i4-.gs •• (r**of Su-rLU£c/ 
 
 Press Bulletin Series F<(1 . The on An<| Gas Industry 
 
 STATE OF ILLINOIS 
 DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION 
 
 M. F. WALSH. Director 
 
 DIVISION OF THE 
 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief. Urbana 
 
 No 23 ILLINOIS PP]TROLE UM September 24. 1932 
 
 PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF RESULTS OBTAINED FROM A 
 
 SURVEY OF REPRESSURING OPERATIONS IN THE 
 
 SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS OILFIELD 
 
 By Alfred H. Bell and Frederick Squires 
 
 Introduction 
 
 As a first step in a program of studies looking toward increased recovery 
 of oil in producing fields, the Illinois State Geological Survey, at the request 
 of the Illinois-Indiana Petroleum Association, undertook an investigation of 
 the air and gas repressuring operations already under way in the Southeastern 
 Illinois oilfield. In view of the probability that repressuring operations will 
 be given much attention by operators and engineers, this preliminary sum- 
 mary is being issued before the detailed studies are completed. The geologic, 
 engineering, and economic aspects of repressuring will be discussed in a later 
 more detailed report. 
 
 The Survey is indebted to many oil companies for their generous coop- 
 eration in supplying data used in this report. The field data on repressuring 
 have been collected by Mr. Frederick Squires. Dr. R. J. Piersol, Physicist of 
 the Survey staff, has been consulted frequently during the course of the 
 investigation and has contributed valuable suggestions in the preparation of 
 the manuscript. Assistance in assembling some of the data for the report 
 was given by Messrs. Perry S. McClure and Walter B. Roe, both of the 
 Survey staff. 
 
 Location and Extent of Repressuring 
 Repressuring has been tried on more than 107 leases in the Southeast- 
 ern Illinois oilfield (Table 1, Figs. 1 and 2) of which 77 have yielded in- 
 creased production for one year or more. The repressured leases have a 
 total area of 11,049 acres, of which it is estimated that 3,488 acres have been 
 affected by repressuring. This represents only about 3.6 per cent of the total 
 productive area of the field. Out of the 3,488 acres, increases in production 
 tor one year or more were obtained on 2,548 acres or 7 3 per cent. The total 
 number of input wells was 126, of which 93 were on leases that yielded in- 
 creased production. Out of 613 pumping wells which were affected. 458 
 wells or 75 per cent yielded increased production. 
 
 ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL 
 SURVEY LIBRARY 
 
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IN THE SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS (111. I I i:i I > 
 
 According to reports recently received, repressuring has been in oper- 
 ation on a few leases in the Southeastern Illinois oilfield in addition to those 
 listed in Table 1. but data concerning them have not yet been collected. 
 
 These include the following: 
 
 Lease 
 
 
 Sec. 
 
 T. 
 
 K. 
 
 Tup. 
 
 County 
 
 Lennox 
 
 
 12-23 
 
 10 N. 
 
 4 W. 
 
 Casev 
 
 Clark 
 
 Swenke 
 
 
 23 
 
 7N. 
 
 13 W. 
 
 Oblong 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Spawn 
 
 
 . . .28 
 
 8 N. 
 
 13 W. 
 
 Prairie 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Smith 
 
 
 . . . 3 
 
 1 N. 
 
 12 W. 
 
 Wabash 
 
 Wabash 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 No. 1 
 
 21 
 
 5 N. 
 
 11 W. 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Repressuring Equipment 
 
 The equipment used for repressuring in the Southeastern Illinois oilfield 
 is described in Tables 2 and 3. In most cases it was not designed for this 
 particular work but has been adapted from existing machinery and plants. 
 Many of the compressors (Table 2) were originally used for the extraction 
 of natural-gas gasoline but were later used for repressuring by connecting 
 them with certain wells which were chosen as input wells. In some cases 
 compressors have been used at the same time for the extraction of gasoline 
 and for forcing gas into the oil sand : in others the extraction of gasoline was 
 discontinued when the compressor began to be used for repressuring. 
 
 Because many of the compressors were originally designed for other 
 uses, it is quite probable that some of them are not adequate or are not suit- 
 able for the particular repressuring operation for which they are now used. 
 Many of them however have given satisfactory results. Many additional 
 gasoline plant compressors in the Southeastern Illinois oilfield might at some 
 future time be used for repressuring, or at least for experimentation before 
 new equipment is purchased. 
 
 Many of the engines (Table 3) which drive the compressors also drive 
 other equipment and therefore the estimated horse power used by each com- 
 pressor has been listed (Table 2). 
 
 The concensus of opinion among engineers and operators of repressur- 
 ing plants is that, for several reasons, natural gas is superior to air as a re- 
 pressuring medium, and it therefore seems advisable to use gas in preference 
 to air wherever it is available. This is being done in the Southeastern Illinois 
 oilfield (Table 2). 
 
 For the purpose of obtaining the greatest ultimate recovery of oil, care- 
 ful conservation of natural gas is very important. Thus, the practice of 
 returning the excess tail gases from gasoline plants to the oil sand rather than 
 burning them is to be commended. Even though the immediate rate of oil 
 production may not be materially increased, there is little doubt that a greater 
 ultimate recovery of oil will be made possible. A further and obvious 
 nasnn for conserving gas is for use as fuel in engines. 
 
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON REPRESSTJRING 
 
 Table 2 — Data on Compressors used on Repres- 
 
 (Leases are de- 
 
 Manufacturer 
 
 sH 
 
 o II « II II 
 
 E.SS 
 
 C 
 
 U.E 
 
 Z a 
 eta 
 
 567. 
 
 190 
 
 124.6 
 
 123. 
 
 118.6 
 
 875 
 
 60. 
 
 60. 
 
 567. 
 
 190 
 
 124.6 
 
 123. 
 
 703.7 
 
 180 
 
 146.5 
 
 117.2 
 
 169.6 
 
 240 
 
 47.1 
 
 36. 
 
 301.5 
 
 150 
 
 52.3 
 
 40. 
 
 118.6 
 
 875 
 
 60. 
 
 60. 
 
 71.50 
 
 348 
 
 28.7 
 
 
 992.18 
 
 180 
 
 208.1 
 
 166.4 
 
 1,036.6 
 
 160 
 
 191.9 
 
 192. 
 
 169.6 
 
 300 
 
 58.8 
 
 56. 
 
 804.2 
 
 180 
 
 167.5 
 
 75.3 
 
 567. 
 
 190 
 
 124.6 
 
 123.5 
 
 567. 
 
 190 
 
 124.6 
 
 123.5 
 
 118.6 
 
 875 
 
 60. 
 
 60. 
 
 169.6 
 
 240 
 
 47.1 
 
 36. 
 
 169.6 
 
 100 
 
 19.5 
 
 15. 
 
 169.6 
 
 200 
 
 39.2 
 
 30. 
 
 1,710.5 
 
 180 
 
 356.3 
 
 
 50.26 
 
 100 
 
 2.9 
 
 
 169.6 
 
 200 
 
 39.2 
 
 28. 
 
 567 
 
 
 
 
 567. 
 
 220 
 
 144.3 
 
 143. 
 
 1,330.4 
 
 180 
 
 277.1 
 
 221.6 
 
 1.208.1 
 
 180 
 
 251.6 
 
 200.8 
 
 567. 
 
 220 
 
 144.3 
 
 143. 
 
 169.6 
 
 240 
 
 47.1 
 
 36. 
 
 169.6 
 
 265 
 
 52. 
 
 
 169.6 
 
 180 
 
 35 . 3 
 
 29.4 
 
 169.6 
 
 150 
 
 29.4 
 
 24. 
 
 169.6 
 
 150 
 
 29.4 
 
 24. 
 
 169.6 
 
 250 
 
 49. 
 
 36. 
 
 169.6 
 
 250 
 
 49. 
 
 36. 
 
 567. 
 
 220 
 
 144.3 
 
 143. 
 
 169.6 
 
 200 
 
 39.2 
 
 28. 
 
 703.7 
 
 180 
 
 146.5 
 
 117.2 
 
 3,534. 
 
 180 
 
 736.2 
 
 368.1 
 
 3,534. 
 
 180 
 
 736.2 
 
 368.1 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 21B 
 E 
 F 
 
 J 
 22 
 23 
 24A 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8K & 4^X10 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc Syi & 2^X 5 (P) 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8K & 4^X10 (P) 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 8 & 4X 14 (D) 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X 6 
 
 Kite Gasoline Plant 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 8 & 4X 6 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc Sy 2 & 2^X5 (P) 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 4K & 2X4>£ 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 9K&5X14 (D) 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 10^X12 (E) 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 6 & 3KX6 
 
 Bessemer Gas Engine Co. . . . 8X16 (Dj 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8^X10 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8KX 10 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 5>i & 2^X5 (P) 
 
 Gardner- Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Bessemer Gas Engine Co. . . . 11 & 5^X 18 (D) 
 
 4X4 (S) 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc % l A &4KX10 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8K & 4^X10 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 11 & 6^X14 (D) 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 10K & 6^X14 (D) 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc $X & 4^X10 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6X6 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6X6 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8KX10 
 
 Gardner-Denver Co 6&3X 6 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 8 6s 4X14 (D) 
 
 Clark Brothers Co 15 & 6KX20 
 
 Clark Brothers Co 15 & 6MX20 
 
in THE soi tiikasti:i:n iii.imus oii.i 11:1 i> 
 
 sured Properties in Southeastern Illinois Oilfield 
 scribed in Table 1 ) 
 
 
 
 
 ■o* '?: 
 
 
 Q. = 
 
 £ a 
 'm E 
 
 prei 
 
 LSI ill 
 
 ^ <a 
 
 
 2-T3 
 
 5~3 
 
 .-a . 
 
 PL '- 
 
 3 * « ii 
 
 
 18 
 
 ■ggi ii 
 
 «; II II 
 
 ou<:c 
 
 d 
 
 
 .987 
 
 1 _ 9.424 
 
 177,091 
 
 125,000 
 
 E 
 
 60 
 
 15 
 
 P 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1.00 
 
 86,400 
 
 86,400 
 
 Idle 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 .987 
 
 179,424 
 
 177.091 
 
 125,000 
 
 M 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A-G 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 .80 
 
 210,960 
 
 168,768 
 
 90,000 
 
 M 
 
 200 
 
 60- 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 .76 
 
 6". 824 
 
 5 1 , 546 
 
 20,000 
 
 E 
 
 160 
 130 
 
 15- 
 
 G 
 G 
 
 G 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 .764 
 
 75.312 
 
 57,538 
 
 10,000 
 
 E 
 
 60 
 
 15- 
 
 G& P 
 
 A-G 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 1.00 
 
 86.400 
 
 86,400 
 
 30,000 
 
 M 
 
 80 
 
 16.5- 
 
 P 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 
 41.457 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 .80 
 
 299.664 
 
 239.731 
 
 Idle 
 
 
 
 60- 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 276,336 
 
 2-6.480 
 
 200.000 
 
 F. 
 
 60 
 
 24- 
 
 P& G 
 
 A-G 
 
 11 
 
 54 
 
 .952 
 
 84.662 
 
 80,598 
 
 52,000 
 
 M 
 
 180 
 
 11- 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 .45 
 
 241,200 
 
 108.540 
 
 80,000 
 
 M 
 
 125 
 
 20 
 
 P 
 
 A-G 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 .99 
 
 179.424 
 
 177,629 
 
 30,000 
 
 M 
 
 30 
 
 1 1 . 25 
 
 G 
 
 A-G 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 .99 
 
 179,424 
 
 177,629 
 
 Idle 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 86.400 
 
 86.400 
 
 29.000 
 
 M 
 
 140 
 
 16.5- 
 
 P 
 
 G 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 ."6 
 
 67,824 
 
 5 1 . 546 
 
 17,000 
 
 E 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 .769 
 
 28.080 
 
 21.593 
 
 20,000 
 
 M 
 
 180 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A-G 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 .765 
 
 56,448 
 
 43,182 
 
 28,000 
 
 M 
 
 180 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 513,072 
 
 
 20.000 
 
 M 
 
 65 
 
 15- 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 4. 1~6 
 
 
 2,000 
 
 E 
 
 10 
 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ."14 
 
 56.448 
 
 40,303 
 
 18,000 
 
 M 
 
 300 
 
 15 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 19,000 
 
 M 
 
 120 
 
 30- 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 .99 
 
 207,792 
 
 205,715 
 
 30,000 
 
 M 
 
 100 
 
 40 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 .80 
 
 399.024 
 
 319,219 
 
 30,000 
 
 E 
 
 40 
 
 90- 
 
 P&G 
 
 G 
 
 
 
 .80 
 
 362.304 
 
 289,843 
 
 90.000 
 
 E 
 
 100 
 
 90- 
 
 P&G 
 
 A 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 .99 
 
 207.792 
 
 205,714 
 
 36,000 
 
 M 
 
 220 
 
 40 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 .76 
 
 67,824 
 
 51,546 
 
 15,000 
 
 E 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 74,880 
 
 
 33,000 
 
 M 
 
 75 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 .83 
 
 50,832 
 
 42.190 
 
 27 , 666 
 
 M 
 
 93 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 A-G 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 .816 
 
 42.336 
 
 34.709 
 
 30,000 
 
 E 
 
 115 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 A-G 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 .816 
 
 42 , 336 
 
 34,709 
 
 30.000 
 
 E 
 
 115 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 A-G 
 
 
 
 .736 
 
 70.560 
 
 51,932 
 
 20,000 
 
 E 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A-G; now A 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 .736 
 
 70,560 
 
 51.932 
 
 20.000 
 
 E 
 
 100 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 .99 
 
 207.-92 
 
 205,714 
 
 40.000 
 
 E 
 
 10 
 
 
 G 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .714 
 
 56.448 
 
 40.303 
 
 20.000 
 
 E 
 
 300 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 .80 
 
 210,960 
 
 168,768 
 
 80,000 
 
 E 
 
 75 
 
 60- 
 
 G&P 
 
 G 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 .471 
 
 1,060,128 
 
 500,000 
 
 475.000 
 
 M 
 
 227 
 
 190- 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 21 
 
 116 
 
 .471 
 
 1,060,128 
 
 500.000 
 
 Idle 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON T REPRESSURING 
 
 Table 2 — Data on Compressors used on Repressured 
 
 (Leases are de- 
 
 «h 
 
 Mannfactur 
 
 i: u 5 " 
 -a 5 H £_i! 
 
 fc II II II II 
 
 cc a. Q w « 
 
 ■S'i 
 
 30 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8K & 4^X10 
 
 31 Pattin Brothers Co 9>^&5X14(D) 
 
 32 Worthington 7^ & 3^X6 
 
 33 Gardner-Denver Co 8 & 4X6 
 
 34 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 10X10 
 
 35 Worthington 6>^X6 
 
 36 Bessemer Gas Engine Co. ... 7 & 33/(X10 
 
 37 Kuntz & Smith Co 6X12 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 10X10 
 
 38 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 5X8 
 
 39A Pattin Brothers Co / 10X14 (D) 
 
 Ml \ 8 & 4X14 (D) 
 
 D Gardner-Denver Co 8X6 
 
 40 Gardner-Denver Co 6X' 
 
 41 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 6X6 
 
 42 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 43 Gardner-Denver Co 6&3X6 
 
 44 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 6 & 3KX6 
 
 45 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 6&3>^X6 
 
 46 Gardner-Denver Co 6 & 3X6 
 
 47 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 8K & 4^X10 
 
 48 Gardner-Denver Co 8X8 
 
 567. 
 
 140 
 
 91.8 
 
 91. 
 
 992.18 
 
 180 
 
 206.6 
 
 165.28 
 
 264.8 
 
 250 
 
 76.6 
 
 
 301.5 
 
 150 
 
 52.3 
 
 40. 
 
 785. 
 
 130 
 
 118.1 
 
 117. 
 
 198.8 
 
 
 
 
 384.8 
 
 100 
 
 44.5 
 
 35. 
 
 339.2 
 
 120 
 
 47.1 
 
 
 785.4 
 
 120 
 
 109. 
 
 108. 
 
 157. 
 
 
 
 
 099.5 
 
 180 
 
 229. 
 
 183.2 
 
 703.7 
 
 180 
 
 146.5 
 
 117.2 
 
 301.5 
 
 200 
 
 69.7 
 
 
 169.6 
 
 180 
 
 3S . 3 
 
 
 169.6 
 
 
 
 
 169.6 
 
 200 
 
 39.2 
 
 33. 
 
 169.6 
 
 200 
 
 39.2 
 
 33. 
 
 169.6 
 
 200 
 
 39.2 
 
 37.2 
 
 169.6 100 19.5 18.6 
 
 169.6 225 44.1 35. 
 
 567. 220 144.3 143. 
 
 402.1 160 74.4 74. 
 
 a Actual delivery regulated according to need. 
 
IX Till: SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS OILFIELD 
 
 Properties in Southeastern Illinois Oilfield — Continued 
 scribed in Table 1 I 
 
 SE * B| 
 
 3 J S 
 
 fj ~ " II § S a - ■= S II II £ II H 
 
 .99 
 
 132,192 
 
 130.870 
 
 90,000 
 
 M 
 
 50 
 
 20- 
 
 G 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 .80 
 
 29" . 504 
 
 238,003 
 
 118,944 
 
 E 
 
 60 
 
 60- 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 
 110,304 
 
 
 30,000 
 
 M 
 
 250 
 
 20- 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 .764 
 
 "5,312 
 
 5 -.538 
 
 30,000 
 
 E 
 
 125 
 
 12 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 .99 
 
 170,064 
 
 1 68 . 363 
 
 156.000 
 
 M 
 
 50 
 
 11 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 3 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 36.000 
 
 M 
 
 23 
 
 
 G 
 
 A& G 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 .79 
 
 64.080 
 
 50.623 
 
 12.000 
 
 E 
 
 80 
 
 
 P 
 
 A&G 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 67.824 
 
 
 50.000 
 
 E 
 
 175 
 
 75 
 
 P 
 
 A&G 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 .99 
 
 156,960 
 
 155.390 
 
 10,000 
 
 E 
 
 40 
 
 11.5 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 M 
 
 80 
 
 
 G 
 
 A&G 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 .80 
 .80 
 
 329.760 
 210.960 
 
 263 . 808 
 168.768 
 
 10,000 
 42,000 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 101 
 125/ 
 
 90- 
 
 P 
 
 G 
 A&G 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 
 100,368 
 
 
 24,000 
 
 M 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 P 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 50,832 
 
 
 33,000 
 
 M 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 20,000 
 
 M 
 
 70 
 
 8 
 
 P 
 
 A&G 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 .841 
 
 56.448 
 
 4". 472 
 
 40.000 
 
 M 
 
 75 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 .841 
 
 56.44X 
 
 47.472 
 
 10,000 
 
 M 
 
 70 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 .948 
 
 56,448 
 
 53.512 
 
 51.000 
 
 M 
 
 175 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 . 953 
 
 28.080 
 
 26,760 
 
 20,000 
 
 M 
 
 180 
 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 793 
 
 63 . 504 
 
 50.358 
 
 35.380 
 
 E 
 
 110 
 
 12 
 
 P 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .99 
 
 207,792 
 
 205.714 
 
 40,000 
 
 E 
 
 250 
 
 44 
 
 G 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 .99 
 
 107.136 
 
 106.064 
 
 53.280 E 
 
 7 
 
 
 G 
 
 G 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
10 
 
 PREI.IMIXARY REPOBT OX KEPEESSXJRISiG 
 
 REPRESSURED LEASES 
 
 NO PRODUCTION INCREASE 
 
 GRADE 7 (8 00 TO 1.5. 99 
 BBLS. PER WELL 
 PER DAY FOR 
 FIRST 3 YEARS 
 OF REPRESSUR- 
 ING.) 
 
 RATIO OF BLACK. TO WHITE 
 SHOWS PER CENT INCREASE 
 IN PRODUCTION DUE TO 
 REPRESSURING. 
 
 Fki. 2.— Map showing results of repressuring in Lawrence and Wabash counties, Illinois 
 
IN THE SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS OILFIELD 
 
 11 
 
 Table 3 — Data on Power Engines used on Re pressured Properties in Southeastern Illinois Oilfield 
 
 (Leases are described in Table 1) 
 
 Lease Load in Addition to 
 
 Index Manufacturer Rated At Drive Compressor 
 
 No. H. P. R. P. M. B = Belt V.= Vacuum pump 
 
 (Table 1) D = Direct P = Well pumping power 
 
 1 Superior Gas Engine Co . . . 40 
 
 2 Ingersoll Rand, Inc 20 
 
 Superior Gas Engine Co 40 
 
 3 Pattin Brothers Co 60 
 
 4 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 5 Kite Plant Engine 
 
 6 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 20 
 
 8 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 9 Power from Gasoline Plant. . 
 
 10 Muncie Oil Engine Co 60 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 60 
 
 1 1 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 12 Bessemer Gas Engine Co. ... 20 
 
 13 Superior Gas Engine Co 40 
 
 14 Ingersoll-Rand, Inc 20 
 
 15 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 16 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 1 7 Olin Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 18 Bessemer Gas Engine Co. ... 50 
 
 19 Power from Gasoline Plant . 
 
 20 Bessemer Gas Engine Co ... 25 
 
 21 B Superior Gas Engine Co 40 
 
 F Pattin Brothers Co 90 
 
 Pattin Brothers Co 90 
 
 E Superior Gas Engine Co 40 
 
 J Superior Gas Engine Co 40 
 
 22 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 23 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 24 A Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 B Pattin Brothers Co 40 
 
 C Jones Engine Co. "Acme".. 20 
 
 25 Superior Gas Engine Co 30 
 
 26 Jones Engine Co. "Acme".. 35 
 
 27 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 28 Pattin Brothers Co 60 
 
 »29 Clark Brothers Co 190 
 
 Clark Brothers Co 190 
 
 30 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 31 Pattin Brothers Co 60 
 
 32 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 33 Olin Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 34 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 35 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 36 Superior Gas Engine Co 35 
 
 37 Jones Kngine Co. "Acme".. 32 
 
 38 Olin 35 
 
 39 A Pattin Brothers Co 90 
 
 D Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 40 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 41 Olin Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 42 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 43 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 "44 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 "45 Superior Gas Engine Co 25 
 
 46 Pattin Brothers Co 33 
 
 47 Superior Gas Engine Co . 35 
 
 48 Oil Well Supply Co. "Black 
 
 Bear" 35 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 875 
 
 D 
 
 1 50 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 875 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 
 B 
 
 260 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 875 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 180 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 
 180 
 
 I) 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 1 50 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 160 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 180 
 
 I) 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 180 
 
 D 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 165 
 
 B 
 
 150 
 
 B 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V, P 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V, P 
 
 V 
 V, P 
 
 V 
 
 V, P 
 
 V, P 
 
 V 
 
 V, P 
 V,P 
 
 150 
 
12 
 
 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON REPRESSURING 
 
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I.N THE SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS OILFIELD 
 
 13 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
14 PRELIMINARY REPORT OX REPKESSTJRING 
 
 Results of Repressuring 
 
 General. — The production of 458 wells having an average daily produc- 
 tion per well of 0.73 barrel of oil before repressuring has been increased to 
 1.21 barrels per well per day for an average period of 5.5 years, an increase 
 of 66 per cent. Stated in another way, the 458 wells have produced 1,1 1 1,392 
 barrels during the total period of repressuring; if these wells had continued 
 to produce during this period at the same daily rate as during the year before 
 repressuring was applied, they would have produced only 668,440 barrels. 
 The difference, which amounts to 442,952 barrels, may fairly be said to have 
 resulted from repressuring. Furthermore, the rate of production would no 
 doubt have continued to decline slowly if repressuring had not been applied 
 and therefore the increase due to repressuring was actually greater than the 
 above mentioned figure. 
 
 In order to make a fair comparison between the results of repressuring 
 from leases which have been repressured for varying periods of time, it is 
 necessary to consider the results for a period of standard length. A period 
 of 3 years was chosen as being long enough to give significant results and 
 short enough to include the great majority of the leases ( Figs. 1 and 2, and 
 Table 4). The results in per cent increased production for a 5-year period 
 are included in Table 4 and also for the total period of repressuring. 
 
 The relation between increased rate of production due to repressuring 
 and the previous rate of production for wells of various sizes is shown 
 graphically (Fig. 3). This graph shows that on the average the increase in 
 production in barrels per well per day is not much greater for the larger than 
 for the smaller wells, and accordingly the per cent increase in production is 
 greater for the smaller wells. 
 
 Average results of repressuring for various sands. — The average results 
 of repressuring by years for various sands are shown in figure 4 and Table 4. 
 
 The greatest per cent increase in oil production due to repressuring was 
 obtained in the Robinson sand of Crawford County. 2 A noteworthy feature 
 is the fact that numerous leases have been repressured for periods as long 
 as 8 to 10 years and that the average rate of production during this long 
 period has been held above the rate previous to repressuring. The average 
 volume of air or gas used per barrel of increased production from the Rob- 
 inson sand is 8,000 cubic feet. 
 
 One repressured lease producing from the Biehl sand 3 in the Allendale 
 
 2 For descriptions of the Robinson sand, see: 
 
 Blatchlev, R. S., The oil fields of Crawford and Lawrence Counties, Illinois State 
 Geol. Survey Bull. 22, 1913, pp. 97-98. 
 
 Rich, John L., Oil and gas in the Birds quadrangle, Illinois State Geol. Survey 
 Bull. 33, 1916, pp. 115-116. 
 
 3 For description of the Biehl sand, see: 
 
 Rich, John L., The Allendale oil field, Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 31, 1915, 
 pp. 64-65. 
 
 Moulton, Gail F., Further contributions to the geology of the Allendale oil field 
 with a revised structure map, Illinois State Geol. Survey Report of Investigations 
 No. 7, 1925, pp. 9-10. 
 
IN THE SOUTHEASTEKN ILLINOIS (I1I.F1 KI.I) 
 
 15 
 
 ~ ° °- 
 
 III j 
 
 U°-y 0-60 
 OCtS 
 
 < 
 Z U IT 
 O >" U 
 
 ^ ^ in 0.40- 
 Q I -I 
 
 Oh w 
 o: or 
 
 a- ct cc 
 o< 
 
 OLID 
 
 2» 
 
 0.20 
 
 40 
 
 80 0.80 
 
 
 1 .00 
 
 1.20 1.4 
 
 PRODUCTION 
 
 BEFORE 
 
 REPRESSURI NG 
 
 IN 
 
 BARRELS 
 
 PER WELL PER 
 
 Fig. 3. — Curve showing relation between increased rate of production due to re- 
 pressuring and previous rate of production for wells of production classes 1, 
 2, 3 and 4 (Table 4). Each point represents the average for the wells in a 
 given class, not including those wells which gave no increased production. 
 
 field, Wabash County, gave 5? per cent increased production for a 3-year 
 period. The volume of air or gas required per barrel of increased oil pro- 
 duction was considerably less than the averages for the Robinson and Casey 
 sands. This is probably because the Biehl sand has a more open texture and 
 is richer in oil. 
 
 The average per cent increase in oil production from repressuring the 
 Casey sand J has been considerably less than for the Robinson and Biehl 
 sands (Table 4). The average volume of air or gas used per barrel of 
 increased oil production is 15,000 cubic feet or nearly double that for the 
 Robinson sand. 
 
 Of three attempts to repressure in the Siggins pool (Table 1, Nos. 4, 5, 
 and 6) the first two failed to increase production and the third gave only a 
 slight increase and that only during the first year (Table 4). This plant was 
 continued in operation for 9 years but after the first year of repressuring 
 the rate of production fell below that previous to repressuring. The failure 
 of the Siggins sand to respond satisfactorily to repressuring is probably due 
 to the fact that much of it is "tight" and that it contains many layers of 
 interbedded shale.'"' 
 
 •For description of the Casey sand, see: 
 Mylius, Li. A., Oil and gas development and possibilities in east-central Illinois, 
 Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 54, 1927, pp. 144, 14!), 156-157. 
 ■"'For description of the Siggins sand, see: 
 Lamar, J. E., A study of the core of the Yanaway well No. '■','■', in the Siggins 
 pool, Illinois State Geol. Survey Illinois IVtroleum No. 15, May 12, 1928. 
 
16 
 
 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON REPRESS!' RING 
 
 no jo Nononooad ivonnv 
 
 sisaavg jo sONvsnOHi - nio jo NOiionooaa ivonnv 
 
IN THE SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS OILFIELD 17 
 
 Three attempts have been made to repressure the "Westfield lime" ° 
 (Table 1. Nos. 1. 2, 3) but all tailed to increase production. It seems prob- 
 able that fissures and joints in the limestone which is the producing forma- 
 tion of this pool permit the air to bypass without moving any oil. 
 
 Only one attempt to repressure the Kirkwood and Tracey sands (Table 
 1, No. 47 ) has come to the Survey's attention during this investigation and 
 this failed to increase production. No repressuring appears to have been 
 attempted on the Bridgeport, Buchanan, McClosky, "(las" or "stray" sands 
 in Lawrence County. 
 
 ( )PPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER IvEl'RESSURING 
 
 As mentioned above only about 3.6 per cent of the area of the South- 
 eastern Illinois oilfield has been repressured. The sand which has given the 
 greatest average per cent increase in production in the past, namely the Rob- 
 inson sand of Crawford County, seems to offer considerable opportunity for 
 successfully extending repressuring operations. However, in considering the 
 advisability of undertaking repressuring in any given area due regard should 
 be given to local conditions. Attention is called to the fact that certain leases 
 which failed to give increased production are intermingled with others which 
 gave good increases. Some of these failures may have been due to local sand 
 conditions, others to the fact that the equipment used was inadequate. 
 
 The Bridgeport sand of Lawrence County is probably to be correlated 
 with the Robinson sand of Crawford County. 7 This suggests that conditions 
 in the Bridgeport sand may also be favorable to repressuring. 
 
 The excellent results from one repressured lease ( No. 48, Fig. 2 and 
 Tables 1 and 4) producing from the Biehl sand suggest that good results 
 are to be expected from extending repressuring in the Allendale fields. How- 
 ever the extreme variability in the local sand conditions in these fields will no 
 doubt cause great variation in the response to repressuring. 
 
 The results of all the attempts to repressure in the Westfield and Siggins 
 pools do not encourage undertaking further attempts in these pools. The 
 single attempt to repressure the Kirkwood and Tracey sands, however, should 
 not be considered as condemning the possibilities of the repressuring of these 
 sands in the large area in which they are productive. 
 
 'For description of the Westfield lime, see: 
 Mylius, L. A., op. cit., pp. 124-126. 
 Blatchlev, R. s.. < >p. cit., p. n:S, PI. III-IS. 
 
18 PRELIMINARY REPORT OX REPRESSURING 
 
 Method of Determining Per Cent Increase in Production Due to 
 
 Repressuring 
 
 Production records by leases and by years were used as the basis for 
 determining per cent increases in production clue to repressuring (Table 4). 
 
 The majority of the production records received were gross, that is, they 
 include both the working interest and the royalty interest. For those which 
 were supplied in the form of working interest, the necessary calculation was 
 made to obtain the gross production. Gross production is used throughout 
 this report. The production records in most cases show a slow but stead) 
 decline for several years before the repressuring was applied, then a more or 
 less sudden rise due to repressuring which may continue for some years. 
 
 The year before the first noticeable rise in annual production due to 
 repressuring is here called the "zero'' year of repressuring for the lease con- 
 cerned (Table 4). As repressuring operations were usually not begun until 
 well along in any given calendar year, the effects in increased annual pro- 
 duction were usually not appreciable until the following calendar year because 
 it ordinarily takes several months for the air or gas to travel through the 
 sand from the input well to the nearest producing wells. In these cases the 
 "zero" year is the year that repressuring was begun but in other cases it is 
 the year previous to the beginning of repressuring. 
 
 On many of the repressured leases only part of the wells have been 
 affected by repressuring. In order to approximate the production of the 
 affected wells it was assumed ( in the absence of production records by in- 
 dividual wells ) that the wells were all equally productive. Errors introduced 
 by this assumption would tend to be compensating rather than cumulative 
 when large numbers of wells are considered. The production of the affected 
 wells in the zero year was obtained by multiplying the total production of the 
 lease by a fraction in which the numerator is the number of the affected wells 
 and the denominator the total number of producing wells. Thus if a lease 
 has 9 producing wells of which 5 were affected by repressuring, the produc- 
 tion of the repressured wells for the zero year was taken as 5 !» of the total 
 production of the lease. 
 
 The increase due to repressuring for any given year was found by sub- 
 tracting the total production of the lease for the zero year from that for the 
 year in question. The per cent increase was then obtained by dividing this 
 number by the production of the affected wells for the zero year and multi- 
 plying by 100. The per cent increase due to repressuring for a period of 
 years, for example 3 years, was obtained by adding the increases in barrels 
 for the ."> years and dividing by 3 times the zero year production of the 
 affected wells, then multiplying by LOO. The increases for groups of leases 
 and for all the leases producing from each sand were found by first adding 
 the increases in barrels by years and making the same calculation as for the 
 individual leases. 
 
IN THE SOUTHEASTERN ILLINOIS OILFIELD 19 
 
 Classification of Leases According to Production 
 
 In order to avoid revealing individual production figures and at the same 
 time to give sufficient information to permit the oil operator to distinguish 
 between those leases whose production per well is above the economic limit 
 and those which are obviously non-commercial, the leases have been classified 
 according to average production per well per day (Table -f ). Thus if a lease 
 is classified as class :! in the "zero" year it means that in that year the average 
 production per well per day was somewhere between 0.50 and 0.99 barrels 
 of oil. If the same lease is classified as class 4 for the first three years of 
 repressuring it means that the average production per well per day for the 
 three year period was between 1.00 and 1.99 barrels. 
 
20 
 
 PRELIMINARY REPORT OX REPKESSURING 
 
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22 
 
 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON REPRESSIRINC, 
 
 CL, 
 
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