 
 76 
 
 210 
 
 
 735 
 
 945 
 
 fe’t. Louis. 
 
 435 
 
 1,380 
 
 Keokuk and Waverly. 
 
 95 
 
 1,475 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 20 
 
 1,495 
 
 Probably Corniferous 
 
 and Niagara. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 137 
 
 No. 4 — Stephensport. 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 At 0 to 22 — Soil. 
 
 “ 22 to 25 — Gray shale. 
 
 “ 25 to 35 — Gray lime No. 1 Chester Limestor e. 
 
 “ 32 to 67 — Light brown sand Big Clifty Sandstone. 
 
 “ 75 — Gray, crinoidal limestone Top of St. Louis at 67. 
 
 “ 85 — 'Gray lime. 
 
 “ 96 — White lime. 
 
 “ 100 — Mottled, gray lime. 
 
 “ 130 — Black shale. 
 
 “ 135 — 'Light, dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 155 — Soft, white lime. 
 
 “ 230 — Gray lime and pink, crystalline lime. 
 
 “ 240 — Gray oolite. 
 
 “ 276 — Dove-colored, lithographic lime. 
 
 “ 300 — Light gray, partly oolitic lime. 
 
 “ 317 — Gray and white, crinoidal limes. 
 
 “ 335 — White lime. 
 
 “ 350 — Gray, crystalline lime. 
 
 “ 380 — Fine-grained, white lime. 
 
 “ 395 — White lime. 
 
 “ 420 — Light gray lime. 
 
 “ 425 — Black shale — crinoidal lime — sand, mixed. 
 
 “ 435 — Light and dark gray limes. 
 
 “ 450 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 470 — Very light lime. 
 
 “ 475 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 482 — -Brownish-gray lime and black shale, mixed. 
 
 “ 500 — Brown lime and black shale over a light 
 
 gray, crinoidal lime. 
 
 “ 510 — White quartzite. 
 
 “ 515 — Dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 518 — Gray, fossiliferous and black limes. 67 to 813 — Full section 
 
 “ 525 — Gray lime. of St. Louis Group. 
 
 “ 530 — Black lime. 
 
 “ 535 — Thin, gray lime*. 
 
 “ 540 — Black lime. 
 
 “ 555 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 585 — Dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 600— Black lime. 
 
 “ 620 — Light, mottled lime. 
 
 “ 630 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 638 — White quartzite. 
 
 “ 644— Dark, dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 650 — Soft, brownish-white, shaly lime over brown lime. 
 
 “ 656 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 662 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 680 — Brownish-gray lime. 
 
 “ 686 — Dark and light gray limes. 
 
 “ 692— Light gray lime. 
 
 “ 700— White lime. 
 
 “ 712 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 722 — Brownish-white lime. 
 
 “ 735 — Dark gray, crystalline lime. 
 
 “ 755 to 807 — Dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 813 — Light and dark gray limes. 
 
 Base of St. Louis and top of Keokuk. 
 
138 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 At 816 — Black shaly lime. 
 
 “ 835 — Black lime — white fossils. 
 
 “ 840 — Black lime. 
 
 “ 865 — White, fossiliferous lime. 
 
 “ 890 — Mottled, gray lime and white lime. 
 
 “ 900 — Dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 915 — Very light lime. 813 to 1,253 — Full sec- 
 
 “ 1,030 — Light gray lime. tion of Keokuk. 
 
 “ 1,045 — Gray, crystalline lime. 
 
 “ 1,050 to 1,100 — Light gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,124 — Gray, sandy lime. 
 
 “ 1,130 — Gray lime. 
 
 “ 1,138 — White and dark gray limes. 
 
 “ 1,150 — Very dark lime. 
 
 “ 1,155 to 1,185 — Impure, black lime. 
 
 1,230 — Fine-grained, black, limy sandstone Base of Keokuk. 
 
 1,253 to 1,315 — Black shale. Devonian. 
 
 This well did not go quite deep* enough to test the Boyd’s Creek Sand. 
 
 Well at Tell City, Indiana — Below Hawesville, Hancock Co., Ky. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Gray shale 
 
 Light gray sand 
 
 Very dark, very fine-grained sand. 
 
 Gray and white limestone 
 
 Very dark, gray shale 
 
 Space 
 
 Light, yellowish-brown lime 
 
 Grayish-green marl 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 Light gray lime 
 
 Gray, slightly calcareous sand... 
 Mottled, gray lime and dark gray 
 
 shale 
 
 Gray sand, slightly calcareous... 
 
 Dark gray shale 
 
 Red and brown marl 
 
 Light gray lime 
 
 Dark gray shale 
 
 Light gray sand 
 
 Black and white lime and black 
 
 shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Reddish-brown marl 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Reddish-brown marl 
 
 Light gray sand 
 
 Space 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Fine-grained, light lime 
 
 Very fine-grained, light lime 
 
 25 
 
 25 "1 
 40 l 
 
 15 
 
 40 
 
 80 f 
 
 80 
 
 160 J 
 
 30 
 
 190 ' 
 
 30 
 
 220 
 
 10 
 
 230 
 
 5 
 
 235 
 
 45 
 
 280 
 
 30 
 
 310 
 
 41 
 
 351 
 
 6 
 
 357 
 
 43 
 
 400 
 
 15 
 
 415 
 
 81 
 
 496 . 
 
 35 
 
 531 
 
 33 
 
 564 
 
 36 
 
 600 
 
 20 
 
 620 
 
 3 
 
 623 
 
 17 
 
 640 
 
 13 
 
 653 
 
 27 
 
 680 
 
 5 
 
 685 
 
 62 
 
 747 
 
 10 
 
 757 J 
 
 168 
 
 92~5 S 
 
 5 
 
 930 f 
 
 240 
 
 1,170 J 
 
 Lower Coal Measures. 
 
 Full section of Ches- 
 ter Group. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Well stopped in St. Louis limestone. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 139 
 
 Eugene Young well — Three miles northeast of Predonia, Caldwell Co. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Slate and lime 
 
 Hard, black lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Soft, gray sand 
 
 Slate and shaly, white sand 
 
 Soft, white sand 
 
 Red soapstone 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Lime (black sulphur water) 
 
 Slate and soapstone 
 
 Slate and hard, shaly lime 
 
 Hard, light lime 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 White quartzite 
 
 Sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 Pink rock — slate or soapstone 
 
 Bluish lime 
 
 Hard, sharp lime 
 
 Hard sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Sand 
 
 Blue and black, hard limes 
 
 Flinty in lower beds. 
 
 Well began in the Chester series. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 15 15 
 
 10 25 
 
 25 50 
 
 25 75 
 
 10 85 
 
 40 125 
 
 50 175 
 
 10 185 
 
 55 240 
 
 60 300 
 
 25 325 
 
 75 400 
 
 40 440 
 
 50 490 
 
 30 520 
 
 55 575 
 
 25 600 
 
 35 635 
 
 15 650 
 
 15 665 
 
 15 680 
 
 220 900 
 
 90 990 
 
 10 1,000 
 
 10 1,010 
 
 10 1,020 
 
 15 1,035 
 
 265 1,300 
 
 1,044 2,344 
 
 At 740 salt water was struck. The 
 
 Black Shale does not show in the record. 
 
 CARROLL COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Well at Carrollton. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 From 0 to 96 — |Alluvium. 
 
 At 96 — Light, crystalline lime. 
 
 180 — Light and dark, gray limes. 
 
 200 — Light, crystalline lime. 
 
 230 — Light brown, conglomerate lime. 
 
 242 — Light, magnesian lime. 
 
 260 — Gray, magnesian lime. 
 
 280 — Fine-grained, gray lime. 
 
 285 — Fine, light, magnesian lime. 
 
 335 — Light, crystalline and 'gray, fossil lime. 
 
 420 — Birdseye limestone. 
 
 430 — 'Birdseye limestone. 
 
 475 — Birdseye lime and some magnesian lime 
 495 — Light, magnesian lime. 
 
 500, 520, 600, 675, 700 and 800 — Chazy limestone. 
 1,000 — A greenish-black slate and top of Calciferous. 
 1,095 — Calciferous. 
 
 1,148 — Calciferous (“Blue Lick” water). 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 Alluvial. 
 
 Trenton Limestones. 
 
 Birdseye. 
 
 Magnesian, 
 j. Chazy. 
 
 | Calciferous. 
 
140 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 The top’ of the Trenton is below low water in the Ohio river. The top of 
 the Birdseye is between 335 and 420 — probably about at 400 — and the base at 
 475. The Magnesian limestone shows at from 4175 to 495, and the Cliazy at 500 
 to 1,000. The top of the Calciferous is at 1,000. The well stopped in the Cal- 
 ciferous, with a flow of "Blue Lick” water at 1,148 feet. 
 
 OLDHAM COUNTY WELL. (Partial Record.) 
 
 Well at Z.aGrange. 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 At 790 — Gray limestone Top of Trenton about 675. 
 
 “ 835 — Very dark gray lime. 
 
 “ 930 — Light, dove-colored lime Top of Birdseye about 900. 
 
 “ 1,025 — Dark, dove-colored lime. 
 
 " 1,225— White lime. 
 
 “ 1,260 — Dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 1,315 to 1,365 — Very dark, dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 1,380 — Dove-colored lime. 
 
 “ 1,450 — "Blue Lick” water. 
 
 “ 1,450 to 1,555 — Light sandy lime. (Top of Calciferous between 1,380 
 
 and 1,450.) 
 
 Well starts about at top of Hudson. 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY WELL. 
 
 Well at Cynthiana. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 24 24 
 
 Dark gray lime at 24 
 
 Dark and light gray lime. ... 52 76 
 
 Light, very fine-'grained lime. . 19 95 
 
 Sulphur water at 74 
 
 Mixed gray limestones 55 150 
 
 Very dark gray lime at 175 
 
 Light, dove-colored lime at.. 215 to 300 
 
 Very light lime at 350 to 600 
 
 Very dark, dove-colored lime 670 to 690 
 
 Light, greenish shale at 760 
 
 Light, sandy lime at 785 to 1,000 
 
 Bottom at 1,000. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Birdseye. 
 
 | Chazy. 
 
 Top of Calciferous. 
 
 Well starts near top of Trenton. 
 
 Bottom of Trenton (Bluegrass) limestones 215 
 
 Birdseye 215 to 300 
 
 Chazy 320 to 760 
 
 Calciferous 760 to Bottom 
 
 WEBSTER COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 Well at Sebree. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Clay and sand 52 
 
 Soft sandstone 6 
 
 Soapstone and clay 66 
 
 S’androck 8 
 
 Soft sandstone 50 
 
 Slate 33 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 141 
 
 Sebree well — Continued. 
 
 Coal 
 
 Fire clay 
 
 Limestone 
 
 Sandy shale 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Soapstone and shale 
 
 Sandrock 
 
 Sandy shale 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Sandy shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 Coal 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Sandrock 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Sandrock with soft stratas 
 Soapstone 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 IV 2 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 3 V 2 
 40 
 215 
 75 
 15 
 15 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 2 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 62 Oil, Salt Water and Gas. 
 3 
 
 695 
 
 Well at Iiisman Station. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Clay 22 22 
 
 Soapstone 23 45 
 
 Bastard limestone 10 55 
 
 Coal 1 56 
 
 Sandstone, soapstone and slate 27 83 
 
 Bastard limestone 10 93 
 
 Sandstone and shale 33 126 
 
 Soapstone 27 153 
 
 Black slate 10 163 
 
 Sandstone and sandy shale 10 173 
 
 Sandstone 10 183 
 
 Bastard limestone 15 198 
 
 Soapstone 30 228 
 
 Sandstone 7 235 
 
 Soapstone 49 284 
 
 Black slate 3 287 
 
 Fire clay and slate 4 291 
 
 Sandy shale 22 313 
 
 Gray sand and lime 5 318 
 
 Black slate 5 323 
 
 Coal I 2 324 
 
 Limestone 3 327 
 
 Gray sandstone 8 335 
 
 Limestone 23 358 
 
 Soapstone 21 379 
 
 Gray sandstone 8 387 
 
 Soapstone 11 398 
 
142 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 WELL AT CENTRAL CITY, NEAR HUNTINGTON, W. VA. 
 
 (Prof. White.) 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Conductor 26 26 
 
 Shale, sand and lime 94 120 
 
 Lime 7 127 
 
 Slate and Are clay 98 225 
 
 Sand (Upper Mahoning — Dunkard) 25 250 
 
 Slate 50 300 
 
 Sand (Lower Mahoning) gas 30 330 
 
 Black slate (Upper Freeport coal) 10 340 
 
 Gray sand 60 400 
 
 Black slate 10 410 
 
 Gray sand 85 495 
 
 White and blue slate 25 520 
 
 Sand and lime 20 540 
 
 Slate 20 560 
 
 Black slate 175 735 
 
 Gray sand 25 760 
 
 Black slate (coal) 105 865 
 
 Sand (gas and salt water) 30 895 
 
 Black sand 10 905 
 
 Black slate 30 935 
 
 Lime 5 940 
 
 Black slate 30 970 
 
 Mountain lime 150 1,120 
 
 Slate 28 1,148 
 
 Dark gray sand (“Big Injun”) salt water 177 1,325 
 
 Black shale and slate 370 1,695 
 
 Lime and hard sand 10 1,705 
 
 Brown slate 25 1,730 
 
 Berea sand (oil and gas) 25 1,755 
 
 Black slate 10 1,765 
 
 Hard gray sand 5 1,770 
 
 Lime 5 1,775 
 
 Gray sand 10 1,785 
 
 Lime 3 1,788 
 
 Black sand 2 1,790 
 
 Bastard lime 4 1,794 
 
 Black shale 20 1,814 
 
 Fine black sand 97 1,911 
 
 Shale and slate (black, blue and white) 574 2,485 
 
 Bastard lime (gas, stray sand) . 15 2,500 
 
 Shale 250 2,750 
 
 Gray sand 10 2,760 
 
 Corniferous limestone 10" 2,770 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 143 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 ADDITIONAL WELL RECORDS. 
 
 The records of drilled wells given in the preceding chapter 
 were intended to represent, as well as possible, typical records 
 for the respective counties in which they were drilled. Below 
 are given a number of additional records, all of which are au- 
 thentic and many of them typical, but some of which, owing 
 in some cases to obvious errors of the driller in describing for- 
 mations passed through, and, in other cases, owing to the rocks 
 presenting a section changed locally from the usual section, 
 may differ somewhat in one or more respects from a typical 
 section and in some parts be difficult to entirely interpret. The 
 records are given just as received from the drillers, but the 
 identification of sands and geological formations are by the 
 writer. 
 
 BATH COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Ragland farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 72 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 172 
 
 
 White shale 
 
 10 
 
 182 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 231 
 
 413 
 
 Devonian Skales. 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 21 
 
 4/34 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 2 — Rag-land farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 136 
 
 158 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 363 "] 
 
 1 
 
 White fire clay 
 
 6 
 
 369 
 
 r Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 9 
 
 378 j 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 20 
 
 398 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 3 — Rag-land farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 100 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 200 •'i 
 
 
 Fire clay 
 
 8 
 
 208 1 
 
 >. Devonian Shales. 
 
 Shale 
 
 14 
 
 222 J 
 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 30 
 
 252 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Red mud 
 
 206 
 
 458 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 2d sand 
 
 22 
 
 480 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Mud 
 
 
 482 
 
 
144 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 4 — Ragland farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation 
 
 Gravel 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 559 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 764 ' 
 
 | 
 
 White fire clay 
 
 8 
 
 772 
 
 > Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 12 
 
 784 . 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 20 
 
 804 * 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 5 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 167 
 
 X87 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 392 " 
 
 1 
 
 White fire clay 
 
 8 
 
 400 
 
 f- Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 12 
 
 412 „ 
 
 I 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 14 
 
 426 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 6 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Lime 
 
 50 
 
 50- 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 449 
 
 499 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 704 " 
 
 1 
 
 White fire clay 
 
 8 
 
 712 
 
 f- Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 12 
 
 724 „ 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 17 
 
 741 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 7 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 97 
 
 117 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 322 ' 
 
 1 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 
 330 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 342 , 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 15 
 
 357 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 8 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Lime 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 522 
 
 542 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 747 1 
 
 1 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 8 
 
 755 
 
 y Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 767 j 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 
 787 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 9 — Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 40 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 224 
 
 264 j 
 
 • Devonian Shales. 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 4 
 
 268 j 
 
 Sand 
 
 32 
 
 300 
 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 
 304 
 
 
 Stray sand (oil) 
 
 
 322 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 325 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 145 
 
 No. 10 — T. C. Ragland farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Gravel 5 5 
 
 Blue shale 172 177 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 206 383 *1 
 
 White fire-clay 5 388 r Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 15 403 J 
 
 Oil sand 19 422 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 11 — T. C. Ragland farm. 
 
 Gravel 10 10 
 
 Blue shale 362 372 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 577 1 
 
 White fire-clay 8 585 j- Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 597 J 
 
 Oil sand 18 615 Corniferous. 
 
 12 — Ragland farm. 
 
 
 
 
 Gravel 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 95 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 295 ' 
 
 | 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 
 303 
 
 (-Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 12 
 
 315 „ 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 27 
 
 342 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 13 — Ewing farm. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gravel 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 175 
 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 
 405 
 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 435 
 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 651 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 29 
 
 680 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 * 
 
 No. 14 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Shale 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 18 18 
 
 158 176 
 
 274 450 
 
 216 666 
 
 24 690 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 15 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Lime - 
 
 Slate 
 
 Black shale . . . . 
 Oil sand 
 
 13 13 
 
 225 238 
 
 273 511 
 
 215 726 
 
 21 747 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
146 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 No. 16 — Ewing - farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Gravel 20 20 
 
 Blue shale 391 411 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 616 'J 
 
 White fire-clay 8 624 V Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 636 J 
 
 Oil sand 24 660 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 17 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Lime 50 50 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 555 605 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 810 
 
 White fire-clay 5 815 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 15 830 J 
 
 Oil sand 25 855 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 18 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Gravel 4 4 
 
 Lime and shale 395 399 
 
 Black shale 205 604 "l 
 
 Fire-clay 8 612 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Shale 12 624 J 
 
 Oil sand 25 649 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 19 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Blue shale 590 590 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 206 796 
 
 White fire-clay 5 80T Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 15 816 J 
 
 Oil sand 25 841 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 20 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Gravel 40 40 
 
 Blue shale 662 702 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 206 908 
 
 White fire-clay 6 914 W Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 14 928 J 
 
 Oil sand 25 953 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 21 — Ewing farm. 
 
 Gravel 20 20 
 
 Blue shale 527 547 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 752 ^ 
 
 White fire-clay 8 760 L Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 772 J 
 
 Oil sand 22 794 Corniferous. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 147 
 
 No. 22 — Ewing' farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Lime 50 50 S’t. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 565 615 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 820 
 
 White fire-clay 8 828 >» Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 840 J 
 
 Oil sand 33 873 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 23 — Ewing* farm. 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 50 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 569 
 
 619 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 824 ' 
 
 ] 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 8 
 
 832 
 
 > Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 844 _ 
 
 1 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 
 878 ’ 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 24 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black shale 
 Ragland sand 
 Light shale 
 2d sand .... 
 Slate 
 
 2 2 
 
 155 
 
 157 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 113 
 
 270 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 24 
 
 294 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 220 
 
 514 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 83 
 
 597 
 
 Clinton (in upper part) 
 
 18 
 
 615 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 No. 25 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 12 12 
 
 White lime 56 68 
 
 White slate 89 157 
 
 White lime 90 245 
 
 Brown shale 10 255 
 
 White slate 10 265 f* Devonian Shales. 
 
 Black shale 200 465 J 
 
 Oil sand 22 487 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 26 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 6 6 
 
 White lime 264 270 
 
 Brown shale 20 290 ' 
 
 W T hite slate 20 310 
 
 Brown shale 162 472 > Devonian Shales. 
 
 White slate 12 484 
 
 Brown shale 6 490 ^ 
 
 Oil sand 19 509 Corniferous. 
 
148 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 27 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Gravel 18 18 
 
 White shale 280 298 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 190 488 “'I 
 
 Fire-clay 10 498 r Devonian Shales. 
 
 Black shale 15 513 J 
 
 Oil sand 22 535 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 28 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 10 10 
 
 White lime 298 308 
 
 Black shale 207 515 "'I 
 
 Brown shale 10 525 >• Devonian Shales. 
 
 Fire-clay 5 530 J 
 
 Oil sand 19 549 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 29 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 8 8 
 
 White shale 34(7 355 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale f 209 564 ) 
 
 Fire-clay 8 572 f Devonian Shales. 
 
 Oil sand 21 593 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 30 — Wooley farm. 
 
 White lime 50 50 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 508 558 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 206 764 
 
 White fire-clay 6 770 >- Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 13 783 J 
 
 Oil sand 22 805 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 31 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Blue shale 557 557 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 206 763 '1 
 
 White fire-clay 6 769 j- Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 14 783 J 
 
 Oil sand 24 807 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 32 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Blue shale 284 284 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 489 "j 
 
 White fire-clay 6 495 i- Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 13 508 J 
 
 Oil sand 22 530 Corniferous. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 149 
 
 No. 33 — Wooley farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 298 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 207 
 
 505 ' 
 
 [ 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 7 
 
 512 
 
 f Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 526 , 
 
 ) 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 20 
 
 . 546 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 34 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Blue shale . . 
 Black shale . . 
 White fire-clay 
 Brown shale . 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 No. 35 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Blue shale .... 
 Black shale . . . 
 White fire-clay 
 Brown shale . . 
 Oil sand 
 
 No. 36 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 492 
 
 542 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 203 
 
 747 ' 
 
 | 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 8 
 
 755 
 
 L Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 12 
 
 767 _ 
 
 f 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 22 
 
 789 ' 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 307 
 
 307 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 207 
 
 514; " 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 520 
 
 r Devonian Shales. 
 
 14 
 
 534 _ 
 
 j 
 
 15 
 
 549 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 550 550 Waverly. 
 
 207 757 "I 
 
 6 763 l Devonian Shales. 
 
 14 777 J 
 
 26 803 Corniferous. 
 
 37 — Wooley farm. 
 
 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 488 
 
 538 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 743 " 
 
 j 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 8 
 
 751 
 
 f Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 12 
 
 763 _ 
 
 ) 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 21 
 
 784 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 38 — Wooley farm. 
 
 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 533 
 
 613 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 205 
 
 818 ' 
 
 ) 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 8 
 
 826 
 
 r Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 838 . 
 
 J 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 
 858 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
150 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No, 39 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Gravel 20 20 
 
 Lime 40 60 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 515 575 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 780 1 
 
 White fire-clay 8 788 L Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 800 J 
 
 Oil sand 26 826 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 40 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Lime 40 40 St. Louis. 
 
 Blue shale 511 551 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 756 
 
 White fire-clay 8 764 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 776 J 
 
 Oil sand 21 797 Corniferous. 
 
 No. 41 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel and blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White fire-clay 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Ragland sand 
 
 No. 42 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Shale 
 
 Soapstone or fire-clay 
 
 Shale 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 Ragland sand 
 
 Blue mud 
 
 Soft lime 
 
 Red mud 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 Blue mud 
 
 2d sand 
 
 Blue mud 
 
 No. 43 — Wooley farm. 
 
 Gravel 20 20 
 
 Blue shale 251 271 Waverly. 
 
 Black shale 205 4Y6 ^ 
 
 White fire-clay 8 484 L Devonian Shales. 
 
 Brown shale 12 436 J 
 
 Oil sand 15 511 Corniferous. 
 
 20 
 
 140 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 155 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 31 
 
 171 
 
 191 
 
 196 
 
 205 
 
 211 
 
 221 
 
 233 
 
 388 
 
 400 
 
 410 
 
 424 
 
 427 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 } 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara (?) 
 
 1 
 
 r- Clinton (?) 
 
 226 
 
 226 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 205 
 
 431 ' 
 
 ) 
 
 8 
 
 439 
 
 U Devonian Shales. 
 
 12 
 
 451 
 
 J 
 
 18 
 
 4 63 ‘ 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 151 
 
 No. 44 — McKinney farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Clay, sand and gravel 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 White shale 
 
 120 
 
 140 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 16 
 
 156 
 
 Fire-clay and shale 
 
 20 
 
 176 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 352 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 15 2 
 
 367 2 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 :} 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 MENEFEE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Hulda Coldiron farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 9 
 
 51 
 
 \ 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 13 
 
 64 
 
 r 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 6 
 
 70 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 25 
 
 95 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 25 
 
 120 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 310 
 
 430 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 2 
 
 432 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 4 
 
 436 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 24 
 
 460 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 6 
 
 466 
 
 j 
 
 Brown shale (shale gas at 500) . . . 
 
 137 
 
 603 
 
 i 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 ** 
 
 607 
 
 j 
 
 Dark lime (gas) 
 
 9 
 
 616 
 
 i 
 
 Gray lime (gas) 
 
 17 
 
 633 
 
 t 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 2 
 
 635 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 3 
 
 63S 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 17 
 
 655 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 2 
 
 657 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 3 
 
 660 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 1 
 
 661 
 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 3 
 
 664 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 O 
 
 667 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 2 
 
 665 
 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 3 
 
 672 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 4 
 
 676 
 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 
 700,000 cubic feet of gas per day. 
 
152 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No. 2 — J. M. Adams farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Clay 7 7 
 
 Dark sand 47 54 "j 
 
 Black shale 159 2 504 2 ) 
 
 Blue shale 4 2 509 i 
 
 Dark lime 16 525 ) 
 
 Gray lime (gas and salt water) ... 10 535 f 
 
 Blue shale 10 545 "1 
 
 Gray lime 5 550 
 
 Light shale 7 557 J 
 
 No. 3 — Ewing* Heirs. 
 
 Gravel 15 15 
 
 Blue lime 325 340 
 
 Black shale 230 570 
 
 Ragland sand 50 620 
 
 Lime 180 800 
 
 Red rock 25 825 
 
 Lime 150 975 
 
 White slate 25 1,000 
 
 Blue lime 200 1,200 
 
 Red rock 10 1,210 
 
 White lime 300 1,510 
 
 White sand 50 1,560 
 
 White lime 80 1,640 
 
 Sand 20 1,660 
 
 Lime 141 1,801 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 No. 4 — Agues Rothwell farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Dark sandstone 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Dark gas lime (gas) 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Red and brown shale. . . . 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Gray lime and fossils. . . 
 
 186 
 
 190 
 
 
 2 
 
 192 
 
 > 
 
 206 
 
 398 
 
 
 14 
 
 412 
 
 J 
 
 130 
 
 542 
 
 
 2 
 
 544 
 
 
 11 
 
 555 
 
 [ 
 
 6 
 
 561 
 
 
 11 
 
 572 
 
 J 
 
 17 
 
 589 
 
 
 15 
 
 604 
 
 [ 
 
 11 
 
 615 
 
 J 
 
 45 
 
 660 
 
 
 40 
 
 700 
 
 l 
 
 L 
 
 39 
 
 739 
 
 r 
 
 j 
 
 10 
 
 749 
 
 5 
 
 754 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 759 
 
 411 
 
 1,170 
 
 r 
 
 j 
 
 30 
 
 1,200 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Ragland Sand. 
 
 Niagara STiales. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 153 
 
 No. 5 — Bellamy farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 Black shale . . . 
 Blue shale .... 
 Hard, gray lime 
 Dark shale . . . 
 Dark lime .... 
 Gray lime .... 
 Dark lime .... 
 
 No. 6 — Davis Hamilton farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Soft, blue shale 
 
 Hard, blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Soft, blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Olive green shale 
 
 Yellow flint 
 
 Reddish-brown shale 
 
 Light-green slate 
 
 Reddish-brown shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Pink shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 White shale 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Hard, black lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Dark lime (white specks) 
 
 Green lime 
 
 Dark gray lime 
 
 Dark gray lime (fossils) 
 
 White lime 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Dark gray slate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 5 
 
 113 
 
 118 1 Waverly ‘ 
 
 150 
 
 268 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 62 
 
 330 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 15 
 
 345 
 
 
 38 
 
 383 
 
 
 232 
 
 615 
 
 - Clinton and Hudson. 
 
 10 
 
 625 
 
 
 75 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 12 " 
 
 | 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 
 
 152 
 
 175 
 
 
 35 
 
 210 
 
 ’ Waverly. 
 
 3 
 
 213 
 
 
 2 
 
 215 J 
 
 
 143 
 
 358 ] 
 
 
 64 
 
 422 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 18 
 
 440 J 
 
 
 46 
 
 436 'I 
 500 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 I 
 
 501 I 
 
 8 
 
 509 ( 
 
 ► Niagara. 
 
 3 
 
 512 | 
 
 2 
 
 514 I 
 
 11 
 
 525 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 2 
 
 527 
 
 3 
 
 530 
 
 18 
 
 548 
 
 24 
 
 572 
 
 2 
 
 574 
 
 3 
 
 577 
 
 8 
 
 585 
 
 3 
 
 588 
 
 2 
 
 590 
 
 4 
 
 594 
 
 6 
 
 600 
 
 14 
 
 614 
 
 103 
 
 717 
 
 5 
 
 722 
 
 2 
 
 724 
 
 1 
 
 725 
 
 6 
 
 731 
 
 83 
 
 814 
 
 11 
 
 825 
 
 35 
 
 860 
 
 98 
 
 958 
 
 8 
 
 966 
 
 3 
 
 969 
 
 5 
 
 974 
 
 21 
 
 995 
 
 3 
 
 998 
 
 7 
 
 1,005 
 
154 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 7 — J. J. Chambers, No. 2. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Clay 7 
 
 Blue sand 113 
 
 Blue shale 333 2 
 
 Gray lime 3 2 
 
 Black shale 156 
 
 White shale 8 
 
 Dark lime (gas show at 636) 40 
 
 (oil show at 646) 
 
 Gray lime ' 15 
 
 S'alt water sand 12 
 
 Gray lime 7 
 
 Blue shale 13 
 
 Depth. 
 
 7 
 
 120 
 
 453 2 
 
 457 
 
 613 
 
 621 
 
 661 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 j Waverly. 
 
 j- Devonian Shales. 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 
 676 
 
 688 
 
 695 
 
 708 
 
 No. 8 — T. r. Poynter farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Gray slate 
 
 Red slate 
 
 Gray slate .... 
 Black shale . . . . 
 Light shale . . . 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Gray lime (gas) 
 Gray shale . . . . 
 
 7 7 
 
 363 370 '] 
 
 5 375 
 
 35 410 J 
 
 140 550 ) 
 
 7 557 \ 
 
 2 559 ( 
 
 18 577 ) 
 
 13 590 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous L. S. 
 Niagara. 
 
 No. 9 — R. S. Ingram farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Sandstone 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Hard sandstone 
 
 Soft sandstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue lime and slate 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Dark gas lime (salt water) 
 
 Gray gas lime. 
 
 Light gas lime (oil show) 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Pink shale 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 104 
 
 
 ” Waverly. 
 
 6 
 
 110 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 210 
 
 
 
 187 
 
 397 
 
 - 
 
 
 173 
 
 570 
 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 ,30 
 
 600 
 
 ] 
 
 
 20 
 
 620 
 
 
 1 Corniferous. 
 
 10 
 
 630 
 
 J 
 
 
 10 
 
 640 
 
 
 110 
 
 750 
 
 
 20 
 
 770 
 
 
 25 
 
 795 
 
 
 53 
 
 848 
 
 
 No. 10 — W. F. Fitzpatrick farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Dark gas sand 
 
 Gray gas sand 
 
 Dark gas sand 
 
 Soft, blue shale 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 264 
 
 8 
 
 143 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 43 
 
 307 
 
 315 
 
 458 
 
 466 
 
 467 
 477 
 494 
 513 
 
 1 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 j 
 
 j - Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 155 
 
 No. 11 — Skidmore Bros.’ farm. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Clay 9 
 
 Dark sand 71 
 
 Blue shale 298 
 
 Black shale 156 
 
 Blue shale 6 
 
 Dark gas sand 7 
 
 Gray gas sand 26 
 
 Dark gas sand 11 
 
 Blue shale 6 
 
 Depth. 
 
 9 
 
 80 
 
 378 
 
 53-1 
 
 540 
 
 547 
 
 573 
 
 584 
 
 590 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 j- Waverly. 
 j- Devonian Shales. 
 
 j- Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 No. 12 — J. J. Chambers farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray gas sand (open, 1st pay) .... 
 
 Gray gas sand (close) 
 
 Gray gas sand (open, 2d pay) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 176 
 
 180 'j 
 
 
 92 
 
 272 
 
 
 2 
 
 274 
 
 
 51 
 
 325 
 
 
 17 
 
 342 
 
 
 60 
 
 402 
 
 ■ Waverly. 
 
 13 
 
 415 
 
 
 36 
 
 451 
 
 
 3 
 
 454 
 
 
 8 
 
 462 J 
 
 
 138 
 
 600 j 
 
 - Devonian Shales. 
 
 10 
 
 610 j 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 630 
 
 | 
 
 15 
 
 645 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 8 
 
 653 J 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 658 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 No. 13 — John P. Crockett farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Blue sand .... 
 Blue shale .... 
 Blue sand .... 
 Blue shale . . . 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Blue shale .... 
 Blue sand .... 
 Blue shale . . . 
 Gray lime .... 
 Blue shale .... 
 Gray lime .... 
 Black shale . . 
 Blue shale .... 
 Dark gas sand. 
 Light gas sand 
 Light gas sand 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 60 
 
 95 
 
 11 
 
 106 
 
 254 
 
 360 
 
 2 
 
 362 
 
 53 
 
 415 
 
 5 
 
 420 
 
 159 
 
 579 
 
 8 
 
 587 
 
 16 
 
 603 
 
 15 
 
 618 
 
 24 
 
 642 
 
 > Waverly. 
 
 - 
 
 t Devonian Shales. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
156 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 14 — James Neal farm. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 25 
 
 55 
 
 
 Blue shale . 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 8 
 
 108 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 20 
 
 220 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 
 240 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 
 288 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 22 
 
 310 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 20 
 
 330 
 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 78 
 
 408 
 
 J 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 12 
 
 420 
 
 Black shale 
 
 139 
 
 559 
 
 ) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 6 
 
 565 
 
 \ 
 
 Dark gas sand 
 
 19 
 
 584 
 
 ] 
 
 Light gas sand 
 
 12 
 
 596 
 
 l 
 
 Blue gas sand 
 
 
 601 
 
 J 
 
 POWELL COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Hardwick’s Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Soil 
 
 
 15 
 
 Black shale 
 
 100 
 
 115 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 100 
 
 215 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 190 
 
 405 
 
 No. 2 — Susan Hanks farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Hard, gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Hard, gray lime (oil show) 
 
 Soapstone . . * 
 
 Gray lime (salt water) . . . . 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 No. 3 — J. R. Ewen farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Black lime 
 
 4 4 
 
 126 130 
 
 13 14S 
 
 33 176 -1 
 
 4 180 L 
 
 15 195 J 
 
 3 198 ' 
 
 12 210 
 
 15 225 
 
 10 235 - 
 
 20 255 
 
 53 308 
 
 5 313 «, 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 134 
 
 156 
 
 10 
 
 166 
 
 54 
 
 220 
 
 3 
 
 223 
 
 10 
 
 233 
 
 320 
 
 553 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shales. 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Clinton and Hudson. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 157 
 
 No. 4 — O. A. Lisle farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone ..." 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 No. 5 — A. M. Swango farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Light soapstone 
 
 Gray lime . . 
 
 Light soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 Li’ght brown lime 
 
 Brown lime 
 
 No. 6 — Maxwell Bros’, farm. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 Gray lime (oil show) 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Gray lime (oil show) . . . 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime (oil show) .... 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 No. 7 — J. P. Martin, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Pink soapstone 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Brown lime (gas show) . 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Blue soapstone 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 32 
 
 135 
 
 167 
 
 10 
 
 177 
 
 50 
 
 227 
 
 2 
 
 229 
 
 11 
 
 240 
 
 75 
 
 315 
 
 522 
 
 837 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 163 
 
 187 
 
 10 
 
 197 
 
 43 
 
 240 
 
 3 
 
 243 
 
 10 
 
 253 
 
 997 
 
 1,250 
 
 225 
 
 1,475 
 
 5 
 
 1,480 
 
 21 
 
 1,501 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 160 
 
 178 
 
 5 
 
 183 
 
 107 
 
 290 
 
 5 
 
 295 
 
 30 
 
 325 
 
 10 
 
 335 
 
 85 
 
 420 
 
 2 
 
 422 
 
 318 
 
 740 
 
 62 
 
 802' 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 170 
 
 173 
 
 8 
 
 181 
 
 14 
 
 195 
 
 129 
 
 324 
 
 30 
 
 354 
 
 20 
 
 374 
 
 113 
 
 487 
 
 10 
 
 497 
 
 23 
 
 520 
 
 30 
 
 550 
 
 15 
 
 565 
 
 160 
 
 725 
 
 20 
 
 745 
 
 73 
 
 818 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 j- Clinton. 
 
 Hudson and Upper 
 *n Trenton. 
 
 L Probably Birdseye and 
 I Chazy. 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 Corniferous. 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 j> Waverly. 
 
 | Devonian Shales. 
 Corniferous. 
 Niagara. 
 
158 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 ESTILL COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 Tom West farm — Miller’s Station. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Clay 28 
 
 Blue soapstone 7 
 
 Black shale 58 
 
 Brown shale 51 
 
 White fire-clay 2 
 
 Brown sand 4 
 
 Light gray stone 2 
 
 White stone 86 
 
 Blue soapstone 49 
 
 Pink slate 46 
 
 Blue shale 40 
 
 Hard, gray shell 4 
 
 Blue shale 8 
 
 Pink slate 18 
 
 Hard, brown shell 4 
 
 Blue shale 8 
 
 Lime shell 2 
 
 Blue shale 8 
 
 Blue lime 3 
 
 Blue shale 2 
 
 Red rock 4 
 
 Blue lime 4 
 
 Blue shale 5 
 
 Blue lime 2 
 
 Blue shale 2 
 
 Blue lime 18 
 
 Gray stone 18 
 
 Blue shale 12 
 
 Blue lime 45 
 
 Blue shale 6 
 
 Blue lime 59 
 
 Depth. Geological Formatiion. 
 
 28 ) 
 
 * 35 j- Waverly. 
 
 93 
 144 
 146 
 150 
 152 
 238 
 287 
 333 
 373 
 377 
 385 
 403 
 407 
 415 
 417 
 425 
 4i28 
 430 
 434 
 438 
 443 
 445 
 447 
 465 
 483 
 495 
 540 
 546 
 605 
 
 j" Devonian Shales. 
 
 Wells on West farm, near Irvine. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 %2 
 
 32 
 
 48 
 
 Black 
 
 shale (Devonian) 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 632 
 
 52 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 Estill 
 
 sand (Corniferous) 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 76 
 
 86 2 
 
 87 
 
 61 
 
 75 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 159 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 MORGAN COUNTY WELL. 
 
 1 — Bums Well — West Liberty. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Coal t . . . . 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 White slate 
 
 Big lime 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate (Berea) 
 
 White shale 
 
 W'hite sand (Berea Grit) 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 Sandy lime (1st pay) 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark sand (2d pay) 
 
 Hard lime 
 
 1 — Catherine Gregory farm. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Blue mud 
 
 White lime 
 
 White sand 
 
 Blue shale 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 White lime 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White slate 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White slate 
 
 “Ragland sand” 
 
 White lime 
 
 White sand 
 
 White lime 
 
 White sand 
 
 Red rock 
 
 mess. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 
 68 
 
 86 
 
 
 2 
 
 88 
 
 
 10 
 
 98 
 
 
 230 
 
 328 
 
 
 40 
 
 368 
 
 Base of Conglomerate. 
 
 6 
 
 374 " 
 
 
 40 
 
 414 
 
 *■ St. Louis. 
 
 60 
 
 474 ^ 
 
 
 14 
 
 488 " 
 
 
 532 
 
 1,020 
 
 
 25 
 
 1,045 
 
 - Waverly. 
 
 50 
 
 1,095 
 
 
 10 
 
 1,105 - 
 
 
 260 
 
 1,365 
 
 Devonian. 
 
 43 
 
 1,4 : 08 
 
 Niagara. 
 
 30 
 
 1,438 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 15 
 
 1,453 
 
 
 9 
 
 1,462 
 
 
 40 
 
 1,502 
 
 
 6 
 
 1,508 
 
 
 n lower part. 
 
 
 Y WELLS. 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 15 
 
 25 
 
 Fire-clay. 
 
 20 
 
 45 
 
 S't. Louis. 
 
 125 
 
 160 
 
 1 
 
 320 
 
 48C 
 
 
 180 
 
 660 
 
 1 
 
 108 
 
 768 
 
 r Waverly. 
 
 60 
 
 828 
 
 
 30 
 
 858 J 
 
 1 
 
 260 
 
 1,118 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,130 i 
 
 1 
 
 r" Devonian Shales. 
 
 40 
 
 1,170 ! 
 
 90 
 
 1,260 J 
 
 
 
 
 Upper Silurian and 
 
 70 
 
 1,330 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 110 
 
 1,440 
 
 (A few feet of the 70- 
 
 10 
 
 1,450 
 
 foot limestone below 
 
 40 
 
 1,490 
 
 1,260 are probably 
 
 60 
 
 1,550 
 
 Corniferous, and the 
 
 49 
 
 1,599 
 
 rest Niagara and Hel- 
 
 derburg.) 
 
160 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 2 — Strait Creek Coal Co. — Near Denton. 
 
 Soil 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 White, sandy s'hale 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 
 Brown sand 
 
 58 
 
 158 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 
 
 160 
 
 
 White lime and sand 
 
 110 
 
 270 
 
 
 Shale and fire-clay 
 
 46 
 
 316 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 346 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 10 
 
 356 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 9 
 
 365 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 60 
 
 425 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 10 
 
 435 
 
 J 
 
 White lime 
 
 15 
 
 4150 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 510 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 14 
 
 524 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 570 
 
 
 Limestone 
 
 109 
 
 679 
 
 
 White shale 
 
 443 
 
 1,122 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 
 1,247 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 28 
 
 1,275 
 
 > 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 447 
 
 1,722 
 
 
 Lime and fire-clay 
 
 40 
 
 1,762 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 68 
 
 1,830 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 80 
 
 1,910 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 10 
 
 1,920 
 
 
 White lime 
 
 95 
 
 2,015 
 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Waverly. 
 
 Devonian Shale. 
 
 No. 3 — Denton. 
 
 Soil 
 
 5 
 
 5 - 
 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 Blue lime 
 
 80 
 
 150 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 50 
 
 200 
 
 » Coal Measures ana 
 
 White sand 
 
 50 
 
 250 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 500 _ 
 
 
 St. Louis limestone 
 
 90 
 
 590 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Waverly 
 
 390 
 
 980 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 Berea shale 
 
 90 
 
 1,070 
 
 >- Waverly. 
 
 Berea sand 
 
 100 
 
 1,170 
 
 1 
 
 Black shale 
 
 500 
 
 1,670 1 
 
 - Devonian Shales. 
 
 Niagara blue shale 
 
 100 
 
 1,770 j 
 
 Clinton (oil) 
 
 • 
 
 70 
 
 1,840 
 
 Corniferous and Up 
 per Silurian. 
 
 The 100 feet of “Niagara 
 
 blue shale” of 
 
 the driller probably belongs 
 
 the Devonian. His 70 feet of “Clinton” probably includes Corniferous, Niagara 
 and Helderburg, the oil coming from the Corniferous. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 161 
 
 No. 4 — Keffer farm — Stinson Creek. 
 
 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Drift 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 Shale and sand.... 
 
 
 128 
 
 175 
 
 
 Big Injun . . 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 300 
 
 
 S’and 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 320 
 
 
 Shale break 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 366 
 
 
 Bastard lime 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 666 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 866 
 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 
 
 876 
 
 Berea Shale. 
 
 Gordon sand 
 
 (oil) . . . 
 
 
 116 
 
 992 
 
 Berea Grit. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 1,072 
 
 
 White shale 
 
 
 
 210 
 
 1,282 
 
 }>- Devonian Shales. 
 1 
 1 
 
 Black shale . 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,312 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 
 
 218 
 
 1,530 
 
 J 
 
 Clinton sand 
 
 (oil) . . 
 
 
 33 
 
 1,566 
 
 Corniferous and Up- 
 per Silurian lime- 
 stones. 
 
 (The geological divisions made by the driller are not correct.) 
 
 FLOYD COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — T. G. Allen farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 24 24 
 
 Slate 92 116 
 
 Sand 10 126 
 
 Slate 6 132 
 
 Sand 10 14i2 
 
 Slate 35 177 
 
 Sand 15 192 
 
 Slate 23 215 
 
 Sand 10 22S 
 
 Slate 5 230 
 
 Sand 46 276 
 
 Slate 11 287 
 
 Sand 28 315 
 
 Slate 54 369 
 
 S'and (black) 12 381 
 
 Slate 129 510 
 
 Sand (white) 15 525 
 
 Slate (black) 5 530 
 
 Sand, white (salt water) 215 745 
 
 Coal 4 749 
 
 Slate (black) 3 752 
 
 Sand (gray) 21 773 
 
 Slate 9 782 
 
 Sand (white) 95 87f 
 
 Slate (black) 20 897 
 
 Sand (white) 30 927 
 
 S’and (black) 20 947 
 
 Slate 98 1,045 
 
 Sand (white) 10 1,055 
 
 Slate (white 15 1,070 
 
 Sand 30 1,100 
 
 Slate 75 1,175 
 
 Sand (oil show) 32 1,207 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures 
 and Conglomerate. 
 
 J- Reaver Sand (?) 
 
 Horton Sand (?) 
 
 Pike Sand (?) 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
162 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 2 — Nathan Estep farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Conductor 35 35 
 
 White sand 15 50 
 
 Black slate 40 90 
 
 Dark sand 6 96 
 
 Black slate 86 182 
 
 Black sand 30 212 
 
 Black slate 10 222 
 
 Gray sand 25 247 
 
 Black slate 85 332 
 
 Sand 30 362 
 
 Slate 60 422 
 
 White sand 275 697 
 
 Slate 35 732 
 
 Sand 3 735 
 
 Slate 10 745 
 
 Hard sand 150 895 
 
 Slate 20 915 
 
 Sand 61 976 
 
 Slate 86 1,062 
 
 Hard, white sand (oil show) 55 1,117 
 
 No. 3 — W. N. Martin farm. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 White slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Black sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 White slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 12 
 
 50 
 
 4 
 
 54 
 
 43 
 
 97 
 
 13 
 
 110 
 
 76 
 
 186 
 
 38 
 
 224 
 
 10 
 
 234 
 
 20 
 
 254 
 
 56 
 
 310 
 
 4 
 
 3T4 
 
 22 
 
 336 
 
 76 
 
 412 
 
 20 
 
 432 
 
 13 
 
 445 
 
 218 
 
 663 
 
 5 
 
 668 
 
 5 
 
 673 
 
 40 
 
 713 
 
 32 
 
 745 
 
 80 
 
 825 
 
 5 
 
 830' 
 
 25 
 
 855 | 
 
 30 
 
 885 l 
 
 11 
 
 896 { 
 
 8 
 
 904 1 
 
 16 
 
 920 J 
 
 106 
 
 1,026 
 
 57 
 
 1,083 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand (?) 
 
 Horton Sand (?) 
 Pike Sand ( ?) 
 Salt S’and (?) 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand (?) 
 (Broken). 
 
 Salt Sand (?) 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 163 
 
 No. 4 — Adam Martin farm. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Conductor 51 51 
 
 White slate 25 76 
 
 Black sand 69 145 
 
 Gray sand 25 190 
 
 Slate 25 215 
 
 Dark sand 15 230 
 
 Red rock 28 258 
 
 Black slate 5 263 
 
 Gray sand 193 456 
 
 White sand (salt water) 384 840 
 
 Black slate 10 850 
 
 White sand 10 860 
 
 Dark sand 10 870 
 
 White sand 5 875 
 
 White slate 15 890 
 
 Sand 10 900 
 
 Slate 30 930 
 
 Sand 20 950 
 
 White slate 35 985 
 
 White sand 91 1,076 
 
 Gray sand Ill 1,187 
 
 Black slate 12 1,199 
 
 Lime (gas at 1,350) 211 1,410 
 
 Red sand 90 1,500 
 
 Gray sand 10 1,510 
 
 Brown shale (gas) 20 1,530 
 
 White slate 955 2,485 
 
 Hard lime 16 2,501 
 
 No. 5— Mud Iiick of Brush Creek of Beaver Creek. 
 
 Soil 24 24 
 
 Broken sand 51 75 
 
 Slate and lime 69 144i 
 
 Slate 131 275 
 
 White sand 50 325 
 
 Slate 75 400 
 
 White sand 80 480 
 
 Slate 45 525 
 
 White sand 175 700 
 
 Slate 5 705 
 
 White sand 30 735 
 
 Slate 13 748 
 
 White sand 8 756 
 
 Slate 34 790 
 
 Lime 7 797 
 
 Coal 2 799 
 
 White sand 92 891 
 
 Slate 2 893 
 
 White sand 34 927 
 
 Lime 10 937 
 
 Slate 83 1,020 
 
 Beaver sand (gas and oil) 45 1,065 
 
 Slate 10 1,075 
 
 Pike sand 40 1,115 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate 0 to 
 1,199. 
 
 Beaver and Hortori 
 together (?) 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Series. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
164 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 6 — Guffey well, near mouth of Salt Lick Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Drift 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 
 
 52 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 38 
 
 90 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Black slate 
 
 69 
 
 159 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 104 
 
 263 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 41 
 
 304 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 27 
 
 331 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 122 
 
 453 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 30 
 
 483 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 21 
 
 504 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 174 
 
 678 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Coal and lime shell 
 
 2 
 
 680 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 34 
 
 714 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 22 
 
 736 " 
 
 | 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 15 
 
 751 
 
 r Horton Sand. 
 
 White sand . . 
 
 79 
 
 830 - 
 
 1 
 
 Coal 
 
 1 
 
 831 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 18 
 
 849 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 3 
 
 852 
 
 
 Black sand 
 
 29 
 
 881 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 80 
 
 961 
 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 39 
 
 1,000 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 No. 7 — Cow Creek — One mile above mouth. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 Slate, some sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Slate and sand shells. . . . 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 40 
 
 160 
 
 300 
 
 245 
 
 5 
 
 110 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 40 
 
 200 
 
 500 
 
 745 
 
 750 
 
 860 
 
 885 
 
 905 
 
 915 
 
 942 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 No. 8 — Osborn well — Right Beaver, one and one-half miles below Brush Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 C .Gas at 882. 
 
 Sand ■< Oil at 896 to 901. 
 
 I Oil at 911. 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 
 256 
 
 275 
 
 
 30 
 
 305 
 
 
 130 
 
 435 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 293 
 
 728 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 152 
 
 880 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 165 
 
 No. 9 — Geo. Allen farm — Granny Hale branch of Rig-lit Beaver. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 
 
 White sand (salt water) . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Bight sand (gas and oil) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (oil show) . . . 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 18 18 
 
 42 60 
 
 2 2 62 
 
 80 142 
 
 81 223 
 
 3 2 226 
 
 31 257 
 
 81 338 
 
 69 407 
 
 30 437 
 
 14. 451 
 
 36 487 
 
 10 497 
 
 6 503 
 
 39 542 
 
 50 592 
 
 41 633 
 
 14 647 
 
 170 817 
 
 63 880 
 
 239 1,119 
 
 65 1,184 
 
 6 1.190 
 
 12 1,202 
 
 60 1,262 
 
 39 1,301 
 
 5 1,306 
 
 68 1,374 
 
 40 1,414 
 
 28 1,442 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver and Horton 
 together (?). 
 
 Pike Sand (?). 
 
 Salt Sand (?). 
 
 No. 10 — Janies Prater farm — Head of Prater Pork of Brush Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 37 
 
 Sand 
 
 6 
 
 43 
 
 Slate 
 
 49 
 
 92 
 
 S'and 
 
 6 
 
 98 
 
 Slate 
 
 33 
 
 131 
 
 Sand 
 
 41 
 
 172 
 
 Slate 
 
 34 
 
 206 
 
 Sand 
 
 20 
 
 226 
 
 Slate 
 
 54 
 
 280 
 
 Sand 
 
 71 
 
 351 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 381 
 
 Sand 
 
 10 
 
 391 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 451 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 458 
 
 Slate 
 
 12 
 
 470 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 481 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 52T 
 
 Sand 
 
 4 
 
 525 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 536 
 
 Sand 
 
 17 
 
 553 
 
 Slate 
 
 15 
 
 568 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 746 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver (?). 
 
166 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand . 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Very dark sand. . . 
 Very dark slate.. 
 Very dark sand. . 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Yellow slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 1 
 
 747 
 
 
 27 
 
 774 
 
 
 3 2 
 
 777 
 
 
 17 
 
 794 
 
 
 12 
 
 806 
 
 
 2 2 
 
 808 
 
 
 13 
 
 821 ) 
 
 
 53 
 
 874 f 
 
 Horton (?) 
 
 2 2 
 
 876 
 
 
 7 
 
 883 
 
 
 3 
 
 886 
 
 
 6 
 
 892 
 
 
 22' 
 
 914 
 
 
 6 
 
 920 
 
 
 37 
 
 957 
 
 Pike (?). 
 
 No. 11 — Head of Prater Pork of Brush Creek. 
 
 Drift 46 46 
 
 Light slate 35 81 
 
 Gray sand 10 51 
 
 Light slate 42 133 
 
 Gray sand 30 163 
 
 Light slate 8 171 
 
 Gray sand 62 233 
 
 Light slate 30 263 
 
 Gray sand 14 277 
 
 Light slate 76 353 
 
 Gray sand 20 373 
 
 Dark slate 34 407 
 
 Gray sand 9 416 
 
 Light slate 27 443 
 
 Gray sand 55 498 
 
 Light slate 99 557 
 
 Gray sand 6 603 
 
 Slate 4’ 607 
 
 White sand 145 752 
 
 Coal 1 753 
 
 Light gray sand 65 818 
 
 Coal 1 819 
 
 Light gray sand 109 928 
 
 Slate 2 930 
 
 Very dark sand 10 940 
 
 Black slate 6 946 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas, oil 
 
 and salt water) 150 1,096 
 
 Black slate 35 1,131 
 
 Sand 5 1,136 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver and Horton 
 Sands. 
 
 Pike S'and. 
 Salt Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 167 
 
 No. 12 — Esther Horton farm — Bock Creek, one and three-quarter miles above 
 mouth. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Drift 
 
 S’late 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 W'hite sand 
 
 Black sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand (gas and oil show) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 44 
 
 19 
 
 63 
 
 57 
 
 120 
 
 20 
 
 140 
 
 55 
 
 195 
 
 12 
 
 207 
 
 23 
 
 230 
 
 20 
 
 250 
 
 200 
 
 450 
 
 145 
 
 595 
 
 2 
 
 597 
 
 83 
 
 680 "I 
 
 5 
 
 685 y 
 
 4 
 
 689 J 
 
 l 2 
 
 690 
 
 28 
 
 718 
 
 2 2 
 
 720 
 
 6 
 
 726 
 
 10 
 
 736 "| 
 
 23 
 
 759 I 
 
 69 
 
 828 r 
 
 7 
 
 835 J 
 
 12 
 
 847 
 
 11 
 
 858 
 
 6 
 
 864 
 
 23 
 
 887 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver S'and. 
 
 Horton Sand, 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 13 — Green Pitts farm — Head of Pitts’ Pork of Middle Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 80 
 
 102 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 30 
 
 132 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 37 
 
 169 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 £>and 
 
 38 
 
 207 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate 
 
 5 
 
 212 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 37 
 
 249 
 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 48 
 
 297 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 26 
 
 323 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 77 
 
 400 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 64 
 
 464 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 189 
 
 653 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 118 
 
 771 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 3 
 
 774 
 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 221 
 
 995 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Vehy dark sand 
 
 5 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 156 
 
 1,156 
 
 Pike Sand, 
 
 Dark gray sand (gas) 
 
 10 
 
 1,166 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 18 
 
 1.184 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 46 
 
 1,230 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
168 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 14 — David Hays farm — Right Beaver. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 31 31 
 
 Sand 15 46 
 
 Slate 22 68 
 
 Sand 12 80 
 
 Slate 75 155 
 
 Sand 36 191 
 
 Slate 9 200 
 
 Sand 30 230 
 
 Slate 206 436 
 
 Sand 154 590 
 
 Slate 5 595 
 
 Sand 85 680 
 
 Slate 4 684 
 
 Sand (salt water) 301 985 
 
 Slate 5 990 
 
 Shelly sand 50 1,040 
 
 Slate 64 1,104 
 
 White sand 15 1,119 
 
 Gray sand (oil show and salt 
 
 water) 29 1,148 
 
 Slate 3 1,151 
 
 Gray sand (salt water) 26 1,177 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 15 — Jos. Gearhart farm — Salt Lick Creek, one and one-quarter miles up. 
 
 Conductor 27 27 ' 
 
 Gray sand 37 64 
 
 Coal 1 65 
 
 Black slate 15 80 
 
 White sand 70 150 
 
 Black slate 50 200 
 
 Gray sand 50 250 
 
 Dark lime 10 260 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 50 310 
 
 Slate (gas) 163 473 
 
 Gray sand 47 520 
 
 Light slate 38 558 
 
 White sand 156 714 
 
 Sandy lime 5 719 
 
 Gray sand 126 845 
 
 Black shale 1 846 
 
 Dark lime 5 851 
 
 Sand 54 905 
 
 Shelly slate 5 910 
 
 Sand (gas) 18 928 
 
 Very black slate 52 980 
 
 Sand (gas, oil and salt water)... 178 1,158 ) 
 
 Black lime 5 1,163 'j 
 
 Blue slate 2 1,165 i 
 
 Red shale 5 1,170 f 
 
 Dark lime 2 1,172 J 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate. 
 Mauch Chunk. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 169 
 
 No. 16 — Susanna Gearhart farm — Right Beaver, below mouth of Salt Lick. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Limy slate 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (oil, gas and salt water) .... 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Slate and sand shells 
 
 Reddish sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 v White sand (salt water) 
 
 Lime 
 
 No. 17 — Geo. Allen farm — Right Beaver, 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate and sand shells 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 
 
 Slate and sand shells 
 
 Sand (gas and salt water) 
 
 Coal or bituminous shale 
 
 Slaty lime 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Very black slate (gas) 
 
 Sand (gas, oil and salt water) .... 
 Black slate 
 
 No. 18 — Mouth of Salt Lick. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Slate and coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 
 3 
 
 41 
 
 
 15 
 
 56 
 
 
 19 
 
 75 
 
 
 8 
 
 83 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 22 
 
 105 
 
 Conglomerate, except 
 
 15 
 
 120 
 
 last member. 
 
 10 
 
 130 
 
 
 45 
 
 175 
 
 
 100 
 
 275 
 
 
 1U 
 
 469 
 
 
 123 
 
 592 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 12 
 
 604 
 
 
 191 
 
 795 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 1 
 
 796 
 
 
 12 
 
 808 
 
 
 40 
 
 848 
 
 
 55 
 
 903 
 
 
 90 
 
 993 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 20 
 
 1,013 
 
 
 40 
 
 1,053 
 
 
 2 
 
 1,055 
 
 
 45 
 
 1,100 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 2 y 2 
 
 1,102 2 
 
 Top of Mauch Chunk. 
 
 five-eighths of 
 
 a mile above Salt Lick. 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 
 14 
 
 60 
 
 
 18 
 
 78 
 
 
 90 
 
 168 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 2 
 
 170 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 97 
 
 267 
 
 
 126 
 
 393 
 
 
 412 
 
 805 
 
 Beaver and Horton 
 
 1 
 
 806 
 
 together (?). 
 
 4 
 
 810 
 
 
 17 
 
 827 
 
 
 47 
 
 874 
 
 
 120 
 
 994 
 
 Pike S’and. 
 
 6 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 40 
 
 95 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 60 
 
 155 
 
 
 41 
 
 196 
 
 
 61 
 
 257 
 
 
 11 
 
 268 
 
 
 156 
 
 424 
 
 
 61 
 
 485 
 
 
 15 
 
 500 
 
 
 156 
 
 656 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
170 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Very black slate 2 658 
 
 Light sand 5 663 
 
 Black slate 22 685 
 
 Light sand 102 787 
 
 Coal 1 788 
 
 Dark, slaty sand 61 84<9 
 
 Black slate 62 911 
 
 White sand (oil) 54 965 
 
 No. 19 — John Martin farm — East of mouth of Salt Eick. 
 
 Conductor 22 2 22 2 
 
 Gray sand 17 2 40 
 
 Light slate 60 100 
 
 Black slate 6 106 
 
 Light slate 94 200 
 
 Gray sand 30 230 
 
 Slate 238 468 
 
 Gray sand 65 533 
 
 Black slate 8 541 
 
 Dark sand 10 551 
 
 Light sand 112 663 
 
 Dark slate 5 668 
 
 Gray sand 13 681 
 
 Dark slate 49 730 
 
 Light sand 100 830 
 
 Gray sand 20 850 
 
 Dark slate 7 857 
 
 Gray sand 20 877 
 
 Dark slate 30 907 
 
 White sand 20 927 
 
 Dark slate and shells 24 951 
 
 Gray and white sands (oil) 16 967 
 
 Black, sandy slate 9 976 
 
 Light sand 9 985 
 
 Shelly slate 15 1,000 
 
 Black slate and red shale 13 1,013 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 12 1,025 
 
 Black slate 40 1,065 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 18 1,083 
 
 Black slate 8 1,091 
 
 Gray, white and pebbly sands (gas 
 
 and salt water) 51 1,142 
 
 No. 20 — John Martin, No. 3. 
 
 Soil 21 21 
 
 Sand 19 40 
 
 Coal 3 43 
 
 White slate 57 100 
 
 Coal 5 105 
 
 Sand 30 135 
 
 Slate 60 195 
 
 Sand 15 210 
 
 Slate 95 305 
 
 White sand 85 390 
 
 Slate 204 594 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 | Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate Meas- 
 ures. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 171 
 
 * 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Sand 
 
 246 
 
 840 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 
 850 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 1,040 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 15 
 
 1,055 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 60 
 
 1,115 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 1,135 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 1,215 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 52 
 
 1,267 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Oil show at 1,216. Salt water at 1,265. 
 
 No. 21 — Jas. Prater farm — Head of Prater Pork of Brush Creek. 
 
 Drift 46 
 
 Gray sand 20 
 
 Light slate 46 
 
 Gray sand 41 
 
 Light slate 87 
 
 Gray sand 30 
 
 Coal I 2 
 
 Light slate 299 
 
 Light gray sand (gas) 190 
 
 Slate 4 
 
 Sand 61 
 
 Coal 3 2 
 
 Sand 30 
 
 Coal 2 2 
 
 Sand 26 
 
 Coal I 2 
 
 Slate 6 
 
 Sandy slate 22 
 
 Yellow slate 6 
 
 Red shale 10 
 
 Gray sand ( Gas, oil and salt 99 g 
 
 White sand \ water. j 
 
 46 
 
 66 
 
 112 
 
 153 
 
 240 
 
 270 
 
 271 
 570 
 760 
 764 
 825 
 828 
 858 
 860 
 886 
 887 
 893 
 915 
 921 
 931 
 
 1,159 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand thickened, 
 or else Pike and Salt 
 Sands run together. 
 
 No. 22 — Mary Estep farm — Bight Beaver. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (oil) 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 123 
 
 160 
 
 102 
 
 262 
 
 173 
 
 435 
 
 10 
 
 445 
 
 236 
 
 681 
 
 2 2 
 
 683 
 
 8 
 
 691 
 
 25 
 
 716 
 
 149 
 
 865 
 
 10 
 
 875 
 
 45 
 
 920 
 
 44 
 
 964 
 
 19 
 
 983 
 
 43 
 
 1,026 
 
 IS 
 
 1.044 
 
 26 
 
 1,070 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 j- Beaver Sand. 
 
 j- Horton Sand. 
 
 ^j> Pike with a break in ft. 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 The Coal Measures probably extend down to 160. 
 
 The sands number five instead of four, the Pike Sand being probably split 
 by a bed of slate. 
 
172 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 23— T. G. Allen, No. 6. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Soil 42 42 
 
 Slate 7 49 
 
 Sand 50 99 
 
 Slate 83 182 
 
 Sand 68 250 
 
 Slate 90 340 
 
 Sand 20 360 
 
 Slate 100 460 
 
 Sand 178 638 
 
 Slate 5 643 
 
 Sand 183 826 
 
 Coal 2 828 
 
 White sand 20 848 
 
 Slate 5 853 
 
 Black sand 25 878 
 
 White sand 30 908 
 
 Slate 46 954 
 
 White sand 12 966 
 
 Black sand 10 976 
 
 White sand (salt water) 10 986 
 
 Black sand 15 1,001 
 
 White sand 5 1,006 
 
 Black sand 10 1,016 
 
 White sand 20 1,036 
 
 Slate 5 1,041 
 
 Sand 10 1,051 
 
 White slate 25 1,076 
 
 White shale 15 1,091 
 
 Sand (oil show at 1,092) 19 1,110 
 
 Slate 6 1,116 
 
 Sand 32 1,148 
 
 Slate 32 1,180 
 
 Lime 210 1,390 
 
 Slat* 50 1,440 
 
 Red sand 47 1,487 
 
 Geological Formation 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 1,180. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 Big Injun. 
 
 No. 24— W. M. Martin, No. 2. 
 
 Soil 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 40 
 
 80 
 
 
 Gray »and 
 
 40 
 
 120 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 5 
 
 125 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 
 
 . . . ' 20 
 
 145 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 40 
 
 185 
 
 
 Red sand 
 
 40 
 
 225 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 95 
 
 320 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 55 
 
 375 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 20 
 
 395 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 70 
 
 465 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 20 
 
 485 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 Salt sand 
 
 212 
 
 712 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 33 
 
 745 
 
 
 Salt sand (salt water at 765) . . 
 
 116 
 
 861 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 7 
 
 868 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 
 905 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 173 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Black slate 5 910 
 
 Gray sand 35 945 
 
 White slate 10 955 
 
 White sand 19 974 Pike (broken). 
 
 Black slate 51 1,025 
 
 Gray sand 60 1,085 
 
 Black slate 15 1,100 
 
 White sand 71 1,171 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 25 — John Burchett farm — Cow Creek, three miles above mouth. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 22 
 
 48 
 
 3 3 
 
 22 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate 
 
 77 
 
 150 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 30 
 
 180 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 45 
 
 225 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 30 
 
 255 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 50 
 
 305 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 310 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 115 
 
 425 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 40 
 
 465 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 78 
 
 543 
 
 
 White and gray sands 
 
 287 
 
 830 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Slate, very black at base 
 
 27 
 
 857 
 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 61 
 
 918 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 20 
 
 938 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 42 
 
 980 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 23 
 
 1,003 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 No. 26— -G. T. Kendrick farm — Head of Cow Creek. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 30 
 
 63 
 
 9 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 147 
 
 32 
 
 179 
 
 60 
 
 239 
 
 42 
 
 281 
 
 19 
 
 300 
 
 20 
 
 320 
 
 20 
 
 340 
 
 37 
 
 377 
 
 20 
 
 397 
 
 30 
 
 427 
 
 20 
 
 447 
 
 32 
 
 479 
 
 171 
 
 650 
 
 2 2 
 
 652 
 
 10 
 
 662 
 
 5 
 
 667 
 
 53 
 
 720 
 
 12 
 
 732 
 
 108 
 
 840 
 
 1 
 
 841 
 
 55 
 
 896 
 
 10 
 
 906 
 
 10 
 
 916 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand (broken). 
 
174 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation, 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 107 
 
 1,023 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 40 
 
 1,063 
 
 
 Gray and white sands 
 
 65 
 
 1,128 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 5 
 
 1,133 
 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 10 
 
 1,143 
 
 Base of Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate and red shale 
 
 120 
 
 1,263 ' 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 8 
 
 1,271 
 
 
 Limy slate 
 
 62 
 
 1,333 
 
 
 Sand and lime 
 
 40 
 
 1,373 
 
 - Mauch Chunk (?). 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 10 
 
 1,383 
 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 10 
 
 1,393 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 17 
 
 1,410 J 
 
 
 No. 27 — Jack Allen farm — Salt Lick Creek, 
 
 near mouth. 
 
 
 Drift 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 48 
 
 91 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 27 
 
 118 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 53 
 
 171 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Light sand 
 
 47 
 
 218 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 5 
 
 223 
 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 35 
 
 258 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 60 
 
 318 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 23 
 
 341 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 40 
 
 381 
 
 
 Light sand 
 
 15 
 
 396 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 42 
 
 438 
 
 
 White sand (pebbles, gas and salt 
 
 
 
 
 water) 
 
 232 
 
 670 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 24 
 
 694 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 145 
 
 839 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Black sand 
 
 20 
 
 859 
 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 20 
 
 879 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 50 
 
 929 
 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 77 
 
 1,006 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 8 
 
 1,014 
 
 
 No. 28 — Jos. Gray farm — Left Pork of Bull 
 
 Creek 
 
 , four miles up. 
 
 Drift 
 
 * 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 37 
 
 45 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 95 
 
 140 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 38 
 
 178 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 77 
 
 255 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 105 
 
 360 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 91 
 
 451 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 20 
 
 471 
 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 30 
 
 501 
 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 194 
 
 695 
 
 Beaver Shnd, 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 13 
 
 708 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 2 2 
 
 710 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 74 
 
 784 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Coal 
 
 1 
 
 785 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 35 
 
 820 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 6 
 
 826 ") 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 2 
 
 828 i 
 
 » Pike Sand. 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 72 
 
 900 J 
 
 
 Deep-red shale 
 
 35 
 
 935 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 7 
 
 942 
 
 
 Bed shale 
 
 20 
 
 962 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 68 
 
 1,030 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 175 
 
 No. 29-^Allen Transfer well — Mouth of Pitts’ Pork. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 32 32 
 
 Light slate 5 37 
 
 Very dark sand 8 45 
 
 Very dark slate 5 50 
 
 Coal 2 2 52 
 
 Dark slate 20 72 
 
 Gray sand 55 127 
 
 Dark slate 30 157 
 
 Gray sand 20 177 
 
 Dark slate 65 242 
 
 Gray sand 50 292 
 
 Black slate 5 297 
 
 Gray sand . . . . 20 317 
 
 Black slate 63 380 
 
 Gray sand 15 395 
 
 Black slate 95 490 
 
 White sand (oil and salt water) . . 262 752 
 
 Gray sand 20 772 
 
 Dark slate 2 774 
 
 White sand 30 804 
 
 Coal 3 2 807 
 
 Gray sand 11 818 
 
 Dark slate 22 840 
 
 White sand (gas, oil and salt 
 
 water) 233 1,073 
 
 Black slate 15 1,088 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 } 
 
 Beaver S’and. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike and Salt Sands. 
 
 No. 30 — A. S. Crisp farm — Buck’s Branch, one and one-third miles up. 
 
 Drift 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 Gray sahd 
 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 25 
 
 52 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 3 2 
 
 55 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 8 
 
 63 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 18 
 
 81 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 14 
 
 95 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 20 
 
 115 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 12 
 
 127 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 20 
 
 147 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 4 2 
 
 151 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 24 
 
 175 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 75 
 
 250 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 58 
 
 308 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 42 
 
 350 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 18 
 
 368 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 38 
 
 406 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 22 
 
 428 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 30 
 
 458 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 
 12 
 
 470 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 37 
 
 507 
 
 Gray sand (salt water) 
 
 
 129 
 
 636 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 6 
 
 642 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 
 30 
 
 672 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 12 
 
 684 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 
 41 
 
 725 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 28 
 
 753 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 
 47 
 
 800 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 - Horton Sand (broken). 
 
176 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 5 
 
 805 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 20 
 
 825 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 16 
 
 841 
 
 
 Yellow slate, lime and grit 
 
 26 
 
 867 
 
 
 Gray sand (gas and salt water) . 
 
 38 
 
 905 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Very red shale 
 
 18 
 
 923 
 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 7 
 
 930 
 
 
 Very red shale 
 
 40 
 
 970 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 4)0 
 
 1,010 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 12 
 
 1,022 
 
 
 Light slate 
 
 19 
 
 1,041 
 
 
 Dark graj r sand 
 
 4' 
 
 1,045 
 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 5 
 
 1,050 3 
 
 j. Salt Sand. 
 
 Gray sand (oil) 
 
 11 
 
 1,061 J 
 
 No. 31 — Janies Hicks farm — Head of Brush Creek. 
 
 Drift 18 
 
 Slate 21 
 
 Gray sand 2 
 
 Slate 15 
 
 Gray sand 18 
 
 Slate 26 
 
 Gray sand 10 
 
 Slate 25 
 
 Gray sand 112 
 
 Slate 153 
 
 Gray sand 12 
 
 Slate 38 
 
 Gray sand 25 
 
 Sandy slate 73 
 
 Gray sand 27 
 
 White sand (gas) 55 
 
 Dark slate 5 
 
 White sand (gas) 54 
 
 Dark slate . . . . 3 
 
 White sand (salt water) 127 
 
 Coal and slate 2 
 
 White sand 83 
 
 Coal 1 
 
 Gray sand 7 
 
 Dark slate 38 
 
 White sand (gas) 69 
 
 Dark slate 30 
 
 Gray and white sands (oil and salt 
 
 water) 115 
 
 18 
 
 39 
 
 41 
 
 56 All Coal Measures and 
 7 4 Conglomerate. 
 
 100 
 110 
 135 
 247 
 400 ^ 
 
 4T2 
 
 450 
 475 
 548 
 575 ' 
 630 
 635 
 689 I 
 692 { 
 819 
 821 
 
 904 J 
 
 905 
 912 
 950 
 
 1,019 
 
 1,0411 
 
 Beaver and Horton 
 Sands (broken). N 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 1,164 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 32 — Marion Rice farm — Prater Pork, three and one- half miles up. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Light slate 
 Dark slate 
 Black slate 
 Dark slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Dark slate 
 Gray sand 
 Slate 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 18 
 
 n 
 
 20 
 
 61 
 
 25 
 
 ws 
 
 22 
 
 108 
 
 42 
 
 112 
 
 70 
 
 182 
 
 4 
 
 186 
 
 19 
 
 205 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 177 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formatiion 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Graj 7- sand 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Brown, sandy slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Red shale 
 
 No. 33 — Jack Allen farm — Mott’s Branch 
 
 Drift 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate . . k 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas) 
 
 Coal 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray and white sands (gas and 
 
 salt water) 
 
 Lime 
 
 5 £10 
 
 26 236 
 
 8 244 
 
 43 287 
 
 43 330 
 
 58 388 
 
 68 456 
 
 115 571 Beaver Sand. 
 
 18 589 
 
 12 601 1 
 
 34 635 l „ , _ _ 
 
 97 732 r H0rt0nSand ' 
 
 41 773 J 
 
 14 787 
 
 4 791 
 
 48 839 ) 
 
 28 867 ) Sand. 
 
 7 874 
 
 40 914 
 
 78 992 
 
 28 1,020 Base of Conglomerate. 
 
 6 1,026 ) ,, . 
 
 , „ * nAn > Mauch Chunk. 
 
 1< 1,043 \ 
 
 of Salt I>ick. 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 
 38 
 
 60 
 
 
 15 
 
 75 
 
 
 39 
 
 114 
 
 
 71 
 
 185 
 
 
 51 
 
 236 
 
 
 15 
 
 251 
 
 
 20 
 
 271 
 
 
 69 
 
 340 
 
 
 15 
 
 355 
 
 
 105 
 
 460 
 
 
 269 
 
 729 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 
 l 2 
 
 730 
 
 
 14 
 
 744 
 
 
 96 
 
 840 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 l 2 
 
 841 
 
 
 29 
 
 870 
 
 ) 
 
 6 
 
 876 
 
 > Pike Sand (broken) 
 
 10 
 
 886 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 97 
 
 993 ^ 
 
 
 133 
 
 1,126 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 9 
 
 1,135 
 
 Mauch Chunk. 
 
178 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No. 34 — Geo. Allen farm — Right Beaver, one-third mile above Salt Iiick. 
 
 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Drift 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 42 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 
 
 4 2 
 
 46 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 64 , _ 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 103 Conglomerate. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 128 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 153 
 
 Light sand 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 175 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 181 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 
 
 3 2 
 
 184 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 257 
 
 Light sand 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 293 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 
 
 203 
 
 496 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 690 -'j 
 
 White sand 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 715 L Beaver S’and. 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 742 J 
 
 Light slate 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 748 
 
 W'hite sand . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 165 
 
 913 Horton Sand. 
 
 Coal 
 
 
 
 
 l 2 
 
 914 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 919 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 927 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 985 
 
 White and gray 
 
 sands 
 
 (gas 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 oil) 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 1,014 Pike Sand. 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1,018 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 1,031 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1,035 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1,045 
 
 Slate and red rock 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1,053 
 
 Gray and white 
 
 sands 
 
 (gas 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 salt water) . . 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 1,084 "j 
 
 Black slate 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 1,129 l- Salt Sand (broken). 
 
 Gray and white sands. . 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 1,179 J 
 
 No. 35 — R. S. Elliott farm — Head of Big Mud Creek. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Slate 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Dark sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (oil and salt water) . . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 31 
 
 50 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 
 64 
 
 98 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 186 
 
 28 
 
 20 
 
 291 
 
 75 
 
 50 
 
 23 
 
 352 
 
 83 
 
 8 
 
 31 
 
 81 
 
 157 
 
 238 
 
 302 
 
 400 
 
 415 
 
 417 
 
 450 
 
 636 
 
 664 
 
 684 
 
 975 
 
 1,050 
 
 1,100 
 
 1,123 
 
 1,475 
 
 1,558 
 
 1,566 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver Sand. 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 179 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Red shale 24 1,590 
 
 Gray sand 28 1,618 
 
 White sand (oil show) 3 1,621 
 
 Gray sand 89 1,710 
 
 White sand 21 1,731 
 
 Black slate 30 1,761 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 No. 36 — Jack Allen farm — Mouth of Salt Iiick. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate . . . . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 
 Black slate .... 
 Gray sand 
 White sand . . . 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand . . . 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate .... 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate .... 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 90 
 
 75 
 
 165 
 
 50 
 
 2T5 
 
 15 
 
 230 
 
 18 
 
 248 
 
 32 
 
 280 
 
 30 
 
 310 
 
 120 
 
 430 
 
 60 
 
 490 
 
 8 
 
 498 
 
 32 
 
 530 
 
 45 
 
 575 
 
 93 
 
 668 
 
 1 
 
 669 
 
 34 
 
 703 
 
 98 
 
 801 
 
 1 
 
 802 
 
 4 
 
 806 
 
 15 
 
 821 
 
 29 
 
 850 
 
 69 
 
 919 
 
 41 
 
 960 
 
 19 
 
 979 
 
 19 
 
 998 
 
 2 
 
 1,000 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver S’and (broken). 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 Pike Sand (broken). 
 
 No. 39 — Dan Howard farm. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand (gas and salt water) . . 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Gray and white sands (oil) 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 185 
 
 197 
 
 3 2 
 
 200 
 
 27 
 
 227 
 
 93 
 
 320 
 
 3 2 
 
 323 
 
 97 
 
 420 
 
 441 
 
 464 
 
 85 
 
 549 
 
 31 
 
 580 
 
 72 
 
 652 
 
 416 
 
 1,068 
 
 3 
 
 1,071 
 
 13 
 
 1,084 
 
 60 
 
 1,144 
 
 7 
 
 T.151 
 
 61 
 
 1,212 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Beaver and Horton 
 Sands. 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
180 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 PIKE COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Well on Poor Farm, two miles from Fikeville. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Conductor 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand . . 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Shelly slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Gray lime 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Red rock 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Dark lime 
 
 Very black slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Red slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 No. 2 — Bowles farm — Hurricane Creek, 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 75 
 
 135 
 
 Conglomerateto 1,307. 
 
 29 
 
 164 
 
 
 76 
 
 240 
 
 
 40 
 
 280 
 
 
 154 
 
 434 
 
 
 24 
 
 458 
 
 
 60 
 
 5r8 
 
 
 289 
 
 807 
 
 Beaver Sand (?). 
 
 56 
 
 863 
 
 
 52 
 
 915 
 
 Horton Sand (?) 
 
 5 
 
 920 
 
 
 15 
 
 132 
 
 935 ) 
 1,067 i 
 
 • Pike Sand (?). 
 
 7 
 
 1,074 
 
 
 61 
 
 1,135 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,140 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,152 
 
 
 35 
 
 1,187 
 
 
 11 
 
 1,198 
 
 
 8 
 
 1,206 
 
 
 28 
 
 1,234 
 
 
 25 
 
 1,259 
 
 
 20 
 
 1,279 
 
 
 12 
 
 1,291 
 
 
 16 
 
 1,307 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 
 
 
 Series (?). 
 
 12 
 
 1,319 -> 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 1,322 
 
 ! 
 
 88 
 
 7 
 
 1,410 
 
 1,417 
 
 L Mauch Chunk. 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 1,432 
 
 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 1,436 J 
 1,506 
 
 (St. Louis missing). 
 
 1 
 
 36 
 
 21 
 
 1,542 j 
 1,563 | 
 
 y Big Injun Group, 
 
 i 
 
 27 
 
 1,590 J 
 
 re miles 
 
 from Pikeville. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Gray sand 
 Dark slate 
 Gray sand 
 Dark slate 
 Gray sand 
 Dark slate 
 Gray sand 
 Light slate 
 Black slate 
 Gray sand 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 95 
 
 15 
 
 110 
 
 48 
 
 15S 
 
 46 
 
 204 
 
 81 
 
 285 
 
 45 
 
 330 
 
 53 
 
 383 
 
 25 
 
 408 
 
 40 
 
 448 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 1,3 1 4 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 181 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark sand (salt water) . . . 
 
 Light sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (gas) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand (salt water) . . . 
 
 White sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Limy sand 
 
 Light slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Red, sandy shale 
 
 Red shale and slate 
 
 Dark gray sand 
 
 Limy sand 
 
 Sand Cgas and salt water) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 132 
 
 580 
 
 4'0 
 
 620 
 
 50 
 
 670 
 
 36 
 
 706 
 
 72 
 
 778 
 
 18 
 
 796 
 
 134 
 
 930 
 
 52 
 
 982 
 
 59 
 
 1,041 
 
 12 
 
 1,053 
 
 171 
 
 1,224 
 
 16 
 
 1,240 
 
 30 
 
 1,270 
 
 32 
 
 1,302 
 
 12 
 
 1,314 
 
 18 
 
 1,332 
 
 17 
 
 1,349 
 
 13 
 
 1,362 
 
 16 
 
 1,378 
 
 5 
 
 1,383 
 
 3 
 
 1,386 
 
 14 
 
 1,400 
 
 32 
 
 1,432 
 
 4 
 
 1,436 
 
 36 
 
 1,472 
 
 182 
 
 1,654 
 
 108 
 
 1,762 
 
 2 
 
 1,764 
 
 Geological Formatiion. 
 
 (Three Sands in Con- 
 glomerate at 670, 982 
 and 1,053.) 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 1 
 
 Chester Group (Mauch 
 } Chunk). 
 
 J 
 
 } May be St. Louis 
 f partly cut out. 
 Big Injun. 
 Pocono Slate. 
 
 No. 3 — Cedar Greek. 
 
 Soil ’ 41 41 
 
 Light slate 23 64 
 
 Gray sand 10 74 
 
 Dark slate 40 114 
 
 Gray sand 10 124 
 
 Whitish slate 96 220 
 
 Coal 4 2 224 
 
 Dark slate 176 400 
 
 Gray sand 25 425 
 
 Black slate 75 500 
 
 White sand 285 785 
 
 Dark slate 72 857 
 
 White sand 218 1,075 
 
 Black sand 10 1,085 
 
 White sand 10 1,095 
 
 Gray sand 72 1,167 
 
 Shelly slate 108 1,275 
 
 Red shale 105 1,380 
 
 White sand 40 1,420 
 
 Black slate 5 1,425 
 
 Gray and white sands (salt water) 74 1,499 
 
 (Two Sands in Con- 
 glomerate — one at 50( 
 and one at 857.) 
 
 1 
 
 I* - 
 j 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures in this. 
 
 "1 Chester Group (Mauch 
 { Chunk), 
 
 j (Mountain Lime miss- 
 J ing.) 
 
 Big Injun. 
 
182 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 4 — Henry Taylor farm — Brushy Pork of John’s Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Coal 
 
 Light slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 Gray sand (gas) 
 
 Dark sand (salt water) 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Dark slate 
 
 White sand (salt water) 
 
 Sandy slate 
 
 White pebbly sand (gas and salt 
 
 water) 
 
 Lime 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Red shale 
 
 Blue slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 Blue and white sand (salt water) . 
 Slate 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 42 
 
 55 
 
 160 
 
 215 
 
 70 
 
 285 
 
 50 
 
 335 
 
 5 2 
 
 340 
 
 7 
 
 347 
 
 38 
 
 385 
 
 113 
 
 498 
 
 48 
 
 546 
 
 21 
 
 567 
 
 65 
 
 632 
 
 33 
 
 665 
 
 35 
 
 700 
 
 12 
 
 712 
 
 26 
 
 738 
 
 50 
 
 788 
 
 22 
 
 810 
 
 11 
 
 821 
 
 99 
 
 920 
 
 5 
 
 925 
 
 47 
 
 972 
 
 5 
 
 977 
 
 41 
 
 1,018 
 
 54 
 
 1,072 
 
 129 
 
 1,201 
 
 15 
 
 1,216 
 
 18 
 
 1,234 
 
 22 
 
 1,256 
 
 34 
 
 1,290 
 
 15 
 
 1,305 
 
 83 
 
 1,388 
 
 2 
 
 1,390 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate to 1,201 
 
 j- Beaver Sand. 
 
 Horton Sand. 
 
 } 
 
 Pike Sand. 
 
 Salt Sand. 
 
 Base of Conglomerate 
 Measures. 
 
 Chester Group (Mauch 
 Chunk). 
 
 (St. Louis missing.) 
 Big Injun. 
 
 Top of Pocono Slate. 
 
 KNOX COUNTY W T ELLS. 
 
 Wo. 1 — Payne’s Creek, eleven miles northwest of Barbourville. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black shale . . . . 
 
 Coal 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Sbale and slate 
 Black shale . . . 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 35 
 
 55 
 
 3 
 
 58 
 
 25 
 
 83 
 
 5 
 
 88 
 
 20 
 
 108 
 
 12 
 
 120 
 
 64 
 
 184 
 
 18 
 
 202 
 
 30 
 
 232 
 
 150 
 
 382 
 
 40 
 
 422 
 
 52 
 
 474 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 183 
 
 No. 2 — Payne’s Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Soil 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 
 16 
 
 Soapstone 
 
 
 20 
 
 Sand 
 
 40 
 
 60 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 175 
 
 Sand 
 
 10 
 
 185 
 
 Shale 
 
 127 
 
 312 
 
 P>’q o 
 
 10 
 
 322 
 
 Slate 
 
 18 
 
 340 
 
 Sand 
 
 10 
 
 350 
 
 Shale 
 
 60 
 
 410 
 
 
 80 
 
 490 
 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 20 
 
 510 
 
 Spnrt 
 
 60 
 
 570 
 
 Shale 
 
 38 
 
 608 
 
 Sand 
 
 222 
 
 830 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 865 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 50 
 
 915 
 
 Coal 
 
 3 
 
 918 
 
 Sand 
 
 32 
 
 950 
 
 Sliale 
 
 4 
 
 954 
 
 Sand 
 
 49 2 
 
 1,003 s 
 
 No. 3 — Caleb Powers farm, near Whitley line. 
 
 Soil 10 10 
 
 Sand 15 25 
 
 Shale 325 350 
 
 Sand 45 395 
 
 Slate 50 445 
 
 Sand 200 645 
 
 Slate 5 650 
 
 Sand 100 750 
 
 Coal 4 754 
 
 Slate 5 759 
 
 Sand 151 910 
 
 No. 4 — Barbourville. 
 
 Soil 23 23 
 
 Sand 27 50 
 
 Shale 45 95 
 
 Slate 65 160 
 
 Slate and shale 40 200 
 
 Hard, sandy lime 5 205 
 
 Slate and sand shells 110 315 
 
 Gray lime 8 323 
 
 Slate 27 350 
 
 Sand 68 418 
 
 Slate 2 420 
 
 Sand (oil at 430) 45 465 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
184 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 No 5 — Thos. Henson, farm — Fighting Creek, two and one-half miles from Barbour- 
 ville. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil and black slate 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 Close, hard sand 
 
 60 
 
 110 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Loose shale 
 
 50 
 
 160 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Water sand 
 
 100 
 
 260 
 
 
 Shale and slate 
 
 12 
 
 272 
 
 
 "Wages” sand 
 
 48 
 
 320 " 
 
 | 
 
 Very close sand (show of oil 
 
 and 
 
 
 >• Wages Sand. 
 
 gas) 
 
 70 
 
 390 „ 
 
 1 
 
 Loose pebbles, shale, etc 
 
 10 
 
 400 
 
 
 “Jones” sand 
 
 90 
 
 490 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 Black sand 
 
 2 
 
 4(92 
 
 
 No. 6 — Thomas Poindexter farm — Fighting Creek, one-quarter mile northeast of 
 No. 5. 
 
 Soil 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Gravel 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 Blue clay 
 
 20 
 
 50 
 
 
 Coal . . o 
 
 3 
 
 53 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Clay and shale 
 
 7 
 
 60 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 White sand . 
 
 40 
 
 100 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 20 
 
 120 
 
 
 Shale, slate and shells 
 
 72 
 
 192 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 12 
 
 204 
 
 
 Loose shale 
 
 25 
 
 229 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 10 
 
 239 
 
 
 Shale, slate and shells 
 
 30 
 
 269 
 
 
 Loose, gray sand.. 
 
 4 
 
 273 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 90 
 
 363 
 
 Wages Sand ( ?) : 
 
 Shell and slate 
 
 70 
 
 433 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 12 
 
 445 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 10 
 
 455 
 
 
 Coal 
 
 4 
 
 459 
 
 
 STiale 
 
 16 
 
 475 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 16 
 
 491 ^ 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 4 
 
 495 
 
 ! 
 
 Black sand 
 
 10 
 
 505 
 
 y Jones Sand (?). 
 
 White sand 
 
 9 
 
 514 j 
 
 
 7 — James Brindstaff farm — righting 
 
 Creek 
 
 (adjoins 
 
 : No. 6). 
 
 Soil 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 
 Blue slate (water) 
 
 6 
 
 61 
 
 
 White sand (water) 
 
 12 
 
 73 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Slate and shell 
 
 17 
 
 90 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Blue clay 
 
 20 
 
 110 
 
 
 Slate and shell 
 
 82 
 
 192 
 
 
 Black sand 
 
 10 
 
 202 
 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 16 
 
 218 
 
 
 White sand (oil show) 
 
 57 
 
 275 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Slate, shale and shells 
 
 60 
 
 335 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 65 
 
 400 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 10 
 
 410 
 
 
 White sand (oil at 448 and 471).. 
 
 91 
 
 501 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 185 
 
 No. 8 — James Brindstaff, No. 2. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Surface and sand 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 10 
 
 50 
 
 
 Gray sand 
 
 15 
 
 65 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Brown slate 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 65 
 
 165 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 8 
 
 173 
 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 22 
 
 195 
 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 7 
 
 202 
 
 
 Slate and shells 
 
 16 
 
 2T8 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 57 
 
 275 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Slate, shale and shells 
 
 60 
 
 335 
 
 
 White sand 
 
 65 
 
 400 
 
 
 Blue sand 
 
 10 
 
 410 
 
 
 White sand (oil at 448 and 471).. 
 
 91 
 
 501 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 No. 9 — James Brindstaff, No. 3. 
 
 Clay 10 10 
 
 Blue sand 40 50 
 
 Gray sand 15 65 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Brown slate 35 100 Conglomerate. 
 
 Brown shale . 65 165 
 
 White sand 8 173 
 
 Brown shale . 22 195 
 
 White sand 86 281 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Brown shale 49 330 
 
 White sand 12 342 
 
 White slate 20 362 
 
 White sand 10 372 
 
 Brown shale 20 392 
 
 White sand 88 480 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 No. 10 — Mollie Maniss farm — righting* Creek, east of No. 9. 
 
 Clay 10 10 
 
 Shale 15 25 
 
 Coal 1 26 
 
 Shale 34 60 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 30 90 Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate 13 103 
 
 Coal 7 110 
 
 Shale 80 190 
 
 Sand 55 245 
 
 Shale 4 249 
 
 Sand 106 355 
 
 Shale (oil) 35 330 
 
186 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 11 — Janies Goodin farm — righting* Creek, east of No. 10. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 Lime 
 
 Slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Lime 
 
 White slate 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black shale 
 
 White slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate (salt water) 
 
 No. 12 — James Goodin, No. 2. 
 
 Creek sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Brown shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 Black shale 
 
 “Wages” sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 No. 13- 
 
 Clay 
 
 Shale 
 
 Lime 
 
 “Wages” sand . . . 
 
 Lime shale 
 
 TTones” sand (oil) 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (gas) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (salt water) 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 
 45 
 
 60 
 
 
 35 
 
 95 
 
 
 50 
 
 146 
 
 
 25 
 
 170 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 25 
 
 19? 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 20 
 
 215 
 
 
 62 
 
 277 
 
 
 38 
 
 315 
 
 
 35 
 
 350 
 
 
 60 
 
 410 
 
 
 6 
 
 416 
 
 
 16 
 
 432 
 
 
 6 
 
 438 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 
 8 
 
 23 
 
 
 19 
 
 42 
 
 
 30 
 
 72 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 18 
 
 90 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 65 
 
 155 
 
 
 15 
 
 170 
 
 
 20 
 
 190 
 
 
 10 
 
 200 
 
 
 '7 
 
 207 
 
 
 61 
 
 268 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 80 
 
 348 
 
 
 40 
 
 388 
 
 Stray Sand (?). 
 
 42 
 
 430 
 
 
 54 
 
 488 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 *eek, east of No. 12. 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 180 
 
 198 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 25 
 
 223 
 
 
 90 
 
 313 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 105 
 
 418 
 
 
 30 
 
 448 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 k, six 
 
 miles northeast of Barfcourville 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 30 
 
 50 
 
 
 60 
 
 110 
 
 
 20 
 
 130 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 70 
 
 200 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 90 
 
 290 
 
 
 40 
 
 330 
 
 
 80 
 
 410 
 
 
 15 
 
 425 
 
 
 398 
 
 823 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 187 
 
 No. 15— H. P. Martin, No. 2. 
 
 Quicksand 
 Lime .... 
 
 Shale .... 
 
 S’and .... 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand .... 
 
 Shale . . . 
 
 Sand .... 
 
 Shale .... 
 
 Sand .... 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 200 
 
 240 
 
 15 
 
 255 
 
 50 
 
 305 
 
 40 
 
 345 
 
 60 
 
 405 
 
 100 
 
 505 
 
 40 
 
 545 
 
 132 
 
 677 
 
 No. 16 — Decatur Jackson farm — Big* Richland Creek. 
 
 Clay 10 10 
 
 Soapstone and quicksand 22 32 
 
 Slate and soapstone 173 205 
 
 S’and (salt water) 11 216 
 
 Slate 14 230 
 
 S’and 10 240 
 
 Shale and sand shells 60 300 
 
 Slate 60 360 
 
 Sand 125 485 
 
 Slate 6 491 
 
 Sand (salt water) 54 545 
 
 Slate 25 570 
 
 Sand 30 600 
 
 No. 17 — John J. Disney farm — Big - Richland Creek. 
 
 Soil 15 15 
 
 Slate 40 55 
 
 Sand 10 65 
 
 Sand and shale 260 325 
 
 Shale 70 395 
 
 White sand 20 415 
 
 Gray and black sand 145 560 
 
 Light sand and pebbles 70 630 
 
 No. 18- — Decatur Jackson farm — Big Richland Creek. 
 
 Clay 10 10 
 
 Quicksand 23 33 
 
 Soapstone 27 60 
 
 Shale 140 200 
 
 Sand (gas) 10 210 
 
 Shale 15 225 
 
 Sand 20 245 
 
 Shale 20 265 
 
 Shale 35 300 
 
 Sand 22 322 
 
 Shale 38 360 
 
 White sand (salt water at 440) . . . 212 572 
 
 Black sand 22 594 
 
 White sand 89 683 
 
 Coal 2 685 
 
 Black sand 10 695 
 
 White sand 10 705 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Wages (?). 
 
 Jones (?). 
 
 Epperson (?). 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Wages (?). 
 
 Jones (?). 
 Epperson (?). 
 
188 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 19 — J. W. Disney farm — Big- Richland Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Sand 30 30 
 
 Shale 200 230 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand (water) 12 242 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 25 267 
 
 Sand (gas and oil) 30 297 Wages (?). 
 
 Shale 50 347 
 
 Sand 20 367 
 
 Shale 53 420 
 
 Sand 35 455 Jones (?). 
 
 Shale 30 485 
 
 Sand 130 615 Epperson (?). 
 
 Shale 30 645 
 
 Sand 10 655 
 
 20 — Henry Stacy farm — Big Richland 
 
 Creek. 
 
 
 
 Shale and sand shells 
 
 460 
 
 460 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 180 
 
 640 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Black slate 
 
 10 
 
 650 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand 
 
 74 
 
 724 
 
 
 No. 21 — Malinda Gray farm — Lynn Camp Creek, near Gray’s Station. 
 
 Gravel and dirt 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 70 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 
 
 48 
 
 118 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 157 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 25 
 
 182 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 S'and 
 
 40 
 
 240 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 
 
 128 
 
 368 
 
 
 Oil sand 
 
 
 434 
 
 Jones Sand ( ?). 
 
 No. 23 — Malinda Gray farm. 
 
 Gravel and sand * 20 20 
 
 Sand 60 80 
 
 Shale S2 162 
 
 Sand 53 215 
 
 Shale 51 266 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 41 307 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand 123 430 
 
 Sand 59 489 
 
 Shale 12 501 
 
 Sand 101 602 
 
 Coal and shale 11 613 
 
 Sand 59 672 
 
 Sand 36 70S 
 
 Salt sand 13 721 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 189 
 
 No. 24 — Ralph Mays farm — Little Richland Creek, one and one-half miles north 
 of Barbourville. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Sandy soil 35 35 
 
 Sand rock 10 45 All Coal Measures and 
 
 Black shale 155 200 Conglomerate. 
 
 Slate and shale 85 285 
 
 Sand (oil) 57 342 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 No. 25 — N. B. Jones farm — Little Richland, four miles north of Barbourville. 
 
 Clay 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 23 
 
 48 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 S'hale 
 
 100 
 
 148 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand 
 
 60 
 
 208 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 
 
 50 
 
 258 
 
 Sand 
 
 25 
 
 283 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 19 
 
 302 
 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 20 
 
 322 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 26 — N. B. Jones farm, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 70 
 
 85 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 90 
 
 175 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand . . 
 
 27 
 
 202 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 
 
 22 
 
 224 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 59 
 
 283 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 52 
 
 335 
 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 69 
 
 404 
 
 Jones (?). 
 
 27 — N. B. Jones, No. 3. 
 
 Clay 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 75 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 165 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 S’and 
 
 65 
 
 230 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 30 
 
 260 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 280 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 310 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 398 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 No. 28— N. B. Jones, No. 4. 
 
 Clay 25 25 
 
 Sand 40 65 Coal Measures and 
 
 Shale 100 165 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand 45 210 
 
 Shale 80 290 
 
 Sand 32 322 
 
 Shale 13 335 
 
 Sand 37 372 Jones Sand (?). 
 
190 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 29 — Joseph A. Miller farm, north of No. 28 — Little Richland Creek. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 Dirt 20 20 
 
 Shale 20 40 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 31 71 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 183 254 
 
 Sand (water) 18 272 
 
 Shale 36 308 
 
 “Jones” sand . 32 340 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 No. 30 — Joseph A. Miller, No. 2. 
 
 Dirt 26 26 
 
 Shale BO 46 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand rock 24 70 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 200 270 
 
 “Wages” sand 12 2S2 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 19 301 
 
 Gray sand rock 7 308 Top of Jones S’and (?). 
 
 No. 31— Joseph A. Miller, No. 3. 
 
 Dirt 25 25 
 
 Shale 21 46 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand rock 23 69 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 204 273 
 
 Sand (water) 15 288 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 20 308 
 
 “Jones” sand 32 340 Jones Sand ( ?). 
 
 No. 32— Joseph A. Miller. No. 4. 
 
 Dirt and gravel 27 27 
 
 Shale 15 42 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 20 62 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 180 242 
 
 “Wages” sand 41 2S3 Wages Sand ( ?). 
 
 Shale 28 311 
 
 “Jones” sand 64 375 Jones Sand ( ?). 
 
 No. 33 — Joseph A. Miller, No. 6. 
 
 Clay 28 28 
 
 Sand 42' 70 Coal Measures and 
 
 Shale 85 155 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand 30 185 
 
 Shale 95 2^0 
 
 Sand IS 298 Wages Sand ( ?). 
 
 Shale 32 330 
 
 Sand 72 402 Jones Sand ( ?). 
 
 No. 34 — J. W. Mills farm — Little Richland Creek, north of No. 33. 
 
 Soil and shale 170 170 Coal Measures and 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 “Wages” sand 25 195 Wages (?). 
 
 Shale 110 305 
 
 “Jones” sand 45 359 Jones (?). 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 191 
 
 No. 35 — J. W. Mills, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 
 
 S'and 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand ; 
 
 No. 36 — J. W. Mills, No. 3. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 No. 37 — J. W. Mills, No. 4. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 S'hale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 No. 39 — Thomas Gibson, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Black shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (gas and oil) 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 
 112 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 
 162 
 
 
 40 
 
 202 
 
 Wages Sand ( ?). 
 
 70 
 
 272 
 
 
 22 
 
 294 
 
 Stray Sand (?). 
 
 3 
 
 297 
 
 
 13 
 
 310 
 
 Jones Sand ( ?). 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 40 
 
 68 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 100 
 
 168 
 
 
 45 
 
 213 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 80 
 
 293 
 
 
 27 
 
 320 
 
 
 19 
 
 339 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 35 
 
 62 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 60 
 
 122 
 
 
 70 
 
 192' 
 
 Wages Sand ( ?). 
 
 70 
 
 262 
 
 
 30 
 
 292 
 
 Stray Sand ( ?). 
 
 33 
 
 325 
 
 
 121 
 
 446 
 
 Jones Sand ( ?). 
 
 of No. 37- 
 
 -Little Richland Creek. 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 12 
 
 45 
 
 
 50 
 
 95 
 
 
 45 
 
 140 
 
 
 30 
 
 170 
 
 Wages Sand (V). 
 
 110 
 
 280 
 
 
 20 
 
 300 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 12 
 
 45 
 
 
 50 
 
 95 
 
 
 45 
 
 140 
 
 
 30 
 
 170 
 
 Wages S'and (?). 
 
 110 
 
 280 
 
 
 83 
 
 363 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
192 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 40 — Thomas Gibson, No. 3. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Earth 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand rock 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 
 
 140 
 
 160 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 190 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 280 
 
 
 “Jones” sand 
 
 
 348 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 41 — Thomas Gibson, No. 4. 
 
 
 
 
 Soil 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 . 30 
 
 55 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sand 
 
 5 
 
 60 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Shale 
 
 180 
 
 240 
 
 
 Black sand 
 
 5 
 
 246 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 35 
 
 280 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 
 
 28 
 
 308 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 42 — Thomas Gibson, No. 5. 
 
 Surface sand 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 
 White slate 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 White sand 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 60 
 
 160 
 
 
 “Wages” sand, broken 
 
 40 
 
 200 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 85 
 
 285 
 
 
 Stray salt sand 
 
 15 
 
 300 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 Black slate 
 
 15 
 
 315 
 
 
 Black slate 
 
 5 
 
 320 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) ’. 
 
 '86 
 
 406 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 No. 43 — Mary r. Hug-lies farm, one-quarter mile north of No. 42 — Little 
 land Creek. 
 
 Soil and sand....’ 18 18 
 
 Shale and slate 264 282 
 
 White sand 60 342 
 
 Oil sand ’ 50 392 
 
 Black slate 46 438 
 
 White sand 132 570 
 
 Oil sand 30 600 
 
 Black slate 3 603 
 
 White sand 8 611 
 
 Black slate 40 651 
 
 White sand 85 736 
 
 Black slate 7 743 
 
 Blue lime and sand 4 747 
 
 White sand 62 809 
 
 Black slate 5 814 
 
 Blue or black slate 65 879 
 
 Lime and sand 182 1,061 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 198 
 
 No. 43 — Mary r. Hughes, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 (little oil) 
 
 and north of No. 43. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 'Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 No. 45 — Si. Jones, No. 3. 
 
 Earth 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 ness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 168 
 
 190 
 
 
 100 
 
 290 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 60 
 
 350 
 
 
 165 
 
 515 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 L Creek, six 
 
 miles from Barbourville 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 190 
 
 220 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 10 
 
 230 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 150 
 
 380 
 
 
 80 
 
 4.60 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 40 
 
 500 
 
 
 120 
 
 620 
 
 
 22 
 
 10 
 
 342 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 32 
 
 374 
 
 379 
 
 381 
 
 393 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 No. 46 — Si. Jones, No. 4. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Sand (oil show) 
 
 Coal 
 
 Shale 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 69 
 
 86 
 
 
 9 
 
 95 
 
 
 18 
 
 113 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 1 
 
 114 
 
 
 121 
 
 235 
 
 
 25 
 
 260 
 
 
 207 
 
 467 
 
 Jones Sand (?}. 
 
 86 
 
 553 
 
 
 55 2 
 
 60S 2 
 
 Epperson Sand (?). 
 
 No. 47— Si. Jones, No. 6. 
 
 Earth and sand rock 
 
 
 10 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 Sbnlp 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 50 
 
 Shale 
 
 30 
 
 80 
 
 
 Sand (gas) 
 
 
 88 
 
 Wages No. 1. 
 
 Black shale 
 
 172 
 
 260 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 10 
 
 270 
 
 Wages No. 2. 
 
 Shale 
 
 167 
 
 437 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 
 457 2 
 
 Jones. 
 
194 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 48 — Si. Jones, No. 7. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 No. 49 — Si. Jones, No. 8. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand rock 
 
 Black slate 
 
 S’and (thick oil) 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Black slate 
 
 No. 50 — Si. Jones, No. 9. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 No. 51 — Si. Jones, No. 10. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Hard shale 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand, “Jones” (some oil) . 
 
 Brown sand 
 
 White sand, “Jones” (some oil) . 
 Slate 
 
 No. 52— Si. Jones, No. 11. 
 
 Clay and quicksand 
 
 Slate 
 
 S’and 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil and gas) 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 10 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 18 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 103 
 
 
 113 
 
 
 383 
 
 
 420 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 10 
 
 
 30 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 160 
 
 170 
 
 250 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 260 
 
 440 
 
 455 
 
 471 3 
 
 
 18 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 448 
 
 469 
 
 482 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 4 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 30 
 80 
 92 
 165 
 185 
 225 
 300 
 4190 
 495 ■) 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 | 
 
 497 
 500 J 
 551 2 
 
 k Jones Sand. 
 
 35 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 
 150 
 
 170 
 
 225 
 
 235 
 
 246 
 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 254 
 
 325 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 333 
 
 402 
 
 Stray Sand (?). 
 
 435 
 
 Jones fc’and (?). 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 85 
 
 10 
 
 270 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 180 
 
 15 
 
 16 2 
 
 18 
 
 430 
 
 21 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 73 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 . 75 
 
 190 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 51 2 
 
 35 
 
 115 
 
 20 
 
 55 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 71 
 
 8 
 
 69 
 
 33 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 195 
 
 No. 53 — Si. Jones, No. 12. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 Sand (some oil) . . . . . 
 
 Slate 
 
 S'and and oil 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 •S’and 
 
 Sand and oil 
 
 Slate 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 132 
 
 158 
 
 17 
 
 175 
 
 61 
 
 236 
 
 12 
 
 24S 
 
 90 
 
 338 
 
 12 
 
 350 
 
 75 
 
 425 
 
 70 
 
 495 
 
 5 
 
 500 
 
 15 
 
 515 
 
 35 
 
 550 
 
 25 
 
 575 
 
 50 
 
 625 
 
 15 
 
 640 
 
 9 
 
 649 
 
 1 
 
 650 
 
 No. 54 — John Wages farm, southeast of No. 53, on little 
 John Wages, No. 2. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Shales 
 
 Sand (black oil) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 S’and (oil) 
 
 9 9 
 
 30 39 
 
 15 54 
 
 50 104 
 
 20 124 
 
 20 144 
 
 18 162 
 
 No. 55 — John Wages, No. 3. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Shales 
 
 Sand (black oil) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shales 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 9 9 
 
 30 39 
 
 15 54 
 
 50 104 
 
 20 124 
 
 20 144 
 
 18 162 
 
 No. 56 — John Wages, No. 4. 
 
 Clay 
 
 Shales 
 
 S’and (black oil) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shales 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 9 9 
 
 30 39 
 
 15 54 
 
 50 104 
 
 20 124 
 
 20 144 
 
 18 162 
 
 No. 57 — John Wages, No. 5. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Soapstone 
 Shale . . . 
 Sand 
 
 10 10 
 
 25 35 
 
 120 155 
 
 5 160 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate. 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Stray Sand (?). 
 
 j- Jones Sand. 
 
 j- Epperson Sand (?). 
 
 Richland Creek. 
 
 Wages No. 1. 
 
 Wages No. 2. 
 
 Wages No. 1. 
 
 Wages No. 2. 
 
 Wages No. 1. 
 
 Wages No. 2. 
 
 Wages No. 2. 
 
196 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 58— John Wages, No. 6. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 15 
 
 Slate 
 
 120 
 
 135 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 
 150 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Wages No. 2. 
 
 No. 59 — John Wages, No. 7. 
 
 Clay and quicksand 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 143 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 163 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 260 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 278 
 
 S’tray Sand. 
 
 Shale 
 
 27 
 
 305 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 398 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 402 
 
 
 No. 60 — John Wages, No. 8. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Sand 
 
 Light shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 Light shale 
 
 “Wages” sand (oil at 182) 
 
 ‘Wages” sand 
 
 Shale \ . . . . 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand ’ 
 
 Shale 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil at 322) . 
 “Jones” sand (oil at 336) . . 
 “Jones” sand 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 51 
 
 61 
 
 9 
 
 70 
 
 60 
 
 130 
 
 41 
 
 171 
 
 29 
 
 200 ) 
 
 36 
 
 236 f Wages Sand. 
 
 4 
 
 240 
 
 6 
 
 246 
 
 11 
 
 257 Stray S'and. 
 
 63 
 
 320 
 
 20 
 
 340 ] 
 
 18 
 
 358 Jones Sand. 
 
 12 
 
 370 J 
 
 No. 61 — John Wages, No. 9= 
 
 Dirt and gravel 
 
 S'and 
 
 Shale 
 
 “Wages” sand (show of oil) 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 Dark shale 
 
 Light shale 
 
 “Jones” sand (show of oil) . 
 
 “Jones” sand 
 
 Shale at bottom. 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 49 
 
 58 
 
 112 
 
 170 
 
 28 
 
 • 198 
 
 3 
 
 .201 
 
 4<1 
 
 242 
 
 66 
 
 308 
 
 42 
 
 350 
 
 50 
 
 400 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 197 
 
 . 62 — J. X. Payne farm, 
 
 east of John Wages 
 
 farm — 
 
 -Iiittle Richland Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 30 
 
 130 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 180 
 
 
 Sand, “Wages” 
 
 55 
 
 235 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 S’hale 
 
 
 •280 
 
 
 Black sand (salt water) 
 
 20 
 
 300 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 Shale 
 
 18 
 
 318 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 323 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 333 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 
 
 4 
 
 337 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 No. 63- 
 
 X. Payne, No. 2. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand (salt water) 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand (salt water) . 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand (salt water) . 
 Shale (some oil) . . 
 Sand and shale . . . 
 Jones sand (oil) . . 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 132 
 
 150 
 
 30 
 
 180 
 
 75 
 
 255 
 
 15 
 
 270 
 
 . 10 
 
 280 
 
 5 
 
 285 
 
 12 
 
 297 
 
 30 
 
 327 
 
 13 
 
 340 
 
 2 
 
 342 
 
 5 
 
 347 
 
 8 
 
 355 i 
 
 15 
 
 370 r 
 
 11 
 
 381 J 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 Jones Sand (broken). 
 
 NTo. 64 — J. X. Payne, No. 3. 
 
 Gravel 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shale or black sand. . . . 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shale 
 
 White sand (oil at 372) 
 
 Sand 
 
 5 5 
 
 30 35 
 
 15 50 
 
 10 60 
 
 25 85 
 
 35 120 
 
 40 160 
 
 30 190 
 
 100 290 
 
 22 312 
 
 33 345 
 
 30 375 
 
 12 387 
 
 Jones Sand, 
 
198 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 65— J. K= Payne, No. 4. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Dirt and gravel 4 4 
 
 Broken sand 11 15 
 
 Light slate 5 20 
 
 Gray sand 5 25 
 
 Bastard shale 25 50 
 
 Light shale 50 100 
 
 Dark gray sand or bastard lime.. 40 140 
 
 Black sand 10 150 
 
 Bastard shale 60 210 
 
 Gray sand 65 275 
 
 Light shale 3 27 S 
 
 Shale and sand 42 320 
 
 Dark shale 50 370 
 
 Dark shale 30 400 
 
 Gray sand 15 415 
 
 Dark sand 2 417 
 
 No. 66 — Thomas C. Bames farm, east of Wages farm — Little Richland Creek. 
 Thos. C. Barnes, No. 2. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay and quicksand 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 STiale and shells 
 
 183 
 
 195 
 
 
 Sand (oil and water) 
 
 
 222 
 
 W'ages Sand. 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 280 
 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 8 
 
 288 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 Shale 
 
 47 
 
 335 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 
 
 25 
 
 360 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 Bottom at 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 No. 67 — Thos. C. Barnes, No. 3. 
 
 Soil and quicksand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 No. 68 — Thos. C. Barnes, No. 4. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shale 
 
 “Jones” sand 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil and salt water) 
 
 16 16 
 
 29 45 
 
 15 60 
 
 210 270 
 
 20 290 
 
 128 418 
 
 53 471 
 
 18 18 
 
 27 45 
 
 20 65 
 
 50 115 
 
 20 135 
 
 85 220 
 
 8 228 
 
 8 236 
 
 25 261 
 
 117 378 
 
 11 389 
 
 27 416 
 
 Wages (?). 
 Jones (?). 
 
 Wages S’and (?). 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 199 
 
 No. 69 — Thcs. C. Barnes, No. 5. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. Geological Formation. 
 
 Soil 20 20 
 
 Soapstone 50 70 
 
 Black slate 40 110 
 
 White sand 20 130 
 
 Soapstone 50 180 
 
 Black sand 10 190 
 
 Black slate 140 330 
 
 Stray sand 10 340 
 
 Soapstone 35 375 
 
 “Jones” sand 30 405 Jones Sand. 
 
 No. 70 — Thos. C. Barnes, No. 6. 
 
 Clay and quicksand 20 2 0 
 
 Shale . 20 40 
 
 Sand 15 55 
 
 Slate and shale. 105 160 
 
 Slate and shale. 19 179 
 
 Sand 15 194 
 
 Slate 66 260 
 
 Sand 12 272 
 
 Slate 73 345 
 
 Hard shale 5 350 
 
 Slate t 48 398 
 
 “Jones” sand 28 4'26 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 10 436 
 
 Salt water sand 2 438 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 } 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 No. 71 — Thos. C. Barnes, No. 7. 
 
 Clay 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 
 Slate and shale 
 
 184 
 
 200 
 
 
 Sandy shales 
 
 17 
 
 217 
 
 Wages (?), 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 Stray sand (oil) 
 
 10 
 
 310 
 
 Stray. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 355 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 
 
 18 
 
 373 
 
 Jones. 
 
 No. 72 — Thos. C. Barnes, No. 8. 
 
 Clay 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 30 
 
 50 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 131 
 
 181 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 15 
 
 196 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 44 
 
 240 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 20 
 
 260 
 
 Wages Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 35 
 
 295 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 15 
 
 310 
 
 Stray Sand. 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 384 
 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 
 453 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
200 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 No. 73 — Ellen Jones farm, east of No. 72 — Little Bichla nd Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay and quicksand 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 143 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 10 
 
 153 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 395 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 
 
 15 
 
 410 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 No. 74 — Ellen Jones, No. 2. 
 
 Quicksand 26 26 
 
 Slate 54 80 
 
 Sand 10 90 
 
 STiale 38 128 
 
 Slate 32 160 
 
 Sand 15 175 
 
 Shale 15 190 
 
 Sand 15 205 
 
 Shale and slate 35 240 
 
 Hard shale 37 277 
 
 Slate 103 380 
 
 “Jones" sand (oil and gas) 15 395 
 
 Sand 49 444 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 
 No. 75 — Jones-Jarvis farm, part of Ellen Jones farm. 
 
 Quicksand 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 20 
 
 38 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 67 
 
 105 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 111 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 87 
 
 198 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 28 
 
 226 
 
 Wages Sand (?) 
 
 Shale 
 
 142 
 
 368 
 
 
 “Jones” sand (oil) 
 
 
 404 
 
 Jones Sand. 
 
 76 — Jones- Jarvis, 
 
 Clay 
 
 NO. 2. 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 
 Slate and shale. . 
 
 
 45 
 
 80 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 15 
 
 95 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 45 
 
 140 
 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 113 
 
 253 
 
 
 Sandy shale . . . . 
 
 
 17 
 
 270 
 
 Wages Sand (?) 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 90 
 
 360 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 45 
 
 405 
 
 
 Coarse sand, “Jones” (oil show) . . 
 
 15 
 
 420 j 
 
 j- Jones Sand. 
 
 Hard, white sand 
 
 (salt water) .... 
 
 24 
 
 444 1 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 1 
 
 445 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 201 
 
 No. 77 — Henry Jackson farm—Iiong Branch of Richland Creek. 
 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 Clay and gravel . 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 24 
 
 37 
 
 
 Shal^ . * - - t 
 
 48 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 135 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 150 
 
 Wages Sand (?). 
 
 
 
 245 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 275 
 
 Stray Sand (?). 
 
 Shale 
 
 15 
 
 290 
 
 
 
 
 391 
 
 Jones S'and (?). 
 
 No. 78 — Henry Jackson, No. 2. 
 
 Clay . 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 Sand 
 
 35 
 
 65 
 
 Phnlp 
 
 70 
 
 135 
 
 
 
 112 
 
 24'7 
 
 Scincl •••oooo.**o«*o«o 
 
 28 
 
 275 
 
 Shale 
 
 24 
 
 299 
 
 .Sand 
 
 99 
 
 398 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 No. 79 — George Jones farm — Caleb’s Branch of Richland Creek. 
 
 Clay 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 50 
 
 350 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 85 
 
 435 
 
 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 
 92 
 
 527 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 80 — George Jones, 
 
 Shale and clay. . . . 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 160 
 
 160 
 
 • 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 
 175 
 
 
 Shale 
 
 
 180 
 
 355 
 
 
 Sand 
 
 
 
 385 
 
 Wages Sand (?), 
 
 Slate 
 
 
 115 
 
 500 
 
 
 Sand (oil show at 
 
 525) 
 
 
 600 
 
 Jones Sand (?). 
 
 In these records of Knox county wells, the dividing line be- 
 tween the Coal Measures* and the Conglomerate can not be defi- 
 nitely drawn at present, but the wells; are mostly in Conglom- 
 erate measures with some Coal Measure rocks at the top. The 
 rocks in the Conglomerate are so extremely changeable here, 
 that it is impossible to follow any sand with certainty from 
 one locality to another, or even sometimes to carry a sand from 
 one well to another on the same farm, therefore the limits as- 
 cribed in the above records to the two principal sands (Wages 
 and Jones) are to be taken, in many of the records, as sug- 
 gestive only. It is very doubtful, in fact, if these two sands are 
 
202 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 in any measure continuous at all, and it is possible that oil 
 may be struck in pools (generally small, because the sands 
 themselves are not continuous over large areas) in any sand 
 in the Conglomerate series, and that the presence or absence 
 of an oil-bearing sand in any locality can only be told by drill- 
 ing entirely through the Conglomerate series. It is evident 
 from the records given, that only a very few wells have been 
 drilled much more than half way through this formation, and 
 it is also evident that some of them have stopped just short 
 of where the horizon of the Jones sand should be, after going 
 to a depth corresponding to the depth of the Jones sand in 
 some nearby well. 
 
 WHITLEY COUNTY WELLS. 
 
 No. 1 — Well at Halsey. 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 Drift 5 5 
 
 Sand 10 15 
 
 Dark clay shale 16 31 
 
 Light clay shale 16 47 
 
 Light and dark shale 25 72 
 
 Light sand 2 74 
 
 STialy sand 12 2 86 2 
 
 Fine, massive sand 15 2 102 
 
 Sand and shale streaks 5 107 
 
 Dark shale 5 112 
 
 Dark, fine sand % 
 
 Dark shale 8% 121 
 
 Shale 1 122 
 
 Dark shale and shaly sand 12% . 184% 
 
 Bastard lime % 135 
 
 Dark shale % 
 
 Bastard lime % 136 
 
 Dark shale 8 144 
 
 Dark and light shale 5 2 149 2 
 
 Soft, fine sand 1 150 2 
 
 Light sandy shale and sandstone 16 2 167 
 
 Dark clay shale 3 170 
 
 Coal y e 
 
 Fire-clay or clay shale % 
 
 Soft coal % 
 
 Dark clay shale * % 172 
 
 Light clay shale 10 182 
 
 Dark clay shale 12% 194% 
 
 Coal 1 195% 
 
 Fire-clay 2% 198 
 
 Light clay and shale 8 206 
 
 Shaly sandstone 5 211 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate Series. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY. 
 
 203 
 
 Halsey well — Continued. 
 
 Coal 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 Shaly sandstone 
 
 Sandy shale 
 
 Dark cannel shale 
 
 Fine light sand 
 
 Sand 
 
 Shaly sandstone 
 
 Sand and shaly sandstone 
 
 Shaly sandstone 
 
 Shale 
 
 Shaly sandstone 
 
 Sandstone and shaly sandstone. . 
 
 Sand 
 
 Sand and shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Coal 
 
 Shale 
 
 Dark, fine sand 
 
 Dark sandy shale 
 
 Sandy shale 
 
 Sand 
 
 Clay slate 
 
 Coal and slate 
 
 Fire-clay 
 
 Slate 
 
 Slate and coal 
 
 Fire clay 
 
 Slate 
 
 Dark sandy slate 
 
 Thickness. Depth. 
 
 5 /l2 
 
 % 
 
 37 % 
 
 250 
 
 10 
 
 260 
 
 10 
 
 270 
 
 4 
 
 274 
 
 30 
 
 304 
 
 8 
 
 312 
 
 24 
 
 336 
 
 3 
 
 339 
 
 7 
 
 346 
 
 15 
 
 361 
 
 8 
 
 369 
 
 23 
 
 392' 
 
 15 
 
 407 
 
 5 
 
 412 
 
 1 
 
 413 
 
 1 
 
 414 
 
 11 
 
 425 
 
 16 
 
 441 
 
 3 
 
 444 
 
 23 
 
 467 
 
 18 
 
 485 
 
 1 
 
 486 
 
 1 
 
 487 
 
 8 
 
 495 
 
 1 
 
 496 
 
 1 
 
 497 
 
 5 
 
 502 
 
 3 
 
 505 
 
 Geological Formation. 
 
 All Coal Measures and 
 Conglomerate Series. 
 
 No. 2 — Williamsburg. 
 
 Soil 
 
 Sand and slate 
 
 Shale and shells 
 
 Black slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 Sand 
 
 Slate 
 
 White sand 
 
 Sand (gas) 
 
 Black shale and slate 
 Sand (oil) 
 
 Thickness. 
 
 5 
 
 140 
 
 110 
 
 147 
 
 185 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 62 
 
 19 
 
 172 
 
 Depth. 
 
 5 
 
 145 
 
 255 
 
 402 
 
 587 
 
 602 
 
 617 
 
 697 
 
 722 
 
 784 
 
 803 
 
 975 
 
 Nearly all Conglomerate. The sands correspond approximately to those 
 of Knox county. 
 
204 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 CHAPTER VII, 
 
 PRODUCTION OF OIL AND GAS IN 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 The following figures, giving the annual production and 
 market value of oil and gas in Kentucky, are taken from the 
 reports by F. H. Oliphant, in “Mineral Resources of the United 
 States,” issued by the United States Geological Survey. 
 
 Oil. 
 
 Total production previous to 1883, 160,933 barrels. 
 
 Production from 1883 to 1901 : 
 
 Year. 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 
 Barrels. 
 4,14'8 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 
 4,726 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 
 5,096 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 
 5,400 
 
 6,000 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 
 6,500 
 
 3,000 
 
 1894 
 
 
 1,500 
 
 1895 
 
 1896 
 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,680 
 
 1897 
 
 
 322 
 
 1898 
 
 
 5,568 
 
 1839 
 
 
 18,280 
 
 1900 
 
 
 62,259 
 
 Total, 1883 to 1901 
 
 
 
 Production from 1901 to 1904 : 
 
 Average price 
 
 Year. Barrels. Value. per barrel. 
 
 1901 137,259 $111,527.00 .813 
 
 1902 185,331 141,044.00 .76 
 
 1903 554,286 486,083.00 .877 
 
 Total reported production up to 1904 1,026,565 barrels. 
 
 The production for 1904 is not given, but it was about twice that for 1903, 
 and nearly equal to the total production of the State previous to 1904. 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 205 
 
 In all tliese figures, a small production from Tennessee is 
 included. 
 
 Gas. 
 
 Value of the production from 1889 to 1904 : 
 
 Year. 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 1895 
 
 1896 
 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 
 1899 
 
 1900 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 
 Value. 
 $ 2,580 
 
 30.000 
 38,993 
 43,175 
 68,500 
 89,200 
 98,700 
 
 99.000 
 
 90.000 
 103,133 
 125,745 
 286,243 
 270,871 
 365,611 
 390,601 
 
 In the value for the years 1902 and 1903 a small production 
 for Tennessee is included. 
 
 Value for 1904 not given. 
 
206 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND GAS. 
 
 Oil. 
 
 Previous to. the completion of the pipe-lines, but little oil 
 was marketed from the State, production and prospecting be- 
 ing both held back by the lack of transportation. Some oil 
 was shipped by rail from such fields as were close to railroads, 
 as, for instance, the Barren county field. The Sunnybrook 
 field in Wayne county was connected by a two-inch line to the 
 railroad at Somerset, and the Whitehouse field, in Floyd 
 county, by a two-inch line to the Big Sandy river, but, out- 
 side of these three fields, but little oil was shipped. Plate 
 No. 9 shows an attempt to market the Wayne county oil by 
 transporting it in a line of barges down the Cumberland river 
 to Nashville. The Cumberland Pipe Line Co. has now com- 
 pleted a system of pipe lines and storage tanks*, which gives 
 good service and handles the oil from all of the principal fields 
 at present being operated, with the exception of the Barren 
 county fields, which still ship their product by rail ; the Irvine 
 and Campton fields being only lately connected with the sys- 
 tem. 
 
 Starting over the line in Tennessee, the pipe line runs through 
 Wayne and Pulaski counties to the receiving tanks at Somerset, 
 where tankage for some 200,000 barrels is provided. The line 
 which starts at Cloyd’s Landing, in Cumberland county, and 
 takes the oil from that section, comes into the first line at a 
 point west of Monticello, Wayne county. From the Somerset 
 station, a four-ipch line goes to the next receiving station, at 
 Manchester, where a branch line from Barbourville, Knox 
 county, comes in. The line then goes to the third receiving 
 station at a point on the Licking river, just above Salyers- 
 ville, Magoffin county, from which point a six-inch main takes 
 the oil to the refineries of the Standard Oil Co. beyond Park- 
 ersburg, W. Va. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' Of THE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 
 
 207 
 
 A two-inch line starts at Irvine, Estill county, taking the 
 oil from that field as far as <0ampton, Wolfe county, at which 
 place it is increased to a four-inch line, and, taking the oil 
 from there, joins the main line at a point in Morgan county, 
 south of West Liberty. The two-incli line from the Whitehouse 
 field to the Big Sandy river, has been taken up and now runs 
 from the Whitehouse, or Flovd county field, to the main line 
 at the Salyersville station. The oil from the Ragland field, 
 in Bath county, was, for a time, taken by a branch line to 
 the receiving station at Salyersville, but a part of the branch 
 line has been taken up and the Ragland oil is now taken by 
 a short pipe-line to the C. & O. Railroad at Salt Lick, Bath 
 county, from which point it is shipped by rail. Plate No. 
 10 shows a train of tank cars at Salt Lick, loaded with Ragland 
 oil. 
 
 As will be seen from the accompanying map (No. 1), this 
 system, shown on the map by the green lines, not only provides 
 transportation for oil from the fields now being operated, but 
 is also available for possible future fields in a large area of 
 contiguous territory, much of which has never been prospected. 
 The system will doubtless be extended in the future as neces- 
 sity may require. 
 
 Gas. 
 
 Only two of the known gas fields of the State are, as yet, con- 
 nected with the market by pipe-lines, but there is, at least, a 
 prospect of more lines being laid in the future. 
 
 A line was laid some years ago from the gas fields in Meade 
 county to Louisville, and is still in use, while, more recently, 
 the fields in Martin county were tapped by a line which runs 
 down the Big Sandy river and supplies the towns of Louisa, 
 Oatlettsburg and Ashland, in Kentucky, Ironton in Ohio and 
 Huntington in West Virginia. Both of these lines are shown 
 (in red lines) on map No. 1. 
 
208 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 Accompanying this bulletin are three maps of Kentucky. 
 No. 1 shows the locations of producing oil fields and the pipe- 
 lines for oil, in green; the locations of producing gas fields 
 and the pipe-lines for gas, in red, and the outcrop lines of the 
 Eastern and Western Coal-fields, showing their relation to the 
 producing oil and gas fields. Map No. 2 shows the approximate 
 outcrop of the Berea Grit and the area in Eastern and North- 
 eastern Kentucky underlaid by it, as far as now known; also, 
 the area in Southeastern Kentucky known to be underlaid by 
 the Big Injun. As will be seen on the map, these two areas 
 overlap in the extreme eastern part of the State. The direction 
 of possible extensions of each of these areas is indicated by the 
 broken lines of the corresponding conventions on the map. 
 Map No. 2 also shows the approximate outlines of the area in 
 Central Kentucky, where the Trenton rocks are at the surface, 
 and from which they dip away to the east and west. Map No.. 3 
 shows the outcrop lines of the Corniferous Limestone and, 
 by the shaded part, the area under which it exists, as nearly 
 as can be shown at present. The narrow belt occupied by the 
 Corniferous in the southern part of Central Kentucky is shown, 
 and its possible extensions under drainage, indicated by the 
 broken lines. 
 
 The areas shown on Map No. 1, as producing, seem very 
 small as compared with the remainder of the State. It should 
 be borne in mind that only the locations of actual production 
 are shown, with no attempt at outlining areas which may, or 
 probably will, be productive. The same map will show, by 
 contrast, the large areas which either have not been prospected 
 at all, or else, which have been prospected to. some extent, but 
 not in a systematic or intelligent way. In this connection, it 
 may be well to cite the area of the producing fields of Texas 
 and Louisiana, which have produced enormous quantities of 
 oil in the last few years. The returns for 1904, for the oil 
 belt extending from Jennings, Louisiana, to Beaumont, Texas — 
 a distance of about 125 miles — give a production of 26,053,044 
 barrels, while the total area of actual production in this belt 
 is only about TOO acres. 
 
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No. 2 
 
 CINCINNATI 
 
 Kentucky Geological Survey 
 
 CHARLES J. NORWOOD, Director. 
 
 Map of Kentucky. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. B. HOEING, C. E. 
 
 Scale, 30 miles=l inch. 
 
 AREA UNDERLAID BY BIG INJUN. 
 H AREA UNDERLAID BY BEREA GRIT. 
 
 giigjgsp 
 
 AREA WHERE TRENTON IS AT THE SURFACE. 
 
 Burlington n 
 BOONEi J £*■ 
 
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KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 209 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Elevations Above Sea of Points in Kentucky. 
 
 Compiled from the various railroad and river surveys and 
 the records of the Kentucky Geological Survey and United 
 States Geological Survey. 
 
 Points marked with an * have been determined by barometric 
 observation. 
 
 PLACE. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 Adairville 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 589 
 
 626 
 
 366 
 
 554 
 
 425 
 722 
 700 
 650 
 482 
 363 
 734 
 390 
 537 
 
 1,006 
 746 
 605 
 444 
 918 
 733 
 i 973 
 
 1 430 
 
 899 
 460 
 
 426 
 | 412 
 
 345 
 
 829 
 
 960 
 
 637 
 
 417 
 
 330 
 
 420 
 
 397 
 
 443 
 
 761 
 
 618 
 
 386 
 
 408 
 397 
 875 
 431 
 
 409 
 417 
 948 
 382 
 355 
 640 
 732 
 400 
 682' 
 4*8 
 521 
 526 
 548 
 
 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 Alexander 
 
 Fulton 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 Todd 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 E. & G. R. R 
 
 
 Todd 
 
 
 Crittenden 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 B. M., near I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 
 Powell 
 
 £ ptihybiirg 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 
 Ashland 
 
 Boyd 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 ^ t Vi s 
 
 Fayette 
 
 
 Athol 
 
 Breathitt 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 A nhll rr» 
 
 Logan 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River. . 
 
 Au^ustR 
 
 Bracken 
 
 Austerlitz 
 
 A.vpnst^kp r . _ . t 
 
 Bourbon 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Anderson 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 
 Clark 
 
 ♦ Rnekncbiirp' . . 
 
 Calloway 
 
 
 Pq p*rl q a 
 
 Shelby 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 "Raker’cs 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 I C. R. R 
 
 Ppkpr^nnrt 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 I. C. R R | 
 
 ♦ "R n 1 f i rY\ nre 
 
 Hickman ....... 
 
 
 LI II1UI 
 
 ♦ Rq nHonfl 
 
 Ballard 
 
 
 "Rcanlr Tiiok - . . . 
 
 Kenton 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Barbourville .... 
 
 Rq cf nwn 
 
 Knox 
 
 L. & N. R R 
 
 Nelson 
 
 L. & N. R R 1 
 
 Bardstown June. 
 
 Rq rrl rirpl 1 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 ♦ T3 Q v] A TTT 
 
 Ballard 
 
 
 Baskett 
 
 Henderson 
 
 TiOgan 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R | 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 "R q ii o*b 
 
 ndugii 
 
 Raq r»rl ’ q 
 
 Oldham 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Beattyville 
 
 lj aq tt Ar* TV q ryi 
 
 Lee 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River.... 
 I. C. R. R.... 
 
 Ohio . 
 
 JDcaVcI L'dlll . • • • • 
 
 Beech Grove.... 
 
 IYTaT ,aa n 
 
 | 
 
 ■\/Ypbstpr 
 
 
 Belcourt 
 
 Bpll pvn p 
 
 Henry 
 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Belmont 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 "D a1 + AVI 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 .JDtJILCJIl 
 
 ^Benton 
 
 IVf a T*«!Via 1 1 
 
 
 
 Madison 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 Berk City. ...... 
 
 Daviess 
 
 | 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 M. & O. R. R I 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 Perry 
 
 Harrison • 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 "D a + V>1 oVl D ry> 
 
 Harbin 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 JDclIlicIlcIIl 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 TD? 0* U* I ■? -P 4* -tr 
 
 Oravsnn 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Jt>ig c iiiLy 
 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 
 Boyd 
 
 L W at mouth 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Big Blaine. 
 L. W. at Louisa 
 
 XjRwrGh co 
 
 lyfari'i 1 ' 1 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Rockcastle. 
 
 
210 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 PLACE 
 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 Big Sandy River. 
 
 Big Spring 
 
 “Birmingham 
 
 Blackford 
 
 Blanchet 
 
 *Blandville 
 
 Bloomfield 
 
 Bluff City 
 
 Boaz 
 
 Bond’s 
 
 Boonesboro 
 
 Boone’s Gap 
 
 Booneville 
 
 Booth’s 
 
 Boston 
 
 Bowling Green.. 
 
 *Boydsville 
 
 Bracht 
 
 Bradshaw 
 
 Brandenburg 
 Brandenburg Sta. 
 
 Brannon 
 
 Braxton 
 
 Breaks of Sandy. 
 
 Bristow 
 
 Broadhead 
 
 Bronson 
 
 Brooks 
 
 Brownsboro 
 
 Brumfield 
 
 Brummit 
 
 Buckner 
 
 ♦Buena Vista 
 
 *Burdett’s Knob. . 
 
 Burgin 
 
 *Burkesville 
 
 Burnside 
 
 Burnside 
 
 Butler 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 Calvary 
 
 Calvert 
 
 Campbellsburg . . 
 
 Cane Spring 
 
 Caneyville 
 
 ♦Carpenter’s Sta.. 
 
 Carrollton 
 
 Carrollton 
 
 Catlettsburg 
 Catlettsburg .... 
 
 Cave City 
 
 Cave Spring 
 
 Cayce 
 
 Cecilian June.... 
 
 Cedar Grove 
 
 Central City 
 
 Cerulean Springs. 
 Chenowee Tunnel. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Chilesburg 
 
 Christiansburg . . 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clay City 
 
 ♦Clear Springs... 
 
 Cleopatra 
 
 Clinton 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 Martin 
 
 L. W. at Richardson . . 
 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Paint Cr. . 
 L. W. at Warfield ,,,, 
 
 Martin 
 
 Flovd 
 
 L. W. at mouth of John’s Cr. . 
 L. W. at Preatonshurg- 
 
 Floyd 
 
 Floyd 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Mud Cr 
 
 L. W. at Pikeville 
 
 Pike 
 
 Pike 
 
 L. W. at Breaks of Sandy. . . . 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Webster 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Grant 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Ballard 
 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Graves 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 McCracken 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Clark 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River. . . . 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River. . . . 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Nelson 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Graves 
 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 E. & G. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 Todd 
 
 Meade 
 
 Meade 
 
 L„ H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 Mercer 
 
 
 Pike 
 
 L. W. in Big Sandy River. . . . 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 "Warren 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Postoffice 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Oldham 
 
 Boyle 
 
 Whitley 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Oldham 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Graves . 
 
 Barra rd 
 
 Summit 
 
 Mpropr 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Cumberland River. . 
 Q & C. R. R 
 
 Cumberland .... 
 Pulaski 
 
 Pula ski 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 L. & N. R. R. 
 
 jyfr»"r n 
 
 Marion 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Marshall 
 
 FTpnry 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. ft 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 Grayson ........ 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 
 Parrnll 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 1 
 
 Carroll 
 
 L. & N. R. R ! 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 Boyd 
 
 Boyd - 
 
 C. & O R. R i 
 
 Barren 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 M. & O R. R 
 
 Logan 
 
 Pnltnn 
 
 Hardin 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Trigg 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R l 
 
 Breathitt 
 
 "Marion 
 
 Fayette 
 
 PiTn pi by 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 S. R R | 
 
 S»hplhy 
 
 Powell 
 
 L. & E. R. R | 
 
 Bravpc , , 
 
 
 McTiPan 
 
 | 
 
 Hickman 
 
 I. C. R. R 1 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 549 
 
 587 
 
 587 
 
 594 
 606 
 637 
 
 ■ 660 
 854 
 514 
 347 
 
 355 
 953 
 445 
 
 595 
 394 
 387 
 361 
 538 
 
 1,130 
 
 651 
 
 425 
 
 431 
 
 469 
 
 455 
 
 919 
 
 580 
 
 356 
 594 
 
 1,041 
 
 863 
 
 854 
 
 517 
 
 903 
 
 818 
 
 490 
 
 770 
 
 1,014 
 
 982 
 
 792 
 
 450 
 
 1,090 
 
 887 
 
 630 
 
 589 
 
 770 
 
 604 
 
 397 
 
 609 
 
 443 
 
 896 
 
 623 
 
 399 
 1,060 
 
 413 
 
 464 
 
 498 
 
 544 
 
 613 
 
 588 
 
 400 
 637 
 847 
 400 
 447 
 938 
 673 
 
 1,006 
 
 892 
 
 664 
 
 646 
 
 360 
 
 496 
 
 354 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 211 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 
 Breckenridge . . 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Boyd 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 340 
 387 
 603 
 | 453 
 
 1 1,023 
 
 j 425 
 
 756 
 270 
 313 
 346 
 951 
 570 
 412 
 
 1,046 
 
 953 
 
 425 
 
 927 
 525 
 919 
 632 
 515 
 455 
 908 
 8S9 
 380 
 
 1,256 
 I 1,665 
 
 577 
 589 
 662 
 951 
 i 393 
 
 828 
 700 
 955 
 353 
 397 
 660 
 
 928 
 882 
 949 
 450 
 496 
 989 
 724 
 574 
 
 465 
 370 
 
 1,159 
 700 
 761 
 622 
 821 
 4136 
 532 
 613 
 627 
 6 S3 
 748 
 828 
 602 
 5S5 
 922 
 
 466 
 S31 
 661 
 905 
 
 1,261 
 
 1,172 
 
 457 
 
 903 
 
 992* 
 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Colby 
 
 Clark 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 Colesburg 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 
 
 Hickman 
 
 L. W. in Mississippi River... 
 R. R 
 
 
 Hickman 
 
 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 
 
 Henderson 
 
 
 
 Whitley 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 Grant 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Crab Orchard .... 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Crescent Hill.... 
 Crider 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 
 Shelby 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Crow-Hickman . 
 Cumb. Falls S’ta. 
 Cumberland Gap. 
 Cumb’rland River 
 Cumb'rland River 
 Cumb’rland River 
 Cumb’rland River 
 
 Onrdsvill a 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 
 Bell 
 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Fishing Cr. 
 
 L. W at Burnside 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 L. W. at m’th of Rockcastle R. 
 L. W. at Pi n evil] e 
 
 i^ell 
 
 Daviess 
 
 
 Curry 
 
 Mercer 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 Oynthiana 
 
 Harrison 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Danville , 
 
 Boyle. 
 
 DeKoven . 
 
 TTnion 
 
 I. C. R. R j 
 
 
 Daviess 
 
 
 Denton 
 
 Carter 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 biYfm 
 
 Boone 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 1 
 
 Donerail 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Q. & C. R. R ! 
 
 T)rv 'Rids’P 
 
 Grant 
 
 Q. & C R. R | 
 
 *Dukedome 
 
 Graves 
 
 
 Dulaney 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 T C R R . . . 1 
 
 Pune 3.1111 On 
 
 Madison 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L & E R R 
 
 Dundee 
 
 Powell 
 
 Dunmor 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 L. & N. r! R 
 
 L. & N. R R 
 
 Eagle 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Farlington 
 
 Hoplcins 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L & N. R. R 
 
 East Bernstadt. . 
 *Eastin’s Mill.... 
 East View 
 
 Laurel 
 
 Clark 
 
 
 Hardin 
 
 I C R R | 
 
 Eastwood 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 L & N R R | 
 
 Ebenezer 
 
 Mercer 
 
 
 Eddyville 
 
 T.yon 
 
 j 
 
 Edwards 
 
 Logan 
 
 L &N R R I 
 
 E. K. Junction.. 
 Ekron 
 
 Carter 
 
 C. & O. R R | 
 
 Meade 
 
 L., H & St. L. R. R 1 
 
 Elizabethtown . . 
 Elkatawa ....... 
 
 Hardin 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 Breathitt 
 
 L. & E R. R j 
 
 Elk Chester 
 
 Woodford 
 
 S R R 
 
 Elkton 
 
 Todd . 
 
 E. & G R R ' 
 
 Elliston 
 
 Grant 
 
 L & N R R | 
 
 Eminence ..... 
 
 Henry 
 
 L &N R R 1 
 
 English 
 
 Carroll 
 
 L & N R R . 
 
 Enterprise 
 
 Carter 
 
 C & O R R 
 
 Eoley’s 
 
 Logan 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 Erlanger 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 1 
 
 Estill Furnace... 
 Eubanks 
 
 Estill . . . 
 
 Eonnda tion | 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Q. & C. R. R j 
 
 Euterne 
 
 Henderson 
 
 
 Ewing 1 
 
 Fleming 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 C &0 R R 1 
 
 Ev'ington 
 
 Montgomery .... 
 
 
 
212 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 Falls of Rough.. 
 Falmouth 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Pendleton 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R. 
 
 \ 423 
 
 | 530 
 
 i 1,116 
 
 | 668 
 
 ki n 
 
 Fariston 
 
 Laurel 
 
 Farmer’s 
 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 * Farmington . . . . 
 Filson 
 
 
 Powell 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 1 684 
 
 Fincastle 
 
 Lee 
 
 L <$- H P R 
 
 Finchville 
 
 Shelby 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 | 726 
 
 | ■ 679 
 
 540 
 986 
 I 1,300 
 
 qoo 
 
 Fisherville 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 Flat Lick 
 
 Knox 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Q. & C R R 
 
 Flat Rock 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 *Flemingsburg . . . 
 
 Fleming 
 
 
 
 McCracken 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 V oo 
 
 | 356 
 
 479 
 322 
 470 
 560 
 691 
 | 394 
 
 | 366 
 
 644 
 
 /7QA 
 
 ♦Fordsville 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Fort Jefferson... 
 
 Ballard 
 
 I. C. R R 
 
 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River. . . . 
 Capitol steps 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Simpson 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Gaither 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Garfield 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Rowan 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 C. & O R R 
 
 Gates 
 
 4 oU 
 
 819 
 | 869 
 
 458 
 830 
 780 
 I 623 
 
 971 
 
 | 806 
 
 542 
 
 a a a 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Scott 
 
 Q & C R R 
 
 Gethsemane .... 
 Gilbert’s Cr. Sta. 
 Glasgow 
 
 Nelson 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 G. R R. . 
 
 Barren 
 
 Glasgow June... 
 
 Barren 
 
 L. & N R. R. . 
 
 Glenavon 
 
 Clark 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 L & E R R 
 
 Glencairn 
 
 Wolfe 
 
 Glencoe 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R. . 
 
 Glendale .... 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Glendea.ne 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 i A QQ 
 
 Gordon 
 
 4oo 
 
 429 
 
 495 
 
 Gracey 
 
 Christian 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Gravel Switch... 
 Grayson 
 
 Marion 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 E. K R R 
 
 Carter 
 
 896 
 526 
 658 
 942 
 i 1,750 
 
 ; 581 
 
 478 
 486 
 1,203 
 371 
 878 
 
 671 
 
 Grayson Sp. Sta. 
 Greendale 
 
 Grayson 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Fayette 
 
 *Green River Knob 
 
 Casey 
 
 Summit 
 
 Greensfourg 
 
 Green 
 
 L. & N R R 
 
 Greenup 
 
 Greenup 
 
 L W in Ohio River 
 
 Greenville Sta... 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 I. C. R. R. . . . 
 
 Greenwood 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Grove Center. . . . 
 Gum Sulphur. . . . 
 Guston 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R R 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 L. & N. R R 
 
 Meade 
 
 L., H. & S't. L. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R j 
 
 L. & N R R 
 
 Guthrie 
 
 Todd 
 
 Oil 
 
 K1 7 
 
 Hadensville .... 
 Hall’s Gap 
 
 Todd 
 
 014 
 
 534 
 
 993 
 
 442 
 
 540 
 
 733 
 
 417 
 
 363 
 
 700 
 
 1,100 
 
 720 
 
 1,009 
 
 824 
 
 693 
 
 367 
 
 823 
 
 843 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 L. & N R. R . . . . 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Ohio 
 
 I. C. R R 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Boyd 
 
 C. & O. R R . . . . 
 
 ^Hampton’s Mill.. 
 Hanson 
 
 Morgan 
 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 
 
 L. & N R. R 1 
 
 Harding 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Hardinsburg .... 
 *Harlan C H 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Harlan 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 1 
 
 Harned 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R | 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Harris 
 
 Madison 
 
 Harrodsburg . ...( 
 Hatton ... i 
 
 Mercer 
 
 S. R. R | 
 
 Shelby 
 
 L. & N R. R 
 
 Hawesville 
 
 Hancock 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 Hayden 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Hazel Patch . . . 
 Hebbardsville . . . 
 Hedges 
 
 Laurel 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 Henderson 
 
 
 421 
 
 Clark 
 
 C. & O. R. R ! 
 
 976 
 
 Hedgenville .... 
 Helena 
 
 Boyle . 
 
 924 
 
 Mason 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 869 
 
 Hemp “Ridge 
 
 Shelby 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 731 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Henderson 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River. 
 
 317 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Henderson 
 
 L. & N. R. R . 
 
 382 
 
 Henshaw 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 361 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 213 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 
 Fulton 
 
 L. W. in Mississippi River... 
 N. C. & St L R R 
 
 Hickman 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Hickory Grove. . . 
 High Bridge 
 High Bridge 
 Hillenmeyer 
 ♦Hillsboro 
 
 Graves 
 
 I. C. R. R. . . . 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Woodford 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Fleming 
 
 
 Hinton 
 
 Scott 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Holt 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Greenup 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 E. K. R R. . 
 
 Hopewell 
 
 Hopkinsville 
 Horse Branch... 
 Horse Cave 
 
 Christian 
 
 L. & N. R. R. . . . 
 
 Ohio 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Hart 
 
 L. & N. R R . . 
 
 Huber 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 L. & N. R R 
 
 
 Greenup 
 
 E. K. R. R 
 
 Hyattsville 
 
 Garrard 
 
 L & N. R R 
 
 Independence . . . 
 Indian Fields . . . . 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Clark 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 L. & E R R. . 
 
 Estill 
 
 T/ W in Kentucky T?iv^r 
 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 McLean 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R i 
 
 L & N R R. . 
 
 
 
 Breathitt 
 
 L & E R R . 
 
 Jeffersontown . . . 
 ♦Jeffersonville . . . 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 S R R 
 
 Montgomery .... 
 Whitley 
 
 i 
 
 L. & N. R. R I 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 
 Henry 
 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 Q & C R R 
 
 
 Fleming 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 Jolly 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Fulton . 
 
 L H & St L R R 
 
 Jordan 
 
 M.’ & O. R. R. . . 
 
 Q & C R R 
 
 Junction City. . . . 
 Kelly 
 
 Boyle 
 
 Christian 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 Kenton Heights.. 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kentucky River. . 
 Kentucky River . . 
 Kilgore 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Q. & C.‘ R. R 
 
 L TV at Carrollton . . 
 
 Carroll 
 
 L W at Pool 1 
 
 Owen 
 
 L. W. at Pool 2 | 
 
 Franklin 
 
 L W at Pool 3 1 
 
 Franklin 
 
 T, W at Frankfort 1 
 
 Anderson 
 
 T, W a.t Tyronp j 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 T, W. a.t. High Rridge | 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 L. W. at Hickman Bridge. . . . | 
 T/ W fit Clpy’p Ferry 1 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Clark 
 
 L W at Boonesboro 
 
 Clark 
 
 L. W. at mouth Red River. . . 
 Tj. W a.t Trvine 
 
 Estill 
 
 Lee 
 
 T, W a+ Peattyville ... 
 
 Owsley 
 
 L. W. at Booneville 
 
 Perry 
 
 L. W. at m’th of Leatherwood. | 
 L. W. at mouth of Rockhouse. 
 L. W. at mouth of S’moot’s Cr.| 
 L. W. at Whitesburg 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Letcher 
 
 L. W. at mouth Boone’s Fork. 
 Head in Payne’s Gap 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Carter 
 
 C & O R R 
 
 King’s Mountain. 
 Kinkaid 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Q & C. R. R 
 
 Scott 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Kirk 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Mercer 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 | 
 
 Kirkwood . . . 
 
 Kuttawa 
 
 Lyon 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 LaGrange 
 
 Oldham 
 
 L & N. R. R 
 
 Laketon 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 M. & O. R. R 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Garrard 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 L & E. R R 
 
 L. & E. Junction. 
 L. & E. Tunnel . . 
 Langford 
 
 Clark 
 
 Clark 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 L. & N. R. R. 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 Lawrenceburg . . 
 Lawton’s Bluff.. 
 Lebanon 
 
 Anderson 
 
 McCracken 
 
 
 Marion 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Lebanon June... 
 Leitoh field 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 L & N R R 
 
 CJrayson 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 1 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Leon 
 
 Carter . • 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Daviess 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 257 
 
 306 
 
 415 
 
 762 
 
 706 
 
 951 
 
 1,030 
 
 943 
 
 374 
 
 557 
 
 541 
 
 476 
 
 603 
 
 458 
 
 523 
 
 1,004 
 
 752 
 
 755 
 
 571 
 
 577 
 
 414 
 
 762 
 
 624 
 
 856 
 
 937 
 
 880 
 
 886 
 
 898 
 
 652 
 
 404 
 
 982 
 
 681 
 
 830 
 
 413 
 
 429.7 
 
 442.7 
 455.5 
 470 
 
 483.7 
 492 
 503 
 533 
 538 
 548 
 571 
 618 
 651 
 
 1,019 
 
 1,079 
 
 1,145 
 
 1,224 
 
 1,338 
 
 1,975 
 
 627 
 
 1,168 
 
 862 
 
 689 
 
 852 
 
 436 
 
 841 
 
 315 
 
 999 
 
 956 
 
 1,006 
 
 905 
 
 770 
 
 455 
 
 754 
 
 429 
 
 635 
 
 598 
 
 403 
 
214 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 Lewisburg . . . . 
 ♦Lewisburg . . . . 
 Lewisport . . . . 
 Lexington 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 Licking River. 
 
 Lily 
 
 Livermore 
 
 Livia 
 
 Livingston . . . 
 Lodiburg .... 
 
 Logan 
 
 London 
 
 Long Branch . 
 Long Grove . . 
 Long Run . . . . 
 
 Loretto 
 
 Louisa 
 
 Louisville . . . . 
 Louisville . . . . 
 Louisville . . . . 
 ♦Lovelaceville . 
 
 Lowell 
 
 Ludlow 
 
 Lyndon 
 
 Lynn Camp . . . 
 
 ♦Lynnville 
 
 McAfee 
 
 McBrayer . . . . 
 
 McHenry 
 
 ♦McKee 
 
 McKinney . . . . 
 McLeod 
 
 McNary 
 
 Madisonville . . . . 
 
 Mahan 
 
 ♦Manchester 
 
 Manitou 
 
 Marion 
 
 Mason 
 
 Massac 
 
 Maurice 
 
 Mayfield 
 
 Mayo 
 
 Maysville 
 
 Maysville 
 
 Meadow Lawn . . 
 
 Meade 
 
 Mean’s Tunnel .-. 
 Memphis June. . 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Middlesborough . 
 
 Midway 
 
 ♦Milburn 
 
 Millwood 
 
 Mason 
 
 McCracken 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Robertson 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 Bath 
 
 Bath 
 
 Bath 
 
 Bath 
 
 Morgan 
 
 Morgan 
 
 Morgan 
 
 Morgan 
 
 Magoffin 
 
 Magoffin 
 
 Magoffin 
 
 Laurel 
 
 McLean 
 
 McLean 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Laurel 
 
 Meade 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Marion 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Ballard 
 
 Garrard 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Laurel 
 
 Graves 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Anderson 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Logan 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Clay 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 Crittenden 
 
 Grant 
 
 McCracken 
 
 Kenton 
 
 Graves 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Mason 
 
 Mason 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 Boyd 
 
 Carter 
 
 Warren 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 Bell 
 
 Woodford 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 Grayson - 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. at Covington 
 
 L. W. at DeCoursey 
 
 L. W. at Visalia 
 
 L. W. at mouth South Fork. . . 
 L. W. at mouth North Fork. . . 
 
 L. W. at Claysville 
 
 L. W. at Lower Blue Lick. . . . 
 L. W. at m’th of Big Fleming. 
 
 L. W. at Upper Blue Lick 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Flat Cr. . . . 
 L. W. at mouth of Slate Cr... 
 L. W. at mouth of Salt Lick. . . 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Beaver 
 
 L. W. at mouth of Elk Fork. . . 
 
 L. W. at West Liberty 
 
 L. W. at mouth of White Oak. 
 L. W. at mouth of Rockhouse. 
 L. W. at m’th of Johnson’s Fk. 
 L. W. at mouth of Middle Fk. . 
 
 L. W. at Salyersville 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L„ H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L & N. R. R 
 
 L. ( H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Big Sandy River. . . . 
 
 L. W. above Falls 
 
 L. & N. depot 
 
 J. M. & I. depot 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 O. & C. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 S. R. R.. 
 S. R. R. . 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in S'outh Fork 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 466 
 335 
 333 
 946 
 432 
 445 
 * 453 
 512 
 
 536 
 544 
 
 | 566) 
 
 I 57T 
 
 592 
 597 
 623 
 644 
 676 
 733 
 742) 
 766 
 776 
 806 
 820 
 840 
 1,072 
 389 
 422 
 858 
 485 
 613 
 i 1,209 
 417 
 605 
 599 
 711 
 526 
 386 
 432 
 457i 
 350 
 799 
 535 
 
 537 
 1,045 
 
 I 481 
 
 1 796 
 
 1 807 
 
 434) 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 1,040 
 
 1,008 
 
 610 
 
 427 
 
 460 
 
 899 
 
 882 
 
 430 
 
 571 
 
 924 
 
 450 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 498 
 
 421 
 804 
 448 
 525 
 
 422 
 590 
 770 
 533 
 471 
 
 1,063 
 
 785 
 
 445 
 
 603 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 215 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 *Mintonville 
 
 Casey 
 
 Mississippi River 
 Mississippi River 
 Mississippi River 
 Mitchellsburg . . . 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Hickman 
 
 Ballard 
 
 Boyle 
 
 Owen 
 
 
 Wayne 
 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Mooresville 
 
 Moran’s Summit. 
 
 Washington 
 
 Madison 
 
 Rowan 
 
 Moreland 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Morganfield 
 
 Mortonsville' .... 
 
 Union 
 
 Woodford 
 
 Hickman 
 
 *Mt. Carmel .... 
 Mt. Guthrie .... 
 Mt. Savage 
 
 Fleming 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 Carter 
 
 Mt. Sterling .... 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Muldraugh 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 Moado 
 
 Muldraugh Hill . 
 Muldraugh Hill . 
 Munfordville .... 
 *Murray 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Marion 
 
 Hart 
 
 Calloway 
 
 Music 
 
 Garter 
 
 Myers 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 Natural Bridge . . 
 Nazareth .’ 
 
 Powell 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Nelsonville 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 Nelson 
 
 *New Concord . . . . 
 New Haven .... 
 New Hope 
 
 Calloway 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Newport 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Niagara 
 
 T-T priHpr^nTi 
 
 Nicholasville .... 
 Nolin 
 
 11C11UCI ouli 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Larue 
 
 Normal 
 
 
 North Fork 
 
 L>Oj u. 
 
 Bovle 
 
 Nortonville 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 Norwood 
 
 ■pnl o clri 
 
 Nunn’s 
 
 PrittPn^Pn 
 
 Oakdale 
 
 T-£vpn th i 1 1 
 
 Oakland 
 
 Warren 
 
 Oakton 
 
 Hickman 
 
 O’Bannon 
 
 J efferson 
 
 * Ogden 
 
 Ballard 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 McCracken 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Union 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Union 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 . . 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Breckenridge . . 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Mpa c{ p. 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Meade . 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Bracken 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Mason . 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Lewis 
 
 L. W. at Hickman 
 L. W. at Columbus 
 L. W. at mouth Ohio River 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 Li. & N. R. R 
 C. & O. R. R 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 M." & a R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 C. & O. R. R 
 C. & O. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 I. C. R. R. . . 
 L. & N. Tunn 
 L. & N. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 el 
 
 C. & O. R. R. 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R. . . 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Madison street depot 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 C. & O. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 I. C. R. R. . . 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 I. C. R. R. . . 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 M. & O. R. R 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 mouth 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Paducah 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Shawneetown 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Uniontown . . 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Mt. Vernon . . 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Henderson . . . 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Owensboro. . . 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Rockport 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Lewisport .... 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Troy 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Cloverport . . . 
 
 L. 
 
 W. 
 
 at 
 
 Concordia .... 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Brandenburg. 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Louisville. . . . 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Bethlehem . . . 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Madison 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Vevay 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Carrollton .... 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Cincinnati .... 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Maysville. . . . 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Manchester. . 
 
 L. 
 
 w. 
 
 at 
 
 Quincy 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 I 
 
 ! 
 
 ! 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 1,185 
 
 256 
 
 270 
 
 272 
 
 969 
 
 442 
 
 935 
 
 956 
 
 650 
 
 964 
 
 712 
 
 1,086 
 
 610 
 
 398 
 789 
 313 
 990 
 
 1,121 
 
 601 
 
 934 
 
 1,113 
 
 740 
 
 767 
 
 1,160 
 
 570 
 
 510 
 
 692 
 613 
 765 
 
 693 
 448 
 434 
 460 
 444 
 488 
 
 511 
 477 
 945 
 660 
 539 
 934 
 
 385 
 
 1,122 
 
 357 
 
 796 
 
 531 
 
 321 
 
 731 
 
 350 
 
 272 
 
 286 
 
 301 
 
 302 
 306 
 308 
 317 
 328 
 330 
 333 
 335 
 340 
 34'6 
 356 
 
 386 
 
 399 
 401 
 408 
 411 
 413 
 431 
 44'4 
 448 
 451 
 464 
 
216 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Greenup 
 
 Ohio River 
 
 Boyd 
 
 Oil City 
 
 Barren 
 
 Old Deposit 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Olive Hill 
 
 Carter 
 
 Olmstead 
 
 Logan 
 
 Olympia 
 
 Bath 
 
 Orel ~. 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Ormsby 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Otter Cr. Sta. . . . 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Otter Pond 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Owensboro 
 
 Daviess 
 
 Paducah 
 
 McCracken 
 
 Paducah 
 
 McCracken 
 
 
 Garrard 
 
 Panther Cr 
 
 Daviess 
 
 
 Bourbon 
 
 
 Boyle 
 
 Payne’s Gap . . . .' 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Christian 
 
 
 Henry 
 
 Penick 
 
 Marion 
 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 
 Christian 
 
 Pewee Valley . . . 
 
 Oldham 
 
 Phillipsburg .... 
 
 Marion 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 Pikeville 
 
 Pike 
 
 Pinckard 
 
 Woodford 
 
 Pine Grove 
 
 Clark 
 
 Pine Hill 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 Pine Knot 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Pineville 
 
 Bell 
 
 Pisgah 
 
 Woodford 
 
 Pleasant Valley . 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 Pleasant View . . 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Pleasure R. Park. 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Pleasureville . . . 
 
 Henry 
 
 Point Leavell . . . 
 
 Garrard 
 
 Pound Gap 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Powers 
 
 Daviess 
 
 Preston 
 
 Bath 
 
 Prestonsburg . . . 
 
 Floyd 
 
 Prewitt 
 
 Montgomery . . . 
 
 Princess 
 
 Boyd 
 
 Princeton 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 "Procter’s Gap . . . 
 
 Letcher 
 
 Pryorsburg 
 
 Graves 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Quarry Switch . . 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 Quincy 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Union 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Red Hill 
 
 Hardin 
 
 Red House 
 
 Madison 
 
 Red Oak 
 
 Logan 
 
 Reed 
 
 Henderson 
 
 "Reelfoot Lake . . 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Repton 
 
 Crittenden 
 
 Ricedale 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 Richardson 
 
 Martin 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Madison 
 
 Rich Pond 
 
 Warren 
 
 Richwood 
 
 Boone 
 
 Riley 
 
 Marion 
 
 Riverton 
 
 Greenup 
 
 Robards 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Rockfield 
 
 "Warren 
 
 Rock Haven .... 
 
 Meade 
 
 Ronkhnld 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Rockport 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Rock Vale 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 Rocky Hill 
 
 Edmonson 1 
 
 Rogers Gap 
 
 Scott * 
 
 L. W. at Greenup . . . 
 L. W. at Catlettsburg 
 
 G. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R. . 
 L. W. in Ohio River. . 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 L. W. in Big 1 Sandy 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Big Sandy 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 C & O. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R. 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Big Sandy 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 E. K. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L., H. & S't. L. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Q. & C. R. R I 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 478 
 
 498 
 
 610 
 
 453 
 
 752 
 
 563 
 751 
 
 412 
 636 
 664 
 534 
 367 
 286 
 341 
 794 
 377 
 826 
 
 1,052 
 
 1,97a 
 
 562 
 
 830 
 
 930 
 
 408 
 
 400 
 
 753 
 704 
 407 
 660 
 824 
 960 
 966 
 
 1,410 
 
 999 
 
 846 
 
 1,110 
 
 971 
 
 447 
 
 882 
 
 884 
 
 2,512 
 
 362 
 
 742 
 
 606 
 
 1,054 
 
 632 
 
 475 
 2,000 
 
 411 
 1,120 
 
 463 
 
 464 
 302 
 437 
 751 
 710 
 
 595 
 379 
 290 
 
 476 
 387 
 549 
 926 
 
 564 
 924 
 914 
 531 
 
 413 
 568 
 
 412 
 955 
 432 
 435 
 
 596 
 913 
 
KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 217 
 
 PLACE 
 
 Rosine 
 
 Rosslyn 
 
 Rowland 
 
 Rowletts 
 
 Rumsey 
 
 Rush 
 
 Russellville . . . . 
 
 Ruth 
 
 Sadieville 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 St. Joseph 
 
 St. Ma^y 
 
 St. Mathews . . . . 
 St. Vincent . . . . 
 
 Salt Lick 
 
 S'alvisa 
 
 Salyersville 
 
 Sample 
 
 Samuels 
 
 Sanders 
 
 Sayers 
 
 Science Hill 
 
 Scottsburg 
 
 Scuffietown 
 
 Sebree 
 
 Shelby Gap 
 
 Shelby June 
 
 STielbyville 
 
 fe’helbyville 
 
 Shepherdsville . . 
 
 Sherman 
 
 Silver Cr. Sta. . . 
 Simpsonville 
 
 Sinks 
 
 Skillman 
 
 Slaughter 
 
 Sloan’s Valley . . 
 
 Smithfield 
 
 Smith’s Grove . . 
 
 Smithland 
 
 Somerset 
 
 Sonora 
 
 South Carrollton 
 South Elkhorn . . 
 
 South Fork 
 
 South Union 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Spottsville ...... 
 
 Springfield 
 
 ♦Spring Hill 
 
 Spring Lick 
 
 S'purlington 
 
 ♦Standing Rock . . 
 
 Stanford 
 
 Stanley 
 
 Stanton 
 
 ♦State House Rock 
 
 State Line 
 
 State Line 
 
 Stephensport 
 
 Stepstone 
 
 Stevensburg 
 
 Steubenville 
 
 Stine 
 
 Stithton 
 
 Strawberry 
 
 Stroud 
 
 Sturgis 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 Summit 
 
 Sutherland 
 
 ♦Symsonia 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 546 
 
 Powell 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 671 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 844 
 
 Hart 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 610 
 
 
 
 384 
 
 Carter 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 628 
 
 Logan 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 534 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 493 
 
 S’cott 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 857 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 458 
 
 Daviess 
 
 
 420 
 
 Marion 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 733 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 522 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 413 
 
 Bath 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 656 
 
 Mercer 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 758 
 
 
 L. W. in Licking River 
 
 840 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 392 
 
 Nelson 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 652 
 
 Carroll 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 488 
 
 Nelson 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 674 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Q. & C. R R 
 
 1,115 
 
 Caldwell ....... 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 616 
 
 
 
 375 
 
 Webster 
 
 L. & N. R. R ; 
 
 362 
 
 Pike 
 
 
 1,431 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 696 
 
 Shelby 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 695 
 
 Shelby 
 
 S. R. R. 
 
 684 
 
 Bullitt 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 426 
 
 Grant 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 924 
 
 Madison 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 804 
 
 Shelby 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 771 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 906 
 
 Hancock 
 
 L. ( H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 387 
 
 Webster 
 
 L. & N. R. R. . . 
 
 380 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 912 
 
 Henry 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 875 
 
 Warren 
 
 L. & N. R. R | 
 
 607 
 
 Livingston 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River 
 
 1 286 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 867 
 
 Larue • • 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 699 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 443 
 
 Enyptto 
 
 
 895 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 976 
 
 Logan 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 579 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 497 
 
 "P’pnrlpT’Son ...... 
 
 
 366 
 
 Washington .... 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 738 
 
 tTiplcman 
 
 
 4.50 
 
 Grayson 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 387 
 
 Taylor 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 981 
 
 Estill 
 
 
 1,269 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 921 
 
 Daviess 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 350 
 
 Powell 
 
 L. & E. R. R I 
 
 671 
 
 Estill 
 
 
 1 1,464 
 
 Christian 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 535 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 1,350 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R 
 
 390 
 
 Montgomery . . . 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 777 
 
 Hardin 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 611 
 
 Way no 
 
 
 887 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 S. R. R 
 
 484 
 
 Hardin 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 686 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 L. & N- R. R 
 
 432* 
 
 Muhlenberg 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 380 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 363 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 365 
 
 Henry 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 683 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 1,263 
 
 Daviess 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 378 
 
 flVflVPR 
 
 l 
 
 402 
 
 
218 
 
 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 PLACE 
 
 COUNTY 
 
 STATION 
 
 ELEVA- 
 
 TION. 
 
 
 
 L. & E. R. R . . j 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Taylorsville .... 
 Thompson’s .... 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Tip Top 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 C. & O. R. R 1 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Montgomery .... 
 
 Hardin 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 Wolfe 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 Todd 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 C. & O. R. R | 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L & N. R R 
 
 
 
 Twin Tunnels . . 
 Tunnel Hill ... 
 
 Muhlenberg . . . 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River.... 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Union 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 
 Union 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River . 
 
 
 Larue 
 
 L. & N. R R | 
 
 Val1 p y 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 L. & N. R R . . . | 
 
 
 Washington 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 Mercer 
 
 S R R . 
 
 
 Fayette 
 
 S R R . 
 
 
 Shelby 
 
 S R. R 
 
 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 
 Woodford 
 
 S’. R. R I 
 
 Vine Grove .... 
 
 
 I. C. R. R j 
 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 L. & E. R. R 
 
 
 Powell 
 
 
 
 Tj. W. in T .inking River 
 
 Waddy 
 
 j8cT\ 7" n /I nchCTTl 
 
 Shelby 
 
 S. R. R | 
 
 Calloway 
 
 
 
 ♦Wade’s Gap .... 
 ♦Walnut Flats . . . 
 Walnut Grove . . • 
 
 "Wn 1 ton 
 
 Clinton 
 
 ! 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 ! 
 
 Faldwell 
 
 
 Boone 
 
 Q. & C. R. R ] 
 
 w cird/ s 
 
 Carter 
 
 C. & O. R. R 
 
 Wq vfi p! ^ 
 
 Martin 
 
 L. W. in Big Sandy River. 
 
 L. W. in Ohio River ' 
 
 W w ....... 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 Water Valley . . . 
 
 W J q vprlv 
 
 (Araves 
 
 I. C. R. R ' 
 
 I. C. R. R 1 
 
 TTninn 
 
 Waynesburg .... 
 AVofost^r 
 
 T.ineoln 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 1 
 
 L., H. & St. L. R. R ! 
 
 I. C. R. R | 
 
 Breckenridge . . . 
 Grayson 
 
 Wpet PI if tV 
 
 West Liberty . . . 
 West Louisville . 
 ~WJ net Pniut 
 
 Morgan 
 
 T, "W in T,i eking River 
 
 Daviess 
 
 1 
 
 Hardin 
 
 I. C. R. R ! 
 
 VVtrfeL ruiiu 
 
 Whippoorwill . . . 
 White Plains 
 
 "W'h 
 
 T n p - a n 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 I. C. R. R . . . 
 
 Madison 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Whitesburg .... 
 White Sulphur . . 
 
 1 1 pwnorl 
 
 T.etelier 
 
 L. W. in Kentucky River.... 1 
 I. C R. R i 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Areen 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 tl PV 
 
 "Pnlaski 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 
 
 Winlcl iffp 
 
 ■Rnllard 
 
 I. C. R. R ' 
 
 Willard 
 
 Farter 
 
 F. K. R. R 
 
 Williamsburg . . . 
 Williamstown . . . 
 Wilmore , T 
 
 Whitley L. & N. R. R 
 
 Arant O Rr C R R 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 Q. & C. R. R ' 
 
 "Wil <5nn ....... 
 
 Henderson 
 
 I. C. R. R I 
 
 C. & O. R. R ' 
 
 *\/C7 in r»Vi pcjtPT* 
 
 Clark . 
 
 Winchester 
 
 "\\T i ri rl n TYl 
 
 Clark 
 
 L. & E. R. R '. . . ! 
 
 J essamine 
 
 Q. & C. R. R 1 
 
 ’YA7' i n pTi 
 
 Graves 
 
 I. C. R. R 
 
 Wolf Lick 
 
 \\T nnrl L 1 n P 
 
 Logan 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 L. & N. R. R 
 
 Whitley . 
 
 r \\7" Anri L 1 1 r»n 
 
 Warren 
 
 L. & N. R. R t 
 
 T\f a A rl 1 Q Tl fl 
 
 Hart 
 
 L. & N R. R I 
 
 Woodlawn 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 L. & N. R. R ! 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 TXT a Afl T TO 1 p 
 
 Nelson 
 
 W UUU Vdlc • 
 
 McCracken 
 
 
 VV UUU. V 1 11 1: 
 
 Worthington . . . . 
 
 Vrnrth tti 1 1 p 
 
 Daviess 
 
 L„ H. & St. L. R. R 1 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 Carroll 
 
 Wr] o*]a t * S 
 
 Taylor 
 
 L. & N. R. R 1 
 
 L. & E. R. R 1 
 
 WT vcinrlnttp 
 
 Clark 
 
 At*l 
 
 Grant 
 
 L. & N. R. R ! 
 
 Zion 
 
 Henderson . 
 
 
 711 
 810 
 877 
 422 
 1,037 
 408 
 ' 760 
 956 
 456 
 531 
 950 
 
 482 
 767 
 740 
 
 483 
 939 
 354 
 306 
 724 
 412 
 572 
 765 
 880 
 742 
 862 
 910 
 721 
 
 400 
 666 
 453 
 854 
 442 
 
 1,310 
 
 910 
 
 449 
 
 912 
 
 669 
 
 587 
 
 411 
 386 
 408 
 
 1,215 
 
 542 
 
 631 
 
 742 
 
 462 
 
 412 
 539 
 430 
 903 
 
 1,224 
 
 480 
 
 570 
 
 1,332 
 
 3°2 
 
 554 
 
 939 
 
 943 
 
 872 
 
 377 
 
 964 
 
 980 
 
 1,032 
 
 466 
 
 401 
 1.080 
 
 610 
 
 623 
 
 509 
 
 765 
 
 440 
 
 382 
 
 478 
 
 616 
 
 1.011 
 
 664 
 
 436 
 
INDEX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Accumulation of Oil and Gas 17 
 
 Anticlinal Theory 18 
 
 Anticlines 18, 20 
 
 At Cloverport 21 
 
 In Cumberland County 21 
 
 Meade County 21 
 
 Older fields 23 
 
 Warfield 21 
 
 Wayne County 21 
 
 Asphalt Rock 28 
 
 Barren County, 
 
 Black Shale in 34 
 
 Corniferous in 37 
 
 Hudson in 39 
 
 Niagara in 38 
 
 Oil Sand 32 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Well records 126-129 
 
 Bath County, 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Corniferous in 36 
 
 Monocline in 21 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 Oil in 51 
 
 Section in 52 
 
 St. Louis in 29 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Well records 52, 59-61, 143-151 
 
 Beaver Sand 32, 45, 50, 56 
 
 Berea Grit 32,48 
 
 In Rowan County 48, 49 
 
 Lewis County 49 
 
 Powell County 49 
 
 Berea Shale 49 
 
 Big Injun Sand 31, 32, 46, 47, 57 
 
 In Clinton County 47 
 
 Johnson County 47 
 
220 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Knox County 47 
 
 Magoffin County 47 
 
 Martin County . .. 31,47 
 
 Pike County , 31,47 
 
 Rockcastle County 47 
 
 Wayne County 47 
 
 Whitley County 47 
 
 Big Lime 28, 29 
 
 Birdseye 40, 41 
 
 Black Shale 50,51 
 
 In Barren County 34 
 
 Bath County 33 
 
 Breckenridge County 34 
 
 Bullitt County 33 
 
 Carter County 34 
 
 Casey County 33 
 
 Clark County 33 
 
 Clinton County 33 
 
 Cumberland County 33 
 
 Eastern Kentucky 34 
 
 Estill County 33 
 
 Fleming County 33 
 
 Garrard County 33 
 
 Hart County 34 
 
 At Ironton, Ohio 34 
 
 In Jefferson County 33 
 
 Larue County 33 
 
 Lawrence County 34 
 
 Lewis County 33, 34 
 
 Magoffin County 34 
 
 Marion County 33 
 
 Meade County 50 
 
 Menefee County 34 
 
 Monroe County 33 
 
 Montgomery County 33 
 
 Morgan County 34 
 
 Nelson County 33 
 
 Ohio 34 
 
 On Pine Mountain 33 
 
 In Powell County 33 
 
 At Portsmouth 34 
 
 In Rockcastle County 34? 
 
 Russell County 33 
 
 Warren County 34 
 
 Wayne County 33, 34 
 
 Whitley County 34 
 
 Wolfe County 34 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Bourbon County, Hudson in.. 
 
 Bownocker, Report by 
 
 Eoyd County, 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Boyd’s Creek sand 
 
 Boyle County, Waverly in 
 
 Breathitt County, 
 
 Caney Sand in 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 Well record 
 
 Breckenridge County, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Bullitt County, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 Burning Springs well........ 
 
 Calciferous 
 
 Caldwell County, well record. 
 
 Campton well 
 
 Caney Sand 
 
 In Breathitt County .... 
 
 Clark County 
 
 Madison County 
 
 Montgomery County . 
 Morgan County ...... 
 
 Wolfe County 
 
 Cap 
 
 Carroll County well 
 
 Carter County, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Conglomerate in ........ 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Central City well 
 
 Casey County, Black Shale in 
 
 Central Kentucky, 
 
 Birdseye in 
 
 Chazy in 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 221 
 
 PAGE 
 
 40 
 
 8,17 
 
 26 
 
 SO 
 
 76 
 
 38,130 
 
 32 
 
 55 
 
 26 
 
 71 
 
 34 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 136-138 
 
 33 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 40 , 42 , 44 , 58 
 
 139 
 
 71 
 
 40 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 18 
 
 139 
 
 34 
 
 25 
 
 37 
 
 29,30 
 
 .. . 74 , 159-161 
 
 142 
 
 33 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 36 
 
222 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Hudson in 39 
 
 Trenton in 41 
 
 Chazy * 40,41 
 
 Chester 27 
 
 In Clinton County 27 
 
 Eastern Kentucky 28 
 
 Jackson County 27 
 
 Knox County 27 
 
 At Tell City 27 
 
 In Western Kentucky 27, 28 
 
 Whitley County 27 
 
 Cincinnati well 74 
 
 Clark County, 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Corniferous in 36 
 
 Well record 66 
 
 Clinton 38, 55 
 
 Big Injun in 47 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Chester in 27 
 
 Hudson in 39 
 
 St. Louis in 30 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 In Eastern Kentucky 38 
 
 Morgan County 38 
 
 Wayne County ................ 38 
 
 Wolfe County 38 
 
 Clinton Sand 51,55 
 
 Cloverport, 
 
 Anticlines *21 
 
 Gas Sand 32, 48 
 
 Wells 21 
 
 Conglomerate Measures 25, 26 
 
 In Boyd County 26 
 
 Breathitt County 26 
 
 Carter County 25 
 
 Floyd County 26 
 
 Greenup County 25 
 
 Jackson County 25 
 
 Johnson County 26 
 
 Knott County 26 
 
 Knox County 26 
 
 Martin County 26 
 
 Menefee County 25 
 
 Morgan County 25 
 
 Pike County 26 
 
INDEX. 
 
 223 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Southeastern Kentucky 26 
 
 Western Kentucky 27 
 
 Whitley County 26 
 
 Wolfe County 25 
 
 Oil Sands in 45,46 
 
 Cooper Sand 32, 50, 56 
 
 Corniferous Limestone 34, 51, 52 
 
 In Barren County 37 
 
 Bath County . . . 36 
 
 Central Kentucky 36 
 
 Clark County 36 
 
 Eastern Kentucky 36 
 
 Estill County 36, 53 
 
 Fleming County 36 
 
 Garrard County 36 
 
 Lewis County 36 
 
 Lincoln County 36 
 
 Madison County 36 
 
 Magoffin County 36 
 
 Montgomery County 36 
 
 Powell County 35, 36 
 
 Rockcastle County 36 
 
 Southeastern Kentucky 35 
 
 Western Kentucky 36 
 
 Outcrop of 35 
 
 Section of 35 
 
 Thickness of 35 
 
 Cover 18 
 
 Cumberland County, 
 
 Anticlines in 21 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Hudson in 39, 43 
 
 Oil field 21 
 
 Trenton in 43 
 
 Well records 114-124 
 
 Cumberland Gap, St. Louis at 30 
 
 Cumberland River, 
 
 Oil Sands 58 
 
 Trenton on 42 
 
 Deep Sand of Wayne County 57 
 
 Devonian (See Black Shale) 50 
 
 Devonian Limestone 34, 35 
 
 Devonian Black Shale 33,34 
 
 Eastern Kentucky, 
 
 Black Shale in 34 
 
 Chester in 28 
 
224 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Clinton in 38 
 
 Corniferous in 36 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Elevations 209-218 
 
 EppersOn Sand 46 
 
 Estill County 21 
 
 Black Shale in ; 33 
 
 Corniferous in 36, 53 
 
 Gas in 58 
 
 Monocline in 21 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 Oil in 51,53 
 
 Section in 70 
 
 St. Louis in 29 
 
 Well records 69,70,158 
 
 Fleming County, 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Corniferous in 36 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Floyd County, 
 
 Conglomerate County ^ 26 
 
 St. Louis in 29,30 
 
 Well records 84-93, 161-179 
 
 Forty-five degree line 23 
 
 Garrard County, 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Corniferous in 36 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Gas, 
 
 In Estill County 58 
 
 Meade County 50 
 
 Menefee County 51 
 
 Production in Kentucky 205 
 
 Transportation of 207 
 
 Geological Survey 7, 16 
 
 Geology of Oil and Gas 16 
 
 Greenup County, 
 
 Conglomerate in 25 
 
 St. Louis in 28 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Harrison County well 140 
 
 Hart County, 
 
 Black Shale in 34 
 
 St. Louis in.. 30 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Well records 134,135 
 
INDEX. 
 
 225 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Horton Sand * 
 
 Hudson Group 
 
 In Barren County 
 
 Bourbon County 
 
 Central Kentucky 
 
 Clinton County 
 
 Cumberland County . . 
 On Cumberland River . . . 
 
 In Pulaski County 
 
 Russell County 
 
 Southern Kentucky . . 
 
 Warren County 
 
 Wayne County 
 
 Western Kentucky . . . 
 
 Whitley County 
 
 Ironton well 
 
 Irvine, Section at 
 
 Jackson County, 
 
 Chester in 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Jefferson County, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 Johnson County, 
 
 Big Injun in . 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Jones Sand 
 
 Keener Sand 
 
 Kentucky Oil Sands 
 
 Keokuk in Western Kentucky 
 
 Keokuk limestone 
 
 Knobstone series 
 
 Knott County, 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Knox County, 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Chester in 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 Oil field in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Knox Dolomite 
 
 45 
 
 39,55 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39,43 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 75 
 
 54 
 
 27 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 33 
 
 37 
 
 47 
 
 26 
 
 79,80 
 
 46 
 
 46,47 
 
 12 , 13 , 15 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 26 
 
 97-102 
 
 47 
 
 27 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 102 - 105 , 182-201 
 .. . 40 , 42 , 43 , 44 
 
226 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Larue County, Black Shale in 
 Lawrence County, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Lewis County, 
 
 Berea Grit in 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 Section in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 Lexington, Trenton at 
 
 Lincoln County, 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 Logan County well 
 
 Loughridge, Report by 
 
 Louisville, Trenton at 
 
 Madison County, 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 Magoffin County, 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Black shale in 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Maps 
 
 Marion County, Black Shale in. 
 Martin County, 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Mason County, Niagara in 
 
 Mauch Chunk 
 
 Meade County, 
 
 Anticline in 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Gas in 
 
 Field 
 
 Report on 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 PAGE 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 .. 29,30 
 . . 77-79 
 
 49 
 
 . . 33,34 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 49 
 32 
 41 
 
 36 
 
 32 
 134 
 
 51 
 
 41 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 47 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 . . 29,30 
 72 
 208 
 
 33 
 
 . . 31,47 
 26 
 
 29 , 30 , 31 
 . . 80-84 
 
 37 
 27 
 
 21 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 21 
 
 51 
 30 
 32 
 
INDEX. 
 
 227 
 
 Menefee County, page 
 
 Black Shale in 34 
 
 Conglomerate in 25 
 
 Gas in 51 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 St. Louis in 29 
 
 Well records 62-65,151-156 
 
 Minute pressure 23 
 
 Monocline 20 
 
 In Bath County 21 
 
 Estill County 21 
 
 Wolfe County 21 
 
 Monroe County, Black shale in 33 
 
 Montgomery County, 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Caney Sand in 56 
 
 Corniferous in 36 
 
 St. Louis in 29 
 
 Well records 65 
 
 Morgan County, 
 
 Black Shale in 34 
 
 Caney Sand in 55,56 
 
 Clinton in 38, 55 
 
 Conglomerate in 25 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 St. Louis in 29,30 
 
 Well records 72, 159 
 
 Mountain Lime 28' 
 
 Mt. Pisgah Sand 32,56 
 
 Nelson County, Black Shale in 33 
 
 Newman Limestone 28 
 
 Niagara 37 
 
 In Barren County 38 
 
 Bath County 37 
 
 Carter County 37 
 
 Estill County 37 
 
 Fleming County 37 
 
 Jefferson County 37 
 
 Lewis County 37 
 
 Madison County 37 
 
 Mason County 37 
 
 Menefee County 37 
 
 Morgan County 37 
 
 Powell County 37 
 
 Rockcastle County 37 
 
 Rowan County 37 
 
228 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Whitley County . . 
 
 Wolfe County 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Oil Sands of 
 
 Oil, 
 
 In Bath County 
 
 Estill County 
 
 Production in Kentucky 
 
 Transportation in Kentucky 
 Oil and Gas, 
 
 Accumulations of 
 
 Geology of 
 
 Origin of 
 
 Oil pools 
 
 Oil Sand 
 
 Oil Sands, 
 
 In Waverly 
 
 Of Kentucky 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Wayne County 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Oldham County well 
 
 Open pressure 
 
 Origin of Oil and Gas. 
 
 Orton, Report by 
 
 Osgood Shale 
 
 Otter Sand 
 
 Owensboro, Trenton at 
 
 Pencil Cave 
 
 Pennsylvania Oil Sands 
 
 Pike County, 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Pike Sand 
 
 Pine Mountain, 
 
 Black Shale on 
 
 St. Louis on 
 
 Waverly on 
 
 Pocono 
 
 Portsmouth well 
 
 PAGE 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 34 
 
 9,14,15 
 
 ..... v 51 
 
 51,53 
 
 ...... 204 
 
 206 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 24 
 
 17 
 
 32 
 
 12 
 
 9, 14, 15 
 
 11,13 
 
 13 
 
 .....10,14, 15 
 
 ...... 140 
 
 ...... 23 
 
 ...... 16 
 
 8,16,48 
 
 ...... 37 
 
 56 
 
 41 
 
 ...... 43 
 
 ...... 11,13 
 
 31,47 
 
 26 
 
 ....29, 30, 31 
 94-97, 180-182 
 ...... 45 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 ...... 75 
 
INDEX. 
 
 229 
 
 Powell County, page 
 
 Berea Grit in .................... 49 
 
 Black Shale in 33 
 
 Corniferous in 35, 36 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 St. Louis in 29 
 
 Well records 66-69, 156-157 
 
 Pressure 23 
 
 Production, 
 
 Gas in Kentucky. 205 
 
 Oil in Kentucky 204 
 
 Pulaski County, Hudson in 39 
 
 Pulaski County well 106 
 
 Ragland field 21 
 
 Ragland Sand 51, 52 
 
 Reservoir 17 
 
 Rockcastle County, 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Rock Pressure 
 
 47 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 29 
 
 106 
 
 23 
 
 Rowan County, 
 
 Berea Grit in 48, 49 
 
 Niagara in 37 
 
 St. Louis in 29 
 
 Well records 62 
 
 Russell County, 
 
 Black shale in 
 
 Hudson in , 
 
 Trenton in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Salt Sand 
 
 Salt Water 
 
 Section 
 
 In Bath County 
 
 Estill County 
 
 At Irvine 
 
 In Lewis County ... 
 
 Slickford Sand 
 
 Southeastern Kentucky, 
 
 Conglomerate in 
 
 Corniferous in 
 
 Trenton in 
 
 33 
 
 39 
 
 42 
 
 ,124, 125 
 45 
 22 
 
 52 
 
 70 
 
 54 
 
 49 
 
 . 32,56 
 
 26 
 
 35 
 
 41 
 
230 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Southern Kentucky, 
 
 Hudson in . 39 
 
 Waverly in 32 
 
 Squaw Sand 46, 47 
 
 Stray Sand 32, 56 
 
 Strike lines 22 
 
 Structure 18, 21 
 
 Sunnybrook Sand 44, 57 
 
 St. Louis Limestone 28 
 
 At Ashland 29 
 
 In Bath County 29 
 
 Boyd County 30 
 
 Breckenridge County 30 
 
 Carter County 29 
 
 Clinton County 30 
 
 At Cumberland Gap 30 
 
 In Estill County 29 
 
 Floyd County 29, 30 
 
 Greenup County 29 
 
 Hart County 30 
 
 At Huntington . 29 
 
 In Jackson County 29 
 
 Lawrence County 29, 30 
 
 Magoffin County 29, 30 
 
 Martin County 29, 30 
 
 Meade County 30 
 
 Menefee County 29 
 
 Montgomery County 29 
 
 Morgan County 29, 30 
 
 On Ohio River 29 
 
 Oil and gas in 30,31 
 
 In Pike County 29, 30 
 
 On Pine Mountain 29 
 
 In Powell County 29 
 
 Rockcastle County 29 
 
 Rowan County 29 
 
 Western Kentucky . .' 29,30 
 
 Whitley County 30 
 
 Wolfe County 29, 30 
 
 Tell City well 138 
 
 Transportation 
 
 Of gas 207 
 
 Of oil 206 
 
 Trenton Group 40 
 
 In Central Kentucky 41, 43 
 
INDEX. 
 
 At Cincinnati 
 
 In Cumberland County . . 
 On Cumberland River . . . 
 
 At Ironton 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Louisville 
 
 Owensboro 
 
 As Producers 
 
 In Russell County 
 
 Section of 
 
 In Southeastern Kentucky 
 
 Thickness of 
 
 In Wayne County 
 
 Trenton Sands 
 
 Wages Sand 
 
 Waldron Shale 
 
 Warfield, anticline at 
 
 Warfield well 
 
 Warren County, 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Gas sands 
 
 Hudson in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 Well record 
 
 Water Lime 
 
 Waverly Group 
 
 Area of 
 
 In Barren County 
 
 Bath County 
 
 Boyle County 
 
 Breckenridge County 
 
 Bullitt County 
 
 Clinton County 
 
 Eastern Kentucky 
 
 Fleming County 
 
 Garrard County 
 
 Greenup County 
 
 Hart County 
 
 Lewis County 
 
 Lincoln County 
 
 Meade County 
 
 Oil sands in 
 
 Outcrop of 
 
 On Pine Mountain 
 
 In Southern Kentucky . . 
 
 Warren County 
 
 Western Kentucky . . . 
 
 231 
 
 PAGE 
 
 41 
 
 43 
 
 42 
 41 
 41 
 41 
 41 
 
 44 
 42, 43 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 40 
 
 42 
 58 
 46 
 37 
 21 
 
 21, 31 
 
 34 
 
 32 
 
 39 
 
 32 
 
 131-133 
 
 53 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 
 , 32,46 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 
232 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Wayne County 
 
 Anticlines in 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Black Shale in 
 
 Clinton in 
 
 Hudson in 
 
 Oil sands 
 
 Trenton in 
 
 Well records 
 
 Webster County wells. . . , 
 
 Well records 
 
 Ashland 
 
 Barren County 
 
 Bath County 
 
 Bourbon County 
 
 Boyd County 
 
 Breathitt County 
 Breckenridge County 
 Burning Springs 
 
 Caldwell County 
 
 Campton 
 
 Carroll County 
 
 Carter County 
 
 Central City, W. Va.. 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Clark County 
 
 Clinton County 
 
 Cloverport 
 
 Cumberland County . 
 
 Estill County 
 
 Floyd County 
 
 Harrison County 
 
 Hart County 
 
 Ironton, Ohio 
 
 Johnson County 
 
 Knott County 
 
 Knox County 
 
 Lawrence County — 
 
 Logan County 
 
 Magoffin County . . . 
 
 Martin County 
 
 Meade County 
 
 Menefee County 
 
 Montgomery County 
 
 Morgan County 
 
 Oldham County 
 
 Pike County 
 
 PAGE 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 47 
 
 33,34 
 
 38 
 
 ... 39 
 
 13 , 32 , 56 
 
 ......... 42 
 
 110,114 
 
 140, 141 
 
 59-203 
 
 ......... 29 
 
 126-129 
 
 52 , 59 - 61 , 143-151 
 
 40 
 
 76 
 
 71 
 
 136-138 
 
 31 
 
 139 
 
 71 
 
 139 
 
 74 , 159-161 
 
 142 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 114 
 
 21,136 
 
 114-124 
 
 ... 58 , 69 , 70,158 
 ... 84 - 93 , 161-179 
 .......... 140 
 
 134,135 
 
 75 
 
 79,80 
 
 97-102 
 
 . 102 - 105 , 182-201 
 ......... 77-79 
 
 134 
 
 72 
 
 28 , 80-84 
 
 50 
 
 ... 62 - 65 , 151 - 15 6 
 
 65 
 
 72, 159 
 
 140 
 
 ... 94 - 97 , 180-182 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Portsmouth, Ohio 
 Powell County 
 Pulaski County . . 
 .Rockcastle County 
 
 Rowan County 
 
 Russell County . . . 
 Tell City, Indiana 
 
 Warfield 
 
 W’arren County . . 
 Wayne County . . . 
 Webster County . 
 
 White Oak 
 
 Whitley County . . 
 
 Wolfe County 
 
 Western Kentucky, 
 
 Chester in 
 
 Conglomerate in . 
 Corniferous in 
 
 Hudson in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Waverly in 
 
 West Virginia sands.. 
 
 Whitehouse oil 
 
 White Oak sand 
 
 White Oak well 
 
 Whitley County, 
 
 Big Injun in 
 
 Black Shale in.., 
 
 Chester in 
 
 Conglomerate in . 
 
 Hudson in 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 White, Report by 
 
 Wolfe County 
 
 Black Shale in... 
 Caney Sand in... 
 
 Clinton in 
 
 Conglomerate in . 
 
 Monocline in 
 
 Niagara in 
 
 St. Louis in 
 
 Well records 
 
 233 
 
 PAGE 
 
 75 
 
 . .CG-G9, 156-157 
 
 106 
 
 106 
 
 62 
 
 124,125 
 
 138 
 
 21,31 
 
 131-133 
 
 110-114 
 
 140-141 
 
 58-70 
 
 107-110, 202-203 
 71 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 29,30 
 
 32 
 
 10,14,15 
 
 46 
 
 58 
 
 70 
 
 47 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 26 
 
 39 
 
 37 
 
 30 
 
 ,107-110, 202-203 
 
 8, 27 
 
 21 
 
 34 
 
 55 
 
 38, 55 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 
 37 
 
 29,30 
 
 71