I-f&b o o. 377 JAN 1 5 199 3 U61 _0-1096 Crop Yields From Illinois Soil Experiment Fields in 1931 Together With a General Summary for the Rotation Periods Ending in 1931 By F. C. BAUKR UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 382 LOCATION OF THE THIRTY EXPERIMENT FIELDS FROM WHICH RESULTS ARE PRESENTED IN THIS BULLETIN Urbana, Illinois July, 1932 Publications in the Bulletin series report the results of investigations made by or sponsored by the Experiment Station Crop Yields From Illinois Soil Experiment Fields in 1931 Together With a General Summary for the Rotation Periods Ending in 1931 By F. C. BAUER, Chief, Soil Experiment Fields VARIATION in crop-producing power is an outstanding char- acteristic of soils. Not only are variations evident among soils in different locations, but they are to be found also on the same soil in different seasons. Frequently they are quite marked, assuming with some soils a gradual downward trend, with others, a gradual trend upward. Knowledge of the causes of these natural variations and the means of controlling them obviously becomes of fundamental impor- tance in the successful management of farm lands. Indeed the best use of such lands will depend to a large extent on the knowledge that farm- ers possess concerning their soils and the effects of the cropping and treatment practices they use. Broadly speaking, farmers are interested in the simplest management practices that will give them the most profitable yields. Soil management and treatment practices properly employed can do much to reduce variation in soil productivity and to uncover latent productivity that may exist. No single system of management or treat- ment, however, can be expected to give the best results on all soils. Neither can an effective system at a particular time be expected to give the best results on a particular soil for all time to come. Systems of management and treatment must be adapted to the widely differing nature of soils. In order to test the effectiveness of different systems of soil treat- ment on the yield of farm crops, the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station for a number of years has conducted field investigations in many sections of the state on extensive soil types varying widely in productiveness. Some investigations along this line have been in prog- ress at Urbana since 1876; the first of the present outlying soil ex- periment fields were established in the fall of 1901. Some of the orig- inal fields are still in operation ; some have been abandoned at one time or another for various reasons. During the crop season of 1931 thirty of these fields were in operation. The complete records from all the Illinois soil experiment fields up to and including 1924 were reported in Bulletin 273. Subsequent 227 228 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, results have been reported annually in Bulletins 280, 296, 305, 327, 347, and 370. The present bulletin is a continuation of this series. In these publications the crop yields have been presented as a matter of record without comment or discussion. In order, however, to give a better picture of the results as a whole, a general summary for the last rota- tion period has been included in the last two publications. A similar summary for all rotation periods ending in 1931 is included as Part I of this bulletin. The annual crop yields for 1931 are presented in Part II. A new feature, presented in Part II, is an acre-yield average of all crop-yield data on each field for each treatment presented in terms of pounds per acre. These figures will enable the reader to readily de- termine the influence of any particular treatment in terms of all crops as well as for individual crops separately. An index to fertilizer and treatment materials which will enable the reader to find readily the results obtained for any particular fertilizer has also been added in this publication (pages 244 and 245). Explanation of Symbols The following symbols are used to denote the soil treatments applied: = No treatment rP = Rock phosphate M = Manure sP = Superphosphate R = Crop residues bP = Bone phosphate Le = Legume catch crop S = Flowers of sulfur L = Limestone N = Nitrogen K = Potash ( ) = Tons KC1 = Muriate of potash The crop residues are chiefly cornstalks and sweet clover plowed down as a green manure. In some cases the second crop of clover and other legume residues have also been plowed down. When legumes are used as a catch crop, they are seeded in small grain to be plowed down the following year for succeeding crops. All yields except those in parentheses indicate acre-yields in bush- els; the yields in parentheses indicate acre-yields in tons. Soil Groups Represented 1 The results reported on pages 246 to 278 are for individual fields arranged alphabetically rather than by location or by soil types. The general character of the soils represented by these fields is indicated by the following classification, The dates given indicate the years in which the various fields were established. 'This classification was prepared by Dr. R. S. Smith, Chief in Soil Physics and Soil Survey. 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 229 Group Location Year No. Description of soil of field established 1 Dark soils with heavy, noncalcareous subsoils Semimature Bloomington 1902 I Aledo 1910 v , I Hartsburg 1911 Youn & ) LaMoille 1910 I Minonk 1910 2 Dark soils with impervious, calcareous subsoils Young (due to erosion) Joliet 1914 3 Dark soils with noncalcareous subsoils Semimature Urbana 1876 Young Kewanee 1915 4 Dark soils with open, noncalcareous subsoils S-imature { Young McNabb 1907 5 Dark soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils I Carthage 1911 Semimature i Clayton 191 1 1 Lebanon 1910 Mature Carlinville 1910 7 Gray soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils Old (moderately well drained) { gjj n g g I Newton 1912 R 1' h 1910 Toledo 1913 Old (very poorly drained; slick spots numerous) Sparta 1916 8 Yellow soils with noncalcareous subsoils ( Enfield 1912 Mature \ Unionville 1911 I West Salem 1912 9 Brownish yellow soils with open, noncalcareous subsoils Semimature (due to sedimentation and erosion) Springvalley 1915 11 Brownish yellow soils with calcareous subsoils Young Antioch 1902 14 Sandy loams and sands Mature Palestine 1919 Semimature Oquawka 191 5 16 Hilly land Mature.. Elizabethtown 1917 230 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, PART I. SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR SOIL TREAT- MENTS FOR ROTATION PERIODS ENDING IN 1931 FROM the summaries on the following pages the reader can get a clearer conception of the influence of soil treatments upon the Illinois soil experiment fields than he can obtain by studying each field or each year independently. A very condensed form is used. The crop yields for a rotation period have been averaged and converted to money values. These money values have in turn been reduced to an annual acre-basis. For a four-year rotation this procedure condenses 16 different crop yields into one figure. Such figures make it possible to see at a glance the relative effect of any particular treatment for the rotation period. The crop prices on which these figures are based were the after- harvest prices of crops on Illinois farms as reported by the government. Each year's crop yields were figured at the prices for that particular year before the average was computed. An average of these prices for the four-year period ending in 1931, which may be of interest to the reader, gives the following figures: corn, 59 cents; oats, 30 cents; wheat, 87 cents a bushel; mixed hay, $10.80; clover hay, $12.80; and alfalfa, $16.40 a ton. Where deductions were made for the cost of the treatment applied, crop residues were figured as costing 75 cents an acre annually, and the manure, limestone, rock phosphate and kainit at 75 cents, $3, $15, and $30 a ton respectively. Under average conditions, these prices should cover the cost of application as well as purchase. With these explanations, attention is directed to the facts brought out in the following tables and text. Productivity Levels of Illinois Soils The natural productivity of Illinois soils varies greatly. This is evident from the results obtained from untreated land on the twenty- nine soil experiment fields listed in Table 1. The annual acre- value of the crops grown during the last rotation ranged from $2.34 at Eliza- bethtown to $33.99 at McNabb, a difference of more than 1,350 percent. These values for the other fields are distributed more or less regularly between these two extremes. If these values are correlated with the soil groups mentioned on page 229, some interesting relationships be- come apparent. The dark-colored soils, for instance, are on the average about five times as productive as the light-colored soils. Among the dark-colored soils, those having heavy, noncalcareous subsoils tend to be the most productive and those with impervious, noncalcareous sub- 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 231 TABLE 1. UNTREATED LAND: VALUE OF ALL CROPS GROWN ON UNTREATED LAND OF EACH FIELD (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1931) Rank Field Value 1 McNabb.. ..$33.99 2 Aledo 26 . 23 3 LaMoille 24.92 4 Kewanee 23 . 87 5 Dixon 23.36 6 Springvalley 22 . 64 7 Minonk 22.15 8 Hartsburg 20.91 9 Mt. Morris 19.87 10 Bloomington 18.92 1 1 Carthage 18.18 12 Clayton 18. 12 13 Joliet 15 . 33 14 Antioch 15 . 25 15 Carlinville 14. 61 16 Palestine 14.33 17 Lebanon 12.81 18 Oquawka 10.80 19 Oblong 7.54 20 Toledo 7. 22 21 Enfield 5.13 22 Odin 4.34 23 Sparta 4.31 24 Unionville 3.97 25 Newton 3.93 26 Raleigh 3.18 27 Ewing 2.90 28 West Salem 2.62 29 Elizabethtown 2 . 34 soils the least productive. The sandy soils occupy an intermediate position, and the old, very poorly drained soils with impervious, non- calcareous subsoils occupy the lowest positions. Response to Manure Is 'Variable In livestock systems of farming, the amount of manure that can be produced and returned to the soil depends upon the productiveness of the soil. If manure is composed of 75 percent moisture and 25 percent dry matter, and it is assumed that one-third of the produce grown is sold and two-thirds fed, and that one-fifth of the manure is lost before it can be returned to the land, then for every pound of produce grown, one pound of manure can be returned to the soil. When manure was applied to the respective experiment fields on this basis, the amount returned annually per acre, when no supplementary treatments were used, ranged from about y ton on the least productive soils to 3^4 tons on the more productive soils, as may be seen from an inspection of Table 2. With supplementary treatments consisting of either lime- stone, or limestone and phosphates, the amount of manure returned to 232 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, TABLE 2. MANURE: AMOUNTS APPLIED TO SOIL IN THREE SYSTEMS OF LIVESTOCK FARMING AND RETURNS FROM IT WHEN USED ALONE (For rotation periods ending in 1931) Amounts applied annually per acre Value when used alone Rank Fields With With lime- Annual Alone limestone stone and Ton acre phosphate value value tons tons tons 1 Oquawka 1.34 2.09 2.08 16.31 $8.46 2 Clayton 2.36 2.99 3.05 3.56 8.39 3 Dixon 2.81 3.13 3.16 2.81 7.89 4 Springvalley . 2.65 2.80 3.07 2.61 6.93 5 Aledo . 3.52 3.94 3.92 1.95 6.85 6 LaMoille . 3.79 3.86 3.77 1.76 6.68 7 Kewanee 2.82 2.97 2.93 2.25 6.34 8 Carthage 2.62 3.09 3.31 2.38 6.25 9 West Salem 1.01 1 1.28 1.50 5.33 1 5.39i 10 Carlinville . 2.32 2.99 3.11. 2.31 5.36 11 Lebanon . 2.07 2.60 2.55 2.55 5.27 12 Mt. Morris 2.86 3.41 3.31 1.71 4.89 13 Oblong 1.30 2.32 2.46 3.64 4.74 14 Newton .97 2.01 2.14 4.55 4.41 15 Minonk . 3.52 3.44 3.45 1.23 4.34 16 Joliet . 2.10 2.42 2.75 2.03 4.27 17 Hartsburg . 3.17 3.45 3.42 1.25 3.95 18 Elizabethtown .79 1.63 2.01 4.49 3.55 19 Raleigh 1.00 1.96 2.13 3.50 3.50 20 Enfield .88 1.99 2.16 3.00 2.64 21 Ewing .83 2.29 2.40 3.15 2.62 22 McNabb . 3.46 .61 2.11 23 Toledo 1.00 2.18 2.07 2.05 2.05 24 Sparta .83 1.16 1.18 2.40 1.99 25 Palestine 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.38 1.94 26 Unionville .82 1.30 1.30 1.49 1.22 J Four tons of limestone were applied in 1912. the soil on each field was increased, but the extremes in the range of the amounts applied were not greatly different from what they were when no supplementary treatments were used. The application of manure in the manner described increased the crop yields on all fields. Rather marked variations occurred, however, in the size of the increases on the respective fields. The value of the crop increases where manure was used alone ranged from $1.22 an acre annually at Unionville, on a yellow soil with noncalcareous subsoil, to $8.46 at Oquawka, on a semimature sand soil. In a similar manner the ton-value of the manure ranged from 61 cents at McNabb, on a young, dark-colored soil with an open, noncalcareous subsoil, to $6.31 at Oquawka. The data reveal a tendency for the smaller applications to give the higher ton-values. This is not always true, however, as may be seen from a comparison of the results from the Elizabethtown and Unionville fields. At Elizabethtown an application of about 24 ton an 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 233 acre was worth at the rate of $4.49 a ton, while at Unionville approxi- mately the same amount of manure was worth only $1.49 a ton. In a similar manner 2.36 tons at Clayton were worth $3.56 a ton, but 2.10 tons at Joliet were worth only $2.03 a ton. These results indicate that some soils are more highly responsive to manure than others, and that this difference in responsiveness exists in both the more productive and the less productive soils. Plowing Under Crop Residues Increases Crop Yields On farms where little or no livestock is fed, there usually is pro- duced more or less crop-residue material that may be used for soil improvement purposes. Cropping systems are easily devised in which TABLE 3. CROP RESIDUES: CROP INCREASES AND VALUES OF INCREASES RE- SULTING FROM PLOWING DOWN CROP RESIDUES IN ABSENCE OF OTHER SOIL TREATMENT (Figures represent average annual acre-increases and average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1931) Increases Value of crop increases Rank Fields Corn Wheat Grain crops All crops only bt (. bt t. 1 Bloomington 12 2 13 2 $5 76 $7 17 2 Hartsburg 18 2 3 9 6 66 6 56 3 Minonk 8 6 4 5 4 31 4 26 4 Aledo 6 9 3 6 3 24 3 24 5 LaMoille 6 6 1 3 2 75 2 87 6 Lebanon 11 8 1 3 2 30 2 11 7 West Salem 1 6 2 7 2 07 97 8 Toledo 4 4 2 3 1 87 74 9 Antioch 1 1 6 7 2 86 64 10 Mt. Morris 9 1 2 3 3 04 31 11 Oblong 4 3 1 7 1 27 26 12 Carthage 15 2 4 37 21 13 Oquawka 3 4 7 1 45 07 14 Springvalley 11 9 4 3 53 07 15 Elizabethtown 3 6 1 98 1 06 16 Sparta 3 4 1 20 94 17 Carlinville 6 1 1 06 90 18 Odin 1 4 1 9 1 25 89 19 Dixon 3 8 1 5 97 81 20 Clayton 7 7 4 7 3 33 66 21 Newton 1 5 8 62 61 22 Raleigh 3 1 1 64 55 23 Joliet 2 9 75 53 24 Enfield 2 4 4 66 48 25 Unionville 1 4 1 88 41 26 Ewing 6 3 12 . 02 27 Kewanee 7 6 5 1 2 70 1 28 28 McNabb -4 6 -1 8 -1 94 -4 40 'Residues used in addition to initial application of limestone. 2 Residues used in addition to limestone and rock phosphate. 234 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, the amount of such material available for soil improvement can be greatly increased. The value of such material, as utilized on the soil experiment fields, is shown by the data in Table 3. This material has consisted chiefly of cornstalks, green-manure sweet clover, second-crop red clover, and soybean chaff grown upon the land and plowed down in the absence of other soil treatments. In the early years the grain straws were also returned. This system of soil improvement may be rather effective on some soils and less effective on others, judging from the last column in Table 3. The best results have been obtained on those fields where clover, especially sweet clover, will grow without the application of limestone, such as the dark soils with heavy noncalcareous subsoils. The poorest results on the whole were obtained on the less-productive soils, where legumes grow poorly, if at all, without the application of limestone. Some of the dark-colored soils that will not grow sweet clover without limestone but which will grow good red clover, such as the Kewanee field, do not show high returns for the crop-residues system. This is due, not to the fact that the system has no worth on such soils, but to the fact that in making the comparisons only one clover-hay crop is removed from the residue plot and two are removed from the check plot. This makes it difficult to measure the effects of crop residues on those fields where red clover is grown both as hay and as a residue crop. If the system has worth on such soils, it should be reflected in the grain yields. The fact that the Kewanee field shows increased grain yields in the residue system indicates that the system does have worth on that field. Limestone Essential on Many Soils On most experiment fields 4 tons of limestone an acre were applied when the field was established, in addition to either manure or crop residues. Subsequent applications were made at the rate of 2 tons an acre each four years thereafter until 1923, when all applications were discontinued. The total amount applied to the respective fields ranges from 4 to 10 tons an acre, depending upon the age of the field. On most fields a total of 81/2 tons an acre has been applied, which is equiv- alent to about 800 pounds a year. It will be noted from Table 4 that in both the manure and the crop- residues systems of farming there is a very wide range in the response of the various soils to applications of limestone. It is apparent that some soils are in great need of limestone while others have not as yet developed a great need for it. Such results emphasize the fact that a 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 235 TABLE 4. LIMESTONE: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM LIME- STONE WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO MANURE OR CROP RESIDUES (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1931) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Values Rank Fields Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Ewing $13 15 18 87 35 84 66 64 29 90 72 54 38 24 57 43 99 58 00 28 68 01 47 11 59 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Lebanon ..$10 27 51 47 05 90 57 98 83 82 71 60 56 39 33 02 76 62 92 91 65 83 32 07 88 51 51 73 53 Oquawka 10 Enfield .. . 9 Enfield 9 Clayton .. . 9 Newton 9 Oquawka ... 9 Raleigh 7 Aledo .. . 8 Oblong 7 Ewing . .. 8 Sparta 7 Newton . . . 7 Toledo 7 Palestine ... 7 West Salem ... 6 Sparta . 7 Elizabethtown 6 Elizabethtown . . . 6 Carlinville 6 West Salem . . . 6 Lebanon 6 Mt. Morris . . . 6 Clayton 6 Carthage . . . 6 Mt. Morris . 5 Unionville . . . 6 Unionville . 5 Bloomington . .. 6 Hartsburg 4 Toledo ... 5 Carthage 4 Carlinville .. . 5 Joliet . 4 LaMoille . .. 4 Kewanee T, Raleigh . . . 4 Aledo . 2 Oblong ... 4 Springvalley . 2 Dixon .. . 3 Dixon 1 Kewanee ... 3 LaMoille 1 Odin ... 3 Minonk Joliet .. . 2 Hartsburg . .. 1 Springvalley ... 1 Antioch Minonk definite soil testing program is needed on every farm. Directions for making the necessary tests are given in Circular 346, "Test Your Soil for Acidity." Four-Ton Application of Limestone Has Long-Time Effect When the West Salem field was established in 1912, 4 tons of lime- stone an acre was applied to each of three plots that were originally designed for crop production without limestone. One of these plots has never received any further treatment ; another has received manure alone, and the third has received crop residues only. Similar plots receiving regular applications of limestone were maintained alongside the above plots and continued until 1923, when applications were tem- porarily discontinued. The results obtained from these plots are of considerable interest in connection with the lasting effects of a single application of limestone and the time that may be allowed to elapse before additional applica- 236 BULLETIN No. 382 [.July, tions are made. The results obtained in this experiment are shown graphically below. 700 ^ N ^_ / \ Id to < U (T |OO / ^ 9i .J ( \ s^ u w z 7 1913 14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 '21 '22 "23 24 '25 '26 '27 "28 '29 "301931 INCREASES IN CROP YIELDS FOLLOWING SINGLE AND REPEATED APPLICATIONS OF LIMESTONE, WEST SALEM FIELD, 1913-31 In 1912 a 4-ton application of limestone was made to certain plots in the West Salem field. To one of these plots no limestone was afterward applied. The solid line in the above graph indicates the increases that have occurred in crop yields on this plot in terms of pounds of crops harvested per acre. The greatest increase occurred in 1919, the eighth year, and it is apparent that this one application is still affecting crop yields. The broken lines show the response on two plots where repeated applications of limestone were made up to and including 1923. The crops grown include corn, oats, wheat, and hay in rotation. The single application of limestone steadily increased crop yields until the eighth year. For the two years following, the increases re- mained about stationary. Since the ninth year the increases have grown steadily smaller. After nineteen years, however, there is still evidence of a decided influence from this one application, and if in- creases in yield decline no faster than they have for the last ten years, the influence of the single application will persist for some years yet. The repeated applications of limestone showed little superiority over the single application until about the eighth year, since which time they have given much better results than the single application. These results suggest that a second application of limestone on soils of this character might be delayed until about eight years after the 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 237 initial application. The increases in crop yield for the repeated appli- cations, even tho none have been made since 1923, still show a steady upward trend. Some Soils Need Phosphorus On most Illinois experiment fields 1 ton of rock phosphate an acre was applied in the beginning and 1 ton every four years thereafter until a total of 4 tons was reached. On some fields bone phosphate was applied at the annual rate of 200 pounds an acre until 4,800 pounds were reached. Including all the years of the experiments, rock phos- phate has been applied at about the annual acre-rate of 400 pounds, and bone phosphate at the rate of 150 pounds. The results obtained from TABLE 5. PHOSPHATE: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM PHOS- PHATE WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO LIMESTONE AND MANURE OR LIMESTONE AND CROP RESIDUES (Rock phosphate is used except where otherwise designated. Values represent aver- age annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1931) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Values Rank Fields Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Elizabethtown ..$5 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Bloomington 3 $13 44 Joliet .. 3.38 Bloomington ... 12.35 West Salem . . 2.71 Bloomington 1 . .. 10 01 Newton . . 2 . 66 Joliet . . 7.60 Kewanee . 1 96 Elizabethtown . . 7 53 Enfield 1 73 Antioch 4 . 7 34 Lebanon .. 1.57 West Salem ... 4.22 Carlinville .. 1.47 Kewanee . .. 3.08 Carthage . . 1 . 20 McNabb 2 ... 2 . 69 Ewing . 1 19 Oblong . . 2 56 Clayton 1 12 Minonk . 2 03 Oquawka . . 1.10 Lebanon ... 2.01 Springvalley . . 1.08 Newton . .. 1.99 Oblong . . .76 Raleigh . . . 1 . 93 Aledo .. .61 Carlinville . . . 1 . 85 Unionville . .35 Odin 3 . . 1 69 Palestine - 01 Carthage . . 1 40 LaMoille . . . . 05 Unionville . . . 1 38 Dixon ..-.11 Ewing ... 1.32 Raleigh .. -.12 Palestine 5 . .. 1.22 Sparta . . -.16 Hartsburg . . . 1 . 20 Palestine 1 . - 22 Aledo .82 McNabb 2 - 31 Enfield .76 Minonk . . -.33 Mt. Morris .72 Toledo . . - . 54 Clayton .68 Mt. Morris . . - . 63 LaMoille .58 Hartsburg . . - . 70 Palestine* .56 Oquawka .49 Dixon .38 Toledo . .. -.04 Sparta ... -.27 Springvalley ...-1.35 'Superphosphate. *No limestone. 3 Bone meal. 4 Bone meal over RLK. phosphate over LeLK. "Rock phosphate over LeLK. 6 Super- 238 BULLETIN No. 382 the use of the phosphates during the last rotation period are recorded in Table 5. In general, better results for the phosphates were obtained in the crop-residues system than in the manure system, probably because the manure functioned to some extent as a source of phosphorus. In both systems there are some fields that have given little or no response to phosphorus, probably because the soil has not yet become deficient in available phosphorus or because some other deficiency is of more im- portance than the phosphorus deficiency. These results indicate the desirability of testing the soil for avail- able phosphorus as described in Bulletin 337 of this Station, before making plans to use phosphate fertilizers extensively. Supplementary Phosphate Studies Five experiment fields were modified in 1924 in order to determine whether the manner of using rock phosphate and other carriers of this element would affect the results obtained. Those fields represent five widely varying soil types with respect to both productivity and acidity. The average results for the last rotation are recorded in Table 6. TABLE 6. PHOSPHATE: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM VARIOUS CARRIERS OF PHOSPHORUS WHEN USED WITH LIMESTONE AND WITHOUT LIMESTONE (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1931) . ] Phosphate 1 treatment i Basal :reat- ment Hartsburg (response to lime- stone slight) Dixon (response to lime- stone fair) Aledo (response to lime- stone medium) Raleigh (response to lime- stone high) Toledo (response to lime- stone very high) Rock phosphate Limestone applied None M $1.90 $ .22 $ .66 $1.19 $3.15 None R 1.53 2.35 1.98 1.80 1.72 Light 1 RL -.99 2.13 3.27 3.78 .21 Heavy 1 RL 1.92 1.60 .98 3.30 .86 No limestone Rock phosphate. . R 1.53 2.35 1.98 1.80 1.72 Superphosphate. . R .36 -.15 .24 .45 -.46 Heavy limestone 1 Rock phosphate. . RL 1.92 1.60 .98 3.30 .86 Superphosphate. . RL 1.67 .06 1.23 3.07 -.06 Bone phosphate. . ML .12 -.04 .44 1.33 -.19 Continued rock phos- phate over residual ML 1.63 .12 -.88 2.24 .93 rock phosphate.. . RL .72 1.22 .16 1.37 .90 'The heavy applications of limestone range from 8 to 10 tons an acre, and the light from 2 to 4 tons an acre. 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 239 It is quite evident that none of the carriers used on these fields were highly effective. The results do indicate, however, that the manner of application may have some influence on the responsiveness of the phos- phates, especially when used in connection with limestone. Potash Merits Consideration The potash used in these experiments was applied at the annual acre-rate of 200 pounds of kainit, or 100 pounds of potassium sulfate or potassium chlorid, ahead of corn and wheat. The more productive soils have given little or no response to potash, the less productive soils, the best responses (Table 7). At Minonk, on a highly productive soil, potash was applied at a loss. At Ewing, on a soil of low productivity, good crop increases have been obtained. A careful study of all the experimental data indicates that the favorable results for potash may have been influenced in part by the accompanying treatments. The limestone-sweet-clover treatment espe- cially seems to have increased the effectiveness of the potash on some kinds of soil. TABLE 7. POTASH: VALUE OF CROP INCREASES RESULTING FROM PoTASH 1 WHEN USED IN ADDITION TO CROP RESIDUES, LIMESTONE, AND PHOSPHATE (Values represent average annual acre-returns for rotation periods ending in 1931) Rank Fields Values 1 Ewing $7 . 62 2 Toledo 6. 87 3 West Salem 4. 13 4 Enfield 4 .07 5 Newton , 4 . 05 6 Oblong 3.89 7 Clayton 3.71 8 Raleigh 3 . 36 9 Springvalley 3 . 25 10 Joliet 3.13 11 Bloomington 1 3.02 12 Unionville 2 . 97 13 Sparta 2.84 14 Odin' 2 . 75 15 Carthage 2.69 16 Mt. Morris 1.97 17 Carlinville 1 . 82 18 Elizabethtown 1 . 75 19 Lebanon 1.72 20 Aledo 1 . 58 21 Kewanee 1.58 22 Dixon 1 .49 23 Oquawka 1 . 26 24 Palestine* 80 25 LaMoille 41 26 Hartsburg .15 27 Antioch* - .51 28 Minonk -1.27 Chiefly kainit. *Potassium sulfate. 'Potassium chlorid. 240 BULLETIN No. 382 Net Value of Crop Increases In the livestock systems of farming the naturally less productive soils have tended to give the largest net acre-returns for the various systems of soil treatment (Table 8). In the grain systems of farming such a relationship is not so apparent, some of the more productive fields having given the highest net acre-responses. On the other hand, some of the more productive soils have given little or no net response for any system of soil treatment tried. On the young, dark soil at McNabb, for instance, in both systems of farming, the check plot gave the highest net returns. On a large number of the fields the livestock systems of soil treat- ment have given larger net acre-responses than grain systems. A few of the more productive soils have given much better responses to the grain systems than to the livestock systems. TABLE 8. NET VALUE OF INCREASES FROM MOST EFFECTIVE SYS- TEMS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON EACH FIELD (Figures represent annual acre-values of crop increases for rotation periods ending in 1931 after deducting cost of treatment) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Treat- ment Values Rank Fields Treat- ment Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Oquawka ML $16.32 13.89 12.16 11.69 10.62 10.19 10.18 10.09 9.89 9.33 8.90 8.84 7.75 7.69 7.06 6.31 6.09 6.08 5.81 5.66 5.46 5.33 4.79 3.84 1.70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Bloomington. . . Lebanon RLbPK RL RL RLrP RLrPK RLrPK RL RL RL RL RL RLrPK LbP RL RL RL RL RLrPK LeL RL RL RLrPK R RL RL RL RL RL $12.04 10.37 10.16 9.66 9.63 8.52 8.21 8.05 8.01 6.97 6.75 6.50 6.16 6.09 5.86 5.81 5.68 5.56 5.54 4.73 4.51 4.38 3.51 3.45 2.72 2.31 .69 .09 Ewing . ML Newton ML Aledo Clayton . ML Elizabethtown.. Ewing Enfield . ML Oblong . ML West Salem. . . . Clayton West Salem . . ML Elizabethtown. . Toledo . MLrP . LeML Oquawka Enfield Raleigh . ML Newton Carlinville . . . . ML ML . ML Sparta Lebanon Toledo Sparta Antioch Carthage ML ML ML LeML ML Hartsburg Mt. Morris. . . . Mt. Morris. . . . LaMoille Kewanee .... Palestine Carthage Dixon Joliet Springvalley . . . Aledo . ML ML . ML Palestine Unionville Joliet Carlinville Hartsburg .... . ML Oblong Unionville . ML M . M Minonk LaMoille Raleigh Minonk Dixon McNabb . Odin Springvalley . . . Kewanee McNabb 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 241 TABLE 9. NET VALUE OF TOTAL CROPS FROM MOST EFFECTIVE SYS- TEMS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON EACH FIELD (Figures represent total annual acre-values for rotation periods ending in 1931 after deducting cost of treatment) Livestock systems Grain systems Rank Fields Treat- ment Values Rank Fields Treat- ment Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 McNabb o $33.99 31.88 29.65 29.30 28.82 28.75 28.33 27.86 26.06 25.99 25.30 24.95 22.03 20.55 20.42 19.25 16.86 16.32 15.97 15.58 15.03 12.80 12.43 12.19 11.85 9.01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Aledo . RL $36 33 32 30 26 26 26 26 25 24 24 23 23 23 21 20 19 19 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 10 8 6 6 31 w 71 9ft 81 72 19 00 60 85 82 5ft 25 21 41 50 86 87 93 78 <>9 39 00 41 14 01 63 83 ftft Aledo ML ML M ML ML ML . ML ML ML ML M ML ML LeML ML ML LeML ML ML ML ML MLrP ML ML ML McNabb . Kewanee LaMoille RL LaMoille Bloomington. . . . . RLbPK Clayton Clayton . RL Dixon Dixon . RL Mt. Morris .... Minonk . R Springvalley . . . Carthage Hartsburg . RL Mt. Morris. . . RL Oquawka Kewanee . RL Hartsburg Springvalley . . . . . RL Minonk Carthage . RL Carlinville .... Oquawka . RL Joliet . . . Lebanon . RL Palestine Antioch . 1.1.1' Lebanon Joliet . RLrPK Oblong Carlinville . RL Toledo Palestine . LeL Ewing . . . Toledo . RLrPK Newton Enfield . RL Enfield Oblong . RLrPK West Salem. . . . Ewing . RLrPK Eliza bethtown.. Sparta. . . Elizabethtown . . Newton . RLrP . RL Raleigh West Salem RLrPK Unionville Sparta . RL Unionville . RL Raleigh . RL Odin . RL From the farmer's point of view, however, the net value of crop increases is not of so great interest as the total value of the total crop with the cost of the treatment deducted. The importance of viewing the data from this standpoint is brought out in Table 9. Net Value of Total Yields the Important Consideration Ranked by net values of total crops, the Illinois soil experiment fields fall into quite a different order than when arranged by net value of crop increases. Even tho the net value of the crop increases for soil treatment may be considerably greater on the less productive soils than on the more productive soils, the net value of the total crops produced on the more productive fields is, of course, much greater. This value for the Aledo field is $36.31 an acre, while at Odin it is only $6.66 (Table 9). The Aledo field is located on a young, dark soil with a 242 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, ' heavy, noncalcareous subsoil, while the Odin field is located on a ma- ture, poorly drained gray soil with impervious, noncalcareous subsoil. It is thus easy to see that from the farmer's point of view, the total acre-production is of much greater importance than the percentage in- crease that can be obtained for any particular soil treatment. Some soils, it is obvious, will challenge the most skilful farmer. Changes have been instituted on certain of the Illinois fields in an ; attempt to ascertain whether other crop rotations or other systems of soil treatment than those already tried will make possible a larger net total production. The Important Systems of Soil Treatment An interesting fact about the data recorded in Tables 8 and 9 is < that all systems of treatment employed are represented by one or more fields. On some fields the simplest systems have been the most effec- tive ; on others, the most complicated systems have given the best results. On the gray, yellow, sandy, hilly, and less productive dark soils, the livestock systems were generally of more value than the grain systems, while on some of the more productive dark soils, such as those represented by the Aledo, LaMoille, Hartsburg and Minonk fields, the grain systems were the most effective. The fact that no one system of soil treatment will give the best results in all soils is again emphasised by these results. A study of these fields by rotation periods (data not presented here) reveals further that the most effective system for any particular field changes from time to time, tending to go from the simpler to the more complex. A clear lesson from these data is that farmers must be constantly on the alert if they are to make the most economic use of their soils. Soil Treatment Improves Crop Quality Crop increases do not measure all the effects of soil treatment ; im- provement in quality may also be a factor of considerable importance. As an average of the past four years (1928-1931), corn grown without soil treatment on highly productive dark soils with heavy, noncalca- reous subsoils required 73.3 pounds of ears at husking time to make a bushel of shelled corn containing 15.5 percent moisture, which is the allowance for No. 2 shelled corn. A corresponding figure for the dark soils with open, noncalcareous subsoils, in northern Illinois, is 81.0 pounds, and for the gray soils with impervious, noncalcareous subsoils, in southern Illinois, 90.8 pounds. Interpreted in another way these results mean that for every 100 bushels of corn containing 15i/2 percent moisture taken to market, there CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 243 TABLE 10. EFFECT OF SOILS AND SOIL TREATMENT ON QUALITY OF CORN PRODUCED; Bushels of corn (70 pounds) that need to be husked from the field for every 100 bushels (15^ percent moisture) taken to market (Figures based on results for rotation periods ending in 1931) J2: "33 > J~ 1. t t ^ '% JO 8 .* u tfl Q ^"c sJ i II il Number of crops 32 16 4 8 8 4 24 12 4 ~-< *O tf) \O -H fJ -HO< 3 ^ CN ^ 10 ooooo TJOV r^ vO*5 ooo o o vO O fN t- r> ON \o o *?3SS2 OOOOOv r/> tN O aanay witn im- Heavy non- Impervious Noncalcare- Open non- Impervious loams pervious non- wi Soil calcareous noncalcare- ous sub- calcareous calcareous and calcareous cal treatment subsoils ous subsoils soils subsoils subsoils sands subsoils si t~ Of- O\ Tf OO-^O a o\ oo ro <~o O fS -H ^, ^H t~~ Tf l- VO >O fS CVJ ^- ^H ^, 00 O -^ f5 O -^< i \OO ^gsss VO ^1 PO -H 1/5 00000 O^-f-t^ vO t "-! -< f*) S O Ov t- \O *> CN O O O -^ O\ O 00 \O CQO O O - VO Ov ^ vo 3 !< PJ CM tN ^oooo <~O -H O ooo o o :Cu . ._JJ d^SS :M -- ___ doioiosa; 244 BULLETIN No. 382 [/u/y, must be husked from the field 104.7 bushels (70 pounds per bushel) in the first case, 115.7 bushels in the second case, and 129.7 bushels in the third case. In other words, the corn grown on the most productive soils was drier and better filled out than the corn grown on the less productive soils. Thus the shrinkage between field and market is much greater for corn grown on the less productive soils than for corn grown on the more productive soils. The results from experiments conducted on nine groups of soil dur- ing the past four years will be found in Table 10. In addition to the influence shown to have been exerted on the quality of the corn by the soil itself (see untreated plots), there is also shown the influence of soil treatment in reducing shrinkage losses. For the most productive soils the influence of treatment was relatively slight, chiefly because there was but little possibility for improvement. For the other kinds of soil, however, there was more or less effect, depending upon the natural level of productivity. Thus it is shown that shrinkage is markedly less when corn is grown on naturally productive soils or on soils made productive by treatment. In these tests practically no shrinkage occurred on some land while on others the loss was around 25 percent, or a bushel for every four husked. The importance of these facts is easily recognized. INDEX TO FERTILIZER AND TREATMENT MATERIALS MINERAL FERTILIZERS Lime carriers TABLES Limestone Standard on most fields Comparative tests 17, 33, 49, 71 Nitrogen carriers Ammonium sulfate 44 Sodium nitrate 27, 44, 61, 63, 67 Phosphorus carriers Bone phosphate 11, 12, 13, 14, 22, 30, 34, 37, 39, 51, 53, 54, 55, 60, 66, 70 Comparison of carriers. .. .11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 66, 67, 70 Potassium phosphate 42, 51 Rock phosphate Standard On most fields Rates 29, 34, 37, 50, 59 Fineness 34, 37 Slag phosphate 12, 54 Superphosphate 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67. Treble superphosphate. ... 17, 31, 34, 37, 39, 42 Under-acidulated phosphate 51 193Z\ CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 245 Potassium carriers Kainit Standard on most fields Omaha salts 68, 69 Potassium chlorid 19, 21, 27, 33, 39, 57, 61, 66, 67 Potassium sulfate 13, 14, 53, 55 Shale 68 Mixed fertilizers 0-1^4 .39 0-15-5 21 0-21-9 16 2-14-4 39 5-15-5 18, 21, 31, 40, 66 9-27-9 16 Miscellaneous materials Sodium chlorid 68, 69 Sulfur carriers Gypsum 22, 30, 33, 58, 60, 66 Flowers 58 ORGANIC MANURES Animal manure TABLES Regular applications On most fields Residual effects 31, 41, 46, 62, 65 Crop residues Combinations Standard on most fields Cornstalks 20, 23, 25, 45, 48, 56 Grain straws 23, 27, 42, 66 Green manures Alfalfa 33, 47 Alsike clover 28, 52 Comparisons 26, 28, 33, 47, 52 Hubam clover 11, 12, 28, 30, 38, 41, 44 Red clover 26, 28, 33, 47, 52 Sweet clover White Standard on most fields ; also 23, 26, 28, 52, 55 Yellow 28, 65 Vetch.. ..59 246 BULLETIN No. 382 PART II. CROP YIELDS FOR 1931 Here are presented, without further discussion, the crop yields from all Illinois experiment fields under operation in 1931. The fields, with minor exceptions that are duly noted, are arranged in alphabetical order. TABLE 11 ALEDO FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 100 Second- year corn Series Series 200 300 First- Wheat year corn Series 400 Average all crops (pounds per acre) Oats Stubble clover (Hubam) WEST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 . 62 .1 .2 .0 .8 .1 5 1 4 49.9 74.2 68.2 69.3 51.6 61.7 72.9 74.6 70.4 53.2 15 28 37 35 19 23 34 37 39 18. .8 .0 .7 2 5 2 3 8 64 74 78 77 63 68 69 65 76 71. .1 .7 .4 ,5 4 4 ,1 ,6 6 3 (0 ) (0 ) ( -68) ( .57) 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 318 053 481 394 404 724 170 221 275 528 M . 71 ML . 71 MLrP . 70 0.. 63 R . 69 RL . 77 RLrP . 78 RLrPK . . 77, 67 EAST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL. . . 65 ,7 5 9 8 2 8 1 5 6 3 62.8 72.7 72.5 70.6 57.1 65.5 67.6 72.5 71.4 71.4 26 29. 38. 40. 23. 26. 41. 40. 41. 32. 5 2 7 8 8 3 8 7 58. 77. 76. 80. 71. 74. 82. 62. 75. 69. 8 2 3 3 1 2 5 9 1 (0 ) (0 ) ( -60) ( -54) 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 667 987 422 446 682 917 303 200 279 054 MrP . 65 MLbP . 65 MLrP . 66. RsP.. 68. RrP . 71. RLsP 77. RLrP . 77. RLrPK. . 74. RLrP n 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 12. ALEDO FIELD: PHOSPHORUS EXPERIMENT Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat 247 Serial Series 500 ji.1 .1 Series 600 plot No. Soil treatment Corn Soil treatment Corn 1 R. . 64.7 R... 64.4 2 RbP .. 72.0 RsP 71.1 3 RLbP 71.4 RLsP .. 71.2 4 RL . . 72.6 RL . . 67.3 Series 700 Series 800 Soil treatment Corn Soil treatment Corn 1 R 63.5 R 62.5 2 RrP . . 70.9 R, slag P .. 67.3 3 RLrP . . 69.3 RL, slag P. . . . . 66.5 4 RL . . 69.4 RL . . 70.3 TABLE 13. ANTIOCH FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Plot No. Soil treatment 1 Corn Plot No. Soil treatment 1 Corn 1 0. . 23.9 6 LRbP... 16.5 2 LrP . . 23.7 7 LRK .. 18.0 3 LRrP . . 24.7 8 LKbP .. 16.7 4 LbP . . 18.2 9 LRKbP .. 26.4 5 LKrP .. 16.9 10 RKbP .. 30.0 TABLE 14. BLOOMINGTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat p, NORTH HALF SOUTH HALF No> Soil treatment 1 Wheat Soil treatment 1 Wheat 1 R. . 34 2 . 21.0 2 RLbP. . 48 8 RL .. 19.3 3 RLrP 42 7 RLsP .. 47.2 4 RLbP . 45.8 RLbP .. 44.2 5 RLKrP . 40.5 RLKsP .. 47.5 6 RLbP... 43.3 RLbP. . . 41.5 7 RLKrP . 41.7 RLKsP .. 47.5 8 RLKbP . 42 7 RLKbP .. 39.0 9 RLKbP . 42 2 RLKbP .. 44.0 10 RKbP . 42 5 RKbP .. 45.8 11 RrP . 42.2 RsP .. 49.0 'Potassium applied as potassium sulfate. 248 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 15. CARLINVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa Serial plot Soil treat me No. Series 100 Series 200 Corn Series 300 Oats Series 400 Wheat Average all crops (pounds per acre) ;nt Volun- teer wheat Stubble hay (cl.-alf.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 5, 5 8 7 8 4 .2 .5 .1 .3 ( -01) ( -08) ( -35) ( -30) ( -06) ( -06) ( -26) ( -30) ( -33) ( -03) 23. 15 8 4 13 10 11 11 6 20 7 9 9 .1 9 .2 .5 .7 .2 63. 78 81 79 67 70 80 84 88 69 8 3 6 5 ,5 3 ,5 .1 .3 .8 25. 36 44. 43 26 23 32 41 38 26 6 4 2 8 .5 2 8 9 8 6 1 310 1 596 1 948 1 870 1 267 1 246 1 740 1 993 1 909 1 424 M 10 ML 23 MLrP 23 7 R 10 RL 21 RLrP 25 RLrPK.. 24 .... 11 TABLE 16 CARLINVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Average Series Series all crops 500 600 (pounds Wheat Corn per acre) 23.0 9-27-9 38.8 0-21-9 38.0 41.2 9-27-9 46.7 0-21-9... 40.8 35.9 39 44. 0. 38.8 37.6 42.3 39.9 48.0 695 277 378 303 584 342 509 Note. In the beginning, Series 500 and 600 were left unplotted. A rotation of wheat and red clover was planned for one of these series for a period of six years, while alfalfa grew on the other for an equal time, after which the alfalfa was to be shifted. Prior to 1921 these plots had each received a total of 12 tons of manure, 8% tons of limestone, 3 tons of rock phosphate, and approximately 2,500 pounds of kainit an acre. In 1921 these two series were plotted, and, until 1929, were cropped somewhat irregularly without additional fertilization. In 1929 a rotation of corn and wheat (sweet clover) was planned. Fertilizers are being applied as follows: commercial 9-27-9 to Plots 2 and 5, 100 pounds an acre for corn and 150 pounds an acre for wheat; commercial 0-21-9 to Plots 3 and 6, 125 pounds an acre for corn, and 200 pounds an acre for wheat. 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 249 TABLE 17. CARLINVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Series 700 Serial plot - No. Soil treatment 1 Series 800 Corn Soil treatment 1 Corn 1 LeL (1,000) 42.5 2 LeL (4,000) 40.8 3 LeL (2,000) 39.9 4 LeL (2,000), treble sP 39 . 5 5 LeL (2,000), sP 41.2 6 LeL (2,000), rP 37.6 7 L (2,000) 37.6 LeL (5,000) 36.6 LeL (20,000) 31.1 LeL (10,000) 42.9 LeL (10,000), trebles?... 43.1 LeL (10,000), sP 41.0 LeL (10,000), rP 41.4 L (10,000) 36.1 figures in parentheses denote total amounts of limestone applied per acre since 1921. TABLE 18. CARTHAGE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial Series Series Series Series Average plot Soil treatment 100 200 300 400 all crops No. Corn Wheat Clover Oats (pounds per acre) SECTION A 1 0.. 44 9 11 .3 ( -91) 52 .5 1 673 2 M 72 1 17 .7 (1 .25) 53 1 2 324 3 ML 76 8 19 .0 (1 .93) 57 5 2 785 4 MLrP 77 9 22 .0 (1 .45) 61 9 2 640 5 0.. 48 6 14 .3 ( .72) 52 5 1 675 6 R 58 4 18 .3 ( .89) 53, 8 1 970 7 RL 67 1 20 .3 (1 .50) 54 4 2 430 8 RLrP 67 6 18 .3 (1 .46) 53 8 2 381 9 RLrPK . . 64 ,3 23 .0 (1 .63) 60 6 2 545 10 51 2 15 .3 (1 .10) 59 4 1 972 SECTION B 1 rP.. 43 .9 18 ,7 (1 .37) 59 4 2 054 2 M+rP 62 .7 20 .3 (1 .43) 52 ,5 2 318 3 ML+rP 69 9 22 3 (2 .00) 59 4 2 789 4 MLrP+rP 78 2 21 (1 .46) 61 3 2 630 5 rP... 49 .4 15 3 ( .64) 53 8 1 671 6 R+rP 56 16 ,7 (1 .15) 58 8 2 079 7 RL+rP 70 .9 18 3 (1 .61) 59 4 2 548 8 RLrP+rP 68 .0 22 (1 .75) 51 3 2 567 9 RLrPK+rP.. 68 .8 25 .7 (1 .76) 68 8 2 778 10 rP 46 .7 16 3 (1 .14) 59 4 1 944 250 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, TABLE IS. Concluded Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 100 200 300 400 (pounds No. Corn Wheat Clover Oats per acre) SECTION C 1 sP... 45 ,5 26 ,0 (1 .44) 58 8 2 217 2 M+sP 63 .9 23 (1 .44) 63 1 2 474 3 ML+sP 76 6 24 1 .90) 59 .4 2 852 4 MLrP+sP 76 3 22 (1 .61) 63 8 2 713 5 sP... ... 44 .2 22 ( .76) 62 5 1 829 6 R+sP 55 .9 24 .3 ( .99) 60 2 122 7 RL+sP 67 .6 22 .7 (1 .70) 63 .1 2 641 8 RLrP+sP 67 .8 22 .3 (1 .80) 55 6 2 629 9 RLrPK+sP. . 69 .7 28 .3 (2 .10) 58 8 2 921 10 sP 43 9 23 (1 .21) 58 .1 2 030 SECTION D 1 5-15-5 38.4 31.3 (1.58) 65.0 2318 2 M+5-15-5 56.0 27.0 (1.61) 64.4 2509 3 ML+5-15-5 71.7 25.0 (1.74) 58.1 2714 4 MLrP+5-15-5 67.2 24.3 (1.79) 68.8 2751 5 5-15-5... 43.1 31.3 ( .84) 58.8 1 963 6 R+5-15-5 40.9 28.3 (1.13) 53.8 1992 7 RL+5-15-5 58.8 24.0 (1.81) 70.6 2653 8 RLrP+5-15-5 64.2 23.3 (1.75) 64.4 2639 9 RLrPK+5-15-5.. 64.7 27.7 (1.90) 70.0 2 831 10 5-15-5 42.9 26.0 (1.19) 68.8 2136 Note. For the purpose of studying the relative values of finely processed rock phosphate, superphosphate, and mixed fertilizers when used in addition to different basal soil treatments which have been common to all sections since 1912, these series of plots in 1929 were divided into four sections extending across all plots. Section A receives the basal treatment only. Section B receives the basal treatment plus finely processed rock phosphate, 500 pounds per acre for wheat and 250 pounds for corn. Section C receives the basal treatment plus superphosphate, 200 pounds per acre for wheat and 150 pounds for corn. Section D receives the basal treatment plus a mixed fertilizer: namely, 250 pounds of 5-15-5 per acre for wheat and 150 pounds for corn. All fertilizers to be drilled in for wheat and hill-dropped for corn. 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 251 TABLE 19. CARTHAGE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment Series 500 Corn Series 600 Series 700 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) Spring wheat Stubble hay (sw. cl.) 1 RL. 44.8 9.0 13.0 16.1 15.3 ( -91) ( .91) 48.0 56.9 46.9 47.3 2 284 2 551 1 803 1 710 2 RL, 3 RL, 4 RL. KC1.. .. 49.7 KC1 .. 52.5 .. 48.1 Note. These series were replotted in the fall of 1930 with the plots extending crosswise of the original plots. A rotation of corn, oats, wheat (sweet clover) will be grown. The fall growth of sweet clover will be removed from Plots 1 and 2, but allowed to stand on Plots 3 and 4. The soil treatment is as follows: residues (cornstalks and sweet clover green manure) on all plots; limestone to all plots as necessary for successful growth of sweet clover; potassium chlorid to Plots 2 and 3, 100 pounds per acre drilled with wheat and 50 pounds hill-dropped for corn. TABLE 20. CLAYTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial plot Soil treatmen No. Series 100 Corn 1 Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Clover Series 400 Oats Average all plots (pounds per acre) it " North South 1 0... ..() 48.8 65.7 71.5 73.3 46.8 50.8 51.4 54.4 64.2 45.8 45.8 27.0 31.2 30.2 33.7 28.5 29.4 30.2 35.0 36.5 30.2 26.8 ( -99) (1.34) (3.31) (3.37) (1.02) ( -73) (1.58) (1.81) (2.13) (1.40) (1.18) 43.9 68.9 68.9 80.5 53.4 53.6 60.3 62.3 70.9 51.9 55.6 1 934 2 611 3 661 3 860 2 025 1 944 2 446 2 693 3 079 2 209 2 079 2 M (*) 3 ML () 4 MLrP (*) 5 0.. 47.2 6 R ... 51.2 7 RL 55.2 8 RLrP . .. 57.4 9 RLrPK ... 64.8 10- W Cornstalks. . . . . .. 46.0 10-E . .. 46.0 Worth half of series was plowed on April 15; south half, on May 1. *Plots discontinued because of lack of uniformity due to a draw running across them. 252 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 21. CLAYTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 500 Corn Series 600 Wheat Series 700 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 RL, commercial 5-15-5 ... 64.2 38.0 56.3 2 560 ? RL, home mixed 5-15-5 59.0 34.8 54 1 2 373 3 RL 63 . 6 33.0 38 8 2 260 4 RL, home mixed 0-15-5 71.4 37 55 2 660 s RL, commercial 0-15-0 64 9 37 5 62 5 2 627 6 RL 62 . 8 33.5 51.3 2 390 7 RL, home mixed 0-0-5 69.9 34.3 64.4 2 677 8 RL, commercial 0-0-50 79.2 34.2 58.4 2 787 Note. This land grew alfalfa from 1914 to 1920. From 1921 until 1928 a rota- tion of corn, oats, clover, and wheat was grown. In 1929 these series were laid out and the present rotation (corn, oats, wheat with sweet-clover seeding) was begun. The plan of fertilization is given in the above table: Residues to consist of cornstalks and sweet-clover green manure plowed down on all plots. Limestone to be applied to all plots in sufficient amounts to insure the growth of sweet clover. The additional fertilizers to be applied to Plots 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 at the rate of 375 pounds per acre per rotation: 250 pounds for wheat and 125 pounds for corn. Plot 8 to receive 225 pounds KC1 per acre per rotation: 150 pounds for wheat and 75 pounds for corn. (See opposite page for Table 22) TABLE 23. DIXON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Average Series Series Series all plots Soil treatment 900 1000 1100 (pounds Oats Corn Wheat per acre) L, cornstalks, wheat and oat straw 56.5 48.7 32.3 2 158 L, cornstalks, and wheat straw ... 54.0 51.5 29.0 2 184 L, cornstalks ... 53.2 45.0 28.4 1 975 L. cornstalks burned (ash returned).. . 55.0 48.6 30.0 2 094 L, cornstalks, wheat and oat straw plus sweet clover 51.1 63.3 33.0 2387 L, cornstalks and wheat straw plus sweet clover 49.5 66.6 35.2 2075 L, cornstalks plus sweet clover 54 . 9 60 . 1 35 . 8 2 457 L, cornstalks burned (ash returned) plus sweet clover 59.6 38. 8 1 36.2 2084 Note. These series were laid out in 1924. A study is being made of the effects of returning to the soil cornstalks burned on the ground or disked in for oats. Oats straw is returned as a top dressing for wheat and wheat straw is plowed down for corn. The effects of sweet-clover green manure, in addition to the different com- binations of nonlegume residues, will also be studied. Limestone has been applied to all plots at the rate of 4,000 pounds an acre, sub- sequent applications will be made as necessary in order to grow a normal crop of sweet clover. Each yield given is the average of duplicate tests. 'Damaged by moles and ground squirrels. 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 22. DIXON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat 253 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Clover Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) SOUTH HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 59 6 .5 5 ,2 .4 .3 ,1 .4 .4 .2 26 33 25 26 26 27 28 28 28 23 3 7 7 8 8 2 3 5 (1 (2 (2 (2 (1 (1 (1 (1 (2 .47) .56) .89) .61) .84) .98) .00) .32) .86) .00) 48. 65 66. 68, 53 50 56 51 54 49 4 3 9 8 8 3 6 6 7 7 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 347 337 426 308 544 195 269 273 820 604 M 73 ML 76 MLrP 75 0.. 56 R 64 RL 63 RLrP 55 RLrPK ... 73 o ; 61 NORTH HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL. . 58 .8 .5 .4 .6 .8 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 29 27 31 31 34 31 30 30 30 29 .3 .2 .7 .3 .3 .3 .3 .5 .8 ( -97) (2.62) (2.90) (2.68) (1.01) (1.18) (1.21) (1.56) (1.92) (1.57) 53 68 70 66 56 56 57 55 69 60 ,4 1 6 9 9 .3 .2 6 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 171 224 442 282 259 364 546 534 931 469 MrP 68 MLbP ... 68 MLrP 66 RsP.. 55 RrP 61 RLsP 73 RLrP 61 RLrPK, gypsum 68 RLrP .... 54 TABLE 24 ELIZABETHTOWN FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat, mixed hay, wheat Average Series Series Series Series Series all crops, 100 200 300 400 500 1 Series Soil treatment Wheat Mixed Wheat Corn Alfalfa 100-400 following hay following (pounds hay corn per acre) 0.. 5 1 ( ) 4 2 19.1 ( ) 408 M 9.8 ( ) 12.5 28.4 ( ) 731 ML . . 25.2 ( -26) 34.2 36.6 ( -92) 1 532 MLrP . . 42.4 ( -59) 33.9 37.8 (1.47) 1 969 R. . 2.3 ( ) 4.0 19.7 ( ) 370 RL .. 16.2 ( -30) 10.0 30.9 ( .60) 974 RLrP . . 38.2 (1.22) 30.0 32.6 (1.17) 2 089 RLrPK . . 35.8 (2.11) 22.9 35.1 (1.48) 2 427 'Series 500 is a permanent alfalfa series. 254 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 25. ENFIELD FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Corn Series 200 Wheat Series Series 300 400 Mixed hay Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 . 47 12.1 20.5 34.2 38.8 13.2 12.6 22.8 32.2 40.6 18.2 17.2 (0 ) (0 ) (2.04) (2.31) (0 ) (0 ) ( -89) (1.13) (1.94) ( ) ( ) 27.8 50.5 70.6 71.7 22.5 27.8 55.6 64.8 75.3 42.2 33.1 470 837 2 226 2 459 435 504 1 403 1 790 2 496 734 632 2 M 9.0 3 ML 9.2 4 MLrP 10.6 5 4.0 6 R 6.6 7 RL 12.3 8 RLrP 16.0 9 RLrPK 21.4 10-W Cornstalks 8.9 10-E 7.8 TABLE 26. ENFIELD FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment 1 Series 700 Corn Series 800 Wheat Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1-W L.. 14.1 12.3 765 1-E L 9.7 15.8 747 2-W LrP (2,000), sP (100), sweet clover 13.1 25.7 1 187 2-E LrP (2,000), sP (100), red clover 8.5 26.2 1 023 3-W LrP (2,000), sweet clover 11.3 23.7 1 027 3-E LrP (2,000), red clover 8.5 26.3 1 028 4-W LrP (2,000), sP (200), sweet clover 10.7 27.0 1 110 4-E LrP (2,000), sP (200), red clover 13.1 29.5 1 252 5-W LrP (2,000), sweet clover 9.9 28.3 1 127 5-E LrP (2,000), red clover 7.4 30.7 1 117 6-W L, sweet clover 7.4 30.7 1 117 6-E L, red clover .... 8.5 28.3 1 088 1923. J The figures in parentheses indicate the total applications of phosphates since 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 27. EWING FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat 255 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series Series 100 200 Corn Wheat Series Series 300 400 Mixed hay Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) SECTION A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 sP, KC1. . 28 .8 .3 .0 3 .8 .1 4 8 ,5 15 19 50 45 M 42 39 40 43 12 3 .7 3 3 ,7 3 7 (1 (2 ( (1 ( .20) .27) .81) .04) .28) .30) .75) .09) .85) ) 58 78 98 91 62 81 100 87 80 58 .1 .8 .1 .3 .5 .3 .0 .5 .6 .1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 193 633 206 190 363 024 391 514 402 131 MsP, KC1 41 MLsP, KC1 54 MLrPsP, KC1 54 sP, KC1. . 38 RLsP, KC1 42 RLsP, KC1 44 RLrPsP, KC1 47 RLrPKsP, KC1 . . 50 sP, KC1 34 SECTION H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 KC1.. ... 21 .3 .5 .2 5 8 1 3 6 1 8 8 19 45 54 11 36 39 46 49 10 .7 3 3 3 3 3 7 3 ( (2 (2 ( (1 \ l .23) .37) .19) .58) .28) .22) .64) .05) .42) ) 42 60 99 97 46 70 85 91 80 34 .5 .6 .4 .5 .9 .6 .0 .3 .4 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 893 583 343 676 013 781 182 608 848 772 M, KC1 44 ML, KC1 55 MLrP, KC1 56 KC1. . 23 RL, KC1 40 RL, KC1 42 RLrP, KC1 46 RLrPK, KC1. . 54 KC1 24 SECTION C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 16 6 4 4 8 .2 .8 .1 2 .3 10 19 48. 53 9 10 35 41 51 16 7 7 ,7 3 3 ,7 3 ( (2 (2 ( I 1 .26) .40) .21) .46) .35) ) .36) .46) .31) ) 31 47 95 96 47 46 71 94 91 61 ,3 .5 6 3 .5 9 9 4 .3 .3 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 772 514 418 660 955 779 412 809 915 066 M 46 ML 58 MLrP 61 . 18 R ; 17 RL 9 RLrP 14 RLrPK.. 54 8 P 24 256 BULLETIN No. 382 Uuly, TABLE 27. Concluded Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 100 200 300 400 (pounds No. Corn Wheat Mixed hay Oats per acre) SECTION D 1 NaNO 3 16 s 18 3 ( .38) SI 3 1 106 ? M (residual) 40 3 ?S ( 45) 48 1 1 549 T, ML (residual) SO 3 47 3 (? .13) 91 \ 3 209 4 MLrP (residual) 48 1 S? 7 (2 .11) 98 1 3 303 s NaNO 3 , KC1 78 3 13 S ( .38) S6 S 1 236 6 RL 40 1 34 7 ( .41) 69 4 1 841 7 RL 18 4 39 S < .36) 69 4 1 582 8 RLrP (oat straw) S4 7 4? 3 ( .77) 9S 8 ? 536 9 10 RLrPK (K discontinued).. . NaNO 3 , sP, KC1 47 37 3 4 49 30 .3 .3 (1 .27) ) 88 66 .1 9 2 1 742 476 Note. In order to study the relative values of different methods of fertilization when added to the basal soil treatments that have been common on these series since 191 1, the series in 1929 were divided into four sections extending across all plots. Section A of each plot receives the basal treatment plus KC1 at the rate of 160 pounds per acre for wheat, and 200 pounds for corn; also superphosphate at the rate of 300 pounds per acre for wheat and 150 pounds for corn. Section B receives KC1 as on Section A. Section C continues under the basal treatment except for Plot 10, which receives superphosphate as on Section A. Section D of the various plots is treated as follows: Plot 1 receives 100 pounds per acre of NaNOs as a top dressing for wheat and 100 pounds as a side dressing for corn. On Plots 2, 3, and 4 of this section all soil treatments are discontinued. Plot 5 receives NaNO 3 as on Plot 1 and KC1 as on Section A. On Plot 7 the sweet-clover catch crop is omitted. On Plot 8 oats straw is plowed down for corn at the rate of 2 tons per acre. On Plot 9 kainit is discontinued. Plot 10 receives NaNO 3 as on Plot 1 and KC1 and superphosphate as on Section A. Plot 6 in Sections A, B, and D received a 9-ton application of limestone in 1929. No sweet clover will be seeded on this plot in Sections A and B. TABLE 28. EWING FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Average Serial Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 500-N 500-S 600 (pounds No. Wheat Oats Corn per acre) 1 No clover 28.3 63.0 33.3 1 912 2 White biennial sweet clover 32.5 65.5 29.4 1 898 3 Red clover 33.6 62.0 25.2 1 804 4 Hubam clover 35.2 65.5 29.5 1 953 5 Alsike clover 34.4 66.0 29.1 1 935 6 Yellow biennial sweet clover .... 39 . 7 72.0 29.1 2 106 Note. These series were replotted in 1927 from what were formerly Plots A and B. Prior to 1917 fertilizers had been applied as follows: manure 8 tons, limestone 8 tons, rock phosphate 6,000 pounds, and kainit 2,400 pounds per acre. With the exception of limestone used when necessary to grow the clovers, no more fertilizing materials will be added. A study will be made of relative value of different clovers as source of organic manure in a rotation of corn, oats, wheat (clover catch crop). 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 29. EWING FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat 257 Average Serial Series Series Series all plots plot Soil treatment 700 800 900 (pounds No. Wheat Corn Oats per acre) 1 Le 7.9 33.5 32.5 1 129 2 LeL. . 16.7 28.2 35.0 1 233 3 LeLsP (100) 25.8 22 2 56 3 1 531 4 LeLrP (200) 29.7 28.9 61.9 1 793 5 LeL . . 22.8 43.8 28.1 1 574 6 LeLsP (200) 26.7 37.0 40.0 1 671 7 LeLrP (400) 23 . 8 33.5 68.8 1 835 TABLE 30. HARTSBURG FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Second- year corn Series 200 First- year corn Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Average all plots (pounds per acre) Oats Stubble hay (Hubam) WEST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 . 63 74 75 75, 61 70 70 70 69 59 6 4 5 2 6 6 3 .4 53.7 65.9 71.2 73.1 52.8 69.7 67.8 68.7 67.0 55.6 17. 29. 32. 34. 26. 27. 22 25. 27. 20. 3 7 5 2 5 5 7 5 7 39 64 69 65 45 61 55 53 53 49 4 1 1 9 6 3 3 8 ,1 7 ( -38) ( -46) ( .65) ( .72) 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 405 143 412 479 358 861 718 765 946 318 M ML MLrP R RL RLrP RLrPK. . EAST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL. . 70 67 72 72 67 72 72 72 69 67 .8 .2 .1 5 .8 .7 .5 .5 ' .5 .2 65.7 63.8 71.6 73.1 68.2 69.7 69.5 72.1 67.6 67.2 21 34 28 36 38 34 39 32 33 26 8 3 8 7 3 5 ,2 2 42 67 68 67 54 62 57 55 52 53 .8 .5 .8 .5 .1 .2 .8 .3 .2 .4 ("43) ( .69) ( .64) 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 581 104 340 451 911 009 039 947 834 699 MrP MLbP MLrP RsP. . RrP RLsP RLrP RLrPK, gypsum . . RLrP 258 BULLETIN No. 382 Uuly, TABLE 31. HARTSBURG FIELD (SERIES 500) Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa WEST HALF EAST HALF riot No. Soil treatment 1 Corn Soil treatment 1 Corn 1 70.8 2 M 66.1 3 ML 72.7 4 MLrP 70.6 5 0.. 67.0 6 R 78.2 7 RL 68.5 8 RLrP 68.7 9 RLrPK.... 70.6 10 66.3 11 LeM 58.5 12 LeML 57.9 13 LeMLrP 56.4 14 LeMrP 61.3 15 0.. 56.4 Treble sP 71.8 M + treble sP 70.3 ML + treble sP 74.4 MLrP + treble sP 65.1 Treble sP 73.3 R + treble sP 73 . 5 RL + trebles? 71.2 RLrP + treble sP 68.9 RLrPK + treble sP 69.31 Treble sP 63.4 LeM +5-15-5.. 61.7 LeML + 5-15-5 61.5 LeMLrP + 5-15-5 61.1 LeMrP + 5-15-5 62.1 5-15-5... 58.1 J With the exception of treble sP and 5-15-5 all treatments are residual, the last application being made in 1923. TABLE 32. JOLIET FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, soybeans, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa Series Serial 100 plot Soil treatment First- No, year Series 200 Soy- beans Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Cl.-alf. hay Series 500 Oats Series Average 600 all crops Second- (pounds year per acre) corn corn 1 0.. 33 8 14.2 30.0 n ?0) 58.6 21.6 1 670 ? M 39 1 15.7 29.2 (1 97) 64.7 24.5 2 044 3 ML 41 Q 20.5 36.1 (? ?^) 67.7 26.2 1 306 4 MLrP 40 3 20.4 34.6 (7 09) 65.8 23.5 1, 194 5 0.. 30 4 17.1 24.6 (\ 10) 58.9 21.8 1 584 6 R 32 8 16.5 24.9 94) 60.8 22.4 1 569 7 RL 34 Q 19.6 25.6 (1 16) 54.7 26.0 1 697 8 RLrP 40 ft 22.2 32.0 (? ?7) 73.8 28.1 1 335 9 RLrPK . . . 32 ft 26.8 34.6 (7 ?1) 76.9 23.5 2 287 10 33 3 22.2 25.5 (1 .46) 64.2 23.9 1 840 X 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 33. JOLIET FIELD Rotation: Corn, barley, wheat, legumes 259 Serial Blot Soil treatment 0.' Series 700 Barley Series 800 Corn Series 900 Hay Series 1000 Wheat Average all plots (pounds per acre) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 L, red clover 35.6 25.4 29.4 35.3 23.9 26.6 27.5 29.6 21.8 23.0 24.7 ( -72) (l.H) (1.48) ( -99) (2.03) (3.54) (3.42) (3.66) (1.83) (2.35) (1.16) (1.20) (1.98) 23.3 31.7 26.8 27.3 26.5 36.8 33.2 36.8 29.7 25.5 1 490 1 951 2 122 1 614 2 177 3 215 3 144 3 215 2 132 2 366 2 020 2 090 2 905 LrP, red clover . 42.5 LrP, gypsum, red clover. . . L, red clover . 40.4 . 31.2 L, alfalfa . 32.3 LrP, alfalfa . 42.3 LrPL (8,000), alfalfa . 43.3 LrP, KC1, alfalfa . 44.2 L, KC1, alfalfa . 37.3 L, alfalfa . 34.4 L, red clover 36.0 LsP, red clover . 37.1 LsP, red clover . 38.5 Note. In 1924 the rotation on the minor series at Joliet was changed to corn, barley, wheat, and biennial legumes (red clover on Plots 1 to 4 on all series and on Plots 11, 12, and 13 on Series 700 and 900; alfalfa on Plots 5 to 10). All plots had received limestone at the rate of 5,000 pounds an acre prior to 1924. At that time Plot 7 on all series received 8,000 pounds of limestone an acre. Fertilizers as desig- nated above are applied at the following annual acre-rates: rock phosphate 400 pounds, potassium chlorid 100 pounds, gypsum 100 pounds. These fertilizers are applied twice in the rotation, ahead of the wheat and corn crops. Superphosphate is applied for the wheat crop at the rate of 250 pounds an acre. The last crops of clover and alfalfa are plowed down, excepting on Plots 713 and 913, where they are removed as hay. 'Plots 11, 12, and 13 appear only in Series 700 and 900. (See page 260 for Table 34) TABLE 35. KEWANEE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Clover Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 0.. 48.6 21.7 (1.20) 55.9 2 054 2 M .. 49.2 31.8 (1.53) 73.1 2 798 3 ML . 69.9 31.2 (1.54) 72.5 2 799 4 MLrP .. 68.5 37.7 (1.96) 76.4 3 114 5 52.2 23.2 (1.24) 59.2 2 173 6 R .. 55.4 26.0 (1.11) 68.9 2 270 7 RL .. 55.0 31.4 (1.27) 75.0 2 478 8 RLrP .. 59.4 38.8 (1.98) 75.3 3 004 9 RLrPK.. 58.9 38.9 (2.26) 77.0 3 156 10 .. 53.7 22.4 (1.50) 60.9 2 333 260 BULLETIN No. 382 [July, TABLE 34. JOLIET FIELD: SPECIAL PHOSPHORUS STUDIES Rotation: Wheat, clover Average for 4 years 1928 1929 1930 1931 (pounds Soil treatment Wheat Clover Wheat Wheat per acre) Rock phosphate (degrees of fineness) No phosphate. . . ?6 3 (? 83) ?7 1 9 8 2 413 Rock phosphate, Rock phosphate, Rock phosphate, Rock phosphate, 99% thru 95% thru 90% thru 65% thru 100-mesh screen 100-mesh screen 100-mesh screen 100-mesh screen 29 27, 30 29 2 5 ,6 ,6 (3, (4. (4 (3 88) 11) 08) 71) 38 36 35 38 ,2 .1 .1 13 17 14 14 7 8 6 3 157 3 274 3 248 3 088 Rock phosphate (rates of application) No phosphate. . . . 24 5 (2 . 86) ?7 6 9 s 2 354 Rock phosphate (250).. . 24 , 1 (3 . 50) 31 10 8 2 739 Rock phosphate (500) 31 5 (3.93) 9 1S 6 3 195 Rock phosphate (1,000) 28, 7 (3 . 82) 40 70 3 290 Rock phosphate (2,000) . 30, 7 (3.84) 44 s 17 S 3 308 Comparison of carriers of phosphorus No phosphate . 20 8 (? 76) 71 ? 7 8 ? 127 Rock phosphate (560) 25 ? n 64) 3S 1 7 Q 7 843 Bone phosphate (175) 32 7. n 7S) 33 9 7 996 Superphosphate (280) 32 o 94) 4^ 1 10 7 1 250 Treble superphosphate (140) 35 4 (3 .77) 46, 1 10. 8 3 270 Note. This series was laid out in the fall of 1927. It consists of 75 small plots divided into three groups of 25 plots each. Five soil treatments, replicated five times, are studied in each group. On Plots 1 to 25 inclusive a study is being made of the relative effectiveness of different degrees of fineness of rock phosphate. The original application of the phos- phate was at the rate of 1,000 pounds an acre; a subsequent application of 500 pounds an acre was made for the 1930 wheat crop. On Plots 26 to 50 inclusive a study is being made of the effects of different rates of application of finely ground rock phosphate. On Plots 51 to 75 a comparison is made of the effects of different carriers of phos- phorus when applied in equal money values. All phosphates are applied broadcast immediately after the wheat is drilled. TABLE 36. KEWANEE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 500 600 700 800 (pounds No. Corn Wheat Clover Oats per acre) 1 RrP 59.7 38.8 (1.49) 71.1 2 731 2 RsP .. 57.9 37.2 (1.53) 12.8 2 714 3 RLrP .. 60 35.9 (1 . 73) 71 9 2 820 4 RLsP .. 58.6 42.1 (1.61) 75.5 2 859 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 261 TABLE 37. KEWANEE FIELD: SPECIAL PHOSPHORUS STUDIED Rotation: Wheat, red clover Average for 4 years 1928 1929 1930 1931 (pounds Soil treatment Oats 1 Clover Wheat Wheat per acre) Rock phosphate (degree of fineness) No pi Rock Rock Rock Rock losphate. 74.7 82.1 76.4 74.8 76.4 (4 (4 (4 (4 (4 .01) 86) 53) .85) 53) 34.8 48.6 46.8 50.4 47.1 15.4 24.1 21.5 19.8 21.8 3 354 4 177 3 901 4 077 3 910 phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, phosphate, 99% 95% 90% 65% thru thru thru thru 100- mesh 100- mesh 100- mesh 100- mesh screen screen screen screen Rock phosphate (rates of application) No phosphate. . . . 70 7 n 6?) 3? 6 17 >> 3 124 Rock phosphate (250).. . 80 6 (4 ?4) 39 ? 19 8 3 650 Rock phosphate (500) 78 7 (4 S4) 4S ,s ?3 1 3 929 Rock phosphate (1,000) . 76 s (4 94) SI 6 ?4 8 4 228 Rock phosphate (2,000) 76 4 (4 94) s? n 6 4 216 Comparison of phosphorus carriers None 71.0 (3.51) 30.7 15.7 3016 Rock phosphate (560) 78.1 (4.50) 43.0 17.4 3781 Bone phosphate (175) 77.0 (3.97) 39.5 13.6 3898 Superphosphate (280) 75.9 (4.15) 44.6 12.9 3545 Treble superphosphate (140) 81.9 (4.31) 49.0 14.1 3756 Note. See note for Table 34. 'Oats substituted for wheat. TABLE 38. LAMOILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Second- year corn Series 200 First- year corn Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 0.. 52.1 57.2 16.0 56.3 2 220 2 M ... 56.5 56.4 29.2 68.8 2 568 3 ML ... 51.2 53.3 29.7 65.5 2 432 4 MLrP . . 53 2 58.1 31.3 66.7 2 562 5 0.. 48.9 54.4 24.6 63.3 2 321 6 R ... 53.6 55.9 24.2 65.2 2 418 7 RL ... 55.4 56.3 25.6 63.8 2 458 8 RLrP ... 58 3 60.1 27.8 63.4 2 583 9 RLrPK.. . . 60.4 60.7 27.7 60.9 2 598 10 ... 50.6 49.9 15.4 49.2 1 907 262 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 39. LAMOILLE FIELD Rotation; Corn, barley [July, Serial plot Soil treatment No. 1930 1931 Average for 2 years (pounds per acre) Series 900 Corn Series 1000 Barley Series 900 Barley Series 1000 Corn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 R 71 3 2 7 3 5 4 2 1 7 6 8 3 3 9 2 3 4 4 65.6 65.6 68.7 65.6 70.8 80.1 61.4 66.6 72.8 60.4 67.6 66.6 64.5 68.7 63.5 64.5 68.7 66.6 58.3 52 41 50 50 42 47 47 42 41 38 41 43 43 49 46 50 43 39 41 1 7 7 9 9 7 7 5 7 8 8 9 8 6 7 20 24 24 24 26 28 22 24 18 19 24 22 19 24 22 21 21 20 23 9 7 7 4 8 1 3 8 8 7 5 8 8 7 1 9 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 703 462 722 607 483 777 358 430 367 242 503 383 309 550 565 596 585 495 424 RL 59 RLrP 68 RLsP 62 RLbP 53 RL, KC1.. 60 RL, 0-14-4 52 RL, 2-14-4 55 RL, treble sP 52 R. . 55 RL. 60 RLrP. . 52 RLsP 52 RLbP 57 RL, KC1 65 RL, 0-14-4 .... 66 RL, 2-14-4 66 RL, treble sP 66 R 64 Note. These series were plotted in 1928. A rotation of corn and barley (alfalfa- sweet clover catch crop on all plots) is grown. Limestone was applied to all plots excepting Nos. 1, 10, and 19. Fertilizers are applied annually at the following acre-rates: rock phosphate 400 pounds to Plots 3 and 12; superphosphate, 250 pounds to Plots 4 and 13; bonemeal, 200 pounds to Plots 5 and 14; KC1, 100 pounds to Plots 6 and 15; 0-14-4, 250 pounds to Plots 7 and 16; 2-14-4, 250 pounds to Plots 8 and 17; treble superphosphate, 112 pounds to Plots 9 and 18. (See pages 263 and 264 for Table 40) TABLE 41. LEBANON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Serial plot No. Soil treatment 1 Series 500 Corn Series 600 Oats Series 700 Wheat Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1-W Le. . 29.4 46.6 30.8 1 662 1-E LesP 29.4 49.1 37.3 1 819 2-W LeM. . 35.5 58.8 30.3 1 896 2-E LeMsP 35.1 62.5 40.8 2 139 3-W LeML.. . 44 82.8 39.7 2 498 3-E LeMLsP . .. 41.4 88.1 42.3 2 559 4-W LeMLrP.. 44.2 85.0 41.2 2 555 4-E LeMLrP 38.7 85.9 44.5 2 529 'The manure treatment is residual, having been last applied in!921. 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 263 TABLE 40. LEBANON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover-alfalfa Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Corn Series 200 Cl.-alf. Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) SECTION A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 o 54 1 2 2 1 7 7 1 7 8 1 (1 (1 3 (3 ( (1 (2, V (2 19) 47) 09) 85) .99) 68) 37) 10) 53) 14) 22 23 28 34 27 32 37 38 38 27 .7 ,7 .7 .7 7 .7 7 3 3 45 59 65 51 61 55 70 83 75 44 .0 .4 .0 .9 .3 .0 .0 1 .0 .4 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 2 052 310 384 618 998 980 680 159 335 439 M 53. ML 64 MLrP 54 , 42 R 50 RL 62 . RLrP 61. RLrPK. . 63. 43 , SECTION B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 rP. .. 43 5 2 8 1 6 3 4 8 (1 (1 [3, (3. (1 (1 (1 V (2 .02) 62) 25) 67) 10) 61) 27) 94) 70) 23) 24 44 38 35 33 36 40 40 41 38 .7 3 .7 7 3 41 57 60 63 45 48 70 72 68 46 .9 .5 .8 .6 .8 .6 .5 .8 .3 1 2 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 814 660 419 670 026 879 168 038 355 533 M+rP 48. ML+rP 52. MLrP+rP 57. rP.. 44 , R+rP 45 . RL+rP 61. RLrP+rP 63 . RLrPK +rP. . 60. rP 33 , SECTION C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 sP... 36 8 4 2 8 9 9 7 6 1 5 (1.46) (1.60) (3.69) (3.93) (1.19) ( -74) (2.75) (2.23) (3.15) (2.23) 27 32 34 38 28 39 42 45 31 43 .7 3 .7 3 .7 38 55 53 62 49 50 76 79 81 55 .1 .8 .5 .4 .0 .9 .4 .3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 2 965 304 540 816 960 Oil 340 218 490 585 M+sP 41 ML+sP 53 MLrP+sP 55 sP. .. 38 R+sP 46 RL+sP 50 RLrP+sP 56 RLrPK +sP.. 57 sP 27 264 BULLETIN No. 382 Uuly, TABLE 40. Concluded Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 100 200 300 400 (pounds No. Corn Cl.-alf. Wheat Oats per acre) SECTION D 1 5-15-5 25 .4 (1 .18) 32 .7 41 3 1 766 2 M +5-15-5 31 .7 (1 64) 37 .3 55 6 2 269 3 ML+5-15-5 38 (3 36) 43 56 3 3 307 4 MLrP+5-15-5 46 1 (3 .54) 35 .7 59 4 3 426 5 5-15-5... 30 (1 .11) 37 51 9 1 945 6 R+5-15-5 35 .9 ( ,56) 40 .7 50 1 792 7 RL+5-15-5 53 .2 (2 .23) 45 3 71 9 3 115 8 RLrP+5-15-5 51 6 (1 81) 45 73 8 2 892 9 RLrPK+5-15-5 57 .1 (2 80) 48 71 3 3 490 10 5-15-5 40 .1 (2 87) 47 61 3 3 191 Note. For the purpose of studying the relative values of finely processed rock phosphate, superphosphate, and mixed fertilizers when used in addition to different basal soil treatments which have been common to all sections since 1912, these series of plots in 1929 were divided into four sections extending across all plots. Section A receives the basal treatment only. Section B receives the basal treatment plus finely processed rock phosphate, 500 pounds per acre for wheat and 250 pounds for corn. Section C receives the basal treatment plus superphosphate, 200 pounds per acre for wheat and 150 pounds for corn. Section D receives the basal treatment plus a mixed fertilizer: namely, 250 pounds of 5-15-5 per acre for wheat and 150 pounds for corn. TABLE 42. LEBANON FIELD Rotation: Wheat, potatoes Average Serial Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 800 900 (pounds No. Potatoes Wheat per acre) 1 LeM 33.7 41.0 2 240 2 LesP 57.7 45.0 3 080 3 LerP 54.7 45.3 3 000 4 LesPK 43.0 43.0 2 580 5 LerPK. . 24.0 39.0 1 890 6 Le, straw 78.7 35.7 3430 7 LesP, straw 100.0 38.0 4130 8 LerP, straw 113.7 34.0 4430 9 Le, treble superphosphate 71.0 44.3 3 460 10 Le, potassium phosphate 93 . 3 41.7 4 050 Note. In 1925 Series 800 and 900 were laid out on land which had received 8,000 pounds of limestone, 2,000 pounds of rock phosphate, and 15 tons of manure an acre in 1911. The land grew alfalfa almost continuously from 1911 to 1925. A rotation of wheat (sweet-clover catch crop) and potatoes is followed. Fertilizers are applied as indicated above. The phosphates are applied annually: rock phos- phate 400 pounds, superphosphate 200 pounds, treble superphosphate 100 pounds, and potassium phosphate 200 pounds an acre. Kainit, 200 pounds an acre, is applied for each potato crop. Two tons of manure an acre is applied for potatoes. Straw is applied as a mulch when the potatoes are coming thru the ground. 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 43. McNABB FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, clover 265 Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 100 200 300 400 (pounds No. Clover Wheat Oats Corn per acre) 1 R. . (1.40) 40.2 59.6 64.7 2 685 2 RrP . . (2.06) 43.0 58.8 68.7 3 105 3 . . (3.11) 36.8 59.6 69.8 3 561 4 MrP . . (3.13) 40.7 46.2 64.2 3 443 5 M .. (3.16) 41.0 52.1 68.0 3 564 TABLE 44. MINONK FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, wheat Series Serial 100 plot Soil treatment 1 Second- No, year corn Series 200 First- year corn Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Average all crops (pounds per acre) Oats Stubble hay (Hubam) NORTH HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 N.. ... 65 .2 .0 .8 .8 .7 .4 .4 .8 .7 .3 50 54 58 56 48 53 51 50 51 49 .3 .8 .6 .2 .3 .7 .4 25. 29. 27. 27. 26. 27. 22. 24. 26. 24. 2 8 5 8 8 7 8 8 64 74 67 70 67 64 65 66 64 60 .7 ( ) 7 (0 ) .2 ( .59) .3 ( .87) .2 .1 3 .3 .1 .0 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 510 710 010 132 451 604 564 511 474 318 MN 66 MLN . .. 67 MLrPN ... 66 N.. . .. 59 RN ... 66 RLN .. . 70 RLrPN ... 64 RLrPKN... 59 N ... 55 SOUTH HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 57 .3 .4 .8 .4 .7 4 .6 .2 5 53 55 60 57 53 55 56 53 51 52 4 2 7 9 1 7 9 7 2 25. 29. 27. 30. 24. 27. 24. 22. 27. 25. 8 5 5 5 8 2 7 7 2 59 69 66 68 58 67 65 60 62 59 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 9 ( .64) 1 ( -92) .4 2 6 2 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 397 618 024 440 369 642 488 372 465 276 M 60 ML ... 64 MLrP ... 66 0.. . 55 R 65 RL ... 57 RLrP ... 57 RLrPK.. 59 ... 49 'Sodium nitrate was hill-dropped with the first-year corn on the north halves of all plots at the rate of 80 pounds an acre. On June 13 the corn received a side dressing of ammonium sulfate at the rate of 120 pounds an acre. Sodium nitrate at the rate of 200 pounds an acre was applied as a top dressing for the wheat to the north halves of all plots, half the nitrate being applied on April 14 and half on May 1 1. 266 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 45 MT. MORRIS FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat {.July, Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Clover Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 0.. 51.4 18.7 20.9 20.7 21.6 17.1 19.5 19.7 21.8 22.4 21.2 21.7 (2.35) (2.52) (2.42) (2.34) (2.14) (1.61) (1.64) (1.58) (1.92) (1.88) (2.11) 50.8 59.1 61.3 65.6 41.4 41.6 54.2 48.1 53.0 51.3 43.8 2 582 2 778 3 029 3 037 2 362 2 200 2 397 2 359 2 591 2 282 2 368 2 M 52.1 3 ML 72.8 4 MLrP 72.8 5 0.. 50.4 6 R 54.9 7 RL 60.5 8 RLrP 61.1 9 RLrPK 62.2 10-W Cornstalks 43.9 10-E 45.4 (See opposite page for Table 46) TABLE 47 MT. MORRIS FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, hay Soil treatment Series 900 Wheat Series 1000 Oats Series 1100 Corn Series 1200 Hay Average all crops (pounds per acre) L, timothy 22.0 61.7 52.0 ( .73) 1 915 LrP, timothy 24.6 55.1 63.8 (1.13) 2 268 L, red clover 21.5 53.4 74.1 (1.70) 2 639 LrP, red clover 23 . 2 56.2 64.0 (2.13) 2 757 L, alfalfa 20.6 56.4 70.0 ( ) 1 739 LrP, alfalfa 21.8 56.8 68.1 ( ) 1 732 L, soybeans 21.5 59.4 67.8 (2.33) 2 912 LrP, soybeans . ... 24.7 59.5 69.7 (2.64) 3 144 Note. These series were laid out for the purpose of studying the relative influ- ence of different forage crops on subsequent grain yields in a four-year rotation of corn, oats, wheat, and hay grown on limed and limed'-phosphated land. All plots have received 2 tons of limestone an acre. Rock phosphate is applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre for corn and 400 pounds for wheat. Four different forage crops (timothy, red clover, alfalfa, and soybeans) are grown in duplicate in both systems of soil treatment. The forage crops are removed as hay. 1932] CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 46. MT. MORRIS FIELD L Rotation: Corn, barley, clover-alfalfa, alfalfa 267 Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 1 500 600 700 800 (pounds No. Barley Alfalfa Corn Cl.-alf. per acre) 1 0... 35.4 (2.57) 59 5 (2 90) 3 988 2 M .. 38.7 (3.32) 58.4 (3.17) 4 525 3 ML .. 44.8 (3 . 74) 64.8 (4.46) 5 547 4 MLrP . . 43.5 (4.22) 55.4 (4.26) 5 536 'Treatments residual since 1921. TABLE 48. NEWTON FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, mixed hay Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Mixed hay Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Oats Series 400 Corn Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-N 10-S ( .23) .38) .72) .02) .21) .46) .68) .70) .02) .31) .29) .2 3.5 34.8 47.8 .3 .5 17.2 35.5 44.8 1.0 .3 21, 43 62 66 16 18 40 44, 61 23 16 9 1 ,5 6 9 8 9 7 6 1 3 19. 43 54 50. 17, 18. 31. 31. 38 21, 17 9 3 7 9 5 2 1 9 9 6 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 571 191 151 475 490 527 358 686 222 657 522 M ( ML MLrP (1 0.. ( R RL f RLrP ( RLrPK (1 Cornstalks ( (See page 268 for Table 49) TABLE 50. NEWTON FIELD Rotation: Wheat, soybeans, redtop Average Serial Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 1100-N 1100-S 1200 (pounds [No. Soybeans Redtop 1 Wheat per acre) 1 LeLrP.. (1.75) 32.7 1 820 2 LeL ( .87) 26.0 1 100 3 LeLrP... ( .71) 30.0 1 073 4 LeL ( .84) 26.7 1 093 5 LeLrP ( -79) 30.5 1 137 Note. Prior to 1923 these series were used in plant-breeding projects and all plots had received uniform soil treatment. From 1923 to 1926 wheat, soybeans, and timothy were grown. In 1927 the rotation was changed to wheat (sweet clover), soybeans, and redtop, the redtop to occupy a given series for three years while wheat and soybeans are grown alternately on the other two series. The plan of fertilization is as follows: Limestone in sufficient amounts to grow sweet clover. Rock phosphate: Plot 1 received an application sufficient to bring the phosphorus content of the surface soil up to 2,000 pounds per acre by analysis. Plot 3 receives phosphate at the annual acre-rate of 200 pounds (400 pounds applied for wheat and 600 pounds for redtop). Plot 5 receives phosphate at the annual acre-rate of 400 pounds (800 pounds for wheat and 1,200 pounds for redtop). Redtop failed to make a crop; growth was clipped but not removed from plots. 268 BULLETIN No. 382 Uuly, " o. "" 'aT re c u s oo Tj< o t^ o t cs \o \o N T}< rs oo p \o ^ ^ V < PO i/>cst~c>)r~ oo OfNtSP^oo cs (Nt^irjooio f- o ,5 ' _JJ o (J OO O* ^O O OO -H O O fN PO PO OO PO -- OO C^ CN CS PO IO O CM O PO t^* CM O ^H >O O n 3 4-1 - E S 2 = 's a i 2 0) Oj *J C*4 t^* lO O CN t* 1 * *^* OO O O ^ OO ro 00 lO fO t^ t^* OO j s H : ? j g . . r m be E ^"1 t^ fS ^5 *^ ^? OO 10 O* 1 t^* O^ " O* *O ro ^O *O ^^ OO t^* 8 * -5 c ^-c3 cs re O\ t- ^ t 1 ** OO O^ ?O CS -H cs O^ *^ 00 O O OO O^ J C" fe 2 , < u -^~* e 0) C C tn j5 V w cfl 0) c O. 1S8 a. i ..cc. ..cc. ..cc. ? ^^ O O c ^ *^ O O e ? ^ H O O c O Q *"O *U O o *O "O O Q "O "O u *- s c i X / / K>* Ky* K> Kyi K>" K^ K> Ky 1 kV kV ky* fcy* ky* Ky" k>* ky* o. 0.0.0.0.0. o- 0.040.0.0. o. 0.0.0,0.0. o. |li & xxxcm & xxx&x x &&&&& & 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 51. OBLONG FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat 269 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Mixed hay Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) SOUTH HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 23 9 4 9 4 9 3 2 ,7 ,5 .7 13. 18 34. 43. 6 9 23 37, 45 13 2 7 2 3 8 7 8 8 3 2 (0 ) ( ) (1.26) (1.37) (0 ) (0 ) ( -49) ( .48) (1.37) ( -08) 27, 48 68. 65, 34 40 73 60 64 47, 2 1 1 9 4 3 4 9 4 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 750 300 404 265 614 766 554 697 433 860 M . . 45 ML . . 53 MLrP 33 0.. 16 R . . 21 RL . . 26 RLrP . . 28 RLrPK.. 39 .. 17 NORTH HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RLsP 16 9 .5 .2 .7 6 .7 .4 .1 .6 2 43. 43 44 46 36 34 39 38 45 37 ,5 2 ,2 3 ,7 .5 .0 .7 .5 2 ( (1 (1 ( ( (1 ) .50) .78) .61) .70) .13) .50) .40) .23) .67) 43 54 52 65 53 49 56 62 65 64 .8 .4 ,5 .0 .1 ,1 .6 .2 .9 ,7 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 239 869 603 564 530 211 643 713 408 942 MLrP . . 38 MLbP . . 45 MLrP . . 38 Rl, under-acidulated P. . . . . 14 RLrP . . 16 RLbP . . 25 RLrP .. 31 RLrPK .. 41 RL, potassium P . . 38 (See page 270 for Table 52) TABLE 53. ODIN FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover-redtop Series Serial 100 plot Soil treatment 1 Corn No. Series 200 Wheat Series Series 300 400 Soybeans Redtop seed Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 19 .7 .5 ,3 4 8 6 8 7 ,7 19 20 37 49 44, 13 18 39 48 44 6 1 2 1 9 2 4 7 2 8 10 11 13 12 26 7 7 10 11 25 6 6 9 8 8 2 6 ,4 4 4 5 6 6 8 3 7 4 7 3 64 50 93 75 50 86 32 18 43 03 744 795 1 061 1 194 1 637 527 648 1 057 1 181 1 584 R 21 RL 19 RLbP 17 RLbPK 37 0.. ... 14 R 16 RL 20 RLbP 18 RLbPK 37 'Potassium applied as potassium sulfate. 270 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 52. OBLONG FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat Uuly, Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 700 Wheat Series 800 Oats Series 1000 Corn Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 White biennial sweet clover , 50.0 38.8 39.3 2 147 2 Red clover 54.0 48.8 40.1 2 349 3 Alsike clover , 54.3 51.9 46 1 2 501 4 No clover , 51.7 47.5 47.8 2 430 5 White biennial sweet clover 43.0 47.5 31.7 1 958 6 Red clover , 61.3 48.8 35.5 2 409 7 Alsike clover , 54.3 41.3 38 2 236 8 No clover 51.3 40.0 36.3 2 131 Note. From 1912 to 1920, Series 700, 800, 900, and 1000 were operated as single plots and grew a rotation of potatoes, corn, soybeans, and alfalfa with regular applications of manure, limestone, rock phosphate, and kainit. In 1921 the rotation was changed to corn, oats, legumes, and wheat. Since that time no fertilizing ma- terials have been used except sweet clover as a green-manure crop. In 1926 the series were divided into 8 plots each, and until 1931 a rotation of corn, oats, wheat, and legumes was grown. Legumes were seeded as indicated in the above table, and occupied the ground as a regular crop. Where practical, the sweet clover was removed as a hay crop in the fall of the first year and clipped or harvested as seed during the second year. Only one crop of red and alsike clover was removed, the fall growth being plowed down. The volunteer vegetation on Plots 4 and 8 was plowed under. In 1931 Series 900, being very poorly drained and lacking in uniformity, was dropped from the experiment and a rotation of corn, oats, and wheat will be grown with the legumes seeded as before, and the growth on all plots plowed down as green manure. TABLE 54. ODIN FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat Light lime Heavy lime Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 500 Wheat Series 600 Corn Average all crops (pounds Series 700 Wheat Series 800 Corn Average all crops (pounds per acre) per acre) 1 LeLKbP. . 50 S 29 ? 2 332 49 s 30 ? 2 326 LeLK ... 27, S 77 S 1 595 4? S ?9 8 2 110 3 LeLKsP . .. 46 7 ?4 S 2 086 47 7 2 360 4 LeLKrP.. . 50 S 17 S 2 005 49 SO 2 315 S LeLK .. . 27 16 3 1 277 29 7 27 S 1 660 6 LeLK, slag P . .. 46 3 15 8 1 832 46 5 16 3 1 851 1932~\ CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 55. ODIN FIELD Sweet-clover rotation studies 271 Average all crops Soil Soy- Sweet (pounds Rotation treatment Corn beans Wheat clover per acre) Three- year rotation 1 RLbP. . . 28.9 15.2 50.0 1 843 Four-year rotation 1 RLbP 46.5 11.2 53.6 3.89 1 681 'Corn, soybeans, wheat (sweet-clover catch crop). *Corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover. TABLE 56. OQUAWKA FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, rye, clover-alfalfa, wheat, alfalfa Serial Soil plot treatment No. Series 100 Soy- beans Series 200 Corn Series 300 Alfalfa Series 400 Wheat Series 500 Cow- peas 1 Series 600 Average all crops (pounds per acre) Rye Stubble clover 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-W 10-E 0.. 6.0 9.5 16.2 17.0 9.3 9.7 19.5 16.5 18.3 8.0 8.0 12.5 13.9 15.3 15.0 13.7 11.6 8.9 9.5 6.8 18.8 20.0 (0 ) (0 ) (3.29) (3.41) ( ) (0 ) (2-94) (2.69) (3.18) (0 ) ( ) 13.1 16.2 25.9 28.4 11.3 12.4 22.8 20.4 18.8 10.7 11.3 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 .11) .58) .43) .50) .26) .46) .53) .55) .57) ,33) 28) 10.8 15.7 20.3 19.0 8.5 11.6 15.6 13.0 12.1 9.8 7.5 (0 ) (0 ) (1.70) (1.70) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1.30) ( ) ( ) 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 882 198 132 237 834 924 143 994 563 022 000 M ML MLrP . R RL RLrP RLrPK Cornstalks. . . 'Cowpeas grown as a substitute for clover-alfalfa. TABLE 57. PALESTINE FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover-alfalfa, wheat, alfalfa Serial plot Soil No. treatment Series 100 Alfalfa Series 200 Corn Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Cl.-alf. Series 500 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LeL. . (2 (2 (2 (2 (3 (2 (3 (2 (3 (1 .49) .93) .75) .94) .08) .97) .43) .84) .39) .49) 43 44 43 44 44 43 46 44 38 27 .3 6 5 8 .4 .1 ,5 .4 ,7 5 42.3 45.5 40.5 47.5 41.5 28.8 47.5 43.2 41.3 31.8 (1 (2 (1 (1 (2 (2 (2 (1 (1 ( .96) 08) .93) ,97) 04) 25) ,27) 70) 86) 83) 51 48 55 55 46 45 56 66 58 48 6 4 3 9 9 3 6 8 8 3 099 3 360 3 199 3 386 3 343 3 211 3 733 3 257 3 405 1 930 LeLM LeLMsP LeLMrP LeL. . LeL, KC1 LeLsP, KC1 . . . . LeLrP, KCL... LeLrP, kainit. . . 272 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 58. PALESTINE FIELD Rotation: Corn, wheat, alfalfa [July, Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 600 Wheat Series 700 Alfalfa Series 800 Corn Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LeLsP. . 41 6 (3.94) (3.54) (3.74) (3.30) (3.52) (3.47) (3.49) (3.41) 7.6 11.6 14.9 11.6 14.2 10.3 13.2 13.2 3 599 3 449 3 499 3 278 3 369 3 328 3 297 3 372 LeLrP 43 . 7 LeL 36.3 LeL, flowers of sulfur 43 . 2 LeLrP, flowers of sulfur 37 9 LeL 41.1 LeL, gypsum 36.3 LeLrP, gypsum 41.6 (See opposite page for Table 59) TABLE 60. RALEIGH FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Mixed hay Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) WEST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 6.3 7.2 12.5 35.8 40.5 7.3 9.2 18.7 30.3 42.3 8.3 (0 ) (0 ) (1.73) (1.68) ( ) (0 ) ( -37) ( -58) (1.39) (0 ) 23.4 42.5 72.2 84.4 26.9 24.4 52.8 74.1 75.3 32.5 383 883 2 471 2 619 514 563 1 217 1 651 2 281 491 M 25 4 ML 35.1 MLrP 35.5 0.. 13.5 R 16 5 RL 23.7 RLrP 22.4 RLrPK. . 24.9 7.6 EAST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL.. 9.1 20.8 27.3 44.3 43.7 18.3 22.3 39.2 40.5 45.7 17.8 ( .31) ( ) (2.29) (2.18) ( ) (0 ) ( -69) (1.24) (1.28) ( -85) 54.7 63.1 62.2 52.2 49.4 56.9 53.1 80.6 69.7 71.2 1 035 1 163 2 690 2 506 824 976 1 618 2 080 2 125 1 419 MrP 17.7 MLbP 27.5 MLrP .... 24 . 7 RsP ... 11.0 RrP 13.3 RLsP 18.6 RLrP 14.8 RLrPK, gypsum 17.5 RLrP .... 11.2 19321 CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 273 TABLE 59. PALESTINE FIELD Corn-vetch experiment Plo No t Soil treatmen t Co rn Plot No. Soil treatment Co. ii 901 Le. . 18 S 905 LerP ( 100). 21 z 90? LesP (100) . . . . . 24 1 906 LeL. 29 1 903 LerP (200) 24 1 907 LeLsP (100). . 29 5 904 LesP (200) 20 6 908 LeLrP (200) 26 8 Note. This experiment was planned to study effects of vetch green manure on the following corn crop. Temporarily a single-crop system is planned. Corn with a catch crop of hairy vetch is grown. The vetch is seeded in the corn late in August and the growth plowed under the following spring. An initial application of 6,000 pounds of limestone an acre was made to Plots 6, 7, 8. The figures in parentheses represent annual acre-applications of phosphates. TABLE 61. SPARTA FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, oats, wheat Average Serial Series Series Series Series all crops plot Soil treatment 100 200 300 400 (pounds No. Corn Wheat Oats Soybeans per acre) SECTION A 1 10 .1 13 .7 11 9 3 1 541 2 M 17 9 18 .7 17 5 2 6 790 3 ML 27 9 37 3 52. 5 5, 7 1 560 4 MLrP 28 .2 40 ,7 47 5 7 7 1 630 5 0.. 12 .8 8 3 1 3 4 375 6 R 14 ,4 10 3 10 6 3 2 490 7 RL 21 .2 38 .7 36 3 8 1 1 288 8 RLrP 20 1 39 3 35 6 9 4 1 298 9 RLrPK.. ... 27 .8 29 53 8 7. 9 1 373 10 8 5 13 16. 3 4 1 505 SECTION B 1 sP, KC1.... 2 M, KC1.... 3 ML.KC1... 4 MLrP, KC1. 14.2 18.8 33.8 32.0 5 KC1 15.8 6 R, KC1 16.9 7 RL, KC1 32.1 8 RLrP, KC1 30.3 9 RLrPK, KC1.. 31.0 10 sP, NaNO 3 , KC1 . . 32.7 21.0 20.7 44.7 46.0 7.0 13.0 35.3 45.3 41.3 20.7 48.1 50.0 58.1 36.2 10.0 15.6 40.0 41.9 46.9 18.1 3.7 3.1 6.1 8.7 4.6 3.7 10.1 11.1 8.6 4.1 1 079 1 181 1 803 1 708 475 612 1 450 1 605 1 558 974 Note. In 1929 each series was divided into two equal longitudinal sections designated as Section A and Section B respectively. The plots in Section A will continue under original plan of fertilization. In Section B additional fertilization is as follows: potassium chlorid to all plots, 150 pounds an acre drilled with wheat and 50 pounds hill-dropped for corn; superphosphate (20%) to Plots 1 and 10, 250 pounds an acre drilled for wheat and 125 pounds hill-dropped for corn; sodium nitrate to Plot 10, at the acre-rate of 100 pounds in the spring as a top dressing for wheat and 100 pounds as a side dressing for corn at time of second cultivation. 274 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 62. SPARTA FIELD Rotation: Corn, cowpeas, timothy-vetch, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment 1 No. Series 500 Wheat Series 600 Corn Series 700 Cow- peas Series 800 Average all crops (pounds per acre) South Timothy North Timothy- vetch 1 2 3 4 5 6 Le... . 24 8 20.7 20.7 27.5 24.1 19.0 9.3 ( -71) (1.09) (1.17) (1.10) (1.23) ( -33) ( ( ( .03) .05) .24) .49) .56) 21) ( .21) ( .21) ( -53) ( -83) (1.00) ( -47) 1 077 1 315 1 630 1 868 1 903 1 008 LeM .. 27.7 LeML .. 31.3 LeMLrP .. 43.3 LeMLrPK . . 42 . 2 Le .. 36.0 J Manure residual since 1927. TABLE 63. SPARTA FIELD Nitrate studies Average all crops Plot E PlotF (pounds Soil treatment Corn Wheat per acre) LeL, NaNO 3 . . . 23.4 38.8 3 638 LeL 24.1 36.9 3 564 TABLE 64. SPRINGVALLEY FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, clover, wheat Serial Series plot Soil treatment 100 No. Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Clover Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.. 23 .9 .7 .0 ,4 .7 6 ,2 3 32 42 41 42 41 37 42 41 41 34 .5 .3 .2 .0 .0 .7 .0 .5 .2 (1 (2 (2 (1 (1 ( < ( : .32) .41) .18) .10) .61) .23) .77) 11) .73) 36) 40 50 75 66 44. 58 54. 50. 57. 48. 9 3 3 3 1 8 4 3 8 4 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 310 441 148 988 275 232 870 476 059 610 M 49 ML 60 MLrP 55 0.. 35 R 41 RL 30 RLrP 28 RLrPK.. 44 38. 1932\ CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 65. SPRINGVALLEY FIELD Rotation: Corn, corn, oats, alfalfa 275 Series Series Series Series Serial 500 600 700 800 Average plot Soil treatment 1 Alfalfa Oats First- Second- all crops No. year year (pounds corn corn per acre) 1 0.. . . (4.32) 58.8 51 6 45 3 982 2 M . . (4 . 56) 59 7 37 4 54 1 4 036 3 ML (4 43) 55 6 38 7 53 9 3 959 4 MLrP .. (4.71) 59.4 37.8 53.9 4 116 'Treatments residual since 1922. TABLE 66. TOLEDO FIELD Rotation: Corn, oats, mixed hay, wheat Serial plot Soil treatment 1 No. Series Series 100 200 Corn Wheat Series 1 300 Mixed hay Series 400 Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) SECTION A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL, KC1.. . . 62 1 2 5 4 8 1 8 1 8 45 47 49. 55. 31 35 51 51 46 42 .7 7 3 ,3 .7 3 ( -21) (0 ) (1-07) (1.00) ( -22) ( -23) ( -61) (1.00) d". 31) ( -30) 35 43. 51. 51. 34, 28 28, 39 45, 43 6 1 3 9 4 1 1 4 ,8 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 942 949 761 740 430 516 964 240 486 555 LeMrP, KC1 .. 64. LeMLbP, KC1 .. 76. LeMLrP, KC1 .. 71. RsP, KC1. . 41, RrP, KC1 . . 46 RLsP, KC1 . . 47. RLrP, KC1 .. 46 RLrPK, gypsum, KC1. . 55, RLrP, KC1 . . 30 SECTION B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RL. . 49 4 8 2 .5 .5 .1 .2 .6 .6 32 40 3<> 47 27 31 45 46 54 M) .7 .3 .3 .3 .3 .7 .3 .7 .7 ( d j (1 d ) o ) .08) .98) .12) .15) .68) .05) .10) .29) 28 48 41. 44, 17 13 21 39 46 35 1 8 3 4 5 8 3 ,4 9 6 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 453 840 458 543 020 060 403 735 590 201 LeMrP .. 60 LeMLbP . . 71 LeMLrP.. . 70 RsP.. 27 RrP . 27 RLsP .. 16 RLrP .. 15 RLrPK, gypsum 56 RLrP .. 15 276 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 66. Concluded Serial Series Series Series 1 Series plot Soil treatment 1 100 200 300 400 No. Corn Wheat Mixed hay Oats Average all crops (pounds per acre) SECTION C 1 Le 39.3 24.7 (0 ) 21.3 1090 2 LeM 52.0 25.3 (0 ) 34.4 1383 3 LeML 58.7 36.7 (.88) 56.9 2234 4 LeMLrP 63.0 46.3 (.80) 46.3 2372 5 0.. 15.6 14.0 (0 ) 14.4 543 6 R 21.1 19.0 (0 ) 16.3 710 7 RL 20.3 30.3 (.79) 20.0 1252 8 RLrP 18.6 40.3 (.90) 40.0 1555 9 RLrPK 61.3 54.7 (.88) 55.0 2556 10 19.4 19.3 (0 ) 25.6 766 SECTION D 1 R, KC1.. 54.1 19.3 (0 ) 26.3 1258 2 LeM, KC1 58.3 28.7 (0 ) 36.3 1536 3 LeML, KC1 72.3 37.3 (.75) 47.5 2327 4 LeMLrP, KC1 69.3 58.0 (.90) 60.6 2775 5 RL,5-15-5 32.1 26.0 (0 ) 32.5 1100 6 R, straw 34.2 28.7 (0 ) 13.8 1019 7 RL.straw 39.7 39.3 (.62) 23.8 1646 8 RLrP.straw 35.9 42.7 (.58) 33.1 1682 9 RLrPK, straw.. 64.7 53.3 (.87) 39.4 2316 10 RL 15.6 22.7 (0 ) 37.5 863 Note. In order to make more detailed studies of the response of this soil type to different methods of fertilization, each series, in 1930, was divided into four equal strips extending east and west across all plots. Beginning at the north these strips will be designated as Sections A, B, C, and D respectively. Section A of all plots receives the basal treatment (original north half) plus KC1, 100 pounds per acre broadcast ahead of wheat and corn. Section B continues under basal treatment (original north half). Section C continues under basal treatment (original south half). Section D receives basal treatment (original south half) with additional fertili- zation as follows: crop residues to Plots 1, 5 and 10; wheat and oats straw returned to Plots 6, 7, 8 and 9; limestone (as needed to grow clovers) to Plots 5 and 10; KC1 to Plots 1, 2, 3 and 4, 100 pounds per acre broadcast ahead of wheat and corn. 'The application of gypsum was discontinued in 1931. 2 Sections 300A and 300D received the basal treatments only. 1932} CROP YIELDS FROM ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS IN 1931 TABLE 67. UNIONVILLE FIELD Rotation: Corn, soybeans, oats, wheat 277 Serial plot Soil treatment No. Series 100 Corn Series 200 Wheat Series 300 Series 400 Soybeans Average all crops (pounds per acre) Oats Stubble clover WEST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 6 4 8 2 9 7 6 9 5 14.7 20.3 31.3 33.3 17.2 16.8 25.5 30.7 31.7 10.3 22 23 49 52 15 12 32 36 52 17 2 4 4 8 3 2 8 3 5 8 (0 ) ( ) ( -14) ( -22) 5 6 10 11 3 3 6 6 6 1 7 3 7 3 8 3 7 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 064 685 394 827 692 679 343 421 750 094 M . . 33 ML . . 48 MLrP . . 47 18 R . . 19 RL . . 42 RLrP . . 40 RLrPK 53 . . 20 EAST HALF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 L.. . 21 3 3 8 5 9 5 6 18.8 24.3 34.2 35.8 24.0 25.0 27.2 26.2 30.5 33.5 27 38 41 47 31 28 45 46 48 38 8 4 9 8 3 4 9 6 8 4 ( ) (0 ) ( -17) ( -20) 7 11 15 16 8 8 11 9 9 4 5 4 3 3 3 5 8 3 8 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 483 132 638 257 945 057 590 563 668 939 MLrP . . 30 ML, KC1 . . 36 MLrP, KC1 .. 37 LsP. . 15 L, NaNOs . . 23 RLsP, KC1 . . 45 RLrP, KC1 . . 46 RLrP, kainit 48 LsP, NaNO,. . . . . . 34 TABLE 68. UNIONVILLE FIELD Rotation: Wheat, cowpeas, timothy Serial plot Soil treatment 1 No. Series 500 Timothy Series 700 Wheat Series 800 Cowpeas Average all crops (pounds per acre) Seed Hay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.. / 19) .01) .86) .94) .58) .54) .70) .40) 11. 42. 31. 36 36 37 32. 17. 4 2 2 6 4 1 2 2 4 11 10 11 10 10 12 5 .5 2 9 2 4 (2 (1 (1 (1 (1 (1 .61) .00) .62) .92) .38) .70) .78) .76) 762 3 678 2 943 3 308 2 698 2 900 2 960 1 118 MLrP RLrP. (2 . . (1 RLrP, RLrP, RLrP, RLrP, kainit (1 shale . . (1 common salt.. . . .. (1 Omaha K (1 'Manure residual since 1927. 278 BULLETIN No. 382 TABLE 69. UNIONVILLE FIELD: SERIES 600 Rotation: Continuous alfalfa Plo No t - Soil treatment 1 Alfalfa Plot No. Soil treatment Alfalfa] 1 0. . ( ) S RLrP, shale (1.65) ? MLrP (1.62) 6 RLrP, common salt. . . . (2 05) T, RLrP (1.25) 7 RLrP, Omaha K . (1 85) 4 RLrP, kainit .... (1.97) 8 (0 ) 1 Manure residual since 1927. TABLE 70. URBANA, MORROW PLOTS Rotation studies PlotS Plot 4 PlotS Section (Continuous (Corn and oats (Corn, oats, and of Soil treatment corn) rotation) clover rotation) plot Corn Corn Corn NW 0. . 22.0 34.1 42 3 SW MLrP 49.1 59 3 57 8 NE 27.6 32.9 48.5 SE MLbP 49.3 56.4 60.5 TABLE 71 WEST SALEM Rotation: Corn, oats, wheat, mixed hay, wheat Soil treatment Series 100 Oats Series 200 Corn Series 300 Wheat Series 400 Mixed hay Series 500 Wheat Average all crops (pounds per acre) 0.. ... 26.6 12.3 7.5 ( ) 4 446 ML 1 , .. 46.7 46 3 17 3 ( 60) 20 1 1 506 ML . . . 67 2 45 9 25 5 (1 32) 23 2 2 056 MLrP , . . 85 . 8 50.4 38.4 (1.90) 38.9 2 801 L 1 . . . . . 42 3 12.7 11 ( 31) 17 6 880 RL 1 . . . 48 9 18 3 11 4 ( 38) 15 4 992 RL ... 61.6 25.6 17.2 ( -94) 18 2 1 482 RLrP , . . 83 . 1 33 4 34 8 (1.06) 32 3 2 134 RLrPK . .. 88.1 48.7 42.6 (1.75) 39.3 2 793 'Initial application of limestone only. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA Q6307IL6B C002 BULLETIN URBANA 377-3891932-33 3011 2019529228