I BELGIU1V Sixth THE RH] Seven Fores' NORTHE Editioi S0UTHE1 GARY Fifth 1 THE EAS LAND!: 10 Plai NORTHE Rave THROUC 32 Plans. OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS G2. 59 / 881 DOKS. is and 18 Plans. 5 marks. INSTANCE (the Vosges Mts., Black edition. 1882. G marks. .33 Plans. Seventh G marks. INCLUDING HUN- ,ps and 28 Plans. 6 marks. Bavarian High- etc. With 20 Maps, 879. G marks. :N, FLORENCE, and Routes to Italy ixroraia, with 15 Maps and Sixth Edition. 1882. 6 marks. CENTRAL ITALY and ROME, with 7 Maps, 29 Plans, and a Panorama of Rome. Eighth Edition. 1883. 6 marks. SOUTHERN ITALY, SICILY, and Excursions to the LlPARI ISLANDs(j(|\/J^W^^iL^), SARDINIA, MALTA, and Corfu, with 2 ^ Ms! ^gtQfedition. 1883. 6 marks. LONDON an$ Its ENWJ^ Brighton, the Isle of Wight, Fourth Edition. 1883. ® marks. NORWAY and SWEDEN, with 2ri\Iaps and 9 Plans. Second Edition. 1882. 9 marks. PARIS and its ENVIRONS, with Routes from London to Paris, and from Paris to the Rhine and Switzerland. With 10 Maps and 30 Plans. Seventh Edition. 1881. 6 marks. SWITZERLAND, and the adjacent Parts of Italy, SAVOY, and the Tyrol, with 26 Maps, 10 Plans, and 9 Panoramas. Ninth Edition. 1881. 7 marks. THE EAST. LOWER EGYPT, with the Fayum and the Peninsula OF Sinai, with 16 Maps, 29 Plans, 7 Views, and 76 Vignettes. 1878. 15 marks. PALESTINE and SYRIA, with 18 Maps, 43 Plans, 1 Panorama of Jerusalem, and 10 Views. 1876. 20 marks. THE TRAVELLER S MANUAL OF CONVERSATION, in English, German, French, and Italian. 3 marks. May 1883. CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft/ mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN MAY 6 7 1997 UHS MAY O'i 1997 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 I 30KS BELGIUJV Sixth THE RH] Seven Fores: NORTHE Editioi S0UTHE1 GARY Fifth ] THE EAS LANDS 10 Piai NORTHE Rave THROUC OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS S2. 59 I S8I 3S and 18 Plans. 5 marks. INSTANCE (the Vosges Mts., Black edition. 1882. 0 marks. .33 Plans. Seventh G marks. INCLUDING HUN- ps and 28 Plans. 6 marks. Bavarian High- etc. With 20 Maps, 879. G marks. :N, FLORENCE, and Routes to Italy jwa, with 15 Maps and 32 Plans. Sixth Edition. 1882. 6 marks. CENTRAL ITALY and ROME, with 7 Maps, 29 Plans, and a Panorama of Rome. Eighth Edition. 1883. 6 marks. SOUTHERN ITALY, SICILY, and Excursions to the LlPARI ISLANDsl^/^^J^^^HAi^), SARDINIA, MALTA, and CORFU, with 2^ Prans/ EighOfedition. 1883. 6 marks. LONDON an$ Its ENV|Rv Brighton, the ISLE OF Wight, apd^4§ .Plans. Fourth Edition. 1883. Y? ACK^ 6 marks. NORWAY and SWEDEN, with 2ri\Iaps and 9 Plans. Second Edition. 1882. 9 marks. PARIS and its ENVIRONS, with Routes from London to Paris, and from Paris to the Rhine and Switzerland. With 10 Maps and 30 Plans. Seventh Edition. 1881. 6 marks. SWITZERLAND, and the adjacent Parts of Italy, SAVOY, and the Tyrol, with 26 Maps, 10 Plans, and 9 Panoramas. Ninth Edition. 1881. 7 marks. THE EAST. LOWER EGYPT, with the Fayum and the Peninsula of Sinai, with 16 Maps. 29 Plans, 7 Views, and 7G Vignettes. 1878. 15 marks. PALESTINE and SYRIA, with 18 Maps, 43 Plans, 1 Panovama of Jerusalem, and 10 Views. 1876. 20 marks. THE TRAVELLER’S MANUAL OF CONVERSATION, in English, German, French, and Italian. 3 marks. May 1883. NORTHERN GERMANY AS FAR AS THE B ATARI AN AND AUSTRIAN FRONTIERS. MONEY-TABLE. (Comp. p. xiii.) Approximate Equivalents. American Money English Money French Money German Money Austrian Money Doll. Cts. L. S. D. Fr. Cent. M Pf- FI. Kr. — 1^4 — — 5 |8 — 6i| 4 — 5 — 2M 2 — 2i|* — — i‘|4 — 12iJ 2 — 10 — 5 — 5 — — 2iJ 2 — 25 — 20 — 10 — 10 — — 5 — 50 — 40 _ 20 — 12i| 2 — — 6 — 62i| 2 — 50 — 25 — 20 — — 10 1 — — 80 — 40 — 25 — 1 — 1 25 1 — _ 50 — 50 _ 2 — 2 50 2 _ 1 — — 75 _ 3 — 3 75 3 _ 1 50 1 _ 4 — 5 — 4 — 2 — ' 1 25 _ 5 — 6 25 5 — 2 50 1 50 _ 6 — 7 50 6 _ 3 — 1 75 _ 7 — 8 75 7 — 3 50 2 — _ 8 — 10 — 8 — 4 — 2 25 _ 9 — 11 25 9 — 4 50 2 50 _ 10 — 12 50 10 — 5 — 3 — _ 12 — 15 — 12 _ 6 _ 4 — _ 16 — 20 — 16 — 8 — 5 — 1 ■ — — 25 — 20 — 10 — 25 — 5 — — 125 — 100 — 50 — 125 25 — — 625 — 500 — 250 — IVORTB “ ^ES © jS B M i . . 1 S % -V ’ V . j < \ l -p, " r h ' ; \ . ; w / jl. y h *~ y s iT~s ' ** v... ,,s>, l C ' / :b~\ - } in-. • nr *fe ibn 1 3 1 .(’ ( ^ K / • r . \ ht : s > , VA / \ l ’ r^\/ /-v. i V— C/' i^-'° 4 "T p. ^ . kVjT r? *r ' ■ "TJSrrA ' NORTHERN GERMANY. HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS BY K. BAEDEKER. With 25 Maps and 33 Plans. SEVENTH EDITION, REVISED AND AUGMENTED. LEIPSIC : KARL BAEDEKER. LONDON: DULAU AND CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. 1881. All rights reserved. “Go, little book, God send tbee good passage, And specially let this be thy prayere Unto them all that thee will read or hear, Where thou art wrong, after their help to call, Thee to correct in any part or all.” Chaucer. n€ W'3jj K*i PEEFACE. The chief object of the Handbook for Northern Ger- many, which is now issued for the seventh time and cor- responds with the nineteenth German edition, is to supply the traveller with such information as will render him as nearly as possible independent of hotel-keepers, commis- sionnaires, and guides, and thus to enable him the more thoroughly to enjoy and appreciate the objects of interest he meets with on his tour. The Handbook is based almost entirely upon the per- sonal observation of the Editor, and the country described has been repeatedly explored by him with a view to pro- cure the latest possible information ; but, as many of the data in the Handbook refer to matters which are con- stantly undergoing alteration, he will highly appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which travellers may favour him. Those already received, which in many in- stances have proved most useful, he gratefully acknow- ledges. The Maps and Plans, on which special care has been bestowed, will often render material service to the tra- veller, and enable him at a glance to ascertain his bear- ings and select the best routes. The Plan of Berlin is divided into three sections with a view to obviate the ne- cessity of unfolding a large sheet of paper at every con- sultation, and is placed, along with a small clue-plan, in a separate cover at the end of the volume. VI PREFACE. Time Tables. Information regarding trains, steam- boats , and diligences is most trustworthy when obtained from local sources. The best German publications of the kind are the ‘ KursbncJi (2 marks), published at Berlin, and issued eight times a year, and ‘ HendscheTs Telegraph ’ (2 marks), published at Frankfort on the Main, and issued monthly during the summer season. Heights are given in English feet (1 Engl. ft. = 0,3048 metre= 0,938 Parisian ft. = 0,97 1 Prussian ft.), Distances in English miles (except in the case of moun- tain excursions, where the time they occupy is given as more convenient, and the Populations in accordance with the latest census. Hotels. The Editor has endeavoured to enumerate not only the first-class hotels, but also others of more modest pretensions, which may be safely selected by the ‘voyageur en gargon’, with little sacrifice of comfort and considerable saving of expenditure. Although changes frequently take place, and prices generally have an up- ward tendency, the average charges stated in the Hand- book will enable the traveller to form a fair estimate of his probable expenditure. The value of the asterisks, which are used as marks of commendation, is relative only ; those prefixed to town hotels and village inns signi- fying respectively that the houses are good of their kind. To hotel-proprietors, tradesmen, and others the Edi- tor begs to intimate that a character for fair dealing and courtesy towards travellers forms the sole passport to his commendation, and that advertisements of every kind are strictly excluded from his Handbooks. CONTENTS, I. Language II. Money. Travelling Expenses III. Passports IY. Railways. Diligences . . . Y. Excursions on Foot . . . YI. Hotels Page. xiii xiii xiv xiv XV XV Route. 1. Berlin * 1 a. Unter den Linden. P*atz am Opernhaus. Platz am Zeughaus 16 b. The Schloss-Briicke and Schloss 21 c. The Royal Museums. The National Gallery 25 d. Friedrich - Strasse. Gensdarmen - Markt. Wilhelm - Strasse. Leipziger-Strasse. AeussereFriedrichstadt. Belle- Alliance- 47 e. Bau-Academie. Ravene’s Picture Gallery. Luisenstadt . . 54 f. Kurfursten - Briicke. Rathhaus. Stralau Quarter. Konig- Stadt 56 g. Exchange. Monbijou. Synagogue 50 h. N. Friedrich-Strasse. Oranienburg Suburb. Luisen-Strasse. Moabit 62 i. Konigs-Platz. Thiergarten. Zoological Garden. Charlotten- burg 63 k. Environs of Berlin 2. Potsdam and Environs 67 3. From Cologne to Hanover, and to Berlin by Stendal or Magdeburg 75 1. From Dortmund to Diisseldorf 76 2. From Herford to Detmold and Bergheim. Grotenburg. Externsteine 3. The Paschenburg 81 4. Tangermunde. From Stendal to Bremen 81 4. From Cologne to Berlin by Scberfede and Magdeburg . . 83 From Elberfeld to Diisseldorf 83 5. From Duisburg to Hagen and Siegen by Langendreer . 90 1. The Westphalian Coal Measures 96 2. From Steele to Herdecke 91 3. Hohen-Syburg • 91 4. From Letmathe to Iserlohn. The Dechenhohle. Sund- wich. Klusenstein 92 6. From Cologne to Cassel via Arnsberg 93 From Hiimme to Carlshafen 93 7. From Cassel to Hanover 102 From Gottingen to Eichenberg 103 8. From Rotterdam to Hanover by Salzbergen 104 9. Hanover 165 10. Hildesbeim HI 11. Brunswick i ••••♦ • * viii CONTENTS. Route. Page. 12. From Hanover to Altenbeken 123 From Hameln to Lohne 123 13. From Warburg or Holzminden to Munster 124 1. Arolsen 124 2. Corvey. Valley of the Weser 124 3. Lippspringe 126 4. Drtiggelte. From Soest to Schwerte 127 14. Munster 127 15. From Hanover to Bremen 130 Geestemiinde. Bremerhaven 135 16. From Cologne to Bremen and Hamburg by Munster . . 136 1. Tecklenburg. Iburg 136 2. From Munster to Emden. Aurich 137 17. Tbe East-Frisian Islands. Norderney. Borkum .... 138 18. From Bremen to Oldenburg and Emden 140 1. From Oldenburg to Wilhelmshaven 141 2. From Oldenburg to Osnabriick 142 19. From Hanover to Hamburg 142 From Liineburg to Lauenburg 143 20. Hamburg 144 Environs of Hamburg. Altona 152 21. Heligoland 153 22. From Hamburg to Kiel and Flensburg 156 1. From Elmshorn to Gliickstadt and Itzehoe 156 2. From Neumunster to Oldesloe 156 3. The Dannevirke 159 4. From Schleswig to Cappeln and Eckernforde 159 5. From Flensburg to Diippel (Dybbol) and Alsen. Elens- burg Fjord 160 23. The N. Frisian Islands Fohr and Sylt. W. Schleswig . . 161 From Husum to Tonning. Heide 162 24. From Hamburg to Liibeck and to Stettin 164 1. Wismar. Boltenhagen 164 2. From Biitzow to Rostock. Warnemiinde. Doberan . . 167 25. From Berlin to Liibeck and Kiel 170 - 1. Travemiinde 176 2. Environs of Eutin 176 3. Rastorf 177 26. From N. Germany to Copenhagen 177 a. From Hamburg through Schleswig, Jutland, and the Danish Islands 177 b. From Kiel to Copenhagen by Korsor 178 c. From Liibeck to Copenhagen 178 d. From Rostock to Copenhagen by Nykjobing 179 e. From Stralsund to Copenhagen by Malmo . 179 f. From Stettin to Copenhagen ; . . . . 179 27. Copenhagen . 179 1. Environs of Copenhagen 191 2. N.E. Zealand. Elsinore 193 3. Excursion to the Swedish Coast. Helsingborg. The Kul- len. Lund. Malmo 195 28. From Hamburg to Berlin . . 195 29. From Berlin to Stralsund via Angermiinde ...... 196 30. The Island of Rugen 198 CONTENTS. ix Route. Page. 31. From Berlin to Dantsic by Stettin 203 1. From Eberswalde to Freienwalde 203 2. From Angermunde to Schwedt 204 3. From Angermunde to Frankfort on the Oder ..... 204 4. Environs of Stettin. Swinemunde. Heringsdorf. Misdroy 205 5. From Stettin to Wollin, Cammin, and Dievenow . . . 206 6. From Stettin to Breslau 206 7. From Stargard to Posen 207 8. From Belgard to Colberg . . * 207 32. From Berlin to Dantsic by Dirschau 208 1. From Bromberg to Thorn and Insterburg 209 2. Culm. Graudenz 209 3. From Czerwinsk to Marienwerder 209 4. Environs of Dantsic 214 33. From Dirschau (Berlin) to Konigsberg 215 1. From Elbing to Frauenburg 217 2. From Konigsberg to Pillau. Samland 220 3. From Konigsberg to Memel and to Grajewo 221 34. Froifr Berlin to Frankfort on the Oder and Posen .... 222 1. From Reppen to Breslau via Glogau 223 2. From Posen to Bromberg and Thorn 224 3. From Posen to Breslau 224 35. From Berlin to Breslau by Frankfort on the Oder and Sagan 224 From Guben to Bentschen (Posen) 224 36. Breslau 225 37. From Berlin to Gorlitz (Zittau) and Reichenberg .... 231 1. The Spreewald 231 2. Muskau 232 3. Environs of Gorlitz 234 38. From Berlin by Sommerfeld to Kohlfurt and Fellhammer (for Breslau) 235 1. From Kohlfurt to Arnsdorf 235 2. Flinsberg. Iserkamm 235 39. The Giant Mountains 236 a. Hirschberg, Warmbrunn, Schmiedeberg, and Environs 237 b. The Hochgebirge. Schneekoppe 241 c. Rocks of Adersbach and Weckelsdorf 245 40. From Zittau by Trautenau to Reichenberg 246 1. Oybin. Lausche. Hochwald 246 2. From Pelsdorf to Hohenelbe 248 3. From Trautenau to Johannesbad 248 41 . From Breslau to Liebau and Koniggratz 248 From Dittersbach to Glatz. Charlottenbrunn 249 42. From Breslau to Braunau and Chotzen by Salzbrunn . . 250 1. The Zobten 250 2. Schloss Fiirstenstein 251 3. Weckersdorf Rocks. Heuscheuer 253 43. From Breslau to Glatz and Mittelwalde 253 1. The..Glatzer Gebirge 254 2. Bad Reinerz. Cudowa 255 44. From Liegnitz to Konigszelt and Neisse 256 Eulengebirge. Silberberg. Grafenberg 257 45. From Breslau to Oderberg (Vienna) 258 1. From Cosel to Cracow 258 2. From Breslau to Beuthen . 259 X CONTENTS. Route. 46. From Breslau to Dresden 1. From Lobau to Zittau. Herrnhut 2. The Czerneboh 3. From Bischofswerda to Zittau 4. From Radeberg to Kamenz 47. From Berlin to Dresden a. Direct, by the Berlin-Dresden Railway b. By Jiiterbog-Roderau: Berlin- Anhalt Railway . . . 48. Dresden Environs of Dresden 49. From Dresden to Bodenbach (for Prague) and Tetschen (for Vienna) . 1. Lockwitzer Grund. Muglitzthal. Wesenstein 2. Lilienstein. Bielagrund. Schneeberg. Tissaer Wande . 3. From Bodenbach to the Schneeberg 50. Saxon Switzerland 51. From Dresden by Chemnitz and Zwickau to Reichenbach 1. From Floha to Reitzenhain and Annaberg 2. From Annaberg to Komotau 3. From Chemnitz to Leipsic 4. From Chemnitz to Adorf 5. From Zwickau to Schneeberg and Schwarzenberg . . . 52. From Dresden to Leipsic a. By Riesa From Riesa to Chemnitz b. By Dobeln From Grossbothen to Glauchau 53. Leipsic The Battle-fields of Leipsic 54. From Berlin to Leipsic . From Wittenberg to Cothen 55. From Hamburg to Leipsic via Magdeburg a. By Magdeburg. Cothen, and Halle 1. From Schonebeck to Stassfurt and Glisten 2. From Cothen to Aschersleben 3. Environs of Halle 4. From Halle to Cottbus and Guben b. By Magdeburg, Zerbst, and Bitterfeld Environs of Dessau. Mosigkau. Worlitz 56. From Leipsic to Nuremberg via Hof . . . 1. From Neumark to Greiz 2. From Herlasgriin to Oelsnitz 3. From Schonberg to Schleiz. Lobenstein 4. From Hof to Lobenstein 57. From Leipsic to Bebra (Frankfort on the Main) and Cassel. Thuringian Railway 1. From Leipsic to Eichicht. Zeitz. Gera. Saalfeld . . . 2. Battle-fields of Rossbach and Liitzen 3. Merseburg 4. Freiburg on the Unstrut 5. From Gross-Heringen to Straussfurt 6. From Weimar to Gera 58. From Gross-Heringen to Jena and Saalfeld 59. Weimar. Page. 259 259 260 260 260 261 261 261 262 287 288 288 289 289 290 294 296 297 297 297 298 299 299 299 300 301 302 308 308 309 310 311 311 311 313 313 314 316 317 318 318 318 319 319 320 321 321 322 322 323 324 327 CONTENTS. Route. Page. 60. Erfurt 61. Gotha ~ . 62. Eisenach and Environs 63. From Eisenach to Cohurg and Lichtenfels 1. Steinbach-Hallenberg. Tbe Chateau of Landsberg . . . 2. The Grosse Dolmar 3. From Meiningen to Kissingen 4. Romhild 5. From Coburg to Sonneberg 64. Coburg 65. The Thuringian Forest a. Eastern Part. From Rudolstadt to Gotha b. Western Part. From Eisenach to Gotha by Ruhla and Liebenstein 66. From Gotha through the Thuringian Forest to Hildburg- hausen 67. From Berlin or Halle to Cassel (and Metz) via Nordhausen 1. The Kyffhauser. Rothenburg. Frankenhausen .... 2. From Leinefelde to Gotha 3. From Leinefelde to Niederhone 68. From Brunswick to Nordhausen and Erfurt by Borssum (Harzburg, Goslar) 1. From Borssum to Harzburg and Goslar 2. Grund 3. Scharzfels. Ravenskopf 69. From Leipsic to Aschersleben and Vienenburg (Harzburg, Goslar) 1. From Halberstadt to Magdeburg 2. From Halberstadt to Blankenburg 70. The Harz Mountains I. The Eastern Harz Mts a. Quedlinburg b. Selkethal. Magdesprung. Alexisbad. Victorshohe. Gern- rode. Suderode. Lauenburg c. Bodethal. Rosstrappe. llexentanzplatz. Treseburg . . d. Blankenburg. Riibeland. Elbingerode e. Ilfeld. Neustadt unteFm Hohnstein. Stolberg. Josephs- hbhe II. The Western Harz f. Goslar. Okerthal ' . g. Harzburg. Ilsenburg. Wernigerode h. The Brocken i. Clausthal. Andreasberg 7 1 . From Cassel to Frankfort on the Main 1. From Wabern to Fritzlar and Wildungen 2. Excursions from Marburg 3. From Giessen to Fulda 4. From Giessen to Gelnhausen 72. From Gottingen to Bebra and Frankfort on the Main . . 1. From Niederhone to Eschwege 2. From Niederhone to Treysa 3. The Rhongebirge Index 330 332 334 338 338 339 339 339 340 340 343 344 348 352 353 355 356 356 357 357 357 358 359 360 360 361 361 361 363 365 368 369 370 370 372 375 376 377 378 379 380 380 381 382 382 383 385 xii MAPS. Maps. 1. Railway Map of N.W. Germany : before the title-page. 2. The Environs of Berlin: R. 1; in the separate cover at the end of the Handbook. 3. The Environs of Potsdam: R. 2; between pp. 68 , 69. 4. The Environs of Detmold: R. 3; p. 78. 5. The Westphalian & Lower Rhenish Railways: RR. 3, 4, 5; p. 82. 6 . The Environs of Hamburg: RR. 20, 21 5 between pp. 152, 153. 7. The Environs of Kiel: R. 22; between pp. 156, 157. 8 . The Frisian Islands: RR. 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23; between pp. 160, 161. 9. The Sound and North-Eastern Zealand: R. 27; between pp. 192, 193. 10. The Island of Rugen : R. 30; between pp. 198, 199. 11. The Islands of Usedom and Wollin : R. 31; p. 205. 12. The Environs of Dantsic: R. 32; p. 211. 13. The Giant Mountains: RR. 38, 39, 40, 41, 42; between pp. 236, 237. 14. The Glatzer Gebirge: R. 43; between pp. 254, 255. 15. The Environs of Dresden: R. 48; p. 263. 16. The Saxon Switzerland: RR. 49, 50; between pp. 290, 291. 17. The Environs of Dessau: R. 55; p. 314. 18. The Environs of Jena: R. 58; p. 325. 19. The Environs of Weimar: R. 59; p. 327. 20. The Environs of Coburg: R. 64; p. 341. 21. The Thuringian Forest (Eastern Part) : RR. 57,65 ; between pp.344, 345. 22. The Thuringian Forest (Western Part): RR. 57, 62, 65, 66 ; between pp. 348, 349. 23. The Environs of Liebenstein : R. 65; p. 349. 24. The Harz Mountains: RR. 67, 68 , 69, 70; between pp. 360, 361. 25. Railway Map op N. E. Germany : after the Index. Plans of Towns. 1. Altona; 2. Barmen; 3. Berlin (clue-plan); 4. Berlin (large plan); 5. Bremen; 6. Breslau; 7. Brunswick; 8. Cassel; 9. Chemnitz, with Environs; 10. Copenhagen: 11. Dantsic; 12. Dresden; 13. Elberfeld ; 14. Erfurt; 15. Gorlitz; 16. Gotha; 17. Halle; 18. Hamburg; 19. Hano- ver, with Environs; 20. Hildesheim; 21. Konigsberg, with Environs; 22. Leipsic, with Environs; 23. Lubeck, with Environs; 24. Magdeburg, with Environs; 25. Marienburg; 26. Munster; 27. Posen; 28. Rostock; 29. Schwerin; 30. Stettin; 31. Wartburg;32. Weimar; 33. Wilhelmshohe. Abbreviations. R. = Room; B. = Breakfast; D. = Dinner; A. = Attendance; L. = Light. — N. = North, Northern, etc.; S. = South, etc.; E. = East, etc.; W. — West, etc. — r. = right; 1. = left. — M. = English mile; ft. = English foot. — min. = minute; hr. = hour. — M, m. = mark; pf. = pfennig. The letter d with a date , after the name of a person , indicates the year of his death. The number of feet given after the name of a place shows its height above the sea-level. The number of miles placed before the principal places on railway-routes and high-roads generally indicates their distance from the starting-point of the route. Asterisks are used as marks of commendation. INTRODUCTION. I. Language. A slight acquaintance with German is indispensable for those who desire to explore the more remote districts of Germany, hut tourists who do not deviate from the beaten track will generally find English or French spoken at the principal hotels and the usual resorts of strangers. If, however, they are entirely ignorant of the German language, they must be prepared occasionally to submit to the extortions practised by porters, cab-drivers, and others of a like class, which even the data furnished by the Hand- book will not always enable them to avoid. II. Money. Travelling Expenses. Money. The German mark ( M , m.), which is nearly equivalent to the English shilling, is divided into 100 pfennings. Banknotes of 5, 20, and 50 m. are issued by the German Imperial Bank (‘Deut- sche Reichsbank'), and others of 100 , 500 , and 1000 m. by the Imperial Bank and by twelve other banks which possess the privi- lege. The current gold coins are pieces of 10 (‘Krone') and of 20 marks (‘Doppelkrone ' ) , the intrinsic value of which is some- what lower than that of the English half-sovereign and sovereign (1 1. being worth about 20 m. 43 pf.). The paper currency is of the same value as the precious metals. The silver coins are pieces of 5, 3 (the old dollar), 2, 1, !/ 2 (50 pf.), and 1 / 5 mark (20 pf.). In nickel there are coins of 10 and 5 pfennings (formerly groschen and half-groschen), and in copper there are pieces of 2 and 1 pfenning. English sovereigns and banknotes may be exchanged at all the principal towns in Germany, and Napoleons are also favourably re- ceived (20 fr. = 16 s. = 16 m. 20 pf., and often a few pfennings more). Those who travel with large sums should carry them in the form of circular notes of 5 1. or 10i., rather than in banknotes or gold, as the value of circular notes, if lost or stolen, is recoverable. Travelling Expenses. The expense of a tour in Northern Germany depends of course on a great variety of circumstances ; but it may be stated generally that travelling in Germany is less expen- sive, and in some respects more comfortable, than in most other countries in Europe. The pedestrian of moderate requirements, xiv PASSPORTS. who is tolerably proficient in the language and avoids the beaten track as much as possible, may limit his expenditure to 8-10 m. per diem , while those who prefer driving to walking, choose the most expensive hotels, and require the services of guides and com- missionnaires, must be prepared to expend 25-30 m. daily. III. Passports. Passports are now unnecessary in Germany, as well as in Austria, France, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland; but as they are oc- casionally required to prove the identity of the traveller, to procure admission to collections, and to obtain delivery of registered letters, persons who contemplate a prolonged tour had better provide them- selves with these easily-obtained credentials. The principal pass- port-agents in London are Lee and Carter, 440 West Strand ; Dorrel and Son, 15 Charing Cross ; E. Stanford, 55 Charing Cross; W. J. Adams, 59 Fleet Street. Custom House formalities are now almost everywhere lenient. As a rule, however, articles purchased during the journey and not destined for personal use, should be declared at the frontier. IV. Railways. Diligences. Railways. Railway-travelling is cheaper in Germany than in other parts of Europe, Belgium excepted, and the carriages are gen- erally clean and comfortable. Those of the second class, with spring- seats, are often better than the first in England. The first-class carriages, lined with velvet, and comparatively little used, are re- commended to the lover of fresh air, as he will be more likely to secure a seat next the window. The third-class travelling community are generally quiet and respectable, and the carriages tolerably clean. On a few railways there is even a fourth class, without seats. Smok- ing is permitted in all the carriages, except those ‘FurNicht-Raucher’ and the coupes for ladies. The average fares for the different classes are 1 4 / 5 d., 1 y 5 d., and 4 / 5 d. per Engl. M. respectively. The speed seldom exceeds 25 M. per hour, and the enormous traffic carried on in some parts of England, where hundreds of trains traverse the same line daily, is entirely unknown. These circumstances, coupled with the fact that the German railways are generally well organised and under the immediate supervision of government, render acci- dents of very rare occurrence. On most lines 20-50 lbs. of luggage are free, in addition to smaller articles carried in the hand, over- weight being charged for at moderate rates ; but on many of the lines all luggage in the van must be paid for. In all cases the heavier luggage must be booked, and a ticket procured for it; this being done, the traveller need not enquire after his ‘impedimenta’ until he arrives and presents his ticket at his final destination (where they will be kept in safe custody, several days usually gra- DILIGENCES. xv tis). Where, however, a frontier has to be crossed, the traveller should see his luggage cleared at the custom-house in person. Northern and Western Germany are now covered with an ex- tensive network of railways, but an enumeration of their names would probably bewilder the traveller and be of little practical service to him. In planning a railway journey the maps in the Handbook and the railway time-tables should of course be consulted. Diligences. The diligence communication in most parts of Ger- many is well organised and under the immediate control of govern- ment. The average speed is 5 Engl. M. per hour, and the fare 1 l / 2 d. perM. The vehicles, although cumbrous and uninviting, are tolerably comfortable. A single traveller may sometimes secure a seat by the driver. An ‘extra-post’ conveyance for one or more persons may generally be obtained on application at the post-offices. The average tariff is 6d. per M. for 1-2, and Is. per M. for 3-4 pers. Private conveyances may be hired at the rate of 10-15 m. for a one-horse, 12-25 m. for a two-horse carriage per diem. V. Excursions on Foot. The pedestrian is unquestionably the most independent of travellers, and to him alone the beautiful scenery of some of the more remote districts is accessible. For a short tour a couple of flannel shirts, a pair of worsted stockings, slippers, the articles of the toilette, a light waterproof, and a stout umbrella will gener- ally be found a sufficient equipment. Strong and well-tried boots are essential to comfort. Heavy and complicated knapsacks should be avoided ; a light pouch or game-bag is far less irksome , and its position may be shifted at pleasure. A more extensive reserve of clothing should not exceed the limits of a small portmanteau, which can be easily wielded, and may be forwarded from town to town by post. Northern Germany comprises many attractive and picturesque districts, such as the Saxon Switzerland (R. 50), the Thuringian Forest (R. 65), the Harz (R. 70), the Giant Mountains (R. 39), the environs of Kiel (R. 24), and the island of Riigen (R. 30). The student of art is strongly recommended to visit Dresden, Berlin, and Copenhagen ; and the archaeologist will find many objects of interest in the ancient towns of Hildesheim , Brunswick , Lu- beck, and Dantsic. By consulting the Handbook the traveller will discover many other interesting places, whether the object of his tour be amusement or instruction. VI. Hotels. The first-class hotels in the principal towns and watering-places throughout Germany are generally good and somewhat expensive ; but it sometimes happens that in old-fashioned hotels of unassum- xvi HOTELS. ing exterior, particularly in places off the beaten track, the traveller finds more real comfort and much lower charges. The average charges in the first-class hotels are as follows: bed 2Y 2 -3m., plain breakfast 1 m., dinner 3 m., tea with meat 2 m., attendance 1 m., light 1 m., hoots extra. When the traveller remains for a week or more at a hotel, it is advisable to pay, or at least call for his account every two or three days, in order that erroneous insertions may be at once detected. Verbal reckonings are objectionable, except in some of the more remote and primitive districts where bills are never written. A waiter’s mental arithmetic is faulty, and the faults are seldom in favour of the traveller. A habit too often prevails of presenting the bill at the last moment, when mistakes or wilful impositions cannot easily be detected or rectified. Those who intend starting early in the morning should therefore ask for their bills on the previous evening. English travellers often impose considerable trouble by ordering things almost unknown in German usage ; and if ignorance of the language he added to want of conformity to the customs, misunder- standings and disputes are apt to ensue. The reader is therefore recommended to endeavour to adapt his requirements to the ha- bits of the country, and to acquire if possible such a moderate proficiency in the language as to render him intelligible to the ser- vants. For this purpose Baedeker's Manual of Conversation will be found useful. Valets-de-place generally charge 2-3 m. for half a day, and 3 l / 2 -b m. for a whole day. 1. Berlin. (Comp. Plan at the end of the Handbook.) Arrival. A ‘controleur’ posted at the egress of each railway-station hands the traveller a metal ticket with the number of a cab , on his stating whether he wishes a first-class ( 4 erste Klasse 1 ), second-class (‘zweite Klasse’) , or luggage-cab (‘Gepackdroschke’). The vehicle is then sum- moned either by the traveller himself or by the porter. The ticket should not be given up till seats are taken. Porter 25 pf. for ordinary luggage; 50 pf. or more for luggage above the usual weight. Cab into the town : 1st class (recommended to those with little luggage) 1 m. 25 to 1 m. 75 pf., 2nd class 85 pf. to 1 m. 25 pf. ; luggage under 2272 lbs. free, boxes of 2272-55 lbs. 25 pf., of 55-110 lbs. 50 pf., of 110-220 lbs. 1 m. (comp, the tariff, p. 4). 4 Gepackdroschken' (see above), with two seats only, are ne- cessary if luggage is heavy ; tariff the same as that of cabs of the second class. Railway Stations. There are nine railway-stations at Berlin. 1. An- halt Station (PI. r; H, 1), Ascanischer-Platz , for Dresden, Prague, Vienna, Leipsic, Halle, Thuringia, and Frankfort on the Main. — 2. Pots- dam Station (PI. w; G, 4), Potsdamer-Platz, for Potsdam, Magdeburg, the Harz, Brunswick, the Lower Rhine, Cassel, Frankfort, Coblenz, Treves, and Metz. — 3. Stettin Station (PI. b; H, 3), Invaliden-Str., for Stettin, Stralsund, and Dantsic, and also for the trains of the Berlin North Rail- way (to Neu- Brandenburg and Stralsund). — 4. Ostbahnhof (PI. w; P, Q, 3), or E. Station, for Dantsic and Konigsberg. — 5. Frankfort Station (PI. w ; P, 3, 4) for the Niederschlesisch-Markisch Railway to Frankfort on the Oder, Posen, the Giant Mts. , Breslau, and Vienna. — 6. Hamburg Station (PI. b; G, 4), outside the Neue Thor, at the W. end of the In- validen-Str., for Hamburg, Mecklenburg, and Holstein. — 7. Gorlitz Station (PI. r; P, 2, 3), Wiener-Str., for Cottbus, Gorlitz, and the Giant Mts. — 8. Lehrte or Hanoverian Station (PI. w; F, 1), near the Alsen- briicke, for Hanover, Cologne, and Bremen. — 9. Dresden Station (PI. r ; G, 2), entered from the Luckenwalder-Str., for Dresden and Vienna. (This station is to be removed, and its traffic transferred to the Potsdam station.) The ‘Ringbahn* is a railway forming a complete circle round Berlin, and running for the most part beyond the precincts of the r extensive. — The P ' 10) J, m the l6ft wing ’ containf3 original and co- pied Christian inscriptions and monuments of art; the casts, arranged in prese n nt°d g ay al ° rder ’ lllUStrate tbe whole Kristian period down to the r nthTp*c? %y erS o^ y b< L long also the blowing buildings : the Library, Do- CkdWe "fn r ‘ ’ A he Dlss , ec } ir i? Room » in the garden of the Veterinary college (p. bi )5 the Chemical Laboratory , Georgen-Str. 34-36 (p 20)* the new Physiological and Physical Institutes, Neue Wilhelm-Str. 15, 16 (p! 62V the Institute for Pathological Anatomy , at the Charite (p. 62) ; and the Surgical Operating Room , Ziegel-Str. 6. V ) -> The Royal Library (PI. w; J, 2), in the Opem-Platz, adjoin- ing the Palace , erected in 1774-80, was built in imitation of the Royal Winter Riding School at Vienna, and is one of the most effective rococo structures in Berlin. On account of its shape it has sometimes been likened to a chest of drawers. The ground-floor contains the maps on the right, and the reading-room on the left (open on week-days, 9-4). The library on the upper floor is shown daily at 10 o’clock. Which T as fonnded in 1661 > now contains 900,000 vols. and 10,000 MSS., among which may be mentioned the MSS. and first im- pressions of Luther s translation of the Bible, Melanchthon's report of the ° f V?7 ms > Gutenberg's Bible on parchment, of 1450, the first book d oTi th movable types, the Codex Wittekindi , a MS. of the Gospels SaxnA w“hv Sa S d t( ? ba 7 e be v en P rese nted by Charlemagne to the ? a *° o n duke Wittekind, miniatures by Lucas Cranach , 36 vols. of portraits and autographs of celebrated characters, Chinese books, a small octagonal Koran important musical works, the air-pump and hemispheres with which Otto von Guericke (p. 87) made his first experiments, ’ a tasteful brick building, erected by Spieker in 187B73, the interior . admirably fitted up. The new Friedrich- Werder sche Gymnasium, a brick building, with terracotta embellishments, by Blankenstein, 18 also in this street. The Dorotheenstadt Industrial School and the Chemical Labor atoi y, both in the Georgen-Str., which runs parallel with the Dorotheen-Str. on the N., are buildings in a similar style. The Palace of the Crown Prince (PI. w ; K, 2 ; adm. p. 10), adjacent to the Opera, owes its present form to the alterations made by Strack in 1857 on an earlier palace, which was occupied from 1780 to 1810 by Frederick William III. The arch over the Ober- wall-Strasse leads to the so-called Palace of the Princesses , which contains the interesting art- collection of the Crown-Princess. Farther to the right is the Residence of the Commandant. Schloss-Brucke . BERLIN. 2. Route . 21 The * Arsenal (PL w; K, 2), erected by Nehring , Schluter , and Be Bodt in 1685-1706 under Frederick I. , whose bust is placed over the principal portal, one of the best buildings at Berlin, is a square structure, each side of which is 288 ft. in length, with a quadrangle in the middle. The exterior is richly adorned with fine sculptures by Schluter , among which the *Heads of Expiring War- riors on the keystones of the window-arches in the court are especi- ally remarkable for the vigour of their expression. The interior is at present undergoing a thorough alteration, and is consequently inaccessible to the public. It is to be re-opened as a Military Mu- seum and '‘Hall of Fame\ b. The Schloss-Brucke and Schloss. In a straight line with the E. prolongation of the Linden is the * Schloss-Brucke (palace-bridge), 106 ft. in width, constructed in 1822-24 fTom designs by Schinkel , and crossing the arm of the Spree which separates Alt-Koln from the Friedrichs-Werder. It was adorned by Frederick William IV. with eight groups in marble, over life-size, illustrative of the life of a warrior. On the S.: 1. Victory teaches a boy the history of the heroes, by E. Wolff; 2. Minerva instructs the youth in the use of weapons, by Schic- velbein; 3. Minerva presents the combatant with arms, by Mbller; ^.Vic- tory crowns the conqueror, by Drake. On the N.: 5. Victory raises the wounded warrior, by Wichmann; 6. Minerva inciting him to a new con- test, by A. Wolff; *7. Minerva protecting and aiding a coinbatant, by Blaser; 8. Iris conducts the victorious fallen warrior to Olympus, by Wredow. — The handsome parapet also merits attention. To the left, beyond the bridge, extends the Ltjstgarten (PI. w ; K , 2) , a square 247 yds. in length , and 220 yds. in width, originally a garden belonging to the palace, and afterwards converted into a drilling-ground by Frederick William I. It is now planted with trees and is enclosed by the Royal Palace (S.), the Cathedral (E.), and the Old Museum (N. ; p. 25). In the centre , on a pe- destal of granite 20 ft. in height, rises the equestrian *Statue of Frederick William III., by A. Wolff , inaugurated on 16th June, 1871, during the festival in celebration of the victories over the French. The pedestal is adorned with allegorical figures of Clio (in the front), Borussia with the Rhine and Memel on the right, Science with Industry and Art on the left, and Religion at the back. Beyond the statue , in front of the steps of the old Museum , is a huge Granite Basin, 22 ft. in diameter, and 75 tons in weight, hewn out of a solid erratic block of ten times the weight found near Fiirstenwalde. The * Royal Palace (PI. w ; K, L, 2) is in the form of a rectangle 650 ft. in length and 380 ft. in depth , enclosing two larger and two smaller courts. It rises in four stories to the height of 100 ft., while the dome above it is 230 ft. high. The original building was a castle erected by Elector Frederick II. on the Spree in 1451. 22 Route 1 . BERLIN Royal Palace. In 1538 Joachim II. added a wing by Caspar Theiss , facing the Schloss-Platz, the whole forming a handsome example of the Ger- man Renaissance, highly praised hy contemporary critics. Elector John George finished the enclosure of the E. court in 1580-95 and began another one to the W. Under the Great Elector, who at first directed his energies to laying out the Lustgarten, Nehring erected the Throne Room in 1681 , and the round-arched gallery on the Spree in 1685. The Elector’s successor, Frederick I., the first King of Prussia, determined to replace the irregular pile of buildings that had now arisen by a uniform structure of massive and im- posing proportions, and confided the execution of this task to the architect Schluter , who began his work in 1699. The gigantic scheme of alteration thus projected has, however, never been fully carried out, the part of the building on the Spree still retaining its original form. Schluter was succeeded by Eosander v. Goethe, to whom is due the architecture of the largest court and of the facade towards the Schlossfreiheit. In 1716 the process of alteration was brought by Bohme to a conclusion for the nonce , and during the reigns of Frederick II. and Frederick William II. comparatively trifling additions only were made. The spacious chapel in the W. wing, with its vast dome, was constructed in the reign of Frederick William IY. by Stiller and Schadow (1845-48), and greatly enhances the effect of the exterior. From that time to the present the exterior and interior alike have been undergoing a gradual process of renova- tion. — In the time of Frederick the Great the palace served as a residence for almost all the members of the royal family, contained all the royal collections, and was the seat of several government- officials. Nowadays Prince Frederick Charles (second story of the S.W. part) and Prince Leopold (ground-floor towards the Schloss- Platz) are the only princes of the blood who have apartments here, the rest of the building consisting of reception-rooms, rooms for royal guests, and the dwellings of a few officials. The exterior of the palace is in general effect massive and im- posing. It has, however, received but little of the intended plastic embellishment. The two principal facades, both by Schluter, display a pleasing diversity of style, that to the S. being distinguished by monumental severity, while that to the N. is enlivened with light and elegant details. The portal in the W. facade, by E. v. Goethe, is an imitation of the triumphal arch of Septimius Severus. The best example of Schliiter’s work is seen in the * Inner Court, which is surrounded with arcades on three sides. The block of buildings that separates this from the Outer Courts belongs to the edifice of 1580, but its ornamental details are modern. The S. portion of the water-front , next the Korfursten-Briicke , which is well seen from the Burg-Str., formed part of the castle of Joachim II. ; the adjoining, projecting portion, with the turret, was built early in the 17th century. Next to the latter is the gallery, built by Nehring Royal Palace . BERLIN. 1. Route . 23 in 1685, with details in the High Renaissance style. In the Lust- garten, adjoining the Schloss, is the Schloss-Apotheke, built in 1595. At the portal towards the Lustgarten are the Horse- Tamers, two large groups in bronze, by Baron Clodt of St. Petersburg, presented by the Emp. Nicholas in 1842. The first court is adorned with St. George and the dragon, a group in bronze by Kiss , erected in 1865. "Interior. Admission see p. 10. Visitors, who are only admitted in parties, apply to the castellan in the inner court, on the ground -floor to the left, and enter the palace by the large portal on the E. side of the quadrangle. The building contains about 600 apartments. The first room shown is the Schweizer-Saal, or old guard-room. Next to it come two Ante-Chambers, one of which contains portraits of the mother, sister, brother, and wife of Frederick the Great, by Pesne ; in the other are two portraits of the Great Elector as crown-prince by Pesne and portraits of Peter the Great and Catharine II. of Russia by Levitzki. The Konigs- zimmer, which we next enter, lies in the N. wing of the palace, and derives its name from the portraits it contains of all the Prussian monarchs and their consorts down to Frederick William IV. The Konigszimmer is ad- joined on the right or Spree side by the so-called Old Reception Rooms (Alte Paradekammern), the handsome floors and other rich decorations of which date from the early part of the reign of Elector Frederick III. (1688- 1713). The first of these is the Wainscoted Gallery (Boisirte Gallerie), with portraits of the Great Elector, his two wives, his parents, his chil- dren, and other relatives. The Kurfurstenzimmer contains portraits of all the Hohenzollern Electors, and is supplemented by an ante-room de- voted to the old Counts of Zollern and Burggraves of Nuremberg. We next traverse Frederick III.’s Oratory, the Kron-Kabinet, in which the crown-jewels used to be kept, and the Bridal Chamber, still used for the royal marriages. To the W. of the Konigszimmer is a series of Reception Rooms by Schlilter , all somewhat overladen with ornament. The Rothe Drap d’OR Rammer, which we first enter, contains a handsome silver memorial of the creation of the Order of the Iron Cross in 1813, and also a large picture by Camphausen representing Emperor William at Gravelotte. The Rothe Adler Rammer is adorned with Camphausen' s picture of the Great Elector and his generals. In the Ritter-Saal, or Old Throne Room, the gorgeous rococo decoration reaches its culmination. The well-designed allegorical "‘Groups of the four quarters of the globe , above the side- doors, are among the best efforts of Schliiter. The beautiful carving of the large central door also deserves notice. The gallery above it was formerly of solid silver. Among the gold and silver plate on the handsome side- board, mostly dating from the time of the first two Prussian kings, are two tankards by Jamnitzer. Above the massive silver thrones is a large silver shield presented by the town of Berlin to Frederick William IV. In front of the window is a massive silver column 8 ft. in height, presented to the present emperor by the officers of the army and navy in 1867 on the 60th anniversary of his admission to the military service. The Schwarze Adler Saal contains a large picture by Camphausen , representing Frederick the Great surrounded by his generals. In the Red Velvet Room are good portraits of the Great Elector, of Frederick I., and of Sophia Charlotte, wife of the latter, all in handsome old frames. The old Chapel has lately been restored in the original style and fitted up for the meetings of the Order of the Black Eagle. The Picture Gallery , 196 ft. in length, contains numerous portraits and scenes from recent Prussian history. Above the entrance-door, Peter the Great; adjacent, Sultan Solymanll., by Livens; above the other doors, Gustavus Adolphus and Maria Theresa. Among the portraits of other foreign monarchs the most interesting are: Charles I. of England and his queen, by Van Dyck ; Catharine II., by Eriksen ; Napoleon crossing the 24 Route 1. BERLIN. Cathedral. St. Bernhard, by David , brought from Paris by Bliicher. The portraits of Prussian monarchs include the Emperor William and Empress Augusta by Winterhalter , a large equestrian portrait of Fred. William III. by Kruger , and a fine portrait of Fred. William I. Among the historical pictures are: Steffeck , King William at the Battle of Sadowa. or Koniggratz, in 1866*, Kru- ger The Estates doing homage to Fred. William IV. in 1840*, Camphausen, Emp. William entering Berlin in 1871 ; A. v. Werner , King William pro- claimed Emperor at Versailles in 1871, presented by the German princes, We next enter the Konigin-Zimmer, containing portraits of queens, and then the White Saloon, a large hall in the wing on the Schlossfreiheit, 105 ft. in length, 50 ft. in width, and 40 ft. high, completed by Staler in 1857. The marble statues of the twelve Electors of Brandenburg were executed in the reign of the Great Elector. The Victory, in a sitting posture , is by Rauch. In the vaulting are allegorical figures and paint- ings referring to the eight original Prussian provinces. — The ad- joining Staircase is embellished with marble statues and reliefs. — The * Palace Chapel , an octagonal edifice , 113 ft. in height , and 68-75 ft. in diameter, is lined and paved with marble of different colours, and adorned with frescoes on a gold ground. The altar with its four columns is of yellow Egyptian marble, the pulpit and candelabra of Car- rara marble. The acoustic properties of the chapel are unfortunately very indifferent. The chapel terminates the series of rooms shown to the general public, but the attractions of the palace are by no means exhausted by the fore- going inspection, and a small party will generally gain permission to visit some of the other parts of the building. The most interesting of the remaining rooms on the second floor are the Neue Gallerie , the ’"Brunswick Apartments, the Thurmzimmer in the ‘Griine Hut 1 , adorned with views of the palace in the time of the Electors by C. and P. Graeb, the adjoining Kapellenzimmer, the Kleist Apartments, in the German Renaissance stvle, the Elisabeth-Kammern, and lastly the Apartments of Princess Elizabeth, in one of which Frederick the Great was born on 24th Jan., 1712. On the first floor are the rooms of Frederick William II., and also those once occupied by Frederick the Great, and afterwards converted into a *Suite for Fred. William IV. and his queen. The rooms of Fred. William I. on the ground-floor of the N.W. wing, afterwards known as the ‘Petits Appartements 1 of Fred. William II., are main- tained in the taste of last century. They contain Schadow s beautiful group in marble of Queen Louise and her sister. Distributed throughout these apartments are a number of paintings of the French school of the 18th cent., principally by Watteau and his followers, many possessing a high degree of excellence. The best of the larger works of Watteau, the ‘Departure for Cythera and the Arrival at Cvthera 1 , two other pictures by him of scenes at a Parisian art- dealer s, and the finest portraits by Pesne are all in the Elisabeth-Kammern. I he Hohenzollern-Kammern also contain several works by Watteau, including The White Lady , a spectre which traditionally haunts J the P al ^ ce J of Baireuth and Berlin, and periodically appears to portend the death ol a member of the royal house of Hohenzollern, is said to be the ghost o* the Countess Agnes of Orlamiinde, who murdered her two children in order that she might be enabled to marry the Burggrave Albert of Nuremberg, ancestor of the Electors of Brandenburg. The apparition is said to have been observed last in Feb. 1840 in the palace at Berlin, and Fred. Wm. 111. died in the summer of the same year. On the E. side of the Lustgarten , between the palace and the Museum, is situated the insignificant Cathedral (PI. w; K, 2), erected in 1747 and restored in 1817. It contains a monument to the Electors John Cicero (d. 1499) and Joachim I. (d. 1535), Oast by Johann Vischer of Nuremberg in 1540 7 and the handsojne Old Museum . BERLIN. 1. Route. 25 sarcophagi of the Great Elector (d. 1688) and King Frederick I. (d. 1718). Beneath the church are the burial-vaults of the royal family. The sacristan lives at Kleine Prasidenten-Str. 5, on the other side of the Hercules-Bridge (PI. w ; K, 1). — Music in the Cathedral, see p. 8. Fred. William IV. undertook the erection of a new cathedral more worthy of the great capital , but did not complete more than the foundations and part of a burial-hall for the royal family (Campo Santo), for which the distinguished painter Cornelius designed his spirited compositions illustrative of the Christian doctrines regard- ing Sin, Death, and the Redemption (p. 46). The Campo Santo now contains a series of casts of the statues and reliefs found at the Greek sanctuary of Olympia , in the course of the ex- cavations carried on there since 1875 at the expense of the German government. The finest are the two pediments of the Temple of Zeus, the :: ‘Nike of Paionios and the - Hermes of Praxiteles. Closed in winter. c. The Royal Museums. The National Gallery . The **01d Museum (PI. w; K, 2), on the N. side of the Lust- garten, an admirable building in the Greek style, the finest in Ber- lin, with an Ionic portico of eighteen columns, and approached by a broad flight of steps, was erected by Schinkel in 1824-28 (length 284 ft., depth 175 ft., height 62 ft.). The central part of the structure, rising^ibove the rest of the building and corresponding with the rotunda in the interior , is adorned at the corners with four colossal groups in bronze : in front, the Horse Tamers of the Monte Cavallo at Rome, a copy by Tieck ; at the back, Pegasus re- freshed and caressed by the Horae, by Schievelbein and Hagen. The steps are adorned with two large groups in bronze : right, ^Amazon on horseback, defending herself against a tiger, by Kiss ; left, Lion combat, by A. Wolff. The Vestibule contains marble statues of Schinkel (d. 1841) by Tieck, Ottfr. Muller by Tondeur, *Rauch (d. 1857) by Drake, Winckelmann (d. 1768) by Wichmann, and G. Schadow (d. 1850) by Hagen. The * Frescoes designed by Schinkel , and executed under the direction of Cornelius , represent in an antique style (on the left) the development of the world from chaos, and (on the right) the progress of human culture. (Schinkel’s original designs, in the Schinkel Museum, p. 54, with a key attached, afford more satis- faction than the frescoes themselves.) Short Wall to the left: Uranus surrounded by the Constellations. — Long Wall to the left: Saturn and the Titans conquered by Jupiter. The Dioscuri, the first distributors of light, precede him ; Prometheus steals the fire from him. Selene (Luna) drives her chariot to illumine the night, which conceals numerous figures, including art, love, and war, in her outspread mantle. Maternal love is developed; a child waters the earth with fruitful rain. A cock proclaims the dawn; Venus and Cupid arise; the god of the sun rises from the ocean amidst the music of harps ; the Graces soar upwards. Long Wall to the right: Spring, Morning, the Infancy of nations, 26 Route 1. BERLIN. Old Museum. Pastoral life, Hunting, Prize contests. The Muses and Psyche and the Genius of poetry minister to the poet. A youth traces the outline of the form of his mistress ; art begins. — Summer, Noon, the Youth of nations, Harvest, Music. Beneath the hoofs of Pegasus, whom the nymphs caress, springs Hippocrene, the fountain of inspired imagination. In the grotto of the spring cower the Fates. — Festive joy , Evening and Autumn of life. Vintage. Sculpture (with Schinkel’s portrait) , Architecture (invention of the Corinthian capital by Callimachus). Victorious return, Vintage festival, Dance of the Muses, Astronomy, Navigation. — Night and Winter; Luna descends into the sea. — Short Wall to the right: Mourning at the tomb. Beneath these are smaller mural paintings : on the left the myth of Hercules, on the right that of Theseus. . The Upper Vestibule, to which a double staircase ascends, is adorned with a copy of the celebrated ancient Warwick Vase in England, and with busts of the ministers Von Altenstein (d. 1840) and Wilhelm von Humboldt (d. 1835). The Frescoes, also designed by Schinkel (p. 54), represent the struggle of civilised mankind against barbarians and the elements. On the left, wild horses penetrating into a shepherd’s dwelling; on the right, the distress of an inundation. On the lateral walls the peace- ful avocations of a civilised people: on the left the domestic hearth, on the right summer in the open air. A line view of the Lustgarten with its fountains, the bchloss, etc., is obtained hence from between the columns. — The door leads into the gallery encircling the rotunda (see p. 30). At the hack of the Old Museum, totheN.W., and connected with it by a short passage crossing the street (p. 30), is situated the *New Museum (PI. w; K, 1), erected by Stiller in the Renaissance style in 1843-55, and the most important architectural work of the reign of Fred. William IV. (length 344 ft., depth 130 ft. ; height of the central part, with the principal portal, which is still closed, and the grand staircase, 102 ft.). The exterior of this edifice is comparatively insignificant, its chief attraction consisting in the rich and artistic internal deco- rations. These perhaps are almost too elaborate, as their tendency is to throw the contents of the Museum into the shade. The Entrance (adm. p. 10) to the Old as well as to the New Mu- seum is in the vestibule of the Old Museum, which is reached by a broad flight of steps from the Lustgarten (comp. Plan, p. 28). Passing through a massive bronze folding door, the visitor first enters th e Rotunda (p. 27) beyond which is the Hall of the Gods and Heroes (p. 27) , ad- ioined by the Greek and Assyrian Sculptures (see below) on the right, and the Kaisersaal and Mediaeval and Renaissance Sculptures { p. 29) on the left. From the Hall of the Gods, opposite the entrance to the Rotunda a stair- case descends to the ground-floor, where the Cabinet of Coins (p. 29) is situated, while a double staircase ascends to the passage (p. 30) which leads to the New Museum (p. 39) in one direction, or, in the opposite direction, a few steps higher, to the Picture Gallery (p. dU). The Director General of the Museums is Dr. Richard Schoene. — • Julius Meyer is Director of the Picture Gallery, Dr Gonze of the Collec- tion of Antiquities, Dr. Lippmann of the Cabinet of Engravings, Pro/. Ernest Curtins of the Antiquarium, Dr. Rode of the ConectiOnofMedi^ val and Renaissance Sculptures, Dr. Friedlander of the Collection of Coins, and Prof. Bastian of the Geographical Section, while Prof. Lepstus is at the head of the Egyptian Department. Old Museum. BERLIN. 1. Route. 27 1. Collections in the Old Museum. The *Gallery of Antiquities is chiefly indebted for its origin to Frederick the Great, to whose collection purchased at Rome by Bianconi that of Cardinal Polignac was afterwards added. It con- tains (exclusive of the sculptures from Pergamus , acquired in 1879) about 1000 objects, most of them of mediocre merit, belong- ing to the later Roman Empire, and freely restored, hut many de- serving of inspection, and a few of great value. Brass tablets hear- ing numbers are attached to the different objects. The arrangement begins with the "Rotunda, a large circular hall, covered with glass , and producing an impression of great spaciousness (adm. see p. 26). Between the columns supporting the gallery are eighteen ancient statues, the best of which are: — 9. Satyr; 7. Polyhymnia; 4. Mi- nerva; 2. Jupiter; 17. iEsculapius; 18, 1. Victories; ::: 13a. Amazon; 14. Juno. Above is the Raphael tapestry (p. 30). This room also contains at present the two ** Friezes of the Altar of Zeus on the Acropolis of Pergamus, discovered by the engineer Herr Hu- mann, and excavated by him in 1878-80 under the directions of Dr. Conze. These exquisite reliefs formed the artistic decoration of a huge altar to Zeus, probably erected by Eumenes II. about the year B.C. 180 in honour of his decisive victory over the Gauls before the gates of Pergamus. The larger frieze, the figures in which are of colossal size, adorned the exterior of the altar, and represents the triumph of the Gods, led by Zeus and Athene, over the Giants. About two-thirds of it have been found. The smaller and more pleasing reliefs from the interior consist of scenes from the history ofTelephus, the local hero of Pergamus. These sculptures are not conceived in the chaste and monumental style of the Parthenon reliefs, but are full of that strong dramatic feeling which was fostered by the protracted wars of Alexander and his generals. They also reveal a know- ledge of the human form, a richness of fancy, and a mastery of execution, such as are possessed by no other antique remains on so large a scale. — The other fragments of the frieze are (temporarily) exhibited in the Assyrian Saloon and the room adjoining it (comp. Plan). [From the Rotunda we enter the Hall of the Heroes, through which we proceed to the right to the department of the Greek and Assyrian Sculptures (comp, the Plan ; Pergamenian sculptures, see above). Among the works originally exhibited here are the following: Reliefs from the royal palaces of Calah and Nineveh, erected about B.C. 900 and 750 re- spectively, and situated near the modern Nimroud and Kouyunjik, repre- senting kings, demons, hunting and battle-scenes, &c. They are of alabaster, which has become grey from age, but was once painted in the manner indicated by the casts. Interesting collection of Cyprian antiquities. — In the Grseco-Roman Section: Helius and Venus, colossal figures; Torso of an Amazon ; Berenice, in black marble ; Thorn-extractor, a copy in marble of the Capitoline bronze ; Statue in porphyry, the flesh parts gilded, the head modern, restored as Vespasian; Male torso; Meleager; Venus, a copy of the Medici statue; Sella (throne) of white marble.] Hall of the Heroes, in eleven sections divided by columns, chiefly containing marble statues. First Section: **140. Boy praying, in bronze, perhaps by Boedas, son of Lysippus, found in the Tiber and purchased by Frederick the Great for 10,000 Thlr., the finest work in the collection; 124. Head of Pallas ; *112. Apollo Citharoedus with four Muses ; *111. Po- lyhymnia ; 79. Urania; *80. Euterpe; 106. Calliope; 98, 133, 59, 856. Busts of Demosthenes, Socrates, Themistocles (?), and *Euripides. — Se- cond: *217. Son of Niobe (after Scopas) ; *775a. Bacchante, a fine Greek work of the time of the Diadochi, or successors of Alexander. — Third: 121a. Victoria in gilded bronze, standing on a globe; 107. Flora; *755b. Leaping Satyr, torso of the time of the Diadochi. — Fourth : 140a. Statue of a boy, in gilded bronze, found in the Rhine near Xanten; *74. Girl 28 Route 1. BERLIN. Old Museum. playing with astragali. — Fifth: 131. Large Roman basin from the Thermae of Diocletian •, 78. Head of Juno*, 275. Isis. — Sixth: 325. Vase in alabaster. — Seventh: 151. Venus*, 155. Granite basin (like No. 131)*, 154. Bacchus and Ariadne. — Eighth: *150. Satyr and Hermaphrodite; 855. Silenus ; 158. Bacchus giving a panther water. — Ninth: 164. Silenus; 218. Bacchus ; 58. Alexander the Great; 22. Head of Venus. — Tenth: 180. Ganymede; 141a. Head of Pallas ; 226. Male torso, restored as an archer; 227. Ath- Plan of the First Floor of the Old Museum. (Gallery of Original Sculptures.) lete; 160. Hermaphrodite. — Eleventh: 159. Cupid bending his bow ; 235. Apollo and Mercury; 236. Antinous as Mercury; 264. Antinous; l?ba, "Head of Antinous, found in Egypt. — *224a-c. Three slabs of the frieze from the Zeus altar at Pergamus, presented in 1878 by Herr Humann ^ C ° Etruscan Cabinet. In the centre, 542. Sarcophagus. In the left cor- ner, 539. Urn in the shape of a house; 519. Sarcophagus in clay, with the recumbent figures of a man and woman on the lid; 566. Proserpine en- Greek Cabinet. In the centre, *146. Torso of a boy. On the left, 25. Bacchus leaning on a satyr, a fragment; without a number, -Head ot a girl, a Greek work of the 4th century. On the right, "773a. Torso ot. a colossal female figure with classical drapery (4th cent.) ; •‘219. Youth, in the heroic style, by Antiphanes of Paros, according to the inscription; *488. Torso of Marsyas ; *922f. Small Head of Apollo in marble (6th cent.) ; 922e. Serpent-relief from Sparta; two archaic reliefs, ’"Apollo receiving the prize of victory, *Apollo contending with Hercules for the tripod ; besides many Greek tombstones. f Roman Saloon, containing statues and busts of the latter period ot the Republic and of the Empire. First Section: 340. Germanicus (relief) ;; m dhe centre, *295. Ceesar in a toga; *291. Julius Caesar, in basalt; '293. Old Museum. BERLIN. 1. Route 29 Augustus, in green basalt; *299. Tiberius; 301. Caligula. — Second: 304. Vitellius ; 419a. Seneca; 307. Vespasian; 308. Domitian; *410a. Scipio Afri- canus, in alabaster. — Third: 408, 409, 411. Heads of Dacian barbarians from the forum of Trajan; 395. Marciana; 339a. Hadrian, in green basalt. — Fourth: 349. Lucilla as Felicitas ; 350. Julia Pia, as Urania; 362. Sabina, as Pietas ; 363. Marcus Aurelius in armour; 359. Trajan, a sitting statue. — Fifth: Busts of L. Verus and Septimius Severus. — Sixth: **873. Statue of Augustus, purchased in 1865 from the Pourtales Collection at Paris ; 404. Philip the Arabian. We now reach the **Mediseval and Renaissance Sculptures, at present very unfavourably placed in a small and badly-lighted room. The collection of works of the Italian Renaissance in marble, bronze, terracotta, and painted stucco is now unequalled out of Italy save at the South Kensington Museum and the Louvre. A selection of the works in this section, including Michael Angelo’s **Giovannino, or John the Baptist when a boy, an early master- piece, are to be placed in the Hall of the Emperors. Section i. *693. School of Michael Angelo (about 1530), Madonna and Child, a large terracotta bas-relief; *705, *706. A. Leopardi , Shield-bearers from the tomb of Vendramin (d. 1478) in SS. Giovanni e Paolo at Ve- nice ; 696a. Pigalle , Mercury in a sitting posture ; *1039. Donatello, Bronze figure of the Baptist, from the Palazzo Strozzi at Florence, executed for Orvieto in 1423; *1040, *1041. Bronze busts of aged generals by Florentine Masters of the end of the 15th cent; **1056. Mino da Fiesole , Bust of Piccolo Strozzi, dated 1454, from the Pal. Strozzi; *949, 950. German Master (about 1550), Busts of Willibald Imhof and his wife, in coloured stucco; *1067. Benedetto da Majano, Painted terracotta bust of Filippo Strozzi; *1037. Florentine Master of about 14150, Bust of Giovanni Ruccel- lai, in painted stucco. Section ii. **1043. Desiderio da Settignano , Bust in marble of Marietta Strozzi (from the Pal. Strozzi); *653, *660, 65oa. Alessandro Vittoria , Busts of members of the Grimani and Contarini families; Unknown Florentine Artists (about 1450-1500) , Several stucco and terracotta busts, including those of *Giovanni Ruccellai (?), Macchiavelli, *Lorenzo de 1 Medici, and Piero Soderini ; *1044. Fr. Francia , Terracotta bust of a young man (about 1500) ; *1042. Venetian Ai'tist (about 1480), Terracotta bust of an elderly man; 1061. Jacopo Sansovino , Portrait in relief of Cardinal Antonio del Monte (ca. 1520); *1060. Sansovino (Y), Bust of Piero del Monte, Prince of Montepulciano, in marble. Section hi. *1046. Mino da Fiesole, Ecce Homo, a marble bust; **667. Desiderio da Settignano (?), Bust of a girl, in marble ; *1045. Ant. Rossel - lino (?), Bust of a young Florentine, in marble ; *640. Roman Master of about 1490, Colossal marble bust of Pope Alexander VI. ; 614. Begarelli, Niche-decoration; 712. Flamingo, Cupid cutting his bow; *624. Bartolom- meo Buon (?), St. Jerome under a canopy. — This part of the Museum also contains many good terracottas in the Della Robbia style, excellent deco- rative works, mantelpieces, pilasters, etc., from Florence, Rome, and Ve- nice ; also bas-reliefs in marble, stone, and clay of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century. Opposite the entrance from the rotunda, a staircase descends from the Hall of the Heroes to the ground-floor of the Old Museum, containing the Library for the use of the officials, and the Cabinet of Coins. The *Cabinet of Coins contains 200,000 specimens, of which about 90,000 are ancient (55,000 Greek and 35,000 Roman). Some of the finest are ex- posed to view under glass. The collection of Greek coins has lately been much enriched by the purchase of the Fox and Prokesch-Osten cabinets (each of which co»st 15,0001.) and other additions. The collection of orien- 30 Route 7. BERLIN. Old Museum . tal, mediseval, and modern coins is also very extensive. The ** Collection of Italian Medals of the 15th and 16th cent., formerly in the possession of Elisa Bonaparte-Bacciocchi, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, is almost un- rivalled for its completeness and choiceness. Catalogue for sale. A se- lection of the finest medals , and the best of a small but choice col- lection of German portraits carved in box-wood and soapstone, are ex- hibited under glass. Visitors who wish to examine the coins more closely must apply to the director. The double staircase from the Hall of the Gods ascends to the Passage connecting the old and new Museums, where several casts of ancient portrait-statues are placed, whence we proceed direct to the Roman Cupola Saloon of the New Museum (p. 40); or we may turn in the opposite direction and ascend a few more steps to the upper or Second Floor of the Old Museum, containing the picture- gallery. The principal approach to the picture-gallery is from the vesti- bule of the Old Museum facing the Lustgarten ; a double staircase ascends thence to a landing, from which folding-doors lead to Sa- loons No. 11 (to the right, p. 36) and No. 1 (to the left, p. 33); comp. p. 26. — Another door on the highest landing of the stair- case opens on the gallery of the Rotunda (p. 27). As already mentioned , the upper walls of the Rotunda are hung with the celebrated ** Tapestry woven at Brussels for Henry VIII. in 1515-16 from designs by Raphael (now in the South Kensington Museum), being, like that at Dresden, a repetition of the famous-tapestry in the Vatican. The colours are unfortunately faded. It was once in the possession of Emp. Charles I., then in that of the Dukes of Alva, and was purchased by Frederick William IV. in 1844. The subjects, with which every one acquainted with the cartoons or the engravings from them is familiar, are from the Acts of the Apostles and the Life of Christ : 1. Death of Ananias ; 2. Christ giving Peter the keys of heaven ; 3. Paul and Barnabas at Lystra ; 4. The sorcerer Elymas struck with blindness ; 5. Conversion of St. Paul ; 6. Paul preaching at Athens; 7. Stoning of St. Stephen; 8. Miraculous draught of fishes; 9. Peter and Paul healing the lame man. (The 10th, Paul in prison at Philippi, has unfortunately been destroyed.) The nucleus of the ^Picture Gallery consists of the collections of Mr. Solly , an Englishman, purchased in 1821 for 750,000 dol- lars, and of a selection made from the various royal galleries in Berlin and Potsdam on the establishment of the Museum in 1829. The Solly collection forms the most extensive and valuable part of the gallery, having yielded most of the Italian pictures of the 14th, 15th, and 16th cent., most of the works of the early Flemish and German schools , and numerous examples of later Dutch and Fle- mish painters. The contributions from the royal collections embrace the masterpieces of the Dutch and Flemish schools, the majority of the German works, many of the Italian paintings of the 16th and 17th cent., and a small but choice cabinet of French pictures. Nearly all the works of Caravaggio and the other Italian ‘academics’ and ‘naturalists’ now in the Gallery once formed part of the Qiu- stiniani Collection , one-half of which was purchased at Paris in 1815. — After the opening of the museums the work of extension progressed steadily under Dr, Waagen (d. 1867), the first director, Old Museum. BERLIN. 1. Route. 31 who acquired numerous pictures of various periods and schools, though few of them were works of the first order. After 1840 the progress of the Gallery came almost to a stand-still, but in 1878, under a new director, the spirit of rivalry with the other European galleries gave it a fresh and powerful impetus. Since that date numerous admirable works of various schools have been added, the most important acquisition having been the Suermondt Collection , consisting chiefly of Dutch paintings, which was purchased in 1874 for 50,000L The importance of the Berlin Gallery consists rather in its re- presentation of the most various styles and epochs, than in its pos- session of masterpieces by the great painters, although it is by no means entirely deficient in works of the highest class. In histori- cal completeness it vies with the National Gallery at London, which has been formed during the same period and under similar auspices. Among works of the Early Netherlandish School the Gal- lery possesses the large winged altar-piece from Ghent by the bro- thers Hubert and Jan van Eyck , the finest work of the school, and the first painting executed wholly in oils. Roger van der Weyden , the best of the followers of the Van Eycks, is represented by three admirable altar-pieces. Petrus Cristus and Dierick Bouts are also well represented. The Yirgin and Child of Quinten Massys, who forms a link between the early Flemish school and the Renaissance, is one of that master’s best efforts. The Early Italian Masters are particularly well represented in the Berlin Gallery. The Madonnas with saints of Sandro Botti- celli and Cosimo Tura , the Pan of Luca Signorelli , the large altar- piece by Vivarini , the Pieta of Giov. Bellini , and the small portrait by Antonello da Messina rank among the finest creations of these leading masters of the 15th century. The Madonna of Andr. Ver- rocchio , the Annunciation of Piero Pollajuolo, and the allegorical piece by Melozzo da Forli are perhaps the greatest rarities in the Gal- lery. — The Golden Period of Italian Art is neither so fully nor so well represented. Of the four works by Raphael three belong to his earliest period, and one, the Madonna di Casa Colonna, is un- finished. Sebastiano del Piornbo is best illustrated in his colossal Pietk on stone and the portrait of a Knight of Calatrava. The admir- able altar-piece by Andrea del Sarto was spoiled by an attempt at restoration in 1867. The Assumption of Fra Bartolommeo belongs to the period of his co-operation with Albertinelli. His rare con- temporary Franciabigio is represented by two portraits, that of a young man being one of his best efforts. Bronzino , the best-known portrait-painter of Florence, is also illustrated by a masterpiece. — From the Masters of Chiaroscuro Leonardo da Vinci is unfor- tunately absent. Correggio , however, is represented by one of his most attractive works, the Leda. The Io is merely a well-executed copy, and St. Veronica’s Napkin is from the hand of a somewhat 32 Route 1 . BERLIN. Old Museum. insipid ‘Academic’ of the 17th century. — Titian , the chief of the Venetian School, is illustrated by a few portraits only. The Gal- lery also contains altar-pieces by Bordone , Francesco Vecellio, Tin- toretto , and Lor. Lotto , all of which, however, are inferior to sev- eral admirable portraits by Lotto. — The Brescian School is unusually well represented by works of Romanino, Savoldo , Mo- roni, and Moretto (a masterpiece]. Italian Art in the 17th Century is abundantly and well exemplified by a number of the naturalistic works in which it was most successful. The collection includes good examples of Cara- vaggio, Ribera (Lo Spagna), Salvator Rosa, and Guido Rent. Carlo Maratti contributes an admirable portrait; and from the hand of his pupil, the Flemish painter Ferdinand Voet, we have the celebrated portrait of Cardinal Azzolini, which has in turn been attributed to Murillo. Velazquez, and Maratti. — The second short revival of the Venetian school is represented by good works by Tiepolo , Ca- naletto, and Bellotto. , .. « The gem of the Early German School is Holbein s portrait ol the merchant Gisze, which formed part of the Solly collection, and is justly regarded as one of the very finest works hy this master. Two other admirable portraits by Holbein belonged to the Suer- mondt Cabinet. The want of genuine works by Barer is partially compensated for by the masterpieces of his two best pupils, Hans von Kulmbach and Albrecht Altdorfer. Of the numerous examples of Lucas Cranach, a few of the small portraits only are m his best style. Pencz , Amberger, and Bruyn, and also the early Cologne and Westphalian masters, are represented by characteristic examples. The Netherlandish Art of the 17th Century, the period ol the development of the two great national schools of the Flemings and the Dutch, may be studied here to great advantage in all its various departments. Of the works of Peter Paul Rubens, the ver- satile chief of the Flemish School, the Gallery possesses a small but choice collection, nearly all executed without the aid of pupils. The Raising of Lazarus is one of his best altar-pieces, the Rescue ol Andromeda and Diana at the Chase are charming examples ot his mythological style, and the St. Cecilia is unique in its bloom of co- lour. The unfinished Capture of Tunis affords an instructive in- sight into the technical method pursued by the great master. Ihe school of Rubens is also well represented. The talents of Van Dyck are exhibited in aPietk, one of his masterpieces, and m three altar-pieces of his first period, showing an exaggerated imi- tation of Rubens. The collection also contains good examples oi Diepenbeeck, Van Thulden, Van Mol, Adrian Brouwer , Snyders, and Fyt. The best works by Teniers the Younger are the Back- gammon Players, the Temptation of St. Anthony, and a Rural Feast The Dutch School is also well represented. Frans Hals, the Old Museum. BERLIN. 1. Route. 33 chief master of the earlier period, is nowhere else studied to so great advantage, except in the museum of his native town of Haarlem, the best examples of his skill being the Nurse and the Hille Bobbe. The paintings by Rembrandt include characteristic specimens in both his earlier and later manner. The two portraits of himself and that of the so-called Duke of Guelders are early works ; the two small Biblical scenes and the admirable portrait of his wife are in his most mature style ; while the beautiful portrait of a young woman at a window dates from his last period. Among the ten landscapes by Jacob van Ruysdael three are masterpieces. The Scissors-grinder of Terburg is perhaps his most finished work. P. de Hooch , Van der Meer of Delft, A. van de Velde , Du Jardin , and Wouverman are ad- mirably represented 5 and the gallery also contains excellent examples of De Heem , Huy sum, Rachel Ruysch, and other depictors of still-life. Upper Floor of the Old Museum. The pictures are arranged in strict historical order, interrupted here and there only hy newly acquired works, or in consequence of the alte- rations now taking place in the building, which will not be completed till 1882. We begin our enumeration of the most important works with Saloon 1., entered from the landing at the top of the double staircase (see p. 30). — Catalogue 3 m. Each picture is inscribed with the name of the painter and the date of his birth and death. Saloon 1 . (lighted from the roof). Left Side: 307a. Gir. Savoldo , Pieta ; *316. Tintoretto , Venetian Procurators kneeling before St. Mark • *197. Moretto , Fra Bart. Arnolfo and his nephew adoring the Virgin and St. Anna, dated 1541, a masterpiece of his later style; *166. Titian , His daughter Lavinia; 385. Procaccini , The angel appearing in a dream to St. Jo- seph; *191. P. Bordone , Madonna enthroned, a work of great richness of colouring. *151. Romanino, Pieta, ‘a carefully wrought panel, full of dash and Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 3 34 Route 1. BERLIN. Old Museum. tone’ ; *160a. Titian , Daughter of Roberto Strozzi, dated 1542; 237. Seb. del Piombo , Pieta; *320. Lor. Lotto , Portrait of the artist, ‘a line likeness with effective and dark shadows 1 ; 380b. Dorn. Feti , Elijah fed by angels. — End Wall : 428. Claude , Large Italian landscape, perhaps a masterpiece of Swanevelt , whose name it formerly bore; 441. L. Giordano , Judgment of Paris; 501, 503. Canaletto , Views of Venice; 496a. Fr. Boucher , Venus and Cupid; -426a. Maratti , Portrait. — Right Side: -413a. Velazquez , Por- trait of General Borro, as conqueror of Pope Urban VIII., trampling on the banner of the Barberini, a work of extraordinary effectiveness and masterly picturesqueness of treatment. Velazquez , 413c. Full-length portrait of Maria Anna of Spain, consort of Emp. Ferdinand III.; -413d. Dwarf and dog, an extremely clever coloured sketch. -369. Caravaggio , ‘Love the Conqueror’, brilliant in colouring and admirable in execution; -421. Salvator Rosa, Storm; 463. N. Poussin , Italian scene, with Juno and Argus ; -404a. Zurbaran , Franciscan miracle of the Crucifix, one of the artist’s best efforts (1629); 416. Ribera , Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, a replica of the celebrated work at Madrid; *373. Guido Reni, The Virgin appearing to the hermits Paul and Anthony, a masterpiece of Guido’s early style; *459b. Tiepolo , Martyrdom of St. Agatha, a large and fine al- tar-piece • *353. Caravaggio, Entombment, a masterpiece of composition and elevated expression. — End Wall : *468, *470. Watteau , Pleasures of the French and Italian comedy ; 494. Pesne, Portraits of Schmidt, the engraver, and his wife; *471. Lebrun, Jabach of Cologne, the banker of Louis XIV., and his family, one of the artist’s masterpieces. We next enter the series of small rooms containing the Suer- mondt Collection and numerous other works. Cabinet 2. To the left: *801c. F. Hals, ‘Hille Bobbe’ of Haarlem, the sailor’s Venus, a masterly study, broad and free in handling; 741a, 741b. A. van de Venne, Summer and Winter (1614) ; 791c. G. Terburg, The consultation (1635, the earliest known work by this master); 815b. Rem- brandt (?), Repose on the Flight into Egypt, resembling a fine early work by G. Flinck; 806b. H. Seghers, Dutch flats. — To the right : *85oh. A. Brouwer, Landscape, a clever sketch; *801a. F. Hals, Boy singing ; "872a. Paul Potter, Prince Frederick Henry setting out for the chase, somewhat faded (1652); 750b, 750c. Th. de Keyser, Portraits (1618); 861a. Cuyp, On the Dunes; *795c. Jan Steen, Falstaff and Mrs. Quickly, a masterpiece of humour and clever handling: 847b. Diepraem, Peasant eating herrings. Cabinet 3. To the left: *796c. Jan van der Meer of Delft, Country- house, with a charming sunny atmosphere; -8l0d. J. van der Meer of Haar- lem Sand-hills; *865c. Jan van Goyen, Winter landscape ; ;: 840a. A. van der Neer, Fire at Amsterdam ; *861b. Cuyp, River scene with cattle, with fine sunlight-effect. — To the right: No number, Rembrandt, Judith, an early work ; *828b. Rembrandt, Young woman at a window, a rickiy-coloured work of his last period. D. Teniers, *866b. Peasants dancing; 866b. At table, a youthful work. A. van Ostade, 855c. The doctor (dated 1665); 885b. Rustic interior (about 1650). *857. Teniers, Family of the artist ; No number, F. Hals, Portrait of a woman; Nonumber, -Rubens , , Small Pieta. Cabinet 4. *828a. Rembrandt, The Rabbi, dated 1645; 808a. H. Seghers, Dutch landscape, the only signed painting by thus talented friend of Rem- brandt, well-known as an engraver; 791a, 791b. Terburg, Portraits of Herr Marienborgh (uncle of the painter) and his wife; *842b. Aart van der Neer, Moonlight scene; *861c. A. Cuyp, Sunny landscape, a good example of his early style (about 1640); *905a. Frans Hals the Younger, Still-life, fine in tone and breadth of handling; *791e. Terburg, Portrait; mifttow. Full- length portrait of a lady; K. du Jardin, >: 848e. Morning, *848f. Evening Cabinet 5. To the left: 414b. Alonso Cano, St. Agnes; 413. Voet, Cardinal Dezio Azzolini (formerly ascribed to Murillo and Velazquez) ; 4Uba. Velazquez (?), Portrait; *459a. Tiepolo, Sketch for the ceiling of the Gesuati at Venice; 473. Nic. Lancret, Love-scene. — To the right: -478a. Ah*. Poussin, The Campagna, with St. Matthew and the angel, one of Poussin s best works in point of composition and colouring; 474. School of Watteau, Open-air concert ; * 465. Pierre Mignard, Maria Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarm ; Old Museum. BERLIN. 1. Route. 35 460. H. Rigaud , Portrait of the sculptor Bogaert ; :;: 484a. Largilliere , Por- trait of the painter Forest ; 489. Ant. Pesne , Frederick the Great (1739) : " Bellotto , View : of Pirna. — Back Wall : 499. Angelica Kauffmann , Her own portrait; 358. L. Cambiaso, Caritas ; 1023a. G. W. E. Dietrich Temple of the Sibyl at Tivoli; 1014. Balthasar Denner, Portrait; 207a. Milan School (about 1600), St. Veronica’s napkin (formerly attributed to Correggio). Cabinet 6. To the right: 356. M. Caravaggio , Portrait. **414. Mu- rillo , St. Anthony of Padua with the Infant Christ , one of the master’s finest works, originally at Seville. 408. Mateo Cerezo (formerly attributed to Murillo ), Mary Magdalene; v 467. Nic. Poussin , Jupiter brought up by the goat Amalthea ; 454. Tiepolo , After the bath. — To the left: **218. Correggio , Leda and her companions at the bath, one of the gems of the collection, acquired by Frederick the Great at the same time as the Io. 213. Gaudenzio Ferrari , Annunciation ; 222. Franc. Melzi , Vertumnus and Pomona, a masterpiece of this rare pupil and friend of Leonardo da Vinci ; *32. V. Catena , Count Raimund Fugger, ‘one of the most finished even productions of the master’; 125. Franc. Francia , Holy Family, an eariy work ; 245, *245a. Francidbigio , Portraits ; 174. Palma Vecchio, Portrait ; 216. Early Copy after Correggio , Io and Jupiter (original at Vienna). Cabinet 7. To the right: *307. Girolamo Savoldo , Venetian girl, ‘a subtle display of female character’ (replica with different colouring in Nationa 1 Gallery at London); *310. Tintoretto , Luna with the Hora? ; -190. Hans of Calcar, Portrait (1535). *338a. A. Bronzino , Portrait of Ugo- lino Martel li. an attractive work, noble in conception and harmonious in ?cr. 0ur * ng ’ 163. Titian , Portrait of himself at the age of 75 (unfinished) ; 152. Giorgione (?), Portraits ; 161. Titian , Portrait of the Venetian admiral Giovanni Moro. — To the left: *259a. Seb. del Piombo , Knight of the Order of Calatrava; *153. L. Lotto, Portrait of an architect; 197a. Palma Vecchio, So-called daughter of the artist. — Back Wall: 100. Bonifacio, Ihe Woman taken in adultery; *169. Paris Bordone, Game of chess. Cabinet 8. To the right : 280. Innocenzo Francucci da Jmola, Virgin and saints. Raphael , "248. Madonna di Casa Colonna, a charming though unfinished work (about 1508); 147. Virgin and Child, one of his earliest works; 141. Virgin and Child, youthful work; *145. Virgin and Child ™ s £; Jerome and Francis, a pleasing work of Raphael’s first period; -247a. Madonna del Duca di Terranuovo, the finest work bv Raphael in the gallery, painted about 1504-5, under the influence of Fra Bartolommeo and Leonardo da Vinci. Saloon 9, containing the Netherlandish masters of the 15th and 16th cent and early Flemish works. Back Wall : **512-523. Altar-piece of the Lamb, by Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, the first picture ever painted in oils the masterpiece of the early Netherlandish school, and the most valuable work in the whole collection. It was begun by Hubert for a Ghent patrician Vydts, and was finished by Jan after his brother’s death (142b-o2). The central portion of the altar-piece, representing the Adora- tion of the Mystic Lamb , surmounted by figures of God the Father, the Virgin Mary, and John the Baptist, is still in the Chapel of St. Bavon at Ghent; two other panels (Adam and Eve) are in the Museum at Brussels. AvSr rema i nmg P anels > six in number, were purchased by Mr. Solly for 4UUUC, and were afterwards secured for the Berlin Museum along with the j gentleman’s collection. The four lower panels (512, 513, 516, 517) depict knights, crusaders, hermits, and pilgrims moving in procession to the Fountain of Life (central panel, see copy by Coxie, No. 524); the two upper (514, 515) represent respectively a group of singing angels, and bt. Cecilia attended by angels with musical instruments. The back of the panels (seen from Saloon 10.) bears the Annunciation, portraits of Jodocus Vydts and his wife, St. John the Evangelist, and John the Baptist. ‘There is not to be found’, say Crowe and Cavalcaselle , ‘in the whole Flemish school a picture in which human figures are grouped, designed, or painted with so much perfection as in this of the mystic Lamb. Nor is it pos- sible to find a more complete or better distributed composition, more natura! attitudes , or more dignified expression’. The visitor is charmed otn by the naive and careful realism and by the brilliancy of the colouring. 3 * 36 Route 1. BERLIN. Old Museum. Right Side : 528. Jan van Eyck , Christ as the King of Kings (dated 1438)* *525a. Jan van Eyck , Man with carnations, a fine work, showing on a smaller scale much of the finished execution and powerful general effect of the Ghent altar-piece ; 525b. Jan van Eyck (?), Virgin in the garden ; 525c School of Van Eyck , Virgin in the church, with fine effect of light} *534a. Roger van der Weyden , Winged altar-piece with the Nativity, Pieta, and Resurrection. *535. Roger van der Weyden , Winged altar-piece, re- presenting the Adoration of the new-born Saviour, the Tiburtine Sibyl be- fore Augustus, and the Magi, painted for Bladelin, treasurer of Philip the Good of Burgundy, a masterpiece, remarkable for ‘the finish of the parts, the delicacy of the touch , and the gloss of the colours . 534b. Roger v d Weyden , Winged altar-piece with scenes from the life of John the Baptist (small replica at Frankfort on the Main)} 534. Descent from the Cross early copy (1488) of the original by Roger v. d. Weyden at Madrid. Dierick Bouts , *533. Elijah in the desert} *539. The Passover Petrus Cristus, 529a. Annunciation and Adoration} 529b. Last Judgment (dated 1452) 548a. Unknown Master (about 1480), Death of St. Sebastian} 573. Ger. David, Crucifixion-, *561. Quinten Massy s, Virgin and Child, a master- piece of luminous colouring, excellently preserved} 584a. Lucas van Leyden, St Jerome, one of the few authentic paintings of this celebrated Dutch engraver of the 16th cent. } *644. Schoreel, Cornelius Aerntsz 624. Hern de BUs, Portrait • 632. Lucidel, Portrait. — Left Side, to the right of the door : *574b. Qu. Massy s, St. Jerome-, *585a. Ant. Moro (Sir Anthony More), Two canons of Utrecht (dated 1544} one of his earliest works, before the period of Italian influence)} 608. Patinir, Rest on the Flight into Egypt -, 650 Jan Mabuse, Virgin and Child-, 1202. Dutch Master • (about lboO), Portrait. To the left of the door: 955. Th. van Thulden , Triumph of Galathea-, 787. A. van Dyck, Penitents-, *763. Rubens , Portrait of his son } T)95. B. v. Bassen, Church - interior (1624)} *782. A. van Dyck , Prince Thomas of Carignano (1634). Jan Brueghel, *742. Paradise; -688^. Bouquet} ' 76o. St. Hubert (figure of saint by Rubens). — End Wall: Van Dyck , 794. Pente- cost; *790. Children of Charles I. *798h. Rubens , St. Sebastian, an inter- esting youthful work, painted at Rome. Saloon 10. (lighted from the roof) contains works of the Early German School from the 12th to the 16th century. End Wall (opposite the Ghent altar-piece), the oldest works: *1207-1210. Nuremberg Master ( about 1400), Madonna and saints; *1216 a. Large Soest ^00) ; 1205a. Master of Cologne (about 1400), Virgin a * d . Chd&i' of Meister Wilhelm , Small altar-piece; 1225. Cologne Master (about 1450), Virgin in a garden; No number, Small Soest Altar-piece (about L50); *637 L. Cranach, Catherine von Bora. — Left Side: o56. Ch. Amberger, Emp. Charles V. (1532) ; *618. Cranach Patrician . of ,^^ te nberg : formerly erroneously called Luther as Junker Jorg (dated 1528). — Right Side . *596a. Hans von Culmbach , Adoration of the Magi, one of his master- pieces (1511); *582, 585, 587. G. Pencz, Portraits; 638b. Altdoi fer, Rest on the Flight into Egypt, resembling Diirer (1510) ; *638c. Altdorfer, Land- scape, of his latest period (1531). *586. Hans Holbein the Younger, Jorg Gisze, a Bale merchant in the Steelyard at London (1532) ; the simplici y and truthfulness of the conception, the careful handling of texture, and the luxurious surroundings of the apartment, which heighten rather than detract from the importance of the figure, form a conjunction scarcely paralleled in any other of Holbein’s works -583. Amberger, Seb. Mun- ster the geographer Amberger 1 s best work; "588. Barth. Bruyn, J. v. Ryht, Burgomaster of Cologne (1525); 589. Lucas Cranach the Elder, Car- dinal Albert of Brandenburg (1527); 584. Burckmmr, Rest on tbe Flight into Egypt (1511); 579-581. Cranach the Alder, Scenes from the Lite o Christ (other scenes of the series still in the Old Palace) ; 593. Cranach the Younger , Fountain of Youth; 603a. Hans Baldung Gnen, Winged altar-piece with Adoration of the Magi (1505). We now retrace our steps to the landing at the top ol the staircase (see p. 30), and enter Saloon 11. . , Saloon 11 (lighted from above) contains Flemish and Dutch pictures. Old Museum. BERLIN. 7. Route. 37 Left Side : :;: 781. Rubens , Helena Fourment, tlie painter’s second wife, as St. Cecilia (a masterpiece of his latest period) ; 762. Rubens , Coronation of the Virgin, partly the work of pupils ; *785. Rubens , Perseus and An- dromeda, an early work (about 1615). Frans Snyders , *974. Bear-hunt; *774a. Heads of dogs ; *878. Cock-fight (1615). *906b. J. D. de Heem, Fruit (1651) ; No number, Sal. v. Ruysdael , Cottages by the wayside ; *799. A. van Dyck , John the Evangelist and John the Baptist ; 866d. D. Teniers , Dives in hell ; *859. Teniers , Temptation of St. Anthony, with a portrait of the painter’s wife (1647); 801e. F. Hals , Portrait (latest period); *743. J. G. Cuyp , Portrait of an old woman, the masterpiece of this painter, who was the father of A. Cuyp (1624). Diepenbeeck , 964. Flight of Cloelia; Betrothal of St. Catharine. *967. Jan Fyt , Diana and her nymphs ; *832. Corn, de Vos , Daughters of the artist. — End Wall : *802. Rembrandt van Ryn , Samson threatening his father-in-law, who refuses to give up his bride, an effective work of Rembrandt’s early period (1635; formerly supposed to represent the Duke of Guelders); 811. Rembrandt , Moses breaking the Tables of the Law (about 1660); 828. Rembrandt , Jacob wrestling with the Angel (1659); *793. Terburg , Rustic family scene; 791. Terburg , The Visit (called by Goethe ‘Paternal Admonition’ ; a finer but damaged replica at Amsterdam) ; *800, *801. F. Hals , Young Dutchman and his wife, early period (about 1625); *843. G. Dou , Repentant Magdalene; *842. A. van Ostade , Old woman (about 1650) ; * 906. De Heem , Fruit and flowers ; 858. Van den Tempel , Portrait of a Dutch gentleman and his wife in a park. — Right Side : *778. Van Dyck , Pieta, a masterpiece of the period after the painter’s visit to Italy (about 1627-30); *770. Van Dyck , Mocking of Christ, a masterpiece of Van Dyck’s early period, when Rubens’s influence was paramount ; 788. Van Dyck , The Infanta Clara Eugenia, Regent of the Netherlands. Jan Fyt , 989. Deer-liunt; *883a. Hounds and their booty. 753a., 753b. Thomas de Keyser , C. de Graef, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, and his wife; 774b. Snyders , Fruit; *774. Rubens , Diana at the chase, animals by Snyders (about 1630); *831. C. de Fes, Portraits (1629); *844. P. Meert , Portraits, the masterpiece of this rare portrait- painter. — End Wall: *863. Jan Both , Large Italian landscape (1650); *893. J. van Ruysdael , The chapel (1653); *795. Jan Steen , Inn-garden, with portrait of the painter (in front); *792. G. Metsu , The merchant Gelling and family, a masterpiece in Metsu’s latest manner; *813a. G.Flinck , Portrait (1641); 892. Jan Hackaert , Italian landscape (cattle by A. v. de T^Zde); 807. G. Horst , Isaac blessing Jacob (formerly ascribed to Livens); 835, 835a. A. van Ever ding en, Norwegian landscapes. Cabinet 12. To the right: *801h. Fr. Hals , Tyman Oosdorp (1656); 766, 767. Hals , Portraits (1626); 855. A. van Ostade, Musician in front of a cottage (1640); *899. Ph. Wouverman , Riding-school (about 1660). — To the left : Ph. Wouverman , 900. Hunting-party, 903. Hay-waggon ; *750. Thos. de Keyser , Family-portraits (about 1625) ; *885d. Jacob van Ruysdael , Dam- plaats at Amsterdam ; *824. G. Horst , Magnanimity of Scipio, a master- piece of this rare pupil of Rembrandt (about 1640) ; 972. J. van Huy sum. Flowers ; 999. Rachael Ruysch, Flowers ; *809. F. Bol, Old woman (1642) ; 877a. Verspronck , Portrait. Cabinet 13. To the right: *884. Jacob van Ruysdael , Harbour of Amster- dam ; 899c. Ruysdael, Cottages shaded by oak-trees (early work, about 1648). N. Berchem, *896. Smithy; 836. Winter scene. 820a. W. de Poorter, Samson captured; *845. H. Mommers, Approaching thunder-storm. — To the left: **812. Rembrandt , His wife Saskia van Ulenburgh, one of his finest portraits (dated 1643, a year after her death) ; *875a. Jan van de Capelle, Calm sea; *895. Ludolf Bakhuisen, Sea-piece; 795b. Jan Steen, Tavern brawl; 99S. Jan van Huy sum, Flowers; *1001. Jan Weenix , Flowers. — Back Wall: 829. Gerb. van den Eeckhout , Mercury slaying Argus (1666); 820. Eeckhout, Presentation in the Temple ; *753. P. Moreelse, Portrait. Cabinet 14. To the right : *820b. Pieter de Hooch, Dutch interior, a masterpiece. Rembrandt, *810. Portrait of himself about the age of twenty- six ; *808. Portrait of himself , dated 1634; 805. Tobias discovering the theft of the goat, *806. The angel warning Joseph to flee into Egypt, two small pictures with fine chiaroscuro (1645). 802a. Barth, van der Heist, 38 Route 1. BERLIN. Old Museum . Portrait*, *972 a, *972b. Van Huy sum , Flowers; 807a. R. Roghman, Moun- tain-scene; *842. Aart van der Neer , Moonlight scene. — To the left : *840. A van der Neer, Conflagration of a town; *861. A. Cuyp , Sandhills in the morning • *801f . F. Hals , Portrait (1625) ; *886. Hobbema , Forest-scene (early wo’rk); 916. Joris van der Hagen , Dutch seaport. — End Wall: 823. Rembrandt , Rape of Proserpine, a youthful work of fantastic conception, unfortunately injured (about 1632) ; *815. G. Flinck , Expulsion of Hagar ; 431. G. Honthorst , St. Peter delivered from prison; 911. W. van de Velde , Calm sea. „ „ ... , ... Cabinet 15. To the right: *801g. Frans Hals , Nurse with a child, a charming work (about 1635); *876a. Melchior d' Hondecoeter , Water- fowl; 914, 957. Sal . van Ruysdael , Canal-scenes (1642); *922b. A. van de Velde River-scene, one of his early masterpieces (about 1660); bblc. A. Cuyp Cattle in a landscape; *837. Schalcken , Angler; 847. G. Dou , Old woman (a youthful work); 845b. Isaac van Ostade , Halt at a tavern; : 885c. Jac. van Ruysdael , View of Haarlem from the Overveen sandhills, a work of beautiful atmospheric effect. — To the left: *885e. J. v. Ruys- dael, View from the sandhills of Overveen, smaller but even finer than the last; *974a. Jan Weenix , Dead game; 903. A. van de Velde, Cattle (lb58) ; 854. G. Dou Store-room. Jan van der Meer of Delft, *912b. Lady at a toilet-table; 912a. Boy blowing soap-bubbles. *939. B. Peelers , Shipping; 888. L. Bakliuisen , Storm at sea. — End Wall: *963. Jan Davidsz de Heem, Garland of fruit, encircling a modern Madonna (by Karl Begas the Elder), dated 1650. The following cabinets at present contain the early Italian pictures. . __ Cabinet 16. To the left : *28. Giov. Bellini (formerly ascribed to Man- tegna), Christ bewept by angels, an early work of deep sentiment, show- ing Mantegna's influence ; *99. A. Mantegna , Archbishop Scarampi of FlO!- ence. Cima da Conegliano , *15. St. Mark healing the wounded hand of Antonius ; *2. Virgin enthroned, with the Child, and SS. Peter, Romualdus, Bruno, and Paul. 27. A. Mantegna , Madonna and Child; *17. Cima da Co- negliano, Madonna and Child. - To the right: ■■102. Sandro Botticelli, Madonna enthroned, with angels; *54. Melozzo da Fork (Mr Crowe sug- gests Girolamo Genga), Allegorical representation of the culture ot the sciences at the court of Duke Federigo of Urbino, forming one of a series, of which two other pictures are in the London National Gallery and one at Windsor ; *44. Bart. Montagna, Virgin and Child enthroned, with SS. Uomobono, Francis, and Catharine (1500); *107. Piero di Cosimo, Mars and Venus; *69. Fra Filippo Lippi, Adoration of the Child, one ot the finest of this master s easel-paintings, ‘of delicate finish and fulness oi impasto”; *51. Borgognone, Virgin enthroned. — Back Wall : 4. B< elhm, Pieta. Also several Madonnas by Gentile and Giovanni Bellini, Vitt. Oai Jl( sll0rt new catalogue 50 pf. ; a scientific catalogue by Friedrichs may be obtained from a bookseller. . I. The Gallery of the N. Court (PI. I), which adjoins the staircase (PI. II), contains casts of the most ancient works of the plastic ait Assyrian reliefs, early Greek statues and reliefs, and metopse, Inezes, and other architectural sculptures. n e Minerva III. Greek Saloon. Tympanum groups from the temple of Minci at JEgina (originals at Munich), tympanum groups •Parthenon by Phidias (originals in the British Museum), and similar woiks. New Museum. BERLIN. 1 . Route. 41 hv°fl.tvwV,f," Muml Paintings representing architectural views of Greece ^Pape ^ cient Athens and Olympia), Schirmer , Biermann , Schmidt , and IV. Cabinet. Laocoon group (original in the Vatican). , , iT OF the F a ar nese Bull. Group of the Farnese Bull (original at Naples). Figures of Apollo, Artemis, and Amazons. fifiA FigUre . S of Athene of different periods (among them, ena '. Med . 1C1 ) no _ w L n tlle Palais des Beaux Arts at Paris, and per- haps belonging to the Parthenon sculptures), and of Hercules : Menelaus with the body of Patroclus. Mural Paintings: Exploits of Theseus S;,^ eller ° Ph0n ’ and HerCules ’ by Ddge -> Steinbriick, Schmidt , and VII + Niobe . Saloon * Children ofNiobe (originals chiefly at Florence 1 ) nnd e thp t p enderm f °S Z T S and Hera ’ and Greek WOrks Asia Minor and the Grecian Archipelago. The stereochromatic Mural Paintinas re- (aTer n Geneli e L. ° 8061168 by Kaselowski > Henning, Becker, and Peters and RMnan^orkmansMp N ^ C “ tS “ d flgUreS ° f animals - of Greek theifsatS^ S = “bf^and buiIdi “SMe S igned hy Stiller and exe- CuP0LA S , ALO ° N (adjoining the passage connecting the new with tbe ' ° ld *. m ^ SeU ? ) o Roman bi storical-statues and threl large stereo chromatic Mural Paintings: Consecration of the Church of St Sophia bv Justmian, by^cw.r; Subjugation of Wittekind by Chari emagne de- gion of to? a tite a °by S! by ** 1 Christianit y adopted as the ’reli- XI. Mediaeval Saloon. Casts of Romanesque and Gothic sculptures in V^^uTch^^ d° b i488^ ^d^ ck ! lrc i 1BS • Equestrian statues of Colleoni by veriocchio (d. 1488) and of Gattamelata by Donatello (d. 1466) down to from those of Ghiberti In the staircase (PI. II) , as already mentioned , a flight of Ground Floor of the New Museum. Hall of Tombs. CZJ Mythol. Hall. II Vestibule. Hypostyle. Colonnade Court. Historical Hall. Northern Antiquities. Greek Court. Etlinograpli. Museum. I steps descends to the Ground Floor op the New Museum, which contains the collection of Northern Antiquities, the Ethnographical Collection, and the Greek Court, on the right , and the Egyptian Museum on the left. 42 Route 7. BERLIN. New Museum. The Northern Antiquities, arranged in twelve cahinets and along the walls, consist of various kinds of weapons, household utensils, cinerary urns, gold and silver trinkets, &c., provided with the names of the places where they were found. Most of them were found in tumuli, and belong to various periods, ranging from the flint to the bronze and the Roman. jThe stereochromatic Mural Paintings , by Bellermann , Muller , Heiden- reich , and Richter , illustrate the mythology of the North. W. Wall, beginning opposite the entrance: 1st window: Hertha, the Ceres, and Odm, the Ju- piter of the North; above them day and night. 2nd window: Baldur the northern Apollo , and Hulda, the goddess of domestic life, 3rd window : Freyr, god of spring, and Freya, his sister, goddess of love; above dwarf ship - builders. 4th window : Odur and Freya on the battle - held, marking with blood the dead who are worthy of Valhalla (paradise of the heroes); in the centre Valkyries (fates) conducting the dead to Valhalla; right Tyr, god of war. — Above the door : Odin , the universal father, left, the Valhalla, right, Helheim , the abode of those who have died a natural death. — E. Wall: wicked deities. By the first window left, Hel ; right, Loki; by the 2nd window Nornas (fates); by the 3rd window water- sprites, the griffin, and contest of the giants with the dragon ; by the 4th window Titania and elves ; Thor, god of thunder, in a chariot drawn by mountain-goats. . We next enter a room containing the extensive and instructive *Ethno graphical Collection, arranged geographically, and consist- ing of numerous costumes, weapons, and other objects from foreign countries, models of dwellings, etc., all provided with labels. Ca- The ? most* interesting sections are those devoted to Central and South America, Africa, and the Asiatic islands, the contents of which have been greatly enriched by the collections made by Dr. Nachtigcd , Dr. Schwem- furth. Herr von Richthofen , and other eminent travellers. Dr. Bastian, tne director of the Ethnographical Department, returned lately an ex- tended journey to Australia and Asia, which he undertook for the purp s of perfecting the collections of objects from these countries. The Indian Collection is in the old Mining Academy. - A new building for the Ethnographical Museum has been projected. , On leaving the Ethnographical Museum we pass through a door to the right leading to a passage with Egyptian casts, and thence to the so-called Greek Court, containing a *Frieze by Schievelbein, representing the destruction of Pompeii, and a number of modern copies of ancient and modern works of art in bronze (from the Berlin Industrial Institution) and plaster. — In a straight direction we regain the vestibule. The ^Egyptian Museum, one of the most important collections of the kind, founded by Passalacqua , and greatly extended by Lep- sius in 1845, is arranged in live saloons, the artistic embellishment of which contributes materially to explain the nature of the different obiects. Instructive catalogue by Lepsius, 25 pf. I. The Mythological Saloon is chiefly occupied by sarcophagi and mummies. The most valuable of the former placed under - glass in the centre, was found at Thebes. The mural paintings afford a survey ot the principal forms of the Egyptian gods. II Saloon of the Tombs. The - Tomb Chambers here ^ entirely covered internally and externally with hieroglyphics, were brought in fragments from the Necropolis at Memphis by Professor Lepsius, and le New Museum. BERLIN. 1. Route , 43 constructed in their original forms. Thev tII .. . Egyptian kingdom, dating from between 3000 and 2000 years before Ohrisf III. HirosTrLE. On the walls between the columns are mT™, C5 A niche in the back ^°" nd also contains pa py and dignUarie^rfhe^ingdom^ ZlumL^lLZs "itcriotvf ’ prfert ’j cabinet?^ ‘V'-’ chi ? fly of the later kingdom, B.C. ’ 1650 - 595 * "The^lass cabinets contain various snjaller objects of a religions anH ? laSS d ir'fr’o^- 0 ' mm g£S»««5tf!KStt^fa 1 ff °" ll A e hlghest landin g ° f th e staircase (comp. p. 39) , to the left is the entrance to the Cabinet of Engravings, open to the public on Sundays, and on other days to students only braces engraving^anT wood-cuts ^y^aste^of the e i5th49th^ent^ e draw" Z°M?r, Betiding “» i&rrazr.^*^ ™ m/mi -™se?a «,Z’ room^tlft the Col ! ection of Engravings is the entrance to the rooms that now contain the *Antiquarium g£ S HS lF2£?^iS 5KB mins*^— ^do^es^tic'^Ulte^of 1 thf”^M^s a *Iid^^" 3rd and’ 4th cent B C J „ o? ?n groa P'lf nd figures, date from the The gilded terracotta group/of the^roM^Z^r^: 44 Route l. BERLIN. National Gallery. ing off Helen, from the pediment of a wooden sarcophagus, are unique of thei RooMS II & III contain the Vases (the finest being in the last room but one) 2300 in number, a collection inferior in value to those at Paris, Lon- don ’ and Munich, but including many of great artistic value, and impor- tant’in the history of Greek painting and mythology. The extensive col- lection of Attic Lekythi, or anointing-vessels, is noteworthy. In the ‘SternsaaT is the Collection of Gems (Intaglios, receding, and Cameos , raised), and objects in the precious metals, to which Frederick the Great made a most valuable addition by the purchase of the Stosch col- lection. It contains a *Cameo of the Apotheosis of Septimius Severus, mea- suring 9 bv 7V 2 inches, one of the largest and most valuable in the world (purchased for 12,000 Thlr.). The glass cabinet in the centre contains the ‘’’Silver Treasure found near Hildesheim (p. 113), consisting of Roman plate of the time of Augustus. Some of the articles possess great artistic merit, especially four round dishes with reliefs at the bottom: Minerva, \ oung Hercules, Deus Lunus, and Cybele; and several wide goblets with feet. The * Antique Gold Ornaments from the Sabine Mts. were purchased for 60,000 m. (3000L). Casts and imitations of the best gems may he pur- chased of the custodians. 3. The National Gallery. To the E. of the New Museum, in the centre of a square sur- rounded with Doric colonnades and embellished with statues, flower-beds, and a fountain, rises the new r ^National Gallery (PI. w • K 11, designed by Stiller in accordance with a plan of Frede- rick William IV., and built by Strack in 1866-76. The building is in the form of a Corinthian temple, 200 ft. long and 10O ft. wide, elevated on a basement 39 ft. in height. At the S. end is a portico of eight columns, and at the N. a semicircular apse. The sculptures are by M. Schulz , Calandrelli , and Moser . The rich and appro- priate decorations of the interior, designed by Strack, are executed in more solid materials than those of the Museums. The collection in the National Gallery, the nucleus of which was formed by 20U pictures bequeathed by Herr J. H. Wagener (d. 1861) to the Em- peror William (then Prince Regent), now contains about OUU paint- ings, 100 cartoons and drawings, and 40 sculptures ; the names of the artist and subject are given on each work. Director Dr. Max Jordan. Catalogue, containing a description of the works and bio- graphies of the artists, lm. Admission, seep. 10 (Refreshment- room on the ground-floor.) A . A . .. „ - Ground Floor. The vestibule , adorned with fpw an^ver^f modern German artists, leads in a straight direction to the Transverse Corridor, whilst the staircase to the left leads to the second flooi. The vaulting of this corridor is decorated by Ernst Ewald with paintings of Icenes from the legend of the Nibelungen. On the left stands a vase of avanturine, on the right a marble figure of -Hebe by ' f 0n t t ^ right we reach the picture-saloons. As the arrangement is lrequentiy changed, we give a list of the most important works ma ^ Paintings. Andreas Achenbach , 1. Autumnal landscape, 2. O » , 3 Sclieveningen. Oswald Achenbach, -4. Villa Tor oma at Frascati ^399. Market place of Amalfi. Franz Adam, 8. Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow; 446. Charge of cavalry at Sedan. _ n oo C. Becker, 7. Charles V. visiting Fugger, the linker, ft Begas 22 Washing a blackamoor. Ed. Bendemann, 24. Jeremiah at the fall ol .le National Gallery. BERLIN. 1. Route. 45 rusalem. Riefve i (Belgian school), 26. Compromise of the nobles of the Netherlands in 1566 Biermann, 27. The Wetterhorn. Bleibtreu , *32. Cross- ing to Aisen in 1864 ; 33. Battle of Koniggratz. Bochmann, -447. Wharf in S. Holland. Bocklin, - 448. Fields of the Blessed. Bokelmann, -463. Opening the will. J. Brandt , 449. Battle of Tartars. Brendel -42. Re- turning to the village. ’ Calame (Geneva) , -49. Lake of Lucerne; 50. Mountain-ravine. Camp- hausen, -51. Cromwell s Ironsides; 52. After the taking of Diippel, 1864. Cornelius , 56. Hagen sinking the Nibelungen treasure in the Rhine. Lm 1 40a Tyrolese militia going home in 1809. R. von Deutsch , 4o0. Rape of Helen. Franz Dreber , 406. Landscape, with Diana hunting; 407. Autumnal morning in the Sabine Mts. Diicker , 451. In the island of Riigen. A. Feuerbach, 452. Plato s banquet (on the wall of the staircase). Gallait (Belgian), 84. Egmont’s last moments. Gauermann, 86. Yillage- smithy in Saizburg. Gebhardt * 87. The Last Supper. Geb er, -88. Art- cntics m the stable Gentz , 408. The Crown Prince of Prussia entering qi eri pSiTinf? ■ ^ * 89 ' Huntin g in the 18th century. C. Grab, 91. Rood-loft in the cathedral of Halberstadt. Gude , -96. On the coast of Norway. Gunther, -100. The widower. 4 i°' ,T heatre Marcellus at Rome. Hasenclever , -108. Wine- R ™? m %- T0 To nneberg , 423. The Wild Huntsman ; 424. Honour lost, all lost ; -118. Pursuit of fortune. Hertel , -120. Young Ger- i%i SS h i2 A' Jy r , ole /® .landscape; 122. Cattle in a meadow. 13i ** field Komggratz. Hiddemann , 132. Prussian re- S S v the ti m e ot Frederick the Great. Ed. Hildebrandt , -133. “ 134 - Winter scene; -135. Evening on the sea-shore; his'rhflrl 1 ^5 r ^iqq r ^T 1 H - el / in . g0r - TK Hildebrand , 137. The warrior and his child. Hoff, 139. Christening a posthumous child. H. Hofmann , 411. Christ preaching on the sea -shore. Hoguet , 140. The last mill nn thn Montmartre. Hiinten 442. Cavalry engagement at Elsasshausen , 1870. thP niVIt * S °? e l T of marriage in Heligoland; -152. Death of ith? ’ . j • Windlass in Normandy ; -154. Dutch asylum for old men • Holstein. 6 ° W S comfort - Irmer > * 4 *2. Dicksee near Gremsmiihlen, in 170 m W S- 169, the old have sung, so chirrup the young 1 . Knille, Jl ^ , aUS fJo ai !? Ve nus K ^ner, -434. Autumn landscape with deer. £fl&pilX P Kuhling, 195. Cattle at pasture. G. Kuntz, Lenbach, 455 Portrait of Moltke; 472. Bismarck. Lessing, -203 Scene Ilus^at^the^ stake S u'^f 15 206, S Q™ P ' shooters in a ravine; 207. 208 ‘ Hussite sermon; =392. Thunder-storm in the Eifel. focietv it fhP 17 1 fh enSe ^ n ofT Handersteg, II. Leys (Belgian), 210. Dutch ing on the^sai^ 1 21L Durer paintin S Erasmus. Lier, -435. Even- hom^/^l 25 -- P °n trait of Jenn y Lind - Makart , -443. Venice doing homage to Catherina Cornaro (on the staircase). Ad. Menzel, -218. Fred- erick II. s round table at Sanssouci in 1750; -219. Flute - concert r e i“ j! Sanssouciby Frederick the Great; -220. Iron-foundry (‘Modern Meyer of Bremen, 223. Little housewife. Ed. Meyerheim, 224. 225/Antiqu ary a rf rm S Urdam gi ^ CWldren ' **“' M^rkeirn, PreUer Ck lil S \li ° f William ; 248. Empress Augusta. <54 r ’ ./ ria ^ landscape; 416. On the coast of Norway. Preyer 255. Desert-fruRs. Dorn Quaglio , 259. Fish-market at Antwerp 7 V ’ Rani , 2bb. Persecution of Christians. GwsL Richter 272 Tairu ™ 7 a ? d Vemce > already mentioned, and two cartoons by Schnorr von Carolsfeld , representing Siegfried’s return from the Saxon wars and the Burial of the Burgundians. — The Centeal ins°bf ?W TOOO sketch..*’ c « ntains the Collection of Drawings, consist- ing ot about (UUU sketches and water-colours bv German avffrt* nf fhp et r cT Th?‘f Ury f«^V, Ed. Bildlbrandt^rUger^SoLorr, • i £ h 7? ve ca rt°ons for RetheVs scenes from the life of Charlemagne Ibe R adhhaus at Aix-la-Chapelle, are also exhibited here. * ’ p M ^ P ° int ,° f t i 1G Museum -islarul is occupied by the so-called Pa ° k J l0 f t P1 - . K > 1 f boiled warehouses), designed by Schinkel, and by the building m which the Exhibitions of the Academy of Art are at present held (see p. 19). u d. Friedrich- Strasse. Gensdarmen-Markt. Wilhelm- Strasse. Leipzig er-Slrasse. Aeussere Friedrichstadt. Belle- Alliance- Plalz. To the S. of the Linden begins the Friedrich-Stadt fp 13) the most regukrly built quarter of Berlin, founded by Frederick I. and Frederick William I. It was formerly a dull part of the town, ut the N. part of it next the Linden is now the great centre of business and the principal rendezvous of travellers. The most im- 48 Route 1. BERLIN. Schiller- Platz. portant streets intersecting it are the Friedrich-Str. from N. to S., the Wilhelm-Str. to the W. (p. 49), and the Charlotten - and Mark- grafen-Str. to the E. The principal cross-streets are the Behren- Str.j containing several of the chief banks of Berlin and many hand- some buildings which have sprung up within the last few years, and the busy Leipzig er- Str. (p. 50). The Friedrich-Strasse, which runs nearly due N. and S., is the longest street in the inner town, measuring (with its prolon- gation to the N. of the Linden, p. 62) 2 M. from the (former) Ora- nienburg to the (former) Halle Gate, and iy 4 M. from the Linden to the Halle Gate. The busiest parts of it are between the Linden and the Leipziger-Str. (p. 50), and between the Linden and the Dorotheen-Strasse. The office of the Germania Insurance Company , at the corner of the Franzosische-Str., is a handsome edifice in the German Renaissance style, with columns of polished granite. In the N. part of the Friedrich-Stadt, a few paces from the square by the Opera House (p. 19) and the Linden, is situated the *Gensdarmen-Markt (PL w ; J, 3), the centre part £>f which is now officially called the ‘Schiller-Platz’, with the Schauspiel- Haus, the French Church, the New Church, and several handsome private edifices of last century. The three buildings just named form the finest architectural group in Berlin ; their outline is very effective by moonlight. The *Schauspielhaus , or Theatre (PI. w; J, 3), 84 yds. long, 55 yds. in depth, and 125 ft. in height, was erected by Schinkel in 1819-21, to replace the original building which was burned down in 1817. The skilful application of Greek forms to a modern edifice of several stories and the vigorous articulation render it one of Schinkel’s finest works ; some defects (such as the entrance) arc due to the cramping nature of his instructions and to the necessity of using the old walls. The principal facade towards the E. is em- bellished with an Ionic portico, approached by a prominent flight of steps, under which are the entrances for the spectators. At the sides of the steps are two groups in bronze by F. Tieck , genii rid- ing on a panther and a lion. The tympanum of the portico con- tains a Group of the Children of Niobe in sandstone, by the same sculptor. The summit of the principal part of the building is crowned with an Apollo in a chariot drawn by two griffins, a group in bronze by Rauch and Tieck , in the tympanum beneath which are Melpomene and Polyhymnia. On the W. summit of the build- ing, corresponding to the Apollo, is a Pegasus in copper. The large N. tympanum contains the ^Triumphal Procession of Bacchus with Ariadne; in the S. tympanum, Orpheus bringing back Eurydice, both by F. Tieck , and probably his finest works. Besides the theatre, in which there are seats for 1500 spectators, the building contains a large *Concert Room , capable of accommodating 1200 persons. This finely-proportioned hall, richly ornamented with Wilhelm-Strasse. BERLIN. 1. Route. 49 paintings and sculptures, and probably the best of Schinkel’s in- teriors, has just been restored. In front of the steps of the theatre stands the Monument of Schiller, 19 ft. in height, in marble, by Begas. The figure of the poet, 9 ft. m height, stands on a pedestal originally destined to serve as a fountain , and adorned at the corners with allegorical figures of lyric and drajnatic poetry, historical composition and phil- osophy. r ■ To tlle N - of the theatre is the French Church, to the S. the New Church, or German Cathedral , both indifferent works of the begin- " ln S of ^ ast ce 'itury, provided by Gontard in the reign of Frederick Son. 4 handsome detached towers covered with domes (/dU ft. in height). r Th ® *Wilhelm-Strasse (PI. w ; H, 3, 4, and r, J, 1, 2), which orms the W. boundary of the Friedrich-Stadt, diverges from the Linden near the Pariser-Platz towards the S.E., and like the Frie- dnch-Strasse terminates in the Belle-Alliance-Platz (p. 53). The N. half of this street is considered the most aristocratic quarter of the city. No. 70, on the right, close to the Linden, is the Eng- lish Embassy. No. 72, on the right, is the Palace of Princes Alexan- der and George of Prussia. Opposite, to the left, No. 07, is Hr Pnngsheims House, built by Ebe # Benda in 1873, with a poly- chrome facade, and a mosaic frieze by Anton von Werner. No. 73 on the right, is the house of the Minister of the Household ■ No. 74 is the office of the Chancellor of the Empire. No. 65, opposite, to the left, is the residence of the Minister of Justice ; No. 63 is the Palace of Count Stolberg. Then on the right, No. 76, part of (lie foreign office. No. 77 is the Residence of the Chancellor of the Em- pire, where the Congress of European Powers for the settlement of the Eastern Question met from 13th June to 13th July, 1878 Wo. 78 is the new palace of the Prince of Pless, designed by the hrench architect Destailleurs, and partly built by French masons, in the style of the period of Louis XIII. On the opposite side of the street is the Wilhklms-Platz (PI. w - H, 3), adorned with flower-beds and with Statues of six heroes of the three Silesian wars of Frederick the Great: Schwerin, who fell at Prague in 1757; Winterfeldt, Frederick’s favourite, who fell at Moys, near Gorlitz, in 1757 ; Seydlitz, the hero of Rossbach, who died in 17<3; Keith, who fell at Hochkirch in 1758; the gallant Zieten, who died in 1786 ; and *Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau the victor at Eesselsdorf, who died in 1747. The marble statues with which the Platz was formerly embellished were replaced by bronze statues in 1862, Schwerin and Winterfeldt having been newly designed by Kiss , and the others copied from the original figures, of which Zieten and Leopold of Dessau were by Schadow On the N. side of the Wilhelms-Platz is the Palace of Prince Charles (PI. w ; H, 3), erected in 1737, and remodelled by Schinkel Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 4 50 Route 7. BERLIN. Leipzig er-Stras$e . in 1827-28. The *Museum of Weapons (adm. p. 10 ; visitors apply to the major-domo, Wilhelms-Platz 8) on the ground-floor, containing some admirable specimens of Italian workmanship of different cen- turies, is well worth seeing. To the E. of the square lies the Kai- serhof (p. 1), built in 1873-75, with its principal facade towards the Zieten-Platz ; close to it is the Church of the Trinity , of which Schleiermacher, the eminent preacher and philosopher, was pastor from 1809 until his death in 1834. On the S. side of the Wilhelms-Platz rises the imposing new building of the Foreign Office of the German Empire , in sandstone, erected by W. von Morner in 1873-76. The new Voss-Strasse, leading to the Koniggratzer-Str. , here diverges to the right. At the corner (No. 1) stands the new Palace of Hr. Borsig by Lucae , a noble structure in the Italian Renaissance style, with sculptural decoration by Begas , Encke , Hundrieser , and Lessing. No. 35, at the opposite corner, is the residence of the Minister of Commerce, the staircase of which is adorned with paint- ings by Meurer and Geselschap. No. 4 is the Imperial Court of Law. The street also contains numerous handsome private dwellings. A few paces to the S. of the Wilhelms-Platz we reach the busy *Leipziger- Strasse (PI. w; H, J, K, 4), about 1 M. in length, running parallel with the Linden, and leading to the Potsdamer- Platz. It contains many handsome buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries. At the S.W. corner of its intersection with the Friedrich- Strasse is the attractive depot of the Royal Porcelain Manufactory , on the first floor. To the E. of the Wilhelm-Str., Leipziger-Strasse No. 15, is the imposing new General- Postamt, with the Post Office Museum (p. 10), built by Schwatlo in 1871-73 ; and No. 5, to the W. of the Wilhelm-Strasse , is the War Office , another handsome edifice, restored in 1847, according to plans by Stiller. The four figures in terracotta at the portals represent a hussar, a gunner, a grenadier, and a cuirassier. No. 4, adjacent, is the temporary Reichstag s-Geb dude, or Hall of the Imperial Diet (PI. w ; J, 4), hastily erected in 1871 on the site of the old porcelain manufactory. The entrance to the assembly- ball is by the central door (adm., see p. 11); that of the galleries is reached by passing through the gateway on the left and crossing the court. In the latter is situated the office where cards of ad- mission to the sittings may be obtained. Adjoining the Hall of the Diet is the Herrenhaus, or Upper Chamber (PI. w ; H, 4), beyond which the Leipziger-Str. expands into the octagonal Leipziger-Platz (PI. w; G, II, 4), adorned with grounds. On the S. side of the latter are the Governor s Re- sidence (No. 10) and the Ministry of Agriculture , Domains, and Forests (Nos. 8, 9); No. 13 on the N. side is the Admiralty. On the Tight side of the street that intersects the Plates rises the Industrial Museum. BERLIN. 7. Route. 51 bronze statue of the Prussian general and premier Count Branden- burg (d. 1850), by Prof. Hagen, erected in 1862. Adjacent is a statue of Field- Marshal Wrangel (d. 1877), by Keil, placed here in loot). The Aeussere Friedrichstadt, formerly called the Potsdam Sub- urb, outside the Potsdam Gate , one of the finest quarters of Ber- lin, is the residence of the wealthier members of the community. The N. half, lying between the canal and the Thiergarten, and also the Kurfursten-Str. to the S.W., are chiefly noticeable for their handsome detached villas, surrounded with gardens, which are perhaps the most pleasing efforts of modern Berlin architecture. Nearly all the streets are planted with rows of trees. This quarter contains few public buildings. In the Potsdamer Platz stands the handsome Potsdam Station , built in 1870-72. The Platz is also to be embellished with an obelisk commemorating the Emp. William’s escape from assassination in 1878. The Kbnig- Wilhelm- Gymnasium, Bellevue-Str. 15 (court), was erected by Lohse in 1862-65. To the N. of the canal is the church of St. Mat- thew, by Stiller (1845-46); to the S. the church of the Twelve Apostles, by Blankenstein (1871-74). The Office of the Engineers, Kurfursten-Str. No. 70, is a dome-covered edifice built by Godek- mg in 18/4-76. In the Liitzow-Str., Nos. 24-26, is the Elisabeth Hospital. bera T \ . Cadm * ?• 9 ) > situated at the village of Schone- 2 V 1 ; be ^ nd the Potsdam Gate, is one of the most extensive in Eu- species of plants. The palms and cacti are 1 • \ y n f 7 ^ he . extensive Palm House was built in 1858. — In the same neighbourhood is St. Matthew's Cemetery (PI. r; F, 4), containing hand^ ome* monuments^ (d ’ 1863 and ^ a " d — oul The ^German Industrial Museum (PI. w; H, 4), at No 120 Koniggratzer-Str., to the S.E. of the Potsdamer-Platz, and opposite the Dessauer-Str., founded in 1867, and rapidly extended by pur- chases at the recent great industrial exhibitions and elsewhere, is now a very extensive and valuable collection of the products of many different countries, both ancient and modern (adm. see p 10) A new and imposing building, to be ready in 1881, is being erected tor its accommodation. Director, Herr C. Grunow. withmn St tifp l0 , 0 -a n 7r e nine } ee , n ™°ms here contain articles manufactured berinq v f f 7 6 ’ a w' alS ° ?? collection of casts. The enumeration fnrnUnvi end ' — Y^oven fabrics and carvings of Oriental nations; stone and 7®f sela ’, etc - of the Gothic period; plastic works in tnrp • (the only exception to the above classification) ; furni- sane’e a ? d , inta *sia work of the Italian and German Renais- strumpn?« L* * J 5 cabinets, draught-boards, caskets, musical in- it^v h Ca f ved and . turned articles in horn, cocoa-nut shell, amber, work’ 2 ? l ; “? sai c w° rk in stone, glass, wood, and straw; lacquer- nane k A Cl "^ yfr r ^ EaSt ’ Ja P anese and other objects in leather and SJP® 1 ’ ™ odern furniture, carpets, woven fabrics, and embroidery of va- the JZilTni ^ l0 ^ red copies of Italian interior-decorations, executed by . 59). The Konig-Strasse, which begins beyond the bridge, and inter- sects the Old Town is a great artery of traffic , presenting almost as busy a scene as the Leipziger-Strasse. No. 60 in this street is the extensive Central Post Office (PI. w; L, 2; comp. p. 6), now undergoing alterations from plans by Tuckerrnann. The street also contams several effective private houses of the 18th century To the S., in the Post-Str., is the Church of St. Nicholas (PI. J- L 1), the oldest church in Berlin, lately restored by Blankemtein and provided with two lofty towers. The basements of the towers the nth* g °V q ?i, re bl ° Cks 0f granite ’ date from the beginning of the 13th cent., the nave and choir from the 14th and 15th cen- tunes • , iT he (sacristan, Probst-Str. 14-16, 2nd fl ) deserves a tablet® screed /, pictu f s «“ e . general eflect, and also for the numerous kind of arHsUc’ t io rea ‘ 0re « ln th eir original form and colouring E "ery a or artistic style, from the end of the Gothic neriorl rlnwn +i,‘I iococo, is here represented, in some cases by works of great merit Thf> J "-'- - s *• * ”•’ 111 th , e N eue Markt, rises the Maeienkirchk (PI UtCJJ; the s ®® 01 Parish-church of Old Berlin, restored in the 14th century. Ihe spire of the tower (295 ft.) , in a very peculiar gothic style, was added by Langhans in 1790. In the hall below 15th cent urv* °- f ? e ? tll! a mural P ailltill « of the end of the 10th century In the interior are the tombstone of Count Sparr a brmir^tlfS. GrCat E ‘ eCt0r ’ * PU ' PU by and a Farther on in the Konig-Strasse is the * Rathhaus (PI. w: m’enf, a '7 m P os . ln $ brick cdilkc with tas teful terracotta cmbellish- : L .ike many of the other modern build- ings of Berlin it exhibits a union of a medieval structural system fcrfXrtfclt T Uh ,!, !6I ' aissa "' ;e details, and resembles the edi- ftces of North Italy. Ihe principal entrance is in the tower, which ThtV-V 1 '! lg lt , ° f 243 ft - C t0 the t0 P of the flag-staff 318 ft ) nate f f 1 ! > P i eS 5 tb ®. cIock measure ^ ft. across, and are illumi- nated after dusk. Ihe reliefs on the front of the balcony repre- 1 new Berlin ’ are by caiandreiu ’ The doors of the bonk^^t ’ s P aci0 \ ls saloon with vaulted ceiling, celebrated men conLc^ wit^^L^nT d Vt* m ® dallion - portraits of paintings are by E Ewald 7 kS 1 Y 1 i hin ’ by Zu vstrassen. The i Ewald. Beyond the small Reading Room, the ceiling 58 Route 1 . BERLIN. Klosterkirche. of which is adorned with "Figures from German legends by Burger, and which contains busts of Bismarck and Moltke by Drake , we reach the handsome * Festsaal, with its tine coffered ceiling, massive candelabra, and beautifully carved oaken doors. Pictures in the lunettes by Begas. Statues of Frederick the Great and Fred. William III. by Bussmann-Helborn. — Adjacent is the Town Council Chamber , with panelled walls and appropriate paintings by Burger. — On the other side of the passage (to the left at the top of the staircase) is the Magistrates ' 1 Saloon with fine panelling and full - length portraits of the Great Elector and the seven kings of Prussia. The architectural ' Decoration of these handsome apart- ments is by Waesemann and his assistant Kolscher. — The walls of the Staircase leading to the upper floor, and the gallery of the Magistrates’ Saloon are to be adorned with frescoes. The Sunken Floor contains the Rathskeller (p. 3), a popular place of refreshment, the central room of which is adorned with paintings by Aug. v. Heyden and contains a copy of the column in the Gerichtslaube (p. 74). The Tower commands an admirable *View of Berlin (adm. see p. 11). To the E, of the Rathhaus , at the corner of the Jiiden-Strasse, is the District Court of Berlin. — At Nos. 35 and 36 Kloster-Str. (the next cross-street to the right) is the old Industrial Academy (PI. w ; M, 2), now part of the Technical High School , containing valuable Models and a Technological Collection (adm. p. 9). Opposite the Academy is the Lagerhaus (PI. w; M, 2), on the site of the old palace of the Markgraves. To the left in the court- yard is the hall of the Schwurgericht , or jury-court (p. 10), behind which are the State Archives. To the right , opposite , is the new School of Art, by Gropius and Schmieden, containing the studios of several sculptors. Beyond this, in rooms once used by Rauch as a studio, is the *Rauch Museum (p. 10), a collection of casts and models of the works of that distinguished master, the originals of most of which are in Berlin. Adjoining the School of Art in the Kloster-Strasse is the Gym- nasium zum Grauen Kloster , founded in 1574, and containing some of the convent and chapter-rooms of the old monastery in good preservation. The Gothic Klosterkirche (PI. w ; M, 2), erected at the end of the 13th cent, by the Franciscans, is the finest and best-preserved mediaeval building at Berlin. The choir dates from 1345, the choir-stalls from 1383. The interior contains a painting in memory of a Count Hohenlohe (d. 1412) , and the tombs of several princes of the 14th century. The church was restored in 1840-46 , when the incongruous vestibule , towers , and belfry were added. — Beyond it is the Parochial Church (PI. w ; M, 2), erected by Nehring in 1695-1703; the tower, containing a peal of bells, was added by Gerlach in 1713. At the corner of the Kloster-Str. and Parochial- Str. is the Markisches Provinzial - Museum (PI. w ; M, 2), containing a col- lection of antiquities illustrating the historical progress of the Mark of Brandenburg. Adm. see p. 10. The collections include pre- historic antiquities in flint, bronze, and iron from lake-dwellings, tumuli, etc.; weapons, armour, and instruments of torture; Exchange. BERLIN. 1. Haute. 59 ecclesiastical antiquities; coins and medals; implements of the chase ; articles in glass and porcelain, ornaments, clothing, etc. At the E. end of the Konigstrasse is an elegant colonnade, built by (lontard m It (7, and forming the approach to the Konigsbrucke (which, however , will soon be removed). A similar colonnade begun by Nehring in 1687 and enlarged by Stiller, masks the Muhlendamm (PI. w; L, 2, 3), which connects Berlin with Koln and is the chief seat of the small Jewish dealers. At the end of the colonnade is the Molken-Markt (PI. w; L 2) the oldest square in Berlin , containing the Police Court and the Criminal t ourt. ut(1 To tbe ?*?* °, f , the oId town of Berlin, on the right bank of the Snree and reached by the Stralau Bridge , lies the Stralau Quarter another TktZ ( P Pi r ‘„ 0f N 3 ‘T n rfi With ,"Tr“( fMtories - wWS WaUnl ineatie (11. w N, 6, p. 8) is situated. In the N. part, known as the St ^ arter ’ n ® ar the ^ rosse Frankfurter-Str., rises the Church of , (P1 > w 'i U 2), built by Sliile r in 1848-55. To the S E are r ass =B the bank of the Spree are the Old Berlin Water Works. a" Gothi^TuTl’di^ff 0 ^ the . ® hurch of St. Bartholomew (PI. 4) 1 itmiTln mI% S ln bnCk ’ Wlth a t0Wer 210 «• in height , erected by’ n!'‘ t T f ' e , tl K Ki >nigs-Thor, to the right, and towards the S.W. as far pleasant park affording® good tiew°,’ o^’ the a r T e<1 rj‘ h a hust of Frederick the Great. - Tim Lrge flit Krankmkam (Hospital) with 600 beds, was completed in 1874 , system, by Gropius and Schmieden (PI. 6 P 4) - The Cemetery of St. Peter contains the handsome mortuarv chapel ol Herr Wagener, erected by Lucae in 1869. moituaiy g. Exchange. Monbijou. Synagogue. Opposite the Museums (p. 25), on the other side of the Spree [,??S- ( we P“s through the Antk-Ciiambek, ^g^ two parti one of ilf marb i e and dividcd by arcades into cragr^te e h e r e it: daX Pr °D iat - e f ^ 0e f by tha^S^piopfe g egate here daily. During the business - hours , 12-2, visitors are 60 Route 1 . BERLIN. Hohenzollern Museum. admitted to the gallery, which affords the best survey of the busy scene. Entrance by the first door to the right in the Neue Friedrich - Strasse, by a staircase ascending to the first floor, then by the first door to the left (no fees). Behind the Exchange is the small Heiligg cist- Kir che (PL re; L, 1), built at the end of the 13th century. Adjacent, in the Neue Friedrich- Strasse, between Nos. 45 and 46, is the Garrison Church (PI. w; L, 1), built at the beginning of last century. The interior, which contains pictures by Rohde andK. Begas, was altered to its present appearance in 1816. Proceeding to the N.W. of the new Exchange, and crossing the Hercules Bridge , so called from two sandstone groups by Schadow, we reach the royal chateau of Monbijou (PI. w; K, 1}, standing in the midst of an old garden. The nucleus of the edifice consists of a villa erected by Eosandcr v. Goethe in 1708 for Countess Wartenberg, which was afterwards enlarged as a residence for Queen Sophia Dorothea, wife of Frederick William I. lhe two detached buildings facing the Monbijou-Platz were added by Unger in 1788 for Queen Frederica Louisa, wife of Fred. William II. ; that to the right contains the English Chapel (p. 12). The *Hohenzollern Museum, which occupies the rooms towards the garden, consists of personal reminiscences of the Prussian rulers from the time of the Great Elector down to the present day. It includes a large number of objects of genuine artistic interest, and affords a good survey of the progress of the last two cen- turies Admission, see p. 10 (fee 1 m.). The two rooms first visited are de- voted to the Emperor William and the Empress Augusta. Among the contents are the table at which Napoleon III. signed the declaration ot war at St. Cloud in 1870, and various addresses received by the German Emperor at important epochs of his life. . The rooms of Frederick William IV. and Queen Elizabeth contain por- traits of contemporary artists and savants (brought from Potsdam), copies of drawings by the king, and a collection of the seals of Prussian mon- archs. — The room of Queen Louise is adorned with 15 portraits and a bust of the queen, and contains the cradle of Emp. William. The room of Fred. William II. contains portraits of that monarch's generals, .Napo- leon's knife and fork and his orders (captured at Waterloo), and orders worn by Bliicher. — The most striking object in the section devoted to I rederick William II. and Queen Frederica Louisa is a magnificent cabinet made at Neuwied, embellished with paintings and marquetry. We now traverse a room containing a collection of Porcelain , and reach the three rooms assigned to Frederick the Great , which are the most interesting in the palace. Wax models of Frederick s face after death*, his clothes from childhood to death ; sketch of Sanssouci Palace *, musical compositions; his horse Conde in its state-trappings. The room of Queen Sophia Dorothea , mother of F rederick the Great, contains interesting furniture and several views of old Berlin. IN ex comes a Gallery containing busts of members of the royal family, chiefly by Schadow and Rauch. The Palace Chapel is adorned with a panelled ceiling, and contains plaster casts of Rauch's monuments of Fred. William II. and Queen Louise, and other sculptures. — Adjacent are the apart- ments of Queen Elisabeth Christine , consort of Frederick the Great , and another Gallery , with busts of eminent personages, chiefiy from the time of Frederick William III. New Synagogue. BERLIN. /. Route . 61 We next pass through a room containing the table-services of the various kings, and a collection of early glass and tankards, dating in part from the days of the Electors. Then comes the room of Frederick William I., containing portraits of his whole family, his turning- lathe, the sandstone trough from Schloss Wusterliausen which he used as a basin, the table and chairs of his 4 Tobacco College’, etc. — The last and largest room is chiefly devoted to reminiscences of Frederick /. and 1“ « Elector ‘ Fine old Berlin tapestry ; several admirable -Works by Schluter-, state-sledges, cabinets, caskets, etc.*, portrait-figures in wax with the costumes of the originals-, hat, boots, and sword worn by the Great Elector a,t the battle of Fehrbellin; etc. — The visit is brought to a close by the inspection of a small collection of older pictures and cur- iosities, some of which date from the 15th century. To the N. of the Monbijou-Platz rises the Sophienkirche (PI. V 4 )> with an effective rococo spire, 230 ft. high, added by Grael in 1732-34. — Opposite, in the court of the house No. 10 Grosse Hamburger-Str. , is St. Hedwig's Hospital , a Gothic brick building by Statz , built in 1855 , and recently enlarged. In the Oranienburger-Str., which bounds the Monbijou Park on the N , is the Domcandidaten-Stift (No. 76a), a theological seminary, with a chapel by Stiiler. Farther to the N.W., Oranienburger-Str. No. 30 , rises the New Synagogue (PI. b ; J, K, 4), one of the finest modern buildings in Berlin , begun in 1859 in a modified Oriental style from designs by Knoblauch , and completed in 1866 under the su- perintendence of Stuler. The facade, which is constructed of brick with details in granite and sandstone, is very effective in spite of its lack of width. The gilded dome attains a height of 158 ft. The Interior, which is most sumptuously decorate‘d with painting and sculpture, is entered by three bronze doors separated by columns o green granite. A vestibule leads to the Small Synagogue in which minor religious rites are performed, beyond which is the magnificent Frmcipal Synagogue containing seats for 3000 persons , and measuring loU it. m length exclusive of the apse. The curious vaulted ceiling, with us iron tie-beams and cramps, is supported by slender iron columns. The most richly decorated part is the apse. During the evening service (hndays at dusk) the dim religious light’ from the stained glass and the cupolas produces a remarkably fine effect. Admission (see p. 11) on appli- cation to the sacristan, who lives in the building. No. 67 Oranienburger-Str., to the left, farther on, indicated by a granite slab, is the house which the celebrated Alexander v. Hum- boldt occupied from 1842 to 1859. At the corner of the Artillerie- 8tr. (Nos. 35, 36) is the Parcels Post Office , a handsome new building. T b , e5 :r d !™,.% senthal Gate > is the * Zionskirche (PI. b; / d 0rt1 } P 1 18fi b-73, a handsome structure in brick, resembl- 21B ft h ' wl! UrChe T S S i; Michae * and st - Thomas (p. 56); the tower is sive Vivhhfif n In + t f| le Brunnen-Str. (PI. b; J, 1) are the new and exten- nn Mn^ A / ’ cattle-market, and Slaughter Houses ; the busiest scene is laid M out day m0rn,ngs ’ “ The ad joining Humboldthain has been recently 02 Route 1. BERLIN. Friedrich- Strasse. h. JV. Friedrich - Strasse . Oranienburg Suburb . Luisen- Strasse. Mocibit. The Friedrich - Strasse (p. 48) runs in a straight direction towards the N. from the Linden to the old Oranienburg Gate. Between the Dorotheen-Str. and the Georgen-Str., next to the new main station of the Stadtbahn, rises the new Central Hotel (p. 1), the largest in Berlin (500 beds), built by Hude & Hennicke. It contains an immense banqueting-hall and a winter-garden measur- ing 250 ft. in length by 75 ft. in breadth (concerts, see p. 9). From the Weidendamm- Bridge (PL w ; J, 1), we see to the right, on the opposite bank of the Spree, the new Clinical Institute , in the Ziegel-Str., built by Gropius & Schmieden; on the left, to the S. of the Carls-Strasse, is the Market Hall , built in 1867, a spa- cious structure of glass and iron, at present used as a circus (p. 9). Outside tlie Oranienburg Gate, wliicb now exists in name only, to the right in the Chaussee-Strasse, is Borsig’s Engine Factory (adm. p. 9), a vast establishment where 160 locomotives are manufactured annually. The architect was Strack. (Borsig's other establishments and hothouses , see p. 63.) Opposite the factory is the Roman Catholic Hedwig's Cemetery, where the eminent painter Cornelius (d. 1867) is interred. Farther on are the French Cemetery, where Raven6 (p. 55), the wealthy merchant and pa- tron of art, is interred (sarcophagus and life-size figure), and the Old Doro- theensladt Cemetery with the graves of Schinkel , the architect (d. 1841), Schadow , the sculptor (d. 1850), Hegel (d, 1831) and Fichte (d. 1814), the philosophers, Rauch , the sculptor (d. 1857), and Staler, the architect (d. 1868). In the new Roman Catholic Cemetery, more to the N., is the tomb of Dr. Waldeck (d. 1870). — In the Invaliden-Str. is the new Stettin Railioay Station. The N. prolongation of the Wilhelm - Strasse (p. 49), running parallel with the Friedrich - Strasse , intersects the Friedrich- Wilhelm- Stadt , and leads to the New Gate (PI. b; G, H, 4). As far as the Marschalls - Brilcke (PI. w ; H, 2) it is called the Neue Wilhelm - Strasse , and beyond it the Luisen-Strasse. This neighbourhood is the ‘Quartier Latin’ of Berlin, and contains several institutes connected with the medical faculty of the university. To the E. of the Marschalls-Brucke are the Physiological Institute and the Physical Laboratory , built by Spieker in 1874- ( 7. To the N. is the Veterinary College (PI. b; H, 4), erected by Hesse in 1840, adjacent to which is the Anatomic, or dissecting-room, built by Cremer in 1863-65. Opposite the Veterinary College is the Royal Charite (PL b; G, 4), a hospital founded in 1710, with accommodation for 1500-1800 patients; united with it is the Pa- thological Institute. A handsome monument to Prof, von Griife, the oculist (d. 1870), by Siemering, has been recently erected at the S. end of the garden. To the right, outside the New Gate, are the handsome new buildings of the Mining and Geological Institute and the Agricul- tural Museum (see p. 10) and Academy (PI. b; G, H, 3), each of which possesses a fine interior court used for exhibitions. 1 rival iden- Park . RERUN. 7. Route. 63 The pretty Invaliden-Park , to the left, contains an obelisk commemorating the loss of the corvette Amazone in 1861, and the Warriors J Monument , a Corinthian column of iron erected in 1854 to the memory of soldiers who fell in 1848-49 (good view from the * op > Invalidenhaus (PI. b; G, 3), erected by Frederick the Great in 1748 lasso et invicto militi’, is devoid of architectural in- terest. The adjoining Invaliden-Eirchhop (PI. b; F, G, 3) is the hurial-nlace of many distinguished officers, including Scharnhorst (d. 1813), over whose grave a marble monument 18 ft. in height, designed by Schinkel, crowned tofoi a re ^ u “ b + f nt „ h on m iron, was erected in 1826 ‘by his comrades of 1813 . — - A little farther on is the Konigin Augusta Hospital erected for those who were wounded in the wars of 1866 and 1870-71, and the L Cen- ^alTurn-AnstaU, for training teachers of gymnastics for the army. 1° the W. of the Invalidenhaus, beyond the Berlin and Snandau Pi- nal, which is crossed by the Invaliden-Strasse and is connected with the Spree by means of the Humboldt- Hafen is situated the Hamburg Station Bevond it i, T® “ ado ™ e . d with tasteful mural paint- ings. Beyond it is the Zellengefangmss, or Prison (PI. b; F, 4- adm n 111 a model establishment for the reception of 565 inmates, consisting of a central structure with wings radiating from it in the form of a star* \d ind^nf ^ th £ ^T*™* 1 * Barracks of the 2nd Uhlans , and at the opposite Spar /hl h Q ad J 01 V in S di’iUmg-ground those of the 1st Artillery . To the S neai the Spree, is the handsome Lehrte Station (PI. w • F lj. ’’ , . b T f ver ^ 1 th , e last-named buildings belong to the suburb of Moabit which extends along the right bank of the Spree to a point opposite Gharlottenburg (p. 66). It was so named by French immigrants chieflv gardeners, who on account of the sandy and sterile nature of the soil styled the country Pays de Moab\ It formerly consisted mainly of manufactories nd places of recreation for the lower classes, but has latelv been much rW/°< (tramway). Two of the principal buildings are ^thc Criminal Courts, and the Johanmskirche (PI. b; 1), 4) , erected by Schinkel in 1834 Among the manufactories is that of Borsia with the v* 77 „ » • m , ./* interesting -Hothouses and PenUenUary (P1 - A ’ a i. Konigs-Platz. Thiergarten. Zoological Garden. Charlottenburg . Outside the Brandenburg Gate (p. 17) the Friedem- Alice leads to the right to the *Konigs-Platz (PI. w; G, 2), which with its environs forms one of the most imposing parts of the city. The 1 i 1S i a * d 0Ut in S rounds > and adorned with two fountains. The ^Monument of Victory (PI. w ; G, 2) in the centre, 200 ft. in height, designed by Strack, and inaugurated on 2nd Sept 1873 stands on a circular terrace approached by eight steps of granite.’ ihe massive square pedestal is adorned with reliefs in bronze commemorating the great victories of 1870-71 and others of earlier campaigns. On the E. side is the Danish War of 1864, by A. Ca- landreth which is probably the finest composition; on the N. the if 'tfrP^f 866 ’ by M - 8chult% > 011 tlle W - ‘he Battle of f f w ’ !|u . K \ Keil; 011 the S ‘ tlle ret " r " of the troops, 1871, by A. Wolff . Ihe base of the column is surrounded by an open 64 Route 1. BERLIN. Raczynski Gallery . colonnade , and embellished with Venetian *Mosaics designed by Anton von Werner , illustrating, in figures partly allegorical, partly historical, the war of 1870 and the restoration of the German em- pire. Below are the names of the battles and the generals. Above, in the flutings of the column , which consists of yellowish grey sandstone , are placed three rows of Danish, Austrian, and French cannon (60 in all). The summit consists of a capital formed of eagles, crowned with a Borussia, 48 ft. in height, by Drake. (Fine view from the capital, 152 ft. high; tickets at the entrance, 50 pf.) On the W. side of the Konigs-Platz, No. 2, stands the Rac- zynski Palace (PI. w ; G, 2), forming the centre of an imposing group of buildings designed by Strack. It contains the choice ^Picture Gallery of Count Raczynski (adm. p. 10). In the staircase mural paintings designed by Kaulbaeh, and executed by Echter in 1858 : poetry , painting , sculpture. The other paintings are copies. — The gallery is divided by a partition into two halves. We begin with the wall farthest distant , next the window. Section I. : 1. Cornelius , Christ in Hades, the only large oil-painting by this master; 2. Kaulbaeh , Tradition ; *3. KaulbacKs cartoon of the Battle of the Huns, painted in different shades of brown (p. 39), occupying almost the whole wall; *4. Cornelius , Group from the eight Beatitudes; *5. Overbeck, Spo- salizio ; 7. Fuhrich , Triumph of Christ; *8. Schnorr, Introduction to the Nibelungen; 10. Steinle , Salutation; 11. Bendemann, Sapientia; 12. Makart , Queen of the elves ; * 14. Deger, Adam and Eve ; 15. H. Bess , Adoration of the Shepherds and Magi (a sketch). On the window-wall : '17. Schwind, Father Rhine. — Section II. : 28. Schadow, A Templar; *32. Preller, Ulysses and Nausicaa; 34. Meyerheim, Woman and children in a landscape; 35. Schadow, Daughter of Herodias; 36. Hiibner , Melusina; *37. Bildebrandt , The sons of Edward IV.; 38. Preyer , Still-life; 41. Stilke, Pilgrims in the desert; 45. Becker, The wounded poacher; 47. Rottmann , Nauplia ; *60. Kaulbaeh, Shepherd-boy at Rome; 61. Bendemann , Idyl; 65. Lessing, Con- fession in the wood. — Section V. (on the other side of the partition): 132. Cretins , Cromwell; 133. Poitevin , Pirate on the shore; 139. Riedel, Nurse and child; 144. Loewentlial, Death of Rizzio; 145. C. Begas , Portrait of Thorvaldsen ; *147. Paul Delaroche, Pilgrims at Rome ; 149. Ary Scheffer, Charity ; 153. Schnetz, Pope Sixtus V. having his fortune told by a gipsy ; *155. L. Robert, Reapers. — Section IV. (entrance-wall), Spanish and Nether- lands masters: 115. Murillo (?) , Madonna and Child; 116. Cano (?), John the Baptist; 119. Zurbaran , Madonna adored by monks; 120, 121. Velaz- quez, Blind woman, Dog. — Section III. (long wall), Early Italian and German masters: 72. Botticelli, Madonna and Child; 87. G. Bellini, Holy Family ; 88. Mazzolino da Ferrara, Christ and the Pharisees ; 99. Domen- ichino , Madonna. To the N. of the Konigs-Platz stretches a new and handsome quarter, intersected by the Alsen-Strasse, and consisting almost wholly of fine modern mansions. The Alsen-Str. ends to the N. in the Alsen-Brucke. In the Moltke-Strasse are situated the ex- tensive premises of the General Staff, the two different portions of which were built in 1871 and 1877. The tasteful Moltke-Briicke unites this suburb with Moabit (p. 63). On the W. side of the Konigs-Platz is Kroll’s Establishment (p. 9), beyond which, on the Spree, are the popular places of re- creation known as the Zelte. Farther to the W. is the royal cha- teau of Bellevue (PI. w ; 1), 2). Thiergarten. BERLIN. 1. Route. 65 The broad Sieges- Allee, or Avenue of Victory, which leads S. from the Konigs-Platz through the Thiergarten, is one of the most fashionable promenades of the Berliners, especially in spring. At the S. end of the avenue, where it meets the Thiergarten-Str., Lenne-Str., Bellevue-Allee, Bellevue-Str., and Victoria-Str., stands the Wrangel Fountain (PI. w; G, 3), cast in bronze from designs by Hagen. The roads skirting the Thiergarten (see below) on the E. and S. are also favourite drives. The ^Thiergarten, the largest and most attractive park near the town, lies to the W. of the Brandenburg Gate, and is bounded on the N. by the Spree, and on the S. by the Aeussere Friedrichstadt (p. 52). It is about 2 M. in length and 3/ 4 m. in breadth, and covers upwards of 600 acres of ground. It is enlivened by several sheets of water, and combines the character of a natural forest with the trimmer beauties of a public park. The pleasantest parts are the Seepark on the W. side, and the neighbourhood of the Rousseau Island, where numerous skaters display their skill in winter. The finest statue in the Thiergarten is the marble * Monument of Fre- derick William III. (PI. w ,• F, 3), admirably executed by Drake in 1849, the pedestal of which, 18 ft. in height, is adorned with *Re- liefs representing the blessings of peace. The monument is covered in winter. The corresponding StatueofQ ueen Louise (PL w; F, 3, 4), by Encke , was erected in March, 1880. The * Monument to Goethe, by Schaper, facing the Koniggratzer-Str. (PI. w; G, 3), was un- veiled in June, 1880 ; on the pedestal are allegorical figures of Lyric Poetry, Tragic Poetry, and Science. Near the Bellevue-Allee stands a Vine-dresser by Drake, and in the avenue diverging to the left from the Brandenburg Gate is a group of lions by Wolff. There are also a few zinc casts from the antique. Opposite the Seepark, on the S. bank of the canal, lies the * Zoological Garden (PI. w; B, C, 4; adm. p. 11 • tramways from the Brandenburg Gate, the Jerusalemer-Str., and the Leipziger- Platz), founded in 1844 and recently greatly extended. It now con- tains one of the finest collections of animals in the world. The ex- tensive, well laid-out grounds attract numerous visitors, and con- certs are frequently given in the afternoon (see p. 9; guide by the director, Dr. Bodinus, 50 pf.). The houses and sheds for the animals were executed from appropriate designs by Ende and Bock- mann ; the most striking are the Antelope House , in an Arabian style, and the Elephant House, a gaily-coloured structure resembling an Indian pagoda. There is a second entrance to the gardens at the corner of the Kurfursten-Str. and the Kurfiirstendamm. Adjoining the gardens on the N."W. lies the Hippodrome, beyond which rises the Artillery and Engineering School. To the S. is the Joachimsthal Gymnasium. Baedeker's N. Germany. 7th Edit. 5 66 Route 1. BERLIN. Charlottenburg . The Charlottenburg Road leads from the Brandenburg Gate across the Thiergarten, which it divides into two unequal parts, to (3 M.) Charlottenburg : tramway every 5 min., also via Moabit; cab to the Charlottenburg Bridge (PL w; A, B, 3), 1st class 1-2 pers. lt/ 2 m., 2nd class 1 m. ; see pp. 4, 5. At the end of the Thiergarten, to the right of the high-road, stands the Royal Porcelain Factory. Beyond the canal-bridge, to the left, rises the new Technical High School , a building of impos- ing style and dimensions, designed by Hitzig. To the right, in the Sophien-Str., are March's Pottery Works , an extensive and well- known establishment. Charlottenburg (Cafes), a dull town with 25,000 inhab., but now rapidly increasing in extent, lies on the site formerly occupied by the village of Lietzow , where Sophia Charlotte, wife of Frede- rick I., founded a country residence at the end of the 17th century. The Royal Palace consists of a large group of adjoining build- ings, of a total length of 550 yds. The central portion, erected by Schluter in 1699, was enlarged by Eosander von Goethe in 1706, and provided with its effective dome. The right wing was added by Knobelsdorff in 1742, while the theatre at the end of the left wing and the belvedere in the park were erected by Langhans in 1788. Since the death of the Dowager Queen Elizabeth in 1873 the palace has been untenanted. The rococo decorations in the interior of the old central portion and in the apartments once occupied by Frederick the Great, and also the wain- scoted rooms of Queen Louise in the ‘Neue Schloss 1 , fitted up in the style of the period of Louis XVI., are well worthy of inspection. For admission apply to the castellan in the right wing of the front court. Between the two barracks opposite the palace are two groups in bronze representing soldiers of the Gardes du Corps, by Kiss. The entrance to the pleasant Palace Garden , laid out by the eminent French landscape-gardener Le Notre , is near the small guard-room , adjoining the W. wing. Crossing the orangery to the right, turning to the left and skirting it on the farther side , and then following an avenue of pines to the right, we reach (in 10 min. from the entrance) the ^Mausoleum, erected by Gentz in the Doric style, where Queen Louise (d. 1810) and her husband Frederick William III. (d. 1840) repose. One of the servants from the palace shows the tomb (usual fee 1 in., although officially prohibited ; comp. p. 9), the arrangement and decoration of which were designed by Fred. William IV. The recumbent figures of the illustrious pair, executed in marble by Rauch's masterly hand, are strikingly impressive. The beautiful figure of the queen, executed at Carrara and Rome in 1812-13, was placed here in 1815 and at once established the sculptor’s fame. At the sides are beau- tiful candelabra, that on the right with the three Fates by Rauch , that on the left with the three Horse by Tieck ; the crucifix by Achtermann of Rome. The heart of Frederick William IV. is placed at the feet of his parents in a marble casket. The anniversaries of the deaths of the king (7th June) and queen (19th July) are observed by a private service in the mausoleum for the members of the royal family. POTSDAM. 2. Route. 67 At the upper end of Charlottenburg are the garden and park of the *Flora society, containing a large *Palm-house, a winter-garden, and a spacious concert-room, which attract numerous visitors (adm., see p. 10). The tasteful brick and timber building containing the concert-room was erected by Stier in 1873. — The Lutzow-Platz is embellished with a simple but pleasing War Monument. On an eminence on the Spandau road, beyond Charlottenburg, lies Westend, a number of villas which have sprung up within the last few years. On the left stands the huge reservoir of the Westend water-works, and to the right one of the reservoirs of the new Berlin water-works, which derive their supply from springs near the Tegeler-See (see below). The Spandauer Bock , 3 /i M. farther, is a popular beer-garden command- ing a view towards Spandau. Pleasant walk hence to (0/2 M.) Pichelsberg , situated among woods on a bay of the Havel , opposite the island of Pichelswerder. The shooting-lodge of Grunewald , situated on the lake and in the forest of that name, 3 x /2 M. to the S.W. of Charlottenburg, and a station on the ‘Ringbahn 1 (p. 1), is another favourite point. k. Environs of Berlin . The pleasantest points have already been mentioned, viz. the Thier- garten (p. 65), Charlottenburg (p. 66), the Zoological Garden (p. 65), bchoneberg and the Botanical Garden (p. 51), Moabit (p. 63), Pichelsberg (see above), the Kreuzberg and Tempelhof (p. 53). Then Stralau and Treptow , villages on the Spree, 2 M. to the S.E. of the Kopenick Gate, reached by steamboat (p. 6). — To the FT., B/2 M. beyond the Rosenthal Gate, is the Gesundbrunnen , with a park and restaurants. About 3 M. from the Schonhausen Gate are situated Pankow and the chateau of Schonhausen with its park, both connected by tramway with Berlin. To the S.W. is Lichterfelde, a group of villas, with stations on the Anhalt and Potsdam railways (pp. 68, 261, 354). The principal German Cadet School was transferred hither from Berlin in 1878, and occupies a large building surmounted by a dome 200 ft. high, and containing accom- modation for 880 pupils. In the vestibule are the marble statues formerly in the Wilhelms-Platz at Berlin (p. 49). The Protestant and Roman Ca“- tholic ch i pels are both richly decorated. The ‘Field Marshal Hall 1 con- tains the portraits of upwards of 60 Prussian marshals, and a frieze by Pi uhl representing the campaign of 1870-71, the training of the cadets in the old school, and the opening of the new building. — The Berlin Horse Paces take place near Lichterfelde in spring and autumn. Pieasant excursion by carriage to (9 M.) Tegel, formerly the residence ol the Humboldt family, originally a hunting-lodge of the Great Elector, but altered by Schinkel in 1822 in imitation of a Roman villa. The in- terior is decorated with valuable works of art and casts. The park con- tains the burial-place of William (d. 1835) and Alexander (d. 1859) v. Hum- boldt, marked by a granite column with a statue of Hope by Thorvaldsen. Ihe traveller whose stay at Berlin is short will hardly be repaid by a visit to any of these points, but he should not omit to devote a day to Potsdam with its environs (see R. 2). Freienwalde , see p. 203 ; Buckow , see p. 208 5 Kopenick , see p. 222; Spreewald , see p. 231. v ’ 2. Potsdam and Environs. Railway from Berlin to Potsdam, 16 M., in 30-39 min., 21 trams daily (fares 2 m. 10 pf., 1 m. 60, 1 m. 5 pf.); to Neu-Babels- berg, same fares; to the Wildpark, 2 m. 40, 1 m. 80, 1 m. 20 pf. Return-tickets at reduced rates. 5 * 68 Route 2. POTSDAM. Cabs. The stations were formerly bleak and unattractive places , but are gradually becoming enlivened with country-houses. 3 M. Frie - denau ; D /2 M. Steglitz; 5^2 M. Lichterfelde , with the new Cadet School (p. 67 ; 1 M. distant). (From Steglitz or Lichterfelde a visit may be paid to the extensive fields near Osdorf , where the experi- ment of utilising the Berlin sewage as manure is being tried.) — 71/2 M. Zehlendorf. The trains on the main-line do not stop at Neu- Babelsberg (see below). 16 M. Potsdam. 18y 2 M. Wildpark , i/ 2 M. from the New Palace (p. 72). A short branch-line leads from Zehlendorf to Potsdam via 1-2 pers. 3 pers. 4-5 pers. - 50 - 75 1 25 - 75 1 - 1 50 1 - 1 25 1 75 1 50 1 75 2 25 - 50 - 75 1 — - 75 1 - 1 25 1 - 1 50 1 75 1 50 1 75 2 — Schlachtensee , Wannsee (with the villa-colony of Alsen, on the lake of that name), and Neu-Babelsberg (2 M. from the Chateau, p. 74; steamer in summer on the Griebnitzsee to Glienicke, p. 73). Potsdam. — Cabs. First class (for 1-2 persons only) : per drive within the town 75 pf.; outside the town per y 4 hr. 75 £f., V 2 hr. B/ 4 m., 3/ 4 hr. IV 2 , 1 hr. 2 m., for each additional l / 4 hr. 50 pf. more, a whole day 12 m. Second class: for J / 4 hr V 2 hr 3/ 4 hr 1 hr Luggage 25 pf. To the Berlin Station , Neue Garten , or Muhlenberg Ruinenberg , Sanssouci Mill , and to the en- trance of the Orangery WildparJc, Neue Palais , Klein-Glienicke . . Babelsberg by Klein-Glienicke or by Nowawes Fares for the return-journey, or for a stoppage, are paid according to time: 6 hrs. 12m., 12 hrs. 15m., without regard to the number of per- sons. Double fares at night. Steamboats in summer. From the Lange Briicke (p. 69) to Glienicke (p. 73), Sacrow (p. 75), and the Pfaueninsel (p. 74) several times every afternoon, a pleasant trip. Also to Spandau. Tramways. From the Lange Briicke: 1. To Glienicke (p. 73); 2. To the Brandenburger Thor (near Sanssouci) and the Victoria- Strasse, near the Charlottenhof (p. 72; prolongation to the Wildpark contemplated). Other lines are to be constructed from the Victoria-Str. to Glienicke, and from the Lange Briicke to the Russian Colony (p. 73). Plan of Excursion. After a glance at the town , visit the *Friedens- kirche , * Sanssouci , the so-called * Orangery, the Sicilian Garden , the Ja- panese House , Charlottenhof , '-'New Palace , and then return to the town. Drive by the : f Pfingstberg to the * Marble Palace , and by Glienicke to ■ Ba- belsberg ; then to the railway-station, from which a visit may be paid to the Brauhausberg , an admirable point of view, especially by evening light. It is possible to visit all these points by carriage in one day, but very fatiguing. Smoking is prohibited in the royal gardens. The Fountains of Sanssouci usually play in summer on Sundays, from noon till dusk. The great fountain also plays on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons (see p. 10). Fees to the attendants at the different palaces, although strictly speaking prohibited: 1 pers. l-DAm., a party 3m.; comp. p. 66. Ad- mission to the palace at Potsdam, the New Palace, and the Orangery is granted by ticket (50 pf. for each pers. ; no fee). Hotels. Einsiedler, Schloss-Str. 8; Deutsches Haus, Schloss-Str. 6, good wine ; Stadt Konigsberg , Brauer-Str. 1 , with a veranda on the Havel, good cuisine. Palace. POTSDAM. 2. Route. 69 Restaurants. Railway Restaurant. — In the Town : Besides the above- mentioned hotels : Schirmer, Kreuz-Str. 16; Niedt, Wilhelms-Platz 10 ; Hor- mess , Wilhelms-Platz (for luncheon). — In the Environs: Caf6 Sanssouci , outside the Brandenburg Gate; Wackermann's Hdhe , on the Brauhausberg, with fine view ; Wildpark Station (see p. 68) ; Blulime , near the Orangery ; Hager , at Glienicke, near the Berlin high-road; Burger , on the way to Babelsberg, etc. Potsdam (45,000 inhab., garrison 7000), the seat of government for the Province of Brandenburg , is charmingly situated on the Potsdamer Werder , an island in the Havel , which here expands into a series of lakes and is bounded by wooded hills. The town is of ancient Slavonic origin, but was a place of no importance until the Great Elector founded his palace and park in the neighbourhood. It is indebted for its modern splendour to Frederick the Great, who generally resided at Potsdam , and in whose reign the palace of Sanssouci, the New Palace, and a number of handsome private resi- dences were erected, and the grounds greatly extended. Crossing the Lange Brilcke, which leads from the station to the town , we perceive the Royal Palace opposite to us. On the right stands the lime-tree (protected by a metal covering) where petitioners used to station themselves to attract the attention of Frederick the Great. To the S. of the palace, enclosed by two rows of columns, extends the Lustgarten, in which there are bronze busts of York, Bliicher, and twelve other celebrated personages, by Rauch, and a series of statues and groups, executed at the be- ginning of the last century, of little artistic value. The adjoining Palace (castellan in the court to the left), erected in 1660-1701, but dating in its present form from 1750, is inter- esting chiefly on account of the reminiscences it contains of Fred- erick the Great. His rooms , adorned with pictures by Watteau , Lancret , and Pesne , have been preserved in their original condition. His ink-stained writing- table, music-stand, autograph notes, travelling-cup, etc., are shown here. Adjoining the library, which is separated from the bedroom by a massive silver balustrade only, is a cabinet with double doors, from which the dining-table could be let down by means of a trap-door, and where the king occasionally dined with his friends without risk of being overheard by his attendants. — The study of Frederick William I. contains a few pic- tures painted by that monarch ‘in tormentis 1 ( i.e . during an attack of gout), and also a large equestrian portrait of him by Camphausen. The apartments of Frederick William II., with wainscoting in the Louis XVI. style, and those of Frederick William III. and his consort Queen Louise are also preserved unaltered. Those occupied by the late King Frederick William IV. are adorned with a number of good modern pictures. The Oranienkammern contain some old tapestry. The * Church of St. Nicholas , to the N. of the palace, erected in 1830-37 from a plan by Schinkel , a lofty edifice of cubical form, with a dome added in 1842-50, contains a large fresco in the apse, of Christ with the apostles and evangelists, designed by Schinkel, and four prophets by Cornelius in the angles of the vaulting under the dome. The tympanum of the entrance-portico contains a relief of the Sermon on the Mount, by Kiss, from designs by Schinkel. 70 Route 2. POTSDAM. Friedemkirche. Fine view from the open colonnade of the dome. (Sacristan at the parsonage, adjoining the church on the right.) The neighbouring Rathhaus, the gable of which is adorned with a gilded figure of Atlas hearing the globe, was built in 1754. The Obelisk in front of it, 75 ft. in height, is embellished with medallion- busts of the Great Elector and the first three kings of Prussia. Ad- joining the royal palace is the Barberini Palace , built in 1850-52, containing large assembly-rooms for scientific and other societies. A vault under the pulpit of the Garrison Church, more to the W., contains the remains of Frederick the Great and of his father Frederick William I., the founder of the church. A number of flags, chiefly French, captured in 1813-15 and in 1870-71, are suspended on each side of the pulpit. The tower contains musical bells, which play every half hour. Sacristan, Kiez-Str. 24. The Wilhelms-Platz is adorned with a Statue of Frederick Wil- liam III., designed by Kiss. The Military and the Civil Orphan Asylums , the Casino , the French Church , built in 1752, the Theatre, the Hussars' Barracks , the new Roman Catholic Church, in the Bassin-Platz, and the Uh- lan Barracks are also handsome buildings. The Weinbergthor, in the N.W. part of the town, was designed by Hesse in the style of the Arcus Argentarius at Rome, and is adorned with terracotta re- liefs by Schievelbein and Blaser, representing the return of the Crown Prince of Prussia from the campaign against Baden. Outside the (W.) Brandenburg Gate , erected in the form of a Roman triumphal arch by Unger in 1770, with a handsome new allegorical fountain-group of five figures near it , an avenue to the right leads to the *Park of Sanssouci. At the entrance to the park, iy 2 M. from the station, rises the *Friedenskirche , or 1 Church of Peace', in the early Christian basilica style , designed by Persius, and completed in 1850, the favourite building of Fred. William 1Y. We first enter a Quadrangle, enclosed by arcades, adjoining wliicli rises the clock-tower, 130 ft. in height, with openings adorned with minia- ture columns. In the cloisters, at the foot of the tower, are some inter- esting Romanesque Italian sculptures. Beyond the cloisters, the entrance to which from the park is formed by a modern Romanesque portal in ter- racotta, we enter the somewhat smaller Atrium (the ‘paradise’ of the an- cient basilicas) , where to the left stands RietscheVs *Pietas (the Saviour’s body and the weeping mother) ; opposite to it Rauch's "Group of Moses (Moses, supported by Aaron and Hur, praying for victory); and in the centre a copy of Thorvaldsen'' s Risen Christ. The somewhat bare Inte- rior of the basilica, borne by sixteen Ionic columns in black marble, con- tains, in front of the chancel, the burial-vaults of Frederick William IV. (d. 1861) and of his Queen Elizabeth (d. 1873); the angel in Carrara marble is by Tenerani of Rome. The apse is adorned with an old Venetian mo- saic from S. Cipriano di Malamocco, representing Christ, Mary, and Peter on the right, and John the Baptist and St. Cyprian on the left. Entering the garden , we soon reach the * Great Fountain , the water of which rises to a height of 112 ft. (p. 68), and several others near it. Of the twelve figures surrounding the basin (18th cent.), the Venus by Pigalle alone merits inspection. The equestrian Sansaouc. i. POTSDAM. 2. Route . 7 1 Statue of Frederick the Great in Carrara marble, to the S. of the Great Fountain, is freely copied from Rauch’s celebrated work (p. 18), and the reliefs on the neighbouring bronze vase are a repe- tition of those on the pedestal of the monument of Fred. William III. in the Thiergarten (p. 65). A broad flight of steps, 66 ft. in height, intersected by six Ter- races , ascends from the great fountain to the palace. Frederick the Great’s greyhounds and chargers are buried at the E. end of the highest terrace. This was once a favourite resort of the king, who expressed a wish to be buried at the foot of the statue of Flora here (‘Quand je serai la, je serai sans souci’). The Palace of Sanssouci , a building of one story, erected by Knobelsdorff for Frederick the Great in 1745-47, and that mon- arch’s almost constant residence, stands on an eminence above the town. His rooms are still preserved almost unaltered. It was after- wards occupied by Frederick William IV., who died here in 1861. The castellan lives in the building to the E. of the palace. The main interest of the palace consists in the numerous reminiscences it contains of its illustrious founder. A clock, which he was in the habit of winding up, is said to have stopped at the precise moment of his death (2. 20, 17th Aug., 1786). His portrait (in his 56th year) by Pesne is said to be the only likeness for which he ever sat. The walls are hung with pictures hy Pesne , Lancret , Watteau , and others. The library con- tains a few ancient busts , the best of which is one of *Homer. In the dining-room stands a bronze bust of Charles XII. of Sweden. The W. wing contains the room in which Frederick William IV. died (kept un- altered) and also that once occupied by Voltaire. In the latter are some wood-carvings and embroidery. The Picture Gallery, in a separate building, has yielded up its finest works to the Museum at Berlin, though some of those re- maining are ascribed to the great masters. F rom Sanssouci a path leads in ] /4 hr. to the Ruinenberg (see Plan) , an eminence with artificial ruins, beneath which is the reservoir for the fountains of Sanssouci. The water is pumped into it from the Havel hy means of steam-engines. The tower (129 steps ; fee 30 pf.) commands a beautiful and extensive prospect. The way to the Orangery leads past the famous Windmill , the owner of which is said to have refused to sell it to Frederick the Great (now royal property) , and through the Northern Garden or l Pinetum\ The ^Orangery, an extensive structure in the Florentine style, 330 yds. in length, was completed in 1856 from plans by Hesse. On the terrace are two columns with statues of Ceres and Flora, and a copy of the Farnese Bull. Below are two ancient sarcophagi, used as fountain-troughs. The long facade is adorned with numer- ous statues: the Seasons and the Months by Schievelbein, Wittiy , F. Mayer , Franz , a,n in front of the palace, Man with a torch, by E. Wolff. in the Arcades, rich ornamentation by Kolbe and Hesse. Marble sculptures in the Interior: Rauch , Figure putting on sandals; -Tieck, Marble disc, fL a P 0rt 1 rait of Wackenroder on one side, and Clio on the other; E. \r i 5 ^ n £d er , Shepherd-boy, Hebe and Ganymede, Venus and Cupid; Wichmann .Cupid and Psyche; Trippel, Bust of Mercury; Heroes, Lorelei Cupid and Pysche; Troschel , Satyr; Hopf garter , , Bacchante and infant Bac? elms planting [vines; Schadow, Reliefs; Canova , Vase. — Pictures: Hackert, I wo Neapolitan landscapes; Frey, Simoom in Egypt, Views of the Pyra- ^.% lCh 4 h °!' n ' °^ ek landsca Pes; Lutke , Groups of trees, after Claude, 1191: , -Kretschmer The Margrave of Schwedt and Sevdlitz on a dangerous expedition and Seydhtz’s equestrian exploit. — Ceiling by Frisch (1796) and Klober: the four Seasons. Room painted by Klober in 1847: Venus, Morpheus, God of Dreams, large Bacchic scene. . ™ 16 which externally looks like a temple sunk in the lake, is connected with the palace by a subterranean passage 50 paces long. On the ' f Pfingstberg , which rises in the vicinity, stands a handsome ornamental building , part of a projected villa, designed by Hesse, the towers of which (152 steps) afford an extensive view of the environs, with Berlin, Spandau, Nauen, and Branden- burg in the distance , most striking by evening-light. A carriage- road ascends to the summit of the hill. At the base on the 8. side lies the extensive Exercising -ground . At Glienicke on the Berlin road, on the left bank of the Havel, is situated a Chateau of Prince Charles , with a garden and large *Park. 74 Route 2. POTSDAM. Babelsberg . If, from tlie entrance next to the fountains near the road, we follow the first road leading to the right, we reach the so-called Roman Bench , on the banks of a small artificial lake and waterfall. On a slight eminence above lies the * Weisse Bank , affording a capital survey of the whole basin of the Havel ; we then follow the road and come to the Victoria-Bank , whence we enjoy an extensive view of the other side of the river. We now return to the Chateau. The entrance-court, the 1 Neugierde\ and the ‘ Casino 1 contain a number of antique sculptures, paintings, and inscriptions ,* the last also commands a beautiful view. To the N.W. of the palace is a ‘restoration' 1 of the court of an old monastery, the older parts of which came from Padua (admission on application to the porter). It contains, amongst numerous other mediaeval relics, the old coronation-chair of the German emperors from Goslar, which Emp. William used at the first opening of the Imperial Diet. The reserved park is noted for its well- kept turf; admission on application to the Inspector, who lives close by. On the other side of the road rises the Bottchers-Berg , surmount- ed with a Loggia, containing a marble bust of the Empress Alexandra of Russia, and commanding a fine ^Panorama. At the foot of the hill is an old Hunting-Lodge of the Great Elector, whose bust is placed above one of the gates , in the rococo style , restored as a residence for Prince Frederick Charles. In the vicinity ( 3 / 4 M.) is the entrance to the park and the palace of Babelsberg. The porter at the gate provides a guide through the park, if required (V 2 ~l m.J. — Those who wish to visit Babelsberg first leave the railway at Neu-Babelsberg station (p. 68). The picturesque palace of * Babelsberg, the property of the Emp. William, was erected in the English Gothic style by Schinkel in 1835, and extended in 1848. It stands in a beautiful park, laid out by Prince Puckler. The "Interior of the chateau is tastefully decorated, and contains numerous works of art. Pictures : * Wit tick, Page ; * Tli. Hildebrandt , Othello ; Meyer of Bremen , Mother giving her child to a kneeling girl ; Ilagn , Conversation ; C. Becker , The young recruit ; Spangenberg , Sleeping forester ; Dannhauser, Scene from the Danish war; *Bleibtreu , At Koniggratz ; land- scapes by Dage , Hummel , Harrach , and others. Also memorials of the campaigns of 1864, 1866, and 1870-71. Charming Views through the dense foliage , of Potsdam , Sanssouci , the Pfmgstberg , the Marble Palace, Glienicke , the broad expanse of the Havel , and the wooded hills. The water of the fountains in front of the palace is forced to the height of 100 ft. from the Havel by means of a steam-engine. On the E. side of the palace is a monument with the Archangel Michael , by Kiss , a gift of Frederick William IY. The adjacent Gothic building to the right is the kitchen. On the neighbouring Lenne-Hohe stands the so-called GericMs- laube , a Gothic colonnade, which was detached from the old Rath- haus in Berlin in 1871, and re-erected here by order of the Em- peror. Extensive view. — To the S. rises the Flatower Thurm , a lofty tower resembling the Eschenheimer-Thor Thurm at Frankfort, erected in 1856 and commanding a fine panorama. The Pfaueninsel, 3 M. to the N.E. of Potsdam, once a favourite resort of Frederick William III., converted by him into a park, and abounding in beautiful oaks, is now rarely visited. The Chdteau is in the form of a ruined Roman villa with two round towers connected by a bridge, and the Farm at the extremity of the island in that of a Gothic ruin. The Kavalierhaus was built with the stones of Count Sclilieffen’s old house at Dantsic. Between Glienicke and the Pfaueninsel, on the right bank of the OBERHAUSEN. 3 . Route . 75 Havel, lies Sacrow (Restaurant on tlie river), with the Church of Our Saviour, a basilica built by Persius for Frederick William IV. The *Brauhausber g (Restaurant , p. 69), adjoining the rail- way-station on the S., commands a beautiful view of the town and the wide expanse of the Havel, finest by evening-light. — Farther to the S., on the Telegraphenberg , stands the Astronomical and Physical Observatory , an admirably equipped institution , built by Spieker in 1875-79 (visitors admitted on Fridays 3-6 ; custodian in the main building). 3. From Cologne to Hanover, and to Berlin by Stendal or Magdeburg. Railway to Hanover (203 M.), express in 6 hrs. (fare 30 m. 10 pf.): quick train in 6 hrs. 50 min. (fares 30 m. 10, 22 m. 40, 15 m. 70 pf.) : or- dinary trains in 11 hrs. (fares 26 m. 80, 20 m. 10, 13 m. 50 pf.). — Express from Cologne to Berlin (361 M.) in 10V 4 -11 hrs. (fares 53 m. 30, 39 m. 60 pf.) ; comp. p. 83. ’ From Cologne to (24 M.) Dilsseldorf , see Baedeker’s Rhine. — 30 M. Calcum , near which is Kaiserswerth, with its extensive cha- ritable institutions. Near (34 M.) Grossenbaum is the chateau of Heltorf , adorned with frescoes by Lessing. 39M. Duisburg (Europaischer Hof; Hof von Holland^, a very ancient town , situated near the Rhine and the Ruhr , with both of which it is connected by a canal, is a rapidly increasing manufactur- ing place , with 37,300 inhab., and one of the chief depots of the Ruhr coal-traffic. The * Salvatorkirche , of the 15th cent., was restored in 1850. — The train now crosses the Ruhr. 44 M. Oberhausen (Hof von Holland; Rail . Restaurant ), a town of very recent origin, with 15,465 inhab., is the junction of the Cologne-Minden , Miilheim-Ruhrort , and Wesel- Emmerich lines. Extensive ironworks in the vicinity. 49 M. Berge-Borbeck. — 51 M. Altenessen is the junction for (1 ^M.) .Essen (see p. 90). — 56 M. Gelsenkirchen , whence a branch- line diverges to Krdy. 59 M. Wanne, the junction for Osnabriick, Bremen, and Hamburg (R. 16); 61 M. Herne; 66 M. Castrop. The line to Dortmund traverses one of those flat agricultural tracts so characteristic , even in the time of Tacitus, of this part of Germany, with the addition of frequent signs of modern industry. 73 M. Dortmund (*Rdmischer Kaiser ; Middendorf ; Kblnischer Hof; Konig ; Rheinischer Hof; Kuhn), a town with 58,000 inhab., the most important in Westphalia, is the central point of a mining district, with numerous foundries, the headquarters of the mining authorities of Westphalia, and the meeting-point of five railways. It is at the same time one of the most ancient places in this part of the country, being mentioned in history as early as 927, probably fortified in the 10th cent., and frequently chosen for the meeting of imperial diets and ecclesiastical assemblies. It afterwards became a free imperial and fortified Hanseatic town, and in 1387-88 success- 76 Route 3. HAMM. From Cologne fully resisted a siege of 21 months by the Archbishop of Cologne and other princes. After the Thirty Years’ War, however, the place lost its importance. The greater part of the massive walls has been removed , and the town now wears a modernised aspect. The church of St. Reinoldi , in the transition-style of the 13th cent., con- tains stained glass, a font, and a brazen reading-desk of the 15th century. Adjacent is the lofty Marienkirche , a Romanesque structure built after 1150, with a Gothic choir of 1350 ; the high altar-piece is by a master of the early Cologne school. The Roman Catholic Parish Church , once the church of the Dominicans, is a Gothic edifice, finished in 1353 ; it contains an interesting but badly preserved altar-piece by Yictor and Heinrich Diinwegge of Dortmund (1521). The Vehmgericht , a celebrated Secret Tribunal, was founded in West- phalia after the fall of Henry the Lion, at a time when anarchy and law- lessness prevailed throughout Germany, and in the 14th and 15th centuries had extended its sway over the whole empire. The number of the initiated, bound by the most fearful oaths to execute the decrees of the tribunal, is said to have exceeded 100,000. In Westphalia alone the Freigraf , or presi- dent, was privileged to hold meetings for receiving new members. Dort- mund was the seat of the supreme court, and here, in the ‘ Konigshof under the Linden', the Emp. Sigismund was himself initiated in 1429. Latterly, however, the tribunal degenerated to little more than a police-court, before which the inhabitants of Dortmund and the neighbourhood carried their grievances. The last meeting held by this society here was in 1803. One of the lime-trees is still standing near the railway-station, and is believed to be upwards of 400 years old. From Dortmund to Dusseldorf, 44 M., a line of the Bergisch Mar- kisch Railway runs via Langendreer , Bochum , Steele , and Essen (seeR.5), and thence down the pretty Ruhrtlial. — 271/2 M. Werden {Ricking; TJnter- harnscheidt), an ancient town, with 6700 inhab., was formerly the seat of a Benedictine abbey, now used as a penitentiary. The handsome * Church was built in the transition- style of the 12th and 13th cent, on the site of an earlier edifice partly destroyed by fire in 875, and was restored in 1849. The crypt dates from 1060, the W. part of the nave and the tower from 1160. In the crypt is the burial-vault of St. Ludgerus (d. 809). The * Platte is a fine point of view. — 30 M. Kettwig ( Overmann ; Schiesen) with old established cloth-factories, is prettily situated. Branch-line from Kettwig to Mulheim an der Ruhr (p. 90). — 44 M. Dusseldorf, see Baedeker's Rhine. From Dortmund to Dusseldorf by the Rhenish Railway , 48!/2 M., in 21/2 hrs. (fares 5 m. 80, 4 m. 40, 2 m. 90 pf.). This line runs via Herdecke (p. 91) and Hagen (p. 84), beyond which it coincides almost exactly with the Bergisch Markisch Railway; comp. R. 5, p. 83, and Baedeker's Rhine. 83 M. Camen. — 93 M. Hamm ( *Graf von der Mark, Stadtkeller , Rheinischer Hof , in the town; Besing , Wieseler , at the station), with 20,000 inhab., once the fortified capital of the County of Mark, which in 1660 was annexed to Brandenburg, is now a manufacturing place, iron wire, tacks, and engines being the staple commodities. The large Protestant Church was built in the 13th and 14th centuries. The Roman Catholic Church , built in 1510, is remarkable for its great length and narrowness, there being only one aisle (that on the S.). The new Gymnasium is a handsome building. Adjacent is the new Supreme Court of Westphalia. — Hamm is the junction of the Westphalian line: N. to Munster (p. 127) and Emden (p. 137), S.E. to Soest (p. 126), and S.W. to Unna and Schwerte (p. 127). to Berlin. BIELEFELD. 3. Route 77 The train crosses the Lippe. 100 M. Ahlen ; 106 M. Beckum; 111 M. Oelde. Near (117 M.) Rheda , the Ems is crossed. — 124 M. Giitersloh (Schmale), with 4800 inhab., is a great depot of West- phalian hams and sausages , which are largely exported. The ‘ Pumpernickel ’ of this district, a dark brown bread made with un- sifted rye-flour, is considered extremely nutritious. The S. slopes of the Teutoburgian Forest , to the E. of (132 M.) Brackwede , are pointed out as the scene of the defeat of Varus by Arminius (or Hermann), chief of the Cherusci, A.D. 9 (comp, p. 79). The train now enters a more hilly district. 135 M. Bielefeld (Drei Kronen; Spengler ; Ravensberger Hof ; Westfalischer Hof , well spoken of), with 26,600 inhab., the cen- tral point of the Westphalian linen-traffic, which was introduced here by Dutch settlers in the 16th cent, and attained great im- portance in the 17th, is a busy manufacturing town. The Marien- kirche , with a fine altar-piece (14th cent.), and the Nicolaikirche , with a carved altar of 1508, are two interesting Gothic churches of the 13th century. The castle on the Sparenberg , rising above the town , originally erected by the Guelph Count of Lippe , in the 12th cent., was partially destroyed by fire in 1877, but has been restored. It is surrounded with pleasant grounds. The *Berglust , a plain restaurant at the foot of the castle, commands a fine view. The Johannisberg , to the S.W. of Bielefeld, is another good point of view (Schutzenhaus, halfway up). 143y 2 M. Herford (Stadt Berlin; Rhode's Hotel), with 12,000 inhab., the second town in the County of Iiavensberg, pos- sesses numerous cotton and flax mills. It owes its origin to a nun- nery which was founded in the 9th cent. 011 a hill on the N. side of the town, the abbess of which enjoyed princely rank and was entitled to a seat in the Imperial Diet. The Marienkirche , or Abbey Church , founded about 1030, and re-erected in 1325, is a handsome build- ing with remains of old stained glass, a stone altar of the 14th cent. , and an antique carved altar. The Munster , a Romanesque structure of the beginning of the 13th cent., with a Gothic apse of the 15th cent., contains some silver vessels of the early Romanesque period and a font of the 15th century. Enger, a small town 4 M. to the W. of Herford , was the seat of Charlemagne’s obstinate opponent, Wittekind , Duke of Saxony, after he became a Christian. His bones are still preserved here in the Abbey Church, which was built in the 12th cent, but afterwards much altered. From Herford to Detmold and Bergheim, 28^ M., diligence twice daily (railway in progress). The road leads by Salzufeln (Grimme ; Stadt Bremen), with salt-baths and a large starch-factory. A road diverges hence to Lemgo (Wiilker; diligence twice a day), a small town of 5100 inhab., with a Romanesque church altered in the Gothic style about 1290, a handsome town-hall, and many gabled houses (in stone and timberwork) in the Renaissance style of the DETMOLD. From Cologne I 16th century. Meerschaum pipes are extensively made here. — From Lemgo to Rihteln (p. 123), 17 J/ 2 M., diligence daily in 3^4 hrs. The Detmold road then leads to Schotmar and Lage , thriving places in a fertile and undulating district. 17 M. Detmold {Lippe* scher Hof , Stadt Frankfurt , near the Schloss-Platz ; two-horse carr. to Bergheim 12 m. and fee, to the Externsteine 7 */ 2 m. and fee), the pleasant little capital of the principality of Lippe-Detmold, with 7000 inhabitants. In the middle of the town lies the Residenz-Schloss , a Renaissance struc- ture, dating from the 16th cent, and worthy of a visit. It contains some fine silver vessels and tapestry. To the N. of the palace-square are the prince’s stables , containing about 80 horses (‘Senner’, see p. 79). At the S. end of the town is the New Palace , inhabited by the prince (erected 1708-18, enlarged in 1850). The beautiful palace-garden, with fountains, is only accessible by permission of the prince’s gardener. Near the Gymnasium is a Natural History Mu- seum. The Library contains 50,000 volumes. In the Wehne, near the market, are the house in which the poet Freiligrath (1810- 76) was born and that in which Grabbe (1801-36) died. About 3 M. from Detmold, to the S.W., rises the Groteriburg ; the route, which cannot be mistaken, leads through the Avenue by the canal, tra- verses the entrenchment, and follows the road to Hiddesen for five mi- nutes. At a direction-post we diverge by a footpath to the left, which fur- ther on is indicated by stone pillars. The high-road leads upwards in a long to Berlin . BAD OEYNHAUSEN. 3. Route. 79 curve, after passing Hiddesen. On the Grotenburg (1162 ft. above the sea, 840 ft. above Detmold ; Focke’s Inn), one of the highest points of the Teutoburgian hills , rises the colossal Hermanns- Denkmal or Monument of Arminius , which was inaugurated on 16th August, 1875. Upon an arched substruction, 100 ft. in height, stands the statue (56 ft.) of the Prince of the Cherusci, with raised sword. (The point of the sword is 30 ft. above the top of the helmet, so that the total height is 186 ft.) The work was exe- cuted by the sculptor Ernst v. Bandel (d. 1876), who devoted to it a great part of his life. The substructure was begun in 1838 and completed in 1846. The different parts of the statue are cast in copper, and attached to ^strong iron frame-work. The cost of the work amounted to about 270,000 m. The gallery of the monument commands an admirable Pano- rama. Traces of old Germanic fortifications, the Grosse and Kleine Hiinen- nng , are still visible. The precise position of the battle-field where in the year A.D. 10 Arminius the Cheruscan gained a signal victory over the Roman general Varus, cannot now be determined; but it is supposed to have been on the S. slopes descending towards Brackwede (p. 77). — The nearest way to the Externsteine, to the E. of the Grotenburg, is by Berlebeck , 2 ! /2 hrs. ; guide necessary. About 3Y2. M. to the S.W. of the Grotenburg lies the famous horse- rearing establishment of Lopshorn , where the ’‘Benner‘s a peculiar race of horses, remarkable for power of endurance, is bred. 23 M. Horn (Post), a small town with 1700 inhabitants. About 1 M. to the S. of Horn, on the road to Paderborn, rise the Externsteine ( Reineke's Inn , well spoken of), a curious group of five rocks 100-130 ft. in height, protruding from the earth like gigantic teeth, which to a certain height can be ascended by steps. The name occurs in documents of 1093 in the form of ‘Agistersteineb In one of the rocks is a grotto, 33 ft. in length, 9V2 in breadth, and 6V4 in height, into which opens the mouth of a cave (17 ft. in length, 11 ft. in width, and 71/2 ft. in height). According to an inscription in the grotto itself and a manu- script of 1115 the grotto was fitted up by the Benedictines of Paderborn m imitation of the Holy Sepulchre. Outside the entrance to the grotto and hewn in the rock somewhat in the old Oriental style, is a relief re- presenting the Descent from the Cross (16 ft. high, 10 ft. broad) in two sections; in the upper are represented, in colossal figures, the dead body ot Christ being removed from the Cross by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, with the Virgin and the Evangelists. Above hovers God the Father with the banner of the Cross, and the figure of a child (the soul of the Saviour?), or perhaps Christ himself; at the side, the sun and moon. In the lower section are seen a man and a woman kneeling (Adam and Eve), entwined by a serpent, waiting for redemption. About 21/2 M. to the E. of Horn and 9 M. from Bergheim is Mein- berg (Lodgings at the Stern , Rose , und Badehaus ), a watering-place, with sulphur, salt, [and mud-baths, which are beneficial in cases of gout and rheumatism. 28^2 M. Berglieim, see p. 124. 151 M. Lohne , the junction for Hameln (p. 123) and Rheine (p. 137). 154 M. Bad Oeynhausen. — Hotels. Vogeler’s Hotel ; Rose;Pa- villon ; Victoria; Borsenhalle; Starke. Restaurant at the Curhaus , and at the hotels. , Tax 9 m., each additional pers. 3 m.— Music Tax 6 m., tamily 9-13V2 m. A band plays thrice daily near the Curhaus. Bad Oeynhausen, or Rehme (233 ft.), a watering-place of some repute (about 3200 patients annually), picturesquely situated on the Werre, is named after an engineer of that name (d. 1865), who con- 80 Route 3. M1NDEN. From Cologne ducted the boring operations which led to the discovery of the thermal water. In the Cur-Park , three warm saline springs (93°, 80° and 78° Fahr. respectively) issue from a shaft 2030 ft. in depth, the principal fountain rising in a jet 30 ft. in height. The water is used for different kinds of baths. Handsome bath-house. Favourite walks to the Siehl, to Melbergen , the Kappenberg , etc. The train crosses the Weser near the village of Hausberg, and soon enters the Weserscharte , or Porta Westphalica, a narrow de- file by which the Westphalian mountains are quitted. 160 M. Porta (Steinert’s Hotel, on the right bank ; Nottmeier’s, on the left bank, both with pleasant grounds). The railway- station at the foot of the Jacobsberg (617ft.) on the right bank resembles a small castle. On the opposite bank of the river, which is crossed by a chain-bridge, rises the Wittekindsberg (820 ft.) , a tower (74 ft.) at the top of which commands a beautiful and extensive view. In the adjacent Margarethen-Cluse , a chapel, of which the outer walls and a rude altar and font alone remain , the Saxon duke Wittekind is said to have been baptised under Charlemagne’s compulsion (comp. p. 91). The neighbouring quarries of excellent sandstone afford an inter- esting view of the stratification of the rock. The train soon emerges from the defile and traverses the small plain which lies between the Weser Mts. and Minden. 164M. Minden {Rail. Restaurant ; * Victoria Hotel and Stadt London in the town, 8/4 M. distant), with 17,000 inhab., the seat of a prince-bishop from the time of Charlemagne down to 1649, lies on the Weser , which is crossed here by a new bridge. The Roman Catholic * Cathedral is a well-proportioned edifice, of which the tower dates from 1062-72 and the nave from the end of the 13th cent. ; the choir, built in 1377-79, has been recently restored. The cathedral treasury contains numerous valuable crucifixes, chalices, candelabra, and other objects. The four Protestant churches are insignificant. The handsome Government Buildings , constructed of the same brown , veined sandstone , which has been used for many other buildings in the town, were erected in 1846. The Rathhaus , in the market , posesses a Gothic portico with columns and a Gothic gable of brick. The fortifications of the town were levelled in 1872. On the battle-field of Todtenhausen , 3 M. to the TS . , a Gothic monu- ment commemorates the victory of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick over the French, 1st Aug. 1750. From Minden (Lohne) to OsnabriicJc and Rheine , see R. 8. I 68 Y 2 M. Biickeburg (Deutsches Haus ; Rathskeller ), the capital of the principality of Lippe-Schaumburg, is a dull town, with 4800 inhab., a palace, and a pleasant park. The unsightly church bears the appropriate inscription, l Religionis non structurae exemplum\ The * Klein-Bremer Berg (988 ft.), 3 M. to the S. of Biickeburg (reached by following the Rinteln road to Klein -Bremen, and then turning to the left), commands an extensive panorama. Eilsen , a small watering-place with sulphur and mud-baths, lies 5 M. to Berlin. STENDAL. 3. Route. 81 to the S.E. of Biickeburg (diligence in summer twice a day). — The Paschenburg (1148 ft.), a much frequented inn on one of the highest hills of the Weser, may be visited hence, and in coming from Biicke- burg we may leave the diligence before reaching Eilsen. Pedestrians ascend it in 2V2 hrs. via the Arnsburg and Bernsen. Fine view of the Schaumburg below, the ancestral seat of the counts of that name, and of the valley of the Weser. Rmtcln (p. 123) lies about 6 M. to the S.W. , and Biickeburg 9 M. to the FT. of this point. From Hessisch-Oldendorf (p. 123) the Paschen- burg may be ascended in 1 3 / 4 hr. via Welsede , Koverden , and the ruins of Schaumburg. 177 M. Stadthagen (Stadt London), an ancient town with an old chateau and Rathhaus, and many timber-buildings ; by the church the mausoleum of the princely family. 186 M. Haste, whence a branch-line runs by the small baths of Nenndorf to Weetzen (p. 123). 189Y 2 M. Wunstorf, the junction for Bremen (p. 130), with a monastery founded in 871, the church of which has been success- fully restored. 203 M. Hanover, see p. 105; from Hanover to Gottingen and Cassel, see R. 7 ; to Altenbeken, see R. 12. 213 M. Lehrte , the junction of the Harburg (R. 19), Brunswick (p. 82), and Hildesheim (15 M. ; p. Ill) lines. 238 M. Gif horn (Deutsches Haus); 247 M. Fallersleben, where the poet Hoffmann von Fallersleben was born in 1798; 253 M. Vorsfelde , to the left of which is the large chateau of Count Schulen- burg-W olfsburg ; 258 M. Oebisfelde , the junction of a line to Magde- burg (p. 82); 267 M. Gardelegen , an old town with dilapidated walls and a Romanesque church ; 288 M. Vinzelberg. 296 M. Stendal ( Adler ; Schwan ; Rudolphi) , a town with 12,900 inhab., founded in the 12th cent, by Albert the Bear on the site of a Slavonic settlement, was once the capital of the Altmark. The Cathedral, a noble late-Gothic structure, was erected in 1420-24 and restored in 1857. The W. portions with the towers, in the transition-style , date from 1257. In the choir stained glass of 1480. Gothic cloisters of 1460. The imposing late-Gothic Marien- kirche was completed in 1447. In front of the late-Gothic Rathhaus is a Roland’s Column of 1535. A monument was erected here in 1859 to the celebrated antiquarian Winckelmann, who was born at Stendal in 1717. The town is still partially enclosed with pictur- esque old * Fortifications of the 13th-15th cent., of which the TJeng- linger and Tangermunder Thor are the finest parts. — Branch-line to Wittenberge (p. 195). Tangermiinde , picturesquely situated on the lofty bank of the Elbe, 7y2 M. to the S.E. of Stendal (diligence 3 times daily), is remarkable for its highly ornate brick - buildings of the 14th cent. , the finest of which are the gateways and the recently restored Rathhaus. The Schloss , most of which is now modern, was long the residence of the Margraves of Brandenburg. Fr° m Stendal to Bremen, 145 M., in 51 / 4 - 61/2 hrs. (fares 17 m. 5, 12 m. • ’ £ m ' ^ Country flat and uninteresting. The most important station is (3o M.) Salzwedel (Deutscher Hof), one of the oldest places in the March, and once a Hanseatic town (8200 inhab.), containing a number of interesting buildings. The chief of these are the Marienkirche of the 13th and 14th, Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 0 82 Route 3. SPANDAU. From Cologne cent, (containing tlie Markgrafenstuhl, a "Crucifix, and other works of art); the Katharinenkirche , begun in 1247, altered in the 15th cent., possessing an admirable carved altar; th e Lorenzkirche (Rom. Cath.), of the 13th and 14th cent.; the Altstadt-Rathhaus , of 1509; and lastly a number of late- Gothic timber-buildings. — 66 M. Uelzen (p. 143) is the junction for Ham- burg. At (127 M.) Langwedel our line joins that from Hanover (p. 130). Bremen , see p. 130. From Siendal to Hamburg (110 M.) and to Magdeburg (53 M.), see p. 311. The train soon crosses the Elbe. 305 M. Schonhausen, the pro- perty of the Bismarck-Schonhausen family since 1562, and the birthplace of the Chancellor of the German Empire in 1815. 318 M. Rathenow , with 9900 inhab., manufactures glass and spectacles. 325 M. Nennhausen ; 344 M. Wustermark. Country flat and un- interesting. 353 M. Spandau (Adler) on the Havel, with 27,000 inhab., is strongly fortified. The church of St. Nicholas, of the 16th cent., contains interesting monuments and a very ancient font in metal. The cannon-foundry is a conspicuous building. 361 M. Berlin, see p. 1. From Hanover to Magdeburg (92 M.), in 3-4V2 hrs. (fares, 10 m. 20, 8 m. 30, 5 m. 70 pf.); through-trains also run on this line to Berlin and to Cologne. Another railway between Magdeburg and Hanover, the Magdeburg -Oehisfelde, joins the Berlin-Stendal- Hanover line (p. 81), and also runs express trains. The first station beyond Lehrte (p. 81 ; junction for Hamburg, Stendal, and Hildesheim) is Hamelerwald. To the left the church- tower of Sievershausen comes into view, where the Elector Maurice of Saxony, the opponent of Charles V., lost his life in 1553 in a battle against Margrave Albert of Brandenburg-Baireuth. Stations Peine , Vechelde, and — 371/2 M. Brunswick (p. 114; * Refreshment Room), junction for the Harz line (R.,,68). The train skirts the ducal park and the chateaux of Richmond and Williamscastle (comp. p. 122). Stations Weddel , Schandelah , Bornum. 56 M. Konigslutter , a small town on the Lutter , once the seat of a Benedictine abbey founded in 1110, the Romanesque church of which, a columnar basilica, was built by Emp. Lothaire II. in 1135, with Gothic ad- ditions; handsome cloisters. The church contains the tomb of Lothaire, his wife, and his son-in-law. 62 M. Frellstedt. 65 M. Helmstedt ( Erbprinz ; Petzold), an ancient town, was once famous for its university, founded in 1575, and closed in 1809. Memorial tablets to many of the old professors have been placed on the houses they occupied. The old university building, in the Renaissance style, contains a library and the gymnasium. The town boasts of several handsome dwelling-houses of the 16th cen- tury. The Stephanskirche dates from the 12th century. On a hill to the W. stands the old church of a suppressed Augustinian nun- nery, consecrated in 1256, now a Protestant place of worship (tran- Geograph.Ans-la.lt von ELBERFELD. Hiiisbeck Hotels: a -Blonn r.um WeicLenhof ~b.Fcdk. c.JHuimev Hot' dyictoria e.ZurPost F. Zweibriicker ffof Fisenbakn ■ — _ -Pferdebahn, to Berlin. ELBERFELD. 4. Route. 83 sition-style). The Lubbensteine near the town were probably once heathen altars. To the E. of the town is the Benedictine abbey of St. Ludgeri, secularised in 1803, the church of which is still used for Roman Catholic worship. About 2 V 4 M. farther on are Bad Helmstedt and the Clarabad , two small watering-places with mineral springs, situated in a valley of the Lappwald. About 3 M. to the E. is Sommer schenburg, the seat of Count Gneisenau where the celebrated Marshal Gneisenau (d. 1831) is buried Branch-line (in 40 min. j 1 m. 80, 1 m. 20, 75 pf.) from Helmstedt to Jerxheim (p. 86). Stations Eilsleben (junction for Kreiensen and Cologne, p. 86), Niederndodeleben , and Sudenburg (p. 86), a suburb of Magdeburg! 92 M. Magdeburg (p. 86); thence to Berlin , see R. 4. 4. From Cologne to Berlin by Scherfede and Magdeburg. , 0 36 i a M Q n R Ai I i^AY (Bergisch- Markisch) in 101/2-20 hrs. (express fares 52 m. 60, 39 m. 10, 28 m. 10 pf. ; ordinary 47 m., 34 m. 60, 22 m. 80 pf.). The train starts from Deutz , opposite Cologne (see Baedeker's Rhine). 2y 2 M. Mulheim , on the Rhine ; 7 M. Schlebusch ; 9 M. Opladen ; 12 M. Leichlingen ; 17 M. Oldigs- Wald (branch-line in y 4 hr. to Soling en , an important manufacturing place); 20 M. Haan ,• 23 M. Vohwinkel , junction of the line to Steele , an impor- tant coal-railway ; 24y 2 M. Sonnborn. The line now crosses the Wupper , and reaches — 27M. Elberfeld (Hotel Bloem zum Weidenhof; Victoria ; Post • Mainzer Hof: Rheinischer Hof) and (29y 2 M.) Barmen ( Kaiserhof • Hotel, Vogler ; Vereinshaus , all at the station; Zur Pfalz ; Schutzen- haus) , which now form an uninterrupted succession of manu- factories and dwelling-houses, about 5 M. in length. The sister towns, which have risen to importance since the middle of last £entury, n ° W contain 189,000 inhab. (Elberfeld, 93,700; Barmen 95,500), and rank among the richest manufacturing towns on the continent. Ihe chief products of their very numerous and ex- tensive factories are cotton, calico, silk, ribbons, Turkey-red dyed goods, soap, candles, and chemicals. Since the introduction of power -looms the value of the cotton and silk manufactures has risen to 130 million marks annually. For a description of the towns, see Baedeker's Rhine. TP Branch Railway from Barmen to the manufacturing places Lennep , Kemscheid , Huckeswagen , and Wipperfiirth . i m F «n 01V J EL oo RF A LD ™ Gusseldorf by railway in 1 hr. (fares 2 m. 40, S tatl0ns Sonnborn, Vohwinkel , Haan (see above), Hoch- dahl Erkram, Gerresheim , Diisseldorf; comp. p. 76, and see Baedeker's Rhine. ihe line skirts the E. side of the valley of the Wupper. 30 M. Ritter shau sen. It then crosses the Wupper, quits the Duchy of Berg, and enters the County of Mark. The river anciently formed the boundary between Franconia and Saxony, and now separates the Rhine-land from Westphalia. 6 * 84 Route 4. ARNSBERG. From Cologne 34 M. Schwelm (Rosenkranz) , a town with 7100 inhabitants. 36 Y 2 M. Milspe. Pleasing view up the valley of the Ennepe , which the train crosses by embankments and a viaduct, 100 ft. in height, to (38 M.) Gevelsberg , a town consisting of a long row of detached houses. The stream turns the machinery of numerous small iron- works, where scythes, sickles, and shovels are largely manufactured. A kind of axe for felling the sugar-cane is also made here for exportation. At (41 M.) Haspe are extensive puddling-works and rolling-mills. 44M. Hagen (Lunenschloss ; Glitz, Tigges, in the town ; Russ- mann , at the station) , a flourishing manufacturing town with 24,200 inhab., is the junction of the Rhenish Railway and of seven lines of the Bergisch-Markisch Railway. — Railway to Siegen , see pp. 91, 92; to Witten and Dortmund , see p. 91 ; to JJnna and Soest , see R. 13. The train crosses the Ruhr just below its confluence with the Lenne ; to the left rises an abrupt hill with the tower of Hohensy- burg. 50 M. Westhofen. 53 M. Schwerte ( Sternberg ), a small town with 5100 inhabi- tants. The Romanesque church, altered in the early Gothic period , contains a carved altar of 1523 , and stained-glass windows of the 14th and 15th centuries. Schwerte is the junction for the Hagen and Cassel line. Route to l/nna, see p. 127. 59 M. Langschede. 61 M. Frondenberg, with an abbey-church of Cistercian nuns, begun in 1230, containing monuments of 1293 and 1308 (branch-line to Menden , p. 92). 65 M. Wickede , with ironworks ; 72 M. Neheim-Husten , where the Mohne falls into the Ruhr. Schloss Herdringen , 3 / 4 M. to the W., erected by Zwirner, the late talented architect of the Cathedral of Cologne, is the seat of Count Fiirstenberg, the owner of some exquisite goldsmith’s work by Meister Anton Eisenhoidt of Warburg (1585-1618). Near Arnsberg the train passes through a tunnel below the Schlossberg. 78^2 M. Arnsberg (*Husemann ; Weipert), once the capital of the ancient Duchy of Westphalia, and greatly extended since 1815, is prettily situated on a height skirted by the Ruhr. The hill, crowned with the ruins of a castle which fell to decay after the Seven Years’ War, commands a charming prospect. Another ex- cellent point of view is the Eichholz , a beautiful park on the S. side of the town. At the foot of the hill is the former Prsemonstra- tensian abbey of Weddinghausen. The winding river is crossed five times between Arnsberg and Meschede. 80 M. Oev entrop ; 84 M. Wennemen. Then two tunnels. Pleasing scenery. On the right near Meschede is Schloss Laer , the property of Count Westfalen, above which rises a wooded hill crowned with a belvedere. 90 M. Meschede (Schaffer; Gerken), an ancient town, prettily situated on the Ruhr, was once the seat of a nunnery founded in the 9th cent., with a late-gothic church. to Berlin . IIOLZMINDEN. 4. Route. 85 On the hill to the left of (92 M.) Eversberg are the village and ruin of that name. To the S. of (94 M.) Bestwich-Nuttlar opens the wooded valley of Ramsbeck , containing lead and silver mines. 98 M. Olsberg. The train ascends a steep incline ; fine view to the right. On the hill to the right are the gigantic Bruchhauser Steine. The train now quits the Ruhr and penetrates the watershed between the Rhine and Weser by a long tunnel. 103 M. Stat. Brilon is 44/ 2 M. from the town of that name ( Lohmann ; Teuto), one of the most ancient in Germany, mentioned as early as the year 973. It possesses a large Romanesque church with a late-Gothic choir and a huge tower ; the sculptures on the N. portal are Romanesque (1150). The line then descends the narrow and picturesque Hoppke - Thai. Beyond (109 M.) Messinghausen it passes through the Bering - hauser Tunnel. Near (114 M.) Bredelar , which is prettily situated, are extensive iron-works, established in an old Cistercian monastery. Below Bredelar the Hoppke falls into the Diemel , an affluent of the Weser, and the train now descends the Diemelthal. 119 M. Nieder-Marsberg (Post), a small town with a large lunatic asylum, lies at the foot of a hill, on which is situated the old town of Stadtberge or Ober-Marsberg , once a strong fortress, but destroyed during the Thirty Years’ War. This was the site of the ancient Saxon fortress Eresburg , which was captured and destroyed by Charlemagne in 772. That emperor also founded here the first Saxon church. The abbey-church of St. Peter dates in its present form from the 12th and 13th centuries. In front of it stands a Roland’s Column (p. 133). The large church of St. Nicholas is an interesting early-Gothic structure. 121 M. Westheim. 130 M. Scherfede {* Railway Restaurant , D. 2 m.), the junction of the railway to Cassel and Leipsic (R. 6). 134 M. Eissen ; 140 M. Borgliolz ,• 147 M. Beverungen. At (151 M.) Wehrden , with an old chateau of Baron Wolf-Metternich, the train crosses the Weser. 154 M. Furstenberg , with a chateau of the 16th cent., the station for Hoxter , on the left bank of the Weser (p. 124). The line now quits the valley of the Weser. 159M. Holzminden (*Buntrock ; TJhde ), a Brunswick town, pos- sesses a famous old grammar-school, and a modern school of en- gineering, with a monument to Ilaarmann, its founder. — Railway to Altenbeken and Soest, see R. 13. 169 M. Stadt-Oldendorf ; 173 M. Vorwohle. Beyond (181 M.) Naensen the Leine is crossed. 187 M. Kreiensen ( Railway Restaurant , D. 2 m. • Hotel Mai - gaiter , at the station), the junction of the Hanover and Cassel line (R. 7). 190 M. Qandersheim , an old town, formerly the seat of a nunnery founded about 844. Romanesque abbey-church, dat- ing from 1172. 86 Route 4. MAGDEBURG. From Cologne 200 M. Seesen (*Kronprinz ; Wilhelmsbad), one of the oldest places on the margin of the Harz Mts., founded in 974 by Emp. Otho II. and presented to the nunnery of Gandersheim. Railway to Nordhausen via Herzberg , see p. 357. — At Lutter am Barenberge , 3 / 4 M. to the E. of (208 M.) Lutter , Tilly gained a victory over Christian IV. of Denmark on 27th Aug. 1626. 212 M. Ringelheim, the junction for the branch - railway to Vienenburg and Hildesheim (p. 111). 45 M. Salzgitter , with saline springs . 223 M. Borssum {Rail. Restaurant , D. 2 m.), the junction of the Brunswick and Harzburg line (p. 357). 232 M. Mattierzoll ; 234 M. Jerxheim , the junction of the line from Oschersleben (p. 360) to Wolfenbiittel (p. 357); 246 M. Sclioningen • 248 M. Offleben; 251 M. Volpke. At (257 M.) Eilsleben our line unites with that from Hanover and Brunswick (p. 83). 219 M. Niederndodeleben. Then (274 M.) Sudenburg , a suburb of Magdeburg. 275 M. Magdeburg. — Hotels. Near the station : "Hotel Koch (PL d ; A, 3), It. from 2 m., L. 50, A. 50 pf., B. lm.; Hotel Furst Bismarck (PL h; A, 4), both close to the station -, Muller (Pl. i; A, 4), Kronprinz-Str. 9. — In the town: Kaiserhof (Pl. a; B, 3), Kutscher-Str. 10 •, "Weisser Schwan (Pl. b ; B, 3) ; Stadt Braunschweig (Pl. c $ B, 2), both in the Breite Weg; *Stadt Prag (Pl. e-, B, 4), Bar-Str., with restaurant ; *Weisser Bar (P l. f; B, 3), corner of the Weinfass-Str. and the Kleine Miinz-Str., second class; Grutzmacher (Pl. g; C, 3), Fiirsten-Str. Restaurants. Wine : Riegel , Kaiser-Str. 92 ; *Fuhrmann , Himmelreich- Str. ; Dankwarlh A Richter , Breite Weg. — Beer: * Stadt Prag , see above; Schott , Johannisberg-Str. ; Stadt Braunschweig, see above; Rathskeller ei, Altenmarkt; Neue Buckauer Bierhalle , corner of the Gr. Junker - Str. ; Kaiserhalle , Actienbrauerei , both in the Kaiser-Str. ; Weisse Taube , Knochen- hauerufer-Str. ; Belvedere , Fiirstenwall. — Confectioners. *Schultze , Breite Weg 197, with cafe; *Salis, Breite Weg 168; Sachtleben , Breite Weg 165; Ojfenhammer , opposite the station. Baths in the Fiirsten-Str., well fitted up; Bossier's Baths, Fiirstenwall. Theatres, see the Plan (Nos. 23, 24, 25). Cabs. Per drive within the town, for 1-2 pers. 50 pf., 3 pers. 75 pf., 4 pers. 1 m. — By time: V 2 hour, for 1-2 pers. 75 pf., for 3-4 pers. 1 m. Tramway every 10 min. from Neustadt and Buckau along the Breite Weg to Sudenburg. Magdeburg (165 ft.), the capital and seat of government of the Prussian province of Saxony, the headquarters of the 4tli Corps of the army, and a fortress of the first rank, with 91,000 (includ. suburbs 128,000) inhab., is chiefly situated on the left bank of the Elbe , which is here divided into three arms. It consists of the town proper and the four suburbs of Sudenburg and Buckau to the S., Neustadt to the N., and Friedrichstadt to the E. Between the town and the last-named suburb lies the Werder , an island occu- pied by the Citadel , and connected with both banks by bridges. Since 1866 the town has been fortified with a series of advanced bastions instead of the old fortifications, and has thus obtained space for extending its formerly very narrow limits. A handsome new quarter has accordingly sprung up to the W. of the old town, containing the Theatre (Pl. 23; A, 4) by Luca, the Commercial MAGDEBURG. D enkmaler. 1 .Otto del' Grosse ... C.3. 2 . A . W. Tranks C . 3 . 3 . Bom - Gjiiuictsuarv B. 5 . 1 . Ecatptwuche C . 2 . Kir cken . 5 . Deutsdv -Reformerte B,4*. 6 . Bom B.C.5. 7 . Jakobskzrche . C.l. 8 'JoTwnjuskirche C.3. 9 . Katlwrijienk-irche B.2. 10 . Marirm-od. LioM'rauenhirche C . 4* . PelrddrrJie C.2. 12 Mtrirhshzrche . B.3. 13. WaUonmtirelm ( reform. ) C.l. 1 .EunstscJude A.3. 1 5 . Oherlcavdes - Geriekt C.4\ 16 .Obcr-Praesidumv. . . C.4*. 1 7 . Ode-on D.E.l. 18 .Post B.4. \Q .RaiJducus . . , C.3. 2 0 . Real GevrerbeschuZe . A. 3 . 21 Pegieriwgs -Geb azide . . . C.4.5. 22. Schiitzejihazis D.6.7. Tlie ater . 23 . Stadttheater A. 1 . 21. WUhebnthrairr C . 3 . 2 5 . Yictoiixx - ( Sommer ) Theater E , 2 . 26 .Tochiers chide ( near hohere ) . B. 5 . "Wa . 1 Kilometer to Berlin. MAGDEBURG. 4. Route. 87 and Industrial School (PI. 20; A, 3), the School of Art ( PI. 14; C, 4), and the twin buildings of the Central Railway Station (PI. A, 3, 4). Part of the new glacis is laid out as a promenade. Magdeburg, one of the most important commercial towns in N. Germany, possesses numerous wool, cotton, sugar, spirit, tobacco, chocolate, chicory, and other manufactories, and is conveniently situated at the junction of numerous railways (to Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen, Hanover, Brunswick, and Leipsic). Magdeburg, which was founded as a commercial settlement at the be- ginning of the 9th cent. , is chiefly indebted for its early prosperity to Emp. Otho the Great (936-973) and his consort Editha (p. 88) who found- ed a Benedictine monastery here in 937. In 967 the town was raised to the rank of an archiepiscopal see, to which an ample jurisdiction and the primacy of Germany were annexed. In the 13th-15th cent. Magdeburg was a flourishing and powerful commercial place, with supremacy over an extensive territory, and a member of the Hanseatic League. The tur- bulent citizens gradually threw off the archiepiscopal yoke, and towards the close of the 15th cent, compelled the prelates generally to reside else- where. As early as 1524 they eagerly espoused the cause of the Reformation. During the Thirty Years'’ War Magdeburg suffered terribly. In 1629 it successfully resisted the attacks of Wallenstein during seven months, but was taken by storm by Tilly in 1631, and entirely destroyed with the ex- ception of 139 houses. Otto von Guericke , the inventor of the air-pump, was at that period the burgomaster of the town. After the Reformation the see was presided over by three Protestant archbishops , and at length in 1680 became incorporated with the March of Brandenburg. The Breite Weg, the principal business-street of Magdeburg, intersects the town from N. to S. , from the Krokenthor to the Sudenburger Thor, and contains numerous handsome shops. The houses in it date mostly from the 17th century. The inscription on No. 146, l Gedenke des 10. Mai 1631\ is a reminiscence of the capture of the town by Tilly. — The sculptures in the pediment of the Reichs-Bank , a handsome edifice in the Grosse Munz-Str. (PI. B, 3), were taken from the old residence of Otto von Guericke (d. 1686 ; see above). The * Cathedral (PI. 6; B, C, 5), or Church of SS. Maurice and Catharine , a noble and massive structure was erected in 1208-1363 on the site of the ancient Benedictine church , which had been burned down. The towers were completed about 1520, and the whole edifice restored under Frederick William 111. The rich W. portal is worthy of inspection. The older parts, especially in the choir , which with its retro-choir and series of chapels re- call the French style of building, still in many instances show the round arch, while the more modern parts are in the fully developed pointed style. Length 230 yds., breadth of nave 35 yds., height of N. tower 337 ft. The S. tower has been left without a spire. Yiew from the gallery (166 steps) almost equal to that from the tower itself (438 steps). The sacristan (75 pf.) lives in the handsome ad- joining Cloisters , half Romanesque, half Gothic (13th and 14th cent.), with old sgraffito embellishments. The large bell weighs 26 tons. In the chapel beneath the towers is the * Monument of Archb. Ernest , one of the earlier works of the celebrated P. Vischer of Nuremberg, completed 88 Route 4. MAGDEBURG. From Cologne in 1497; on the sarcophagus reclines the archbishop, on the sides are the Twelve Apostles , two saints , and a variety of decorations. — Beneath a simple marble slab in the choir reposes the Emp. Otho I. (d. 973); behind the high-altar his consort Editha (d. 947), daughter of Edward the Elder of England; monument probably of the 14th century. Adjoining it an ancient baptistery. The church contains numerous other monuments of the 16th and 17th cent, of inferior interest. Pulpit in alabaster, 1597. Modern stained-glass windows. Figures on the S. side of the choir of SS. Inno- cent , Maurice, and John, said to date from the 10th, those of SS. Peter, Paul, and Andrew from the 13th century. Fine carved stalls of the 14th century. Tilly’s helmet, marshal’s staff, and gloves, and an indulgence- chest of the notorious Tetzel are also shown. Near the last is a large candelabrum, cast in 1494, probably by Peter Vischer . Fine view of the nave from the episcopal gallery in the choir. A little to the N. of the cathedral rises the Liebfrauenkirche (PI. 10; B, 4) or Church of our Lady, most of which is in the Ro- manesque style of the 12th and 13th centuries. The adjoining Romanesque cloisters and the abbey-buildings have bqen converted into a school. In the Altenmarkt , in front of the Rathhaus , rises the ^Monument of Otho I. (PI. 1 ; C, 3), an equestrian figure on a pe- destal I 8 I /2 ft. in height, erected by the municipality at the close of the 13th cent., and judiciously restored in 1858. At the corners are the Duke of Saxony, the Margrave of Brandenburg, and two other figures in armour. Beside the emperor are two allegorical female figures , one hearing a shield , the other a banner. The statues are all in sandstone and of life-size. The adjoining Platz near the Hauptwache is embellished with a bronze Statue of Tranche (d. 1851 ; PI. 2), burgomaster of Magde- burg. The *Fiirstenwall (PI. C, 4, 5 ; Restaurant Belvedere ), on the Elbe, is the favourite walk within the town. Below it are casemates. At the W. end are a handsome terrace and pleasure-grounds, em- bellished with a War Monument. The terrace commands a fine view of Buckau, etc. The Friedrich - Wilhelmsgarten (PI. B, C, 7, 8 ) adjoins the glacis, on the S.W. side of the interior of the town, and includes the grounds of the once celebrated Kloster Bergen. The eminence on which the latter once stood is now occupied by a restaurant with ballrooms, etc. A memorial stone records that the monastery was founded in 937, suppressed in 1810, and destroyed in 1812. On the S. side lies the manufacturing town of Buckau (p. 86 ), with nu- merous villas and gardens. On the Werder (PI. D , E , 1 , 2) are situated the Victoria Theatre (PI. 25) and a number of pleasure-resorts, such as the Odeon (PI. 17) and Schutzenhaus (PI. 22). On the right bank of the Elbe, 2 M. below Magdeburg, lies the Herrenkrug (steamers in the afternoon, Sun. from 7 a.m, 30 pf.), on the left bank the Vogelsang (tramway), both favourite resorts, with pleasant grounds. to Berlin , BRANDENBURG. 4. Route. 89 The country between Magdeburg and Brandenburg is uninter- esting. 277 M. Neustadt- Magdeburg. The train crosses the Elbe and reaches (280 M.) Biederitz and (282 M.) Gerwisch. Then (289 M.) Burg , with 15,000 inhab., and large cloth-fac- tories, founded by French Protestants who settled here after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. 296 M. Giisen; 306 M. Genthin; 315 M. Wusterwitz. 325 M. Brandenburg (Schwarzer Bar: Schwarzer Adler), a dull town with broad streets and 27,400 inhab., lies on the Havel, which here forms a broad lake called the Plauesche See, and divides the town into the Altstadt, Neustadt, and Dominsel. It occupies the site of Brennabor , a stronghold of the Slavonic Hevelli, which was taken by Emp. Henry I. in 927. It afterwards again fell into the hands of the Wends, but was taken in 1153 by Albert the Bear, Count of Askanien , who thenceforth styled himself Margrave of Brandenburg. The town was the seat of an episcopal see from 949 to 1544, and was long the most important place in the province, but was obliged at length to yield this rank to the more modern city on the Spree (comp. p. 13). Several interesting old buildings still exist. From the station we proceed by the Schiitzen-Strasse, Annen- thor-Briicke , and the St. Annen-Strasse to the Rathhaus , dating from the 14th cent., but modernised and disfigured in the 18th. Near it stands a Roland (see p. 133), 18 ft. in height. Opposite rises the *Church of St. Catharine , a Gothic brick edifice , erected in 1381-1402, containing a fine old altar in carved wood of 1474, recently gilded and painted, an interesting font in bronze, of 1440, and several monuments. Fine perforated enrichments of the exterior worthy of inspection. — We next cross the Molkenmarkt and the Molkendamm, and reach the — Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, a late-Romanesque basi- lica, erected in 1170-1318, with a crypt in the transition-style, completed before 1235. The edifice was restored by Schinkel in 1836. It contains a good altar-piece on a gold ground, of 1465, by an unknown master. The tombstones which formerly covered the pavement are now built into the walls. Modern stained-glass win- dows. — Near^the cathedral is St. Peter's Church , an early-Gothic edifice of the 14th century. The Grillendamm leads hence to the Altstadt, where the Church of St. Godehard , partly Romanesque of 1164, and partly Gothic of 1348, the old Rathhaus, now a court of justice, dating from the 13th and 14th cent., and the new Commercial School are the most interesting buildings. — To the S.W. of the Altstadt is the Roman- esque Nicolaikirche , of the 12th and 13th centuries. Fine view from the Marienberg , an eminence (200 ft.) to the N.W. of the town, on which rises a tower designed by the archi- tect Stier, and finished in 1880, This monument, 114 ft. in height, 90 Route 5. ESSEN. From Duisburg and adorned with reliefs by Siemering and Calandrelli, was erected to the memory of about 4000 Brandenburgers who fell in the wars of 1864, 66, 70, 71, and whose names it bears. The first stations beyond Brandenburg are (334 M.) Gross-Kreuz and (341 M.) Werder. As we approach Potsdam we obtain a fine view of the Havel, which the line crosses. 347 M. Potsdam , and thence to (364 M.) Berlin, see R. 2. 5. From Duisburg to Hagen and Siegen by Langen- dreer. 105 M. Bergisch Markisch Railway. To Hagen in 2 hrs. (fares 5 m. 20 3 m. 90, 2 m. 70); tlience to Siegen in 3 l /2hrs. (fares 8 m. 50, 6 m. 40 ? 4 m. 30 pf.). The line at first traverses the Westphalian Coal-measures , which are among the most productive in the world, extending to the E. from the Rhine as far as Unna and Camen, about 32 M. in length and 9-14 M. in width, and yielding 10-12 million tons of coal annually. The innumer- able chimneys on both sides of the line testify to the enormous industrial activity of the district. The population is very dense at places, frequently averaging 1800 per Engl. sq. mile. The produce of the mines, manufac- tories, foundries, etc., is conveyed in different directions by numerous railways, forming a dense network without parallel in Germany. Cornu . the Map, p. 82. i j P Duisburg , see p. 75. — 5 M. Mulheim an der Ruhr ( Hotel Middendorf), a prettily situated town of 15,000 inhab., the junction of several railways. As Essen is approached we gain a view to the left of Krupp's Cast Steel Works , a vast establishment of world- wide celebrity, covering an area of 63 acres. The tallest (220 ft.) of the numerous chimneys belongs to a huge steam-hammer, 50 tons in weight. The factory, to which visitors are not admitted, employs 12,000 workmen and supplies many railway and steamboat-companies in Europe and other parts of the world with rails, wheels, etc., and several of the great powers of Europe with iron and steel guns. 12 M. Essen (Essener Hof ; Berliner Hof ; Holtgen ; Deutscher Hof ; Rhein. Hof), a town with 55,000 inhab., founded at the end of the 9th century. Being the central point of a great coal-mining district, where about 20,000 miners are employed, it has increased rapidly within the last few years (in 1854 there were 10,488 inhab. only), and is surrounded by lofty chimneys in every direction. An extensive and rapidly increasing iron-industry has recently sprung up in consequence of the abundant supply of fuel. The *Munsterkirche, founded by Bishop Alfred of Hildesheim, and consecrated in 873, is one of the most ancient churches in Germany. The W. choir, with an octagon resembling that of the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle, dates from the 10th cent. ; the nave was completed in 1316, the E. choir in 1445, and the whole edifice was restored in 1855. The treasury contains several curious Ro- BOCHUM. to Hagen. 5. Route. 91 manesque works of art of the 10th century. The handsome cloisters date from the 11th and 12th centuries. The Roman Catholic Gertrudiskirche and the Protestant Paulus- kirche are two handsome modern edifices in the Gothic style. Essen is also a station on the Rhenish Railway from Cologne to Dortmund (p. 76), and oil the Cologne- Minden Railway (Alten- essen ; see p. 75). 16 M. Steele (Badenberg ; Klurnbeck), an old town on the Ruhr , where Otho I. held a diet in 938, lies in the midst of numerous coal-works (pop. 6000). The station is at Konigsteele (Lindemann), 1 M. from the town. From Steele to Herdecke, 22 M., in lhr. (fares 2m. 70, 2m., 1 m. 40 pf.). The line ascends the picturesque and winding valley of the Ruhr , crossing the stream frequently. 2 p 2 M. Dahlhausen. — 5^2 M. H^ttingeTi(Westfdlischer Hof), a prettily situated old town, once fortified. View from the Isenberg P /2 hr.). — 10 M. Blankenstein (Petring), one of the finest points in the valley \ pleasing view from the Gethmanri'sche Garten (open to the public ^ entrance by Fabring's Inn). Farther on , the ruined Hardenstein lies to the right of the line. — I 8 V 2 M. Volmarstein (Wehberg) , on a wooded height on the left bank, commanding a splendid view, with a ruined castle, is a favourite summer resort. Opposite lies Wetter. 22 M. Herdecke, see below. 22 M. Bochum ( Hemmer ; Kaiserlicher Hof ; Mettegang) , an increasing place with 28,400 inhab., possesses very extensive cast- steel works and several large factories and foundries. 26 M. Langendreer, where the line diverges from that to Marten and Dortmund (p. 76). 29 M. Witten (*Voss; Dunnebacke , near the station), an in- dustrial town with 18,100 inhab., pleasantly situated on the Ruhr. The train ascends the valley on the right bank, and Volmarstein (see above) is seen opposite. 34 M. Wetter, picturesquely situated on a height, with a ruined castle. The train crosses the river and skirts the Kaisberg , where Charlemagne is said to have once encamped ; the tower 011 the top was erected in 1869 as a monument to the minister Baron Stein. 36 M. Herdecke ( *Rail . Restaurant , with fine view), a small town with 3700 inhab., lies opposite the influx of the Volme into the Ruhr.* The valley is here crossed by the imposing viaduct of the Rhenish line from Diisseldorf to Horde. About 4 M. to tbe K. of Herdecke rises the *Hohen-Syburg, one of the Ardey Mts., with a tower 90 ft. in height, erected in 1857 in memory of Baron Vincke, President of Westphalia (d. 1844). The hill is said to have once been a stronghold of the Saxon duke Wittekind and to have been captured by Charlemagne } and there is an unfounded tradition that Witte- kind was baptised in the Petersbrunnen on its slope (comp. p. 80*, the baptism really took place at Attigny in France). The ruined castle is of later mediseval origin. The Hohen-Syburg may also be reached from Lottringhausen, Kabel (see below), or Westhofen in s / 4 hr. 39 M. Hagen, the junction of several railways; see p. 84. The Ruhr-Siegbahn from Hagen to Siegen connects the busy and picturesque valley of the Lenne with the coal-measures of the Ruhr. — 44 M. Kabel. 92 Route 5. LIMBURG. 50 M. Limburg (*Bentheimer Hof ; Gerhardi), a prettily situated town with 4900 inhab., is commanded by the chateau of Prince Bentheim on a precipitous wooded height. *View from the top. 52 M. Letmathe (Titz; Rail. Restaurant), with 3700 inhabit- ants. Large zinc- foundry near the station. From Letmathe to Iserlohn, 3 3 /4M., by a branch-line in 10-18 min. (fares 60, 40, 25 pf.). Stat. Dechenhohle , see below. Iserlohn ( Sander ; Hilgers ), with 16,800 inhab. (3000 Rom. Cath.), is one of the most important manufacturing places in Westphalia, the chief pro- ducts being iron and bronze wares, needles, and wire. The picturesque environs are crowded with factories of every kind. At the Grime , an inn on the Lenne between Iserlohn and Letmathe, rise two detached rocks styled the ‘Pater' and the ‘Nonne’, near which is the Griirmannshdhle , a cavern containing numerous fossil bones. On the railway (see above), 10 min. to the E. of the Grime, is situated the highly interesting "Dechenhohle, a stalactite cavern discovered in 1868 (tickets of admission , 75 pf. each , at the station), lighted with gas , and extending about 300 yds. into the hill. Pleasant route from Iserlohn to Menden (10 M., p. 84), or to Arns- berg (21 M.). The road leads to the E. to @1/2 M.) Sundwich, with an interesting stalactite grotto , in which bones of antediluvian animals have been found. On the hill (10 min.) is the Felsenmeer, a basin containing groups of rocks interspersed with trees. From Sundwich we proceed either by the high-road or by a footpath to the (3 M.) Klusenstein, a very picturesque ruin, with farm-buildings, rising precipitously above the wild valley of the Honne. From this point down the valley of the Honne to Menden (Beiderlinden 5 rail, stat., p. 84), 1 hr., passing the Schiebelquelle , a clear and copious spring on the left. Or we may follow the high-road in the valley from Klusenstein to (3 M.) *Sanssouci , an inn, where the Honne is quitted (about U/2 M. farther is the Balver Hohle , a large cave with numerous fossils). Thence over the hill to (6 M.) Hachen on the Rohr (fine ruin), from which a path (guide necessary) crosses the hills to Arns- berg in 2 hrs. (p. 84). 58 M. Altena ( Klincke ; Quitmann) is a picturesquely situated little town, with the ancestral Schloss of the Counts von der Mark, which commands an admirable prospect. Pop. 7800. The grounds on the hills to the S. of the Schloss afford beautiful views. — 64 M. Werdohl; 69 M. Plettenberg ; 77 M. Finnentrop , whence a branch-line diverges to the small town of Olpe (Deutscher Kaiser), with iron-foundries, and to Rotliemuhle. — • 8i M. Grevenbruck ; 85 M. Altenhundem. At (92 M.) Welschen-Ennest the watershed of the Rahrbacher Hohe (1312 ft.) is penetrated by me^ns of a tunnel, beyond which the train reaches Kreuzthal and — 105 M. Siegen (*Goldner Lowe) , a busy old mining town (12,900 inhab.), with two castles of the Princes of Nassau-Siegen who became extinct in 1743. Rubens was born here (1577, d. 1640) while his parents were living in exile from Antwerp, their native place. Comp, also Baedeker's Rhine. At Betzdorf the line unites with the Cologne and Giessen rail- way (see Baedeker s Rhine). 93 6. From Cologne to Cassel via Arnsberg. 168 M. Railway in 6 3 /4-8V4 hrs. (22 m. 50, 16 m. 95, 11 m. 20 pf.). Journey to (130 M.) Scherfede , the junction for Holzminden, see R. 4. Then (136 M.) Warburg (p. 124), (142 M.) Liebenau , and (150 M.) Hiimme. From Humme to Carlshafen, 10 M., branch-railway towards the N. in 3 / 4 hr. (fares 1 m. 40, 1 m. 10, 70 pf.). 2 l /z M. Trendelburg, on the Diemel, 472 M. from which is the chateau of Sababurg, a shooting resi- dence with a deer-park. 772 M. Helmarshausen , commanded by the ruins of the Krukenburg. 10 M. Carlshafen CSchwan ), a small town prettily situated at the influx of the Diemel into the Weser. It was founded in 1704 by the Landgrave Karl , in order to provide his dominions with a harbour on the Weser. Fine view from the (10 min.) Juliushohe (tavern on the top). — Steamboat between Carlshafen and Hameln (p. 123) in summer. Carlshafen is also a station on the line from Northeim to Ott- bergen (p. 125). 154 M. Hofgeismar (Schwarzer Adler) , a small watering-place with a mineral spring. 158 M. Grebenstein , with ancient watch- towers and a ruin on the Burgberg. To the S. in the background rise the Dornberg and Wilhelmshohe. 163 M. Monchehof ; l 1 ^ M. to the W., in a beautiful park, lies Wilhelmsthal , formerly a chateau of the Elector of Hessen, built in 1760, containing handsome rococo decorations and many pictures by Tischbein. 168 M. Cassel. — Hotels. Near the Station: "Hotel Royal (PI. a; C, 2), R. 4 m., with restaurant; *Hotel du Nord (PI. b; C, 2), both oppo- site the station; *Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm (PI. c; C, 2), with garden- restaurant, in the Friedr. Wilhelms -Platz; Deutscher Kaiser (PI. d; D, 1), Bahnhof-Str. 1, R. 272 m. — In the Town: :: Konig von Preussen (PI. e; D, 2), R. 3 m., L. 60, A. 50 pf., B. 1 m.; '"Hotel Schirmer (PI. f; D, 3), these two in the Konigs-Platz ; Rheinischer Hof (PI. g; E, 2), Hedwig-Str. 7, with restaurant. — Ritter (PI. h; E, 2), Mittelgasse, R. & A. 172 m., B. 70 pf.; Golze, Oberste Gasse , R. , A. , & L. D/2-2 m., D. I72 m. ; Russisciier Hof, Orleans-Str. 12, R. from D/2 m. — Stuck's Hdtel Garni , Museum-Str. 4, with restaurant. — Hotels at Wilhelmshohe, see p. 101. Restaurants. Bohne , Obere Konig-Str. 28; Ludovici , Friedrichs-Platz 10; Rasche , Friedrichs-Platz 1. Beer: at the Hdtel Royal (see above); Cafe Wulp , Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz ; Gerhardt, Konig-Str. 12; Schaub's Garden , Kolnische-Str. 17, where concerts are frequently given in the evening; Stadtpark , Wilhelm-Str., with cafe, concert in the evening (symphony on Fridays). — The Felsenkeller (Eisengar then's, Muller's, etc.) on the Wein- berg, outside the Frankfurter Thor (PI. C, 5), are good points of view. Caf 6- Restaurant in the Carlsaue , p. 100; concert several times a week. Confectioners. *Jung , Friedrichs - Platz ; Paulus , Stande - Platz D/2 ; Worth , Konig-Str. 14. Cabs. From the station to the town, 1 pers. 50 pf., 2 pers. 60 pf., 3-4 pers. 80 pf. — By time : 74 hr. 1 pers. 50, 2 pers. 60, 3 pers. 80 pf. — Each box under 30lbs. 10 pf., heavier boxes 25 pf. each, smaller packages free. At night double fares. To Wilhelmshohe, see p. 100. — Carriage to Wilhelmsthal (see above; D/2 hr.) and back, about 14 m. Baths on the Fulda, near the Au; also a Swimming Bath , beyond the hot-houses. Warm Baths (with Russian vapour-bath): Schafer , Konigs- thor 472; Erdemann, Mauer-Str. Post Office (temporary), Wolfsschlucht 25. — Telegraph Office, Konigs- Platz 40. Theatre (PI. 3 ; D, 3), open six days weekly. 94 Route 6. CASSEL. Museum Fridericianum. Exhibition of Modern Pictures at the Kunsthaus (PI. 5), in the Stande- Platz, admission 50 pf. (daily ll-l and 2-4). The ‘Verein zur Wahrung der Interessen der Fremden in Cassel 1 , Kolnische-Str. 16, is an institution for giving information and assistance to strangers. Principal Attractions: Picture Gallery (p. 95), Museum (p. 94), walk through the Auegarten (p. 100), excursion to Wilhelmshohe (p. 101). Cassel (492 ft.), an important railway-centre, formerly the cap- ital of the Electorate of Hessen, and now the seat of government of the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau, and headquarters of the eleventh Prussian Corps d’Armee, lies on the Fulda , which separates the Altstadt and Ober -Neustadt from the small Unter- Neustadt. The town, which was formerly remarkable for the dullness peculiar to the capital of a small principality , has assumed a busier and more prosperous aspect since its annexation to Prussia in 1866. Pop. (1864) 35,980; (1879) 58,500. Several new and handsome streets have recently been erected near the station. Crossing the Stande-Platz (PI. C, 3), with its double avenue of limes, in which are the Standehaus (House of the Estates; PI. 11), built in 1836, and the Kunsthaus (Hall of Art; PI. 5 ; see above), we soon reach the spacious Friedrichs-Platz (PI. D, E, 3, 4), 355 yds. long and 165 yds. wide, situated between the Altstadt and the Ober-Neustadt. It is bounded on the E. by the old electoral Palace (PI. 10), which was built in 1769, and united with the ‘Rothe Palais’ in 1821 ; by the Museum Fridericianum (see below) with its projecting portico, the Royal Military School , and the Roman Oacholic Church , erected in 1770-76. At the N.W. angle stands the Court Theatre , near which is a statue of Louis Spohr , who was con- ductor of the orchestra here from 1822 to 1859. In the centre rises the Statue of the Landgrave Frederick //., a prince who in 1776-84 sent 12,000 of his subjects to aid the English in America in con- sideration of a sum of 22 million dollars. The S. side is terminated by the handsome Auethor (PI. E, 4), which was built in the reign of Frederick II., and enlarged in 1824. It is embellished with two bronze ^Reliefs by Siemering (the fare- well and return of the warriors), placed here in commemoration of the victories in 1870-71 , and crowned with a large eagle by Brandt. From this point we obtain a fine view of the Auegarten (p. 100), the valley of the Fulda, and the distant hills, of which the Meisner (p. 382) to the left is the most prominent. From the lower end of the Friedrichs-Platz we observe towards the N.E. the large new Justizpalast , or law-courts , occupying the site of the Kattenburg, with the materials of which the new Picture Gallery was erected. The ^Museum Fridericianum (PI. 7), erected in 1769-79 by the Landgrave Frederick II. , contains a collection of curiosities and objects of art founded by the Hessian princes at the close of the 16th cent, and greatly extended in the 18th. Admission gratis, Mon. and Thurs. 10-1, and in summer Wed. and Sat. also, 3-5 (en- Picture Qallery . CASSEL. 6. Route . 95 trance in summer by the principal portal , in winter at the hack, through the court) ; at other times on application to the custodian, who lives in the little house by the S.E. passage at the back of the museum. Catalogue 60 pf. — Extensive alterations in the arrangements are contemplated. I. Hall of the Founders. 1. Bust of Landgrave Frederick II. ; on the right and left busts of the Napoleonic family, some of them by Canova(?). II. Ancient Sculptures (to the right of the first). *1. Youth about to anoint himself, a Greek work ; 3. Replica of the Doryphorus of Poly- cletus (inaccurately restored) ; 4, 5. Apollo ; 7. Pallas Athene ; *13. Head of a Diadumenos, a later adaptation of that of Polycletus. III. Room. Thirty-six cork models of ancient Roman buildings, ex- ecuted at the end of last century. IV. Room. 1st Cabinet (to the left of the entrance) : 564. Gold and silver plate, ivory goblets, agates and gems, nautilus-shells, porcelain paintings, fancy weapons, etc. — 2nd Cabinet (to the right) : Works of art in ivory, e. g. 96. Vessel with Bacchanalian procession, and 115. Vase with the Battle of Alexander, both by Dobbermann ; 154. Two tablets with the history of the Passion in six sections, ascribed to Albert Diirer 155. Cru- cifix by 'Michael Angelo (?); 167. Early German embodiment of Venus. — 3rd Cabinet : Amber articles. — 4th and 5th Cabinets : Miscellaneous works of art. Also 93 different clocks , automata , chronometers, etc. ; in the centre of the room, 130. Clock worked by two balls, alternately relieving each other, manufactured by Campani at Rome in 1730 as a ‘perpetuum mobile’; 133. Astronomical clock according to Ptolemy’s system. V. Room. Smaller ancient works of art, and ancient and Hessian coins and medals. *1. Bronze Statuette of Victoria, of Greek workmanship. Cabinet A : Small Egyptian, Greek, and Roman bronzes. Cabinets B and C: Implements. Cabinet D: Ancient German weapons. Cabinet E: Ancient works of art in stone, clay, and glass; also copies of ancient works and a few fine Italian works of the 16th century. VI. Room. Mosaics : Roman and Florentine mosaics, 213 in number, works in scagliola (imitation mosaic) , and specimens of stones polished in Hessen. VII. Room. About 2500 gems and cameos, ancient and modern; on the walls, casts from those in other collections. — We now return to Room II. , and from it enter the Collection of Casts from the Antique on the right, arranged chronologically in rooms VIII-XII. The Natural History Collections occupy rooms XIII-XVIII, of which four are on the ground-floor, while the last two are on the first. The botanical collection boasts of the oldest herbarium in Germany, formed in 1556-92 , and a collection of different woods in the form of books. — XIX. Armoury (on the second floor). Old weapons, goblets, trinkets, hunting accoutrements, historical curiosities. The Library (open daily, 10-1), occupying a large hall on the first floor of the building, in front, contains 145,000 vols. and 1500 MSS. (e. g. the oldest MS. of the ‘ Hildebrandlied’, 9th cent.). Jacob and William Grimm were librarians here for about 15 years. From the S.W. side of the Friedrichs-Platz runs the Bellevue- Strasse (PL D, 4, 5), which commands a view of the Oarlsaue and the valley of the Fulda. The Bellevue-Schloss (PI. 1), a very exten- sive edifice, the residence of King Jerome in 1811-13, is now that of the general of the 11th Corps d’Armee, and the seat of the Society of Arts. At the end of the street rises the **Picture Gallery, an extensive Renaissance edifice with two corner-pavilions and a loggia in front of the principal story, erected in 1871-77 from plans by Prof, von Dehn- Rotfelser. The main entrance, at the N.E. end, is 96 Route 6. OASSEL. Picture Gallery . flanked with statues of Rubens and Rembrandt. The plastic embel- lishments are by Hassenpflug, Echtermeyer , and Brandt. The ground- floor is occupied by casts of mediaeval works formerly in the Mu- seum (p. 95), art-furniture, etc. The first floor, reached by a staircase of marble, contains the valuable collection of pictures, arranged in four large saloons and twenty cabinets. Admission free ; Sun. 11-1, Tues., Wed., Erid., & Sat. 10-1 ; in summer on Mon. andThurs. also, 3-5; at other times on application to the custodian. Catalogue 90 pf. The Cassel Gallery was founded by the Landgrave William VIII., who, when governor of Friesland in the early part of last century , availed himself of that opportunity to collect a number of Dutch pictures , and after his return to Germany caused others to be purchased for him by his agents at Amsterdam and Hamburg. It is not known when or by whom the Italian pictures were brought to Cassel, but the gallery, though distributed throughout several different buildings, was more complete during the second half of last century than at present , as several of its gems were taken to Paris by the French in 1806 and not all restored after the second Peace of Paris. Moreover several important works , such as Potter's Bull, Rembrandt's Descent from the Cross, and Claude Lorrain's landscapes were purchased by the Emperor Alexander and sent to St. Petersburg, where they now grace the Eremitage. Many of the pictures recovered from the French were deposited at Wilhelmshohe , where they were long withdrawn from public exhibition, while those preserved at the Bellevue Palace were not easily accessible; but these difficulties have been removed since the Prussian occupation. A gallery embracing so many master-pieces can well afford to dispense with a few celebrated names. The Cassel collection cannot boast of a genuine Raphael , the Madonna with the lamb (No. 29) being a modified copy of the picture at Madrid. Titian, however, is represented by a good portrait (No. 21), though the fine Cleopatra (No. 23) formerly ascribed to him has been traced to the brush of his pupil Cesare Vecelli . The gallery also possesses a richly co- loured Family of Darius by Paolo Veronese (No. 89, a small replica of the famous picture in the National Gallery at London), and a vigorous Tintoretto (No. 70). The Italian works of the 17th cent, are unimportant. Among the early German pictures we may mention the Ursula Hans Tucherin (No. 16) and Elsbeth Tucherin (No. 7), both by Michael Wohlgemuth , the latter of which was once ascribed to Diirer. A number of pictures were also formerly erroneously cata- logued as Holbein’s. The most attractive of the six paintings by Cranach is his Diana or Nymph (No. 10), resembling a composition by Diirer. The Flemish and Dutch departments contain numerous gems. The Enthroned Madonna with saints by Rubens (No. 187), obviously composed under Venetian influence, the portraits by Van Dyck (Nos. 290-304), a family-piece by the rare Antwerp master Gon- zales Cogues (No. 458, Young scholar and his wife), and the Bar- ber’s Shop by David Teniers the Younger (No. 404) are all spe- cimens of the golden era of the Flemish school. — In works by Hals Picture Gallery . CASSEL. 6. Route 97 and Rembrandt, Holland’s two greatest masters, the Cassel gallery is probably the richest in Germany, possessing seven pictures by the former and upwards of twenty by the latter. Among those of Frans Hals, the master of Haarlem, the following deserve special notice. His Laughing peasant (No. 222) and above all the Cavalier with the broad-brimmed hat (No. 226, a late work) afford admirable specimens of his humorous and dashing style. His Two young musicians (No. 223) and the portraits of a Dutch gentleman and his wife also display the master’s individuality, but are comparatively tame in execution. Of Rembrandt’s pictures the most striking is his Jacob blessing the sons of Joseph (No. 367), painted in 1656, a marvel of artistic skill, and at the same time touching in its simple truthfulness of expression and profound religious sentiment. The venerable patriarch, the innocent children , and the helpful parents each awaken our enthusiasm in turn , and the whole scene recalls the tale of some ancient minstrel. The Blinding of Samson (a theme frequently handled by Rembrandt, as in the Blinding of King Lear) next presents to us the master in the light of a tragic poet (No. 369), while the Woodcutter’s family (the Madonna with the Infant Christ in the foreground, and Joseph splitting wood in the background ; No. 366) shows how familiar he was with idyllic subjects. Among the portraits both of the master’s earlier and later period the palm is carried off by one of Saskia, the happy young wife of the painter (No. 356), dating from 1634. To the same period belongs a portrait of the master himself in a helmet (No. 357). The old heads, Nos. 348, 355, 362, and 365, date from 1630-32. Coppenol, the writing-master (No. 358), and Krul, the poet (No. 351), were also painted soon after Rembrandt’s removal from Ley- den to Amsterdam (1630). To his later period (1655-58) belong the so-called Six (No. 364), the Spear-bearer (No. 370) , his own portrait (No. 360), and that of Nicholas Bruyninck (No. 359). The Standardbearer (No. 371) is a copy. Rembrandt’s landscapes, par- ticularly the Mountain and the Winter scene (Nos. 372, 368), are also well worthy of inspection. — The following Dutch masters are also admirably represented: Ph. Wouverman (No. 478, Harvest wain), Adr. Brouwer (No. 380, Card-players), Jan Steen (No. 567, Bean-festival 5 575, Carousal), Adr. van Ostade , Metsu , and Terburg (No. 391, Lute-player). The tastefully decorated Staircase is embellished with marble sta- tues, by Echtermeyer , of the nations which have been most prominent in the history of art. Room I. Entrance Wall: 230. De Grayer (d. 1669), Adoration of the Shepherds; 266. Jac. Jordaens (d. 1678), Pan sharing the meal of a peasant. — Right Wall: in the middle, *187. Rubens (1577-1640), Virgin and Child, with John the Baptist, Magdalene, and the Prodigal Son, on the left SS. Dominic, Francis, and George, King David, and a bishop. To the right and left of this work , *295, *293. Ant. van Dyck (d. 1641) , Family portraits; below, *224, *225. Frans Hals , Portraits; between the last two, 409. David Teniers the Younger (d. 1690), Pilate showing Jesus to the Jews after the scourging; *372. Rembrandt (1607-69), Mountain landscape Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 7 98 Route 6. CASSEL. Picture Gallery. with a bridge (1650)*, 399. A. van Ostade (d. 1685), Peasants in front of a tavern. To the left of the door : *380. Adr. Brouwer (d. 1638), Boors play- ing cards; to the right, 392. W. van de Velde , Sea-piece. — Left Wall: to the left of the door, *575. Jan Steen (d. 1679), Carousal; 464. Ph. Wou- verman (d. 1668), Riding-school; *357. Rembrandt , His own portrait; 186. Rubens , Diana and her nymphs surprised by satyrs; 268. Jordaens , Family of the painter. — Exit Wall: 179. Rubens, Bacchus, Ceres, Venus, and Cupid; 198. Frans Snyders (d. 1657), Kitchen. Room II. Right Wall: *351. Rembrandt , Portrait of Jan Krul, the poet; 272. Jordaens , Bean-king (‘le Roi boit'); *223. Frans Hals , Two young musicians; *183. Rubens, Portrait of an Asiatic; 317. De Heem (d. 1674), Still-life ; *364. Rembrandt, Portrait (formerly called Burgomaster Six; 1639) ; 467. Ph. Wouverman , Landscape; 567. Jacob van Ruysdael (d. 1682), Moun- tain scene with waterfall; 527. Paul Potter (d. 1654), Cattle; 350. Rembrandt, Portrait. — Left Wall: 371. Rembrandt (copy?), Civic standard-bearer (1656); 907. Dom. van Tol, Girl holding a dead fowl; 459. Gonzales Coques, Family portraits; 188. Rubens, Victorious Mars (an allegorical work); 480. Ph. Wouverman , Battle; 300, 301. A. van Dyck, Portraits; 369. Rembrandt (copy?), Samson blinded by the Philistines (1636); 592. Caspar Netscher 18 19 | 2° 1 Loggia. *! 2 17 mini iiiii 1 i 1 ii ^ m 1 IV 3 16 15 14 13 12 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 6 | 5 4 1 1 1 (d. 1684), Masquerade ; 370. Rembrandt , Man in armour (1655). — Exit Wall : 270, 271. Jordaens, Porridge-eater, Education of Bacchus. Room III. Entrance Wall : 267. Jordaens, Pan at the table of a pea- sant. — Right Wall: 740,741. Moucheron , Landscapes; 177. Rubens, Jupiter in the form of Diana caressing Callisto ; 436. Barth, van der Heist (d. 1670), Portrait; 391. Willem van de Velde the Younger (d. 1707), Sea-shore with numerous ships and figures. — Left Wall : 352. Rembrandt, Portrait of a man in a fur cap; 260. Honthorst (d. 1656), Musical entertainment; 180. Rubens Meleager bringing the head of the Calydonian boar to Atalanta; 200. Snyders, Animals. - Exit Wall : 577, 579, Melchior Hondecoeter, Poultry. Room IV. Italians. Entrance Wall: 149, 148. Caravaggio, Lute-player, Violin-player. — Right Wall: *70. Tintoretto (d. 1594), Portrait; 20, 21. After Titian, Portraits ; *89. Paolo Veronese (d. 1588) , Family of Darius before Alexander; *23. Cesare Vecelli (?), Cleopatra. Left Wall: Guido Reni, 166. iEneas and Dido, 169. Virgin praying ; 344. Sassoferrato , Virgin and Child ; 125. Annibale Carracci, Tobias anointing the eyes of his blind father ; 263. Ribera , Mater Dolorosa ; 45. Pontormo (d. 1556) , Portrait. — Fourth Wall: 67. Bassano, Portrait; *25. Titian, Portrait of Don Alphonso d’ Avalos (?), of the master's later period. # # . , .. . Cabinet I. 796-799. De Wit, The Seasons, grisaille imitations of reliefs. — We again enter Room IV. to reach — . Cab. II. To the left: 280. Me. Poussin, Bacchic scene in a wood; 147. Caravaggio, Man with a lyre; 278. N. Poussin , Assassination of Pompey. Cab. III. 140-145. Caravaggio, Genii with muscial instruments. I he next two cabinets contain Italian pictures of mediocre merit. Cab. VI. Entrance Wall: 529. Carlo Maratti (d. 1713), Holy Family; 120. Ag. Carracci, Hagar and Ishmael; *29. After Raphael, Holy Family in a landscape (under glass); 126. Ann. Carracci, The choice of Hercules. — To the left of the door: 91. Paolo Veronese, Portrait. — Exit Wall: 88. P. Veronese, King Belshazzar's feast; 63. Jac. Bassano, Entombment oi Christ. Picture Gallery . CASSEL. 6 . Route. 99 Cab. VII. 255. Honlhorst , Old woman weighing gold; 311. Gaspar Poussin , Italian landscape; 613. Godfr. Schalcken , Penitent Magdalene. Cab. VIII. contains portraits by the most eminent masters represented in the gallery. Entrance Wall: 182, *184. Rubens , Man and woman; 7. Wohlgemuth (ascribed to Alb. Diirer ), Elisabeth Tucher; 6. /aw (formerly attributed to Holbein ), Man with a rosary; 15. Awcas Cranach the Elder (d. 1553), Portrait of a man; 316. Corn, de Vos (d. 1651), Solomon Cock of Antwerp; 445. Jan van Ravesteyn, Portrait of a woman. — Middle Wall: In the centre, 294. Van Dyck, A citizen of Antwerp; to the right of the last, 299. Van Dyck , Girl; 75. and (to the left) 76. Ant. Mor ( Sir A. More'), Johann Gallus and his wife. — Exit Wall : 363. Rembrandt , Por- trait of a man; 228, 227. Fr. Hals , Portraits; *358. Rembrandt , Coppenol, the writing-master; 587. Netscher , Lady and parrot; *458. Gonzales Cogues , Young scholar and his wife; 292. Van Dyck , 586. Netscher , 362. Rembrandt , Portraits ; *356. Rembrandt , Saskia van Ulenburgh, his first wife. Cab. IX. 431, 430. Gerard Dou (d. 1675), Portraits of a man and wife ; 365. Rembrandt , Portrait; *366. Rembrandt , The ‘•Woodcutter’s Family' 1 , a Holy Family in the homely but earnest Dutch style (1646); *359. Rem- brandt , Portrait of Nicolaus Bruyninck (1658); 355. Rembrandt , Portrait (1632). — Middle Wall: Rembrandt , 349, 347. Portraits, *368. Landscape in winter (1636); 400. Adr. van Ostade , Peasants drinking; Rembrandt , 360. Portrait of himself (1658), 348. Portrait of an old man (1630); 401. Adr. van Ostade , Peasants carousing. — The whole of the Exit Wall is devoted to a large picture by * Rembrandt (No. 367), repx*esenting Jacob blessing Ephraim and Manasseh in presence of their father Joseph and their mother Asnath (1656). Cab. X. 446. Gabr. Metsu (d. after 1667), Lady and game-dealer; 408, Teniers the Younger , Landscape with cottages; 471. Ph. Wouverman , Battle-piece; 525. Paul Potter , Cattle; 444. Jan van Ravesteyn , Portrait; 470. Ph. Wouverman , Stable. To the left of the door, 742. Moucheron , Landscape. — Exit Wall: 390. W. van de Velde , See-piece; 384. Ger. Terburg (d. 1681), Woman playing a lute; 291. A. van Dyck , Syndic Mer- straten of Brussels ; 593. Adr. van de Velde , Sea-shore. Cab. XI. 404. Teniers the Younger , Barber’s shop; 184. Rubens (?), Girl; 185. Rubens , Silenus. — Middle Wall : Teniers , 405. Dentist, 214. Skittle- alley ; 303, 302. Van Dyck , Man and wife ; 216. Teniers the Elder , Boors carousing and dancing. — Exit Wall: 176. Rubens , Flight into Egypt; 215. Teniers the Elder , Temptation of St. Anthony; Rubens , 181. Drunken Silenus, 175. Drunken Hercules. Cab. XII. 448. Metsu , Young lady with a lute and gentleman with a glass of wine; *576. Jan Steen , Bean-festival; 591. Netscher , Two mu- sicians. — Middle Wall: 611. Schalcken , I.ady with a cake; 589. Netscher , Lady at her toilette; 518. Nic. Berchem, Forge; 105. Jan Brueghel C Velvet BruegheV ), Harbour; Ph. Wouverman , 465. Hawking party, *478. Harvest wain. — Exit Wall : 473. Wouverman, Smithy; 447. Metsu, Lady and beggar- boy; 857. Sal. v. Ruysdael , Margin of a forest; 341. Nic. Knupfer (b. at Leipsic in 1603, lived at Utrecht), The Seven Works of Mercy; *222. Frans Hals, Laughing toper; 385. Terburg, Lady and gentleman playing; 566. Jac. v. Ruysdael (d. 1682), Outskirts of a forest. Cab. XIII. 521. Berchem, Italian scene; 536. Paul Potter, Cattle; 290. Van Dyck, The painter Frans Snyders and his wife; 565. Karel du Jar din (d. 1678), Quacks. — To the right of the door, *374. A. van der Neer, Sunset; to the left of the door, 297. Van Dyck, Lucas and Cornells de Wael, in grisaille; 590. Netscher, The painter himself (?) and a young man. — Exit Wall: *226. Fr. Hals , Man in a broad-brimmed hat. Cab. XIV. 153. Velvet Brueghel, The Flood; Schalcken, 614. Cupid combing the hair of Venus, 615. Venus with a flaming arrow and Cupid; 861. Pieter Nee/s, Church-interior; 132. Rottenhammer , Holy Family; 77. Sir A. More, Portrait; 578. Hondecoeter, Cock-fight; 612. Schalcken, Peni- tent Magdalene. Cab. XV. 286, 285. Jan van Goyen, Landscapes; 155, 154. Velvet Brue- ghel,^ Landscapes; 261. Seb. Vrancx, Battle of Pavia, Francis I. led off as a captive; 580. Hondecoeter, Poultry; 209, 208. Pieter Nee/s, Church-interiors. 7* CASSEL. Auegartm. Cab. XVI. 11. Cranach the Elder , Judith; 10. Cranach the Younger , Diana resting at a spring; 78, 79. School of Cranach, Luther and Catharine von Bora; also other works of the German school of the 15-16th centuries. Cab XVII. Dutch Masters of the 17th and 18th centuries. — Cab. XVIII. Painters’ of the 18th century. — Cab. XIX. 197. Snyders , Birds; 661. Ph. Roos (d. 1705), Cattle. — From Cab. XX., which contains a few paintings of the beginning of this century, we again reach the staircase. The beautiful vaulted -Loggia (entered from Room I.; door some- times locked) commands a charming view of the Carlsaue and the Fulda. The busts of Raphael , Titian , Guido Reni , and other painters are by Hassenpflug. The mural paintings represent in allegorical figures the different tendencies and schools of art. ereni xenueucies auu ^ The building is surrounded with pleasure-grounds. A stone bridge across the Frankfurter- Str. brings us to the Weinberg (PI. C, 5), and the above-mentioned (p. 93) Felsenkeller, lying amidst pretty villas, and commanding a line view. The circular Konigs-Platz (PI. E, 3 ; 157 yds. in diameter) is re- markable for its sixfold echo (tramway to Wilhelmshohe, see p. 101). The Protestant Church of St. Martin (PI. 6; E, 2), in the Go- thic style, with nave of the 14th and choir of the beginning of the 15th cent., was judiciously restored in 1842. Sacristan, Hohen- thor-Str. 18. Choir. The Monument of Philip the Generous (d. 1567) and his wile, erected by their son William IV., in black marble with white reliefs and profuse gilding, occupies the place of the high altar. Landgrave Moritz , in coloured marble, was erected in i662 ; opposil^e to it a monument in bronze, with a likeness of the Landgravine Christina (d 1549). — The Tower (230 ft.) overlooks the town and .the environs as far as Wilhelmshohe. Visitors ring at a small door to the right of the W. portal. The *Auegarten, Aue , or Carlsaue , near the Fnednchs-Platz (p. 94), and bounded by the Fulda on the E., the favourite prome- nade of the inhabitants, was planned by Le Notre , the French land- scape-gardener, in 1709, and contains beautiful trees. Descending from the Auethor, we soon reach the large Orangery (PL E, 4, O), built at the beginning of the 18th cent., and recently restored. The pavilion adjoining it on the W. is the Marmorbad, a bath-room erected in 1728, adorned with marble statuary, chiefly by Monnot, a French sculptor of last century. Among the statues are the Faun, the dancing Bacchante, Bacchus, andLeda; the reliefs represent scenes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. (Admission on Mon., Wed., and Sat. 10-12, Sun. lll/ 2 -l ; or by giving the custodian, who lives in the nearest corner-pavilion of the orangery, a fee of V 2 -l m.) — About the middle of the park, to the right of the principal avenue leading to the ‘Great Basin’, is a cafe. — In the vicinity, below the Bellevue-Str. , rises a Monument by Kaupert, representing a sleeping lion, erected in 1874 to the memory of Hessians who tell during the French domination. From Cassel to Wilhelmshohe. Carriage to the Hotel Schombardt or tbe Pensionshaus 8, to the Cas- cades 9, to tbe Riesenschloss 15 m.; fee lV*-2 m. extra, C&b with one horse (‘Droschke’) to the Hotel Schombardt or Pensionshaus, 1 peis. 2 m., Wilhelmshohe. CASSEL. B. Route. 101 2 pers. 2 m. 20, 3-4 pers. 2 m. 50 pf. ; return-fare one-half; the driver is bound to wait hr. without extra charge. Tramway from the Konigs-Platz at Cassel, through the Obere Konig- Str. and the Wilhelmshoher Allee (PI. D, C, B, A, 3, 4), to Wilhelmshohe (terminus near the Hotel Schombardt) in 25 min., starting every 1/2 hr., fare 30 pf. ; on days when the fountains play, every 20 min., fare 50 pf. Railway from Cassel to stat. Wilhelmshohe in 10 min. (fares 40, 30, 20 pf., return-tickets 70, 50, 30 pf.); thence to the entrance of the park nearly 1 M. Hotels. * Schombardt’s Hotel, in the park, R. 2 m. and upwards, L. 50 pf., D. 3m., B. lm., A. 75 pf. ; ‘pension’’ in April and May 36 m. a week, from June to September 42 m. Just outside the park, below the Grosse Lac, is the Pensionshaus Wilhelmshohe, R. 10-25 m. a week, ‘pension’ 3 m. a day; also suitable for passing travellers, R., L., & A. 272 m., D. 2 m. — A little farther on , near the Lowenburg, are two villas belonging to Dr. Schmidt of Cassel (R. 9-24 m., ‘pension’ 21m. a week) and Dr. Wie- derhold ; these for a longer stay only. — At Wahlershausen , near the park, by the last tramway-station : Pension Rausch. Restaurants at the Octagon and at the foot of the Cascades. The Fountains play on Ascension-day, then from Whit- Monday till October (the ‘Cascades’ and the ‘New Waterfall’ on Sun. only) on Sun. at 3 and on Wed. at 3.30 o’clock. The visitor is recommended to be at the foot of the Cascades in good time (thence to the Teufelsbriicke, Aqueduct, Great Fountain, and New Waterfall), as the supply of water is limited and the exhibition therefore of brief duration. From the Wilhelmshoher Thor (PI. B, C, 4) a fine avenue of limes, flanked with handsome new houses in the villa style, leads by the village of Wahlershausen to (4 M.) * Wilhelmshohe, formerly the summer-residence of the Electors of Hessen, and celebrated for its park and fountains. The beautiful grounds, partly laid out at the beginning of the 17th cent., are chiefly indebted to the Land- grave Carl (d. 1730) and the Elector William I. (d. 1821) for their present extent. The Schloss, erected since 1798, and occupied by Napoleon 111. during the latter part of the Franco- Prussian war in 1870-71, is a somewhat heavy building, the body and wings of which are dis- posed in the form of a semicircle. The interior is sumptuously fitted up , and contains a collection of Chinese and Japanese por- celain, and several good pictures, principally portraits of Hessian princes. The castellan lives on the ground-floor, close to the en- trance. Near the Schloss are the Guard-house, th q Mar stall , or stables, which have been converted into a hussar- barrack, and Schombardt’ s Hotel. A visit to the finest points in the *Park, which requires about 4 hrs. (guide unnecesssary, compare Plan), may be made in the following order. From the hotel winding paths lead to the New Waterfall , 130 ft. in height. We ascend thence to the left to the Temple of Mercury, and proceed by wood-paths to the Riesenschloss , or Octagon , the highest point in the grounds, 1360 ft. above the Fulda, a bold structure consisting of three vaulted stories, the highest of which is borne by 192 clustered columns 48 ft. in height. The platform, which is easily ascended , and commands a beautiful panorama, 1 02 Route 7. GOTTINGEN. From Cassel "bears an obelisk, 98 ft. in beigbt, surmounted by a colossal statue of the Farnese Hercules in copper (33 ft. in beigbt ; room in tbe club for 8 pers., fee 50 pf.). Tbe Grotto in front of tbe Octagon, to tbe right, contains a water-puzzle. — Tbe Eleven Beeches , l 1 /* M. to tbe N. of tbe Octagon, command a fine view (tower). Tbe Cascades descending from tbe Octagon are 300 yds. in length, with large basins at intervals of 50 yds. On each side are long flights of steps (842 steps in all). Pleasant walks descend to tbe right, passing tbe Steinhdfer J sche Wasserfall , to the Lowenburg, a modern imitation of an ancient castle. The view from tbe platform of tbe tower is tbe chief attraction here (fee). In front of tbe Schloss is tbe * Great Fountain , one of tbe highest in Europe, and tbe chief boast of Wilhelmshohe , which sends up a jet of water 1 ft. in thickness and 200 ft. in beigbt. Near it, to tbe left, is tbe Teufelsbrucke ; to tbe right tbe Aqueduct , with a fine waterfall. The Grosse Lac , another large pond to tbe E. of tbe chateau, near tbe road to Cassel, is one of tbe finest points. 7. From Cassel to Hanover. 103 M. Railway in 3 V 2 - 5 hrs. (express fares 14m. 50, 11 m. 20, 7 m. 80 pf. *, ordinary 13 m. 40, 10 m. 10, 6 m. 70 pf.). Soon after leaving Cassel tbe train crosses tbe hulda , and lor a long distance skirts tbe picturesque banks of tbe stream. 15 M. Miinden (*Hessischer Hof, Goldner Lowe , both in tbe Lange-Str.; * Andrews Hotel, D. 2 m., with ‘pension’, 1 M. from tbe station), charmingly situated on a tongue of land at tbe junc- tion of the Fulda and Werra , tbe united waters of which form the Weser , is a pleasant, old-fashioned little town. Pop. 5600. The Church of St. Blasius is of tbe 14th century. Tbe extensive Schloss , built by Duke Erich IT. of Brunswick-Luneburg in 1571, near which is tbe Forst-Academie, founded in 1869, is now unin- habited. In tbe promenade, near tbe Bahnhof-Str.^is a War Mon- ument in commemoration of tbe campaign of 1870-71. Pictur- esque views from Andree s Berggarten (10 min.) , and from tbe Tivoli (Restaurant), near tbe station and tbe town. — Railway to Nordhausen and Halle , see R. 6* . Tbe train crosses tbe Werra (fine retrospect of Miinden), follows tbe valley of tbe Weser for some distance , ascends gradually to (21 M.) Dransfeld , tbe culminating point of tbe line, and finally descends to tbe valley of tbe Leine. 36 M. Gottingen. — Hotels. -Krone, R. from P /2 m., B. 90, A. 50 pf. : -Gerhard’s Hotel, Alten Wall 3, near the station. — Restaurants. Lanz & Cron, also confectioners, Weender-Str. ; Alte Fink. ' Garten , outside the Geismartlior, and Rohns s Garten , I 72 M. to me m, with a fine view, are popular resorts. , . . „ .. Gottingen , an old town with 17,000 mbab., is famous for its University (Georgia Augusta, 1000 students), founded in 1 Gw by George II. Many of tbe bouses bear inscriptions to tbe memory of to Hanover. NORTHEIM. 7. Route. 103 distinguished scholars and students : thus, in the Allee-Str. 6, are recorded the names of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm (1829-37), and on the ramparts close to the Leine, is a one-storied house, hearing the name of Prince Bismarck (1832-33). Near the station are the War Monument , the new Post Office , the Anatomical Rooms (a small building with a dome) , and a new edifice for the Natural History Collection , containing Blumenbach’s collection of skulls. — In the Wilhelms-Platz, which is adorned with a statue of King Wil- liam IV., rises the University building, erected in 1837, and now containing the Aula, or University Hall , a Picture Gallery , with several early German and Dutch pictures (such as Christ on the Cross by Joh. Raphon of Eimbeck, Antony and Cleopatra by Jan Steen), and a collection of casts. An old monastery near the church of St. John now contains the extensive University Library (400, 000 vols. and 5000 MSS.). At the end of the Weender-Str. rises a large building for Lectures , erected in 1865. Adjacent is the Botanical Garden , beyond which is the new Agricultural Institute. The town is encircled with ramparts planted with lime-trees, and affording a pleasant walk. — A favourite excursion is to the ruin of Plesse with its two towers, on a wooded height, commanding a charming view, and thence down to Mariaspring (2^ hrs.). From Gottingen to Eichenberg (12 M.) by railway in 35 min., ascend- ing the broad valley of the Leine. Thence to Bebra (and Frankfort ), Gotha , Erfurt , and Halle , see pp. 356, 381. 40 M. Bovenden , commanded by the ruin of Plesse. Above stat. Norten rises the ruin of Hardenberg, with a modern chateau. Farther on we observe a slender watch-tower on an eminence. 48 M. Northeim (* Sonne ; Englischer Hof), an old town, with a good church of 1519 (old carving on the altar; remains of fine stained glass of 1404 in the choir), is the station for travellers in- tending to explore the Harz Mts. from this side. From Northeim to Herzberg, branch-line via Catlenburg and Hattorf. From Herzberg to Nordhausen , see p. 357. From (56 M.) Salzderhelden , with a saline spring and ruined castle, a branch-line diverges to (3M.) Einbeck , or Eimbeck , an old town, once famous for its beer. 60 M. Kreiensen (Rdilway Restaurant ) is the junction for the Holzminden and Magdeburg line (p. 85). 66 M. Freden is situated in one of the prettiest parts of the valley of the Leine, on which the ruins of Freden and the Winzenburg look down from the heights. 72 M. Alfeld, where the Messrs. Reich keep a large col- lection of live animals for sale , lies at the base of the Sieben Bruder , a group of hills, the highest of which is 1480 ft. above the sea-level. The mountainous district is now quitted. 78 M. Banteln. Beyond (83 M.) Elze the Leine is crossed. On an eminence to the left rises *8chloss Marienburg , built in the medieval style by Hase (p. 106), with a frieze by Engelhardt, illustrating northern lore. 87 M. Nordstemmen is the junction for the Hildesheim - 8. From Rotterdam to Hanover by Salzbergen, 266 M. Railway in 10-13 hrs. (fares 19 fl. 95, 15 fl. 25, 10 fl. 3 cts.). — Shortest route between Rotterdam and Berlin (express in 13 l /2-15 hrs.). |i 11 Custom-house formalities at Bentheim (see helow). From Rotterdam to (96 M.) Zutphen , see Baedekers Belgium and Holland. The line then crosses the Yssel, traversing a district intersected by numerous canals. Five unimportant stations. Branch lines diverge from (114 M.) Hengelo , N. to Almelo , S. to Enschede and Munster (p. 127). Beyond (121 M.) Oldenzaal the line crosses the Prussian frontier. The custom-house is at (140 M.) Bentheim ( Bellevue ; *Bad-H6tel ), a small town (2200 inhab.) with an old chateau and a cold sulphureous spring. Next stations Schiittorf , (149 M.) Salzbergen (junction for Emden, p. 137), and (154 M.) Rheine (p. 137; *Rail. Restaurant ), the junction for Munster and Hamm, where carriages are changed. The Osnabriick line crosses the Ems. Stations Horstel , Ibben - buren (with valuable mines), Velpe. The wooded chain of hills on the left, the N.W. spurs of the Teutoburgian Forest (p. 77), enhance the picturesqueness of the scenery. On a slope covered with sum- mer-houses and orchards, on the left as the station is entered, stands the lunatic asylum of Qertrudenberg , formerly a Benedictine nunnery (suppressed in 1803). 183 M. Osnabriick (* Schaumburg , at the W. station ; * D idling s Hotel ; Kaiserhof ; Hotel Rewwer), a prosperous town on the Haase , with 31,500 inhab. , the capital of a bishopric founded by Charle- magne in 783, hut suppressed in 1803 (governed alternately by a Roman Catholic and a Protestant prince after the Peace of West- phalia in 1648), has since 1858 again been the seat of a Roman Ca- tholic bishop. The Cathedral (Rom. Oath.), of the 12th cent., is partly in the Romanesque and partly in the transitional style. It is a spacious cruciform structure , with three towers, the oldest of which is the octagonal one over the choir. The interior contains an old font of about 1300, and a treasury with beautiful crucifixes , reliquaries, and an ivory comb and set of chessmen , said to have belonged to Charlemagne, but probably of the 12th century. The large Platz to the N. of the cathedral is adorned with a bronze Statue of Justus Moser , the patriotic author and philan- thropist (d. 1794, and interred in the Marienkirche) ; it was de- signed by Drake, and erected in 1836. The * Marienkirche (Prot.), or Church of St. Mary, is a noble Gothic structure of moderate dimensions, borne by very lofty, slen- der columns. The nave was erected in 1318, the choir and the E.5 2. Bank, D.4. 3 .Bibliotkek B.5. Denkmaler “SUBodeRer. C.5. 4. Ern st August DE.4. 5. General. Graf Alim B.5. 6. Leibnitz B.5. 7. Marschner D.5. 8 . Schiller D.5. 9 . Wctterloo-Scude •/ B.5. 1 0 Ereimmirerloqe . . . D.3. W*XaiserWiIheZ7fv Gjnaioishon/lSemaiar E.4. Kir die n : 11 .AegidienrK. . \2.Christus-JL C.2. ISXaiholischeK. . B.4. l^.Ki'ewi-K. . C 4 15. Markt-K C.5. Ib.Heiustadter K. B.4. 17. SiMcolal-Kap. . . . D.3. V&.Leibnitz-Hcvus . . . C.4. 19 Ryceiun/ 2QJfilitair- Rdtinstitut . . . E.l. 2U Museum/ 22 .Altos -Palais ( Oberpr as idiom,) . . . C.5. 23 .Palais Ernst August B.5. 24j Volizei 0 4*5. 2 ^.TahniscltoHodiscJuda Cl. 26 .Postamt DJE.4. 2 T.Altes Rathliaics C.5. 28 Heues Rathhaus ' C.5. 29. Schloss, Konigl. C.5. 30 .Sjnagoge, B.4. 31 .Theater 0.5. 32 .Thierarzneischule E.5. 33 .Tivoli E.5. Gastliofe : a .Hotel Royal DJE.4. b . Grand, Hotel 0.4. c. Union/ . 0.4. d. Rheinischer Hof 0.4. e. Hotel de Rassie 0.4. f . British Hotel 0.4. g*. Hastens D.5. \\. Victoria/ 0.5. i .Rudolphs 0.5. k Hotel die Hord 0.4. X.Bornenianns Hotel 0.4. m Hotel de V Europe, 0.4.5. JvRaierischer Hof. 0.4. o . Spccniers Hotel B .C.4. Hotels. HANOVER. 9. Route. 1 05 retro-choir in 1406-24. The altar-piece is a beautiful and elabo- rate specimen of wood-carving , executed at the beginning of the 16th cent., and gilded, resembling the altar-piece of St. Michael’s Chapel in the cathedral of Cologne, and representing scenes from the life of the Saviour. The paintings are of the old Westphalian school. Adjacent is the Rathhaus (custodian at the police guard-house), erected at the close of the 15th cent., where the negociations for the Peace of Westphalia were carried on from 1643 to 1648. The ‘Friedenssaal’ contains portraits of princes and ambassadors, and other reminiscences of that period (comp. p. 128). — In the market- place we observe some gabled houses in the Gothic style , and several timber buildings of the Renaissance period. The Gothic Katharinenkirche (Prot.) dates from the 14th cent., and contains chalices in the transition-style. In the Johanniskirche , of the 13th cent., are some interesting wood-carvings, a line ci- borium, etc. — The new Hospital and the Commercial School are the most imposing modern buildings in the town ; the Aula of the latter contains a fresco by Gey, representing the Proclamation of the Peace of Westphalia. — The small watering-place of Rothenfelde , with saline springs, lies 14 M. to the S.E. of Osnabriick (diligence in 3 hrs. ; also accessible from Melle, see below). Osnabriick is the junction for the Cologne and Hamburg line. Railway to Quakenbrilck and Oldenburg , see p. 142. The next stations beyond Osnabriick are Wissingen and Melle. The Dietrich sbur g , a chateau 2 M. to the N. of Melle, commands an extensive prospect. At its foot lies the estate of Ostenwalde. Stations Bruchmuhlen , Biinde, Kirchlengern , and (212^ M.) Lohne , where the Cologne and Hanover line is reached . Thence to — 266 M. Hanover, see R. 3. 9. Hanover. Arrival. The new Central Station (PI. E, 4), a spacious and hand- some structure, rises in the centre of the modern part of the town. The lines cross several of the streets by bridges. Hotels. In the town: -British Hotel (PI. f; D, 4), Georg- Str. 7. — Near the station: -Hotel Royal (PI. a; D, 4, 5); “Union Hotel (PI. c; H, 4), with the ‘Puszta 1 restaurant on the ground-floor. These three are first-class, with corresponding charges: R. from 2 l / 2 , B. l-U/ 4 , D. 3, L. and A. P /2 m. — !! Grand Hotel (PI. b ; D. 4), with restaurant on the ground- floor 5 Hotel de Russie (PI. e; D, 4); Rheinisciier Hof (PI. d; I), 4). Charges at these three: R., L., & A. 2 m. and upwards, B. 1 m. — Others in the town: -Kasten (PI. g; D, 5), commercial, with restaurant, Theater- Platz 9*, -Rudolph (PI. i; D, 5), Georg -Str. 26, with pension and restau- rant; -Victoria Hotel (PI. h; D, 5), Georg-Str. 19; Hotel de PEurope (PI. m; H, 5), Luisen-Str. 4; Bairischer Hof (PI. n; D, 4), Luisen-Str. 10, with restaurant; Bornemann's Hotel (PI. 1; D, 4), Strasse am Bahnhof; du Nord (PI. k; D, 4), same street; Hotel de Hanovre, Kalenberger- Str. 32 ; Spanier’s Hotel (PI. 0 ), in the same street, 33 ; -Bennemann, iEgidienthor-Platz 2 ; Stadt Braunschweig, Schmiede-Str. 15, unpretending. Restaurants. Besides those mentioned above : ^Ropke's Konig shalle , Konig-Str. 1, elegantly fitted up, D. H/z or 2 l / 2 m. ; Meyer's Schanke , 106 Route 9. HANOVER. Cabs. Schiller-Str. 23, near the station, well spoken of; * Union- Keller, Theater- Platz 14; *Rabe, Marien-Str. 42; "Daseking , Theater -Str. 14; Zauberflote , Seilwinder - Str. 10; Walhalla , Windmuhlen - Str. 4. — Wine -Rooms: ■ Michaelis, Windmiihlen-Str. 4; Hastedt-Wessel & Konig , Luisen-Str. 10b; Vater Rhein , Schiller - Str. 31; all near the old station; Rathsweinkeller (p. 108), below the Rathhaus ; Ahles , Mittel-Str. 8. Cafes and Confectioners : Konigshalle , see above ; *Robby , at the pavilion in the Theater-Platz ; Wiener Caf6, Georg-Platz; Theater-Platz 12, and Oesterle , Bahnhof-Str. 12, confectioners only; Marien-Str. 42. Amusements. In the town: * Tivoli , Konig-Str. 1 (PI. 33; E, 5), a vast establishment, concerts in summer 6-11 p. m., with brilliant illumi- nation (40,000 coloured gas-jets); admission during the day 30 pf., at night 1 m. — Odeon , Nicolai-Str. 6, similar, admission 75 pf. — Outside the town : Zoological Garden (p. 110); Bellavista , at the Neue Thor, adm. on concert- days 30 pf. ; Parkhaus , near Herrenhausen; Eilenriede (p. 110), and many others. Theatre. * Royal Theatre (closed from 1st June to 28th Aug.) ; parquet (stalls) 3V2-41/2 m., dress-circle 372-5 m. — Concerts in winter in the con- cert-room. — Residenz- Theater, Markt-Str. 47, and Stadt- Theater, Reuter- Str. 10, in winter only. Baths. Hannover' sche Badehalle, Friedrich-Str. 18, near the Waterloo- Platz ; Turkish, Russian, and swimming-baths for ladies and gentlemen ; Luisenbad , Luisen-Str. 5, near the station. Cabs. Per drive in the interior of the town : 1 pers. 50 pf. , 2 pers. 60, 3-4 pers. 70 pf. ; small articles free, each box 25 pf. — Outer quarters of the town, and to the Zoological Garden: 1-2 pers. 75 pf., 3-4 pers. 1 m. — After 10.30 p.m. double fares. — By time: 1/4 hr. 1-2 pers. 50, 3-4 pers. 75 pf. ; 1 hr., 172 or 2 m. , Tramways. From the iEgidien-Platz (PI. D , 6) to Herrenhausen (p. 110); to Linden; to the Dohrener Thurm; to the Zoological Garden (p. 110); to the Celler-Strasse (PI. D, E, 3). From the Steinthor to Hainholz. Post Office, in the Ernst-August-Platz. Telegraph Office, Am Bahn- ’ English Church, Klages-Markt ; services at 11 a.m. and 4.30 p.m. (in winter 3.30 p.m.). Chaplain, Rev. N. G. Wilkins , Bohmer-Str. 5. Hanover (256 ft.), formerly the capital of the kingdom of Hano- ver , and now that of the Prussian province of that name, and the headquarters of the 10th Corps d’Armee, with 150,000 inhab. (including the suburb of Linden), is situated in a well-cultivated plain on both banks of the Leine , which here becomes navigable, just above the influx of its small tributary the Ihme. The town has rapidly increased during the last fifty years (population in 1837 only 27,500), especially since its annexation to Prussia in 1866 ; and in consequence of its advantageous situation at the junction of several important railways it has lately become a thriving manufacturing place. The irregularly-built old town still contains a number of antiquated houses of the 15th-17th cent. , while handsome new quarters have arisen to the N. and E. In contrast to the older stucco- fronts, most of the modern buildings are constructed of plain sand- stone or brick, an improvement mainly due to the architect K. W. Hase (b. 1818). Examples of this are the Museum, Lyceum, several schools, the Archives, Synagogue, Railway Offices, Bank, Barracks in the Celler-Strasse, and many private dwelling-houses, especially in the Prinzen-Str. and Konig-Str. The favourite styles are the Renaissance and Gothic, of which the latter is most in vogue at present. Museum. HANOVER. 9. Route. 107 In the spacious ‘Platz’ in front of the Central Railway Station (PL E, 4) rises an * Equestrian Statue of Ernest Augustus (Pl. 4), in bronze, designed by A. Wolff , the king (d. 1851) being repre- sented^ the uniform of a hussar. — The Bahnhof-Strasse leads hence into the town. In the Theater-Platz (PI. D, 5) rises the ^Theatre (Pl. 31), one of the largest and finest in Germany, with seats for 1800 spectators. The principal facade towards the Georg-Strasse is adorned with a handsome portico, under which there is a broad carriage-approach. On the balcony above are placed statues of twelve celebrated poets and composers. In front of the building rises a monument (Pl. 7 ; designed by Hartzer of Celle) to the composer Marschner (d. 1861), 7 who, till within a few years of his death , was bandmaster to the ducal court. — In the Georgs-Platz, to the S. of the Theater-Platz, is the Lyceum (Pl. 19; D, 5), with its school, built in 1854, in front of which rises a colossal Statue of Schiller (Pl. 8), by Engel- hard, erected in 1863. The Museum of Art and Science (Pl. 21 ; H, 5), Sophien-Str. 2, is a Romanesque edifice by Hase , completed in 1856. In the niches are statues of Leibnitz, Humboldt, Diirer, and Peter Vischer ; in front of the entrance two fine lions by Engelhard and Eopmeier. The Museum contains the apartments of a Club of Artists and Architects on the ground-floor, and the Hanoverian Provincial Mu- seum on the first floor, where annual exhibitions of art also take place in February and March. The collections, which relate to natural history, art, and historical research, are open 10-1 daily except Frid., adm. 50 pf. ; Sun. 11-2 and Wed. 2-4 gratis. The Natural History Collections on the first and second floor of the principal building are chiefly remarkable for the minerals, birds, and butterflies. ’ ’ The Historical Collections in an adjoining building in the court are rich in ante-Christian antiquities, comprising about 2000 vases, some of them from tombs at Osnabriick , and very rare ; bronze weapons, orna- ments, domestic utensils, gold and silver trinkets. The Art Collection in the same building in the court consists of casts trom the antique and of models and sculptures by Kiimmel (d. 1855) on the ground-floor. — Picture Gallery on the first floor: Horemans , Vio- lin-player*, Poussin , Two landscapes 5 *Dou, Moor; Canaletto , Four views* A. Achenbach, Coast; Becker , Bclisarius; * Fliiggen , Legacy-hunter* Oeyer Genre picture; Hiibner, Soldier relating his adventures; Jordan,’' Burial • Kaulbach, Portrait ; Kreling, Erwin of Steinbach ; Oppenlieim , Mignon and the Harper; * Schirmer , Two landscapes; Voltz , Two cattle-pieces; * Les- sing Four drawings; Koken, Landscapes; Knille, Walling in of a nun- Piloty , Death of Ctesar. A ! Gallery of Pictures, brought from different chateaux of George V., was formed in 1872 at Landschafts-Strasse 3 (PL D, 5), not far from the Museum (open daily, 10-3). Modern Masters (1st Floor, and to the right on the 2nd Floor) : Achen- bach, Dutch landscape; Adam , Napoleon at the battle of Ratisbon; Becker , Norwegian landscape ; Begas, Lorelei; Bergmann, Emp. Charles V. and Rem- brandt ; Blanc, Going to church ; Bleibtreu, Battle of the Katzbach ; Camp- Puntans; Hiibner, The deserted bride, Return of the sons; Knille, Dead Cid; Kohler , Semiramis, Exposure of Moses; Kretzsclimer, Storm in 1 08 Route 9. HANOVER. Palace. the desert- Lessing , Emp. Henry V. at the monastery of Prufening; Metz , Scene from the War of the Peasantry; Nortlien, Napoleon retreating, La Haye Sainte; Oesterley, Leonora, Jephthah; Schirmer , Forest. Ancient Masteks (2nd Floor, to the left) : Lod. Carracci, Christ and the disciples at Emmaus ; Don, Old man mending a pen; Van Dyck, Christ and the lame man; Van der Heist, Portraits ; Holbein the Younger , Prince Edward Melanchthon (medallion); Miereveli , Portrait; Pamm, Piazza Navona St. Peter’s at Rome; Poussin , Rape of the Sabine women; Rubens , Rape of De ianira; Snyders, Bear; Snyders and Rubens , Man cutting up a deer- Ruys- da el , Ruins; Teniers , Slaughter-house; Titian , Portraits; Ferowese, Christ. In the centre of the Altstapt is the market-place with the Marktkirche (PL IB; C, 5) of the 14th century. On the outside are several tombstones of the 16th century. The interior, restored in 1855, contains fine modern stained glass and a modern altar carved in oak In the chapel under the tower are the banners of the Anglo- German Legion of 1803-15. Tower 295 ft. high. — The handsome *01d Rathhaus (PI. 27; C, 5), opposite the church erected in the late-Gothic style in 1439-55, has a modern wing facing the Ko- belinger-Strasse ; the building was restored by Hase in 187b- (9. The Rathsweinkeller (p. 106) is decorated with frescoes by Schaper. The Markt-Strasse and Kobelinger-Strasse running to the b. from the market-place , and the Knochenhauer-Strasse and Sehmiede- Strasse to the N., contain a number of picturesque late-Gothic brick buildings with lofty gables, of the 15th and 16th centuries. No. 10 in the last-named street, at the corner of the Kaiser-Strasse, was once * Leibnitz's House (PI. 18; C, 4), a Renaissance building in stone, of 1652, with an oriel adorned with sixteen reliefs from Scripture. The neighbouring Kreuzkirche (PI. 14; C, 4) contains a goot altar-piece by Gonne from Schnorr’s designs. The Palace (PI. 29; C, 5), an edifice of considerable extent, with its back to the Leine, is situated in the Lein-Strasse, to the S W. of the market-place. It was built in the lfth cen ., an altered in 1817. The interior (accessible daily 9-5 o clock; en- trance by Portal No. 2) has been fitted up anew, and is at present occupied by Prince Albert of Prussia. The chapel contains an altar- piece by L. Cranach, representing the Crucifixion, and frescoes o the Ascension by Oesterley. formerly Opposite the palace is the Alte Palais (PI. 22 , C, 0), forme s y the residence of King Ernest Augustus , and now the seat of the Oberpraesidium (government). Duke Charles of Strelitz, the father of Queen Louise of Prussia andQueen Prede of Hanover, who was Governor of Hanover in 1 “4-85, resided 11 it for sometime. In the vicinity, at the corner of Str., is the old palace of George V. (d. 1878), now the Rathhaus ^ M 8 the back of the Palace flows the Leine beyond which ex- tends a spacious drilling-ground called the Watebioo-Platz (PI. B, 5), at the farther end of which rises the L> . in height, erected ‘by the grateful Fatherland to about 800 Hano- Christuskirche. HANOVER. 9. Route. 109 verians who fell at the battle of Waterloo. Good survey of the town from the top (188 steps; fee). On each side are barracks, and to the left is also the spacious Arsenal built in 1846. At the N. end is the Statue of Count Alien (d. 1840; PI. 5), the Hanoverian gene- ral at Waterloo, and commander of the Foreign Legion in Spain. In the grounds between this and the barracks is a small temple (PI. 6) with a bust of Leibnitz (d. 1716), who is interred in the neighbouring Neustadter Kirche (PI. 16; B, 4). His grave is marked by a marble slab with the words ‘Ossa Leibnitii . At the back of General Alten’s monument is the Royal Library (PI. 3; B, 5), containing 175,000 vols. and 3000 MSS., comprising those left by Leibnitz and several valuable incunabula (open on week-days, 12-1). The Poor House in the Neue-Strasse (PI. B, C, 4) bears an in- scription to the effect that the Duke of Brunswick dined here (the house being then an inn) when on his expedition from the Erz- gebirge to the North Sea. — In the vicinity is the Synagogue (PI. 30 ; B, 4), built in a mediaeval style by Oppler (1870). Herr Culemann , Oster-Str. 54, possesses a collection of mediaeval works of art, autographs, early typography, etc., to which connoisseurs are readily admitted. The Aquarium (PI. 1 ; E, 5; adm. 40 pf.), near the Tivoli, and not far from the station, is worthy of a visit. The neighbouring streets, Konig - Strasse and Am Schiffgraben (PI. E, F, 5), leading towards the Eilenriede (p. 110), are flank- ed with handsome new buildings in the villa style , some of them designed by H. Kohler. At the beginning of the Thiergarten- Strasse is a handsome Gothic villa, by Luer. The circular space at the end of the Konig-Str. is to be embellished with a War Monument. The Gewerbe-Ausstellung, or Industrial Exhibition, Briihl-Str. 1 (PI. O, 3), consisting of machinery, manufactures, industrial models, etc., is open daily 11-3 (adm. 25 pf.), and on Sun. 11-2 (10 pf.). Opposite is the Veterinary School. No. 1 in the Lange Laube is the so-called Haus der Vdter (Pl. C, 3), of 1619. The * Christuskirche (PI. 12; O, 2), a handsome modern Gothic church (1864), with good stained glass, is worthy of a visit (sacristan Oberstrasse 1). The Prison (PI. E, 4) has room for upwards of 300 convicts. Adjacent are the new Law Courts. In the Vahrenwalder- Strasse is the Military Riding Institute (PI. 20 ; F, 1), for training riding and fencing-masters for the army. An *A venue of Limes, 1 i/ 4 M. long, leads on the N.W. side of the town to Schloss Herrenhausen. On the E. side of it, not far from the town , is the imposing Welfenschloss , or Palace of the Guelphs (PI. O, 1), in the Romanesque style, with five towers, fitted up in 1878-80 as a Polytechnic School (35 teachers, 650 students). 110 Route 9. HANOVER. Herrenhausen. Above the portal are statues of Henry the Lion, Ernest the Con- fessor , the Elector Ernest Augustus , and King Ernest Augustus. The collections it contains may be inspected on application to the castellan. In the square in front is a colossal figure of the Saxon Horse. Close to it is the so-called Prinzenhaus (formerly on the Reitwall) , where Queen Louise of Prussia is said to have been born, 10th March, 1776 (p. 108). On the other side of the avenue is the Georgen-Park (with a cafe), which extends to Herrenhausen and contains the Palace of King Ernest Augustus. Schloss Herrenhausen, at the farther end of the avenue, was the favourite residence of George I. (d. 1727), George II. (d. 1766), and George V. (d. 1878). The garden, 120 acres in area, laid out in the old French style, contains statues copied from antiques, an open-air theatre, monuments of Hanoverian princes, fountains, and hothouses. The colossal statue of the Electress Sophia, by Engel- hard, stands on the spot where she expired in 1714. The fountains play every Wed. and Sat. in June (after Ascension Day) from 5 to 7 p.m., July 5.30 to 7.30, Sept. 3-5. The waters of the great fountain rise to the unusual height of 222 ft. — Adjoining the chateau is a building containing a Collection of Ancient and Modern Sculptures (among the former are busts of the emperors, Perseus and Andromeda, Bacchus, etc.; among the latter, works by Rauch, Kiimmel , Hesemann , and Engelhard). In the vicinity are two large orangeries and the beautiful *Berggarten with a fine collection of palms, and orchid and Victoria Regia houses. One large green- house is devoted to plants from Australia and the Cape Colony. — At the end of the garden is the ^Mausoleum , containing the monu- ments of King Ernest Augustus (d. 1851) and his Queen Frederica (d. 1841) by Rauch (adm. from Apr. to Sept. 9-6, Oct. to March 10-4 ; apply to the castellan at the Schloss). — The house formerly occupied by the superintendent of the gardens now contains the * Wei fen- Museum, where national antiquities are preserved (open on week-days, 10-5). — Opposite, in the so-called ‘ Garde Meuble\ is a collection of paintings, containing good pictures of the Nether- landish, Italian, and early German schools. To the E. of Hanover, adjoining the most fashionable quarter of the town (see p. 108), extends the *Eilenriede, a wood belong- ing to the town, affording beautiful walks (several caftfs, etc.; ‘pen- sion’ at the Curhaus Eilenriede , 4 m. per day). On the S. side of it, l!/ 2 M. from the town (comp. PI. F, 5), is situated the Zoo- logical Garden , with well-kept grounds. Visitors are admitted on week-days to the Municipal Waterworks on the Lindener Berg by tickets obtained at the ‘Stadthauamf, in the old Rathhaus (p. 108). Fine view. The Deer Park at Kirchrode (railway 25 pf. $ carr. 4, through the Eilenriede 472 m.), which contains tame deer, is much visited. Refresh- ments at the forester’s house. AltezibefceneY Batoiho f ’ Ill 10. Hildesheim, Hotels. Hotel d’Angleterre (PI. a; C, 3), Hohenweg, R. 2Vi m. ; Wiener Hof (PI. b ; C, 3), Friesen-Str. Restaurants, etc.: Wippern , in the old Paulinerkirche (PL 11; C, 4); Meyer , Markt-Str. ; Knaup's Logensaal , An der Zingel (concert or dramatic performance nearly every day) ; Georgen-Park , at tbe Dammthor (military music twice weekly); *Domschenke , at the E. corner of the Dombof ; Rathskeller , under the Rathhaus. Railway Stations. Hildesheim has two stations, the Alte Bahnliof (PI. C, 1) and the Altenbekener Bahnhof (Pl. D, 4). — Railway to Lehrte, see p. 81; to Nordstemmen, see p. 103; to Ringelheim, see p. 86. Hildesheim , an ancient town with 23,000 inhab. (Y 3 Rom. Oath.), situated on the Innerste , has retained many mediaeval cha- racteristics. It became an episcopal see in 815, and attained its greatest prosperity in the 13th-14th centuries. After the inhabitants had succeeded in shaking off the supremacy of the bishops it be- came a member of the Hanseatic League, and was a free town of the Empire down to 1803. For centuries the town was divided into the three parishes of the Altstadt , Neustadt , and Domfreiheit , a di- vision that still leaves its mark. At a very early period Hildesheim attained great importance as a cradle of art, chiefly owing to the exertions of Bishop Bernward (993-1022). According to tradition, the bishop himself was a practical worker in several branches of art, and it is at least well authenticated that he patronised all alike and that he personally superintended the various studios founded by him. A number of buildings were erected by him ; and in particular several fine specimens of Bronze Workmanship , such as the cathedral doors , the Bernward Column, and the candelabrum and chalice in the cathedral - treasury, were executed under his auspices. Under the fostering care of Bernward and his successor Godeliard , and that of bishops Bernhard and Adelog in the 12th cent., Hildesheim became one of the most important seats of Romanesque Art in Germany. Nor is the interest attaching to this venerable town confined to its mediaeval art, for one of its most attractive and characteristic features consists of its timber-architecture in the German Renaissance style. In several of the buildings the traveller will observe traces of the obstinate resistance offered by the Gothic forms to the more modern ideas, the full sway of which was not established till the middle of the 16th century. The richly decorated facades, executed by wood-carvers and sculptors, bear abundant testimony to the taste, the humour, and the enterprise of the burghers of that period. Entering the town from the station, we reach the *Altstadter Markt, a fine mediaeval square surrounded by several interesting buildings. The Rathhaus (PI. 16; C, 3), with its arcades, erected in 1443, contains the valuable archives. The Templer-Haus (PI. 22), built in the late-Gothic style, has a handsome oriel and two round corner-turrets. The *Knochenhauer-Amthaus (PI. 19) , or guild- house of the butchers, is probably the finest timber building in Germany, and is adorned with admirable carving, of 1529. The Wedekind House (PI. 24) , dating from 1598 , is also adorned with carving. The Rolandstift , with gables, etc. The Roland Fountain in the middle of the Platz was erected in 1540. The Kaiserhaus , Langer Hagen No. 1836, is a Renaissance edifice of the 16th cent., adorned with medallion - reliefs and statues of Roman emperors. I f HILDESHEIM. St. Martin s Church. *St. Michael’s Church (PI. 10; A, 3 ; the sacristan lives at the red house to the E. of the church, No. 1579), formerly belonging to the Benedictines, founded by Bishop Bernward, and consecrated in 1033 was afterwards injured by a fire, but was restored in the 12th and 13th centuries. It is one of the finest Romanesque churches in Germany, and possesses aisles , a double transept, and E. and W. choir, the latter considerably elevated, with a crypt beneath it, which was consecrated in 1015. The Interior is borne by pillars and columns alternately, too of the latter being placed between two of the former ; this arrangement dates from the time of Bernward. The pillars are the original ones, J^Hne the old columns (last section to the N.E.) are preserved. The interesting ^Paintings on the flat wooden ceiling of the nave (genealogy of Christ up to Jesse, prophets, fathers, Christ as Judge, on a deep blue ground) da *® from the close of the 12th cent., and are the only ancient ™ k ? r °/ kind on this side of the Alps. In the N. transept are the Eight Beatitudes, curious stucco figures of the 11th or 12th century - The CRYPT restmg on 10 pillars and 8 columns, contains the monument of St. ^ e , r j iw ^ d ’ °y^ e 13th cent surrounded by a spring (key kept by the sacristan of St. Mag dalene’s Church). The adjacent abbey-buildings are now used as a lunatic asvlum The cloisters , to which visitors are admitted on application at delate, Ire in the late-Romanesque style, but with Pomted vaultrng. It. Magdalene’s Church (PI. 8; A, 3; sacristan, No. 140b, op- posite the church, to the S.W.) contains several interesting works from the studio of Bishop Bernward, and a fine late-Gothic chalice Cross (994) is a reHquary contaimng a piece „f the True Cross, richly encrusted with gems. - In the nave stands the old GoUensaule , or ‘Idols’ Column’, overthrown by Emp. Otho I. and pre sented to Bernward by Bishop Benno. St. Martin’s Church (PI. 9; B, 4; the custodian lives at tl hack of the church, No. 1340), now fitted up as a Museum con- tains weapons, ecclesiastical vessels, wood-carving a ^ Pictures Hildesheim and Goslar coins, and copies of the Hildesheim Silver Treasure (now at Beilin, p. 44); also a library vols . , chiefly relating to the town and principality of Hildesheim and a natural history collection, in which the geological section 6SP The^Cathedral (PI. 1 ; B, 4), in the Romanesque style erected in 1055-61 on the site of an earlier church , with a late-Gothic b. aisle and N. transept subsequently added ( 1412) ’ '' ,a \ el ' | r ?Q y R , flo-iiTed in the interior in 1730 (sacristan, Kleine Domhof 1108). The brazen Doors which separate the W. vestibule from the nave, exe- cuteI\y b So n pTe r rnward in ?015 are adorned vrith ^n relmfs (the Fall and Redemption) of' considerable : mei rit - ^ a e o *Cande- cent., with reliefs, in the first chapel on the left ana ine id ■ g th “cl" K5T» HSkSair" X^rgod W or ™ (H~>- and left of "t“ sculpture in stone , executed in 154b. andehard with figures of the St.' Go debar d’s Church. HILDESHEIM. 10. Route. 113 from the 9th century. — The Treasury (of which one of the clergy is the custodian) contains a number of very valuable works of art of the 8 th- 12th cent. : e.g. the Jerusalem Cross , presented by Louis the Pious, a By- zantine work, probably of the 8 th cent., with portraits of Constantine the Great and his mother Helena-, an octagonal casket enclosing the head of Oswald, King of Northumbria (d. 642) ; a drinking-horn and fork of Charle- magne ; two family-altars $ several codices with miniatures of the time of St. Bernward (some said to have been painted by himself), etc. The "Cloisters in the late-Romanesque style , on the E. side of the cathedral, in two stories, contain tombstones of the 12th-16th centuries. In the upper story are the Cathedral or Beverin Library , and the old Rittersaal , with tapestry and ceiling-paintings by Wink. The Chapel of St. Anne in the centre of the court, of the 14th cent., possesses windows with line tra- cery. On the outside of the wall of the cathedral-crypt grows a venerable Rose Bush , upwards of 30 ft. in height, and 30 ft. in width, connected by tradition with Louis the Pious and the founding of Hildesheim. It is said that ancient documents prove it to be 800 years old. The Romanesque Chapel of St. Lawrence on the S. side of the cloisters, with low vaulting borne by two series of round, and one of octagonal columns, contains a few architectural fragments and the tomb of Adamus Adami (d. 1665), the his- torian. — The ‘Cantabona’, the largest of the peal of bells, weighs 8 l /2 tons. In theDomhof, on theN. side of the cathedral, rises the Christus - Saule , or Column of Christ, in bronze, 15 ft. in height, and adorned with 28 groups in half relief representing the history of the Saviour, executed by Bishop Bernward about 1022 and erected in the Church of St. Michael. In the same Platz stands the Post Office (PI. 17), with an oriel dating from 1518. *St. Godehard’s Church (PI. 3, C, 5; sacristan, No. 1101, Vor- dere Briihl), built in 1133-72, restored in 1848-63, and like the church of St. Michael , one of the finest Romanesque edifices in Germany, is a basilica with aisles and flat ceiling, a handsome choir in the French style, and three massive towers. The sculptures in the arch of the N.W. portal are worthy of note. The body of the church rests on 6 pillars and 12 columns, the choir on 2 pillars and 6 columns. The candelabrum, an imitation of that in the cathedral, and the mural paintings in the choir in the Romanesque style by Welter of Cologne are modern. The church possesses a pyx of St. Go- dehard, supposed to date from the beginning of the 11th cent., a Gothic monstrance of the 15th cent. , and a valuable Romanesque chalice exe- cuted in 1146-53 (shown by permission of the Dean). Besides these buildings, Hildesheim contains many handsome private houses of the 16th and 17th cent., chiefly in the late-Gothic style. About one-sixth of the buildings in the town date from this period ; many of them, generally corner-houses, are adorned with quaint inscriptions. — The ramparts afford pleasant views. On the Michaelis Rampart (PI. A, 2) is a monument to the Hildesheim soldiers who fell in 1870-71. The suburb of Moritzberg , M. to the S.W. of Hildesheim, possesses an abbey-church founded in 1160, the only pure columnar basilica in N. Germany, but partially modernised. The "Bergholz , to the S. of Moritz- berg, is a beautiful point of view (concert at the restaurant two or three times a week). — Near the Oalgenberg , another very fine point of view to the E. of Hildesheim , some valuable ancient Roman silver plate, now preserved at Berlin (p. 44), was found in 1868. Baedeker’s N. Germany. Tth Edit. 8 114 11. Brunswick. Hotels. "Schrader's Hotel (PL a; B,5), Gordelinger-Str. 7; *Deutsches Haus (PI. b; C, 5), Neue-Strasse 21, at both R. from 2^2 m., D. 3 m., A. 60 pf. ; *Hotel de Prusse (Pl. c ; D, 5), Damm 26 ; Blauer Engel (Pl. d ; B, 4), Gordelinger-Str. 40, commercial. — *Stadt Petersburg (PL e; C, 6), Kohlmarkt 14 , of the second class ; Bethmann’s Hotel, Gordelinger-Str. 42. — Stadt Bremen and Hotel du Nord, both in the Bank-Platz (Pl. C, 6), near the station, unpretending, but well spoken of. Restaurants. * Railway Restaurant ; Bankkeller , under the bank (PL 2); Cissde , in the Sedan Bazaar, near Schrader's Hotel-, Denecke , Schuh-Str. 33; Schultze, Sack 21 ; Bierconvent , Theater-Promenade 14. ‘Mumme’, a sweet and unrefreshing kind of beer made from wheat, is sold by Kniep , Backer- klint 4 (handsome Renaissance building); Nettelbeck , Beckenwerper-Str. 26. — Cafes. Denecke , Kohlmarkt; Liick , Steinweg 22, opposite the theatre. Theatre {Ducal; p. 121), dress-circle 3 1 /2-4 1 /2 , parquet 3 ! /2 m. ; closed in June and July. Baths. Puhst , Am Fallersleber Thor 12; Mosel , Schoppenstedter-Str. 42 ; Hase , Am Bruchthor 4 (cold baths). Cabs. Per drive within the town, 1-2 pers. 50, 3-4 pers. 80 pf; in the outer districts, 1-2 pers. 60, 3-4 pers. 90 pf. — By time: V 2 hr. 90 pf- or l 1 /* m., 1 hr. I 3 / 4 or 2 l /2 m. — Luggage 15-25 pf. each package. Tramways. From the station (Pl. C, 6, 7) by the Kohlmarkt (Pl. C, 5) and Bohlweg (Pl. D, 5, 4) to the Fallersleber Thor (Pl. E, 3). New lines have been planned from the station to the August- Thor (Pl. D, 7) and Richmond, to the Petri-Thor (Pl. A, 3), etc. Post Office (Pl. 37), Post-Str. 7. — Telegraph Office (Pl. 42), Giilden- Str. 81. Principal Attractions. Ducal Museum; Altstadtmarkt ; Cathedral; Lion Monument; St. Andrew’s Church; Palace; Lessing’s Monument; View from the Windmuhlenberg. Brunswick , Ger. Braunschweig (203 ft.) , the capital of the Duchy of that name, and the residence of the Duke, with 74,000 inhab., lies on the Oker , which flows through the town in several arms, in a fertile plain hounded on the S. by wooded hills. It is now a manufacturing place of some importance, the staple products being sugar, tobacco, woollen fabrics, machinery, and carriages. Brunswick sausages and cakes are also exported. Brunswick is said to have been founded in 861 by Bruno , the son of Duke Ludolph of Saxony, and named after him Brunonis Vicus, or Bruns- wick , the thousandth supposed anniversary of which event was celebrated with great festivities in 1861. The place first acquired importance under Henry the Lion (1139-95), whose favourite residence was a fortified castle here. His son Emp. Otho IV. granted the town important exemptions from customs , and it gradually attained to almost entire independence , while its favourable situation on the great route from Liibeck and Hamburg to S. Germany soon rendered it one of the most important commercial places in the interior of Germany. The town enjoyed its highest prosperity during the latter half of the 14th, and the beginning of the 15th cent., when it was the capital of the Saxon- Westphalian section of the Hanseatic League (p. 171). The finest churches, most of them entirely completed, date from that period. The Brunswickers afterwards eagerly embraced the reformed faith , and as early as 1528 appointed the eminent Reformer Bugenhagen their preacher. With the decline of the Hanseatic League Brunswick fell to decay. After various vicissitudes and internal dissensions during the 16th and 17th centuries , the town at length succumbed to the power of the dukes in 1671. It has been the ducal residence since 1753, except during the brief period of the French supremacy (1806-13). Duke Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick, distinguished when heir-apparent to the Duchy as an officer under Frederick the Great , was <;ommander-in-chief of the Prussian army in 1806, and the same year ■ Sehill-Denkmal Warner & Debes, Leipzig’ St. Martin's Chunk. BRUNSWICK. 11. Route. 115 (14th Oct.) was mortally wounded at the battle of Auerstadt (near Jena). He died on 7th Nov., 1807, at Ottensen, near Altona. After the peace of Tilsit the duchy was annexed to the ‘Kingdom of Westphalia 1 . The last duke's youngest son Frederick William , entitled Duke of Brunswick-Oels from his Silesian principality of Oels , and in 1806 major-general in the Prussian army, raised a corps of 1500 volunteers (remarkable for their black uniform) in 1809 , with which he aided the Austrians in Saxony and Bohemia. After the armistice concluded between the French and Austrians at Znaim, the Duke with his intrepid black band proceeded by Halle, Halberstadt, and Brunswick, where he repulsed the Westphalian troops, to Bremen, embarked near Elsfleth, and arrived safely in England. He then sailed for Spain, where his corps again greatly distinguished itself, and in 1813 returned to Germany to enter on his duties as prince of Brunswick. In 1815 he took part in the campaign in the Netherlands, and on 15th June died a glorious death on the field of Quatre Bras. Like Dantsic and Liibeck, this city of the Guelphs (from whom Queen Victoria and the ex-royal family of Hanover are descended) has exter- nally preserved a marked mediaeval aspect, and occupies an interesting position in the history of art. In pleasing contrast to the large public buildings are numerous fine specimens of Timber Architecture , both of the late-Gothic and the Renaissance period. A peculiar feature of these build- ings is, that the side is turned towards the street, and not the gable end. The *Altstadt-Markt (PI. B, 5), where the Altstadt-Rathhaus, the Church of St. Martin , and several fine old private buildings (e.g. the t Huthaus\ No. 8, of the end of the 17th cent.) are si- tuated, forms the centre of the S.W. quarter of the town, which adjoins the railway-station. The Platz is embellished with a Foun- tain , cast in pewter in 1408, and restored in 1847, hearing texts from Scripture in the Low German dialect. The * Altstadt-Rathhaus (Pi. 1 ; B, 5), consisting of two parts, one 56 ft., the other 62 ft. long, at right angles to each other, is an elegant Gothic edifice, begun about 1250, continued in 1393-96, and completed in 1447-68. Facing the market-place, both stories of both wings have open arcades, on the nine pillars of which are statues of Saxon princes, from Henry the Fowler to Otho the Child and their wives, most of them executed about 1455 by Hans Hesse. The beams suppoi'ting the Gothic roof of the Great Hall (or ‘Dornse 1 ) in the interior are richly carved (restored in 1852). The Small Hall con- tains the picture-gallery of the Brunswick Kunst-Verein , with several mod- ern pictures by Hildebrandt , Lessing , and Kindler , and others chiefly by Brunswick painters. When the town lost its independence in 1671 the Rath- haus was closed, and subsequently opened on the occasion of fairs only. St. Martin’s Church (PI. 22; B, 5), opposite the Rathhaus, ori- ginally a Romanesque basilica, was enlarged in the early-Gothic style in the second half of the 13th cent. ; the Chapel of St. Anne, added on the S.W. side in 1434-38, is of the late-Gothic period; and the retro-choir was built in 1490-1500. The S. and N. facades are re- markable for their rich portals and fine sculpturing ; to the S. is the so-called Priests’ Gate, to the N. the Bridal Portal. The portal in the tower is Romanesque. A tombstone built into the wall at the corner towards the Rathhaus represents the Ensign v. Rauchhaupt in full armour, who fell in the service of the duke during a siege of the town in 1615. In the Interior (sacristan in the house No. 9, to the S.E.) the brazen Font with reliefs of 1441 is of considerable artistic merit. The Pulpit , by 8 * 116 Route 11. BRUNSWICK. Cathedral. O. Rottger , 1617, is adorned with reliefs in marble. Opposite to it is the monument of a burgomaster by Hans Jurgen , the inventor of the spinning- wheel, adorned also with a likeness of himself (1554). High-altar of 1725. Dr. Martin Chemnitz (d. 1586), the theologian, is buried in front of the sacristy. In the streets adjoining the Altstadt-Markt are many handsome old private houses, such as No. 38 Gdrdelinger-Str., and Nos. 15 and 22 Siidklint (PI. B, 4). The new Gymnasium (PI. 13; B, 5), Breite-Str., is also a handsome edifice. Close to the market-place, and opposite the end of the Post-Str., rises the Gewandhaus (PI. 12; B, 5), in the Renaissance style, with the inscription, ‘quod tibi hoc alteri’; the E. gable was constructed by the masters Magnus Klinge and Balzer Kirchner in 1590. No. 5 Post-Str. is a Renais- sance house of 1591; No. 10, Gothic, of 1467. At the corner of the Stein-Str. stands the Synagogue (PI. 40 ; B, 6), built by TJhde in 1875 in the Moorish style. The richly- adorned interior is shown by the custodian of the adjacent school. Nos. 11 and 13 Knochenhauer- Str. are interesting old edifices of 1489, with statues. No. 3 Stein-Str., dating from 1512, is adorned with a curious relief. No. 1 Bank-Platz, formerly the Gymnasium, is a Renaissance edifice of 1591. The Ober-Postdirections-Gebaude , by Raschdorff, is in the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Str. (PI. C, 6). Traversing the Kohlmarkt and the Schuh-Str. , we observe several other handsome dwelling-houses , but the finest building of the kind is No. 5, in the Sack, a little to the N., with burlesque ornamentation, dating probably from 1536. We now reach the Btjrg-Platz (PI. D, 5), in which rises the — ^Cathedral of St. Blasius , or Burgkirche (PL 20 ; D, 5), with a vaulted interior borne by pillars, and a spacious crypt. It was begun in 1172 in the Romanesque style by Henry the Lion, after his return from the Holy Land , and the choir and nave were completed in 1194. The Gothic S. aisle was added in 1344, the N. aisle with its spiral columns in 1469. The towers were burned down in 1195, and have never been rebuilt. The church is now undergoing restoration. "Interior. (The sacristan lives at No. 12, opposite the W. portal; fee for showing the church and the vaults, which require to be lighted, 1-4 pers. 2 m., 5-§ pers. 3 m., 9-12 pers. 4 m.; for the church alone a smaller fee.) Nave. The *Monument of the founder (d. 1195) and his consort Matilda (d. 1189), in the early-Gothic style, probably executed shortly after their death, with life-size recumbent figures in sandstone, is a work of great value in the history of art. Nearer the choir, beneath a brass with a long inscription, reposes Emp. Otho IV. (p. 114). Monument of Duke Lewis Rudolph (d. 1735), in zinc, in the S. aisle. The old mural paintings of the N. aisles are now being restored; those in the nave are new, from the designs of Prof. Essenwein. The Romanesque altar, a slab of marble resting on five columns of metal, in front of the Choir, was presented by the Duchess Matilda in 1188. The seven-branched candelabrum, adorned with quaint monsters, was executed by order of Henry the Lion (pedestal modern). To the right and left of it are Gothic sandstone figures, of the 13th cent,., of Henry the Lion and Bishop Hermann of Hildesheim. The vaulting of the choir and the S. transept is adorned with Romanesque Mural Paintings , representing the history of Christ, dating from about 1224 ; those in the N. transept are modern. In the latter are some wood-carvings of the 15th cent.; the drinking-horn of Henry the Lion (?); an ancient Ducal Museum. BRUNSWICK. 11 . Route . 1 17 crozier ; Gothic monstiances, &c. — The Crypt, with its three apses, partly supported hy buttresses and partly by columns, situated below the choir and the transept, has for centuries been the burial-place of the warlike Guelph princes, nine of whom fell in battle (see p. 121). The oldest sarco- phagus is that (in the entrance-hall) of the Margrave Ekbert II. who was assassinated in 1090 by his own servants ; beside it that of Gertrude (d. 1117), mother-in-law of the emperor Lothaire, and grandmother of Henry the’ Lion. The Cathedral contains a,n admirable peal of bells. In the Burg-Platz, oil the N. side of the cathedral , rises a handsome bronze *Lion (PI. 11; D, 5), on a modern pedestal, erected here in 1166 by Henry the Lion as a symbol of his supre- macy , and restored in 1858. Down to 1486 the Burggrafen, or ducal bailiffs, publicly administered justice here. The old Barracks (PI. 4; D, 4, 5), the S. wing of which was burned down in 1873, occupy the site of the venerable ducal castle of Dankwarderode , dating mainly from the time of Henry the Lion, but restored after a fire in 1254. One of the side-walls, with triple groups of windows and Romanesque columns, has recently been exposed to view. In the Wilhelms-Platz, to the S. of the cathedral, is an old lime- tree, which an incredible tradition dates from the time of Henry the Lion. r lo the E. rises the new Court House , an edifice in the Italian Renaissance style. We next visit the Schloss-Platz (PI. E, 5), in which, in front of the palace, admirable equestrian statues of the dukes Frederick William (PI. 7) by Hahnel, and Charles William Ferdinand (PI. 8), by Ponninger, were erected in 1874. The *Palace (PJ. D, E, 5), erected by K. Th. Ottmer in the Re- naissance style on the site of the ‘Graue Hof’, which was burned down in 1830, and almost entirely rebuilt after the destructive fire of 1865, is a sumptuous modern edifice. The principal facade towards the town is 137 yds. in length and 110 ft. in height. The imposing portal is crowned by a celebrated *Quadriga designed by Rietschel , and executed by Howaldt in copper. The colossal statues of Otho IV. and Otho the Child, and also the group in the pediment are by Bld- ser. The facade at the back is tastefully adapted to its position overlooking the gardens. The interior, which is richly fitted up, is shown on application to the castellan at the portal. The public are permitted to pass through the portal and to visit the gardens. The small Church of St. Magnus (PI. 23; E, 6), at the back of the palace, founded in 1031, dates in its present form from the 13th and 15th cent., and was restored in 1877. The interior contains some interesting wood-carving. The *Ducal Museum (PI. 33 ; D, 4), to the N. of the palace, is reached thence by the Bohlweg. Part of the building was formerly a Pauline monastery. The foundation of the valuable collections it contains was laid by Duke Anton Ulrich of Brunswick- Luneburg , who purchased a number of paintings and works of art during his travels in the middle of the 17th cent., and deposited them in his chateau of Salzdahlum, With these and other materials Duke 118 Route 11. BRUNSWICK. Ducal Museum . Charles I. formed a museum at Brunswick in 1755. After the battle of Jena the finest paintings were taken to Paris and Cassel I , and several hundred were sold by auction in 1811. Most of the former were restored after the conclusion of peace, but many others were afterwards sold privately. In 1859, however, the collection was at length properly organised. The Museum is open from May to Oct. daily, except on festivals, 10-1.30 (on Sun. 11-1}, on Wed. and Sat. 3-5 also; strangers admitted at other times on application to the custodian, Hagenscharn 11. Director, Prof. Biegel. On the Staircase is the design of RietscheVs Quadriga (P- il<)- Room I. Valuable Italian and French * Majolicas of the lbth and lOh cent. , one of the finest collections in Germany , comprising about 1075 specimens, arranged according to the makers. ... Room II. In a cabinet in front (the ‘Neue Schrank ) is preserved the * Mantuan Vase , which fell into the hands of a soldier at the taking ot Mantua in 1630, then came into the possession of Duke Francis Albert ot Sachsen-Lauenburg, and in 1666 into that of the Princes of Brunswick, and has been preserved in the Museum since 1(67. In 1830 it was carried of! bv Duke Charles, but was restored to the Museum on his death in 18<4. It is cut out of a single sardonyx, consisting of five laminse-, the. relief probably represents a spring festival (Demeter with Tnptolemus in the centre). The antiquity of this gem has sometimes been disputed. Othei cabinets contain historical curiosities, such as Luther s doctor s nng , ' the wedding-ring of Catharine von Bora, the seal-ring of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the -Preaching of John the Baptist, an exquisite little relief m Solen- hofen stone, by Diirer (pronounced by Prof. Thausmg to be a clever foi- p-ery by Schweigger). In the centre: Crucifix in ivory by Giovanni da Bo- logna , with reliefs in silver ascribed to Cellini; time-pieces of the 17th and 18th cent. 5 artistic cabinets. Opposite the entrance are portraits ot the princely founders and benefactors of the gallery, by . toni! etc. — The mediaeval objects are arranged at the back of the room . *1. Imperial robe of Otho I., a Sicilian-Moorish work of the beginning of the 13th cent.; 8. Silken cope with embroidery, 15th cent. •, 58. Rune- casket of Irish workmanship, 8th cent. ; 59. Ivory reliquary with reliefs from the life of Christ, 10th cent. (?) •, 104. Church-bell, cast in 1270 tor sHlichaers at Hildesheim; 122-127. Wedding- dishes with oil-pamtmgs, 16th A a dfoi"ig isl^icture Gallery. As in most of the German gal- leries founded in the 17th cent., the Dutch school is best represented ; there are also however, some good specimens of the Italian, such as Adam and Eve by Palma Vecchio (formerly attributed to Giorgione), and Cephalus and Procris, by Guido Rent. - The young man, dressed in black, with a cap on his head (9), by Holbein the Younger xe > a -genuine ; P^ture, but badly preserved. — Like other princely collections , this gallery is abundantly provided with good portraits (by Mierevelt , van Ceulen, Ant. A/or, Frans Floris , and others), the finest being several by A visit to the Brunswick gallery is almost indispensable to the student of the Dutch school. A full-length portrait by Frans Hals (119) , ie warded bv the late M. Burger of Paris , the greatest connoisseur of the Dutch school, as one of the most remarkable works of this master, , is now considered of doubtful genuineness. We become acquainted heie Rembrandt as a painter of religious subjects, such as the Entombment and Risen Christ with Mary Magdalene. These belong to the later period of the master; so also the Head of a warrior, the Family poitiait, and a fine Storm-scene, pronounced by Burger to an insoiration of Shakspeare’; the two portraits (131, 132), as wen as me Philosopher, belong to an earlier period (1631-33). Amongst ^ of Rembrandt’s school are St. Peter in the house of Cornelius by the rare master Bernhard Fabritius , and Abraham einiramnglsMi. Livens. Rembrandt’s influence is strongly traceable m the small picture Ducal Museum. BRUNSWICK. 11. Route. J 19 of the Annunciation, by Adrian van Ostade. The gallery also possesses the Girl with the wine-glass, by Van der Meer of Delft, who, like Frans Hals, has lately come into notice, a work of a very high class, and perhaps the most charming ever executed by the master. Jan Steen's Marriage Contract is also a work of pre - eminent merit. Palamedesz , Molenaer , Metsu , Dirk Hals , and Maes are well represented. I. Gallery. 905. Dirk Hals , Genre-piece*, 824. Steenwyk , Fair at Ant- werp; 651. Vinck-Boons , Church-festival; 638-641, Momper , The Seasons; also still-life, flower, and fruit-pieces; 645. Brueghel , Flower-gathering. II. Gallery, chiefly landscapes : Palma Giovane , 244, 245. Marsyas and Midas, 246. Venus and Adonis; 468. Jordaens , ‘Bean -King 1 ; 770. Els- haimer , Landscape; 692. A. van der Neer , Winter-landscape; 760. Begeyn , Wood with cattle; 700. Ruysdael, Forest-scene ; 701, 702. Ruysdael, Water- falls; 709. J. v. d. Meer van Haarlem , Sand-hills; 650. Rubens , Landscape with Diana hunting; 698, 699. A. v. Everdingen , Norwegian landscape, Mill; 661, 662. Van Dyck , Horse-studies; 781. Aoos,_The animal world. III. Gallery. 572. Molenaer , Dentist ; 458. Rubens , St. Roch and the plague-stricken, a sketch ; 436. K. J. v. Opstal the Younger , ‘Transitoriness 1 ; 448. Pieter Eastman (Rembrandt's master), David in the Temple; 499. Honthorst , Boy and girl*. IV. Gallery. Portraits: 101. Floris , Falconer; 102. Pourbus , Portrait; 103. Rubens , The Spanish general Spinola; 104. Rubens, Portrait; 108, 111. Van Dyck , Portraits; 118. A. Mor, Portrait; 120, 121. M. J. Mierevelt, A Count and Countess of Nassau; 125. Mierevelt , Portrait; 146. Van der Heist, Family-portrait; 147. Van der Heist , Portrait of a girl; 149, 150. Van Ceulen, Portraits ; 159. Schalcken, Man with feathered hat ; 189. Rig and , Princess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte , mother of the Regent Philip of Orleans; 71, 72. Denner, Old man and woman; 158. F. Mieris , Rembrandt's mother (?). V. Large Saloon. 124. Ravesteyn , His own family; 581. Teniers the Younger , Ape-room ; 578. A. van Ostade , Peasant with a snuff-box ; 588. G. Dou , Astronomer ; 612. Netscher , Shepherd and shepherdess ; Don , 589. Old man reading , 587. His own portrait ; 582. Teniers the Younger, Alchemist ; 542. Ph. Wouverman , Ascension ; 540. Ostade , Annunciation to the Shepherds ; 559. Adr. van der Werff, Adam and Eve ; 207. Raoux, Vestals ; 112. Corn, de Vos, The family of Rubens ; 418. Fr. Floris, Mars and Venus; 239. P. Veronese, Baptism of Christ; 200. J. Callot, War scene; 571. Adr. Brouwer, Peasants carousing; 573, 574. Molenaer, Genre scenes; 590. Metsu, Dutch woman; 699. A. van Everdingen, Landscape; 596-98. Pieter Wouverman , Cavalry-pieces; *611. Jan van der Meer van Delft, Girl with a wine-glass. — The — VI. Saloon contains the gems of the collection: 131, 132. Rembrandt, Grotius (?) and his wife , 1631 and 1633 ; 133, 134. Rembrandt , Portraits ; 145. J. v. d. Baen, Count Maurice of Nassau; 155. Gerbr. van den Eeckhout , Portrait ; 174. Caravaggio , Portrait ; 236. Tintoretto , Lute-player ; 304. Domenichino, Venus bathing; 269. Biscaino, Nativity; 262. Schidone, Flight into Egypt; 315. Salvator Rosa, Elevation of the Cross; 307. Guercino , Cain and Abel; 289. Ann. Carracci, Christ on the Mount of Olives; 291. An. Carracci, Shepherd and shepherdess; *225. Palma Vecchio (formerly called Giorgione) , Adam and Eve; 297-302. Albani, Mythological scenes ; 168. Titian, A Venetian lady; *292. Guido Reni, Cephalus and Procris; 290. Ann. Carracci , Mary with the body of Jesus; 515. Livens, Abraham and Isaac; 859. Snyders , Boar-hunt; 546. Berchem, Vertumnus and Pomona; 455. Rubens, Judith ; 475. Diepenbeeck, Entombment; *518. Rembrandt, Christ appears to Mary Magdalene, 1651; 519. Rembrandt (?), A philosopher; 516. Rembrandt, Entombment ; *130. Rembrandt, His own family (of his latest period); 523. S. Koninck, A philosopher; 473. Van Dyck, Virgin and Child; 454. A. Janssens , Tobias with the angel; 465. Jordaens, Adoration of the Shepherds ; 532. Bernhard Fabritius , Peter with Cornelius , 1653 ; 604. Maes, Scholar; *599. Jan Steen, Marriage-contract; 600. Jan Steen, Merry company; 529. Victors, Esther, Hainan, and Ahasuerus; 530. Victors, Samson and Delilah; 531. Victors, The anointing of David; *688. Rembrandt, Land- scape in a storm, probably painted in 1656. 120 Route 11. BRUNSWICK. St. Andrew's. VII. Saloon : 1, 2. Unknown Painter , Man and woman in black furs ; 7. Cranach the Elder , Luther; 9. Holbein the Younger , Portrait; 18. Cranach the Younger , Joh. Bugenbagen; *119. Fr. Hals (?), Portrait; 481. Lairesse , Achilles with the daughters of Lycomedes ; 514. Moeyaert, Calling of St. Matthew; 534. G. van den Eeckhout , Solomon sacrificing to strange gods; 344. German Master , name unknown , about 1500 , Condemnation and mocking of Christ , a triptych from the cathedral ; 348. Cranach the Elder , Hercules and Omphale; 351. Cranach the Younger , Preaching in the wilderness, with the portrait of Melanchthon. A gallery facing the court leads to another series of rooms, fitted up I. Boom. Engravings , changed periodically. Cartoons by R. Henneberg. II. Boom. Ivory Carvings , including some of great artistic merit. Enamels from Limoges , the home of the art of enamelling. Antique and modern Bronzes : Drunken Silenus ; Dog, by Peter Vischer ; Italian powder- horn in embossed copper, 16th century. Antique Vases, Porcelain , Chinese and Japanese Pottery , etc. III. Boom. Germanic Antiquities , chiefly from the collection of Dr. Thiele. The Neustadt-Rathhaus (PI. 34; C, 4), a late-Gothic edifice, sadly disfigured in the 18th cent., a little farther to the W., contains the Town Archives, the Town Library (14,000 vols.; open on Mon. 10-1}, and the Stadtische Museum, a collection of old German ecclesiast- ical and national antiquities, coins, dies, plans, casts, etc. (open on Sun. 11-1, and Thurs. 3-5). The neighbouring Hagenmarkt (PI. D, 3) is embellished with a Fountain Statue of Henry the Lion (PI. 9) by A. Breymann, exe- cuted in bronze by Howaldt, with an early-Gothic pedestal by L. Winter. — Opposite to it rises the Church of St. Catharine (PI. 19, D4; the sacristan lives at No. 3, to the S.), a handsome edifice, containing numerous tombstones of the 16th-18th cent., the finest being that of Count von der Schulenburg, of 1619. The building was begun by Henry the Lion in 1172, and continued in 1252 ; the early-Gothic S. aisle dates from 1379, the choir from about 1500. There are several handsome buildings in the neighbouring Wenden-Str. (thus No. 6, of 1512), in the Fallersleber Str. (No. 6), and in the S. Wilhelm -Str. (No. 95, of 1619, now a public school). . *St. Andrew’s (PI. 17; C, 3) was begun in the transition-style about the year 1200, but the greater part was erected in the late-Gothic style in 1360-1420; the S. tower, built in 1518-32, destroyed by lightning and rebuilt in 1740, is 300 ft. high. The gable of the S. aisle is adorned with curious sculptures of 1401 , representing the Annunciation and the Magi, the Flight into Egypt, and Christ on a throne, on the steps of which cripples of every description are standing. This is an allusion to the tradition that the church was founded by wealthy cripples. The adjoining street still bears the name of Kroppel-Strasse. The chapel-like edifice here was erected in 1418 as the library of St. Andrew’s. — The *Alte Waage (PI. 43), opposite the church, to the S.E., is a handsome late-Gothic timber structure of 1534, restored in 1856. Among the old private houses in this neighbourhood are No. 3 Ileichen-Str. (PI. C, 3, 4), a Re- Theatre . BRUNSWICK. 11. Route. 121 naissance structure of 1630, and No. 9 Langen-Str. (PI. C, 4), dating from 1536, with fine wood-carving. The Briidernkirche, or St. JJLricikirche (PI. 18; C, 4), a large Gothic edifice, completed in 1450, and restored in 1865, contains a late-Gothic font in copper of 1450, with reliefs, borne by four stand- ing figures, and an admirable Gothic winged altar-piece with numer- ous gilded and painted figures, dating from the close of the 14th century. Fine stained glass and choir-stalls. Late-Gothic cloisters. Opposite the church is the Commercial School (PI. 14) , built in 1875 in a Gothic style. The ancient fortifications of the town were levelled in 1797, and their site has since been converted into beautiful ^Promenades. They are adjoined by private gardens and modern dwelling-houses, and bounded by the old moat (‘Umfluthgraben’). In the midst of these, on the S. side of the town, is the Railway Station (PI. C, 6, 7), in the Renaissance style, designed by Th. Ottmer ; to the E. of which are the Waterworks , with a tower commanding a good view. — In the Lessing-Platz rises a *Statue of Lessing (PI. 10 ; D, 6, 7), in bronze, erected in 1853, and designed by Rietschel , who has judi- ciously represented ‘the great thinker and author’ in the costume of his time. The *War Monument in memory of the campaign of 1870-71, in the centre of the Platz, is from a design by Breymann and Dietz , and was erected in 1880. — To the right is the Holland^ sche Garten , to which visitors are admitted. In the vicinity is the Gothic Egidienkirclie (PI. 16), of the 15th cent., now em- ployed for exhibitions of art and industry. Lessing died at No. 12 Egidienmarkt on 15th Feb., 1781. The prettiest part of the Promenades is that between the Augustus- Thor and the theatre. Near the Augustus-Thor rises the Windmuhlenberg , which commands an admirable view of the town. The Monuments-Platz (PI. E, 6) is adorned with an iron Obelisk , 40 ft. in height, erected in 1822 to the memory of dukes Charles William Ferdinand and Frederick William, the heroes of Jena and Quatrebras. At the N. end of the Platz are the Hussars' Bar- racks. The space between the Steinthor and the Fallersleber Thor is occupied by the Ducal Park (open to the public). In the park, on the Steinweg, rises the handsome modern ^Theatre (PI. E, 4), in the circular style, opened in 1861 on the thousandth anniversary of the foundation of the town. (Franz Abt is the band- master of the Opera.) Outside the Fallersleber Thor are the hand- some Infantry Barracks (PI. F, 3), in the Florentine style. Oppo- site is the Botanical Garden (PL E, F, 2, 3), open the whole day except 12-2, closed on Sundays and festivals. — Further on, to- wards the Wendenthor, in the New Promenade, stands the Ducal Polytechnicum (PI. E, 2), a college founded in 1745, and converted into a technical school in 1862. The present building , a Renais- 122 Route 11. BRUNSWICK. Cemeteries. sance edifice with a frontage of 330 ft., was completed in 1877 from the designs of Uhde and Korner. Interior. The vestibule contains two groups by Echtermeyer , represent- ing Art and Science. The staircase is adorned with two ceiling-paintings by Groll of Vienna. — The ground-floor is occupied by extensive collections illustrative of Architecture , Engineering , Mechanics , and Physics (with Gue- ricke’s air-pump and other historical relics), and by a Cabinet of Minerals. — The N. staircase ascends to the * Natural History Collection (Sun. 11-1, Wed. & Sat. 2-4), the ornithological section of which is particularly fine. Beyond the Gaussberg or Anatomieberg (PI. D, 2) rises a *Sta- tue of Karl Fried. Gauss (1777-1855), the great mathematician, by Schaper. Gauss was born at No. 30 in the adjacent N. Wilhelm-Str. The Ducal Hospital (PI. 27; D , 2) , by the Wenden-Thor, founded in 1764 and extended in 1876, contains a good Anatomical Museum. Outside the gate is the Municipal Slaughter House , built by Winter in 1879. An oak enclosed by a railing, near the Petrithor (PI. A, 3), and an iron obelisk at the village "of Oelper , U/2 M. farther, are memorials of the spirited march from the Erzgebirge to the Baltic Sea accomplished by Duke Frederick William of Brunswick in 1809. — Between the Petri-Thor and the Hafen-Thor stands the Municipal Hospital (PI. A, 4), erected in the Gothic style in 1879. Outside the Steinthor (PI. F, 5), ITelmstedter-Str. 7 , is the studio of Professor Howaldt. A column in the neighbouring Exer- cier-Platz is to the memory of General Olfermann , the commander of the Brunswickers at Waterloo after the death of the Duke. To the right of the Helmstedter-Str. lie the Cemeteries (PI. F, 6) of the Domgemeinde and Magnigemeinde (i. e. of the Cathedral and St. Magnus parishes). The grave of Lessing (p. 121) in the latter, near the entrance, is marked by a monument erected in 1874, with a relief-portrait of the poet by Th. Strumpel. At the S.E. corner of a large sandy space, bounded by the ce- meteries on one side and the quarter of St. Leonhard on the other, about 3 / 4 M. from the Steinthor (comp. P1.F,7,8), rises the Monument of S chill, erected in 1837 to that officer and the fourteen sergeants of his corps, who after a brave, but ill-concerted rising against the French were taken prisoners at Stralsund in 1809 and shot on this spot, where their remains are interred (see p. 19S). The small Chapel adjoining the custodian’s house contains memorials of Schill and his period (1809), ‘a year full of glory and disaster’, as it is termed by the inscription ; they consist of his bust , executed by Stigl- mayr in 1839 from the cast taken from his face after death; his sword, pistols, cartridge-case, waistcoat, purse, and his pocket-book, containing the words, written by Queen Louise herself: ‘To the brave Herr von Schill. Kbnigsberg, 21. May, 1808. Louise.’ The chapel also contains por- traits of Archduke Charles, Holer, and the Duke of Brunswick-Oels. Vieweg’s Garten (PL F, 8), in the Campe-Str., contains the grave ot Joachim Campe (d. 1818), the author. About 1 M. beyond the Augustus-Thor (PL D, 7) are situated the ducal chateau of Richmond, erected in 1768, and the villa William’s Castle, a Norman-Gothic edifice of 1830, with beautiful grounds. To the E. of Brunswick, 3 M. from the Steinthor, lies Riddagshausen, with a fine church in the transition-style, once belonging to a Cistercian monastery, and consecrated in 1278. Handsome W. portal. 123 12. From Hanover to Altenbeken. 68 M. Railway in 3*3V4hrs.; fares 9 m., 6 m. 80, 4 m. 50 pf. Hanover , see p. 105. The train crosses the Leine and halts at Linden , the S.W. suburb of Hanover. 7 M. Ronnenberg. At (9 M. ) Weetzen a branch-line diverges to Haste (p. 81). Stations Bennigsen , Eldagsen , Springe , Miinder, Hasperde. 32 M. Hameln (*Thiemann, R., B., & A. 2 4 / 2 ; Sonne; Stadt Bremen ), a town with 9600 inhab., is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Weser , which is crossed here by a suspension- bridge, below the influx of the Hamel. The Munster , dedicated to St. Boniface, is in the transition and early-Gothic style of the 14th cent. , and has a crypt of the 12th century. The town also contains a large number of Renaissance buildings, of which the Ratten- fangerhaus (1642) and the Hochzeitshaus (1610) are the finest. An old legend called the ‘Ratcatcher of Hameln’, made familiar to Eng- lish readers by Browning’s ballad, is probably founded on the fact that most of the young men of the town were taken prisoners or slain at the battle of Sedemunder in 1259, while fighting against the Bishop of Minden. The Klut, a hill on the left bank near the town, once fortified, is a good point of view and a favourite resort (cafes, etc.). Farther up lies Ohr , with a chateau and park. — Steamboat in summer from Hameln to Carlshafen (p. 93). From Hameln to Lohne, 32 M., branch-line in l 1 /* hr., descending the beautiful valley of the Weser (from Hameln upwards to Nordstemmen , see p. 103). 4 M. Fischbeck. P/z M. Ilessisch-Oldendorf ; 5 M. to the N. rises the Paschenburg (p. 81), 4 ! /2 M. to the E. the precipitous Hohenstein (1100 ft.). 15 M. Rinteln (Stadt Bremen ; Stadt Cassel), formerly the capital of the County of Schaumburg, with a stone bridge across the Weser, was the seat of a university from 1619 to 1809. The Paschenburg. mentioned at p. 81, is situated 6 M. to the N. — Diligence from Rinteln to (5 M.) Varenholz , with a chateau of 1595. 18 M. Eisbergen. 25 M. Vlotho (Gotte), a busy town, beautifully situated, with a fine view from the Amthausberg p /2 hr.), on which lies the ruined castle of Ylotho. — 28 ! /2 M. Oeynhausen (p. 79); 32 M. Lohne (p. 79). Beyond Hameln the train crosses the Hamel and the Weser. At (36 M.) Emmerthal it enters the valley of the Emmer; on the hill rises the (3 M.) chateau of Haemelschenburg , an imposing Renais- sance edifice of 1588-1612. 43 M. Pyrmont. — Hotels. Bade-Hotel; Krone, R. & A. 3, B. 1, D. 3 m. ; Lifpescher Hof; Stadt Bremen. — Furnished Apartments to be had in most of the houses of the place ; double-bedded room, 20 m. a week and upwards. — Visitors' Tax 9 m. — The station is at Liigde , 3 A M. distant; tramway to the town. Pyrmont , a pleasant little town in the valley of the Emmer , at the foot of the Bomb erg , with mineral springs which have been known since the middle of the 16th century, was formerly one of the most famous watering-places in Europe, and is still visited by 7000 patients annually. The principal springs are the chalybeate Stahlbrunnen at Pyrmont , and the Salzbrunnen , a saline spring near the station, both with bath-houses. The water has exhilarating and refreshing properties. The Allee , an avenue extending from 124 Route 13. WARBURG. From Warburg the spring to the chateau of Prince Waldeck, flanked with the Cur- saal, theatre,) cafes, and shops, is the principal rendezvous of the visitors. — The Dunsthohle , a cavern filled with carbonic acid gas, produces effects like those of the famous Grotta del Cane near Na- ples. Favourite excursions to the Konigsberg , Friedensthal , the Schellenberg , etc. 50 M. Schieder , with a chateau and park belonging to the Prince of Lippe. 55 M. Steinheim ; 59 M. Bergheim (diligence to Horn and Detmold, see pp. 77-79); 62 M. Sandebeck. 68 M. Altenbeken (see below), the junction of the Westphalian Railway, for Paderborn, Cologne, Kreiensen, etc. From Altenbeken to Warburg, see R. 13; thence to Cassel, see R. 6. 13. From Warburg or Holzminden to Munster. Westphalian Railway. From Warburg, 103 M., in 372-5 3 /4 hrs. (fares 14 m. 30, 9 m. 90, 6 m. 60 pf. 5 express 15 m. 90, 10 m. 70 pf.) ; from Holz- minden, 116 M., in 474-8 hrs. (fares 19 m., 12 m. 60, 8 m. 30 pf.). Warburg (Hotel zum Desenberge ; Todt), an ancient and once powerful Hanseatic town (4300 inhab.), lies picturesquely 011 an eminence on the Diemel. Several interesting Gothic churches. To the left rises a conical hill, surmounted by the ruins of the Desen- berg , which has belonged to the Spiegel family since 1310. Diligence from Warburg (15 M.) twice daily , from Scherfede (p. 85 \ 1372 M.) once daily, and from Niedermarsberg (p. 85 ; 1272 M.) once daily to Arolsen ( Wcildecker Hof), with 2400 inhab., charmingly situated, the seat of Prince Waldeck , with a valuable collection of antiquities from Herculaneum and Pompeii. Rauch (1777-1857), the celebrated sculptor, and Kaulbach (1805-74), the no less distinguished painter, were both born at Arolsen. The Church contains three statuettes in marble by the former. 71/2 M. Bonenburg; 12 M. Willebadessen ; 21 M. Buke. Tho train penetrates the Eggegebirge by a tunnel. 23 M. Altenbeken , junction for Holzminden and for Hanover (R. 12). From Holzminden to Altenbeken. — Holzminden , see p. 85. The train crosses the Weser. On the left bank lies Corvey (see below). 4 M. Hoxter (Schwiete ; Goldschmidt ), a venerable place, once a member of the Hanseatic League, with a Romanesque church (5600 inhab.). At the Brunsberg, 3 M. to the W., Charlemagne overthrew the Saxons in 775. . A double avenue of lime-trees leads from Hoxter to ( 3 / 4 M.) Corvey, once the most celebrated Benedictine abbey in N. Germany, the abbot of which was of princely rank. It was founded in 816 by Louis the Pious, and was the cradle of Christianity in this district. It was suppressed in 1803, and now belongs to the Duke of Ratibor, Prince of Corvey. The castellated building, with its numerous towers, court, and church, forms a large quadrangle. In the library, which is now dispersed, were found in 1514 the first five books of the Annals of Tacitus, which had been believed to be lost. The upper cloisters contain portraits of all the abbots. Pleasant excursion down the Valley of the Weser, on the left bank, to Polle (*Kdnig von Hannover), with a ruined castle j £odenwerder(lva.\ioe)i to Munster. PADERBORN. 13. Route. 125 Kemnade , with an old church containing monuments ; Helilen , with a cha- teau of Count Schulenburg, of the 16th cent.; Qrohnde , with Hcigenohsen and an old chateau opposite ; Ohr (p. 123) ; and Hameln (p. 123) , about 28 M. from Hoxter. Steamboat during the summer. 8 M. Godelheim . At (11 M.) Ottbergen a branch-line diverges to Carlshafen (p. 93) and North eim (p. 103). 17 M. Brdkel (Robrecht ; Meyer), a very ancient little town, with a Roland’s column (p. 133). On a hill in the distance stands Schloss Hinnenburg , at the foot of which rises the Brakel mineral spring. 25 M. Driburg ( Kothe ; Brockmann). About l/ 2 M. to the E. lies Bad Driburg , a little watering-place which has attracted visitors for the last two centuries, in a healthy situation among wooded hills , with powerful chalybeate springs and good baths. The cha- teau of Count Sierstorpff, the owner of the place, contains a col- lection of pictures. Excursions may be made to (li/ 4 M.) the Iburg, (4 M.) Neuenheerse with an old abbey-church, etc. — 30 M. Alten- beken , see above. The Westphalian Railway now crosses the Beeke Valley by a viaduct, 528 yds. in length and 114 ft. in height, beyond which is the Dune Viaduct , 237yds. long, and 84 ft. high. Near the railway is the Bullerborn , a spring , formerly intermittent , at which the exhausted soldiers of Charlemagne quenched their thirst in 772. 34 M. (from Warburg) Paderborn (Loffelmann ; Bentler ; Lenge- Ung) , an ancient town with 13,700 inhab. , where Charlemagne held a diet in 777, has been an episcopal see since 795 and a town since 1200. The Cathedral , in the transition - style , has been repeatedly ravaged by fire ; the W. part , with the handsome tower and the crypt, dates from about 1143, the E. portions from about 1263. The principal *Portal, on the S. side, is adorned with sculptures of New Testament subjects and scenes from German fables of animals. Interior. In the N. transept stands a finely carved, late-Gothic altar of the 15th century. The choir contains the monuments and brasses of several bishops. In the treasury is the silver Reliquary of St. Liborius , a substitute for one carried off by Duke Christian of Brunswick in 1622, of the silver of which he caused dollars to be coined, bearing the inscription, ‘Gottes Freundt, der PfafFen Feindt’ (God’s friend, the priests’ foe). Other valuable objects of art are a portable altar of 1100, two silver chalices of the 12th and 15th cent., and silver statues of SS. Kilian and Liborius, executed in the 14th century. The Cloisters contain numerous tombstones. Above the central window is a curious sculpture representing three hares with three ears only, hut so placed that each appears to possess two of its own. The old and externally insignificant Chapel of St. Bartholomew in the vicinity, erected in 1017 by Italian builders, restored in 1852, contains dome-like vaulting, borne by slender columns. Be- neath the cathedral and on its N. side the Bader takes its rise from 198 springs, which are so copious as to turn seven mills within 200 yards of their source. Hence the name of the town, Bader-Born , SOEST. 126 Route 13. or ‘source of the Pader’. The water is cold in summer, hut in winter so warm as to give off steam. — The Busdorfkirche was originally erected on the model of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem ; the present edifice dates from the 14th century. The choir contains a large Romanesque candelabrum, with seven branches. — The Jesuits' Church was built in the 17th century. The Math - haus of 1473 and 1616, has recently been well restored. The Tnselbad (Curhaus) , with mineral springs , used for vapour and other baths, is 3 A M. from the Paderborn station. From Paderborn a diligence runs several times daily in summer (in winter once daily) to Lippspringe (384 ft. ; Old and New Kurhaus ; Concordia oDen in summer only: Hdtel Wegener , well spoken of-, Kneger ; Bi ack- mann; Rath; Trentmann) , a thriving place of XT ^oSrinhlg kl/„ M to the ISLE. It possesses a thermal spring (70 Fani.), containing PiLws salts discovered in 1832, which is beneficial in the case of compUtats^ 1 and attracts upwards of 2000 visitors annually The waters areused for baths, as well as drinking; there are also rooms for inhaling the steam, a whey-cure establishment, and pleasant groun s. Lippspringe is mentioned in history as the seat of three diets i in the refgn of Charlemagne (776, 880, 882). The sources of the ^^be rts s.s-.-s aetTbsyissa HiSrfes jsa acaavas-H 1310 by the Paderborn Chapter. — From Lippspringe by Schlangen to the Externsteine (p. 79), 9M. 42 M. Salzkotten; 46 M. Geseke. 52 M. Lippstadt (Koppel- maun), a town with 8100 inhab., on the Lippe, which here becomes navigable. The extensive Marienkirche , built in 1189 and 1290, contains fine carved choir - stalls. 58 M. Beninghausen; 64 M. Sassendorf (with valuable salt-works). 66 M. Soest (*Overweg; Vosswinkel), an old town with 13,1UU inhab., in the fertile Soester Borde, lies on a road that was once the great commercial route between Saxony, Westphalia , and the Lower Rhine. It is mentioned in documents as early as the 9th cent and afterwards became a fortified Hanseatic town of such importance that in 1447 it successfully repelled an attach ^ Archbishop of Cologne with 60,000 men. It once possessed the most ancient and excellent municipal code m Ge ™“ y ‘Schraa’d which served as a model to many other towns in the lit S i .. Liibeck. The town 1. MfH *"""’ "omS. L E walls and moats, now converted into promenades. Of the ancient gates the Osthoventhor alone is preserved. The Romanesq MCate- dml founded by Bruno, brother of Otho the Great , in the lUth tent dates in its present form from the 12th cent. ; the mural paintings in the choir were executed about 1100, t, ‘e s ‘ an ‘® d g fl ^ about 1200. The Petrikirche contains paintings ^ascribed to He rich AldegreveT, and several Gothic chalices, lhe nes 0111 ( \ » however is the Gothic *Wiesenkirche (‘St. Mary of the Meadow ), founded in 1314, completed in the following century, and restored since 1850. The picturesque apse should be observed, lhe . a . geftgelo^ 4 Hhome.Emacn , gr apk Aivstklt Von ™ " Hamm/ T DubnenXesel Wagner Sc Debes,Ieip!5ig. MUNSTER. 14. Route. 1 27 contains a fine altar-piece of 1473, with wings, and a curious em- broidered altar-cloth of the beginning of the 14th century with a border of the 15th. The stained glass in the window (15th cent.) over the N. side-entrance represents the Last Supper, at which the Westphalian ham, the staple dish of the country, takes the place of the Paschal lamb. Driiggelte , on the road to Arnsberg (p. 84), 41/2 M. to the S. of Soest, possesses a curious twelve-sided chapel of the middle of the 12th century. The road then traverses the pleasant Arnsberger Wald. From Soest to Arnsberg, 15 M., diligence twice daily. From Soest to Schwerte, 28 M., by the Bergisch-Markisch Railwav. 9 M. Werl , a resort of pilgrims; 14 M. Hemmerde. 18 M. Unna (Deutscher Kaiser ), a town of 7300 inhab., with salt-works, the junction for Hamm and Dortmund (R. 3). Kbnig shorn , s/ 4 M . to the N., is visited for its salt- springs. 22 M. Holzwickede. 28 M. Schwerte , see p. 84. 66 M. Borgeln ; 70 M. Welver, whence a branch-line diverges to Dortmund (p. 75). 81 M. Hamm, see p. 76. 83l/ 2 M. Ermelinghof ; 90 M. Bren- steinfurt ; 94 M. Rinkerode; 98 M. Hiltrup ; 103 M. Munster. 14. Munster. Hotels. *Konig von England, Prinzipal-Markt , R. *Moor- mann; Deutscher Kronprinz; Deutscher Kaiser: Rheinischer Hoe* Renne’s Hotel, Ludgeri-Str. ’ Restaurants. Schmedding (wine), Stienen (beer), both near the Rath- haus ; Railway Restaurant. Munster , situated on the brook Aa , in a flat district, the capital of the Prussian province of Westphalia and headquarters of the 7th Corps d’Armee , with 35,500 inhab., is, like Osnabriick and Paderborn, an episcopal see of great antiquity. In the 13th and 14th cent, it was a prosperous Hanseatic town, and even carried on commerce beyond seas on its own account. At the time of the Reformation it was the scene of the fanatical excesses of the Ana- baptists under Johann of Leyden (1534-35 ; see next page) , and in 1661 it finally succumbed to the episcopal yoke of the warlike Bishop von Galen. In the 18th cent., when Furstenberg, Hemster- huis, the Princess Gallitzin, F. L. Stolberg, and other notabilities resided here, Munster was one of the chief intellectual centres of Germany. Of the university established at this period, the theo- logical and philosophical faculties still exist under the name of an Academy (p. 129). The bishopric was secularised in 1803 and annexed to Prussia. The town still retains many mediaeval characteristics, which are most conspicuous in the Prinzipal-Markt and Roggen-Markt with their arcades picturesque oidgabied houses, the Church of St. Lambert, and the Kathhaus. Besides these Gothic buildings, there are many dwelling-houses ot the Renaissance period, and even those of the 17th cent, present a me- diaeval appearance, with their lofty gables and arcades on the ground- tloors. Amongst the peculiarities of Munster, are the ‘Hofe\ or mansions ot the wealthy nobility ( Romberger Hof , Erbdrosten Hof , and others), some of which are in the rococo style of last century. 128 Route 14. MUNSTER. Rathhaus. To the left as we enter the town from the station, on the Pro- menade, rises the dome of the new Synagogue. A little farther on, also to the left, is the Church of St. Servatius (PL 14; F, 4), erected as a chapel in the Romanesque style in 1197, afterwards enlarged, rebuilt in 1537, and restored in 1854-58, when the stained glass , carved altars , and upper story of the tower were added. The beautiful Gothic *Church of St. Lambert (PI. 10; E, 3), of the latter half of the 14th cent., with its chief portal of the be- ginning of the 15th cent., has recently been restored. The choir contains a line open staircase. On the outside, over the S. portal, the genealogy of Christ. The edifice is characterised by its graceful proportions and bold vaulting. From the S. side of the tower, which is considerably out of the per- pendicular , are suspended the three iron cages in which the bodies of the fanatics John of Leyden , Knipper dolling , and Krechting , the leaders of the Anabaptists , were placed after they had been tortured with red- hot pincers and executed in 1536. Portraits of John of Leyden and his executioner are preserved in the library of the Academy. The Anabaptists, a sect widely spread over Germany and the Nether- lands about the beginning of the Reformation, added at that period to their rejection of infant-baptism a number of other startling and pernicious doctrines. One of their most fanatical adherents was Thomas Munzer, leader of the insurgent peasantry. In Holland they were known, and still exist, under the name of Mennonites, derived from their founder Menno Simons. In 1533 a number of Dutch Anabaptists, headed by John Bock- liold, a tailor from Leyden, and Matthiesen, a baker from Haarlem, settled at Munster , where with the aid of the Pastor Rottmann and Counsellor Knipperdolling they succeeded in establishing their supremacy in the town and in banishing the episcopal party. Bockhold (John of Leyden) was proclaimed king of the ‘New Sion’ in 1534. A reign of terror now began, polygamy was introduced , and many atrocities committed , while famine and pestilence devastated the town. The following year, however, Munster was compelled to capitulate to the bishop and his army, and Bockhold, Knipperdolling, and Krechting, the leaders of the Anabaptists, were cruelly tortured and executed. The *Rathhaus (PI. 20; E, 4), with a beautiful Gothic gable, contains the ‘Friedenssaal’ where the Peace of Westphalia was signed on 24th Oct., 1648. The W. facade dates from the second half of the 14th century. The Large Saloon, in the Gothic style, designed and executed by Salzenberg, was added in 1862, and is adorned with twelve historical por- traits. The Friedenssaal, restored in 1853, contains a picturesque chim- ney-piece of 1577, and portraits of several ambassadors and princes, present at the conclusion of the peace, said to have been painted by Terburg, the well-known Dutch master. Some of the cushions on which they sat still exist. Another chamber contains old armour, etc., and the pincers with which the unfortunate Anabaptists were tortured before their exe- The old Stadtkeller , Prinzipal-Markt 18, a Renaissance edifice with traces of the medieval style (1569-71"), contains the collec- tions of the Kunstverein (PI. 16; E, 4), consisting mainly of early Italian and German paintings. The Westphalian school is sented by Ludger tom Ring ( d. 1547), his son Hermann (d. 1599), and other masters. Ludgerikirche. MUNSTER. Id. Route. 129 The Cathedral (PI. 7; E, 3), begun in 1225 on the site of an earlier building, and consecrated in 1261, was not completed till the next century The altar stands in a pentagonal apse, round which runs an ambulatory. The S. vestibule contains old Roman- esque sculptures and columns. by a ?n ie the “Tof Thf NavTl h des ‘ r ° yed mann of Rome , 1850. Over the P S norfalfh-t \ T , Pieta , b y Ac/iter- 4692. Opposite to it, over the N norm Las f Jud gment in relief, f the lith cent., Frisians offering Su l to St' ?aT Achtermann's "Descent from the Cro N Q n bt ‘ ^ au . Retro-Choir. Anabaptists! «edence-table was used as a draught-hoard by the In the Domplatz is the Episcopal Residence (PI. 3 • D 31 Ad- joining it are the Academy (see p. 127) and the Museum of Eccle- smshcal Antiquities (PI. 18; No. 25), the latter a Romanesque edi- SndL«rrpT’23I rb in ? PP ° Site the cathedra] is the Mandehaus (PI. 23), or Chamber of the Estates ; at the entrance the statues of Armmius and Wittekind. Adjacent, the new Post v^FUrsUnb^ Um\ f yle ' The mo,mment ‘o the minister Ft. V. turstenberg r (d. 1811), an eminent statesman, and founder of the Academy, by Fleige, was erected in 1875 runner ot the The noble Gothic *Iiebfrau e n or Ueberwasser-Kirche (PI 11- P ° ss ® sses a fine unfinished tower of the early part of the 14th cent, (upper part of the 15th cent.). P 6 of the V*!i diUS 6 i, D ’ 4 ^’ 0nce the ch »rch of the Capuchins and Mosfer ’ “ ad ° rned ^ fr6SC0es by ^inle, Settegast! Go,lle •' <"• »- 1170 end extended in i. 2 ^rialT™" whole was judiciously restored in 1856-60 lhe .J Xtz fZXZmZZzi 0 ' *• towers and a Gothic choir of 1451 The chief tow "'l'' 11 three 12th century. The monuments of th»% a * T dates from the (1063-84) and Bishop Erpo (lOoifllRj' w dere ,i 1Sh ° P Frederick Anabaptists, but restored in 1620 and 1768 T\e?h Cra h ed i by ^ SSJ1S2 “ d “ P -S 8 - Near tutto Zn in hegun stored m 1859, tple cent., was re- Baedess^’s Jf T Germany. 7. Edit, 9 130 Route 15. BREMEN. Hotels. Other noteworthy public buildings are the Schoehaus , or old guild-hall of the shoemakers , Alter Fischmarkt 27 ; the Kramer- amthaus, Alter Stein weg 7, renewed about 1620; and the new Prison , containing 360 separate cells. On the S. side of the Neu- Platz are the new Law Courts , and on the W. side is the Schloss (PI. 22; B, 2, 3), formerly the episcopal palace, built in 1767 on the site of the old citadel. It is adorned with allegorical sculptures, and possesses a chapel with an altar-piece by Tischhein. At the hack of the Schloss are pleasant grounds (cafe) and the Botanical Garden (PI. 4) of the Academy. The * Zoological Gar- den , to the S. of the latter, is a favourite place of resort. The fortifications of the town were converted into promenades after the Seven Years’ War, the only relic of them being the Zwinger and the Buddenthurm. — In the promenade at the Ludgerithor rises a Germania (PI. E, 6), in memory of the Franco-German war of 1870-71. 15. From Hanover to Bremen. 76 M. Railway. Express in 274 hrs. (fares 10 m. 20, 7 m. 60 pf.)$ ordinary trains in 374 hrs. (9 m - 19, 6 m. 80, 4 m. 60 pf.). From Hanover to (13 M.) Wunstorf , see p. 81. Country poor, flat, and sandy. In the distance to the W., we observe the Stein- huder Meer , a lake 2 M. in width, on an artificial island in which Count Wilhelm von der Lippe (d. 1777) erected the Wilhelmstein , a small model fortress , where he established a military school. General Scharnhorst (d. 1813) received his first military training here. The fortress is carefully kept up, and contains a collection of cannon and weapons of various kinds. Rehburg , on the W. hank, is a pleasant watering-place, with baths and whey-cure, 2'/ 2 M. to the S. of the small town of the same name. Wilhelmstein is most conveniently visited from Wunstorf by taking the diligence to (6 M.) Hagenburg (once daily), and rowing thence across the lake. — Diligence from Wunstorf to Rehburg (see above), 11 M., tour times daily in summer, in 2^4 brs. Stations Neustadt , Nienburg , Eistrup , and others of no impor- tance. The train crosses the Aller. 54 M. Verden (Hotel Han- nover), with its cathedral destitute of tower, where Charlemagne founded an episcopal see; pop. 7700. Stations Langwedel (junction of the Berlin line, p. 82), Achim , Sebaldsbriick (junction for the Osnabriick line, see p. 136), (76 M.) Bremen. Bremen. Hotels. *Hillmann’s (PI. a; E, 4), -Hotel de l’Europe (PI. b; E, 4), both on the S. side of the Wall-Promenade, with restaurants, R. from 3 m., D. 4 m.; *Grand Hotel du Nord (PI. f ; E, 3), Bahnhof-Str. 14, R. 21 / 2 , D. 272 m. — -Stadt Frankfurt (PL c ; E, 5), Domshof 18, R. 2 m. ; Hotel Siedenburg (PL d; E, 5), Wall 175; Alberti, Bahnhof-Str. 27; Hannoversches Haus (Pl. g; E, 6), Dechanat-Str. 15, near the Osterthor ; Schaper (Pl. h; E, 3), Casper (Pl. k; E, 3), and Bellevue (Pl. 1 ; E, 3), all in the Bahnhof-Str., with restaurants. Restaurants. At the above-named hotels ; Rathskeller (p. 132) ; H ill- mann's Keller (see above) ; Garden of the H6tel du JYord (see above) ; Borsen- 1 .Bank ... 2 . Birrse .... 3 . Borsenhtdle Dentanaler 4* . Gustav Adolph S. Earner . . ft.Olbers 7 . Bolandschde 8 . Gewerbehcais 9 .EunsthaBe . . Kir cite n 11. S^Anscfariv H.Dorw . . . 13. St JoTuamis llc.Liebfrccuew 1 Martini W.St RembertC 17 . Museum 18 . Tost ID . Rathhaus 20. Schibtting 21 . StadtbibliotheJc . StadthcaLS Telegraphy Wa.gn.er & Debcs, Leijiitg-. T>> Tramways . BREMEN. 15. Route. 131 Restaurant, m the Exchange - passage ; * Hasselmann , Seemanns-Str. 15- Rapfs Keller, Wacht-Str. 43, by the Weser Bridge; at the Biirgerpark] see p. loo. — Beer. * Saltzmann , Soge-Str. 4; * Beckroge , Catharinen-Str 15- BorsenhaUe, Domshof; Haake, Wacht-Str.; Kaune, in the Market; Hoppe] Wall lbl. Oabs. Per drive within the city, 1-2 pers. with one horse 50, with two horses 70 pf. ; to the suburbs and Venlo-Hamburg Station 80 pf. or 1 m • Biirgerpark 1 m. or 1 m. 20 pf., Emmasee 1 m. 30 or 1 m. 50 pf • for each additionai person 20 pf. more ; box 30 pf. — By time : for 1-2 pers i/ 4 hr 60 or 80 pf., each additional 1/4 hr. 30 or 40 pf., each additional pers 10 pf Theatre. In winter, Stadttheater (PI. 23). Summer-theatre at the Tivoli Post Office in the Domshaide (PI. E, 5; p. 134); five branch-offices. — Telegraph Office at the post-office. Baths. Hu/eland's River Baths, in the Werder, on the Kleine Weser • Leymann's, near the large bridge. — Warm Baths: *Oeffentliche Bade- anstalt (PI. E, F, 3), on the Weide (Turkish and Russian baths IV2 m warm baths 1 m., swimming-bath 40 pf.). *’ Tramways. 1. From the Heerden-Thor (PI. E , 4) to Horn. 2. The Walle, Bremen, Hastedt, and Hemelingen line, traversing the whole town from the Doventhor (PI. C, 3) on the W. to the Oster-Thor (PI. E F 6) on the E. (via the Faulen-Str., Obern-Str., and the Markt, PI. D 5).’ ’ steamboats from Bremerhaven (p. 135) to London (40 hrs.) and Hull (db hrs.) twice weekly; to New York (North German Lloyd) weekly (of which travellers returning to England may avail themselves as far as Southampton). tt .Consulates British Consul, Mr. William Ward, Am Dobben 28a. United States Consul, Mr. William F. Grinnell , Hutfelter-Str. 40. Custom House. Bremen being a free port, where no customs are lev- ied, travellers’ luggage will be examined on leaving for other parts of Germany. Bremen , the second in importance of the three independent Hanseatic cities, with 105,400 inhab., one of the chief commercial places in N. Germany, lies in a sandy plain on both banks of the Weser, about 37 M. from its influx into the German Ocean. On the right bank is the Altstadt , formerly enclosed by ramparts, round which the Suburbs are situated, and on the left bank the Neustadt, to which the suburb outside the Bunte Thor has been recently added. Many well preserved old buildings testify to the mediaeval importance of the place, while the numerous handsome edifices erected within the last twenty or thirty years, entitle it to a respectable rank among the modern cities of Europe. + , K}® Bishopric of Bremen was founded in 788 by Charlemagne. In •rt 1 V? cent * town 1 in consequence of certain privileges accorded to * tby th u began to flourish as a seaport and a commercial place ; but m the 13-14th cent, the citizens contrived gradually to shake off the archiepiscopal yoke. They joined the Hanseatic League (p. 171), but for a long time kept aloof from its proceedings. In 1285 they were formally excluded from it, and, although admitted again in 1358^ they were afterwards repeatedly expelled. In 1522 Bremen embraced the Re- Th^‘ 1 7 n ’ an u m } 54 1 § allantly repelled an attack by the Imperial army. T Tbe ^t 1Z * en !i bravely .defended themselves against the Swedes also , who «7 ta ! 1 ned Possession of the episcopal see by the Peace of Westphalia, and stoutly maintained the position of Bremen as a free citv of the Em- Br<^nprh a e « t0 7 n cbie fly indebted for its importance to its seaport, Bremerhaven (p. 135), which is entered yearly by upwards of 2000 ses- the^xnorts hi ^ imp0rts amounts to about 500 million, of ueSl about 450 million marks. The staple commodities are tobacco, men° no srp « qp T ’ 07/7° 1 W ? 01 ’ and cotton - In 1878 the merchants of Bre- men possessed 274 seagoing vessels, including 60 steamers. Bremen is 9 * 132 Route 15. BREMEN. Rathhaus. one of the principal starting-points of German emigrants to America, many thousands of whom quit their Fatherland by this port every year (in the years 1832-78: 1 ,518, OCX) ; in 1878 : 21,480). The * Promenades, or Wall-Anlagen, laid out on the old ram- parts , and separating the old town from the suburbs, constitute the principal ornament of the city. The picturesque groups of trees, the broad moats, the windmills, recalling Dutch scenery, and the rich vegetation of the opposite bank, on which rise a number of handsome residences, present a succession of pleasing pictures. The moat is crossed by six bridges, named after the old gates. Nearest the station is the Heerden-Thor (PI. E, 4), where the two principal hotels are situated, and further W. the Ansgarii- Thor (PI. D, 4). In the promenades, not far from the former, is a Marble Vase with reliefs by Steinhauser , representing the so-called ‘Klosterochsen- zug’, which formerly took place here annually. • — Near the Ansgarii- Thor is a * Monument to the memory of the natives of Bremen who fell in 1870-71, completed in 1875 (PI. D, 3). On a round granite pedestal , bearing the names (58 in number) , rises an admirably conceived bronze figure of a victorious young warrior ; the bronze relief represents the battle of Sedan. — The Kaiser- Strasse, con- structed in 1874, leads from the Ansgarii-Thor to the Kaiserbrucke (p. 135). — The principal business part of Bremen consists of the three squares, the Domshof, Domshaide, and the Market, situated near each other in the Altstadt ; from the market diverge also the two principal streets, the Langen-Str., containing several buildings of the 16th cent., and the Obern-Str. In the *Market-Place (PI. D, 5) are situated the Rathhaus, the Exchange, the ‘Schiitting’, and several handsome old dwelling- houses. The * Rathhaus (PI. 19), in its main features a Gothic build- ing. was erected in 1405-10; at a late period of the Renaissance a new facade was added, resting on twelve Doric columns, and remark- able for its richly decora ed bow-window and handsome gable. The sixteen statues between the windows are mediaeval^ those to- wards the market represent the Emperor and the seven Electors. Traversing the lower corridor, we ascend a winding wooden stair- case to the Great Hall, which is always open to the public (about 49 yds. long 15 yds. wide, and recently handsomely restored). On the ceiling are medallion - portraits of German emperors from Charlemagne to Sigis- mund. The stained - glass windows contain names and armorial bearings of counsellors of Bremen. In a corner of the hall stands a -Statue of Smidt (d. 1857), burgomaster of Bremen, in Carrara marble, by Steinhauser. The Giildenkammer , where the women formerly assembled on the occasion of grand processions, is approached by a finely carved old staircase. On the W. side is the entrance to the celebrated Rathskeller, lately considerably enlarged and adorned with admirable v Frescoes by Fitger. The cellar, which contains Rhine and Moselle wines exclusively, is open daily till 10.30 p.m. (on Sundays not before 3 p.m.). Wine may be pur- chased by the glass or bottle; oysters and various cold viands are also supplied. The oldest casks are the ‘Rose 1 (dating from 16--4) and the ‘Twelve Apostles 1 , which are kept in another part of the cellar, and are shown to the curious. The ‘Rose’ derives its name from a large rose painted Cathedral. BREMEN. 15. Route. 133 on the ceiling, beneath which the magistrates are said in ancient times to have held their most important meetings, such deliberations ‘ sub rosa 1 being kept profoundly secret. Travellers versed in German literature will easily recognise several of the ‘dramatis personee 1 in Hauff's ‘Phan- tasien im Bremer Rathhauskeller’, to which some of the frescoes also In front of the Rathhaus stands the *Roland (PI. 7), a colossal figure in stone, 18 ft. in height, erected in 1412 on the site of an earlier figure of wood, a symbol of free commercial intercourse and supreme criminal jurisdiction, and the palladium of civic liberty. In his left hand the giant hears a shield with the imperial eagle, and a naked sword in his right, while the head and hand of a criminal at his feet are emblematical of the extent of the munici- pal jurisdiction. On the S.E. side of the market rises the ^Exchange (PI. 2- D E, 5), designed by H. Muller , and completed in 1864, an imposing edifice in the Gothic style. The W . facade is adorned with six figures emblematical of the different branches of commerce and manufac- ture. At the N. portal, on the left Fortune, on the right Prudence. The handsome *Hall , with a coffered ceiling, and richly decorated with gilding, has double aisles supported by twelve columns. A mural painting by Janssen represents the colonisation of the Baltic provinces by the Hanseatic League. Opposite rises a figure repre- senting Brema, by Kropp. Business-hour 1 o’clock, c Exchange , and S. of the Rathhaus, is the Schutting (PL 20), or Chamber of Commerce , erected in 1538-94. To the N. W. is the Liebfrauenkirche (PI. 14), dating from the 12th and loth cent., recently restored on the side facing the market The modern Stadthaus (PI. 22) adjoins the Rathhaus on the N.E.* side. Th e *C at he dr al (PI. 12; E, 5), a Romanesque edifice with double choir, the main parts of which belong to the original building , was begun in the 11th cent, and greatly altered in the 13th. The N aisle, which is of equal height with the nave, was added in the lbth cent. The principal facade was greatly disfigured by the fall- ing of the S. tower in 1638, the ruins of which were exposed by the removal of a neighbouring house in 1876. Interior (entered through the house of the sacristan, Sand- OmrJ h T S been resto . red and fitted up for Protestant worship. Admirable Gh? i 1 ^ J ,! 1 are fine reliefs datin g from 1500, representing Wlllebad with the mod el of the cathedral, bishops, and Wlth “ ode rn stained -glass portraits of Luther and k p’hT executed at Nuremberg. Rococo Pulpit , presented f C ^ riSt l r ll ° f Sweden - In the low S. Aisle is a Font, in h J 7 °™ ° f th f Hth century. A few steps here descend into the fnn \*J- U (1, e ' , lead - cell . ar , where the lead for the roof was melted), which contams several mummies, the oldest having been 400, the most recent m undeca y ed condition. This vault still possesses the pro- 5®J3 of preventing decomposition, a proof of which is afforded by the dried poultry suspended in it some years ago. In the Domshof (PI. E, 5), an extensive Platz on the N. side of the cathedral, is the Museum (PI. 17), beautifully decorated in the interior, and dedicated to social purposes. — The neighbouring 134 Route 15. BREMEN. Kunsthalle . Rutenhof , a private edifice erected in 1875, contains in the court (open to the public) a frieze, painted by Fitger with frescoes from German history. — In the vicinity, between the Katharinen-Str. and the Soge-Str., is the Stadt-Bibliothek (PL 21 ; 70,000 vols. ; open daily, 11-1, on Wed. 3-5 also). Adjoining the S. tower of the cathedral, at the hack, is the Gothic building of the Kunstlerverein (artists’ association ; PL 10), recently enlarged. The upper floor of the new wing (entrance ad- joining the cathedral; open Sun., Tues., Thurs., 11-1) contains the Natural History Collection of the above-mentioned Museum, which is specially rich in its ornithological department. The Domshaide is adorned with a Statue of Gustavus Adolphus (PI 4- E 5), designed by the Swedish sculptor Fogelberg, and cast in bronze’ at Munich. It was destined for Gothenburg, but the vessel in which it was conveyed having been wrecked , the statue was rescued by boatmen of Heligoland , purchased by merchants of Bremen, and presented to their native city in 1856. — The hand- some new Post Office , in the Renaissance style, stands here. Be- yond it is the Hauptschule. The Roman Catholic Johanniskirche (Pl. 13; E, 6) is a lofty edifice, with a nave 60 ft. in height, borne by eight slender col- umns ; it contains some fine stained glass. Near the Osterthor, in the Wall- Anlagen , is situated the Kunsthalle (PL 9; E, F, 6), containing pictures, chiefly modern, a few sculptures, and a good collection of drawings by Diirer, old. en- gravings, woodcuts, etc. (admission daily on payment of a fee). Ground Floor. *Leutze , Washington’s passage of the Delaware; on the right a number of sculptures in marble and casts by and others. — Staircase. * Stake's cartoons of two frescoes at Stolzen feis • King John of Bohemia at the battle of Crecy, and Emp. Frederick II. receivinghis bride Isabella of England. - First Floor. Stemhauser, Psyche, Pandora, sculptures in marble ; Saal, The midnight-sun in Norway: i £ qeburt Departure of the Salzburg Protestants; Zimmermann , Forest see , A. Achenbach , Westphalian mill; Meyer of Bremen , Pemtent daughter ; Bamberger English coast near Hastings; Gude , A coast-scene in No y , "If swiss mountains; Ritter , The son’s last letter ; ™e uassaee to Alsen. Also several Dutch, early German, and Italian works , Backgammon players, by Terburg ; sea-pieces by Gruyter and Koekkoek. Amongst the sculptures: Violin-player, Mignon, etc., by Stemhauser. The Altmannshohe (Pl. E, 6), at the S. end of the promenades, affords a pleasant view of the busy Weser and the Neustadt; op- posite lie the water-works of the town. Near the War Monument is a bust of Altmann. — In the Promenades to the N of the Kunsthalle, rises the marble *Statue of Olbers ^ d. 1840; Pl. b), a distinguished physician and astronomer, by Stemhauser. The new quarters of the town outside the Osterthor and Bischofs- thor (Pl. E, F, 5, 6), and the Osterdeich on the banks of the Weser fPl. F, G, 7), contain many handsome private houses. The modern Gothic Rembertikirche (Pl. 16 ; F, 4), built in 1870, is al ^o noticeable. The Ansgariikirche (Pl. 11; D, 4), erected in 1229- , w GEESTEMUNDE. 1 5. Route. 1 35 an altar-piece by Tischbein, bas been recently restored and adorned with stained glass windows. The tower, 357 ft. in height, com- mands an extensive view. Opposite the W. portal is a group in sandstone by Steinhauser , representing St. Ansgarius , the apostle of the north, and first archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg (d. 865), in the act of releasing a heathen boy from the yoke of pagan- ism. — Beyond it is the Gewerbehaus (PI. 8), erected in 1619 as a guild-hall of the cloth-merchants, with a well-preserved Renaissance facade in sandstone. The interior is restored, and has been em- ployed for commercial purposes since 1863. — The new Gewerbe- Bank , in the Kaiser-Str., was built by Rauschenberg. Several Bridges connect the Altstadt on the right with theNeu- stadt on the left bank of the Weser. In the centre of the town the Grosse Briicke (PI. D, 6) crosses from the Wachtstrasse to the Wer- der, from which a smaller bridge crosses the Kleine Weser to the Neustadt. Below the Werder is the recently finished Kaiser- Brucke (PI. C, 4, 5), which connects the Kaiser-Strasse (p. 132) with the Grosse Allee in the Neustadt. — At the lower (W.) end of the town the river is crossed by the Railway Bridge (PI. A, 3, 4; p. 140), which is also available for foot-passengers. To the N.E. of the town, about t/ 4 M. from the principal Rail- way Station, is situated the Burgerpark (PI. F, G, H, 1, 2), laid out since 1866, and now a favourite resort, especially on evenings when concerts are given (Restaurant). From Bremen to Geestemunde and Bremerhaven. 3872 M. Railway to Geestemunde in R /2 hr. (fares 5 m., 3 m. 80, 2 m. 50 pf.). Steamboat in 5 hrs. (fares 3 m., 2 m.). Compare Map, p. 160. 4 M. Oslebshausen (to the right the new prison of Bremen) ; 7 M. Burg-Lesum (branch-line to Vegesack in l/ 4 hr*)? 13 M. Oster- holz-Scharmbeck ; 26 M. Stubben. 38 l / 2 M. Geestemunde (* Hotel Hannover , opposite the quay of the Norderney and Heligoland steamers ; Meyer , at the upper end of the town ; Wehring , at the station), situated on the left bank of the Geeste, at its influx into the Weser, was founded by the Ha- noverian government as a rival of Bremerhaven. Pop. 3400. The harbour, completed in 1863, has excellent magazines and cranes, and there is a separate harbour for petroleum. On the opposite bank of the Geeste lies — Bremerhaven ( Beer mannas Hotel , Steinhoff's , and Lohrs , all in the market-place ; Winter s, on the quay) , the prosperous seaport of Bremen, founded by the advice of the burgomaster Smidt (p. 132) on a small piece of land purchased from Hanover in 1827 , and en- larged by later treaties with Hanover and Prussia. It is now a rapidly increasing town with 12,500 inhab. and extensive shipping traffic. The Docks are commodious and well organised, and, in practical arrangement, equal to those of Antwerp. Close to the two old docks, 136 Route 16. LENGERICH. From Cologne completed in 1830 and 1851 , a third dock, on a very large scale, was constructed in 1872 - 76 . A visit may be paid to the extensive work-shops a.nd dry-docks of the Norddeutsche Lloyd } and also to one of the large Transatlantic steamers usually lying here (tickets at the Lloyd Office). The Lighthouse commands a good survey of the environs. The ‘time-ball’ falls at noon by Bremerhaven time, and 24 min. later falls again at noon by Greenwich time. The lofty open spire of the modern Gothic church is a conspicuous object for miles around. 16. From Cologne to Bremen and Hamburg by Munster. From Munster to Emden. Railway to (101 M.) Munster in 3 3 /4 5 ] /2 hrs. (fares 13 m . 20, 9 m 20, 6 m. 70 pf. ; express 14 in. 10, 10 m. 60 pf.) * to (207 M) Bremen m 740V* hrs, (fares 26 m. 40, 19 m. 80, 13 m. 30 p f.\ express 30 m. 20, 22 m. 60, 15 m. 70 pf.) : to (278 M.) Hamburg , express m 9V2-10 l /2 dir. (fares 41 m. 50, 30 m. 90 pf.). — From Cologne to (212 M.) Emden in 12 hrs. (fares 20 m. 90, 18 m. 90, 12 m. 90 pf.). From Cologne to (45 M.) Oberhausen and (59 M.) Wcmne , see R. 3. The Hamburg line here diverges to the N. from the Minden railway. Beyond (66 M.) Recklinghausen the train crosses the Lippe. 75 M. Haltern is the junction for the Hamburg and Flushing line. 82 M. Dulmen , the junction for the Dortmund, Gronau (60 M.), and Enschede line. 90 M. Appelhulsen . 101 M. Munster, seep. 127. From Munster to Emden , see p. 137; to Hamm , p. 127. Another railway leads from Munster to Burgsteinfurt and (35 M.) Gronau. The train crosses the Ems. 108 M. Westbevern; 116 M. Fatten - venne ; 120 M. Lengerich , on the N.W. spurs of the Teutoburgian Forest. Tunnel, 820 yds. long. m 0 , Diligence from Lengerich twice daily to (4 M.) TecJclenburg (Steinert; ♦Rest. Felsengrotte), a small town with a ruined chateau. -- Iburg(Lnn), 6 M to the E. of Tecklenburg and 9 x /2 M. to the 8. of Osnabruck, is another favourite resort of the Osnabruckers. It possesses an oid episco- pal chateau and Benedictine abbey. Fine view from the neighbouring Dorenberg. u n 126 M. Hassbergen , whence diverges a short branch to the Georg- Marien-Hutte. 130 M. Osnabruck, see p. 104. The line here crosses the Ha- nover and Rheine line (p. 104). — 138 M. Vehrte; 147 M. Bohmte. About 3 M. to the S. of Bohmte are the small saline baths of Essen (Siek), lying amid the woods at the base of the low Siintel Hills. Hence to Ostenwalde (p. 105), 9 M. c 154 M Lem for de , to the W. of which lies the Dummer see, abounding in fish. 174 M. Barnstorf ; 182 M. Twistringen , a straw- plaiting place, with a new Gothic church; 187 M. Bassum; 193 M. Syke; 198 M. Kirchweyhe. The train now crosses the Weser by a hand- some iron bridge. 203 M. Hemelingen (tor Sebaldsbriick , p. 130). 207 Bremen, see p. 130. to Hamburg. EMDEN. 16. Route . 137 Stations Oberneuland 1 Sagehorn , Ottersberg , (233 M.)ifoten6wrp, Lauenbruck , Tostedt. At (259 M.) Buchholz a branch diverges to Liineburg (24 M. ; p. 143). 271 M. Harburg , see p. 143. — 278 M. Hamburg, see p. 144. From Munster to Emden. Ill M. Railway in 4-5 3 /4 hrs.; fares 14 m. 80, 10 m. TO, T m. 20 pf. Munster , see p. 127. Flat, moorland country. 9 M. Greven ; 16 M. Emsdetten. 24M. Rheine (*Rail. Restaurant; * Hotel Schulze, in the town), a busy cotton - manufacturing town on the Ems , with a fine old Gothic church, is the junction of the line to Osnabriick and Han- over (p. 104). 50'/2 M. Salzbergen is the junction for Arnheim - Rotterdam and for Amsterdam (comp. p. 104). 44 M. Lingen ; 56 M. Meppen , near the confluence of the Haase and the Ems. 84 M. Papenburg , the largest settlement on the Hoch-Moor , a marshy district 120 sq. M. in extent, intersected by canals. 90 M. Ihrhove , whence a line diverges to Neuschanz and other places in Holland (see Baedeker's Belgium and Holland'). 95 M. Leer (*Moller; Voogdt ), a busy mercantile place, with 9300 inhab., lies on the Leda , at its union with the Ems, in the most fertile part of Ostfriesland. (Railway to Oldenburg and Bre- men, see R. 18. Steamboats to Norderney, see p. 138.) Ill M. Emden (*Goldne Sonne ; * Weisses Haus , near the steam- boat-quay, R. 2 m., B. 1 m. ; Bellevue , Heereris Hotel , both near the station, well spoken of; *Prinz von Preussen ), with 13,000 in- hab., a free town of the Empire down to 1744, formerly situated on the Ems, but now H /2 M. distant from it, is a prosperous, Dutch-looking place, intersected by navigable canals, which are connected with the Ems, and at high tide are 1 1 1/ 2 ft. in depth. The *Rathhaus , a rich Renaissance structure of 1574-76, contains an interesting * Arsenal , where a number of very curious old fire- arms of the Thirty Years’ War are preserved. There are also various French weapons, captured in 1870-71, and presented by the em- peror. The tower commands a good survey of the town and environs (fee 50 pf.). The Grosse Kirche contains the marble monument of Count Enno II. of E. Friesland. The Natural History Museum pos- sesses a fine collection of specimens of amber. The Museum of the Gesellschaft fur Kunst und Alterthum contains a very creditable collection of pictures, coins, and curiosities Emden is a good starting-point for the islands of Norderney and Borkum (pp. 138, 140). Diligence from Emden three times a day to (16 M.) Aurich ( Deutsches Haus; * Piqueurhof), the principal town of E. Friesland, pleasantly situated. The Landscha/tssaal and the governor’s house contain portraits of the former princes of the country. Handsome chateau. 138 17. The East-Frisian Islands. Norderney. Borkum. Comp. Map , p. 160 . From Geestemunde (Bremerhaven) to Norderney a steamer in summer three times a week in 6-7 hrs., fare Dm., return-ticket 15 m. — From Wil- hklms haven to Norderney a steamer in summer three times a week (Tues., Thurs., Sat.) in 6 hrs. — From Emden to Norderney a steamer daily in summer in 4-5 hrs. (fare 8, return 12 m. ; starting three times a week from Leer, p. 137 ; in 6-7 hrs. ; same fares). Norderney may also be reached from Emden via Norden. Diligence to Norden three times daily in 3 3 / 4 hrs. (3 m. 10 pf.); also an omnibus. From Norden by omnibus to the coast in Va hr. (50 pf.), and thence by steamboat in 1/2 hr. to Norderney (1 m. 20 or 60 pf. ; also a ferry-boat, 1 m. 60). — From Emden to Borkum a steamer in summer daily in 4-5 hrs. (fare 8, return 12 m.). Return-tickets by all these steamers are available for the whole season. From Geestemunde to Norderney. The steamboat-pier is on the Geeste , */ 2 M. from the railway-station (comp. Map, p. 160). — Wilhelmshaven, see p. 142. The steamer passes the mouth of the Jade and steers through the Watt, a strait with numerous sand- banks, which separates the E. Frisian islands from the mainland, and is passable for carriages at low tide at the S.E. end. It then passes the islands of Wangeroog , Spiekeroog , Langeroog , and Bal - trum, all frequented as sea-bathing places. Wangeroog ( Carstens ; Bramer, D. iy 2 m 0 is the most popular, being visited by about 1000 sea-bathers annually; it may also be reached from Jever (diligence to Carolinensiel in 3y 2 hrs. , and ferry thence in U /2 hr.). From Emden to Norderney (comp. p. 113). The steamer describes a long curve towards the S., and then steers towards the N.W. through the Dollart , a bay of 120 sq. M. in area, formed by an inundation of the Eras in 1277, which occasioned the destruction of a town and numerous villages (comp. Map, p. 160). — Land Route (diligence and omnibus , see above). Norden (Dippel) , a small manufacturing town, 19 M. from Emden, possesses a hand- some church of 1445. Omnibus in 1/2 hr. from Norden to the Nord- deich , whence a steamboat crosses once or twice daily to Norderney at high tide in 4 / 2 hr. Norderney. — Arrival. Carriages are in waiting at the pier (96 yards long) to convey travellers to the Conversationshaus (40 pf. each person). The services of a commissionnaire may then be engaged to facilitate the search for apartments. Luggage is conveyed from the steamer to the lug- gage-sheds at the entrance of the village (for which 50 pf. per 60lbs. is charged), where it is afterwards claimed by its owners. Hotels and Restaurants. *Schuchardt ; "Bellevue ; Deutsches Haus ; Meyer s, small, with good restaurant ; *Borse, moderate; Nordstrand. Table d'hote at these hotels at 1 or 2 o'clock, less expensive than at the Conversationshaus. — At the "Conversationshaus and the *Strandhalle, table d'hote daily at 1 and 3, and at 2 and 3^2 o’clock respectively, at 2V4-4 m. ; suppers a la carte. Apartments are not let at these establish- ments. — Oterndorp^s Restaurant , good , but expensive. Good table d’hote at 2 p.m. in the restaurant of the Bremer Baugesellschaft , 2 m. Private Apartments. The best are those in the Orosse Logirhaus NORDERNEY. 17. Route. 139 and in the new buildings of the Brenner Baugesellschaft (manager, Hr. Bergemann). Room with sea-view 40-50 m. per week. Rooms of modest pretension, but clean, may be hired in most of the streets. A bedroom with one or two beds from 12 m. a week upwards * a suite of 4-6 rooms, kitchen, and servants 1 accommodation, 80-150 m. per week. In most of these apartments breakfast and supper may be had at a moderate charge. Visitors 1 Tax 10 m., 2 pers. 15, 3-4 pers. 20 m., on payment of which tickets are obtainable at the bath-office, 9-12 a.m. and 3-6 p.m., admit- ting the holder to the reading-room, the concerts, and reunions. Bath Tickets (lm. including towels) issued at the bath -office. The inexperienced bather who requires a bath - attendant pRothhosen 1 ) in the water pays l-lV 2 m. a week for his services. — Bathing hours from 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. (tide-tables at the bazaar, 50 pf.). — All these rules and forma- lities and petty payments will probably seem irksome and ridiculous to the vigorous and practised bather, but it must be borne in mind that the visitors are numerous, the space limited, and most of the bathers inexperienced. — At the Warmbadehaus fresh-water, shower, and other baths may be had. Tickets at the bath-office. Physicians. The ‘Sanitatsrath 1 Dr. Fromm ; Dr. Pauls; Dr. Gazert ; Dr. Brinkmann. Post Office, in the Strand-Str. •, Telegraph Office , Strand-Str. 7. Bath , Police , and Enquiry Offices at the old Conversationshaus. Bath Ticket Of- fice in the old Badehaus. Norderney , i.e. 4 northern island’, with 2000 inhab. , about 9 M. long, and 5 broad, is the largest and the most populous of the East Frisian islands, and like the rest of the gro p is sandy and almost entirely destitute of vegetation. The village, which is at present the most frequented of the German sea-bathing places (more than 6000 visitors yearly), lies at the S.W. angle of the is- land and consists of about 400 small one -storied houses, and a number of new villas and lodging-houses. At the S. end of the village is the Conversationshaus , surrounded by grounds, and containing dining, ball, billiard, and reading-rooms, and a theatre. Near it are the Bazaar with its shops, the old and new Warmbadehaus , and the Grosse Logirhaus. Tickets of ad- mission to the Lighthouse , 130 ft. in height, erected in 18 ( 3, are obtained at the bath-oflice (50 pf.). — From the Conversationshaus towards the E. runs the Marien-Strasse 1 commanding a view of the opposite coast and the roads. Along the downs towards the N.W. extends the new Victoria-Strasse , facing the sea. At the end of it is the Strand-Halle , similar to the Conversationshaus, but better fitted up. Farther on is the Kaiser- Sir asse , which also looks towards the sea, and at the end of it are the buildings erected by the Bre- mer Baugesellschaft , or building company. The Beach to the N. of the village is the principal rendezvous of the visitors. The S.W. part is the Damenstrand (from which gentle- men are excluded till 2 p. m.), near the Strandhalle, and separated from it by a slight eminence called the Marienhohe (cafe); the E. part is the Herrenstrand ( ‘Giftbude ’ restaurant), near which is the Georgshohe , commanding a pleasant view. The island is bounded on three sides by Dilnen , or sandhills, 30-50 ft. in height, formed by the action of the wind , partly overgrown with the peculiar '■HelmC grass , and presenting a barrier to the encroachments of the sea. The island, however, has frequently suffered seriously from 140 Route 17. BORKUM. storms , and bulwarks of masonry have therefore been constructed for its additional protection. At the S.E. end of the village, towards the mainland, is the Schcmze , an mtrenchment thrown up by the French in 1811 , now converted into pleasure-grounds, which are much frequented in hot weather. The ‘ Rup - pertsburger Kamp\ a small grove of alders, encircling an eminence 3 / 4 M. farther to the E., may also be visited. At the E. end of the island, 3 M. farther, is the Weisse Dune a hill of white sand, affording an extensive prospect. Pleasure-boats may be hired in the afternoon on the Damenstrand at 50 pf. for each person, or 3 m. per hour. From Emden to Borkum (comp. p. 137> Steamer, see p. 138. Compare the Map, p. 160. Landing on the S. and E. coast of the island is uncomfortable. Passengers are transferred to small boats and rowed to the ‘Watt’, from which they are taken ashore in carriages. Borkum , situated at the mouth of the Ems , 9 M. from the Dutch coast and between the channels called the Ooster Ems and Wester Ems , is the westernmost of the E. Frisian islands. It is 5 M. long and 2y 2 M. broad, and consists of the Ostland and West- land. It possesses pleasant green pastures, which support an ex- cellent breed of milch cattle. The island is visited by about 1500- 2000 sea-bathers annually. Tolerable apartments may be procured for 6-18 m. per week, and there are three inns [Bakker Senior; Kohler , with the post-office; Bakker Junior ). Excellent beach for bathing , 3 / 4 M. from the village , but suitable at high tide only. There is also an establishment with warm baths. In the village is an old lighthouse, 153 ft. in height, and near it a new one, 40 ft. higher. — The E. side of Borkum and the Dutch island of Rottum are the haunt of thousands of sea-fowl, which breed here. 18. From Bremen to Oldenburg and Emden. 77 M. Railway from Bremen to Oldenburg in O /4 lir. (fares 3 m. 50, 2 m. 10, 1 m. 40 pf.); from Oldenburg to Leer in IV 4 -IV 2 hr. (fares 4 m., 2 m. 40, 1 m. 60 pf.) ; from Leer to Emden in V 2 - 3 A hr. (fares 2 m. 10, 1 m. 60 pf., 1 m.). Bremen , see p. 130. The train crosses the Weser by the rail- way-bridge mentioned at p. 135, and halts at Bremen-Neustadt. 9 M. Delmenhorst, the first place in the Duchy of Oldenburg; 16 M. Hude , with a picturesque ruined monastery, dating from 1236. Branch -line to Brake and Nordenhamm. 27 M. Oldenburg (* Hotel de Russie; *Erbgrossherzog ; Neues Haus , beer ; Budjadinger Hof; Kronprinz , near the station, unpre- tending; Thalen’s Restaurant, TheaterwallJ, the capital of the Grand Duchy of that name , is a quiet and pleasant town on the Hunte , with 18,000 inhab., surrounded by handsome avenues and modern dwelling-houses, which have superseded the old ramparts. In the market-place is the old Rathhaus. The grand-ducal Palace, near the centre of the town, erected in the 17th and 18th cent. , contains some modern pictures (by OLDENBURG. 18. Route. 141 Willers , Tischbein , Riedel , Kretzschmer , Lot , Preller , Fer- boeckhoven , etc,), a few sculptures, a library of more than 50,000 yols., and a considerable collection of engravings and coins. Oppo- site the palace are the Ducal Stables ; behind it is the Collection of Germanic Antiquities. — To the E., between the Hunte and the Garten-Strasse, lies the Palace Garden. Crossing the Hunte and pursuing a straight direction, we observe the Palais, the residence of the Grand Duke, on the left, which also contains a number of good modern pictures. — A few hundred steps further, to the S., we reach the Public Library, containing about 100,000 vols. and MSS. On the ground-floor are the grand- ducal archives. Adjacent is the new Museum , a Renaissance edi- fice, containing extensive ornithological, geological, and botanical collections (fee). To the right of the palace rises the *Augusteum, a handsome edifice in the late-Renaissance style, containing the valuable grand- ducal picture-gallery of old masters (adm. daily 11-2, Sun. 12-2). The nucleus of the gallery was formed by a collection of 85 pictures purchased from Tischbein the painter in 1804. It now consists of about 300 works. Good catalogue. Tbe staircase is adorned with frescoes by Griepenkerl , representing the development of art in antiquity, the middle ages, the Renaissance, and modern times. Section I. (by the entrance-door): *37. Boltroffio , Head of a girl; *38. Solario, Herodias ; 31, 32. Gaud. Ferrari , Madonnas; 33. Borgognone , 55. Franc. Francia , Madonnas ; * 30. Lombard School , John the Baptist ; 4. Garofalo , St. Catharine; 17. Pontormo , Portrait of a woman; 7. Fiesole , Madonna. — We now turn to the right and enter Section V.: 130, 129. Te- niers, Peasants ; 115. Van Dyck, Counsellor of Antwerp; 107. Rubens , St. Fran- cis of Assisi; 106. Rubens , Head of a man. — Section VI. : 120, 121. Sny- der s. Poultry; 103. Pourbus the Younger , Bust of a knight; 90. Mabuse , Madonna; 155. Wouverman , Alms; Rembrandt , *169. Landscape, 167. Portrait of a man, 166. Old woman, 170. Old man; 171, 172. F. Bol , Man and woman ; 161-164. Ruysdael , Landscapes. — Section VII. : *139. Lucas van Leyden , Count Etzard I. of E. Friesland; 143. Mierevelt, Bust of a woman; 203. Jan Steen , Party; 202. Honthorst , Tavern; *196. Bakhuysen , Sea- piece; 185. Van der Heist , Portrait of a man; 205. Hondecoeter , Unbidden guests ; 104. Rubens , Prometheus. — Returning to the entrance, we now proceed to the left to Section II.: 87. Zurbaran , Portrait of a man; 88. Murillo , Madonna as the good shepherdess ; 89. Velazquez , Portrait of the Cardinal Infante Fernando. — Section III. : 66. Cariani , The jealous man ; 64, 65. Bellini , Madonnas; 82. P. Veronese , Venus with Cupid, and a young woman; 81. Veronese , Portrait of a lady; *77. P. Bordone , Venetian lady; *71. Moretto , Noble of Bergamo; 68. Seb. del Piombo, Body of Christ with angels; 18. Al. Allori, Bianca Cappello; 70. Lor. Lotto , Cavalier. — Sec- tion IV.: Works by Tischbein and other painters of last century, end sev- eral early German pictures. — An adjoining cabinet contains Plaster Casts. Among the finest new buildings in Oldenburg are the Theatre, the Railway Station, the Gymnasium, and the Commercial School, in front of which last is a bust of Herbart the philosopher (b. at Oldenburg in 1776). Monument in memory of the war of 1870-71. From Oldenburg to Wilhelmshaven, 32*/2 M., railway in l 3 /4 hr. (fares 4 m., 2 m. 40, 1 m. 60 pf.). 8 M. Rastede , once a large Benedictine abbey, founded in 1121, was converted into a chateau in 1550, and is now a sum- mer residence of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg ; line park in the English 142 Route 19. CELLE. From Hanover style. 20 M. Varel ( Hdtel EboU ; Muller), a cheerful little town; at the W. angle of the Jade-Busen, 3 M. to the N., is Dangast , a sea-bathing place with pleasant grounds (300 visitors annually). From ( 24 V 2 M.) Ellen ser-Damm a pleasant drive may be taken to the ‘Urwald’ (there and back, 3 hrs.). From (28 M.) Sande a branch-line runs to (8 M.) Jever in 40 minutes. 32V2 M. "Wilhelmshaven C Hotel Denninghof ; Hempel; Kronprinz; Burg Hohenzollern , near the station, unpretending), the second war-harbour of Germany and chief naval-station on the N. Sea, constructed by the Prus- sians in 1855-69, on the N.W. side of the Jade-Busen. This basin, formed in 1528 by an inundation, is upwards of 60 sq. M. in area, and is con- nected with the N. sea by the Jade , a channel 3 M. wide. The Entrance to the harbour, protected by piers 120 yds. long, is se- parated by a huge dock-gate from the Outer Harbour; a second gate and a canal then lead to the Inner Harbour (400 yds. by 240 yds.). Connected with the latter are three dry docks and two slips for the construction of iron-clads. The dockyard, which is enclosed by a lofty wall , is not shown with- out a ticket of admission from the naval office (50 pf.). In this inner harbour lie all the vessels on the North-sea station which are not on ser- vice, chiefly large iron-clads. — Another entrance to the harbour from the S., and a torpedo and a commercial harbour, are in course of con- struction. Strong fortifications have been erected at different points for the protection of the whole establishment. — To the N.E. of the town, between two large barracks, is the Observatory , with a time-ball. From Oldenburg to Osnabruck, 6972 M. , in 3 hrs. (fares 8 m. 50, 5 m. 10, 3 m. 40 pf.). Unimportant stations. 39 M. Quakenbriick (Rothes Haus) is an industrious little town on the Haase, possessing an old abbey church. Osnabruck , see p. 104. 37 M. Zwischenahn , pleasantly situated on a lake. From (42 M.) Ocholt a branch-line runs to Westerstede. The line intersects the extensive Hochmoor (p. 137). Beyond Augustveen, with large iron- works, the train crosses the Prussian frontier. — 52^2 M. Stick- hausen. — 6D/2 Leer, and thence to (77 M.) Emden, see p. 137. 19. From Hanover to Hamburg. 112 M. Railway. Express in 374 hrs. (fares 16 m. 30, 12 m. 25 pf., 8 m.); ordinary trains in 472 hrs. (fares 14 m. 45, 10 m. 90, 7 m. 35 pf.). In the reverse direction travellers undergo a custom-house examination on leaving Hamburg (p. 143). Hanover , see p. 105. — 10 M. Lehrte, the junction of the Ber- lin-Hanover-Cologne (p. 81), Brunswick-Magdeburg (p. 82), and Hildesheim (p. Ill) lines. 15 M. Burgdorf. 26i/ 2 M. Celle (Bockstover's Hotel , R. & B. 3 m.; Hotel de Han- ovre ; Ernst August Hotel), on the Aller, the chief town of the dis- trict, with 18,100 inhab., is the seat of the higher provincial tri- bunal of Hanover. The old Schloss , formerly the residence of the Dukes of Brunswick-Luneburg, is partly late-Gothic in style, and was partly erected in the Renaissance style at the end of the 17th cent, by Giacomo Bolognese, an Italian. It is now restored. The altar-piece of the interesting Chapel is ascribed to Lucas Cranach. The old Parish Church contains the ducal burial-vaults, and that of the Danish queen Caroline Matilda (p. 194). In the ‘French Garden’, outside the town, rises a monument to Queen Caroline Matilda , and in the grounds of the ‘Trift’ is another to A. Thaer , the agriculturist, born at Celle in 1752 (d. 1828). to Hamburg . LUNEBURG. 19. Route. 143 Stations Eschede , Uelzen (junction for the Stendal and Bremen line, p. 82), and Bevensen , beyond which the dreary Lilneburger Haide is traversed. 81 M. Liineburg (*Wellenkamp J s Hotel; Deutsches Haus), an old town with 18,500 inhab., on the navigable Ilmenau , possess- ing salt-works which have long been of some importance, was a prominent member of the Hansa in the middle ages. A number of public, and many handsome private buildings, in the late-Gothic and Renaissance styles, are memorials of the town’s prosperity in the 14th- 16th centuries. On quitting the station, which lies to the E. of the town, and crossing the Ilmenau, we may reach the market either by the Altenbriicker-Thor to the left, or by the Luner-Thor to the right. By the former route we pass the church of *St. John , a Gothic edifice with double aisles, dating from the middle of the 14th cent., with subsequent additions. If we choose the other way we pass the church of St. Nicholas , with a lofty nave, double aisles, and a crypt, dating from 1409. In the Market Place, which is adorned with a fountain of 1530 with a modern basin , rises the Rathhaus, a pile of various buildings dating from the 13th down to the 18th century. The most remarkable part is the so-called l *Laube\ of the 14th cent., with beautiful stained-glass windows, cabinets, and interesting mural decorations (about 1525). Adjoin- ing this is the L Kor-Gemach\ for the election of the mayor, dating from the end of the 15th century. The Fiirstensaal dates from the 16th cent. ; the *Rathsstube , of 1566-83, contains admirable carved work by Albert von Soest, an elaborate gate by H. Ruge of 1576, and other interesting objects. The Town Library numbers 31,000 vols. and several MSS. with beautiful miniatures of the 15th century. The Gymnasium contains natural history and other collections. On the N.W. side of the town stands the church of St. Michael, with a crypt, erected in 1376-1418; it contains the burial-vault of the Guelph-Billung princes. The Kalkberg , a little to the W. of the town, is a good point of view. — About J /2 M. to the N.E. of the Luner-Thor is the Benedictine nunnery of Lune , founded in 1172, a brick building dating from the end of the 14th cent., with many additions of the 18th. In the church is an early-Gothic "Altar-Antependium, with paintings of the 13th century. Branch-Line to Lauenburg , in connection with the railway to Liibeck via Biichen (p. 195). Stations Adendorf , Hohnstorf on the Elbe , with steam- ferry to Lauenburg. — Railway to Wittenberge and Buchholz (Bremen), see pp. 195, 137. Beyond Liineburg the train passes Bardewieck , once the chief commercial town of N. Germany. It was destroyed by Henry the Lion in 1189, and fragments of the vast cathedral now alone remain, in- corporated with a Gothic church (date about 1400). 105 M. Harburg ( *Schwan ; Konig von Schweden; Stadt Lune- burg, second-class), an increasing town with 17,100 inhab., and a busy seaport, junction for the Bremen line (p. 137). — As Ham- 144 Route 20. HAMBURG. Hotels. burg is a free harbour, travellers in the reverse direction must un- dergo custom-house formalities on arrival here. Beyond Harburg the line crosses the Suder-Elbe by an iron bridge, 680 yds. long, traverses the fertile island of Wilhelmsburg , (comp. Map, p. 152), crosses the Norder-Elbe by another bridge, 448 yds. long, and enters the handsome ‘Pariser Bahnhof ’ (PI. G, H, 6) at Hamburg. 112 M. Hamburg (see below). 20. Hamburg. Railway Stations. 1. Pariser Bahnhof (PI. 1 ; G, 5, 6), tor Harburg, Hanover , Bremen , the Rhine , and Holland. — 2. Berliner Bahnhof (PI. 2; G, H, 4), for Berlin, Dresden, and Austria. — 3. Lubecker Bahnhof (PI 3; I, 3, 4), for Liibeck and N. E. Germany. — 4. Altona Station (PI. of Al- tona, A, 6), for Blankenese , Kiel , Schleswig , and Denmark. — There is also a Junction Railway (‘Verbindungsbahn’) between Hamburg and Altona: 17 trains daily from the Berlin Station just mentioned to the Altona Station , 41/2 M., in 25 min. (fnres 50, 35, 25 pf.). The intermediate stations are the Dammthor (PI. D, E, 1), Sternschanze , and Schulterblatt (comp. Map, p. 152). Hotels. The best are on the Alster-Bassin : " Hotel de l’Europe (PI. b ; F, 3), Alsterdamm 39, R. from 3 m., A. 80, B. 1 m. 20 pf., table d’hote at 4 p.m. 3 m.; *Streit’s Hotel (PL a; E. 3), Jungfernstieg 19 $ 'Victoria (PI. c; E, 3), good cuisine, Jungfernstieg 10 (charges at these two, R. from 2-3 m., D., generally at 4 p.m., 3 m., B. 1 m., A. 60-75 pf., L. 1 m.) ; "Hotel St Petersburg (PI. d; E, 3), Jungfernstieg 1, D. 3 m., R. 2y 2 m., A. 75 pf. ; "Kronprinz (PL h; E, 3), Jungfernstieg 8 . — *Belvedere (PL e; F, 3), Alsterdamm 40, 41, R., L., & A. 2-4»/ 2 m., D. 3 m.; "Alster Hotel (PL f; F, 3), Alsterdamm 32, R. & A. 3 m., D. 3 m. ; Hotel de Russie (PL g; E, 3), Jungfernstieg 15; "Moser’s Hotel, on the Kleine Alster (PI. E, 4), at the corner of the Reesendamm and Rathhaus-Markt ; Hotel du Nord, at the corner of the Neue Jungfernstieg and the Gansemarkt (PI. E, 3); charges at the last three: R. from 2, D. 2y 2 , A. 72 m. — Near the Alster-Bassin: *Waterloo Hotel, Dammthor-Str. 14 (Pl. D,E, 2); *Schadendorf’s Hotel, on the promenade (Pl. H, 3), at the corner of the Steindamm and the Grosse Allee, with restaurant. — Hotel Royal, Grosse Bleichen 12; Scheller’s Hotel, Dammthor-Str. 16. — Wiezel’s Hotel at St. Pauli, on the quay, with fine view (Pl. A, 5); Hotel de BaviSre, Am Plan 5; Alte Stadt London, Grosse Bleichen 5; *Zingg’s (Pl. k; E, 4), opposite the Exchange, R. from 2 m., L. 1 m., A. 60 pf., B. 1 m. ; Fischer, Borsenbriicke 6 ; English Hotel, Admiralitats-Str. 2, an English house; Weidenhof, Grosse Burstah 54, with restaurant; Bartel’s, Post-Str. 14; Central Hotel, near the depot of the Zollverein ; Bahnhofs-Hotel, Bergedorfer-Str. 11; *Hoefer’s Hotel, Bahnhofs-Platz 2, R. 172-2 m., B. 1 m; Bheinischer Hof, with cafe, Bahnhof-Str. 11; Grossherzog von Mecklenburg, Schweinemarkt 1-3, the last three near the Berlin station. Restaurants. " Wilkens , Am Plan 10; *Fick , Admiralitats-Str. 2 (in the Eng- lish Hotel, see above), near the harbour, English cookery; *Ehmke, Ganse- markt 50; Liinsmann's Keller , Alsterdamm 39; Spechner , Alster- Arcaden 16; Wiezely see above; Borsen-Bierhaus (Zingg’s Hotel, see above), Grosse Johannis-Str. 9; Todter, Ness , Alte Bankhalle; Figge, Grosse Johannis-Str. 25; Steinbacti’s Keller , corner of the Berg-Str. and Ferdinand-Str. — Oysters. * Utesch , Alsterdamm 42, also good restaurant; Colin, Brodschrangen 7 (sherry and English ale); Iden , Alte Jungfernstieg lc; Zeppenfeld , Alte Jungfernstieg 2; London Tavern (with fine view of the outer harbour), Neale , and Kolbe in the Hafen-Str. at St. Pauli, less expensive. — Beer. * Gebhard , Kleine Backer-Str. 15; at the l Casematte\ Alster- Arcaden 12; * Himmelsleiter , Knochenhauer-Str. 10; * Heitmann, Pferdemarkt ; Bade , Neue- A | B A\LT@NJA\ Geoffraph. An jrtalt Leipzig-. 1 .Arbeitshau-s 'l.Armenhaus 3. Gymnasium iJ’dUzei . . 5 . Post . ft.Rathhazcs . 2 l.Reodschule 6. RetOuuis Ke ter C.5. 9 . StexLer cbir potion, B . B. 6. 10 .Waise/ihaus . . B. C. 6. Kirclien.: B. 6. U.Kccth. X, . . D.5. C. 5. 12J.zcth.Xaupt-K. C.6 B.5. Yi. Mention,. X. .D.E. B.6. 14- . Reform. X. . . D.5. A.6. 15 .StPoadLK. D.6. V B.otels a. . Strdt E.3. b. de VEurape F.3. C.Tictvria. E.3. (L. Peter slnarg E.3. C . Beteedere . F.3. f .ALstertt. F.3. g . deJtussie . . . E.3. . Eravcprirut E.3. i. cieBccriere . . E.4. t. ZinggsE. E.4- 1 .SageTriel's Etabl. D. 2. 1 A m BURG 1 : 22.000 Meter = 1 ^Kilometer 1 . Bahaihof ( Paris er ) 2 .Bahnhof (Berliner) 3 .Bahnhof (Liihecker) 4- . Barth ( hamburger ) 5 . Bazar 6 . BibUothelc ( StacbtJ . 7 . Bdrse 8 . Botcmischer Garten . 9 . Conxrentgarten . . . Denkm aler. 10. Adolph ran Schaumburg 11 . Bilsch 12 . ITeger 13. Rep sold 14 . Elhfwhe 15 .EUrpwrQlorv 16 . Johcm/ieuTW Kir cAen 17 .Anschar-Cap. lH.Iheieiruglceits X. 19. Deutsch- reform. 20 Jingl. bischioffl. . 21 .S? Jacobi 22. StEaBiarina . 23 .Gr.MichaetLs . . 2kJ&.MichxteUs . G. 5.6.. G.H.4 . . T. 3.4. E. 4. . E.3. F. 4. . E.4. . D. 1.2 . D.3. fr. 3 . r.2 . G.4. B.4 . B.5. B.4. F.4 . D.3. ; G.2 . F. 3. . C.4. F.4. F.5. . C.4. D.4. Kir cten . 25 . S^hicolccC 26 . S? Petri ...... 30 . Erankenhtats 31 . Erahkenhaus der Israeliten 32 . EunsOtaRe 33. MarktJbalLe 34 . Naur Israelii. TempeL 35 .PoUz.eC Post. 36 . Postgebaude ( Briefpost) 37 . " » (Fakrpost) 38 .Bathhcats . .. 39 . Rathhaus ( Cm Project ) 46 . SeefakrerJimenhans 41 . Seetiuavnshaits ... 42 . Stadt-WassermufiZe 43 . Stemwarte trot Jarigatumsc Theater 4*4 .Stadttheccter . . . 4-5. Thalia . . 46 . Tivoli .... 47 . Verwaltmge- Gebaude 48 . Wasch- und BadeanstdR 49 . Zoologischer Garten . . 50 . Den/cmal iron Schiller E.4.5. F.4. I. 1. A. 4. 6 . 2 . F.3. C.3. . D.4. E.3. D.3. D. 5. E. 4. P.5. B.5. E.3. B.4. D.E. 2. F. 3. H.3. D.E. 3. G. 4. C.D.l . T.2 X Cabs. HAMBURG. 20. Route. 1 45 wall 72. At St. Pauli, outside the Millernthor: Mutzenbecher , Reeperbahn 100; Leimers , Marien-Str. 32. Culmbach beer at Reeperbahn 69. Concerts at the Conventgarten , Neustadter Fuhlentwiete 59 ; Sagebiel's , Crosse Dreh- bahn, a large establishment. * Concordia, Langereihe 27, at St. Pauli, with garden (symphony-concert on Wed.); Hansa-Saal , Steindamm 6, 7, suburb of St. George. — Cafes. Alster- Pavilion^ Alte Jungfernstieg, conveniently situated ; Sagehorn , Berg-Str. 2 ; at Zingg's Hotel ; at the Dammthor Station of the Junction Railway. Baths in the Elbe. John's Swimming Bath , on the Grasbrook, 30-60 pf. ; Kruger's Swimming Bath , on the Steinwarder (steamboat from St. Pauli every 5 min.); Moller , by the Lombardsbriicke , baths of all kinds. — Warm Baths. Vachez , Grosse Bleichen 36; Cordes , Zeughausmarkt 12; Wilhelmsbad , St. Pauli, Feldstr. 56 ; Turkish Bath (3 m.), Theater-Str. 42, 43. Theatres. Stadt- Theater (PI. 44; p. 151), Dammthor-Str., beginning at 6.30 p.m. ; best seats 4 1 /2-6 m., second boxes 3 m. to 3 m. 90 pf., third 1 m. 80 to 2 m. 10 pf., stalls 2 m. 40 pf. to 3 m. , pit 1 m. 20 to 1 m. 50 pf. — Thalia- Theater (PL 45; p. 149), chietly for comedy, much frequented; first boxes 3 m., second D /2 m., stalls 1 m. 80, pit 75 pf. — Schulze's Theatre at St. Pauli, farces and local pieces. — Damm's Tivoli at the Schulterblatt (see below), outside the Holstenthor, in summer only. — Centralhalle at St. Pauli, for concerts and spectacular pieces. Post Office (PI. 36 ; E, 3), Post-Str. 15, for money, registered, and poste restante letters. Fourteen branch-offices in different parts of the town. — Telegraph Office at the Post Office, Post-Str. 19. Cabs. (The town is divided into four districts : the inner town, the suburb of St. George, St. Pauli, and to the N. the district outside the Dammthor.) Drive within a district, 1-2 pers. 75 pf., for each additional person, 15 pf. — From one district into another, 1-2 persons 90 pf., each ad- ditional person 30 pf. ; into a third district 1 m. 20, and 30 pf. — By time , within the four districts for 1-2 persons, per V 2 hour 90 pf., per hour 1 m. 50, for each additional person, for l /-z hour 15 pf. — Small articles of luggage 8 pf. each ; box 30 pf. — From 10 to 12 p.m. and from 5 to 7 a.m. one half more; from midnight to 5 a.m. double fares. In cases of extortion recourse should be had to the police. Tramways from the Rathhausmarkt (PI. E, 4) to Wandsbeck (p. 152), Barmbeck , Eimsbiittel , Hoheluft , Hamm , Horn , and Rothenburgsort , and from behind the Exchange to Altona , every 5 minutes. A circular line round the Outer Alster is now in course of construction. — There are also numerous Omnibus Lines. — Comp, the Hamburger Coursbuch , with map, by Spiro (30 pf.). Steamboats (comp, advertisements and Spiro’s Coursbuch). 1. On the Alster. Small screw-steamers, leaving the old Jungfernstieg every 5-10 min., touch at the Lombardsbriicke, and then at Alsterglacis , Rabenstrasse , and Eppendorf on the W. bank of the Aussen-Alster, and at St. George (at two places), Uhlenhorst (at three places), and Miihlenkamp (comp. p. 152, and Map) on the E. bank, fares 20-25 pf. — 2. On the Elbe. To Blankenese (p. 153) several times daily; to Harburg (p. 143) 12-14 times, via Altona; to Stade (p. 153) twice daily; to Cuxhaven (p. 154) several times a week; ferry from St. Pauli to the Steinwarder at frequent intervals during the day. (Comp. Plan.) — 3. Deep Sea Steamers. To Heligoland , see p. 153. Communication with European and foreign ports, see advertisements at the Exchange. Consuls. British, Mr. Geo. Annesley , Grosse Drehbahn 53. — Ameri- can, Mr. Geo. Scroggs (Vice and Deputy-Consul, Paul Moller ). Custom House. Hamburg being a free port, where no duties are levied, travellers 1 luggage is liable to examination on leaving it for other parts of Germany. English Church (PI. 20), Zeughausmarkt, near the Millern-Thor ; service at 11 a.m; chaplain, Rev. C. F. Weidemann , M.A., 241 AlJee, Altona. — Congregational Church , Johannisbollwerk, opposite the harbour; services at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. ; pastor, Rev. J. Edwards , B. D. Hamburg, with 274,000 inbab. (or, including tbe suburbs 7 Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 10 146 Route 20. HAMBURG. History. and the adjacent Altona, Wandsheok, etc., 470,000), is the largest of the three free Hanseatic towns of the German Empire, and next to London, Liverpool, and Glasgow, the most important commercial place in Europe. It is advantageously situated on the broad lower Elbe, in which the tide rises twice daily so as to admit of the entrance of vessels of considerable tonnage, and is also connected by railways with every part of Europe. The town consists of the Altstadt and Neustadt , formerly surrounded by fortifications , and the suburbs of St. George ()N.E.) and St. Pauli (_W.), together with a number of adjacent villages. Besides the Elbe, there are two small rivers at Hamburg called the Alster and the Bille. The former, flowing from the N., forms a large basin outside the town, and a smaller one within it, called the Aussen- Alster (p. li>2) and Binnen-Alster (p. 149) respectively, and then intersects the town in two main branches. The Bille comes from the . Both are finally di charged through locks into the canals (Fleete, see p. 147) and branches of the Elbe which flow through the lower part of the town. Nothing certain is known of the origin of Hamburg , but as early as 811 (?) Charlemagne founded a castle here, to which he soon added a church, presided over by a bishop, whose mission was to propagate Chris- tianity in these northern regions. The Counts of Holstein , within whose jurisdiction Hamburg was situated, and particularly Adolph III. and IV. (p. loll, became great benefactors of the town, and procured for it many privileges and immunities which. formed tlie foundation of its subsequent independence. At an early period Hamburg joined the Hanseatic League (p. 171), and in the contest against the Danish kings, who, as successors of the Counts of Holstein were in possession of the land, attained powerful independence. In 1529 the citizens adopted the reformed faith , and at the same time established a free political constitution. Hamburg fortunately remained unaffected by the Thirty Years’ War, and during that period greatly extended her commercial relations, which now embraced the newly discovered continents of America and East India. Dissensions , however, which frequently arose between the Council and the citizens, proved very detrimental to the welfare of the city. Towards the middle of last cen- tury her prosperity began to return, chiefly owing to the establishment ot that direct communication with America, which to this day forms the mainspring of her commercial importance; but at the beginning ot the present century the citizens were doomed to an overwhelming reverse. In 1810 Hamburg was annexed to the French Empire, and the citizens having in 1813 attempted to rebel against the foreign yoke, Davoust wreaked his vengeance on them with unexampled barbarity (p. Ib2). During those years of disaster, from 1806 to 1814, the direct loss sustained by the city is estimated at 240-270 million marks , an enormous sum in proportion to the population and the value of money at that period. After the Peace ol Vienna Hamburg rapidly increased in extent, and notwithstanding the appalling fire which raged from 5th to 8th May, 1842, and destroyed nearly a quarter of the city, and the temporary disasters occasioned by frequently recurring commercial crises, she has never ceased to prosper since she regained her independence. __ . . . _ Down to the beginning of the present century Hamburg enjoyed no inconsiderable reputation in the literary world. In 1678 i the first theatre in Germany for comic operas was founded here; in 1767 Lessing visited Hamburg with a view to assist in the foundation of a national theatre : and the talented Klopstock resided in the Konig-Strasse here from 1774 to 18Ud. Hamburg cannot boast of architectural monuments or scientific or other collections commensurate with its wealth and antiquity. Harbour . HAMBURG. 20. Route . 147 The history of the city, together with the enterprising character of its inhabitants, and partly, likewise, the above-mentioned fire of 1842, sufficiently account for the almost entire disappearance of all relics of the past, and its thoroughly modern aspect. The ^Harbour, where numerous vessels from all quarters of the globe generally lie , presents a busy and picturesque scene. The quays , recently extended, now stretch along the right bank of the Norder-Elbe from Altona to the Billwarder Neuendeich (see Map, p. 152), a distance of 3 M., and accommodate upwards of 400 sea- going vessels and as many barges and river-craft. The W. end of the quay, opposite St. Pauli (PI. A, B, 5), is chiefly occupied by English colliers and the steamers of the Hamburg and American Co. (ticket of admittance to one of these steamers, 30 pf.). Adjacent is the Niederhafen (comp, the Plan), intended principally for the reception of sailing-vessels during the season of floating ice , and connected with the Elbe by several outlets ( l Gatts : ). The numer- ous Fleete , or canals, which intersect the town and fall into the Niederhafen, are navigated by the L Schuten\ or flat-bottomed boats used for conveying goods to the magazines and warehouses. Farther E. are the recently completed *Sandthor-Hafen, 1100 yds. in length, and 100-140 yds. in width, and the Grasbrook-Hafen, both suited for the reception of vessels of heavy tonnage, the latter intended mainly for the Atlantic liners. Still farther E. are the Oberhafen and other harbours, for the accommodation of river- craft, and finally, on the small Grasbrook on the other side of the Elbe, the large Holzhafen, or wood-harbours for the storage of timber. The visitor may explore these different harbours by boat (Jolle), 1 m. 20 pf. per hour. Statistics. In 1878 the port of Hamburg was entered by 5303 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 2,273,342 tons, including 2972 steamers of 1,767,867 tons, and was quitted by 5386 vessels of 2,284,115 tons, of which 2981 were steamers of 1,777,375 tons. The total value of the imports amounted to 1711 million marks. The chief articles of commerce are coffee, sugar, spirits, dyes, wine, iron, grain, butter, hides, and fancy goods the last five of which constitute the most important exports. The number of emigrants who embarked here in the same year was 24,800, half of whom were Germans. At the beginning of 1880 the Hamburgers were proprietors of 371 sailing-vessels of 151,380 tons burden, and 125 steamboats of 131,288 tons. The English trade with the north of Europe is chiefly carried on via Hamburg. — The port of Altona (p. 152), which both commercially and politically forms a part of Hamburg, is entered by about 1000 sea- going vessels annually, and Harburg (p. 143), which lies opposite, by 700. Between the Brookthor-Hafen and tbe Oberhafen, to the S., is situated the large new Station of the Bremen, Yenlo, and Paris line (R. 16). Near it are extensive warehouses and custom-house premises. A little above the station is the handsome new Iron Railway Bridge with a foot-way (p. 144). The Steinwdrder and Kleine Grasbrook , islands opposite the Niederhafen , to which steamboats cross frequently (comp, the Plan), are occupied by extensive wharves, the dry-docks of the 10 * 1 48 Route 20. HAMBURG. Exchange. Hamburg and American Steamship Co., and ship-building yards, and afford a good survey of the Hamburg quays ; visitors apply at the counting-house. The *Elbhdhe (PL 14; B, 5), locally called the Stintfang, above the landing-place of the Harburg ferry, commands one of the finest views near the harbour, embracing the Elbe (nearly 5 M. broad, including the islands), with its numerous islands, forest of masts, and gaily coloured flags, and St. Pauli and Altona. On the height beyond the moat rises the Seemannshaus , where unemployed mari- ners are accommodated at a cheap rate, and the aged and sick are received gratuitously. On the height in front stands the Meteoro- logical Station of the German Admiralty. St. Pauli, the suburb contiguous to Hamburg on the W. (PI. A, B, 4, 5), better known as Hamburger Berg, is principally frequented by sailors, for whose amusement booths and shows of every descrip- tion abound. The scene witnessed here on a Sunday or Monday afternoon, especially at the Spielbuden-Platz (PI. A, 4), is a highly characteristic phase of Hamburg low life. Hawkers and itinerant vendors of every kind also thrive here. — In the Neue Pferdemarkt No. 13, is Hagenbeck’s extensive Animal Collection , including many from Africa (on sale) ; feeding time 4-5 p.m., admittance 30 pf. We may now return by the Zeughausmarkt and the Neue and Alte Steinweg, forming the Jews’ quarter, where brokers’ shops abound. - — A few paces to the S. rises the Grosse Michaeliskirche (Pl. 23 ; C, 4), erected in 1751-62 in the degraded taste of that period, with a tower 426 ft. in height. At the ^Exchange, or Borse (PL 7; E, 4), the great focus of business , four or five thousand brokers , merchants , and ship- owners congregrate daily between 1 and 3 o’clock. The noisy crowd may best be surveyed from the gallery (admission gratis, except be- tween 1.15 and 2.15, when a charge of 30 pf. is made). The building itself, completed shortly before the great fire (p. 146), escaped, while the surrounding houses were reduced to ashes. The groups surmounting the edifice on either side of the pediment are by Kiss. On the first floor is the Borsenhalle , a reading-room well supplied with newspapers, and much frequented before and after business hours (introd. by a member). The Commercial Library , containing more than 50,000 vols., occupies a wing of the Exchange added in 1873. To the S. of the Adolphs-Platz is the *Church of St. Nicholas (Pl. 25; admission daily from 12.30 to 2.30 p.m., gratis; at other times on application to the sacristan, Neueburg 28, second floor, opposite the N. transept), erected after the fire of 1842 by Sir Gil- bert Scott in the rich Gothic style of the 13th century. Length 285 ft. ; breadth of the transept 151 ft. ; the W. tower, completed in 1874, 473 ft. in height, being the third highest building in Europe (Cologne Cathedral 515 ft., new tower of St. Ouen at Binnen-Alster. HAMBURG. 20. Route. 149 Kouen 492 ft., Strassburg Cathedral 466 ft.). In the rich sculpture of the exterior and interior, it was intended to perpetuate the memory of every one who had in any way contributed towards the propagation of Christianity. Many of the statues are by F. Neuber. In the S. aisle of the choir are fine stained-glass windows. The beautiful intarsia work of the door of the sacristy, by Plambeck , also deserves notice. In front of the W. facade of the church lies the Hopfenmarkt , the principal market-place at Hamburg, where fish of all kinds, meat , vegetables , and fruit are sold. — St. Catharine’s Church (PI. 22; E, 5), to the S.E. of St. Nicholas, on the opposite side of the broad canal, escaped destruction in 1842. It contains some old German paintings , Renaissance tombstones , a marble pulpit of 1630, and a window with stained glass from Munich (Christ and the Apostles), designed by Overbeck. — The Museum Godeff roy , Wand- rahm 29 (PI. G, 5), contains a good ethnographical and natural his- tory collection , which is shown on application to the custodian (Sat. 11-1, free). Near the Exchange, to the N.E. , rises *St. Peter’s Church (PI. 26 ; F, 4), which was burned down in 1842, and has since been erected in the Gothic style of the 14th century. The chief objects of interest are the ring on the door of the tower, of 1342; the canopy over the pulpit, of the 14th cent. ; the granite columns of the old cathe- dral, which was taken down in 1806 ; the new stained-glass win- dows by Kellner of Nuremberg , and to the left in the altar-niche a fine relief, representing the Entombment, by H. Schubert. To the S.E. , opposite the church, is the Johanneum (PI. 16), erected in 1834, where the chief educational institutions of Ham- burg are established, viz. the college of that name founded in 1529, and the Gymnasium, or grammar-school, founded in 1611. The S. wing (PI. 6) contains the admirably arranged City Library , consisting of about 300,000 vols. and 5000 MSS., and comprising many rare works, particularly the biblical literature bequeathed by the Orien- talist Wolff. On the ground-floor is the Natural History Museum (Sun. to Wed. 11-1 gratis, Thurs. 60 pf.), containing numerous skeletons and a valuable collection of conchylia. Here also is the Museum of Hamburg Antiquities , where among other curiosities is preserved an old tombstone representing an ass blowing the bagpipe, with the quaint inscription, ‘I)e Welt heft zik umekert, darume zo hebbe ik arme eezel pipen ghelert 1 . In the Pferdemarkt is the Thalia- Theatre (PI. 45; p. 145), a tasteful Renaissance edifice erected in 1842, with seats for 1800 spectators. — Near it is the Jacobikirche (PI. 21 ; F, 3), which with a number of the surrounding houses survived the fire of 1842. The difference between old and modern Hamburg is very noticeable here , the buildings of the former with their numerous windows being meanly constructed and not unlike Dutch houses, while those of the latter are handsome and substantial edifices of the 19th century. The *Binnen-Alster, usually called the Alster-Bassin (PI. E, F, 150 Route 20. HAMBURG. Kunsthalle. 2, 3; comp. p. 146), and its environs, are unquestionably Ham- burg’s greatest attraction. This sheet of water, of an irregular quad- rilateral form, and upwards of 1 M. in circumference, is bounded on three sides by quays planted with trees and flanked with palatial hotels and handsome private dwellings , named respectively the Alte and Neue Jungfernstieg , and the Alsterdamm , while the fourth side towards the Aussen-Alster is laid out in promenades connected by means of the Lombards-Brucke. The surface of the water is en- livened with diminutive screw-steamers (p. 145), rowing-boats, and groups of swans, and the banks are a favourite promenade, especially on flue summer evenings, when they present a pictur- esque appearance by gaslight. The Alte Jungfernstieg, where the Alster- Pavilion (p. 145) and th e Bazaar, a glass-covered arcade, are situated, is the scene of the busiest traffic. Adjoining the Alte Jungfernstieg on the S.E. are the Alster Arcades with attractive shops , which run parallel with the easternmost of the two arms of the Alster issuing from the ‘Bassin’, and extend from the Reesen- damm-Briicke to the Schleusen-Briicke. The ramparts near the Lombards-Brucke command an admirable view of the expansive Aussen-Alster to the N. , with its banks studded with villas, and the Binnen-Alster to the S. with the towers of the city in the background. On the E. rampart rises a bronze Statue of Schiller (PI. 50), erected in 1866, by Lippelt. On the Alsterhohe, to the S.E. of these monuments , rises the ^Kunsthalle (PI. 32; open daily, except Mon., 10-5), erected in 1867-69 in the early Italian Renaissance style. The niches and medallions of the exterior contain statues and reliefs of distin- guished artists. The establishment owes its existence mainly to private contributions and legacies. Catalogue 50 pf. The Ground Floor contains Sculptures by modern masters, casts of ancient and Renaissance works, and a valuable Collection of Engravings , the most important of which are exposed to view. — The handsome stair- case, borne by ten Corinthian columns, with its marble steps, leads to the Upper Floor , in which is situated the — , , , , Picture Gallery. The following are among the finest works by old masters: 71. P. de Hooch , Interior; 133. Guido Reni, Judith ; « van Ruysdael , Several landscapes, the finest of which are Nos. 147, 148, ^the latter with accessories by A. van de ^ Velde ; 163. Abr.van de ™Tempel, The Muyssarts, a Dutch patrician family (1672) ; 194, 195. Em. de Witte , Church- interiors : 197-201. Ph. Wouverman , Landscapes with cavaliers. — ; ihe most noteworthy modern pictures are : 238. Andr. Achenbach , Mill in Westphalia: Oswald Achenbach , *239, Monastery-garden at Pollazuoli, 24U. Beach at Naples, 241. Castel Gandolfo; 264. Chr.Bisschop, Church-going in Friesland ; 278. Brendel , Interior ot a sheepfold ; 28 6. RicTL Bui mei , Forest-path with cattle; 289. Calame , Fall of Handeck; 290. Camphausen, Puritans; 302. G. Conrader , Tilly in the ^ve~ diggers house the night before the battle of Breitenfeld (16th Sept. 1631) ; 308. Decatsne Caritas, 309. Fr. Defregger , Poacher in a chalet; 311. P. Delaroclie, Oliver Crom- well by the body of Charles I.; 325. A. Feuerbach Gipsies dancing; 329. Franquelin , Mother at the cradle of her sick child; 331. Gebhardt, Cruci- fixion • 367. K. Fr. Hausmann , Galileo before the Council in 1633; 373. Heilbuth , Luca Signorelli, the Florentine painter, by the side of his i dead son; Hornemann , 387. Children teasing a magpie, 389. Russian officers Zoolog . Garden . HAMBURG. 20. Route. 151 in captivity among the Circassians; 403. Isabey , Storm on the coast of Normandy; 405. C. Kaltenmoser , Shooting -match and dance in Upper Bavaria ; H Kauffmann , 408. At the smithy, 409. Return from the Alp, 410. Snowy landscape ; 418. Kncius . Drinkers ; 427. Langko, Heath in Upper Bavaria ; 434. C. F. Lessing , Evening scene ; 444. Gabriel Max , The nun ; 448. Meissonier , Cavalier resting, time of Louis XIII.; 451. Melbye, Ship laying to ; 457. P. Meyerheim, Charcoal-heaps in the mountains ; 458. M. Michael , Village-school in Italy ; 470. Morgenstern, Quarries on the Prissen- berg; 473. Munthe , Winter scene; 476. Northen , Prussians storming Planche- nois, near Belle-Alliance (1815); 492. Regnault, A Genius pointing France to liberty or death (painted ‘Fan 3 de la Republique’) ; Ruths , 505. Even- ing among the Sabine Mts., 506. Mts. of the Roman Campagna, 507. Har- vest-wain ; 530. Schonleber , Lagoon at Venice ; 534. Schuch , Moorland with robber-knights; 540. Spangenberg , Walpurgis Night; 552, 553. H. Stein- furth , Portraits of the’ artists Kauffmann and Knaus ; 560. Tidemand , Wolf- hunter; 562. Troyon , Cattle; 563. Vautier , Toasting the bride; JFrasfce, 375. The daughter of the Cid in the forest, 376. Niobe and her children ; Makart , Charles V.'s triumphal entry into Antwerp, 1521. — The Permanente Kunst- ausstelldng (Exhibition of Works of Art) is in the same building. The *Anlagen, or public promenades, laid out on the old forti- cations , and extending round the interior of the city from the Elbhohe (p. 148) to the Berlin Railway Station, also afford pleasant walks. Near the Kunsthalle , to the E., is an iron Monument (PI. 10) to the memory of Adolph IV., Count of Holstein (1224-39), the founder of the liberties of the city (p. 146). — Another favourite walk is afforded by the new Pleasure Grounds (PI. G, 2 to H, 1), which extend along the Aussen-Alster to the Uhlenhorst (p. 152). To the N.E. , in the St. George Quarter, between the Stein- thor and the Klosterthor, are the Gewerbe-S chule and the Real- Schule , with the interesting Industrial and Ethnological Museums. The Hansa Fountain, in the Hansa-Platz (PI. H, 3), 65 ft. in height, was erected in 1878 from a design by E. Pfeiffer. The ex- tensive Hospital (PI. 30 ; J, 3), is an admirable institution ; the chapel contains a good picture by Overbeck. In the Esplanade , a handsome street with a double avenue of trees, near the Jungfernstieg (PI. E, 2), rises a ^Monument to the Hamburgers who fell in the war of 1870-71, designed by Pro- fessor Schilling of Dresden. — Near it, in the Dammthor-Str., is the Stadt- Theater (PI. 44; p. 145) designed by Schinkel, with seats for 2500 spectators. On the left, immediately outside the Dammthor, lies the Botani- cal Garden (PI. D, 1, 2 ; open daily), with its Victoria Regia house. A little beyond it is the *Zoological Garden (PI. C, D, 1 ; admis- sion 1 m., aquarium 40 pf. ; ^Restaurant ), one of the most extensive and best organised in Germany. The arrangement of the animals was superintended by Brehm , and the grounds were laid out by the landscape-gardener Jurgens of Ottensen. The most interesting points are the elephant-house, the dens of the beasts of prey, the Eulenhurg (view) with the bears’ den , the cascade grotto , the *Aquarium, the terrarium, and the Ernst-Merck-Halle, containing a concert-room and winter-garden, with the bust of the founder of the gardens. 152 Route 20. ALTONA. lo the W. of the Zoological Garden, near the Sternschanze railway-station (p. 145]), is situated the vast Zollvereins - Nieder- lage, founded in 1869, consisting of the bonded warehouses of the Zollverein (or 'customs union’, merged since 1871 in the German empire), with a railway-station, post-office, and telegraph-office. The Cemeteries , laid out as gardens, adjoin the Zoological Garden on the S. On the N. side, opposite the Petrikirchhof, is a sarcophagus commemorating the melancholy fate of 1138 citizens of Hamburg, 'who, having been banished by Marshal Davoust, together with many thousands of their fellow-citizens during the severe winter of 1813-14 , fell victims to grief, starvation, and disease’. About 1^2 M. from the Deichthor (PI. G, H, 5) are the exten- sive Waterworks , which supply the whole city. *View (no fee). Tramway to Rothenburg sort , see p. 145. — Opposite to Rothen- burgsort is the end of a large cutting constructed by Dalmann in 1873-77, at an outlay of 4,000,000 m., to regulate the amount of water in the N. Elbe. The ^Environs of Hamburg (comp. Map) , which are sprinkled with country-houses, gardens, and parks in almost every direction, especially near the Aussen-Alster and near the Elbe between Altona and Blankenese (p. 153), afford some pleasant excursions. The banks of the "Aussen-Alster are most conveniently visited by one of the small screw - steamers (p. 145) which plv daily at frequent intervals between the Jungfernstieg and the N. end of the lake. (‘Jolle\ or small boat, 1 m. 20 pf. per hour.) A tramway-line is being constructed round the Aussen-Alster. The favourite points are the Uhlenhorst (Restau- rant ; concerts at the Fahrhaus several times a week) , which is reached by steamer from the Jungfernstieg in 20 min.); Harvestehude , where the lime-tree of the poet Hagedorn (d. 1754) rises on the Licentiatenberg ; and Eppendorf. Persons interested in missionary-establishments should visit the Rauhe Haus at Horn , 3 M. to the E. of Hamburg, on the road to Bergedorf (tram- way, see p. 145; cab 2 m. 40 pf.). — The annual Hamburg Horse Races take place on a common at Horn. Wandsbeck (railway, p. 164; tramway p. 145; cab 2 m. 40 pf. ; hotel, Altes Posthaus ), a town in Holstein, with 16,000 inhab., about 3 M. to the N.E. , was once the residence of the famous Matthias Claudius (d. 1815), the ‘Wandsbecker Bote’, who, with his wife, is buried in the church- yard here. A simple monument has been erected to his memory in the neighbouring Wandsbeck wood, consisting of a block of granite, bearing his name, his hat, wallet, and staff. A double avenue leads from the Millern-Thor at Hamburg, (PI. B, 4) through the suburb of St. Pauli (p. 148) to the Nobisthor of Altona (so called from the inscription, ‘Nobis bene, nemini. male’); cab Vfe m. ; tramway (from the Exchange at Hamburg to the Station or to the Markt-Str. at Altona), omnibus, and railway, see p. 145. — Plan of Altona, see p. 144. Altona (* Koniglicher Hof ; *Holsteinsches Haus , unpretending), HELIGOLAND. 22. Route. 153 situated on the N. bank of tbe Elbe, and environed with gardens and villas, is a rapidly increasing commercial and manufacturing town with 84,000 inhab. (32,000 only in 1845), and the headquarters of the 9th Corps d’Armee. The Palmaille , planted with lime-trees, and affording pleasant glimpses of the Elbe , is adorned with a bronze statue of Count Blucher , who was civil governor of Altona in 1808-45. Near the station is a monument to the members of the 9th army-corps who fell in 1870-71, by Luthmer. At the N. end of Altona, near the station, begins Ottensen, a town of 12,400 inhab., in the churchyard of which Klopstock (born 1724, d. 1803) and his two wives are interred. Their grave is shaded by an old lime, a few paces from the church-door. From Altona to Blankenese, 6 M., by railway in 25 min. (fares 80, 60, 40 pf.) ^ from Hamburg to Altona, and thence to Blankenese, about 1 hr. (fares 1 m. 30, 95, 65 pf.). Stations Bahrenfeld , Klein- Flottbeck, Blankenese. — As the scenery is pleasing, a drive to Blankenese in an open carriage is far preferable to the railway-journey. Cab from Altona to Klein-Flottbeck, 1-2 pers. 2 m. 40 pf., to Nienstadten 3 m., to Blankenese 4-6 m. ; omnibus between Altona (starting from the Palmaille, near the theatre) and Blan- kenese several times daily, fare 25 pf. — Even pedestrians will be rewarded by a walk along the bank of the Elbe to (8M.) Blankenese, passing numer- ous villas and gardens. — The pleasantest way of making this excursion is to go to Blankenese by the steamboat, which commands fine views of the banks of the river, and return in a carriage, which may be hired at Sagebiel’s in Blankenese, or at Jacob’s in Nienstadten, 2 M. nearer Altona. At the end of the pleasant village of Neumiihlen rises a castellated villa belonging to Hr. Donner of Altona. Booth' 1 s gardens at Flottbeck and the park of the Jenisch family with their extensive hothouses merit a visit. Further on is Nienst&dten ("‘Jacob’s Restaurant). Then the garden of the Hamburg Senator G. Godeffroy, with a chateau in the Rhenish castellated style, situated on the abrupt bank of the Elbe. At Docken- huden is the park of C. Godeffroy. The finest view of the Elbe is obtained from the "Siillberg (250 ft.; ’'-‘Tavern at the top), one of the hills among which lies the fishing-village of Blankenese CSaffebieVs Restaurant at the Fahrhaus), D/2 M. from the railway-station. Baur’s garden at Blankenese also affords beautiful views. All these grounds are open to the public. 21. Heligoland. Comp. Maps , pp. 152 , 160. Steamer from Hamburg to Heligoland three times a week from the beginning of July to 15th Sept., twice a week in June, and during the latter half of Sept., and once during the month of Oct.; average passage 7-8 hrs. ; fare 16 m., landing in Heligol nd included; return-tickets 26 m., available for a week. — From Geestemiinde (p. 135) to Heligoland, see the time-tables. — German money alone is current in Heligoland. From Hamburg to Heligoland. A steamboat-trip on ttie Lower Elbe is one of the pleasantest river-excursions in N. Germany. Soon after starting, the vessel commands a line retrospect of the imposing city with its forest of masts, and of Altona (see above). Numerous villas on the hills peep from the midst of parks and pleasure- grounds, which extend for a considerable distance below Blankenese (see above). Inland, to the left, is seen the town of Stade, con- nected with the Elbe by a canal; then, on the right bank, Gluck - stadt (p, 156). The banks now recede. On the left, about 4^2 M, 154 Route 21. HELIGOLAND. from Cuxhaven , lies the small town of Altenbruch , with a church containing a beautifully carved altar. Cuxhaven ( ^Belvedere , with a pleasant pavilion facing the beach ; Bellevue; To Baben , unpretending), a busy and increasing place be- longing to Hamburg, and united with the neighbouring Ritzebiittel in 1872, is visited as a sea-bathing place. The chateau, which is visible from the Elbe, a castellated building of the 14th cent. , is one of the oldest secular structures in N. Germany. The steamer next passes the island of Neuwerk with its light-house, originally erected in 1290 as a castle for protection against pirates. — At the mouth of the Elbe, the banks of which have been fortified since 1870, three light -ships, and between them the Pilot -ship are passed, beyond which the open sea is reached. The sea-passage occupies 2 1 /2"3 hrs. only. From Bremerhaven (p. 135) to Heligoland. The steamboat- pier is i/ 2 M. from the railway-station at Geestemunde (p. 135). To the right, as the steamer quits the Geeste , lies the district of Wursten , to the left the Butjadinger Land , a peninsula between the estuary of the Weser and the Jade-Busen (p. 142). After 2 hrs. the light-ships are passed. Sea-passage 2-3 hrs. more. Heligoland. — Arrival. Passengers are landed in boats. Luggage is taken to the luggage-shed on the beach , where the traveller sends a porter for it; thence to the Unterland 20 pf., to the Oberland 40 pf. each package. — Comp. Map , p. 160. Hotels. The Victoria Hotel in the Oberland, generally crowded in the height of summer, is the only regular hotel in Heligoland; table d’hote at 2 and 5 p.m. Table d’hote also in the Conversationshaus, and at the Princess Alexandra on the beach, at 3 p.m., 3m. (to subscribers cheaper), B. 1 m., board and lodging 6-8 m. per day. Lodgings, where breakfast only is usually supplied, are also easily obtained. The best-situated are on the Falm (p. 155) in the Oberland , at 15-30 m. per week and upwards, such as the "Stadt London, Queen of England , Schweizerhaus , and Jasper Payens. Those in the back-streets without view are cheaper. Those who object to climbing the steps to the Oberland should take rooms in the Unterland , where the Dunen-Strasse commands an unimpeded view of the sea (charges as in the Oberland). Deutsches Haus, Duke of Wellington, Prince of Wales , Peter Mohr. Those in the back-streets cheaper. . Restaurants. In the Unterland: * Conversationshaus , with dining and reading-rooms, etc., see above; '‘'Fremdenwillkomm ; ■' Deutscher Hof , Boy- mann; Princess Alexandra; Dilnenpavillon, on the Badeinsel ; Erholung , y the steps to the Oberland. In the Oberland: Janssen, by the church; Zwm Landlichen Verkehr ; Mayer, Leuchtthurm-Str. — The • Pavilion on the beach is much visited as a cafe in the afternoon. Rain collected in cisterns is used for drinking-water; good spring- water is obtained at the Brewery (40 pf. weekly). a - The Bathing Place is on a small sandy island, I I. to the b.R. ; terry there and back 60 pf. ; bath 1 m. ; towel 10 pf. ; a sheet 20 pf. ; bath and ferry- tickets at the bath-house, where warm and other baths are also to be had. Visitors’ Tax for 4 weeks: 1 pers. 4m. per week ; families 7m. per wee ; after four weeks no charge is made. — During the season, which lasts from 1st June to 15th Oct., Theatre , Concerts, and Balls. Reading-room at the Conversationshaus. ^ Post Office in the Unterland, opposite the Conversationshaus. — leie- graph Office in the Badehaus. Physicians, Dr. Zimmermann and Dr. Schmidt. HELIGOLAND. 21 . Route. 1 55 Heligoland (i. e. ‘holy land’), which formerly belonged to Schles- wig, was taken by the English in 1807 , and still continues under their supremacy. During the blockade of 1812 it was a great resort of smugglers. On three sides the island, which consists of hard red clay and marl, and is about t/ 5 sq. M. only in area, rises nearly per- pendicularly from the sea to a height of 160 ft., forming a long and narrow triangle called the Oberland. On the S.E. side only a low, flat bank of sand rises from the water, called the XJnterland. The island contains 2000 inhab. of Frisian extraction, whose dialect, habits, and costume are in many respects peculiar. The bathing-season and the lobster-fishery are their chief sources of gain. The German language is used in the schools and church. The visitor disembarks on the Unterland, on which are situated a bath-house, a basin used by bathers when prevented by stormy weather from crossing to the ‘Dune’, the Conversationshaus, the chemist’s shop, the theatre, and most of the restaurants. The prin- cipal streets , recently provided with English names, which how- ever have not been adopted by the population , are the Dunen- Strasse , or Gesundheits-Allee , on the N.E. side of the group of houses, and the Bindfaden- Allee , which runs parallel to the cliffs from N.E. to S.W. At the end of the latter is the l Rothe Meer\ a bathing-place so called from the colour with which the red clay tinges the waves. From the Unterland an easy flight of 190 wooden steps ascends the rock to the Oberland, a plateau planted chiefly with potatoes, and intersected by the Kartoff el- Allee. The pastures support goats and about 300 sheep only. The principal street in the village, called the Falm , skirting the S.E. margin of the cliff, commands a fine view of the Unterland, the downs , and the sea. The best views of the cliffs are obtained at the Sathurn (South Horn) and Nathurn (North Horn), which last is a favourite point towards sunset. The Lighthouse merits a visit (fee 50 pf.). An excursion round the island is very interesting. Many of the rocks have received fan- ciful names, such as the Nun, Monk, and Pastor. Opposite the Unterland, and separated from it by a strait lU M. in width and 12-16 ft. deep, is the Dune , or Sandinsel (ferry), on the N. (left) side of which is the gentlemen’s, and on the S. (right) side the ladies’ bathing-place. Between the two is situated the Dunen-Pavillon (p. 154). Boat for the interesting excursion round the island , 1-2 pers. about 3 m., 3-4 pers. 4 m.— An - Illumination of the rocks and grottoes takes place several times during the season, on which occasions the whole of the visitors hire boats in order to witness it to advantage. The luminous appearance of the sea at night is more frequently ob- served at Heligoland than elsewhere, especially in sultry weather, with a S. wind and a clouded sky. When the water is struck by the hand, each particle resembles a fire-fly or glow-worm. This phenomenon, as is well known, is occasioned by innumerable mollusca, almost invisible to the naked eye, which emit a phosphorescent light when in motion. 156 22. From Hamburg to Kiel and Flensburg. Railway from Altona to Kiel (66 M.) in 2 V 2-3 hrs. (fares 8 m. 50, 6 m. 40, 4 m. 30 pf. ; express 9 m. 60, 7 m. 50, 5 m. 30 pf.). From Altona to Flensburg (107 M.) in 4 l / 2 -5 brs. (fares 13 m. 80, 10 m. 40, 6 m. 90 pf. : express 15 m. 50, 12 m. 10, 8 m. 60 pf). From Hamburg to Altona. Tramway and Omnibus , see p. 145. Cab from the Alster-Bassin to the station at Altona R /2 m. ; carpet-bag or hat- box 8 pf., trunk 30 pf. — Junction Railway , see p. 116 (most convenient station at the Dammthor). The train stops for 1/4 hr. at Altona for the custom-house examination. Altona, see p. 152. Stations Pinneberg , Tornesch , and (20 M.) Elmshorn , with 7000 inhab., a wealthy town on the Kriickau. From Elmshorn to Heide, 54 M., railway in 272-3 hrs. (fares 7 m. 10, 5 m. 30, 3 m. 60 pf.). The line traverses the fertile fen-district of the Ditmarsch Peasants , celebrated for their fierce and intrepid opposition to the supremacy of the Dukes of Holstein, who in 1559 at length succeeded in gaining the mastery. — 4 M. Siethwende ; 8 M. Herzhorn. IOV 2 M. Gliick- stadt ( Diinkler' 1 s Hotel), on the Elbe, a dull place with 5000 inhab., fortified by Christian IV. in 1620, was unsuccessfully besieged by Tilly in 1628, and by Torstenson in 1643*, in 1815 it was dismantled. Then (14 M.) Krempe and (17 M.) Kremperheide. 2072 M. Itzehoe (Helmund^s Inn; Dilhring) on the Stoer , the most an- cient town in the Duchy, founded as early as the 9th cent., was formerly the place of assembly of the Holstein Estates. Church of St. Lawrence of the 12th century. Pleasant excursion of 1 hr. to Breitenburg on the Stoer, the handsome chateau of Count Rantzau. — Next stations : Wilster , St. Margarethen , Eddelak , St. Michaelisdonn. — 47 M. Meldorf, where Car- sten Niebuhr, the traveller, and his son, the historian (b. at Copenhagen in 1776, d. at Bonn in 1831), once resided. — 54 M. Heide , see p. 162. 23^2 M. Horst. On a height to the left of (32^2 M.) Wrist , rises the ancient round tower of Kellinghusen. 46 ^2 M. Neumiinster (Harms Hotel), a town with considerable cloth-factories and 10,000 inhab., is the junction of the lines to Tonning via Heide (p. 162), to Rendsburg (p. 158), to Plon and Neustadt via Ascheberg (p. 176), and to Oldesloe (p. 164; see below). From Neumunster to Oldesloe, 28 M., railway in 174 - 1 3 A hr. (fares 3 m. 60, 2 m. 70, 1 m. 80 pf.). The most important station is Segeberg , situated between limestone hills and the lake of that name, with a Ro- manesque church of the 12th century. In the vicinity is Traventhal , once a country-seat of the Dukes of Holstein-Plon, now a royal stud-farm. 54 M. Bordesholm, once a richly endowed monastery, is prettily situated on the lake of that name. The church contains monuments of Frederick I. of Denmark (d. 1533) and his Queen Anna, and one of Duke Christian Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp , ancestor of the present imperial family of Russia. The country becomes more at- tractive. Near Kiel the picturesque Eider Valley is traversed, beyond which the harbour and the distant Baltic become visible. 66 M. Kiel. — Hotels. ’"Germania, opposite the station, R. 2-272 m., L. 75, A. 60 pf., B. lm., D. 272 m. ; *Zum Kronprinzen, Hafen-Str. •, Hotel zur Borse ; Stadt Hamburg, at the corner of the Schumacher-Str. , op- posite the church of St. Nicholas; Stadt Kopenhagen-, Muhi/s Gasthof, of moderate pretension. — For a stay of several days the "Hotel Bellevue ( see p. 158) is recommended. — Concerts are frequently given in summer at WriedVs Establishment, to the S. of the station. Cabs. Per drive in the town for 1 pers, 60-75 pf., each additional per- KIEL. 22. Route. 157 son 15 pf. 5 to the Bellevue 1 m. 20 pf. ; per hour lV 2 m., each additional person 30 pf. ; each trunk 30 pf. — From 10 to 11 p.m., and 6 to 7 a. in., a fare and a half $ from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fare. Boat per hour, for 1-2 pers. 1 m. 50, each 1/4 hr. additional 40 pf. -, ferry to the WiJhelminenhohe 10 pf. — Small Steamer's also ply in all directions at very moderate fares: to Wilhelminenhohe every 5 min., 8 pf. 5 Eller- beck 3-4 times an hour, 10 pf. ; Neumiihlen every i / 2 hr., 20 pf. ; to Laboe by Bellevue, Altheikendorf, Moltenort, and Friedrichsort, ten or twelve times daily, 20-30 pf. Kiel, one of the oldest towns in Holstein, with 40,000 inhab., the Baltic headquarters of the German navy, with a naval academy, and a university founded in 1665, is picturesquely situated at the S. end of the Kieler Fohrde , one of the best havens in Europe and the chief war-harbour of Germany. Kiel is now a place of com- mercial importance, being a great depot of the trade between the Danish islands and the continent. The ‘Kieler Umschlag’, a con- siderable fair, has been held here annually since the 14th century. Extensive harbour- fortifications, quays, and docks have been con- structed within the last few years (p. 158). In an open space opposite the station is the new Thaulow Mu- seum (admission daily), designed by Moldenschardt and adorned with sculptures by Andresen, containing a collection of Schleswig- Holstein wood-carvings, formed by Professor Thaulow and pre- sented to the province in 1875. This collection, which is unri vailed of its kind , affords conclusive proof that art was cultivated in this part of the country in the 16th and 17th centuries. Skirting the harbour, or proceeding through the ‘Yorstadt’, we soon reach the town itself, which lies between the Kleine Kiel and the harbour. In the centre of it rises the Nicolaikirche , built in 1241. The Schloss-Strasse leads hence to the N.E. to the Schloss, form- erly the residence of the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, restored after a fire in 1838. It is now occupied by the military authorities, and also contains the University Library and the Museum of Art (chiefly casts from the antique). The Museum of National Antiquities in the old university, in the Ketten-Strasse, contains many objects of a pre-historic period , including a boat and a human body found in the Sundewitt Moor (adm. on Sun., Wed., and Sat. 11-1; at other times on application to the attendant). In the NeueDanische-Strasse, to the W . of the palace, is the hall of the Kunstverein , containing a small collection of modern pictures. The University, contained in a new building at the N. end of the Schlossgarten, numbers 62 professors and 350 students. Adjacent are several institutes in connection with it. — The hall of the Gymnasium , in the Kleine Kiel, is adorned with frescoes by A. von Werner. * Environs. The harbour is picturesque, and a trip by steamer or small boat as far as Laboe is recommended. On the W. Bank the *Dusternbrooker Weg , a high-road flanked with pleasant country-houses, leads N. from the University through beautiful beech-woods, and past the old Imperial Wharf , to the new RENDSBURG. From Hamburg 158 Route 22. Sea Baths (^Restaurant) and the (IV 2 M 0 * H6tel Bellevue (warm sea-baths). The latter (concerts in summer) stands on a hill, and commands a beautiful view over the Fohrde. A little inland is the forest-nursery of Duvelsbeck. From the Bellevue the traveller may follow the coast by the village of Wik to (IV 2 M 0 Holtenau , at the mouth of the Schleswig-Holstein Canal, 20M.in length, con- structed in 1777-84 for the purpose of connecting the Baltic with the N. sea by means of the Eider, but navigable for vessels of small ton- nage only. A beautiful walk hence is by the canal and the Holtenau Lock to the park of Knoop (*Inn at the second lock). Distance from Kiel to Holtenau 3 M., thence to Knoop 2 M. ; direct route back to Kiel 3 M. — Friedrichsort , a fortress 3 M. farther, with the works on the Brauneberg (now ‘Fort Falkenstein’) and the opposite batteries of Moltenort and Laboe (‘Fort Stosch’) command the en- trance to the harbour. Steamers, see p. 157. The E. Bank of the harbour is also attractive. The* Wilhelm, inen- hohe (or Sandkrug), opposite the station (steamers, see p. 157), commands an admirable view of the town and the wooded W. bank. Farther on, to the N., are the wharves of the Norddeutsche Schiffbau- Gesellschaft and the extensive Imperial Dockyard (cards of admittance to be obtained in the naval office in the Schloss at Kiel at 10 a m ). The village of Ellerbeck (*Johannisberg Restaurant) is the head- quarters of the ‘Kieler Sprotte’ fishery (flat fish). A pleasant foot- path leads hence over the Koppeln to Neumuhlen , at the mouth of the Schwentine , with the largest steam and water-mill on the continent, in which 4000 bushels of grain are ground daily. Farther distant is the Schrevenborn wood; then, between the villages of Alt- Heikendorf , Moltenort , an & Laboe, the ‘Griinde’, affording charming wood -walks on the slopes of the coast. The fishing -village of Laboe (Stoltenberg’s Inn, with garden, and beautiful view) is sit- uated in the Probstei , the property of the nunnery of Preetz (p. 1 1 1), an extremely fertile district, 40 sq. M. in area, where the people are still somewhat primitive in their habits and costumes. Fopular festivals take place in summer. . To the S. of Kiel is the large lunatic asylum of Hornheim. ihe neighbouring Viehburger Gehblz is noted for its fine beeches. To Eckern/Orde (p. 130), 17 M. diligence twice daily in Sta^by Luchsdorf and Oettorf. - To Copenhagen, see p. m. — Te > Sond^rburg (p. 161), steamboat twice weekly in 41/2 hrs. ; to Stettin once weeKiy 24 hrs., fare 12 m. The traveller proceeding to Flensburg returns to the Neumunste r iunction fp. 156). 54 M. (from Altona) Nortorf. On the publication of Christian VIII. ’s ‘open letter’ in 1846, large popular meetings were held at Neumunster and Nortorf, foreshadowing the events which ultimately separated the Duchies from Denmark. 68 M. Rendsburg ( *Stadt Hamburg $ Liibeck ; Deutscher Kai- ser; Railway Hotel), a fortifled town with 11,400 inhab., was un- to Flensburg. SCHLESWIG. 22. Route. 159 successfully besieged by tbe Swedish General Wrangel in 1645. The fortress formerly consisted of three works separated by the Eider , the Altstadt on an island, the Neuwerk to the S., and the Kronwerk to the N. As Schleswig is approached a fine view is suddenly disclosed of the broad estuary of the Schlei and the town itself. The Danewerk (or Dannevirke ), an intrenchment which formerly de- fended the Danish frontier, dating from the 11th and 12th cent., and stretching across the level country, was stormed by the Prussians in 1848. The works were subsequently restored, and greatly extended and streng- thened by the Danes, so that in 1864 they constituted a barrier from the mouth of the Schlei to Friedrichsstadt, a distance of 46 M., which might easily have been defended, had the Danish army been sufficiently numer- ous. Their forces were, however, totally unequal to the task, and the re- sult was inevitable. The united troops of Austria and Prussia, notwith- standing the gallant resistance of their enemy, stormed the advanced po- sitions in rapid succession , while a Prussian division proceeded to force the passage of the Schlei, in order to attack the Danes in the rear. The Danish General de Meza , seeing the impossibility of preventing this , at once abandoned his position and retreated rapidly in order to save his army from annihilation. The intrenchments have since been entirely levelled. 82 /2 M. Schleswig. — Hotels. *Stadt Hamburg ; -Raven's Hotel, in the Altstadt; Stehn's Hotel, near the station; Stadt Kiel, small. Omnibus from the station to the town. — Branch- Railway to the Ko- nigswiese in the old town. Schleswig , an ancient town with 14,600 inhab., charmingly sit- uated, traces it origin to the reign of Charlemagne, and afterwards became the residence of the Dukes of Schleswig. It consists of a single street, 3^/2 M. in length, extending round the W. end of the arm of the sea named the Schlei , and is divided into the Friedrichs - berg, Lollfuss , Holm , and Altstadt. The finest *View is commanded by the Erdbeerenberg , on the S.W. side, near the station. At Friedrichsberg , the quarter next to the station, is situ- ated the old ducal Schloss Gottorp , now a barrack, the chapel of which contains an interesting carved priedieu of the 17th century. Behind the Schloss are beautiful oak and beech-woods. Adjacent are the new Government Offices. — To the N. of the Friedrichs- berg is Magnussen s Wood-carving School. The Dom in the Altstadt, externally insignificant, erected in the Romanesque style about 1100, was restored in Gothic taste after a fire in 1440. The Interior is open daily 11-12 (free), and at other times on appli- cation to the sacristan (opposite the Romanesque S. portal, No. 68; fee 1 m.). — The ** Altar-Piece, formerly in the monastery of Bordesholm, a work executed in carved oak by Briiggemann in 1521, represents the history of the Passion in 20 sections, and is by far the finest work of art in the Duchies. In the choir, to the left, is a font of 1480; on the right the tombstone of King Frederick I. Adjacent is the chapel of the Dukes of Gottorp, and in the nave are those of several noble families. On the N. side of the Altstadt, in the direction of St. Jurgen, stands a monument to the eminent painter J. A. Carstens (b. at St. Jurgen in 1734, d. at Rome in 1798), erected in 1865. The Movenberg (sea-gulls’ hill) , a small island near the town, is densely covered with sea-fowl. 160 Route 22. FLENSBURG. From Hamburg Steamboat twice daily, in 2 3 / 4 hrs., to (21 M.) Cappeln ( *JStadt Ham- burg), on the picturesque banks of the Schlei , a charming excursion, which may also be made in a rowing-boat. At Missunde , the narrowest point of the Schlei, then commanded by seven Danish intrenchments , an engagement took place on 2nd Feb. , 1864 , between the Danes and the Prussians, after which the latter effected the passage of the bay at Amis. The result of this was the abandonment of the Danewerk by the Danes (see above). The district of Angeln , a fertile peninsula between the Schlei and the Bay of Flensburg, presents a somewhat English appearance with its high hedges, which are not common on the continent. The finest sur- vey of the district is obtained from the Schiersberg. Diligence daily in 3 hrs. from Schleswig to (15 M.) Eckernforde (Gotze), near which is Borby , a small sea-bathing place recently embellished with promenades, etc. 90 M. Jiibeck, tlie junction for Husum (route to Wyk), Tonning, Heide, and Neumiinster (see p. 162). Then (104 M.) Nordschles- wigsche Weiche , whence a branch-line conveys the traveller to — 107 M. Flensburg ( *Bahnhofs- Hotel , Feys Hotel , both in the Rathhaus-Str. ; *Neue Stadt Hamburg , in the Holm, R. 1 m. 50, L. 60, A. 60, B. 90 pf. ; Restaurants: Centralhalle , Gnomenkeller , etc.), a thriving town with 30,000 inhab., beautifully situated at the S. end of the Flensburg Fjord , one of those deeply indented hays which form the excellent harbours of Schleswig-Holstein. Fine view from the Bellevue , a cafe on the hill to the W., near the windmills. The *Old Cemetery , prettily situated on the same height , contains a marble sphinx by Thorvaldsen and a number of German and Danish monuments to soldiers who fell in the wars of 1849-50 and 1864. At Oeversee , 6 M. to the S. of Flensburg, on the road to Schleswig, a fierce conflict took place between the rear-guard of the retreating Danish army and the pursuing Austrians in 1864. Further to the S., and 472 M. to the N. of Schleswig, is the village of Idstedt , where the Schleswig-Holstein army under General Willisen, was defeated by the Danes on 25th July, 1850. To commemorate the victory the Danes erected the ‘Lion of Flensburg’, now in Berlin. The -Flensburg Fjord is a fine sheet of water enclosed by gentle grassy and wooded slopes, enlivened by the red roofs of scattered farm- houses. The first stations (not touched at by all the steamboats) are Wassers- leben , Collund , Siiderhaff , and Randershof. Then, on the S. bank, Sand- wig , the station for Gliicksburg (Strand Hdtel & Curhaus , near the pier, R. 20-2272 in. per week, board 3872 m., sea-bath 40 pf., per doz. 4 m. ; Belle- vue ; Fernsicht), now frequented as a bathing-place by 1000-1500 visitors annually. The village (Sonne), 3 / 4 M. from the shore, and not visible thence, possesses a Schloss of the 16th cent., picturesquely situated on a small lake shaded with beeches, and containing the burial-vault of the older Gliicksburg line, which became extinct in 1799. Sandacker , on the N. bank, is the station for the village of Rinkenis. The narrow Eken-Sund forms the entrance to the bay called the Niibel- Noor. Here the steamboat touches at Gravenstein , the Schloss of which was the headquarters of Prince Fred. Charles of Prussia during the Dano- Prussian war. The steamboat then returns through the strait. — The traveller is recommended to disembark at Ekensund or at the following station Brunsnis , and to proceed on foot to (V/2 M.) Diippel. The route from Ekensund leads by Schottbiill and Schmol; that from Brunsnis passes Mollmark and Broacker , the chief place in the peninsula, with two church- towers (fine view from the ‘Schwedenschanze’), and joins the Eckensund road at Schmol. The road ascends gradually, passing a number of graves CeogriTgi.Aos^all ; -rcn. TTagiu;! fo 3>^es, leijsfg. to Flensburg. SONDERBURG. 22. Route. 161 of fallen Danes and Prussians. Tlie village of Diippel , or Dybbol , lies to the left of the road. On the hill rises a Gothic Obelisk , completed in 1871, commemorating the storming of the intrenchments of Diippel. * View to the E. of the island of Alsen ; to the S., beyond the Wenningbund, lies the peninsula of BroacTcer; to the W. the fertile hills of the Sundewitt; and finally to the N. the distant Baltic. A little farther on, the road passes the Intrenchments of Diippel, a con- nected series of bastions forming a semicircle round the point of the Sun- dewitt opposite Sonderburg, and extending from the Alsen-Sund to the Wenningbund. They were taken by the Prussians in 1864 after a siege of two months, and have since been refortified. The road now descends to (1 M.) the narrow Alsen-Sund , which is crossed by a bridge-of-boats to — Sonderburg (* Holstein 1 sches Haus; *Stadt Hamburg , unpretending; Als- sund; Wilhelmsbad and Bellevue , bath and lodging-houses), the pleasant little capital (5800 inhab.) of Alsen , an island 122 sq. M. in area. The old Schloss of the Duke of Augustenburg is now a barrack. Sonderburg is frequented as a bathing-place. A walk round the town and to the (iy 4 M.) pretty ‘Siiderholz’ is recommended. — At ArnTciel on the Alsen- Sund, about 4 M. to the N. of Sonderburg, rises a Monument commemor- ating the passage of the Prussians at this spot in 1864. — Towards the E., about 4y 2 M. from Sonderburg, lies the watering-place of Augustenburg (Curhaus in the old chateau, ‘pens. 1 42 m. per week ; Franck’s Hotel ; pri- vate rooms IOV 2 m. per week) , prettily situated on the deeply indented Augustenburg Fjord. Steamboat from Flensburg every Wednesday, return- ing in the evening. Near Adzerballig , 4y 2 M. farther, rises the Huge Berg (243 ft.), which commands a survey of the island, the sea, Funen, Arroe, 1-2 pers. 3 m., 3 pers. 4 m., and so on; diligence 1 m.). Westerland.— Hotels. *Hotel Royal & Conversationshaus, table- d'hote 3m., to subscribers ‘pension’’ from 50m. per week; DeutScher Kaiser, less pretending; Strand-Hotel ; Stadt Hamburg; Ciiristianen- hohe ; Westendhalle, D. 2 m. 20, R. and board 30-36 m. per week, board alone 24m.; "Germania, near the church, with garden, D. 2m., board 30 m. per week. None of the hotels command a view of the sea.- Lodg- ings , R. 6-8, two rooms 10-30 m. per week. Application for apartments may be made by letter to the ‘Bade-Direction 1 . Restaurants. Luncheon Room and Reading Room between the ladies 1 and the gentlemen's baths ; Zur Erholung , on the inner side of the Dunes ; Diinenhalle and Wiener Caf6 in the village. Bathing (6 a.m. to 1 p.m.). Use of bathing-machine 75 pf. (twelve tickets 8m.), towel 5 pf., sheet 15 pf.; tickets obtained at the bath-office. Gratuity 1 m., two pers. D/ 2 , for several pers. 2 m. per week. Warm Baths in the red house next the office (2 m.). — Visitors 1 Tax 8 m., families 12-15 m. — Physicians, Dr. Marcus ; Dr. Ditmann , at Keitum, where the apothecary also resides. — Director of the Baths, Herr Haberhauffe. — Post and Telegraph Office in summer. Westerland , a scattered village , frequented as a sea-bathing place since 1858, lies on the W. side of the island of Sylt, and is separated from the sea by a range of sand-hills , across which a wooden pathway leads to the beach. To the right (N.) is the gentle- men’s, to theleft(S.) the ladies’ bathing-place. The Conversationshaus was opened in 1878. The sea is generally rougher than at the other bathing-places on this coast. Annual number of visitors about 1500. The island of Sylt is the largest German island in the North Sea, being upwards of 39 sq. M. in area and 7 1/2 M. long, but very narrow. — About 3/4 M. to the N. of Westerland lies Marienlust, a small sea-bathing place (bath 50 pf.), and 2*/4 M. farther is Wenningstedt (Hotel Bleicken, unassuming, D. 172 m.) , which has also recently come into notice for sea-bathing. At the back of the village is a subterranean ‘giants 1 tomb 1 , consisting of huge granite blocks ; key kept by the widow of the coast- guardsman Bonnes (50 pf.). About D /2 M. further on we come to the hand- 11 * 164 Route 24. WISMAR. From Hamburg .some Lighthouse , 120 ft. high, commanding an extensive view (fee 1 m. ; but no admittance after 3 /4 hr. before sunset). — One of the chief ex- cursions is a drive to List (carriage there in 3 hrs., 15 m.), a hamlet (" Ta- vern) at the N. end of the island, with a gateway of whale’s bones. Beau- tiful view from the top of the highest sand-hill. The Konigshafen , enclosed by the List-Land, once an excellent harbour, is now choked up with sand. — On the E. side of the island is Keitum ("Friesenhalle), where Hr. Han- sen, the teacher, has a small museum (50 pf.). — Hornum , at the S. end of the island, lies amid dreary dunes. — Boats to be had at Keitum (3 m. per hr. for 1-4 pers.). 24. From Hamburg to Liibeck and to Stettin. Railway to Liibeck , 40 M., in IV2-I3/4 hrs. (fares 5 m. 10 pf., 3 m. 80, 2 m. 60 pf.); to Stettin , 222 M., in 8V2-H hrs. (fares 31 m. 60, 22 m. 80, 16 m. 40 pf.). Hamburg , p. 144. The journey presents few objects of interest. 3 M. Wandsbeck (p. 152); 13 M. Ahrensburg, with a chateau and park of Count Schimmelmann ; 17 M. Bargteheide ; 24 M. Oldesloe , a picturesquely situated watering-place with saline baths (to Neu- miinster, see p. 156); 29 M. Reinfeld. 40 M. Liibeck, see p. 171; to Eutin, seep. 176; to Buchen, see p. 195. — The Mecklenburg line now begins. 51 M. Schon- berg ; 62 M. Grevismuhlen , lying between two lakes; 70 M. Bobitz; 74 M. Kleinen (Rail. Rest.), whence there are branch-lines to Wis- mar and to Schwerin. From Kleinen to Wismar, 10 M., branch-line in 1/2 hr. (fares 1 m. 40, 1 m., 80 pf.). — Wismar ( "Stadt Hamburg , R., L., & A. 2 m. 50, B. 80 pf.), a Mecklenburg town with 14,400 inhab., possesses an excellent harbour and several fine churches. In the architecture of St. Mary's (choir consecrated 1353) and of St. Nicholas (dating mainly from the 15th cent., with vaulting 130 ft. in height, richly ornamented) the influence of the Marienkirche in Liibeck is distinctly traceable. St. George's is a cruciform edifice of elegant proportions, the nave dating from the 15th, the choir from the 14th century. The 1 Alte Schule ’ by St. Mary’s churchyard, dating from 1300, and several other private houses are interesting brick structures in the Gothic style. The Fiirstenhof , formerly a ducal palace, and now the seat of the municipal authorities, is a good specimen of German Re- naissance. The handsomer wing was built by Gabriel van Aken and Valen- tin von Lira; the decorations are alternately in sandstone and terracotta, the latter being remarkably rich. It has lately been restored. The Thor- mann'sche Haus contains handsome old furniture, oil-paintings, etc. (stran- gers admitted). Pleasant excursion by steamboat to Wendorf (restaurant) ; fine view of the harbour. — Near Wismar is Boltenhagen (Grossherzog von Mecklenburg ; Luckmann; Wichmann), a sea-bathing place, visited by 1000 guests annually. From Kleinen to Schwerin, 10 M., railway in 25 min. (fares 1 m. 50, 1 m. 10, 70 pf.). 10 M. Schwerin. — Hotels. :: ‘Hotel du Nord (PI. a; D, 5); "Stern’s Hotel (PI. b; C, 3), on the Pfaffenteich, corner of the Post-Str., R.2m.; *Hotel de Russie (PI. c; B, 4) and Louisenhof (PI. d; C, 4) in the Louisen- Platz, moderate, R. lm. 50, L. 50, A. 80, B. 80 pf.; Hotel de Paris, Ko- nig-Str. 30, well spoken of. Restaurants. "Cohen , Konig-Str.; Dabelstein and Frohleke in the Salz- Str. ; Havemann , Grosse Moor 5 (Hungarian wines). — Confectioner : Krefft , at the corner of the Schloss- and Konig-Str. Cabs 50 pf. per drive; per hour R/4 m.; box 25 pf. Va. gner A Debee, leipzig to Stettin . SCHWERIN. 24. Route. 165 Schwerin , an ancient settlement of Wends, and an episcopal see from 1170 to tlie Reformation, is now a well-built town with 27,000 inhab., and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin, prettily situated on the Lake of Schwerin (14 M. long, broad) and several smaller lakes. The ^Cathedral (PI. 6 ; C, 3), in the Altstadt, a fine brick edifice in the Baltic style, begun in the middle of the 14th cent., on the site of an earlier building of which only the tower exists, and com- pleted in 1430, was judiciously restored in 1867-69. The ‘ Chapel of the Holy Blood\ at the back of the high altar, contains tombs of the grand-ducal family. The stained-glass windows, representing the Ascension, with seven figures of apostles and evangelists, were designed by Cornelius. The N. side of the choir contains a Monument of Duke Christopher (d. 1595). Altar-piece , a Crucifixion, executed by Lenthe under the directions of Cornelius. By one of the S. pillars is an Epitaphium of the Duchess Helena (d. 1524), executed in bronze by the celebrated Peter Vischer of Nuremberg. The four curious monumental Brasses , 10 ft. in height, are of Flemish workmanship, and date from 1473. Admirable new organ. From the cathedral we cross the market-place, and traverse the Konig-Str. and the Schloss-Str., at the end of which, on the right, is the new Collegiengebaude (PI. 4), built in 1865-67, containing government-offices. Beyond it is the Alte Garten (PI. D, 2), an open space , where a Monument to Grand Duke Paul Frederick (PI. 15), designed by Rauch , and erected in 1849 , stands near the Theatre (PI. 21). Here, too, rises a monument to the memory of the Meck- lenburgers who fell in 1870-71, a lofty column of granite crowned with a bronze statue of Megalopolis (Mecklenburg). A new Mu- seum , designed by Willebrand, is being built at the corner of the Anna-Str. to contain the whole of the grand-ducal art- collections. A bridge adorned with two colossal groups (Obotrites equipping their chargers) crosses to an island lying between the Schweriner See and the Burgsee, on which is situated the grand-ducal ^Pa- lace (PI. 19; D, E, 2), begun in the early-Renaissance style from designs by Demmler in 1845, and completed by Stiller in 1857. It is an extensive structure, with irregular wings flanked with lofty towers, and encloses a pentagonal court-yard, the whole producing a very picturesque effect. As early as the beginning of the 12th cent, a palace of the princes of Mecklenburg occupied this site. It was rebuilt in the 15th and 16th cent., and parts of this mediaeval edifice have been skilfully incorporated with the modern palace. Above the portal is an equestrian statue of Niclot, the Obotrite chief. The '"Interior, decorated chiefly by Staler and Strack , is open on Sundays and holidays at noon, on week-days at 10, 1, and 5.30 (from 1st Sept, to 31st March at 3) o'clock (tickets, lm. each, to be obtained from the porter on the left side of the inner portal). On the ground-floor is the Waffenhalle ; on the first floor are the spacious Festsaal , the Thronsaal , and the tasteful Gothic Chapel , built in 1560-63, and afterwards restored. Fine views from the windows. The Burggarten adjoining the SclFoss is also worthy of inspection. The extensive * Schlossgarten (PI. E, F, 2) is reached hence by a bridge. 166 Route 24. SCHWERIN. From Hamburg The Anna-Strasse, leading from the Alte Garten to the S. to the Ducal Stables (open daily till 3 p.m.), contains a number of handsome houses. In the Marien-Str., on the hank of the Pfaffen- teich (PI C 3), there are also some good modern buildings, the finest being the Arsenal (PI. 1), by Demmler (1844). Opposite to it is the Gymnasium , by Willebrand. The Grand Ducal Palace (PI. 13), in the Konig-Str., is the residence of the heir apparent. Near the station rises the Gothic Church of St. Paul (PI. 8a), built by Kruger, containing handsome stained glass, pulpit, and altar. The grand-ducal ^Picture Gallery (PI. 5; C, 3), at the corner of the Alexandrinen-Str. and Wilhelm-Str. , is open to the public on Sun., Wed., and Frid. , 11-2; the collection of engravings on Sun., 12-2 ; and that of engravings and sculpture Mon. and Thurs., 12-2 (strangers admitted at other times also). The gallery now pos- sesses 1600 works, of which 1400 are exhibited to the public. The name of the painter is attached to each picture. I. Saloon: Gaudenzio Ferrari (?), Christ carrying the Cross ; School of Titian , Musical entertainment ; L. Giordano , Madonna and saints ^ Paolo de Matteis , The Immaculate Virgin. — II. Saloon: too the ation; Moretto , Eight saints; L. Bassano , Por l, rait of B ontms Leo , the anatomist; several works by Canaletto ; Jac. v. Ruysdael, Waterfall , H y sum , Flowers and fruit; Jan Steen , The patient; Terburg, Conversation piece; K. Fabritius, Soldier; Claude Lorram , Landscape; Cranach the Elder, LJlrich von Hutten ; Fr. Mieris the Elder , Lady at the piano; A. v.d. Nee , Moonlight. — HI. Saloon: Early German works by the two Cmwac/w, SchduEelin etc — IV. Saloon: Rubens , Lot and his daughters (1612) ; Abr Bloemaert Same subject; Vinck-Boons , Woodland scenes; Gonzales Coaue f Studio ;C. Teniers the Elder, Daniel in the lions’ den .Rembrandt Lady at her toilette (early work); Teniers the Younger, Ravine with peasants* P. Bril, Sea-port; * Frans Hals the Elder, Two men and two laughing* boys (four works); Fr. Hals the Younger, Three pictures musicians; P. Codde, Chamber-concert; Jan Molenaer , Peasants; A. van de, ■ Neer , Conflagration ; Abr. Hondius, llounAs-, Ludger tom ^ John of Leyden and his wife; Frans Flons, Adoration of the Shepherd, , Paul Potter , Five cattle-pieces; Benner, Portraits; Solomon Komnck , Josep interpreting Pharaoh’s dreams; Rottenhammer , Holy Ymily Dentist; W. van Mieris, Bakhuisen, the painter of sea-scenes; C.Vfoom, River-scene — V. Saloon: *M. J. Mierevelt , Five portraits; Livens, St. l- a van de Velde, Red cow; G. Berck-Heyde, Three towns; Job Berck-Heyde, Eating herrings; H. Dubbels and iceman, Sea-pieces, • • Hist J D de IJeem, J. Weenix, Still-life; Th. Wyck, Merchant - Huchten- Camp Toorenvliet, Soldier smoking; Th. de Keyser, Wedded pair in a harden 1 * ’ Ph. Wouverman , Battle, Gipsy- encampment; Brekelenkam, ShoeSr"’ Terburg , Man fading-, A- v. Ostade Tavern; Van iHeyde View of a town; Slingeland , Violin -player. - VI. Saloon. M. d Honde coeter Poultry, etc.; Moucheron, Landscapes; Sim.de Vliegei , ana ju. Bakhuisen, Sea-pieces; Half, De Heem, Weenix, Still-li e; . van e ^ » St. Jerome, in a landscape ; 0. Schalcken Girl with a candle - VII. Saloon. Rembrandt, Head of an old man Portrait of himself (163^ S-K^ek, Saul and David; J. van Vliet, Philip baptising the Junuch jafter -Rem brandt) ; F. Bol, Joseph in prison, Head of a man ; W. v. FLlst, Still , B. v. Heemskerck , Cattle; Bakhuisen and Snut, Sea-pieces-, A. v. Os , Four small heads; F. v. Mieris the Elder, Portraits of himself and his Wife; A. van der Werff, The painter and his wife ; Kara !<*«•'«£** »> voix du public an sujet de Part de la peinture ; /. Fyt, |»me, Ravestunh) Portrait. — VIII. Saloon: Hamilton, Dead fox; Abu Honatus, Roman Carnival, Bear-hunts; 1’roosl, Breakfast; N. Maes, Portraits; several to Stettin. ROSTOCK. 24. Route. 167 works by Bietricy. — IX. Saloon : Just, van ffuysum , Flowers and fruit ; Kalf, Still-life ; Landscapes, cattle-pieces, sea-scenes, etc. — X. Saloon: Several works by Lairesse; Young girls, by Pesne and Mignard ; Bour- guignon , Battle-pieces 5 F. Millet , Landscapes; Lancret , Merry company; Clouet , Portrait; Benner , Portraits — XI. Saloon: N. Molenaer , Ice-scene; Hobbema (?), Water-mill; Everdingen , Northern mountain-scene; 8. Koninck , Old man; Jl. Palamedesz , Girl; Saftleven , Landscapes; C. Poelenburg , Holy Family ; .4. van der Werff , The artist playing chess ; Sea-pieces by .dw- thonissen , /e Vlieger , Z. Bakhuisen , etc. ; Landscapes by /aw and Ruysdael; Flower and fruit-pieces. Upstairs are three rooms containing modern pictures by Achenbach , Gudin , Nerly, Malchin , etc., and one with animal-paintings by /. 5. Oudry. The Collection of Casts, on the ground-floor, contains reproductions of the finest antique sculptures. — The Cabinet of Engravings also in- cludes ivory-carvings and other small objects of art. The collections from the chateau of Ludwigslust (p. 195) are to be united with those of the Picture Gallery when the new museum (p. 165) is ready for their reception. The greater part of them are now in the Arsenal (Pl. 1) , where the paintings may be inspected by connoisseurs by permission of the director. The *Antiquarium (PI. 2; 0, 2), Amts-Str. No. 7, contains the valuable and well-arranged collections of the Mecklenburg Anti- quarian Society, which are also to be removed to the new museum. *Walk to Zippendorf , and along the bank of the lake to Raben - steinfeld , where the grand-duke has a villa. The Pinnower See , V 2 M. thence, surrounded by steep wooded hills, lies 45 ft. lower than the Schweriner See. Steamboat on the Schwerin lake in summer. The Kaninchenwerder (Restaurant), or rabbits’ island, is much visited. Parchim (Hotel de Russie), the birthplace of the famous Prussian field- marshal Count Moltke (b. 1800), to whom a monument, by Brunow, was erected here, is a small town 25 M. to the S.E. of Schwerin (comp. p. 195). Beyond Kleinen (see p. 164) the railway skirts the Lake of Schwerin. 87 M. Blankenberg. 101 M. Butzow (Kramer’s Hotel; Erbgrossherzog), a thriving little town, near which is the peniten- tiary of Dreibergen. From Butzow to Rostock, 19 M., railway in 50 min. (fares 2 m. 80, 1 m. 90, 1 m. 40 pf.). The line runs first on the right, then on the left bank of the Warnow. The only intermediate station is Schwaan . 19 M. Rostock. — Hotels. Hotel de Russie (R. 2 m.) and Sonne, in the Neue Markt; *Stadt Hamburg, Fischbank 17; Pohley’s Hotel. Restaurants. * Friemann , Friedrich - Franz - Str. 109; Ahrens, Hopfen- markt 29; *Fricke , Breite-Str. ; wine at * Hansch's , by the Marienkirche; beer at Bannien's , Lange-Str. 79. — Bellevue , Tivoli , Thalia - Theater, &c. are places of popular resort. Post Office (PI. 8), Post-Str. ; new one in progress between the Stein tlior and the War Monument. Rostock , with 36,000 inhab., once a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, and the most important place in the Duchy of Mecklenburg, lies about 6 M. from the Baltic on the Warnow , which is 550 yds. wide, and deep enough for vessels of moderate tonnage to enter the town. Rostock possesses more merchant vessels (up- ROSTOCK. From Hamburg 168 Route 24. wards of 370) than any other seaport on the Baltic, and carries on a considerable trade in grain, herrings, petroleum, and coal. — The astronomer Kepler once taught at the University here (founded 1419; 200 stud.), having been appointed professor by Wallenstein during his brief supremacy in 1629. Like Liibeck, the town still retains a picturesque, mediaeval appearance. Besides the handsome churches, the visitor will observe a number of tasteful Gothic dwelling-houses, some of which are adorned with coloured bricks. Leaving the station we pass through the Steinthor to the Neue Markt which contains the late-Gothic Rathhaus (PI. 3) , built in 1365-90, with tasteless modern additions, beyond which we reach the Marierikirche (PI. 4), a fine edifice erected in the Baltic-Gothic style in 1398-1472, containing numerous tombstones, chiefly of the Meerheimb family. A stone in the church marks the spot where the learned Grotius, who died here in 1645 on his way as Swedish ambassador to the French Court , was buried ; his body was after- wards removed to Delft in Holland. The lofty tower of St. Peter s Church (PL 9), 433 ft. high, dating from the 14th cent., serves as a landmark to mariners. The Church of St. James (PI. 7), dates from the same century. The Church of St. Nicholas (PI. 10), of rather earlier date than the Marienkirche, has a handsome carved altar (1400) and beautifully carved benches. l: 20.000. t JOO_ _ 300 _ -Jl'° Meter. to Stettin. ROSTOCK. 24. Route. 169 From the Neue Markt diverges the Blut-Str., continued by the long Hopfen-Markt and leading to theBliicher-Platz, both containing a number of mediaeval houses. In the middle of the square rises a bronze Statue of Blucher , who was born in 1742 in the Blucher-Str. , in the house No. 22, marked by a tablet. The reliefs are in allusion to the marshal’s defeat at Ligny and his victory at Waterloo. Gebhard Lebrecht v. Blucher , first entered the Swedish, then the Prus- sian military service. When captain of cavalry in 1772, in consequence of a delay in his promotion, he applied for his discharge, which was granted in the characteristic words of Frederick the Great, ‘Der Ritt- meister v. Blucher soil sich zum Teufel scheeren’, i. e. may betake himself to the devil! After Frederick's death he re-entered the service as major in 1787, distinguished himself against the French in 1793, and in 1806 became general of the advanced guard of the army. After the disastrous battle of Jena he retreated to Liibeck , where after a determined resist- ance he was at length compelled to capitulate. In 1813 he was appointed to the command of the Silesian army (40,000 Prussians and Russians), defeated the French at the Katzbach (p. 256) , and paved the way for the victory of Leipsic by the battle of Mockern, on 16th and 18th Oct. On New Year's Day, 1814, he crossed the Rhine at Caub , defeated Na- poleon on 1st Feb. at La Rothiere, and on 31st March took the Mont- martre at Paris by storm. At Paris Blucher was created marshal and Prince of Wahlstadt by the King of Prussia, and afterwards accompanied him to England, where among other marks of distinction the degree of D.C.L. was conferred on him by the University of Oxford. After Napo- leon's return in 1815 Blucher commanded the Prussian army of 115,000 men , and was repulsed by the French at Ligny on 16th June. He suc- ceeded, however, in rallying his army with wonderful rapidity, and on the memorable 18th, arriving on the field of Waterloo at 4.30 p. m. , de- cided the victory. On the termination of the war Blucher retired to his estates in Silesia., where he died on 12th Sept. 1819. Proceeding to the left, we next come to tbe Grand Ducal Palace (PI. 5). Facing us is tbe new University Building (PI. 6), a band- some structure in tbe Renaissance style , built in 1867-70 from a design by Willebrandt, and adorned with statues and medallion- portraits ; it bas a handsome vestibule and ‘aula’, and contains a library of 140,000 volumes. The Warnow , tbe channel of which is 12-15 ft. in depth, forms an excellent harbour for vessels of moderate burden. Pleasant walk of 3 / 4 hr. along the bank, past the walls of the town, and through the Promenade , laid out on the old ramparts. The new Hospital and the Anatomical and Physiological Institution are passed on the way, Near the new school-house rises a monument to Mecklenburgers who fell in France in 1870-71. The Steamboat Wharves , on the high- road to Doberan, 3 / 4 M. from the Kropeliner-Thor, are interesting. Near the Steinthor, Stein-Str. 1, is the Town Museum (PI. 2), adjacent to which is the Theatre (PI. 1). Small steamboats ply every hr. in summer to (5 min.) the Fdhre and (10 min.) Bramow , two popular resorts , commanding a fine view of the town and the Warnow. Steamboat from Rostock (in summer 6-12 times a day, in 1 hr., fare 50 pf.) to Warnemiinde (* Stralendorf. * Hotel Pavilion , * Hiibner, all on the beach, D. 1V2-2, ‘pension' from 6 m. ; * Thormann's Restaurant ; lod- gings 12-60 m. per week), a seaport on the Baltic, 8 M. to the N., which is entered and quitted by about 700 vessels annually. The sea-bathing 170 Route 24 . MALCHIN. attracts about 2000 visitors in July and August , times a day to the Rostocker Heide , with the bathing-place Muritz^^M from Warnemunde (reached from Rostock by carr. in 2-24 hrJ V ’ 9 ' ^^nSa^lO M°to thT^ Linden- From Rostock to Copenhagen , see p. 179. The Mecklenburg Line proceeds from the Biitzow junction in an easterly direction to (109 M.) Giistrow (*Erbgrossherzog ■ *Hotel de Russie), a town of 11,000 inhab., the centre of the Mecklenburg 7,°“; ' V , lth ^ a 'lo-l 1 'l, dUCal Schloss and Gothic cathedral. — 141 M. Lalendorf ; 127 M. Teterow. i36 M. Malchin (Hotel de Russie), a town with 5350 inhab. and a fine church of the 14th cent., situated in the plain of the Feene, between the Cummerower See and Malchiner See. The en- r7i 0 / n t *l e pretty * — Branch-line from Malchin to (17 M ) Waren (1 1/2 hr.) picturesquely situated on the Muritz, the largest inland lake m Mecklenburg. 143 M. Stavenhagen, birthplace of Fritz Reuter (1810-741 the Platt-Deutsch poet ; 155 M. Molln. - 164 M. Neubrandenburg (Ooldene Kugel; Furstenhof), a busy town of 7500 inhab., situated ° n To ^ enser See - It: Possesses a church of the 14th cent., and tour txothic gates, and carries on a considerable trade in wool. On t ie lake , 1 72 M. from the town, is the Belvedere , a chateau of the Orand Duke. — Neubrandenburg is the junction for the Berlin Nordbahn (to Stralsund), see p. 196. onoM 7 M d 0ertz ™ h °f;- M. Strassburg, the first Prussian station ; 2U2 M Pasewalk (p. 196), the junction for the line from Berlin to Stralsund via Angermiinde ; 213 M. Locknitz. 222 M. Stettin , see p. 204. 25. Prom Berlin to Liibeck and Kiel. Railway from Berlin to Biichen , 149 M., in 4-7 lirs rfm-e* 10 m on * 14 ^ 60 ’ 8 22 70 > 16 m * 80, 12 m 20 pf.*). ( From Bdchen toLiibeck, 30 M in 1V2-1 3 A hr. (fares 3 m. 90, 2 m. 90, 2 m. 10 pf.). From Lubeck to Kiel , j 0 M., in 27 4 -23/ 4 hrs. (fares 6 m. 60, 5 m., 3*4. 40 pf.). Carriages are changed^ at Eutin and Ascheberg. The express train from Berlin to Kiel runs via Hamburg (RR. 28, 22). From Berlin to (149 M.) Biichen, see p. 195. — 160 M. Molln (Stadt Liineburg ; *Stadt Hamburg), a small town with numerous mediaeval buildings, pleasantly situated on a lake. The popular German jester, Till Eulenspiegel, is said to have died here in 1350 in proof of which his tombstone with an owl (‘Eule’) and mirror (‘Spiegel’) upon it, and various personal relics are shown to the curious. Attractive excursion hence to the (9y 2 M.) Schall-See, witli its prettily wooded banks and islands. Hotels. LUBECK. 25. Route. 171 166 M. Ratzeburg (DanieVs Hotel), a town with 4200 inhab. , formerly a celebrated episcopal see, is charmingly situated on an island in the Ratzeburger See, the banks of which are clothed with fine beech forests, but is only partly visible from the railway. It belongs half to Lauenburg and half to Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The handsome late-Romanesque * Cathedral, begun in 1164, is said to have been founded by Henry the Lion (Gothic additions). The visi- tor should make a trip by boat to Waldesruh , a pleasant spot amid the woods on the E. bank of the lake (refreshments). 179 M. Lubeck. — Hotels. * Stadt Hamburg (PI. a; C, 6) , on the . Klingberg, R. 2y 2 m., L. 50, A. 60 pf., B. im.; *Duffcke’s Hotel (PL b; D, 5), at the corner of the Meng-Str. and Breite-Str., commercial; 'Hotel du Nord (PL c; D, 4), Breite-Str.; similar charges in all; *Brock- muller's Hotel (PL d; D, 4) , in the Kohlmarkt, commercial, R. & A. 2 m. ; *Goldene Anker, unpretending. Restaurants. * Raths- Weinkeller , claret and Rhine wines; Fredenhageri's Keller , corner of the Fisch-Str. and the Schiisselbuden (Pl. C, 5), wine. — Beer: : 'Battler , Obere iEgidien-Str ; * Riemann , Schiisselbuden; Schiffer- gesellschaft (p. 175); * Hahn's Hotel , and * Deutscher Kaiser , corner of the Konig- and Johannis-Str. (Pl. D, 5), both with gardens. Theatres. Town Theatre (Pl. 22), in winter only; Tivoli Theatre (Pl. 24), summer and winter; Victoria Theatre , outside the Muhlen-Thor (Pl. D, 8). Near the last is the Colosseum , a concert-garden. Cabs. Per drive, for 1-2 pers. 60 pf., each additional pers. 20 pf. ; luggage 30 pf. Marzipan (the old English ‘marchpane 1 ) is a kind of macaroon for which Lubeck is famous; to be had of Prahl , Beckergrube 142; Nieder- egger , Breite-Str.; Maret , in theMarkt; Meyer, Konig-Str. Baths at the Hiixterdamm. Steamboats to Travemiinde, thrice daily; also to Copenhagen (p. 178) and other ports on the Baltic, to Schwartau (p. 176), to Boltenhagen (p. 164), and to Ileiligendamm (p. 170). Small steamboats ply on the Trave from one end of the town to the other every 5-10 minutes. Custom House, see remark on p. 145. Lubeck, with 44,700 inliab., the smallest of the three independent Hanseatic towns of the German Empire, was once at the head of the League, and is still a busy commercial place. It lies 9 M. from the Baltic, on the Trave, the channel of which has been deepened, so as to afford access to vessels of considerable size. The town still con- tains reminiscences of its mediaeval greatness in its lofty towers, its ancient gabled houses in the late-Gothic and Renaissance style, for- tified gateways, Gothic churches, and its venerable Rathhaus. Lubeck was founded in 1143 by Count Adolph II. of Holstein , on the site of an earlier town of the Wends, and shortly afterwards ceded to Henry the Lion, under whom it prospered so well that it was declared a free town of the Empire in 1226 and invested with important municipal privileges. In 1227 Lubeck in alliance with the Holsteiners signally de- feated the Danes at Bornhoved , thus releasing the surrounding country from their yoke , and in 1234 they gained the first German naval victory on record at Travemiinde , which overthrew the naval supremacy of the Danes. Lubeck’s enterprising spirit, coupled with the increasing activity of the neighbouring towns (Rostock, Wismar, Greifswald, Stralsund, Ham- burg), gave rise to the foundation of the Hanseatic League (from ‘Hansa 1 , i. e. association) , an alliance of the great commercial towns of N. Germany, which formed a peace-loving, but powerful bond of union between West- ern and Eastern Europe. The first alliances were indeed soon dissolved, 172 Route 25. LUBECK. Rathhaus. but in the 14th cent, they were eagerly renewed, in consequence of the Danes having by the conquest of the ancient colony of Wisby in the is- land of Gothland in 1361 threatened to monopolise the trade of the Baltic. The war resolved on by the first general Hanseatic Diet at Cologne in 1367 soon raised the League to the zenith of its power. They conquered S. Sweden and Denmark and permanently garrisoned several important places within these countries , and by the Peace of Stralsund in 1370 they even became entitled to ratify the election of the kings of Denmark. The League enjoyed marked prosperity for upwards of a century, and embraced eighty cities in all, from Reval to Amsterdam, and from Cologne to Breslau and Cracow, which according to their situation belonged to one of four sections, viz. the Wendish, the Prussian, the Westphalian, and the Gothlandisli, and had their factories at Bergen, Novogorod, London, and Bruges. Liibeck at that period numbered 80-90,000 inhab., and held undisputed precedence over the other members of the League. Towards the close of the 15th cent, the increasing power of the Northern and the Russian empires proved detrimental to the League, and its decline was accelerated by the new commercial relations of Europe with America and India, which were chiefly carried on through the medium of England and Holland. Notwith- standing this, Liibeck again endeavoured to assert her ancient supremacy over the Baltic, and the enterprising burgomaster Jurgen Wullenwever conceived the bold project of establishing a democratic hegemony over the Scandinavian kingdoms (1531-35). But these schemes proved abortive, and a war against Sweden in 1563-70, although not unattended with glory, led to no practical result. Lubeck , s power thenceforth declined, but she preserved her position as a free city of the Empire, and continued to en- joy a considerable share of commercial prosperity, although her population gradually dwindled down to one-third of its ancient number. In the history of Mediaeval Architecture Liibeck is a place of great importance, owing to the care with which brick building was practised here. This style was probably introduced from Holland in the 12th cent., and was chiefly cultivated during the Gothic period. The Liibeck style of church-architecture, particularly that of the Marien-Kirche, has extended to Mecklenburg, Pomerania, Prussia, Brandenburg, and far to the W. beyond the frontiers of Holstein. The material was unsuitable for rich plastic decoration , and compelled the architects to simplify their forms. Thus the buildings are destitute of foliage \ the capitals are trapezium- shaped instead of cubical , and there are no slender columns $ but these peculiarities led to new structural and decorative beauties. Great attention was paid to the vaulting, spacious halls were constructed without diffi- culty, surfaces, otherwise blank, were enlivened by moulded stones, and coloured bricks were introduced for the same purpose. The external architecture of the churches appears plain and clumsy , owing to the sparing use of flying buttresses, but the interiors are generally imposing. Leaving tlie station (PI. B, 5) we enter the town by the inner Holstenthor , a fine specimen of a mediaeval gateway, completed in 1477 and restored in 1871. The Holsten-Strasse leads straight to the Market (PI. C, 5), in which rises the Rathhaus (see below). This square is adorned by a Gothic Fountain , erected in 1873, with statues of Henry the Lion, Adolph II. of Holstein-Lauenburg, Emperor Barbarossa, and Fre- derick II. Here, too, is situated the old Pranger (see below). The *Rathhaus (PI. 20), occupying the N.E. corner of the market-place, a Gothic brick building with huge gables and quaint spires , consists of two buildings adjoining each other at right angles ; the oldest part was completed in 1444. In 1570 the principal part of the building, adjoining the Market, was em- bellished with a handsome entrance-hall in the Renaissance style, St. Mary's Church. LUBECK. 25. Route. 173 and in 1594 a handsome staircase in the same style was constructed on the side next the Breite-Str. The Audience Chamber , with a door dating from 1573 and pictures by Tonelli (18th cent.), and the Kriegsstube (‘War Chamber’), with beautiful carved-wood pa- nelling and a marble mantelpiece (1595), are worthy of inspection. The ancient Hanseatic Hall, in which the diets were held, has been converted into public offices. A side-door leads to the gallery of the Borsensaal. The keeper lives on the ground-floor, beside the stair- case in the Breite-Str. (fee 50 pf.). Under the N. wing is the entrance to the Rathskeller (see p. 171), which was completed in 1443, and is remarkable for its fine well-preserved vaulting. The Chimney Piece in the apartment where bridal festivities were wont to be celebrated bears the quaint inscription , ‘Menich Man lude synghet, wen me em de Brut briniet ; weste he wat men em brochte, dat he wol wenen mochte’ (many a man sings loudly when they bring him his bride; if he knew what they brought him, he might well weep). The Admiral's Table is said to he made of a plank of the last admiral’s ship of Liiheck (1570). The Pranger , or in Low German Kaak (PI. 3), a Gothic struc- ture of brick in the market-place, has been converted into market- stalls. A few paces to the N. of the market rises the *Church of St. Mary (PI. 15 ; C, 5), the finest edifice at Liiheck, and one of the most ad- mirable examples of low German brick architecture, which has served as a model for numerous churches in this part of the country. It was indebted for its origin in 1276-1304 to the ambition of the citi- zens to have their principal church larger than the cathedral of the bishop. The plan is similar to that of the French cathedrals, the aisles being lower than the nave, which is not the case with most of the brick churches. It is 335 ft. long ; transept 162 ft. in height and 186 ft. in width ; nave 127 ft. ; spires 407 ft. high. Interior (open 10-1 o’clock; the sacristan, who lives in the neighbouring Meng-Str. 4, is generally in the church about noon). The S.W. Portal, by which the church is usually entered, leads into the Briefcapelle’ (chapel of letters) , so named from letters of indulgence having once been sold there, with groined vaulting supported by two slender monoliths ; altar in carved wood, of the 15th century. At the W. end of the nave is a Font of 1337. — Beyond it is the Chapel of the Bergenfahrer, with the ‘Mass of St. Gregory’ (in distemper). 'Altar with scenes from the life of the Virgin, 1518 ; altar-piece with Descent from the Cross and Saints, 1494. The Dance of Death, in a closed chapel on the left, dates from the 15th cent., but has been frequently retouched. — In the follow- ing chapel the "Taking leave of the body of the Saviour, painted by F. Overbeck in 1845. — The Sacristy contains some good carving from the old altar, nearly all gilded , representing scenes from the life of Christ (about 1425). — Farther on, against a pillar on the left, hangs an admi- rable old winged picture, the Nativity, Adoration of the Magi, and Flight into Egypt, painted in 1518, ascribed to Jan Mostaert. Adjacent is a tablet in memory of the war of 1870-71. — Opposite are stone-reliefs of Christ wash- ing his Disciples’s feet and the Last Supper ; at the foot of the latter is a black mouse gnawing at the roots of an oak, the ancient emblem of the city. — The Clock at the back of the high altar, dating from 1561-65, and repaired in 1860, from which at noon the Emperor and Electors step forth, move past the Saviour, and disappear on the other side , always attracts numerous spectators; below it is an astronomical dial, which gives eclipses 174 Route 25 . LUBECK. Cathedral. of the sun and moon and various other data down to the year 1999. — The so-called Beichtcapelle , to the E. , at the back of the choir, contains OverbecTc's Entry of Christ into Jerusalem , painted in 1824. The "Stained Glass in this chapel was executed by a Florentine in Liibeck in 1436. — High Altar of 1697, adjoined by the graceful Gothic *Ciborium of 1479. Some wood-carving on the benches, several brasses of the 15th and 16th cent, (including that of Gott. Wigerinck , in the Renaissance style , of 1518), the rococo monuments, the pulpit of 1694, and the numerous hand- some screens are also worthy of notice. — The organ-loft of the largest of the three organs (W. side ; 5134 pipes and 80 stops) is in the ornate style of the latest Gothic period (1516-18). To tlie S.W. , near the market, is the Church of St. Peter (PI. 17; sacristan, Petri-Kirchhof 307), a Gothic edifice with double aisles , on the site of a Romanesque church of 1170, erected about the year 1300. The monumental brass of the burgomaster Cling- henherch , a work executed in the Netherlands in 1356, merits inspection. We now cross the Klingberg (PI. C, 6), where there is a hand- some new Fountain , designed by F. Schmitz of Cologne, and er- ected as a monument of victory. In front of the Stadt Hamburg Hotel are two colossal lions in cast iron, designed by Rauch. Proceeding farther in the same direction, we reach the Cathe- dral (PI. 12; sacristan, Hartengrube 743), founded by Henry the Lion in 1173, re-erected in 1276, and completed in 1334; towers 394 ft. high. The church is generally entered by the E. portal of the N. aisle, which consists of a vestibule, with an inner and outer portal. The * Inner Portal , transept, choir, and nave are in the Romanesque , the rest of the edifice in the Gothic style. The whole edifice is under repair. Interior. Font of 1445 in the chapel behind the organ. — An elegant rail- ing around the pulpit is attributed by a tradition to the workmanship of the devil; the pulpit itself dates from 1568. — Choir -screen ot the 15th cent.; in front of it a large crucifix dating from 1477. In the Choir, the recumbent bronze "Figure of Bishop Bockholt (d. 1341), founder of the choir. Brazen lamp of the 15th century. — High Altar of 1696; in front of it the tombstone of Gerold, the first Bishop of Liibeck (d. 1163). Farther on , Portrait of Canon van Korbrinck , by Kniller (1672). — The Archiepiscopal Chapel to the left of the choir, contains sarcophagi of the last prince-bishops. — In the next Chapel the "Monument of the bishops von Serken and von Mull, Netherlands workmanship of the 14th cent. ; Madonna of 1509 in coloured stucco. — The Greveraden-Capelle contains an "Al- tar-piece of 1491, said to have been painted by Memling : on the external shutters is represented the Annunciation, in grisaille, apparently almost entirely by the master’s own hand ; on the inner shutters are painted the life-size figures of SS. Blasius with the candle, John the Baptist, Jerome, and iEgidius with the doe. The inner pictures are scenes from the Passion, connected by a landscape in the background with the Crucifixion occupying the principal place in the centre. The handiwork of the master’s assistants is most apparent here. The Dornhof , adjoining the Cathedral on the S., is an interest- ing old structure, now converted into a hospital; a new building prevents its being visible from the Dom-Platz. The AUgidierikirche (PI. 9; D, 6) is a somewhat cumbrous struc- ture of the 14th century. — The eminent painter Friedrich Overbeck (d, at Rome in 1869) was born in 1789 at No. 894 Konig-Strasse. Burgthor. LUBECK. 25. Route. 175 The now disused *Church of St. Catharine (PL 11 ; D, E, 4), an admirable structure in the early-Gothic style , possesses an elegant choir borne by columns , where a collection of ecclesiastical anti- quities and carved altars is now preserved (open Mon. and Thurs., 12-1). The buildings of the monastery are occupied by a grammar- school (Gymnasium) and Library, containing several historical trea- sures. — The Gesellschaft zur Be for derung gemeinniitziger Thatig - keit , Breite-Str. 786, also possesses a collection of Liibeck anti- quities (adm. Mon., Wed., Frid., 12-1). Herr Harms , Breite-Str. 775, possesses an extensive collection of ancient (chiefly Netherlandish) and modern pictures , to which connoisseurs are admitted. — The Natural History Cabinet , Breite- Str. 805, includes a collection of gorillas, presented to the city by the African traveller H. Brehmer. The Jacobikirche (PI. 13 ; sacristan Breite-Str. 770, a corner- house), a Gothic building of the 14th cent. , contains a chapel (the Bromsencapelle) with a remarkable * Altar of the latter part of the 15th cent., representing the Crucifixion in relief in the centre, and the family of the donor, the Burgomaster Bromse, on the wings. Opposite the W. Portal of the church is the handsome house of the Schiffergesellschaft (PI. 18), with interior little altered, an in- teresting example of an old guild-house. — The third house from it, that of the Kaufleute-Compagnie (PI. 8), Breite-Str. 800, con- tains some admirable wood-carving, particularly in the old *Freden- hagen-Room , executed in 1585, and transferred hither (open Thurs., 1-2; at other times by paying a fee). The Hospital zum Heiligen Geist (PI. 7 ; E, 4), on the Kuhberg, is an admirably organised institution. A fine early-Gothic chapel, dating from the early part of the 14th cent., and now rarely used for divine service, serves as an entrance -hall. The chapel and its an- cient mural-paintings were restored in 1866. — A short distance hence , in the Grosse Burg-Str., is the old Burgkloster (PI. E, 3), a fine brick edifice of the 13th cent., recently restored, and contain- ing an Industrial Exhibition. The *Burgthor (PI. E, 2), the N. gate of the town, is a lofty brick structure of 1444. In the vicinity, on 6th Nov. 1806, several severe engagements took place between Bliicher , with the wreck of the Prussian army which had survived the battle of Jena and retreated to Liibeck, and the pursuing French marshals Bernadotte, Soult, and Murat. — The promenades outside the Burgthor com- mand a pleasing view of the harbour and the Marien-Kirche. The house No. 298 on the Trave contains a Weinstube , or tap- room, curiously carved in wood in 1644. The Wine Trade of Liibeck, particularly with Bordeaux, is very con- siderable. A visit to the cellars of one of the principal firms ( Pfliig , BehncJce , Massmann & Nissen , Tesdorpf , or Lorenz Harms Sohne) will be found interesting if an introduction can be obtained. To the N. of the station is the ‘Chimborasso’ (PI. 5; B, 3), an 176 Route 25. EUTIN. eminence commanding a fine ^Survey. The harbour and the old ram- parts on the S.W. side of the town also afford pleasant walks. Travemiinde ( Kurhaus ; * Hotel de Russie ; Victoria Hotel, etc.), IO72 M. to the N.E. of Liiheck (steamer twice daily, fares 1 m. 25 pf., 1 m.), a sea- bathing place, was the port of Ltibeck before the deepening of the river. From Lubeck to Hamburg and Mecklenburg , see R. 24. Beyond Liiheck the train follows the left bank of the Trave. 183 M. Schwartau (Hotel Geertz), a favourite resort from Lubeck, with wooded environs. The train next traverses moorland and brushwood. 187 M. Pausdorf ; 192 M. Gleschendorf ; 194 M. Ot- tendorf. Shortly before reaching Eutin our line is joined by the East-Holstein Railway from Neustadt , on the Bay of Lubeck. 199 M. Eutin ( *Stadt Hamburg , Liibecker-Str., R. and A. 21/2, D. 3 m.; Victoria ; Kopke's Hotel , in the Markt; Am See Hotel ; carriages for excursions 15-18 m. per day), pleasantly situated be- tween the Grosse and Kleine Eutiner See , was the seat of a bishop till 1535, and now belongs with its Schloss and pretty ^Grounds to the Duke of Oldenburg (4100 inhab.). Weber (d. 1826), the great composer, was born here, in a house in the Liibecker-Str., denoted by an inscription. The "Environs of Eutin, as far as Plon and Preetz towards the W. , and Lutjenburg towards the N.E. , are the most picturesque part ('1 Holstein. Good village inns. About P/4 M. to the N. of Eutin is the picturesque Kellersee , on the bank of which rises the * Bruhnsche Koppel or Sahlkamp (Inn), commanding a beautiful view. A path along the E. bank of the lake leads, partly through pleasant beech-woods, to ( 3 /4 hr.) Siel- beck. The charming "Ukleisee, 7 min. to the E. of Sielbeck, should next be visited; the walk round it occupies 1 hr. (inn unpretending). Foot- paths lead from the Uklei inn towards the N.E. in P/4 hr. to the Bungs- berg (570 ft.), the highest point in the district, the tower on which commands an extensive panorama of land and sea, extending to the Danish islands. Thence 12 M. (or direct from Eutin by the loftily situated village of Kirchniichel about 18 M.) to Lutjenburg (Stadt Hamburg ), from which * Hassberg, a charmingly situated sea-bathing place (not expen- sive), is 3 M. distant. From Lutjenburg in 2 hrs. by the Stoss farm and the N. bank of the Selenter See to Panker , seat of the Landgrave of Hessen. Near it rises the "Pielsberg (446 ft.), with the tower of Hessenstein , which commands one of the most extensive prospects in N. Germany. Farther to the W. is Salzau , with the chateau and park of Count Blome ; then the Probstei (p. 158). — A pleasant road leads from Lutjenburg on the S. bank of the Selenter See by (7 M.) Selent and the *Blomenburg , a shoot- ing-box of Count Blome, to Rastorf (772 from Selent; see below), or to the S.W. to Preetz (see below). The scenery between Eutin, Plon, and Ascheberg is very pretty. 203 M. Gremsmiihlen (*Hotel Gremsmiihlen), charmingly situated on the Dieksee , with an interesting piscicultural establishment. A beautiful footpath leads hence along the Dieksee to (772 M.) Plon. — At the W. end of the Keller-See (see above), 3 / 4 M. from Gremsmiihlen, is the village of Malente, where Voss laid the scene of his poem ‘Louise 1 . 208 M. Plon {*Stadt Hamburg , R. & L. 1 m. 80, A. 50 pf. ; *Prinz) is very picturesquely situated between the Grosse and Kleine Ploner See (pleasant steamboat trip every morning in summer from 7 to 9 round the former to Ascheberg, see below). The Prussian military school was once a royal Danish chateau. A pleasant walk FREDERIC! A. 26. Route. 177 of 1V2-2 hrs. may be taken as follows : from tbe station by the Eu- tin road to (*/4 M.) Muller s Baths (* ‘Pension’ 3 m. 60 pf., with gar- den-restaurant ; steamb.-stat., boats), on the Grosse See, near which is the Rosenmuhle , both commanding a fine view. Then to the Steinberg (view), and by the Liitjenburg road round the Schohsee to the Parnass , a good point of view at the entrance to the wood ; lastly to *Langes Garden (Pension), 1/3 M. from the station. The railway skirts the N. bank of the Grosse Ploner See. 212 M. Ascheberg , near Count Ahlefeldt’s estate of that name, junction for Neumiinster (p. 156). The Kiel line turns to the N. and skirts the Lanker See. — 217 1 / 2 M. Preetz (Stadt Hamburg) possesses a con- vent for ladies of noble birth, founded as early as 1220. A walk of 1 hr. may be taken hence to Rastorf, with a beautiful park in the valley of the Schwentine , which forms the outlet of the Ploner See$ then in 2 hrs. down the valley by the "Rastorf Paper-mill and Op- pendorf to Neumiihlen (p. 158). 229 M. Kiel, see p. 156. 26. From N. Germany to Copenhagen. a. From Hamburg through Schleswig, Jutland, and the Danish Islands. Railway the whole way, with the exception of the short ferries to Fiinen and Zealand. Through-train in 15 3 /4 hrs. (fares 41 m. 50, 31 m. 60, 20 m. 40 pf.). From Hamburg to Vamdrup , the Danish frontier station (153 M.), see R. 22. (Luggage booked for Copenhagen is not examined till the capital is reached.) 12 M. (from the frontier) Kolding , with the imposing ruin of Koldinghus. 24 M. Fredericia (Railway Restaurant ) is an unimportant place, surrounded by a girdle of decaying fortifications. An interesting- bronze *Statue of a soldier here commemorates the victory of the Danes over the Schleswig-Holstein besiegers in 1849. Passengers cross the Little Belt by a steamboat to Fiinen, Dan. Fyen , and land at Strib , near Middelfart (Behrendt’s Hotel), a sea-bathing place. Several unimportant stations. 33 M. (from Strib) Odense ( Larsen's Hotel), the capital of the island, with 15,000 inhab., the birthplace of Andersen (p. 190). The Cathedral of St. Knut, erected in 1086-1301, contains monuments of the kings John and Christian II. The Fiinen railway terminates at (51 y 2 M.) Nyborg. The steamer departs 1/2 hr. after tbe arrival of the train, and crosses the Great Belt to Zealand in D/4 hr. The starting-point of the Zealand line is Korsor (*Hotel Store Belt; Rail. Restaurant), with 3000 inhabitants. Then stations Slagelse, Sorb (on the lake of that name, surrounded by beech and pine-woods ; Cistercian church of the 12th cent.), and Ringsted (with an ancient Benedictine church). 49 y 2 M. (from Korsor) Roeskilde, pron. Roskille ( Hotel Prind - sen; Frederiksstad ; Rail. Restaurant ), an old town on the deeply Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 12 178 Route 26. ROESKILDE. indented fjord of that name, the capital of the kingdom down to 1448 (comp. p. 182), and the residence of the bishop of Zealand down to the Reformation, once numbered 100,000 inhab., but now contains 5000 only. The only relic of its ancient glory is the fine * Cathedra l (sacri stan , Danish ‘Graver’, nearly opposite the W. portal, 1-3 pers. 2 croner), consecrated in 1084, restored after a fire in 1282, and at subsequent periods, and finally in 1868. It contains the tombs •of the Danish kings, most of whom, from Harold I. (d. 985) down to Frederick VII. fd. 1863) repose here, the earlier in vaults, the more recent in chapels added to the church in 1615-42 and 1772-1825. Some of their monuments are worthy of inspection. The small gate opposite theN. side of the church leads to grounds which command a pleasing view of the fjord. — The 8. Zealand Railway diverges here (see p. 179). The train runs in 1 hr. from Roeskilde to Copenhagen. Last stat. Frederiksberg (p. 191). — 68 M. Copenhagen , see p. 179. A very pleasant journey may be made by taking the steamer from Flensburglv m--> Mon., WecL ’ and Frid - at 6 ‘ 30 a ' m F fa ? ? °T. 6 + cr, J )a ^ ) to Sonderburg; then round the S. point of Alsen, and past in the island of Fiinen; thence skirting the S. coast of this island, to Svendborg (*Wandairs Hotel), a very prettily situated little town opposite the island of Tcising ; and lastly arriving at Korsor at 5.(50 p.m. b. From Kiel to Copenhagen by Korsor. Steamer to Korsor (see above) at 12.15 a.m. and 11.45 a.m. in 6-7 hrs. (cabin-fare 11 m. 30 pf.). Railway from Korsor to Co- penhagen in 31/4 hrs. (see above) ; fares 8 cr., 6 cr., 3 cr. 70 ore, Dan. currency. — Steamer from Kiel to Copenhagen (direct), twice weekly (Tues. and Frid. at 9 p.m.) in 17 hrs. ; fare 17 m. 70 or 12 m. 50 pf. c. From Liibeck to Copenhagen. Steamer from 1st April to 30th Sept, daily in 16 hrs. ; fare 18 m. or 15 m. 75 pf. — Another steamer runs once a week via Ny- kjobing (see p. 179). n. The steamer usually starts from Liibeck about 4 p.m. (ILL), oj. The descent of the Trave is uninteresting. In IV 2 1 ^ ave ' munde (p. 176) is reached. The Travemunder or Neustadter Bucht is then traversed. The chalk cliffs of the Danish island of Moen and the coast of Zealand come in sight about 4 a. m. ; then the light- house of Falsterbo on the Swedish coast, opposite which , on the Danish side, is the Kjoge Bugt (p. 179). . , The vessel steers round the fertile island of Amager , on which the village of Dragor is situated. To the right on the Swedish coast lies Malmo (p. 195). The island of Saltholm is next passed, and the tow- ers of Copenhagen at length become visible. The LynettenzndTre Kroner batteries, which proved so destructive to the English flee on 2nd April, 1801, are passed, and about 6 a. m. the Harbour of Copenhagen, defended by the citadel of Frederikshavn , is reached. NYKJOBING. 26. Route. 179 d. From Rostock to Copenhagen by Nykjobing . Steamer to Nykjobing in 4i/ 2 hrs., daily (except Sun.) in June, July, and Aug., and thrice weekly in April, May, and Sept, (fare 71/2 or ^V 2 m * 5 return-ticket 12 or 7 m.). — From Nykjobing to Copenhagen in 5-5y 4 hrs. ; fares 9 cr. 50, 6 cr. 70 6. From Nykjobing , a small seaport, the railway for Copenhagen crosses the W. side of the island of Falster and reaches the Great Belt at Orehoved. Steamer thence in 20 min. to Masnedsund , a small seaport in S. Zealand, and the terminus of the S. Zealand railway; the trains run hence to Copenhagen in 3-3V 2 hrs. — Sta- tions Vordingborg (with a fine ruined castle), Lundby , Nastved (with beautiful beech-wood), and Kjoge (Mot. Prindsen), an ancient town, prettily situated on the Kjoge Bugt , where the Danes under Nils Juel gained a great naval victory over the Swedes in 1677. At Roeskilde (p. 177) the S. and W. Zealand lines unite. Thence to Copenhagen , see p. 178. e. From Stralsund to Copenhagen by Malmo. Steamer to Malmo thrice weekly (Mon., Wed., & Frid.) in sum- mer in 8 hrs. (fares 18, 1 3 A / 2 7 6 m.). Malmo , see p. 195. Another steamer is here in waiting to convey passengers across the Sound to Copenhagen (in l*/ 2 hr.; fares 1 */ 2 , 1 cr.), where they are landed at the corner of the Havne Gade and Charlottenborg (PI. G, 5). f. From Stettin to Copenhagen. Steamer in 14-15 hrs., twice a week in June, July, and Aug., once weekly in spring and the last four months of the year (fares 18, 10(/ 2 , 6 m. ; return-tickets 30, 18, 9 m.). Towards evening the vessel passes Stubbenkammer on the island of Rugen , and on the following morning it steams through the Sound, leaving Dragor on the island of Amager to the left, and Saltholm to the right. On a voyage of 4-5 hours it is usual to give the steward a fee of 50 pf. or 40 ore Danish, and double that sum for longer voyages ; but more if unusual trouble has been given. 27. Copenhagen. Language. English is spoken at all the principal hotels and shops. A brief notice of a few of the peculiarities of the Danish language may, however, prove useful. The pronunciation is more like German than English : a is pronounced like ah , e like a or eh , i like e, cia like a long o, oe like a or eh , 0 and oe almost like 00 , 0 or 0 like the German o or French eu , y like the German ii or French u; d is generally mute after 1, n, r, sk, st, t, and in the terminations ds, dse, e.g. Kilde , a spring, pron. Kille, Plads , a place, pron. Plass; g is often mute, or pronounced like y, e.g. Pige , a girl, pron. peyah , Segl , a sail, pron. sayel, Fugl , a bird, pron. fool; gn has a slightly nasal sound, e.g. Vogn , a carriage, pron. almost like vong, Regn, rain, pron. raing; j is like the English y; j after k is mute, e.g. 12 * 1 80 Route 27. COPENHAGEN. Hotels. Kjod, meat, pron. Kod; si is like the English sh. The Danish article is en for the masculine and feminine, and et for the neuter, plural ne ; when definite it is suffixed, when indefinite prefixed to the substantive, e.g. Fisken, the fish, en Fisk, a fish ; Skibet, the ship, et Skib, a ship. But if the sub- stantive be qualified with an adjective, the article is den (m. and f.) and c let (n.) in the singular, and de in the plural, e.g. den smukke Pige , the pretty girl. The plural of substantives is sometimes formed by adding e or er, and sometimes the singular remains unaltered. To be, voere; lam, &c. : jeg (pron. yai-y) er ; du er; han , hun, det , man er; vi, i, de er. To have, hafve; I have, &c. : jeg har; du har; han , hun , det , man har; vi, i, de har. The third pers. pi. De (pron. dee), the dative and accusative of which is Dem , is commonly used instead of the second pers. sing, or pi. (like the German Sie ). Cardinal numbers: een or eet , to , tre , fire , /m, sex , syv , otte , m, ti , meve , tolv , tretten , fjorten , femten , sexten (pron. sayisten), sytern, «#tew, nitten, tyve , eera ogr (g mute) tyve , &c. , tredive , and so on. The ordinals: rfew, det for ste; den anden , or det andet; den , cte# ZrecZte; den , det fjerde, femte , sjette , syvende , ottende , niende , tiende , &c. Ja, yes; (pron. nay-i), no; not; Tak , thanks. Har De 01? Have you beer? Gw mV (pron. may-i) e# GZas Ft*» eZZer Porter / Give me a glass of wine or porter. Prw^ mV , if/o'd , o^ Gront! Bring me soup, meat, and vegetables. Kartoffier, potatoes ; Rddviin , red wine; Fawd, water; Prod, bread; Pmor, butter; Os#, cheese; Middags- mad , dinner; Frokost , breakfast. Hvormeget er jeg Dem skyldig? How much do I owe you? Hvormeget koster det? Wdiat does this cost? Fdr sac* ar#«V fvdr saa god), hvilken Vei forer til Banegaarden? Pray, which is the way to the station? Ligefrem , straight on; paa venstre , to the left; hoire, to the right; back. Er det Toget til K.? Is that the train to K.? Hvorledes kaldes denne Station (pron. stashoon)? What is this sta- tion called? Jernbane, railway ; Dampskib , steamer; Py, town; Gade, street; Porr, market; Nytorv , new market; Gammeltorv , old market; Halmtorv , straw market ; Por#, gate ; Pro, bridge ; Hoibro, high bridge ; PbZm, island ; Have , garden; Havn, harbour; Kjobenhavn , Copenhagen, i.e. merchants harbour; Kong , king; Dronning , queen; s#or, great; liden, lille , small; gammel , old; wy, new. Money. In January, 1875, the monetary system of Norway , Sweden, and Denmark was assimilated: 1 crown — 100 ore, equal to 1 m. 13 pf. German money (1 s. D /2 d. Engl.). 3 m. German are exactly = 2 cr. b5 o. Danish bank-notes realise the full exchange. Arrival. Porter (‘Drager 1 ) for carrying luggage under 1 cwt. from the Steamboat to the custom-house and thence to a cab, 40 ore. Luggage book- ed through to Copenhagen is reclaimed at the custom-house; porterage thence ta the cab, 30-40 o. — Cab from the station or the harbour into the town 70 o., trunk 15 o., small articles free (1 cr. is usually given). _ Hotels. *Hotel d’Angleterre (PI. a; D, 6), Kongens Nytorv 34, in the centre of the town; Pholnix (PI. b; E, 5), Bredgade 37; 'Kongen af Danmark (PI. c; D, 6), at the corner of the Holmens-Canal and the Niels- Juels-Gade, all three with cafes; charges at all: R. 1V2-2 cr., D. 2-3, B. 1 cr. ; "Hotel de l’Europe (PI. 1 ; E, 6), Holbergsgade 2. — -Ritter s Hotel, Vesterbrogade, near the station; Jernbane Hotel (PI. e; B, 6), Halmstorv 43, at the entrance to the town, not far from the station; Skandinavisk (PI. f; D, 5), Gothersgade 4, in the Kongens Nytorv; Kjobenhavn (PI. h; B, 7), Jernbanegade 7; Tottenberg (PL i; D, 6), Vingaardsstrsede 1. — Hear the Harbour : Grand Hotel (PI. g; E, 6), at the corner of the Holbergs- gade and the Peter- Skramsgade, new; Union (PI. n; E, 5), St. Annsc- plads, R. from IV 2 cr. ; Victoria (PI. k; E, 5), Store Strandstr. 20, corner of St. Annseplads; Linnemann, Peter-Skramsgade ; ' Alexandra, Havnegade 49, opposite the steamboat-quay. — German is spoken at all these houses, and English at the largest. — For a stay of a fortnight or upwards : Clau- sen's Hdtel Garni , Hovedvagtsgade 6. Restaurants. *Seekamp , on the Holmens-Canal, next door to the King of Denmark Hotel, dinners at a fixed charge of 2 ] /2 cr. and upwards; Mill m HI A ¥ N , 3. Antlwoyologish Museum E.4. 25. Mini simian/* D.7. F.4 2. Atheneeum 3)6. 26J loltkes Idiots . E.5. 45. JJhurersitetet B.C.6. 3. Bt/rrsert D.7. 27. Masikkanservatoriiim, E.5. 46. Vhirers. BibUotek . C.6. 4. Trederiks Hospital E.F.4. 28. Mynten E.6. 47. Zoologiske Museum B.6. 5. hiniurerlogetL . D.4. 29. Hariyationsskole E. 6.7. Kirk o n : 30. Saiwndlbanken- B.6. 6. Fredrriks Xirke E.8. 31. lostkanlar C.6. 7. Irdsers Make E.7. 32. Tolyt, IcereajistaJt B.6. 8. True Xirke B.6. 33. Trinsens Taints C.7. 9. Heltiggeistes Xirke C.6. Jntzk Sanding en 10. Xobnensi M ike D.7. Xtrwyrafisk Museum 11. Xdfholsk Xirke E.4. Xolber stilts canting Hotels : 12. S. Pauls Hirin' E.4. M. Rosenborg Slot C.4. * «L. Hitter s Hotel B.7. 16. Trimtatzs Xirke C.5 36. Hundetacan B.6. 17. Xh'uvgisk Almdemi E.4. 37 Sbcadet Aluademi E.4. i f. STecaidinarisk Hotel B.5. 18. Xongl. BibUotek D.7. 38. Svnagoge C.5. j g. Grand Hotel E.6. 19. „ Malerisamlingen D.7. Teatre : li. Hotel Ktfbmhonrn B.7. 20. Kimst Akadani E.6. 39. Tolketealrei B.5. ! i. Hotel lotfenberg D.6. 21. laudcadet Akademi E.4. 40. Xasiuo E.5. ; k. Victoria Hotel E.5. 22.2Ieteorologisk Jhstitut E.4. 41. Xaiiorzalieater B.G. ; 1. Ho tel VXurope E.6. 23. Metropolitauskolcn, C.6. 42. lelegrafen 0.6. in. Hotel Bell erne B.6. 24. Minerals y isk Museum B.6. 43. Tho7 r vuIdseus Museum C.6.7. I 3i. Hotel Hruem E.5. Steamboats . COPENHAGEN. 27. Route. 181 * Wilhelmsen , Kongens Nytorv 21; * Kelt's Restaurant Frangais , Kongens Nytorv 17, first floor ; * Rydberg's Keller , Ostergade 13, good cuisine ; Re- staurant du Boulevard , opposite the Tivoli (see below), dinners 1-6 cr. — Beer. Baiersk Olhalle (Ginderup), Yimmelskaftet 38; Rydberg's Keller , see a k 0 ve. — Confectioners and Cafes. (Cup of tea or coffee 20 6 ., chocolate 35 6 .; also beer, milk, eggs, Smorrebrod , or sandwiches, etc.). *Caf6s of the Hotel d'Angleterre and the Kongen af Danmark , see above ; Porta , Kongens Nytorv 17, newspapers and ladies’ rooms ; Gianelli , Kongens Nytorv 23; Bronnum, Tordenskjoldsgade 1, corner of the Kongens Nytorv ; Schucani & A Porta , Store Kjobmagergade 18. — Strawberries and Cream (Jordbaer medFlode, 50 o.) at Andersen's Jordbcerkj colder , Amagertorv 27. — Cigars: Hirschsprung , Ostergade 6 . Cabs. Per drive within the municipal district (including the station, harbour, and Christianshavn) 70 6 ., beyond the boundary 30 o. more. Per hour (‘timeviis’) IV 2 cr. ; beyond the municipal limits 2 cr. ; each V 4 hr. additional, 40 6 . — Double fares from midnight to 6 a.m. — Trunk 15 6 ., small articles free. Tramways (Sporveie; cars, Sporvogne). The central station is in the Kongens Nytorv (PI. D, 5, 6 ; p. 183), whence lines diverge to Frederiks- berg, Amager Port, the Strandvei, etc. (comp, the Plan). Fares 5 6 ., 10 6 ., 20 o., and upwards. Baths. Turkish Baths , Tordenskjoldsgade 10, beyond the National Theatre (warm bath 75 6 ., Turkish bath 1 cr. 80 6 .); Ryssensteen , by the Langebro (PI. C, 8 ), all kinds of baths, including Russian and Turkish. — The Sea Baths near the Lange Linie (PI. F, 2, 1 ; bath 20 6 ., towel 8 o.), and those in the Strandvei at Klampenborg (p. 192) are recommended. Post Office. Store Kjobmagergade 33; poste-restante to the right. Postage for a letter within Denmark 8 6 ., to England 20 0 ., to Hamburg, Liibeck, and Schleswig-Holstein 12 0 . — Telegraph Office. Store Kjobmagergade 33, entrance from the Helliggeiststrsede. Shops. Beautiful copies of Thorvaldsen’s Sculptures at the Royal Porcelain Factory , Store Kjobmagergade 50; Bing, at the corner of the Kronprindsensgade and the Pilestrsede ; Brix, Nygade 2. — Terracottas ( statuettes, etc.): Ipsens Enke, Bredgade 31; Wendrich, Kongens Nytorv, N. side. — Photographs: Tryde, Ostergade 1; Bergmann & Hansens , Kongens Nytorv 34; Salmonsen , Bredgade 10. — Jewelry: V. Christesen , Ostergade 8 (filigree .work). — Danish Gloves, good and not expensive, in the shops in the Ostergade and Gothersgade. Theatres. National Theatre (PI. 41; D, 6 ; p. 183), from 1st Sept, to 31st May, good acting and ballet. Charges (sometimes doubled): front stalls 3V 2 , 4y 2 , or 7 cr., second stalls 2 3 / 4-572 cr., pit 2-4 cr., dress-circle 3-6 cr. — Casino Theatre (PI. 40; E, 5), Amalien-Str. 10, much frequented. 'Tivoli (PI. B, 7; admission 35 6 ., and on grand occasions 50 6 .; change not given at the door, but may be obtained before payment in the Bytte- contor to the left), outside the Vester-Port, is a very extensive and in- teresting establishment, comprising all kinds of amusements, concerts, theatre, panorama, fire-works, restaurants, etc. The performances gener- ally begin at 6 and end about 10 p.m. — The Cafe du Boulevard , oppo- site, the Sommerlyst , and numerous other cafes in the Frederiksberg Allec are similar places of recreation. Steamboats (see also the ‘Reiseliste for KongerigetDanemark’, published twice monthly, 20 6 .) to Helsingor and Helsingborg, see p. 194. To Malmo (p. 195) four times daily in D /2 hr. (fares D /2 cr. , 1 cr.) ; to Bellevue, near Klampenborg (p. 192), several times daily in 3 / 4 hr. (fare 40 0 .). These steamers all start from the corner of Havne-Gade and Charlottenborg (PI. E, 6 ). — To Kiel, Liibeck, Stralsund , and Stettin, see R. 26. — To London, Hull, and Leith generally once weekly. The larger vessels start from the Toldbod (PI. 44; F, 4). Railway. The station (Dan. Banegaard, PI. C, 5) lies outside the Vester- Port, near the Tivoli: to Korsor , see p. 177; to Nykjobing, see p. 179; to Helsingor, see p. 193; to Klampenborg, see p. 192. Comp, the ‘Reiseliste’. Embassies and Consulates. English Ambassador, Sir Charles Lennox Wyke , Bredgade 26; American Ambassador, Mr. M. J, Cramer , Amalie- History. gade 13. English Consul, Mr. A. de G. Crowe , Bredgade 32; American Consul, Mr. H. B. Ryder , Havnegade 7. English Church Service, Stormgade21; divine service at 11 a.m. Rev. Robt. Stevenson Ellis , chaplain of the legation. Diary (comp, the ‘Erindringsliste 1 in the Dagblad or any other news- paper, as the hours are frequently changed). * Antiquities , Northern (p. 188), from 1st May to 30th Sept., Tues. 5-7 (in Sept. 3-5), and Thurs. and Sat. 12-2; from 1st Oct. to 30th April, Sun. and Thurs. 12-2. Antiquities , Royal Collection of (p. 188), Tuesdays 12-2. Arsenal (p. 185), Wed. 1-3; admittance in summer only, till 1st Sept. Botanical Garden (p. 190) daily from 1 till dusk; palm-house, daily, 3-6, except Sat.; hot-houses, Wed. and Frid. 2-4, Sun. 3-6. Christiansborg, Palace o/(p. 184), daily, by permission of the Intendant Hr. Zeltner, Toihusgade 17 (PI. C, 7), first door to the right in approach- ing from the bridge (1-12 pers., 6 cr.). A A , Coins and Medals , Royal Collection of (p. 188) , from 1st May to olst Oct., Mon. 12-2; open to scientific visitors on Wed. and Frid. also, 12-3. Engravings , Royal Collection of (p. 188), Tues. and Frid. 11-2. Cata- * Ethnographical Museum (p. 188), from 1st May to 30th Sept., Mon. and Frid. 10-2, Wed. 5-7 (in Sept. 3-5) ; from 1st Oct. to 30th April, Sun. 12-2. *FrueTcirlce (Church of Our Lady, p. 189), daily 9-11; fee. Library Royal (p. 185), week-days 11-2, reading-room 10-3, closed from 26th June to 22nd July or from 23rd July to 22nd Aug. * Picture Gallery , Moltke's (p. 190), Wed. 12-2. * Picture Gallery , Royal (p. 184), from 1st May to 31st Oct., Sun., Wed., Thurs, Frid., Sat. 12-2. . , . , * Rosenborg , Palace o/(p. 190), daily, on application made a day or two before; fee 6 cr. for 12 persons. Tickets obtained at the lodge between the palace and the entrance in the Norrevolds Boulevard. In the tourist- season parties are conducted through the palace every hour, the time being marked on the tickets when purchased. A single person may jpm a party, either at his hotel or through one of the tobacconists in the Oster- ga Abound Tower (p. 189), Wed. and Sat. 12-1, at other times fee (knock ** Thorvaldsen Museum (p. 185) from 1st May to 30th Sept., Sun. 11-2, Tues. 12 3, Thurs. 9-12, Sat. 12-3, free; Wed. & Frid. 50 o.; in winter Wed. 11-2, free; sticks and umbrellas left at the entrance, 4 o. Zoological Garden (p. 192), daily, 40 6. Zoological Museum (p. 189), Sun. and Wed. 12-2. Principal Attractions. Fruekirke (p. 189) ; Thorvaldsen Museum (p. 18b) ; Northern Antiquities (p. 188); Ethnographical Museum (p. 188): Picture Gallery (p. 184); view from one of the towers mentioned at p. lb"; walk along the Lange Linie (p. 191); an evening at the Tivoli (p. 181); and if possible an excursion to Helsingor (p. 194). Copenhagen, Dan. Kjobenhavn or Kobenhavn , the capital the kingdom of Denmark and the residence of the king, with 216,000 inhab. (including the Frederiksberg suburb), lies on both sides of the Kallebostrom , a narrow and deep strait of the Sound which separates Zealand from the small island of Amager. The N. and broader part of the strait forms the excellent Harbour , to which the city was indebted for its early commercial prosperity. Copenhagen was founded in the 12th cent, by Axel , Bishop of Foes- kilde, on the site of a fishing village (whence its original name Axelhiis), and increased so rapidly in consequence of its 1 trade that King Ch: r . 1 ®^ n 1 • made it his capital and residence in 1443. Christian IV. (Ij88-lb48), t. e most popular of the Danish kings, renowned not only as a warrior, but also as a wise ruler and a zealous patron of industry and commerce, National Theatre . COPENHAGEN. 27. Route. 183 greatly extended the town, chiefly by the foundation of the Christianshavn quarter on the island of Amager. The interesting Palace of Rosenborg, built in this reign, is a good example of the severe Renaissance style known in Denmark as that of Christian IV. In the 17th and 18th cent, the city steadily increased, notwithstanding the numerous reverses it sustained in the wars with the Hanseatic League, Norway, Sweden, Eng- land, and Holland. Copenhagen suffered severely from two well-known events at the beginning of the present century, the naval battle of 2nd April, 1801, and the bombardment of the city and capture of the fleet by the English, 2nd-5th Sept., 1807. The occasion of the former was the alliance concluded by Denmark with Sweden and Russia, of the latter the necessity of preventing the Danish fleet from falling into the hands of the French. The business of the place has long since recovered from these shocks and has increased considerably of late. It now possesses about 400 vessels. The port is entered annually by 9000 vessels, chiefly of small tonnage (in 1843 the number was 4800 only). The staple commodities are grain, leather, wool, train oil, butter, etc. The commercial harbour, situated on the Zealand side , is sepa- rated from the war-harbour by a barrier across the Ivallebostrom. The warehouses and magazines are in the Christianshavn quarter. The Orlogshavn , or war-harbour, adjoins the small islands of Ny- holm , Frederiksholm , Arsenalo , and Christiansholm , on which the naval depots are situated. The fortifications of the town on the land-side were removed in 1864, but those towards the sea, the citadel Frederikshavn , the advanced batteries of Trekroner and Ly- netten , and the batteries Sextus and Quintus in Amager still exist. Near the centre of the city, and forming the boundary between the business quarters on the S.W. and the fashionable quarters to the N.E., lies the Kongens Nytorv (king’s new market, PI. D, E, 5, 6), a large circular space, from which thirteen streets radiate, the busiest being the Ostergade (with handsome shops, and its con- tinuation the Amagertorv and Vimmelskaft ), the Gothersgade , Store Kongensgade, Bredgade (p. 190), the Nyhavn , and the Torden- skjoldsgade. In the centre rises the Equestrian Statue of ChristianV . (d. 1699), cast in lead. On the W. side is the palace of Charlotten - borg (Academy of Art ; PI. 20), where exhibitions of paintings are held in April and May ; the directors’ room contains a few portraits and busts. To the S. rises the new :5: National Theatre (PI. 41 ; D, E, 6), a handsome Renaissance structure by Petersen and Dahlerup , with accommodation for 1700 auditors. To the right and left of the en- trance are bronze statues of the Danish poets, Holberg (1684-1754), by Th. Stein, and Oehlenschlager (1779-1850), by Bissen, both in a sitting posture. — The poor lanes and alleys between the theatre and the harbour have been replaced by a handsome modern quarter. Passing the theatre and following the tramway-line, we reach the new National Bank (PI. 30 ; D, 6) , and beyond it the Palace Bridge , opposite the facade of the palace of Christiansborg. The Holmenskirke (PI. 10; D, 7), to the left, on this side of the bridge, was built early in the 17th cent, and recently restored. It contains the tombs of Niels Juel (d, 1697 ; p. 179) and Peter Tor - 184 Route 27. COPENHAGEN. Picture Gallery . denskjold (d. 1790), two Danish naval heroes; outside the church, to the W., is a statue of the latter. High mass on Sunday forenoons. The Christiansborg Palace (PI. 0, D, 7) , situated on an is- land, which was fortified by Bishop Axel (p. 183) in 1168, the site of the ancient Axelhus (p. 183), occupies with its numerous dependencies a small quarter of its own. The present building, de- signed by Hansen, and completed in 1828, replaces one erected in 1740 and burned down in 1794. The handsome facade looks towards the Slots-Plads , which is embellished with an Equestrian Statue of Frederick VII., the founder of the constitution (1848-63), in bronze, designed by Bissen, and erected in 1873. The facade is adorned with sculptures by Thorvaldsen. Above are four reliefs: Minerva and Prometheus, Hercules and Hebe, Jupiter and Nemesis, iEsculapius and Hygeia. The niches adjoining the portal contain four large allegorical figures in bronze, of Wisdom, Power, Justice, and Health, designed by Thorvaldsen and executed by Bissen. Interior (adm., see p. 182). The finest apartments are the spacious Ball Room (154 ft. long), with reliefs by Bissen from Scandinavian and Greek mythology; the Ante-Chamber, which contains a copy of Thor- valdsen's ::: Procession of Alexander (p. 187); and the Throne Room. The caryatides on each side of the throne are by Thorvaldsen ; the walls are embellished with four scenes from Danish history by Eckersberg. The ‘Queen’s Staircase 1 is embellished with a marble group of Hercules and Hebe, by J. A. Jerichau , the figure of the hero being modelled on the famous torso in the Vatican. The -Royal Picture Gallery (Kongelige Maleri-Samling), on the upper floor of the palace , is reached by entering the chief portal in the Slots- plads, crossing the court to the colonnade, and ascending the staircase to the right, (Admission see p. 182 ; catalogues 25 6. and 1 cr.) — The collection now consists of about 750 works, two-thirds of which a ^ e by old masters. Most of these were collected by Frederick V. in the second halt of the 18th cent., and extensive additions were made by Frederick VI. In more recent times the gallery has remained nearly stationary. The Copenhagen Gallery ranks with the Brunswick Gallery and other German collections of the second class. Most of the pictures belong to the Netherlandish Schools, the Dutch masters of the 17th cent, being par- ticularly well represented. The works of the Italian School, though less numerous, include some of the gems of the collection, such ^Cara- vaggio's Gamblers (No. 60), the Meeting of SS. Joachim and Anna by lippino Lippi (No. 192), Mantegna's Pieta (No. 213), and the portrait ot Lo- renzo Cybo by Fr. Mazzuola {Parmegianino ; No. 218). — The only examples of the Early Netherlandish Masters deserving notice are a portrait by Memlinq (No. 446; injured), and a small picture by Stuerbout inserted in the middle of a larger one by Van Dyck (No. 93). — The German School is best represented by two worthy and genuine examples of Cranavh, the Judgment of Paris (72) and Venus and Cupid (71). — Among the few works of the Flemish School, two by Rubens are by far the best: viz. the Judgment of Solomon (303) and the masterly portrait of Matthew Irselius (304). — The collection of Dutch Masters, though consisting of sevenil hundred works, contains few historical and still fewer genre paintings. On the other hand there are few large galleries that can boast ot so tul1 a representation of the school of Rembrandt. That master himself is illustrated by the Disciples at Emmaus (287) and two admirable portraits (288, 2»J) ; and G. Dou (89,90), Poorter (279, 280), De Wet (399), Sal. Komnck : (138), Bol (48, 49, 50), Eeckhout (94, 95), B. Fabritius (102), Victors (382-385 ), Ovens (270, 271), and A. de Gelder (109) are all seen here at their best. Nearly half of the Dutch works consist of landscapes. A few masters of the first rank, such as Jacob van Ruysdael (309-312) and A. van Everdingen (97-101), are well represented, both in number and quality, while no other gallery Thorvaldsen Museum. COPENHAGEN. 27. Route . 185 contains such abundant material for the study of the Dutch landscape- painters of the second class, who clustered round Ruysdael or drew their inspiration and training from Italy. In proof of this it is sufficient to call attention to the examples of Asselyn (7-10), Jan Both (51), Decker (79), Dubbels (91), Hackaert (118), Joris van der Hagen (190, 191), Looten (194, 195), Pynacker (274), Roghman (294), Swanevelt (354), and Verboom (376, 377). The Danish Section of the gallery contains about 250 pictures, which afford a good survey of modern Danish art. The Danes distinguish an earlier, classical tendency, of which N. A. Abildgaard (d. 1809) and J. A. Carstens (1754-98) are the chief representatives , and a modern school, headed by C. W. Eckersberg (1783-1853). Among the most noted modern painters are Mar strand and Bloch (genre), Lundbye and Skovgaard (land- scape), A. and W. Melbye , Sorensen , and Neumann (sea-pieces), Hansen (ar- chitectural), Bache (animals), and Mde. J erichau - Baumann , wife of the sculptor Jerichau. The palace also contains the halls in which the Upper and Lower Chamber assemble, the Supreme Law Courts (Hoieste Ret), the Court Chapel (PI. C, 6), the Court Theatre , and the Royal Library (entrance from the Toihusgade; adm. see p. 182), founded by Christian III. about the middle of the 16th cent., and containing 550,000 vols and upwards of 20,000 MSS. The Royal Stables and the Arsenal , the latter containing a historical collection of weapons (adm., see p. 182), may also be visited. On the quay, on the E. side of the Christianshorg, is situated the Exchange (PI. 3 ; D, 7), erected in 1619-40 in the Dutch Re- naissance style, with a tower 150 ft. in height, the summit of which consists of four dragons with entwined tails. The hall, immediately opposite the entrance, contains a statue of Christian IY. in bronze, by Thorvaldsen. The lower part of the building is occupied by ware- houses, the upper by banks and insurance-offices. Business hour 1.30 to 2.30 p.m. daily (adm. after 2 p.m., 20 6.). — To the N. of the Christianshorg rises the lofty Nicolai Tower , occupied by the fire-brigade, and bearing the date 1591 on its W. side. The Knippelsbro at the back of the Exchange crosses the harbour to the Christianshavn quarter (p. 183 ; tramway), where the singu- lar tower of Vor Frelsers Kirke ( Church of Our Redeemer , PI. 7), erected in 1749, rises conspicuously (286 ft. in height). A wind- ing staircase on the exterior ascends to the summit, which is crowned with a figure of the Redeemer. Extensive *View, including the coast of Sweden in the distance. The ‘Graver’, or sacristan, is to he found at St. Annse-Gade 19; fee for 1-4 pers, 2 cr. On the N.W. side of the palace rises the ^Thorvaldsen Museum (PL 34; C, 6, 7), a somewhat gloomy edifice erected in 1839-48 in the style of the Pompeian and Etruscan tombs. Over the pedi- ment of the fagade is a goddess of victory in a quadriga, in bronze, designed by Thorvaldsen and executed by Bis sen. The other three sides of the building are adorned with a series of scenes in plaster, representing the reception of the illustrious master at Copenhagen on his return in 1838 after an absence of eighteen years. Visitors (adm. see p. 182) usually enter by the small door opposite the palace. The Museum contains not only a very extensive collection of the works (originals in marble, plaster models, designs), of the greatest artist of the North , but also his grave , which occupies the inner 186 Route 27. COPENHAGEN. Thorvaldsen Museum . quadrangle. The connection is suggestive, for never were the life and work of a creative genius more closely interwoven than m the case of Thorvaldsen. It is only when we have traced his personal development that we can understand how it was possible lor him to devote himself so completely to the ancient style of art, without allowing himself to he diverted by modern culture; while his works, on the other hand, bear the unmistakable impress of his native simplicity and freedom from affectation. It is to these character- istics that his creations owe their greatest charm, and at the same time they enabled him to appropriate the motives of ancient art without allowing them to fossilise into academic rules. Albert or Bertel Thorvaldsen was born on 19th ^oyember lTiU. H s father, who claimed direct descent from the ancl ® nt pfl ^ 1 p n / S nf 0 L^. land, settled at Copenhagen as a ship sc carpenter and ^ heads, so that the boy was from his earliest days famihar of the tools of his future profession, and was likely to acquire ^eedom ot touch bv first approaching his work on its practical side. He entered me Academy of the age of eleven, and in 1793 gained the grand pme which carried along with it the privilege of a residence m ltaly for purpose of study. He did not set sail, however, till ’ rr i v ^d at Rome three intervening years in producing busts and reliefs. , , patient on 8th March, 1797, and entered upon a long period of obscure and parent labour during which even his friends began to feel doubtful of _his gifts* Rome,’ robbed of most of her treasures of art after the Peace of ] could scarcely be called the most fitting school for the study of sculpture, but Thorvaldsen persevered, studying the works o f C p ^ tique busts, and lending an attentive ear to the A of h stltue of countryman , Zoega the archaeologist The first model of hu statueO Jason , prepared in clay as he could not afford to buy plaster ot va is, broke ’in pieces, and the second though greatly ' ^en on vchaser He was at last on the point of returning to Copenhagen, wnen a: fammiq senlntor in Europe. This latter part of Thorvaldsens nisi res dence in Rome 1803-1819, was undoubtedly the most important period ?n Ms wts then that he thoroughly ^t^hYmoYeTa tist which antique sculpture may still serve as a model *° n ^ e . ^^essors : He was no mere imitator of the antique, like so many o P d at the same time skilfully avoided the m k of ins pidity • » 6 WS that had merely a temporary value , 01 r for « e now lack strength and insight, and those that t fcular formed one of and were adapted to every age. Love-scenes, P ’ t ma g e s of his favourite themes, and the Anacreontic muse. Plastic Genie , it the exp His g en ius was infinitely enriched by the quaint fancy of h is fpower of characterised by a marvellous facility of p purposes of his art. utilising the most momentary observations f ° f his modelling and of the t“h whichte a^d at ik°lWin g 8 P rodel f S to assume unconsciously Thorvaldsen Museum . COPENHAGEN. 27. Route . 187 the favourable attitudes that he desired. Masterpiece followed masterpiece in uninterrupted succession during the whole of this period. His finest statues were Bacchus , Ganymede (1805), Hebe , Psyche (1806), Cupid (1807), Adonis (1808), the Shepherd Boy (1817), Mercury (1818), and the Graces (1819). The Procession of Alexander the Great , executed by order of Napo- leon for the decoration of the Quirinal in 1811, is the most important of the basreliefs, and in no other work has Thorvaldsen made a closer ap- proximation to Greek art. The reliefs of Day , Night , and the Seasons are probably the most widely known of all modern sculptures. The sculptor’s skill in* depicting the youthful god of love did not desert him even in his old age. The Ages of Love (1824) so delighted the Pope , when visiting the sculptor’s studio, and absorbed him in contemplation, that he forgot to bestow on the master the customary apostolic blessing. His visit to Copenhagen formed an important epoch in Thorvaldsen’s career. Thenceforth he devoted himself chiefly to themes from the Christian sphere ; but these works , beautiful and dignified as they are , lack the fire of his youthful productions. He was now recognised as the first of living sculptors, and was in request for almost every important monument that was erected in Europe ; but his strength did not lie in portraiture, where the difficulties of modern costume proved almost insurmountable. His studio was thronged by pupils of almost every civilised nation. He produced in all about 500 works, but many of the latest are practically school-pieces and lack the direct impress of personal genius. In 1820 he returned to Rome, where he remained nineteen years more. In 1838 he abandoned the active practice of his profession and returned to Denmark to spend the evening of his life, revisiting Rome, however, in 1842. On 24th March, 1844, he died peace- fully while attending the theatre at Copen- hagen. Catalogued 6 ., sold at the entrance. The greater part of Thor- valdsen’s works are ar- ranged on the Ground Floor, the rooms in which are numbered on the Plan in Roman numerals. Among the most famous works here are the following : Cab. I. : 40, 42. Gany- mede. Cab. II. : 27. Cu- pid and Psyche ; 426. Ages of Love. Cab. I V. : 410-414. The Seasons. Cab. V.: 51. Jason. Cab. VI. : Hebe (1816). Cab. VIII.: 367, 368. Day and Night. Cab. X. : Mercury as the slayer of Argus. Cab. XIV. : 44. Ganymede and the eagle (1817) ; several groups of Cupids. Cab. XVI. : 377-380. Love as the ruler of the ele- ments. Cab. XVII.: 53. Adonis. Cab. XIX.: 176. Shepherd-boy; 638-641. The four Ages. The rooms on the Tipper Floor are distinguished on the Plan by Arabic numerals. The Corridor contains Alexander’s entry into Babylon (No. 508), and models of the Bacchus and Hebe (Nos. 2, 7; 1805, 1808). 1 88 Route 27. COPENHAGEN. Prindsens-Pctlais . This floor also contains Thorvaldsen's collection of pictures, antiquities, reminiscences of the great sculptor, etc. . , On the Frederikholms-Canal, to the S.W. ot the Christiansborg, beyond the bridges, is situated the Prindsens-Palais (PL 33-, C, 7 ), once an occasional residence of the Danish crown-princes, and now containing several interesting collections. 1. The * Museum of Northern Antiquities (‘ Nordiske uta- sager admission, see p. 182) was founded in 1807 at the instiga- tion of Prof. Nyerup , greatly extended between 1815 a n d 1865 undei the care of C. J. Thomsen , and re-arranged in 1866-69 by the pre- sent director Worsaae. It is one of the finest of its kind in existence, being rivalled only by the museum at Stockholm, and is invaluable to the historian of early civilisation, especially in Scandinavia, ihe objects it contains , 40,000 in number, consist of weapons^ tools, implements, domestic utensils, hunting gear, wooden coffins, cinerary urns, musical instruments, trinkets, Runic inscriptions, ecclesiastical vessels, armour, tombstones, etc., all admirably arranged in chrono- ^There^re* five leading departments. 1st. The Flint Pmod (Rooms 1-3* down to B.C. 1500), consisting mainly of objects from the Kjokkenmod- dinger’ or ‘kitchen-middens', as the prehistoric mounds of bones shells, fnhlp rpfuse etc found on the Banish coast, are termed. BrlLeMod (Rooms 4 and 5-, down to A.B. 250), principal y weapons are now occasionally met with. Roman coins (down to A D. 217), Roman TUclfgohlen orname^ts^oMuV^—^tli^/c^acna^^Wstiwn ^cWo^i (Rooms 10-^; 32£S8; nHI^' dep " are 2 n The%^e^o!2 Museum (p. 182;’ entrance to the left in the court), which is also one of the most extensive in Europe, occupies 35 tments are . igt. Ancient Times, 3. The Royal Collection of Antiquities (admission, se p. 182) contains Egyptian, Assyrian, Phoenician, Etruscan, Greek, and Roman antiquities, of no great value. remission 4 The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals (admission, see p’. 182) contains 30,000 specimens. 5 The Royal Collection of Engravings (admission, . p. 182) consists of upwards of 80,000 plates, the most va luahle of which are those by Diirer, presented to Christian II. by the artist himself in 1521. The old drawings are ^significant. From the Prindsens-Palais the Raadhusstede leads N.W. to Fruekirke. COPENHAGEN. 27. Route. 189 the Nytorv og Gammeltorv (‘new and old market’; PI. B, C, 6). To the left in the Nytorv is the Town Hall (PI. 34), erected in 1815, with a portico ; in the tympanum are the words with which the Jut- land Code of 1240 begins : ‘ Med Lov skal man Land bygge 1 (‘with law one must establish the land’). The busy Nygade , and beyond it the Vimmelskaft and the Ostergade , lead hence to the Kongens Nytorv, and form one of the busiest arteries of traffic in the city. Passing the fountain in the Gammeltorv we soon reach the Pro- testant *Fruekirke (‘Church of Our Lady’; PI. 8; B, C, 6), the me- tropolitan church of the Danish dominions, a simple but impressive structure in the so-called Greek Renaissance style, replacing one which was destroyed by the bombardment in 1807. On the right and left of the entrance are statues of Moses and David, by Bissen and Jerichau. The tympanum contains a group of John the Baptist preaching in the wilderness, in marble ; over the entrance-door, Christ’s Entry into Jerusalem, a bas-relief, both by Thorvaldsen. "Interior (open daily, 9-11 ; fee 25 6.). The sole ornament of the interior consists of exquisite "Marble Statuary, designed and partially executed by Thorvaldsen: a Risen Christ and the Twelve Apostles, over life-size; a Kneeling Angel of striking beauty, with a shell as a font; relief of the Bearing of the Cross, over the altar ; in the two chapels, reliefs of the Baptism and Last Supper; above the alms-basins the Guardian Angel and Charity. St. Paul, with the sword, entirely executed by the great master himself, is probably the finest of the apostles; SS. John, James, Matthew, and the pensive Thomas are the next in point of excellence. The tower (25 o.; party of 12 pers. 1 cr.) commands a view similar to that from the Round Tower (see below). In the Frue-Plads, to the N. of the church, are monuments to the naturalist Schouw (d. 1852), the organist Weyse (d. 1842), Bishop Mynster (d. 1854), and H. N. Claussen (d. 1877). The N. side of the square is bounded by the University (PI. 45 ; B, C, 6), founded in 1479, burned down in 1807, and rebuilt in 1831-3o. It is attended by 1000 students, more than half of whom study theology. In the vestibule , by the entrance , Apollo and Minerva in marble by Bissen ; above, frescoes by Hansen. In the N.E. angle of the square is the University Library (PI. 46), with 200,000 vols. and 4000 MSS., comprising many early Persian and Indian (reading-room open 11-3). On the W. side rises the Poly- technic Institution (PI. 32). Behind the University is the exten- sive Zoological Museum (PI. 47), containing a separate department for whales (entrance in the Krystalgade ; adm. see p. 182). Adja- cent is the Mineralogical Museum (PI. 24; Frid. 12-2). The Krystalgade leads hence to the N.E. to the Church of the Trinity (PI. 16), with its *Round Tower ( Det runde Taarn , PI. 36; adm. see p. 182), 116 ft. in height, built as well as the church itself in the reign of Christian IV., and commanding an admirable view of the city and environs. The tower is ascended by means of a broad and winding brick-causeway. To the S. of the church is a monument to the poets Ewald (d. 1781) and Wessel (d. 1785). — The busy Store Kjobmagergade, with its numerous shops, leads hence S.E. to the Amagertorv. 190 Route 27. COPENHAGEN. Rosenborg. TheNoRREVoLDS Boulevard, to the W., separates the old town from the new quarters that have sprung up on the site of the former fortifications. On this boulevard is situated the entrance to the royal palace of — *Rosenborg (PI. 35; C, 4), a simple hut imposing Renaissance structure, begun by Christian IY. in 1604, and adorned with pedi- ments and several towers, of which the loftiest is 328 ft. in height. It was the favourite residence of its founder, and from his death down to the middle of the 18th cent, was frequently occupied by the Danish monarchs , who fitted up suites of rooms in the styles of their different epochs and here deposited their jewels, state-wea- pons, coronation robes, uniforms, and valuable curiosities. More recently the collection was supplemented by similar articles from the other royal palaces, and arranged in chronological order down to 1863. It now affords an admirable historical survey of the advance of art and culture in Denmark. Admission, see p. 182. Illustrated catalogue in German 2 cr., short catalogue 60 6. — The garden ad- joining the palace is embellished with a Statue of Christian iP., by Thorvaldsen. r ^ On the E. side of the palace lies the Rosenborg-Have (YU B, C, 4j, a pleasant park, originally laid out in the French style but afterwards altered in accordance with English taste. It contains two cafds, a pavilion for the sale of mineral waters, etc., and is a great resort of nurses and children. Entrances in the Norrevo s Boulevard and the Kronprindsessegade. On the N. side is a Statue of Hans Christian Andersen , the author (d. 1870J. On an eminence to the W. of the Norrevolds Boulevard, formerly the Rosenborg Bastion, stands the Observatory (Pi. C, . 4), in front of which rises a statue of the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe The adjacent Botanic Garden (PI. B, C, 4), laid out on the old fortifications, contains numerous pleasant walks. Entrance at the corner of the Boulevard and the Gothersgade (adm., see p. Farther to the W. rises the extensive Hospital. Several new streets have been formed in this neighbourhood. The Orsted Park, near the station, is adorned with a statue of Orsted, the naturalist (d. 1850; PI. B, 5, 6). „ The Aristocratic Quarter of Copenhagen lies to the N . . of the Kongens Nytorv, and consists of the Bredgade^ PI. F, _o, j, the St. Annae-Plads , and the Amalie-Gade. At No. ^ I)ron " 1 "f Tvsergade, corner of the Bredgade, is the *Picture Gallery of Count Moltke (PI. 26; adm., p. 182), consisting of about 150 works by Dutch painters of the 17th cent, and the other Netherlandish masters. It includes several fine works by masters of the first rank, such Rubens, Rembrandt, Hobbema, and Ruysdael. Further on, to the left, is the Marble Church (Pi. E, 4, .)), begun in 1749, but only now approaching completion. Lange, Linie. COPENHAGEN. 27. Route. 191 Th e Anthropological Museum (PI. 1; E,4), Bredgade 46, is open from May to September on Sat., 9-11. Adjacent is the Surgeons’ Hall (PI. 17), near which are the Roman Catholic Chapel (PI. 11) and the large Frederiks-Hospital (PI. 4 ; E, F, 4). — The N.W. corner of the town is formed by a series of parallel streets of one- storied houses, occupied chiefly by sea-faring men and their fami- lies, erected at the beginning of the 17th cent, under Christian IY., and extended by Christian VII. during last century. In the midst of them rises the Church of St. Paul (PI. 12; E, 4). The Amaliegade (PI. E, 5, F, 4) is broken by the octagonal Fre- deriks-Plads, which is embellished with an equestrian * Monument of Frederick V. (d. 1766) in bronze, erected in 1771 by the Asiatic Trading Company, and designed by Saly, a French sculptor. The four uniform rococo buildings enclosing the Plads together form the Amalieborg (PI. E, F, 5), which is now the residence of the reigning monarch Christian IX., of the Queen Dowager, the Crown Prince, and the minister of the exterior. Walks. Besides the Rosenborg Garden (p. 190) may be men- tioned the ‘ Groningen’ esplanade, between the citadel and the town, and its continuation on the side next the sea, called the * Lange Linie (PI. F, 2, 3), affording a pleasant promenade, with a view of the sea. At the S. end of the Lange Linie are the Toldbod (PI. 44 ; F, 4), or custom-house, the Meteorological Institute (PI. 22 ; F, 4), and the Esplanade Pavilion , a cafe with a garden. To the N. of the Lange Linie are several Sea-bathing Establish - ments , the shortest way to which is by the street leading through the citadel. A little to the E. of the baths is a large Blind Asylum (PI. E, 2). The adjacent Garrison Cemetery (PI. D, 2) and the Hoi - mens Cemetery (Pl.C, D, 2, 3) contain numerous military monuments. The ^Environs of Copenhagen, as well as the whole of the N.E. part of Zealand, are very attractive. The rich corn-flelds, green pastures, and fine beech-forests , contrasting with the blue-green water of the Sound, are enlivened with numerous chateaux, coun- try-houses, and villages. A few of the finest excursions are men- tioned here. To the W. of the city, but almost contiguous to the W. suburb, lies the town of Frederiksberg, with 25,000 inhab., and the palace of the same name (IV 2 M. from the Vesterport, reached by tramway or omnibus). Outside the Vesterport , to the left, rises the new Exhibition Building for Northern Industry , with stalls for the sale of all kinds of commodities. Farther on , at the entrance to the Tivoli (p. 181), rises the Friheds-Stotten , or Column of Liberty (PI. A, 7), an obelisk of granite erected in 1778 to commemorate the abolition of serfdom. The road then leads through the Fre- deriksberg-Allee , with its numerous pleasure-gardens (p. 181). At the entrance to the Frederiksberg-Have , or palace-garden, rises a Statue of Frederick VI. (d. 1839) byBissen. The Frederiksberg 192 Route 27. COPENHAGEN. Frederikslerg . Palace , erected in the Italian style under Frederick IV. (d. 1730), now a military school, lies conspicuously on an eminence. The chief attraction is the fine view from the shady terrace in front of the Palace. — Farther to the W. lies the Zoological Garden (adm. 40 6.). To the S. of the road to Roeskilde, which passes this point, is the beautiful shady park of Sondermarken , containing the large reservoir of the Copenhagen waterworks. Comp, the Map, p. 180. The Klampenboug Railway, a short branch of the N. Zealand line (p. 193), connects Copenhagen with the most frequented of the environs towards the N. The Klampenborg Station (PI. A, 6) lies a few paces to the N. of the principal station. Trains in summer at half-past every hour on week- days, and every half-hour on Sundays (returning from Klampenborg at x /4 past each hour on week-days , and at past and l U to each hour on Sundays). The journey occupies 25 min. ; fares 60, 40, 25 o. ; stations Hellerup (p. 193), Charlottenlund , Klampenborg (see below). Carriage to Klampenborg 5, there and back 8 cr., more on Sundays. About 4 4 /2 M. to the N. of Copenhagen, in the midst of a beau- tiful park, is situated the royal chateau of Charlottenlund , generally occupied by the crown-prince in summer. It may be reached by the Klampenborg railway, or by the ‘Strandvei’ tramway to Vibenshus , 2 Y 2 M. from the entrance to the park, or to Slukefter (^Restaurant Constantia), 1 M. farther. On the shore are the Charlottenlund Baths. About Y 2 M. farther to the N. is the Hotel Skovshoved , which is 1Y 4 M. from the Hotel Bellevue at Klampenborg (see below). A fine avenue leads from Charlottenlund to the N.W. to (IV 2 M.) the chateau of Bernstorff, the autumn residence of the royal family, also situated in a park, and the hamlet of Jagersborg (Inn). A very favourite excursion from Copenhagen is to the *Dyrehave (usually called Skoven , or the forest; comp. Plan, p.180), or deer- park, a beautiful forest of oaks and beeches. At the entrance, 2 M. to the N. of Charlottenlund, is the Bellevue Hotel , the landing-place of the steamers (p. 181). In the vicinity (Y 4 M.) is the water-cure and sea-bathing establishment of Klampenborg, which attracts nu- merous visitors in summer (*Hotel and restaurant, fine view). The numerous villas on the beach , extending to Forbade (or Taarbcek ; house-agent C. Schaack) and Skodsborg (p. 194), are chiefly let as summer-quarters. On a height, a little inland, stands the Eremitage (Restaurant), a shooting-lodge, built by Christian VI. in 1736, near which groups of stags and deer are frequently observed. The Dyre- haves Bakken (‘deer-park hill’), on the S. side of the park, is a favourite resort of the lower classes in summer. The costumes of the peasant women are often very becoming. Near the spring called the Kirsten - Pills Kilde are clusters of booths and popular shows of all kinds, which with the beautiful neighbouring woods afford a pleasant picture of humble life ‘al fresco’. The forester’s house of Fortunen , in the S.W. corner of the Dyrehave, with a garden-cafe, 2 ^ 4 M. from the Klampenborg station, commands an admirable view. j-H-b gajiiis , KulleiL E age] holm. ^ Bngelholm \St.Tornfatlt O fsholin [^Lsiu^or \ \ tstiun film Tin ; ^:W. V Saltholm J Mfra u s stab V. 500.000~ 1 Geograph . An exalt iam fffels ^6rg/'V \ ^(bu^ergqfe-. 'ISscC Ran: L:\-h hJtlxnfn-inm - Hillerod. COPENHAGEN. 27. Route. 193 N.E. Zealand. From Copenhagen to Helsingor, 37 M., by railway in 2 hrs.; fares 3 ci\, 2 cr., P /2 cr. 5 5 trains daily. By steamer in 2 l /\ hrs., twice daily from the pier at the corner of the Havne Gade and Charlottenborg (PI. E, 6 ) ; fares 1 cr. 50 o. and 1 cr. ; pleasure-trips (‘Lystture 1 ) on Sundays at a reduced rate (‘tur og retur', i. e. return-tickets). If time permit, an excursion to Helsingor is best arranged thus (two days): railway to Klampenborg , see p. 192; open omnibus thence to 0/2 M.) Torbcek , see p. 192; ( 2 V 2 M.) Skodsborg, see p. 194; (2 M.) Vedbcek , p. 194; (B/4 M.) Smidstrup ; (P/4 M.) Rungsted ; and thence by steamer to Hel- singor. — Return-route: by railway to Fredensborg , carriage to Frederiks- borg , train to Copenhagen. The Railway describes a wide curve through the district of Frederiksborg. 4 M. Hellerup , junction for Klampenborg (p. 192) ; 6 M. Gjentofte (chateau of Bernstorff, see p. 192); 8 M. Lyngby , near which are the chateaux of Sorgenfri , the residence of the Queen Dowager, with a beautiful rose-garden, and Frederiksdal , the seat of Count Schulin, beautifully situated. 11 M. Holte , also with pleasant environs, comprising the Dronninggaard on the Fure-Sb ; 14 M. Birkerod ; 17 M. Lillerod. 22 y 2 M. Hillerod (* Hotel Leidersdorff , opposite the palace; Kjobenhavn , in the town; omnibus from the station 25 0 ., carr. to Fredensborg 6 cr. and fee), the principal town in the district of Frederiksborg, lies at the S. end of the Frederiksborg - So . On three small islands, near the W. bank of the lake , rises the handsome palace of ^Frederiksborg, reached from the station in 1/4 hr. by turning to the right and then, in the town, to the left. The impos- ing, four-storied building, in the Renaissance style (p. 183), with towers and pediments, was erected by Christian IV. in 1602-20 on the site of an earlier palace of Frederick II. The exterior and a small part of the interior were renewed after a Are in 1859. The palace-church , in which the Danish kings were once crowned, is worthy of a visit. The richly adorned chapel contains fine modern pictures by Prof. Bloch (tickets of admission issued by the inten- dant, in the picturesque inner court ; open daily, Sundays from 11.30 a.m. ; fee 25 0 .). A carriage-road leads to the N.E. from Frederiksborg through beautiful oak and beech-woods to the (5 M.) Fredensborg, another favourite summer-seat of the royal family , near the picturesque Esrom-Sd , a fine view of which is enjoyed on the way. (Pedestrians, after inspecting the Frederiksborg Palace, should turn to the right in the middle court and quit the building by the gate to the right.) This chateau, erected in 1720 in commemoration of the peace (‘Fre- den’) which had shortly before been concluded between Denmark and Sweden, now contains a few old pictures. In the Park (open to the public) is the Normcendsdal (‘valley of the Northmen’), con- taining 65 statues of Norwegian peasants, in their national costumes of the 18th cent., presented by themselves. The village of Fredens- borg (*Hansen’s Restaurant) is also a railway-station (28 M. from Copenhagen). Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 13 194 Route 27. HELSINGOR. The next stations are (32 M.) Kvistgaard and (37 M.) Helsingor (see below). The railway- station is on the E. side of the town. Carriage to the harbour 1 cr. The * Steamboat Journey to Helsingor (in 2 4 / 2 hrs. ; P- 181) is preferable to the railway-route, as it affords a view of the pictur- esque coast of Zealand. The vessel touches at Bellevue (p. 192), Torbcek (p. 192), Skodsborg (*Bade-Hotel), and Vedbcek, with the park of Count Danneskjold-Samsoe (open) ; then, leaving the Swedish island of Hven to the right, at Rungsted , on which rises a mon- ument to the Danish poet Ewald (d. 1791), and at Humlebcek. Helsingor, or Elsinore (Hotel Oresund ; Rail. Restaurant), a small and very ancient commercial town with 8500 inhab., lies on the narrowest part of the Sound, which separates Zealand from the Swedish province of Skaane. The Gothic Raadhus in the principal street is a modern building. The * Kronborg, a picturesque fortress rising conspicuously on the N.E. side of the town, was constructed in 1577-85, and surrounded with ramparts and broad moats. After the fall of the Hanseatic League the Danish government assumed a right to levy toll here on all vessels passing through the Sound, hut in 1857 agreed to a commutation of the obnoxious dues for a payment of 372 million pounds sterling by the commercial nations chiefly in- terested. The Danish batteries were moreover unable without co- operation from the Swedish side, effectually to prevent the passage of vessels , as was proved on two different occasions by the English fleet (p. 183). The Flag Battery , where the Dannehrog, or national banner, is planted (open to the public ; turn to the left on entering the fortress by the W. gate), commands a beautiful view of the Sound, to inspect which a telescope may be borrowed of the guard. This battery is said to be the ‘platform of the castle of Elsinore 1 where the ghost appeared to Hamlet. The Kronborg is also the scene of other interesting legends connected with Denmark. Thus the tutelary genius of the country, Holger Danske, who is familiar to the reader of Andersen’s fables , is said to repose beneath the castle , ready to arise when Denmark is in danger. — The pulpit and clioir-stalls in the castle chapel were carved by German masters, and restored in 1843. A room is shown in which Queen Caroline Matilda, wife of Christian VII., was once imprisoned. The rooms occupied by the royal family contain a number of pictures by Danish masters. The flat roof of the S.W. tower commands the most extensive inland view (ascent of tower and pictures 30 6., castle chapel 20 b.). Marielyst, a sea-bathing place , lies 8/4 M. to the N.W. of the Kronborg. The chateau of that name , situated on a hill , is now a ‘Curhaus’. A small column near it, without inscription, is said to mark Hamlet’s grave (reached through the Curhaus, fee 65 0 .). Nearer the beach is the Badehotel. — Pleasant walk hence along the wooded coast to (4y 2 M.) Hellebsek, another sea-bathing place. On the opposite Swedish coast the red chateau of Sofiero and the coal mines of Hoganas (see below) are conspicuous. The Odinshoi , D /2 M. farther, also commands a fine view. WITTENBERGE. 2S. Route. 195 Swedish Coast. Opposite the Kronborg lies the small town of Hel- singborg CHdtel d' Angleterre ; *Hdtel de Mollberg), an old seaport with 10,000 inhab., at the foot of a hill which is crowned by a half-ruined watch-tower (‘Raman’, pronounced Charenan), the only remnant of a castle that played a prominent part in the wars waged by the Han- seatic League against the Danes and Swedes (keys kept by ‘Vaktmastare Nilsson’, Longvinkelsgata 57). — The baths of Ramlosabrunn , used as a remedy for gout and rheumatism, are situated 3 M. S. of Helsingborg. The pleasantest excursion from Helsingborg is to the Kullen, a con- spicuous promontory about 14 M. to the N., with a lighthouse at its extrem- ity (carr. to Kullagaard , 3 M. from the lighthouse, about 25 cr.). The road passes the coal-mines of Hoganas. The traveller may now return to Copenhagen via Malmo on the Swedish coast. Railway in 2 hrs. by Billeberga (junction for the fortified seaport LandsJcrona ) to Eslof , the junction of the Helsingborg, Stockholm, Ystadt, and Malmo lines. Thence to Malmo in 1 hour. Stat. Lund (*Stadshuset), with 12,000 inhab., an ancient episcopal see with a celebrated cathedral in the Romanesque style, possesses a university founded in 1666, where the poet Esaias Tegntr (d. 1846) was a professor. A monument was erected to him in 1853. Malmo (* Kramer's Hotel; -Gustaf Adolf ; Svea Hotel ) is a busy seaport with 33,000 inhabitants. The station and the beautiful -Town Hall are near the harbour. Steamboats to Copenhagen several times daily, see p. 181. Comp. Baedeker's Norway and Sweden. 28. From Hamburg to Berlin. 178 M. Railway in 5y 4 -8 hrs. (express fares 27m. 20 pf., 20m. 10, 14 m. 60 pf.; ordinary 23 m., 17 m. 20, 12 m. 60 pf.). Hamburg , p. 144. Custom-house formalities at the Hamburg station. 10 M. Bergedorf , where peasant-women wearing a peculiar and picturesque costume offer fruit and flowers for sale, belongs to Hamburg. Reinbeck and Friedrichsruli , in the Sachsenwald with its line beeches, belonging to Prince Bismarck, are favourite resorts of the Hamburgers. At (2 2*/ 2 M.) Schwarzenbeck the wood is quit- ted. 29 M. Buchen is the junction of the Lubeck-Luneburg line (see p. 143). Several chateaux and parks with deer are passed. Stations Boitzenburg , Brahlsdorf , Pritzier , and (59 M.) Hagenow (junction for Schwerin and Rostock, R. 24). 711/2 M. Ludwigslust (*H6tel de Weimar ) is an occasional re- sidence of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, with a chateau and park (branch-line to Par cliim, p. 167). At Wobbelin , 41/2 M. to the N., is the grave of the poet Theo.Korner , who fell in battle in 1813 at Gadebusch, 19 M. from Schwerin. 76 M. Grabow ; 8 IV 2 Warnow. 99 M. Wittenberge (*Rail. Restaurant ), on the Elbe, is the junction for Magdeburg (p. 86 ) via Stendal, and for Bremen via Liineburg. 107 M. Wilsnack possesses the most ancient church in this district. Stations Gloven, Zernitz (station for Kyritz and Witt- stocfc), Neustadt (where the Dosse is crossed). 140 M. Friesack is 9 M. from Fehrbellin (E.), where the Great Elector of Brandenburg with 5000 cavalry defeated 11,000 Swedes in 1675 ; a monument was erected on the field in 1879. Stations Nauen , Seegefeld. — 171 M. Spandau, see p. 82. The train now crosses the Havel and the Spree. 178 M. Berlin , see p. 1. 13 * 196 29. From Berlin to Stralsund via Angermiinde. 149 M. Railway in 5V2-672 hrs. (fares 21 m., 15 m. 80, 10 m. 50 pf.). — To Bwinemiinde (125 M.) in 5 3 /4 hrs. (fares 17 in. 50, 13 m. 20, 8 m. 80 pf.). The most direct route from Berlin to Stralsund is via Neu-Branden- burg (p. 170$ 139 M. in 4 3 /4-7 hrs. } fares 18 m., 13 m. 50 pf., 9 m.), be- sides which Neu-Strelitz is the only important station. From Berlin to (45 M.) Angermiinde , see R. 31. 50 M. Greif- fenberg ; 52 M. Wilmersdorf , situated amid beautiful woods ; 60 M. Seeliausen. To the left tlie TJckersee. 68 M. Prenzlau (*Kotelmann's Hotel ; *Deutsches Haus; Hotel du Nord), on tlie TJcker , tlie ancient capital of the Uckermark, with 16,500 inhab. , lies at the N. end of the lower TJckersee. The Gothic Church of St. Mary , dating from 1340, is one of the finest brick structures in this district. Handsome town-gates, and frag- ments of the old town-walls. The best view of the lake, on which steamers ply in summer, is obtained from the Yolksgarten. 83 M. Pasewalk (Stuthmann s Hotel), the junction of the lines to Stettin, Schwerin, and Hamburg (R. 24"). Stations Jatznick , Borkenfriede , (101 M.) Ducherow. Branch-Line in 50 min. to (23 M.) Swinemiinde (p. 206), in the island of Usedom , on the right bank of the narrow Peene , the W. branch of the Oder. 110 M. Anclam (Traube; Hotel du Nord), with 11,800 inhab., on the Peene , which is here navigable for small sea-vessels , and was formerly the frontier between Prussia and Sweden, contains several picturesque old houses. The tower of the Steinthor is par- ticularly fine. The Hohe Stein , an ancient watch-tower 2 M. from the gate, was erected to protect the town against the Counts of Schwerin. Anclam is the seat of a military academy. 120 M. Zilssow is the junction for Wolgast (11 M., reached in 40 min. ; fares 1 m. 60, 1 m. 20, 80 pf.), a busy commercial town on the Peene , and the ancestral seat of the Dukes of Pomerania. 131 M. Greifswald (^Deutsches Haus ; Hotel dePrusse), a town with 18,000 inhab., possesses a university founded in 1456 (530 students), and several picturesque late-Gothic gabled houses, es- pecially in the market. The Church of St. Nicholas was built in 1300-26 ; St. James's and St. Mary's are of earlier date ; the latter has a handsome carved altar. The Monument in the Universitats- Platz commemorates the 400th anniversary of the foundation of the university. In the vicinity are salt-works of some importance. The small river Ryck, or Hilde , connects Greifswald with the Greifswalder Bodden , a broad arm of the Baltic, 2 M. distant. Near the mouth of the river are the ruins of the Cistercian mon- astery of Eldena , destroyed by the Swedes, and an agricultural school of that name. Concerts in summer at the adjacent Elisenhain. — Steamboat to Rilgen , see p. 199. From (140 M.) Miltzow a diligence runs daily by Stahlbrode and the Glewitz Ferry to Garz and Putbus in the island of Riigen ; see p. 203. STRALSUND. 29. Route. 197 149 M. Stralsund. — Hotels. "Hotel de Brandebourg , Monch- Str. 50, R. 2 m. 25 pf. ; Giebel’s Hotel, Alter Markt 2-3; Schroder’s Hotel, Neuer Markt 3; Hotel Bismarck, Miihlen-Str. 20. Restaurants. Volksgarten , near tlie station; Lorenz , Miihlen-Str. 11; Rathhauskeller ; Friedrich , Baden-Str. 44. Sea Baths at Schmietendorff's , Strand-Str. 1. Cabs. Drive within the town, 50 pf. to 1 m., per hour P /2 m., each additional 20 min. 50 pf. ; box 15 pf. Post Office, Miihlen-Str. 42. — Telegraph Office, Miihlen-Str. 23. Steamboat to Copenhagen, see p. 179. Stralsund , the capital of a district, with 27,800 inhab., lies on the Strelasund , a strait 2 M. wide, which separates Riigen from the mainland. The town is entirely surrounded by water, being* connected with the mainland by three bridges only. The lofty gabled houses, the towers, and the Gothic churches of brick resem- ble those of Rostock and Lubeck. The fortifications are being removed. Stralsund was founded in 1209, and soon attained to such prosperity that in the 14th cent, it was second in importance, among the Hanseatic towns on the Baltic, to Lubeck alone. The citizens adopted the reformed faith at an early period, and were therefore on the side of Sweden during the Thirty Years’ War. In 1628, aided by Danish and Swedish vessels, they gallantly defended their town against Wallenstein, who had sworn to take it, ‘though it had been attached by chains to heaven’, but was compelled to abandon the siege after sustaining a loss of 12,000 men. By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 the town, together with the province of Vor-Pom- mern and the island of Riigen, was ceded to Sweden, to which, notwith- standing its capture by the Great Elector in 1678, and by the Prussians, Danes, and Saxons in 1715, it continued to belong down to 1815 , when it became Prussian. On leaving the station, we pass through theTribseer Thor and reach the Neue Markt in a straight direction. The Marienkirche , situated here (open daily in summer 11-12 a. m., and 3-4 p. m.), erected in 1416-73, is a vast brick structure with a transept, aisles, and a series of chapels between the flying buttresses. Two modern stained-glass windows were presented by Frederick William IY. The tower affords a fine survey of the peculiar, insulated position of Stralsund, and part of the island of Riigen. (Sacristan at the back of the church, Marien-Str. 10.) Opposite the Marienkirche, to theN., a broad street leads to the left to the Alte Markt , a fine mediaeval Platz. The handsome Rath - haus here was erected in the 13th cent. ; the part next to the mar- ket, however, with its rich fagade, modernised last century, dates from the 15th century. The large Council Chamber contains portraits of Swedish and Prussian kings, and one of the antechambers those of Stralsund Burgomasters. — The Neu-Vorpommer’sche Provinzial-Museum , in the upper floor, con- tains an important Collection of Northern Antiquities, mediaeval ornaments (dating from the 8th and 9th cent.), weapons, and objects of historical interest connected with Stralsund. — The Municipal Library was founded in 1709. Beyond the Rathhaus rises the Nicolaikirche , a noble edifice, resembling the Marienkirche. The high-altar, carved in wood in the 15th cent, and restored in 1856, represents the Passion ; fine bronze slab dating from 1357; carved altar-pieces; brazen cande- 198 Route 29. STRALSUND. labra and sconces ; remains of a Gothic ciborium of wood ; benches of the 16th cent. ; at the entrance to those of the Kramer, or mer- chants, is the polite intimation : ‘Dat ken kramer ist de blief da buten, Oder ick schla em up de schnuten’ (literally, ‘He that’s no merchant stay without, else I shall strike him on the snout !’). The sacristan lives opposite the S.W. tower. From the Alte Markt the Fahrstrasse (see below) descends to the Fahrthor, outside which is the steamboat quay. A stone built into the wall , near the Frankenthor , bears a Swedish inscription recording that Charles XII. defended the town at the siege of 1715. The handsome new barracks here are occu- pied by artillery. In the Strelasund, to the S.E. of the Frankenthor, is the small fortified island of Danholm. In the Frankenvorstadt is the large fish-breeding establishment of Andershof. In 1809, when the war between France and Austria broke out. Major Ferdinand v. Schill, a distinguished Prussian officer of' hussars, quitted Ber- lin with his regiment without the knowledge of the king, with a view to effect a patriotic rising against the French in X. Germany. ^JS noble effort was, however, premature, and met with httie response, and he and his corps were eventually driven back to Stralsund by the Westphalian and Dutch allies of the French. The town was taken by storm and after a heroic defence Schill and most of his corps were killed in tke streets. Eleven captured officers were afterwards shot at W esel by order of Napo- leon. The spot where Schill fell is indicated pavement of the Fahrstrasse (opposite the house No. 21). Hi i head ja preserved in spirit at Leyden till 1837, when it was finally interred at Brunswick (p. 122). His body reposes m the Knieper Cemetery M. from the gate of that name. The grave in the N.E. angie, was originally marked by a simple iron slab without a name, bearing the insc p , partly from Virgil (;En. ii. 557) : — y J Magna voluisse magnum. Occubuit fato: 4 jacet ingens litore truncus , ^ Avolsumque caput: tamen baud sine nomine corpus. 30. The Island of Riigen. Plan of Excursion. Steamboat in the afternoon to Lauterbach , ^ walk or drive to Putbus, and spend the night there. 1st Day. Drive in \ . /*, or walk in 2 V 2 hrs. to the Jagdschloss; walk in 1 2 hr. to Bmz and Aalbeel , row or” sail thence to ScssnL in 2-/, , hrs., and walk to 3 hrs — 2nd Day. Walk in 2 l 2 , or drive in D /2 hr. to Sagard, and return thence to Strallund, either by steamboat vi : Polclwu . or to «w»|e ™ Berqen. — If the traveller have three days at his disposal , he may drne on the second by the Schaabe to Arcona in 7 hrs. (or walk to Lolime and row^r sail Whence), and return to Stralsund on the third .tram. BreegeO* steamboat, at 9 a.m.), or by Vieregge and Bergen (see p. 202). Arcona however, is inferior to Stubhenkammer, and and sli? next (in which case, take steamboat to Breege, sleep at Arcona, and sail next morning, weather permitting, to Stubhenkammer), or entirely omitted The above mode of exploring the island is the pleasantest and affords considerable variety, but a carriage may be hired for the whole excursion at Putbus, Bergen, Polchow, or Sagard. The deep-blue water ^Rtigen and the magnificent green beeches are the attractive featur< es < A Rugen scenery, but a great part of the island is flat, sandy, and uninteresting. Putbus and Sassnitz arc the pleasantest P^e* for ^,“1^ A»e Fihre Carriaees with two horses may be hired at Putbus, Bergen, Alte l am t, and SasS and at Polchow and Stubhenkammer if ordered prev.ously. THE ISLAND OT RISEN Tvomper^Wick i ‘^' 4 . jWttprode /.^Ue ° jbergejQ , '. TfcvO&iVteir |j ; Liiitx \ i RoM.«tq. U^TXSClO T*oiL&.eiv i I \ Gr^'ifsws i£oAA«i ~Wd.gn. B. 1 m., D. 2-2^2 m * > often full ; tolerable quarters at EichstadV s at Nip - merow , 2 M. from Stubbenkammer, or at Lohme , p. 202), the finest point in Rugen , situated on the E. coast of the peninsula of Jasmund , is a furrowed chalk cliff, rising to a height oM20 ft. al- most perpendicularly from the sea , the summit of which , called the *Kdnigsstuhl , commands a beautiful view. To the left is a rugged precipice of chalk; in the distance the lighthouse of Arcona; to the right the Kleine Stubbenkammer. The latter, named the Wil- helm I. Sicht since the visit of the king in 1865, commands a fine survey of the Konigsstuhl itself. A third point, called the Victoria Sicht since 1865, is a few minutes’ walk farther. Between the Ko- nigsstuhl and the Kleine Stubbenkammer a winding path descends, passing the clear and cool Golcha- or Friedrich- Wilhelms- Quelle, in 10 min. to the foot of the cliffs , of which an imposing survey is obtained from below. An illumination of the cliff at night by means of red hot charcoal produces a striking effect (each spectator 50 pf.). — In 1864 a naval engagement between Prussian and Danish vessels took place off Jasmund. The rugged E. side of the peninsula of Jasmund is clothed with beautiful beech-forest , called the Stubbenitz , extending along the coast for 12 M., and said to have been regarded as sacred by the 202 Route 30. ARCONA. Riigen. ancient Rugii. In this forest , about 4 / 4 hr. from Stuhhenkammer (finger-post on the road to Sassnitz, to the right, 10 min. from the inn), lies the Hertha-See, a small lake about 200yds. in diameter, on the W. bank of which rises the Herthaburg , a semicircular mound, 50 ft. in height. Several ‘altars’ found in the neighbourhood appear to mark this as the scene of ancient religious rites. One of these, near the foot of the Herthaburg, about a hundred paces to the right of the path from the road to the lake, is provided with runlets supposed to have been intended for the escape of the blood. Tacitus (Germ. 40) mentions the mysterious rites of the goddess Hertha, or Nerthus, but the tradition which points out this spot as the scene of her worship is probably unfounded. From Stubbenkammer to Arcona. A boat for this excursion should he hired at Lohme {Inn), a fishing village B /2 M. to the N. of Stubben- kammer, and sometimes visited as a sea-bathing place, or at Glowe , at the S. end of the Schaabe (see below). The voyage occupies 2-4 hrs., according to the wind. The fatiguing Road (20 M.) leads by the Schaabe, a narrow, sandy isthmus 5 M. in length, connecting the peninsulas of Jas- mund and Wittow. The usual route to Arcona now runs inland by AUen- kirchen (Inn), where a figure built into the wall of the church is said to be that of the idol Swantewit, but the coast-road by Goor and Vitte is far preferable. At Vitte the pastor of Altenkirchen preaches on eight consecutive Sundays during the herring fishery to the fishermen assembled on the beach by their boats. onn n The promontory of Arcona, the nothernmost point of Rugen , 2Ub It. above the sea, is crowned with a lighthouse (which is also a good inn), 75 ft. in height. The view embraces the coast of Jasmund, the island 01 Hiddensoe, and the Danish island of Moen in the distance. Here once stood an ancient stronghold of the Wends, consisting of a circular mtrench- ment 20-40 ft. high , and containing the temple of their four-headed idol Swantevit. It was taken and destroyed by the Danes under Waldemar I. 111 ^ The traveller is recommended to return from Arcona by Altenkirchen (see above) and ( 71/2 M.) Breege, a large fishing-village on the N. shore of the Breeger Bodden (steamboat see p. 199). From Breege a sailing-boat may be taken direct to Vieregge (in 1 hr. $ 3 m.) * or the traveller may cross by the ordinary ferry from Cammin (3 M. from Breege) to Vter- egae in 1/4 hour. Between Vieregge and (H /2 M.) Neuenkirchen (Inn) rise the Hochhilgord hills, employed in ancient times as places for sacrifice and burial* whence a view of the N. part of the island is enjoyed. Bergen fp. 203) is 9 M. distant. The regular carriage-road from Arcona to Ber- gen by Altenkirchen (Inn) , Wieck , the Wittow Ferry , and Trent is unin- teresting. To the W. the island of Hiddensoe , inhabited by fishermen. Most travellers prefer to return direct from Stubbenkammer to Stralsund. A tolerable road leads by Nipmerow (Inn), Poissow , and Volksitz to (71/2 M.) Sagard (Furstenkrone ; Stoll), whence a diligence runs daily to Bergen 5 or the traveller may proceed to Polchow , about 21/2 M. from Sagard, and return tbence to Stralsund by steam- boat (see p. 199). To tbe N. of Sagard and E. of Quoltitz is a so- called ‘Opferstein’, or altar, resembling those already mentioned (see above). To the S. of Sagard, immediately to the left of the Bergen road, is the Dubberworth, the largest tumulus, or ‘giants grave , in Rugen. The road from Sagard to (IO1/2 M ; ) Bergen crosses the narrow passage between the Grosse and Kleine Jasmunder Bodden by a bridge at the Lietzow Ferry. EBERSWALDE. 31. Route. 203 Bergen ( *Prinz von Preussen ; ^Rathskeller , R. lV2 m *> Goldner Adler , unpretending), a town with 4000 inhab., is the official capi- tal ofRugen and tbe neighbouring islands. The conspicuous church with its lofty tower is in the late-Romanesque style and dates from the 12th century. The Rathhaus contains a small collection of Rugen antiquities. To the N.E., */ 4 hr. from the town, rises the Rugaud (321 ft.), crowned by an intrenchment, the remains of a stronghold which was destroyed in 1316, and with a tower to the memory of Arndt, the poet (adm. 20 pf.). The *View is very extensive and picturesque, especially by evening light. Good roads lead from Bergen to Putbus (6 M.), and to Stralsund (16 M.). Diligence, see p. 199. ( Ralswiek , from which the steam- boat mentioned at p. 199 plies, lies 3 M. to the N. of Bergen; the beautiful park of the Yon Barnekow family may he visited with the permission of the tenant.) At Samtens , halfway to Stralsund, the road unites with the Stralsund and Putbus road, on which, about 41/2 M. to the S.E., lies Garz (Hotel duNord), the ancient Carenza, formerly the capital of the island, destroyed by the Danes in 1168. A well-preserved circular wall here is a relic of heathen times. Scho- ritz , 2 M. to the S. , on the road leading to the Glewitz Ferry (p. 196), was the birthplace of the poet Arndt (b. 1769, d. 1860 at Bonn). 31. From Berlin to Dantsic by Stettin. Railway to Stettin , 83 M., in 2 3 /4-3 l /2 brs. (express fares 13 m. 50 pf., and 10 m.: ordinary 12, 9, 6 m.). To Dantsic , 312 M., express in IT 1/2 brs. (express fares 41 m. 10, 30 m. TO pf. ’•> ordinary 39 m. 20, 29 m. 40, 19 m. 60 pf.). . Berlin , see p. 1. — 14i/ 2 M. Rernau , a small town, was gal- lantly defended by its inhabitants against the Hussites in 1432. Armour, said to have been captured on that occasion, is shown at the Rathhaus. 20 V 2 M. Biesenthal , a small place with mineral baths. 28 M. Eberswalde (*Deutsches Haus ; Pommersches Haus; *Rail. Restaurant ), a busy town with 10,000 inhab. on the Finow Canal , has lately been frequented by the Berliners as a summer-resort. The large Foresters’ Academy contains appropriate collections. Branch Railway to Freienwalde (12 M.) in 35 min. (fares 1 m. TO, 1 m. 30, 80 pf.). — 8 M. Falkenberg. 12 M. Freienwalde (Schertz; Drei Kronen ; Poy ; Kurhaus) is a small watering-place, with several weak chaly- beate springs, in the prettiest part of the March of Brandenburg * pleasant excursions to the Baa-See (3 lirs.), the Alexandrinen-Bad, Kbmgshohe, Ao- then, Schweizerhaus , Hammerthal , and Falkenberg . — To Wriezen, see p. 204. Beyond Eberswalde the Finow Canal is crossed. To the right, near (37 M.) Chorin , the picturesquely situated old monastery of that name soon becomes visible. The fine early-Gothic abbey-church, the burial-place of the Markgraves of Brandenburg, is now in a ruinous condition. The line skirts the Paarsteiner See. 45 M. Angermiinde (Wegner, R., L., & A. 2 m., D. l 3 / 4 m. ; Railway Restaurant ), an ancient town with a lofty Gothic church of the 14th and 15th centuries. About 3 M. to the N. lies Count 204 Route 31 . STETTIN. From Berlin Redern’s chateau of Goeresdorf , with a deer-park. — From Anger- miinde to Stralsund, see R. 29. Branch-Line to Schwedt (Radloff) on the Oder (1472 M., in 3 / 4 br. ; fares 2 m. 10, 1 m. 60 pf., 1 m.). The chateau here was once the seat of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Schwedt , descendants of the ‘Great Elector’, who became extinct in 1788. Direct Railway from Angermunde to Frankfort on the Oder (60 M.) in 272 hrs. (fares 8 m. 70, 6 m. 50, 4 m. 30 pf.). — 7 M. Liidersdorf ; 14 M. Oderberg-Brahlitz. I8V2 M. Freienwalde (see above), where the line unites with that from Eberswalde. 2572 M. Wriezen (Goldener Lowe; Prim von Preussen ), a small town on the Alte Oder. Near (44 M.) Seelow the line intersects the railway from Berlin to Dantsic via Dirschau (R. 32). 5H/2 M. Schonfliess. 60 M. Frankfort on the Oder , see p. 222. The line traverses the valleys of the Randow and Welse , and the PommerenzdorferWiesengrund. 55 M. Passow ; 69 M. Tantow.V iews of the large Damm'sche See are occasionally obtained to the right. 83 M. Stettin. — Arrival. Stettin possesses two railway- stations, that of the Berlin- Stettin Railway (PI. C, 5, 6), and that of the Breslau- Freiburg Railway (p. 206), P/4 M. to the W., on an island in the Oder. Hotels. Hotel de Prusse, Luisen-Str. ; : ' : H6tel du Nord, *Drei Kronen, and "Deutsches Haus, in the Breite-Str. ; at these, R. from 2-272, H. 272, B. 3 /4-l m. — Kaiserhof, Bollwerk 37 ; Bode’s Hotel, Konig-Str. 8 ; both near the station. The hotel charges are much raised at the time of the wool market (19th-20th June). Restaurants. Hoeven , under the Hotel de Prusse; Tessendorf , Kl. Dom-Str. 10; Grand Restaurant , Schuh-Str. 12; Aux Caves de France, Schulzen-Str. 41. — Beer. * Ebersberger , Breite-Str. 39; Leichsenring , Grr. Dom-Str. 13 ; Mattschas , Victoria-Platz ; Luisengarten , belonging to the Hotel de Prusse. — Jenny, confectioner, with garden, Kleine Dom-Str. 20. Post Office, Grime Schanze 14. — Telegraph Offices, at the Post Of- fice, the Railway Station, and the Exchange in the Heumarkt. Baths. Pioneer Swimming Bath near the Parnitzthor ; in the Neustadt: Victoria-Bad , Wilhelm-Str. 20. — Zoological Garden, Politzer-Str. 25. Cab, per drive for 1-2 pers. 60 pf. United States Commercial Agency, Rosengarten 1. Stettin, the capital of the Province of Pomerania, and the head- quarters of the 2nd Corps d’Armee , with 81,000 inhab. and a garrison of 6000 soldiers , originally belonged to the Dukes of Pomerania, who became extinct in 1637, then to Sweden from 1648 to 1720, and has since been Prussian. It is a commercial and manu- facturing town of great importance, situated on both banks of the Oder, the principal part being on the left bank, while on the right bank lie the quarters which were formerly the suburbs of Lastadie (i. e. ‘wharf’) and Silberwiese, connected with the left bank by three ordinary bridges and a handsome railway swing-bridge. The Quay, extending from the station to the steamboat-pier, is the scene of brisk traffic, the water being sufficiently deep (16 ft.) for vessels of considerable size. Stettin possesses 150 sea-going craft, of which 30 are steamboats. The chief exports are corn and spirits ; and the imports are petroleum, train-oil, French wines, and her- rings. Stettin is also the most important manufacturing place in Pomerania, the staple industries being sugar-refining, ship-build- ing, machine-making, and the manufacture of chemicals. The town contains little to interest the traveller. It was con- Konigs Plat* STETTIN JohanmsTarche, 5 . S^Feb&-u J > (mkkLrch& . 6. ^Erasgericht. 8. H a flihaii # ... I ’* Srhlos:; HL'Theatcr . IZ.TurrJuxUe, (GatiaMcsm DIE IXSELN USED 01 £ WOLE IN l:800.ooo to D anisic. STETTIN. 31, Route. 205 siderably extended about a quarter of a century ago by the addition of the ‘Neustadt’ (PI. B, 4, 5, 6), which possesses a number of handsome buildings. Among these are the Hauptwache (PI. 2 ; B, 4), the Officers' 1 Casino , the Residence of the Commandant , and the Ber- lin and Stettin Railway Offices. The Kirch-Platz (Pi. B, 5) com- mands a fine view of the town. The Stadt- Museum, Elisabeth-Str. 10, contains a small collection of modern pictures (open Sun. and Wed. 10-2). At the Rosengarten, No. 1, is the Pomeranian Mu- seum, open to the public, Sun. 11-1, Wed. 2-5. Opposite the Post Office is the new Rathhaus (PI. B, 5). The Berliner Thor and the Konigs-Thor (PI. A, 4; B, 3) are handsome structures of the time of Fred. William I. ; outside them a number of new buildings are rapidly springing up on the site of the old fortifications, the demolition of which was begun in 1874. The Konigs-Platz is adorned with a copy in bronze of a Statue of Frederick the Great (PI. 10) by Schadow, erected in 1793. The original, an admirable work in marble, is in the Landhaus, at the corner of the Luisen-Str. In front of the new Theatre (PI. 12), also situated in this Platz , stands a marble Statue of Frederick Wil- liam III. (PI. 11), by Drake. The conspicuous old Schloss (PI. 9; D,3) was begun in 1503, the N. and W. wings were completed in 1577 , and the building was altered in the 18th cent, and again recently. It was formerly the seat of the Dukes of Pomerania, and is now occupied by courts of justice and government-offices. It also possesses a collection of Pomeranian ‘antiquities (Tues. and Frid. 4-5). The court is ad- orned with a bust of the Great Elector, in bronze, by Wichmann. The church contains the burial-vault of the dukes. The grotesque face of the clock in the tower of the S. wing may also be noticed. The tower commands a fine view of the town and environs. The Exchange (PI. 1 ; D, 4) is situated in the Heumarkt. Near the Parnitzthor (PL E, 5) is the conspicuous new Railway Station for the line to Breslau (p. 206). The Church of St. James (PI. 3) is an important-looking build- ing on an eminence in the centre of the town. The oldest part dates from the 13th cent. , and the whole was remodelled after the siege of 1677. — SS. Peter and Paul (PI. 5), the most ancient church in Pomerania, was founded in 1124, and after various vicis- situdes restored in 1816-17. The modern stained glass was pre- sented by Frederick William IV. and Emperor William. Environs. The forest and river scenery around Stettin is attractive, particularly on the left bank of the Oder, below the town (see below). Near Damm , about 7 M. to the S.E., lies Hokendorf , a favourite resort, in the midst of wood. Railway to Finkenwalde ; thence to Hokendorf a walk of I 1/4 M. From Stettin to Swinemunde (railway via Pasewalk in S l /2 hrs., see p. 196) a steamer daily (Sundays and holidays excepted) in summer at noon, in 4 hrs. (fares 4m., 3 m.). Immediately after starting, we obtain a fine view of the busy town. To the left lie the villages of Grabow and 206 Route 31. SWINEMUNDE. From Berlin Bredow, the latter containing the extensive workshops of the Vulcan ship- building company and that of Moller & Holberg. Then Ziillchow , with several large factories. Frauendorf , with the Elisenhohe , is visible among the trees on the slope to the left. Gotzlow , with the wood-clad Julo , is a favourite popular resort. The boat next passes the Damn i sche See (to the left the small town of Politz), and enters the broader Papenwasser , where the little town of Stepenitz is seen on the right. Two hours after start- ing the steamer reaches the Stettiner Haff , a fresh-water basin 62 M. in cir- cumference, divided into the Grosse and Kleine Haff , from which the Oder empties itself into the Baltic by means of three channels, the Peene , the Swine , and the Dievenow , thus forming the two large islands of Usedom and Wollin. The steamboat enters the Swine. To the right rise the wooded Lebbiner Sandberge ; on the left, farther on, is the Friedrichsthaler Forst which extends as far as Swinemunde. Swinemiinde ( Hdtel de Prusse; Drei Kronen ; "Hdtel du Nord , unpre- tending, R., L., and A. 2 m.} all at the harbour; visitors 1 tax 6 m.), the capital of the two islands, with 8000 inhab. , situated in Usedom , li/ 2 M. above the mouth of the Swine, was founded in 1740, and is now the seaport for the heavier vessels trading with Stettin. At the mouth of the Swine, which is protected by fortifications , are two massive breakwaters, 3 / 4 M. in length, forming the entrance to the harbour. On the E. bank are new docks and a lighthouse 210 ft. in height, command- ing an extensive view. Swinemunde is also a sea-bathing place. The beach , 1 M. to the N. of the town , is reached by a shady road through the Plantage , passing the new "Wilhelmsbad, with 120 rooms and baths. The road to Heringsdorf , 5V2 M. from Swinemunde (omnibus at the station ; one-horse carr. 41/2, two-horse 6 m.) passes the fishing village 01 AhlbecTc (Inn), a small sea-bathing place. _ Heringsdorf (Kurhaus ; * Lindemann's Hotel ; both by the sea, D. 2V2 m- ; Schmidt, cheaper; visitors 1 tax 6 m. ; lodgings for six weeks bO-bOO m. ; full in the season), charmingly situated in the midst of beech woods, is a favourite sea-bathing place (3000 visitors annually). Eine view from the Kulm. The beach and the wooded heights near it afford pleasant walks. Extensive prospect from the StrecTcelberg (164 ft.), 10 M. to the N.W., near which is Koserow ("Karstadfs Inn). — Vineta , the traditional fortress and prosperous capital of the Wend settlers on the coast of the Baltic, is said to have been situated at the base of the Streckelberg, until at a very remote period it was overwhelmed by the sea. The imaginative may still distinguish its vast towers and palaces far beneath the surface of the water. — Farther to the W. is the little watering-place Zinnowitz, on the road to Wolgast (p. 196). From Stettin to Misdroy. Steamboat to Laatzig in 3 hrs., daily in summer except Sun., at 12.30 p.m. (fares 31/2 and 21/2 m.). - Steamboat-route as far as the entrance to the Swine, see above; our vessel then steers to the N. across the Vietziger See and stops at Laatzig , whence we proceed by road to (2 M. ; omnibus 50 pf.) Misdroy (* Deutsches Haus; ' Herzbergs Hotel ; lodgings often full), a well organised bathing-place, very pleasantly situated between two wooded heights on the N.W. coast of the island of Wollin. Pretty walks near the conspicuous new church, on the Deacn, to the Kaffeberg (view) , to the Jordansee (4 M.), &c. From Stettin to Wollin and Cammin, steamboat in 341/2 hrs. daily, except Sundays, at 12. 30 p.m. - Wollin (Stadt Worms), the ancient capi- tal of the island, is now an unimportant place. Steamer four times a day, in ^hr., from Cammin to Dievenow (Frank s Hotel ; Ziebel, Hot. du Nord), another watering-place. Railway from Stettin to Breslau, via , and Glogau, 218 M., express in 81/2 hrs. (fares 30 m. 50, 23 m. .40, 16 m. 40 p .), ordinary trains in 11 hrs. (fares 28 m. 10, 21 m. 10, 14 in. IQP •)• stations on this line, the most direct between Stettin and BresUu. are of little importance. 3372 M. Kbnigsberg in der JVeumark. 617* M. Gustiin, see p. 208. 81 M. Reppen. From Reppen to Breslau, see p. to Dantsic. STARGARD. 31. Route. 207 Continuation of Railway from Berlin to Dantsic. As the train quits Stettin we obtain a view of four railway-bridges adjoin- ing each other. The line crosses the Oder, and then, near (89 M.) Altdamm , the Reglitz , an arm of the Oder. Beyond (97 M.) Caro - linenhorst the train passes the Madu-See , the largest lake in Pome- rania, and famous for its lampreys. 105 M. S tar gar d (*Prinz von Preussen , R. m. ; Hotel Daniels , intheMarkt; Pirlictis Hotel, Bahnhof-Str.), on the na- vigable Ihna , the most important town in E. Pomerania, with 20,100 inhab., is surrounded by a well-preserved wall, with band- some towers and gateways (Jobannis Thor, Rothes Meer, Pyritzer Thor). The Marienkirche , of the 14th and 15th cent. , is richly adorned externally, and of imposing dimensions in the interior. The Rathhaus of the 16th cent, and the Protzensche Haus adjoining the church deserve notice. In the market-place is a Monument in commemoration of the war of 1870-71. To the N. of the Bahnhof- Str. are the extensive new Law Courts . — To the S. of Stargard lies the small town of Pyritz, where the Ottobrunnen has been er- ected in honour of St. Otho , the apostle of this district. Pretty environs, called the Weitzacker ; picturesque costumes. From Stargard to Posen via Kreuz, 107 M., railway in 4s/ 4 hrs. The district traversed is monotonous; stations unimportant. At Kreuz (p. 208) the line intersects that from Berlin to Konigsberg. Posen , see p. 223. 1151/2 M. Trampke ; 122 M. Freienwalde ; 133 M. Wangerin (route to Konitz, see p. 208)$ 154 M. Schivelbein ; 174 M. Belgard (branch-line to Neustettin , p. 208). From Belgard to Colberg, 22Va M., railway via Corlin in 1 hr. (fares 3 m. 20, 2 m. 40, 1 m. 60 pf.). Colberg (Hdtel de Prusse ; H6tel de V Europe), a town of 13,500 inhab., lies on the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of the Per- sante. It was formerly a fortress of great strength, and successfully re- sisted attack during the Seven Years 1 War and in that of 1806-7. The tasteful Rathhaus , in front of which stands a bronze statue of Fred. Wil- liam III. by Drake , was built by Zwirner (d. 1861), the late architect of Cologne Cathedral. The Marienkirche contains an old candelabrum, figures of the Apostles of 1327, carved wood-work of 1523, and other interesting antiquities. The harbour is tolerably spacious. — The station lies to the N., between the town and its marine suburbs of Miinde (Neues Gesell- schaftshaus; Miinde; Altes Gesellschaftshaus) and Strandstadt. Sea-bathing and salt-water baths on the beach, not far from the station. I 88 Y 2 M. Coslin (Kronprinz; Deutsches Haus), a district-town with 14,800 inhab. ; in the market-place a statue of Fred. William I. The adjacent Gollenberg , on which stands a monument in memory of the Pomeranians who fell in 1813-15, is a favourite point for excursions. — 196 M. Zanow ; 213 M. Schlawe , on the Wipper. Schlawe is the junction for the unimportant line from Riigenwalde via Zollbriick to Neu-Stettin (p. 208). Near stat. Hammermiihle lies Varzin , an estate of Prince Bismarck, 15 M. to the S.E. of Schlawe. 230 M. Stolp (Hotel de Prusse ; Mundt's ; Bismarck ), once one of the Hanseatic towns, with 18,300 inhab., lies on the Stolpe , which reaches the sea 12 M. lower down. The Marienkirche dates from the 14th century. Branch-lines diverge here to Stolpmunde and 208 Route 32. LANDSBERG. From Berlin Zollbruck-Neustettin (p. 208). — 262 M. Lauenburg , a small town on the Leba. The line runs between ranges of low hills, that to the S. being called the Schonberge. Several small stations. Near the Oxhofter Spitze (p. 215) the train reaches the Bay of Dantsic. 304 M. Zoppot ; 3061/2 M. Oliva; 309 M. Langfuhr , see p. 214. 312 M. Dantsic , see p. 210. 32. Erom Berlin to Dantsic by Dirschau. Railway to Dantsic direct, 285 M. ; or via Bromberg, 305 M. ; express in 11 hrs. (fares 41 m. 10, 30 m. 50, 21 m. 30 pf.) *, ordinary trams m 13i/ 4 - IT 1/2 hrs. (fares 36 m. 80, 27 m. 70, 18 m. 40 pf.). Berlin , seep.l. 11 M. Neuenhagen. 14 M. Fredersdorf, whence a branch -line runs to Rudersdorf , with large limestone quarries. 17 M. Strausberg ; 28 V 2 M - Dahmsdorf-Muncheberg. Diligence from Munch eberg once daily to (6 M.) Buckow (//o Racier), a small town situated in a pretty district called the Mar ktsche Schweiz . 39 M. Gusow (the station for Seelow, p. 204); 46 M. Golzow. 51 M. Ciistri n(H6t. Milisch; Wagner) is a strongly fortified town with 11 000 inhab., at the confluence of th eWarthe and Oder, hre- derick the Great, when crown-prince , was once imprisoned by his stern father in the castle here ; and on the ramparts, in view of the room where he was confined, his friend Lieut, v. Katte, who was to have accompanied Frederick in his intended flight to England, was beheaded on 6th Nov. 1730. — Oustrin is the junction for the line from Stettin to Breslau via Reppen (see p. 206). Branch-line to Frankfort on the Oder (I8V2 M - ? P- ^22). _ . , „ wUh At Zomdorf , 41/2 M. to the N., Frederick the Great and Seydlitz with 30,000 Prussians defeated 50,000 Russians under Fermor 25th Aug. 1758. The line crosses the Oder and the navigable Warthe. Stations Vietz , Dollens-Radung , and Duringshof (V 4 hr- from the Horst ~ berqe , with a beautiful forest and point of view). 80 M. Landsberg (* Pas edag's Hotel; *Rail. Restaurant), with 21 400 inhab. , and engine and other factories , is picturesquely situated on the Warthe. In the market-place is a monument m memory of 1870-71. The top of the plateau, near the old entrench- ments, commands pleasant views. 97 M. Friedeberg ; 108 M. Dnesen At (116 M ) Kreuz (Rail. Restaurant) the lines to Stettin and Posen diverge [see p. 207). 123 M. Filehne (Hotel du Nord), on the Netze ; 138 M. Schonlanke (Kiefer). >§ 153 M. Schneidemuhl (Goldener Lowe; Schafer ), a town with 10,500 inhab., the junction for branch-lines to Posen and to iVew- Stettin, Stolp, and Belgard (p. 207). The direct line to (266 M.) Dirschau (p. 209) also diverges here, passing several unimportant stations, of which Konitz (Priefe), junction for the Central Pomer- anian Line from Wangerin (p. 207), need alone be mentione . The Bromherg line leads to (169 M.) Weissenhohe, (177 M.) Netzthal, and (190 M.) Nakel (Hotel du Nord), a busy town on the to Dantsic. BROMBERG. 32. Route. 209 Netze, which communicates hy means of a canal, constructed by Frederick the Great, with the Brahe , an affluent of the Vistula. 207 M. Bromberg (Hotel Moritz ; Rios ; Schwarzer Adler), on the Brahe , with 31,000 inhab., the seat of the government of this district, owes its commercial importance to the canal just mentioned, which connects the Vistula and the Oder, two of the greatest rivers in Europe. A monument to Frederick the Great adorns the market- place. The Wiesmannshohe , to the S. of the town, is prettily laid out, and affords a fine view. There is another pleasant promenade near the locks on the canal. From Bromberg to Insterburg, 218 M., railway in 874-I272 hrs. (fares 27 m. 70, 20 m. 80, 18 m. 80 pf.; express 31 m. 20, 23 m. 20, 16 m. 40 pf.). — 1272 M. Schulitz. 31 M. Thorn Hotel Sanssouci ; Drei Kronen; Rathskeller Restaurant), with 18,600 inhab., is an old fortified town of some importance on the Vistula , which is crossed by a new iron bridge. It was founded by the Knights of the Teutonic Order in 1231. The handsome Rathhaus of the 14th and 16th cent., the Schiefe Thurm (i. e. leaning tower), the old Schloss (erected in 1260, destroyed by the townspeople in 1420), and the Katzen- schwanz , a handsome watch-tower, are worthy of inspection. The Church of St. John contains a monument to Copernicus (d. 1543) , who was born at Thorn in 1473 ; a statue, by Tieck, was erected to him near the Rath- haus in 1853. The Marienkirche contains good wood-carving of the 14th century. Thorn is famous for its ‘Pfefferkuchen 1 , a kind of gingerbread. — From Thorn to Warsaw, express in 774 hrs. ; to Posen, see p. 224. 55 M. Briesen; 67 M. Jablonowo (junction for Laskowitz, see below); 79 M. Bischofswerder ; 89 M. Deutsch-Eylau , junction of the line from Marien- burg to Warsaw (p. 217); 107 M. Osterode; 174 M. Korschen , junction of the line from Konigsberg to Lyck and Brest (p. 221). 218 M. Insterburg, see p.221. The line follows the course of the Vistula , at a distance of 4-6 M. from it. 232 M. Terespol ; 239 M. Laskowitz. From Terespol diligence six times daily to (6 M.) Culm ( Schwarzer Ad- ler), an ancient stronghold of the Teutonic Order (p. 216), on the lofty right bank of the Vistula. — A diligence also runs from Terespol four times daily to Schwetz , 472 M. to the N. of Culm. From Laskowitz to Jablonowo, 32 M., railway in H/s hour. Passing several unimportant stations, the train reaches (I872 M.) Graudenz (Gold. Lowe), with 14,500 inhab., a strong fortress, picturesquely situated on the right bank of the Vistula, which successfully resisted the French in 1807. The commandant, Von Courbiere, when summoned to surrender, with the announcement that the kingdom of Prussia had ceased to exist, replied: ‘Then I am king of Graudenz 1 . — 32 M. Jablonowo, see above. 249 M. Warlubien. — 261 M. Czerwinsk. From Czerwinsk diligence twice daily to (1272 M.) Marienwerder (Hetzner; Hintz), a town of 7600 inh., and the seat of government for the district. It was founded by the Teutonic Order after 1233 and possesses many architectural monuments of that period, including a Cathedral, and a Schloss , founded in 1243, with two curious towers. 274 M. Pelplin, the residence of the Bishop of Culm, has a fine cathedral. The train crosses the Ferse. 286 M. Dirschau (Kronprinz), where the passage of the Vistula in winter was formerly often attended with great difficulty , now possesses a handsome Railway Bridge , completed in 1857 , nearly V 2 M. in length. — 292 M. Hohenstein ; 299 M. Praust. 305 M. Dantsic. — Arrival. There are two railway -stations at Dantsic, the Prussian E. Railway Station at the Legelhor (PI. B, 6) for Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 14 210 Route 32. DANTSIC. Cabs. the line to Dirschau (Berlin), Marienburg, and Konigsberg (see above and R. 33) and the Berlin and Stettin Railway Station outside the Hohe Thor (PI. A, 3), for the line to Neufahrwasser and to Oliva, Zoppot, Stettin, and Berlin (R. 31). „ _ Hotels. -Englisches IIaus (PI. a; C, 4), Brodbankengasse 16, R. & A. 2 m. 60, B. 80 pf., once the English cloth-makers’ hall, fine view from the old tower: -Hotel du Nord (PI. b; B, 4), Langemarkt 19, similar charges; -Walter’s Hotel (PL c; B, 4); Hotel de Berlin (PI. d; B, 4), nearest the station; Drei Mohren (Pl. e; B, 4); -Scheerbart, Hundegasse 17, R. 1i/ 2 m. ; Korb’s, Holzmarkt 12; Kronprinz (PL f; B, 4), Hundegasse 2b. Restaurants. Leutholz,Wo. 11, and Denzer, No. 16, Langemarkt; Raths- keller, under the Artushof. — Beer. *H6tel St. Petersburg , Langemarkt 13; Burger Hundegasse 86 ; FranTce , Schniiffelmarkt, behind the Exchange (D. from 12 to 1, 1 m.) ; Gambrinus- Halle, with garden, at the Ketterhager Thor (Pl. B 4) ; SelonTce , Langgarten 31 , outside the Grime Thor, with theatre, concerts, &c. — Confectioners. Grentzenberg , No. 32, and A Porta , No. 8 Langemarkt; Jahr , Jopengasse 34. — Wiener Cafd, Langgasse 10. Amber. Hoffmann , Altstadtischer Graben 92 ; Jantzen , Heil. Geistgasse 114; Alter , Breite-Str. 79. ... , , Goldwasser , a kind of liqueur peculiar to Dantsic, is prepared by Isaac Wedling Wittwe & Eydam DircTc Hekker , Breitegasse 52, and others. Cabs. From the station to the town, 1-2 pers. 75 pf., 3 pers. 1 m., 4 pers. 1V4 m. ; boxes 25 pf. each, for several 50 pf. — Drive in the town , not exceeding 20 min., 50 pf., 75, or 1 m. 25 pf. ; not exceeding Va hr., 75 pf., 1 m., or D/2 m. ; under 3 A hr., 1 m., I 1 /*!, or D/2 m. To the Jasch- kenthal Road at Langfuhr , D/4, R/21 or 1 3 A m - i Zinglershohe , J dschkenthal , IV2, 1 3 A, or 2 m. ; Neufahrwasser , 3, 3 J A, or 372 m. Tramway. From Dantsic to Langfuhr (p. 214) in summer, every 72 hr. in the morning, and every 10 min. in the afternoon; in winter every hour in the morning and every 72 hr. in the afternoon. Another line goes to Ohra (see Map). Departure from the Hohe Thor (Pl. A, 3). Steamboats (from the quay outside the Johannisthor , at the end ol the Johannisgasse, Pl. C , 3) to Neufahrwasser (p. 214) hourly in summer, every 72 hr. in the height of the summer, 30 and 20 pf. ; there is also regular communication with Elbing , Stettin , and other Baltic ports. Post Office, corner of the Langgasse and Post-Str. (Pl. 23; B, 4). — Telegraph Office (Pl. 27), Langemarkt No. 38. Sea Baths. The most frequented are at Brosen , -Westerplatte , and Weichselmiinde (p. 214). Steamboats and railways see above. Zoppot , see p. 215. Chief Attractions. Langemarkt and Langgasse , Rathhaus , Artushof, Marienkirche, the Franciscan monastery (Museum), view from the Bischofs- berg (p. 214), and excursion to the Johannisberg (p. 215). Dantsic , or Danzig , Pol. Gdansk , with 98,100 inhab., including a garrison of 7000 men, the capital of the district of the same name, a strong fortress , one of the most important commercial towns in the North, and now a manufacturing place also, lies 3 M. from the Baltic, near the influx of the united Mottlau and Radaune into the Vistula. The Mottlau flows through the town in two branches, and separates the Altstadt , Rechtstadt , and Vorstadt , the older parts of the town on the left bank ^enumerated from N. to from the modern Niederstadt and Langgarten on the right bank ; between the branches is the Speicherinsel. The Radaune enters the town by an artificial channel near the Hohe Thor, and then separates the Alt- stadt from the Rechtstadt. Dantsic was originally a Slavonic-Danish settlement and became the capital of the Duchy of Pommerellen as early as 997. In 1310 it came in- to possession of the Teutonic Order, whose fostering care inspired* the town with new life. The German Rechtstadt was then added to the still halt DANZIG Milch Jeter , \ IjinhorviA I Hotels ' a JSnytixcJulfaMS IbJtdtel tlttiVond, c Wtdlonti Hotel, A Hotel do Berlin e Drei Moheeji . f Knonprinz £ Den ich ex fleet/ £ AB.3 L Artns finnkerhof ) JGrrkeo 13 ti l Elis'ubefh, 14 lieUJtciehn,. K \S.StiJolummsJC- 1(5 Karnirlitlerli YP. Marten It. 2 tkJlatfrJuws 2 He qierTcrt gscfeh. 26 SrhiiT. cnJuimt 27 Telegraph; '1& Theater 2-BaAn7u>f . 3 BiMiotheb ht.Casemen «*• l-onimMJUltm tar . . 6. fit msulat t Rusdachey 1 ?. JorH fleet JyJitU'eUAi^C R J> 4 J) 4 B 5 6 History. DANTSIC. 32. Route . 211 Slavonic Altstadt and soon became the centre of the business of the city. About the year 1360 the citizens of Dantsic joined the Hanseatic League (v 171) and took an active part in the wars of their allies against the Northern kingdoms and the pirates, in which they were aided by the Teutonic knights. Owing to its extensive trade, the wealth and population of the town in- creased rapidly, and it soon became not only the most notable place m the Teutonic dominions of Prussia, but one of the most important of me- diaeval commercial cities. As the power of the Teutonic order began to decline, and that of the towns to increase, the latter found the supremacy of the order irksome. They accordingly combined to form a league, and after a desperate struggle succeeded in throwing off the yoke. Dantsic, after having destroyed the castle of the Teutonic knights which adjoined the Altstadt, placed itself under the protection of the kings of Poland. In this anomalous position as an independent state, under Polish supremacy, the city enjoyed extensive privileges, and absorbed almost the entire trade of Poland. When the Hanseatic League took part in the English wars of the Roses, the ships of Dantsic frequently returned home laden with booty. The city embraced the Reformation at an early period, but continued its connection with Roman Catholic Poland. During the in- cessant wars in which the kingdom was involved in the lbth-18th cent, the town was frequently besieged, but never surrendered , except to the Russians in 1734. The second partition of Poland in 1793 at length restored Dantsic to German supremacy. In 1807 the Prussian Marshal Kalkreuth surrendered the town, after an obstinate resistance, to the French Marshal Lefebvre, who in consequence of this success was created ‘Duke of Dantsic . Although retaining the semblance of a free city, Dantsic then became an important French arsenal, especially during the Russian campaign ol lolz. In 1814 it was surrendered by the French Marshal Rapp to the Russian and Prussian armies under the Duke of Wurtemberg, and when peace was concluded shortly afterwards it was again awarded to Prussia. Of all the larger towns in N. Germany, Dantsic, together with Lubeck, has best preserved its mediaeval characteristics. The wealthier citizens began here earlier than elsewhere to erect dwelling-houses in a substan- tial style at first in plain brick , and afterwards with enrichments m sandstone, in consequence of which destructive fires were of comparative- ly rare occurrence, and the general features of the city have long re- mained unaltered. From each period of its history, including the middle ages, the 17th cent., and the rococo era, numerous monuments of different kinds have been handed down to us, so that we are enabled to make a complete survey of the progress of architecture at Dantsic from the 14th cent, down to modern times. The appearance ot the streets with their narrow, lofty, and richly decorated gable-facades, is still very antiquated, although a peculiarity of Dantsic , the ‘Beischlage 1 or raised landings, which were once sometimes shaded with trees, are gradually being remov- ed, as interfering with modern trafic. They somewhat resemble the Florentine loggias, and like them were used for family meetings. In the interior also many of the houses still possess traces of their former splen- dour , such as spacious corridors with carved staircases, ceiling-paintings, handsome cabinets and antique furniture, pictures and utensils of various kinds , all of which however are fast disappearing before the march ot modern improvement. The town owes its importance as a Seaport to its situation at the mouth of the Vistula, which forms the great highway of the ex- tensive Polish corn-trade. This river and the Mottlau , which has been dredged to a depth of 14 ft., admit vessels of considerable tonnage into the very heart of the town. The corn-trade of Dantsic is the most extensive in Europe , with the exception of that of Odessa. The vast magazines on the Speicherinsel (p. 210) are cap- able of containing 2^2 million bushels. The timber-trade, the de- pots of which are in the Langgarten quarter, to the E. of the 14 * 212 Route 32. DANTSIC. Rathhaus. Speicherinsel, is also very considerable. Amber is also a speciality of Dantsic. The Lange Briicke , a quay on the Mottlau , flanked with booths of every kind, is the principal resort of the bargemen, most of whom are Poles, wearing picturesque costumes. Dantsic was the cradle of the infant navy of Germany, the head- quarters of which were removed to Kiel and Wilhelm shaven in 1865. The Rechtstadt is the most interesting quarter. The *Lange- markt and *Langgasse (PL B, 4) form a single broad street inter- secting the town from W. to E., flanked with handsome gabled edi- fices of the 16th-18th century, many of which, till within the last few years, were provided with L Beischlage\ The handsome *Rathhaus (PL 24 ; B, 4), situated at the corner where the Langgasse expands into the Langemarkt, dates from the 14th century. The slender tower (146 ft.) has a spire, which was added in 1559-61, containing a set of chimes of great repute. The Interior , recently admirably restored (custodian to the left in the passage, 50 pf.), is best visited in the morning, before office hours. Ground Floor. To the left the Sorrmer-Rathsstube (council-chamber), with richly carved and inlaid panelling and ceiling-paintings of the 16th cent, which recall Venetian work of the same kind. Chimney-piece ot 1593. Among the mural paintings is one representing a listener and a man enjoining secresy, in allusion to the use of the apartment. Adjacent is the Winter -Rathsstube , in a mixed Gothic and Renaissance style, lo the right on the ground-floor is the 'Rentier, the (modern) vaulting of which rests on a single octagonal column of granite. — An ingenious winding- staircase of oak (16th cent.) ascends to the First Floor, containing the Emvfangszimmer , or reception-room, which resembles the bommer-Katns- stube in its decorations, but is of later date, and the handsome modern Arbeitszimmer of the burgomaster, &c. . The Neptune Fountain in the Langemarkt was cast m Holland in 1633. * Beyond tbe fountain a broad flight of steps ascends to the Artus- hof, or Junkerhof (Pl. 1 ; B, 4), used as an Exchange since last century, the former name being said to be derived from the medise- val tradition of King Arthur, and the latter from the ‘Junker’, or wealthy merchants of Dantsic, who formerly assembled hereon festive occasions. The present edifice was erected in 1552 on the site of an older building. On the lower part of the facade are medallion- portraits of the Emp. Charles Y. and his son Don John of Austria. The * Hall (generally open in the forenoon, entrance by the adjoining house on the left; business hours 11-2), with fine vaulting borne by four slender pillars of granite, belongs architecturally to the earlier building (1480), but was afterwards very quaintly decorated with pictures, reliefs, and statues from subjects derived from Christian and pagan traditions. In the centre Augustus III. of Poland, in marble, by Meissner. To the right of the entrance a Last Judgment by Moller , 1602; Madonna by Stech ’ Actseon, a strange combination of painting, relief , and antiers ; Head ot Christ, by Stech; Siege of the Marienburg in 1410 (p. 216); Departure of mediaeval warriors, a small, but good picture; frieze representing the his- tory of the ‘Children of Haymon’; Orpheus playing to his spell-bound audience (with a cleverly painted burning light), &c. .. The Langemarkt is terminated on the E. by the Grune lhor, (outside of which is the Lange Briicke, see above), and the Lang- gasse on the W. by the Langgasser-Thor , erected in 1612. Opposite Church of St. Mary . DANTSIC. 32. Route. 213 the latter is the lofty Stockthurm (1346 and 1508), now a military workshop, adjoining which is the Hohe Thor (PL A, 4), a handsome fortified gateway erected in 1588, in the ‘baroque’ style. In the neighbouring Kohlenmarkt is the Old Arsenal (PL 30 ; B, 4), a curious looking edifice erected in 1605, in the degraded style of the period, with pediments and towers. The Altstddtische Rathhaus , on the opposite bank of the Radaune , now a court of justice, is a similar building. The *Church of St. Mary (Pl. 17 ; B, 4), a noble pile, founded in 1343, but re-erected in 1403-46 and 1484-1503, possesses aisles and a transept flanked with chapels between the flying buttresses. Massive W. tower, 248 ft. in height, and ten slender turrets on the gables. The beautiful and varied vaulting of the interior is borne by 28 pillars. The church contains several treasures of art (tickets of admission, 50 pf. , 2-6 pers. 1 m. , obtained from the sacristan, Korkenmachergasse 4, to the right, opposite the N. tower, and from the verger, opposite the E. end of the choir). Gothic "High Altar, executed by Michael in 1511-17, with four wings, on which are represented scenes from the life of the Virgin partly in wood-carving, and partly in painting. Fine candelabra of the same date. The architectural summit was afterwards removed, but was restored by Wendler in 1870. The whole altar is 65 ft. in height. Behind the al- tar and in the aisles are several Stained Glass Windows, presented by Frederick William IV. in 1844, the first works of the Berlin establish- ment which was then presided over by the afterwards celebrated general Vogel v. Falkenstein. Adjoining the altar is a Ciborium, formerly gilded. A chapel on the S. side of the choir contains a large "Crucifix, admirably carved in wood. — The Dorotheen-Capelle in the N. aisle contains the "Last Judgment, the gem of the cathedral, a large altar-piece with wings, which is now generally admitted to be by Memling of Bruges. The picture, painted about 1473, was purchased by the Portinari, agents of the House of Medici, and consigned to a shipper probably for transmission to Florence. In 1473 however, in the Hanseatic wars, the vessel was attacked by a Dant- sic cruiser, under the command of P. Beneke, and was presented by the shipowners to the church of St. Mary. The French carried it to Paris in 1807, but it was restored after the war. Large Font, cast in the Nether- lands in 1554. Two well-executed Candelabra in brass, in the nave. The Reinholds-Capelle, to the N.W. of the font, contains a small altar with fine carving. In front of the Allerheiligen-Capelle is interred the poet Martin Opitz , who died here of the plague in 1639. Tombstone renewed in 1873. The church also contains a valuable ^Collection of sacerdotal vest- ments and ecclesiastical vessels of the 12th-16th centuries. The Tower commands a good survey of the town and the plain of the Vistula. The large bell weighs six tons. The other churches, all brick structures in the Gothic style, are inferior in interest to St. Mary’s. St. Catharines (Pl. 11), erected in 1326 , and extended in the 15th cent. , has a tower containing musical bells. St. Johns (Pl. 15), completed in 1465, is of noble proportions, but disfigured by restoration. Trinity (Pl. 18), com- pleted in 1514, has a curious, richly decorated, triple W. gable. Adjoining it is the handsome old Franciscan Monastery (Pl. 32 ; B, 5), a late-Gothic building of the 15th and 16th cent., recently almost entirely restored. The collections it contains are open to the public on Sun. and Wed. 11-2 ; at other times adm. l 1 ^ m - 214 Route 32. DANTSIC. Environs. The Ground Floor, with its vaulted rooms, has been fitted up for a Museum of Dantsic Antiquities and for a collection of casts from the antique. Passing through the handsome cloisters, we reach a staircase on the left leading to the Upper Floor, where a series of well-lighted rooms contain the public Picture Gallery, which consists chiefly of modern works, about 150 in number: E. Hildebrandt , Winter-landscape, and Under the Equator; Richter, Portrait of Hildebrandt; E Meyerheim Genre-picture ; P. Meyerheim (son of the former), A family of monkeys; Rosenf elder , Pancratius Klemme, released from the bishop s prison (his- tory of Dantsic); Schrader , Pope Gregory VII. and Crescentius ; N orden i- bera Norwegian game; Calame , Palermo; Meyer of Bremen , Enhuber, Stryowski , Genre pictures ; Kalkreutli, Elsasser, Eichhorn , Landscapes e t c . — The periodical exhibitions of the Dantsic Kunstverein also take Vla>C The r Kabrun Gallery , formerly at the Handels- Academie, but .now placed here, consists of about 350 works, chiefly of the Netheriands schools, 2000 drawings and water-colours, and 10,000 engravings and woodcuts. Herr Kupferschmidt, Breitegasse 52 , possesses a valuable col- lection of handsome furniture, crystal , and other objects of art ot the 16th-18th cent., to which strangers are readily admitted. Dantsic is the first town on the continent which has utilised its sewage for the fertilisation of the hitherto sterile moor-land. The pump-station on the Kdmpe (PI. C, 3) and the irrigation-held s on the dunes between Weichselmunde (see below) and the village of Heubude are worthy of a visit. . „ , , , A pleasant walk, with varying views ot the town, is afforded by the Ramparts , which are open to the public, and have approaches near the different gates. *View of the picturesque town and its en- virons from the Bellevue inn , at the entrance to the fort on the Bischofsberg , an ascent of !/ 4 hr. from the Hohe Thor (p. 213). To the left rises the fortified Hagelsberg. The ^Environs of Dantsic surpass those of any other German seaport. The finest points are easily reached by railway or steamboat, and some of them by tramway. Comp, the Map. Mouth of the Vistula By steamboat (p. 210) of Holm and the fortress of 'Weichselmunde, whence an J!?TT“^the S made to tbe irrigation-fields at Heubude (see above; Inn), d M. to -the s &. — Nearly opposite Weichselmunde lies Neufahrwasser, a suburb > ^ntsic, wHh docks enlarged in 1871. Leaving the landing-place, and skirting the bank we reach I ferry, which takes us across to Westerplatle , a capital bathin^nlace The entrance to the harbour is now the only mouth of the Vistulf, and presents a busy scene in summer. A long Ts r^e h & e ius X e ten T 0 “ i^thTs^e^Kce Br^ In 1840 the Vistula forced a new passage for itself into the sea at Neu fdhr 7V'i M. to the E. of Dantsic, but strong bulwarks have since been erected to prevent the recurrence ot such an even . ... R t. -Excursion to Langfuhr , Oliva , and Zoppot by ^ wav fn 2081 or bv tramway, both starting near the Hohe lhor in. a, J- IlsopleaSt walk ot V/J'bn. to Oliva via AMdHte (view from Wem- ber «’ fanrfuh a f suCb“fDantsic , with numerous villas, the first stati^l S? f Say! is connected by/ a double -venue of fine hmes planted in 1767-70, with the Oliva Gate. A road to the left, MARIENBURG. 33. Route. 215 middle of it, ascends to the *Johannisberg (on the slope of which is the * Bellevue , or Zinglershohe inn), the top of which (320 ft.) commands a noble and extensive prospect of the town and sea, with the lighthouse on the promontory of Hela to the left. We may descend for variety by the pretty Jaschkenthal (several inns). At stat. Oliva (* Thier/eld ; Karlshof ), a village 2 l fe M. to the N.W. of Lang- fuhr, there is a once celebrated Cistercian Abbey , suppressed in 1829, the Church of which, dating from the 17th cent., is now that of the parish. The choir contains figures of Polish kings and Dukes of Pommerellen, and good carving of 1619. The Refectory is adorned with portraits of all the abbots since the foundation of the abbey in 1170. The peace which closed the sixty-one years 1 Northern war was concluded here between Sweden and Poland on 3rd May, 1660. The Palace of the abbots, now the residence of a Princess of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, possesses a beautiful * Garden . The * Carlsberg (350 ft.) , immediately at the back of Oliva , is a fa- vourite point of view. The survey of the environs is remarkably pictur- esque, in some respects surpassing that from the Johannisberg. Stat. Zoppot (*CW/jaws, on the beach; Victoria , to the right of the station), 2 x j‘z M. farther N., is a sea-bathing place, near which are the ThalmUhle , Elisenhohe , and Konigs-Hohe , all good points of view. The *Adlershorst (200 ft.), a promontory 2 l /z M. to the N. (reached by boat, or by railway to Klein-Katz ), commands a charming survey of the bay of Zoppot and of another bay farther N., formed by the Oxhofter Spitze. The Carthaus, or old Carthusian monastery of Marien-Paradies , 21 M. to the S.W. of Dantsic , with the village of that name, lies in a wooded and hilly lake-district (diligence twice daily). The Schonberg (1120 ft.), 9 M. farther S., is one of the highest hills between the Harz and Ural Mts. 33. From Dirschau ( Berlin ) to Konigsberg. 101 M. Railway in 3V4-7V2 hrs. (fares 13 m., 9 m. 70, 6 m. 50 pf . ; ex- press fares 14 m. 60, 10 m. 90, 7 m. 60 pf.). — From Berlin to Konigsberg, 365 M., express in 12 1 /2-12*/4 brs. (fares 53 m. 10, 39 m. 40, 27 m. 60 pf.). From Dantsic to Konigsberg, 120 M., express in 4 l /4 brs. (fares 16 m. 20, 12 m. 10, 8 m. 10 pf.). From Berlin to (264 M.) Dirschau , see R. 32. — After crossing the Vistula by the Railway Bridge mentioned at p. 209, the train traverses a fertile plain, called the Marienhurger Werder , between the Vistula and its tributary the Nogat. This district lies below the highest level of these rivers, and is protected from inundation by embankments. Just before reaching Marienburg the train crosses the Nogat ; the bridge is embellished with statues of Hermann of Salza and Duke Albert of Prussia. The station lies outside the town. IO 1/2 M. Marienburg (*Kdnig von Preussen ; * Marienburg ; Leipzig ), an ancient town on the Nogat , with 8500 inhab., was long the seat of the powerful knights of the Teutonic Order. The market- place, flanked with ‘Lauben’ or arcades, contains the Gothic Rath- haus , built at the end of the 14th century. The handsome Town Gates are of the same period. At the N. end of the main street rises a small Gothic Obelisk to the Burgomaster Blume (see p. 216). The *Schloss, the grandest mediaeval secular edifice in Ger- many, was at once the residence of the Grand Master and a fortress. The N. and W. facades (the latter best viewed from the bridge over the Nogat) are the finest. It consists of three parts , the Alte , or Hohe Schloss (PI. A), the Mittelschloss (PI. B), and the Vorburg , to 216 Route 33. MARIENBURG. From Dirschau the N., of which last a part only is now extant. Principal entrance e )* In ^ ront of tlie Mittelschloss rises a Statue ■fj5£ eri £* the Great i who annexed this province to Prussia, erected 111 187 7. The sacristan of the Marienkirche (see below) lives at the school at the end of the town; the castellan, who shows the Mittel- schloss, in the W. wing of that building (PL f) of Z h % TeU Zr C ? Td * r -' f0Unded in 1191 » b egan in 1231 under the auspices of the Grand Master Hermann v. Salza to undertake the conquest and con- teXd “hv* ? Prus ^ a ^ s ‘ Each conquered piece of land was pro- tected by pasties and provided with German colonists. In this manner toTth7oL a L f0U T nd iU n 7 74 > at flrst mere1 ^ as the seat of a t d h I d ® f *i V 3 ? 9, however, Siegfried v. Feuchtwangen transferred t7rpnd7 it tu H ° C r“f 1Ster hl J t . her ’ and the castle was extended so as to render it worthy of its new dignity T — ,|OOK 1 j *- (Vorburg.) • j 7 y . ^ wmen was magnihcently completed under Wmrichv.Kmpr ode (1351-82). This was the golden age of the Order, after which it rapidly declined. Its moral foundations were sapped by luxury and internal dissensions, and at the same time Poland became its th nf aC n b1 ?- 1 • .Deputes with regard to the frontier caused * rZniln* f u ? “ 1407 ’ and in 1410 tbe Grand faster Ulrich v.Jungingen fell Rt the bloody battle of Tannenberg. The greater part of the Teutonic dominions now succumbed to the Polish yoke ; and although the Mar tenburg under the gallant Heinrich v. Plauen (1410-13) with the remnant HndPd S r eSSfully re ® lsted a sie S e 5 and the Peace of Thorn was con- cluded in 1411, the power of the Order was irretrievably gone. The incur- sions of barbarian hordes became more frequent, and numbers of the towns bv d thp b Ordp e W6nt 0V6r t( ? Eoland ( See P- 211). The mercenaries employed pj«tip e a ft rder m ,° 1 f eover re helled when their pay was in arrear, and one htra if/iif r fu n0t f e i^ ?l edged t0 them * At len gth in 1457 the Marien- burg itself thus fell into their hands and was sold to the Poles, who at the same time took possession of the whole of W. Prussia. The Grand Master escapeti to Komgsberg, and thenceforth retained E. Prussia only as * i from the king of Poland. The town of Marienburg, however, under its faithful and undaunted burgomaster Bartholomew Blume , continued to resist , the attacks of the enemy, and did not succumb until three years later. During the Polish supremacy (down to 1772) the Marienburg fell to decay, and was fre- quently altered and disfigured, but at length in 1817-20, in consequence of the enthusiasm aroused by the wars of in- dependence, the public interest in the venerable building was revived, and the Grand Master’s residence in the Mittel- schloss, the finest part of it, was restored. The Hochschloss (PI. A), next to the town, encloses a quadrangle, for- merly surrounded with cloisters, and con- tains the * MarienTcirclie (PI. a), a pure Gothic structure, with handsome vault- ing in the interior, but afterwards dis- figured , which we enter by the elegant ‘Golden Gate’. A niche on the exterior, on the E. side, contains an inlaid *Statue of the Virgin, 26 ft. in height, dating from 1341. The Chapel of St. Anna , under the church , contains the ancient burial vault of the Grand Masters , some of whose names are still legible on the monuments. X _0J 0 ll , (Town.) 1. Berg Plate II Holr „ . VLMnnz tf. Beform Kirehen Plate V. Schlnss Plate HLTraghetrnerKtrt'hpn PI HLHeaUfot/.f certs cherJParkt eJiOTtigl.ffof. . fJSote-l/ cle HerUrv E.4.5 ’Wagrer & Debes, Xeipzi£ IBanl- F- 5. ? Bibliolhelc S3 IMSnm E 5 P^nTnnnlor ‘it.FrjcdricJt- 1 . F. 4. ZFhiedncK Wilhelm. W F. 3. G-.SW . . F. t t. Hospital; . G\ 5 . ItJuzn tr Heats . T.3. Kirchon 0 l)am p 5 10. JDea tsefu Beionn. K. 0 4 lLFranzos F JT.4 WFcurossgart. K . 1 j PohnscheK . . 16 - MalerAcademie ■ 1 I.Tost 18 . fchtmspieJ-Jlttus 19 Sch/oss 20 / latHsMusenm 2 L . Siermoarte 22. Fnutersilat npue 23 „ dlte 2 4 Zaolog.. Museum, . G 4 T 3 D.3. E3 S3 F3. F 3 r 4 HI to Kbniysberg. KONIGSBERG. 33. Route. 21 7 The *Mittelschloss (PI. B), adjoining the Hochschloss, forming an ir- regular quadrangle, about 100 yds. in length and 90 yds. in width, contains the sumptuous apartments of the Grand Master and knights, with their three ‘Remter" or halls. A long passage leads to the * Master's Great Hall (PI. b), the bold vaulting of which is borne by a single granite pillar, 10 in. thick and 38 ft. in height. During the siege of 1410 this pillar formed the principal aim of the Polish cannon, a ball from which is still to be seen built into the wall. The stained glass illustrates the history of the Order. Over the door and on the E. wall are portraits of celebrated Grand Masters and generals. The vaulting of the Master's Small Hall (PI. c) is also borne by a single column of granite. The Chapel contains among other curiosities a field-altar of the Grand Master, dating from 1388, discov- ered in the cathedral-treasury at Gnesen in 1823. One of the finest apart- ments in the Schloss is the * Convent Remter (PI. d), or assembly -hall, with remarkably light and elegant groined vaulting, borne by three red granite pillars, 9V2 in. thick. Stained-glass windows with subjects relating to the Order. The Pinnacles of the Schloss afford a good survey of the environs. The vast Cellars are also worthy of inspection. A new railway runs from Marienburg to Warsaw via Deutsch*- Eylau (p. 209), Illowo, and Mlawa. — The Konigsberg line traverses the fertile plain of Marienburg and Elbing. 17 M. Altfelde. 28^2 M. Elbing (* Hotel de Berlin ; *Kbniglicher Hof), a com- mercial town on the Elbing , with 33,500 inhab., somewhat re- sembling Dantsic in the older parts , contains nothing of special interest. Vogelsang and Dambitzen are among the finest points in the beautiful environs. Pleasant excursion by steamboat to Kahl- berg , a small watering-place ; or by Reimannsfelde (water-cure) to the former monastery of Cadienen , surrounded by woods. From Elbing by steamboat in 2*/2 hrs. to the small town of Frauen- burg (Zum Copernicus ), the seat of the Bishop of Ermeland, whose modern palace lies on the height. The conspicuous *Dom, fortified with towers and walls , externally a fine Gothic edifice of brick of the 14th cent. , is decorated in the interior in the bad taste of the 17th and 18th cent. The celebrated Copernicus (p. 209), who died here as a canon in 1543, is said to have erected the tower containing the machinery for supplying the cathedral and vicinity with water. The train now describes a wide circuit, so as to avoid the hills to the E. of the Half. 36!/ 2 M. Guldenboden ; 44 M. Sclilobitten ; 63 M. Braunsberg (*Rhein. Hof; Adler), with 10,000 inhab., on the Pas - sarge; 70 M. Heiligenbeil ; 83 M. Ludwig sort ; 90y 2 M. Kobbelbude. 101 M. Konigsberg. — Hotels. *Deutsches IIaus (PI. a-, F, 3), Theater-Str., R. 2, D. 2^2 m., A. 60 pf., B. lm; "Hotel de Prusse (PI. b; E, 5), Kneiphof’sche Langgasse 60, similar charges; “Koniglicher Hof (PI. e ; E, 4, 5), Kneiphof sche Langgasse 25; Hotel de Berlin (PI. f; E, 3), Steindamm 70; Hotel du Nord (PI. h; E, 3), Steindamm 117; Schwan (PI. g; G, 4), Mittelanger 28; Bellevue, Steindamm 124; Kron- prinz von Preussen ; Sanssouci, near the stations. Restaurants. *Borsen Restaurant , in the Exchange (p. 220); Bellevue , on the Schlossteich. — Wine. Skibbe , Kneiphof sche Langgasse 16; Blut- Gericht , in the Schlosshof, good wines. — Cafe. Bauer , Konigsgarten. — Confectioners. Zappa , Franzosische-Str. 14; Steiner , Junker-Str.; Buccella , Post-Str. 3, sells the best ‘marchpane’ 1 , a speciality of Konigsberg. Cabs: 1 pers. 60 pf., 2 pers. 70, 3 pers. 80 pf., 4 pers. 1 m. per drive. Exhibition of Paintings, Hiibner & Matz , Parade-Platz 5. Amber Wares. Liedtke , Prinzessin-Str. 2. Chief Attractions. Palace, Monuments of Kant and Frederick William III., New University, Stadt-Museum, Cathedral, New Exchange. 218 Route 33. KONIGSBERG. From Dirschau Konigsberg , the second capital of Prussia, the seat of tfm provin- cial government and headquarters of the 1st Corps d Armee , with 126,000 inhab. and a garrison of 6680 men, lies on undulating ground on the Pregel , 4i/ 2 M. from its influx into the Frische Haff. The city consists of three quarters, which were anciently indepen- dent of each other: the Altstadt (on the W. side, between the Schlossteich and Pregel), the Kneiphof (an island in the Pregel), and the Lobenicht (on the E. side, between the Schlossteich and the new Pregel). It is 0d/ 2 M. in circumference, including, however, extensive gardens and the Schlossteich. Konigsberg is now an im- portant fortress ; its extensive fortifications, including a girdle of twelve outlying forts, were commenced in 1848. The trade of the place is improving, and extensive goods-stations have been built to the W. on the Pregel. The shipping business is also increasing, but small vessels only can enter the Haff, the larger being obliged to unload at Pillau. The traffic with the corn-growing districts of the interior is carried on by means of numerous barges ; the other important commodities are flax, hemp, and brandy. . _ , Konigsberg was originally a fortress of the knights ; of -J^eutonic OrdOT, and was named after their ally King Ottocar of Bohemia { 1255). After the fall of the Marienbnrg (p. 216) the town became the residence of the Grand Master, and afterwards (1525-1618) that of th ® 2> “*“ f K SeofPrusSa Elector Frederick III. of Brandenburg assumed the title of King of Prussia here in 1701 , and after the disasters of 1806 Frederick William III. and his court retired to Konigsberg, where schemes for thesalvatmn ofthe tottering kingdom where zealously canvassed by Baron Stein , W. v. Hum- Mdt Yor “ and other illustrious* men of the period Komgsherg KS also celebrated as the scene of the labours of the philosopher Kant (1724-1804), Herder , Hamann , and other distinguished scholars. . The Palace (PI. 19 ; F, 4), an extensive building , enclosing a large quadrangle , with a lofty Gothic tower , situated nearly in the centre of the city, was formerly the seat of the Teutonic Order. It was restored in 1532-54, and frequently altered in the 18th century. It now contains the apartments of the royal family and those ol the president of the province, government-offices, the Archives (open daily 9-1), and a commercial school. The W. wing contains the Schlosskirche, where Frederick I. of Pruss was crowned in 1701 , and William I. in 1861. The Province of Prussia is the cradle of the ‘Landwehr’ , the names of numerous members of which, who fell in 1813, are recorded on the walls of * h f ® . ^stWaJs ex- the church is the spacious Moscowiter-Saal, employed fo * *^7buin by hibitions of art, etc. (custodian in the E. wl ^_ r °PP°^e). It - was i built by the Russians, at the time of the Seven Years War, during their occ"P^ of thetown’in 1758-62, and is one of the largest halls in The Tower , the summit of which is 330 ft. above the Pregel » an extensive prospect (custodian in the S.W. corner of the court). The Statue of Frederick I. (PI. 4), in front of the E. portal ot the palace, hy Jacobi and Schliiter, was erected in loUl. The *Monument of Kant (PI. 6 ; F, 4), in bronze, hy Rauch, near the N.W. corner of the palace, completed in 1864, represents the philosopher in his 30th year. The house No 3 Prinzessrii-Str. (PI. 8), in the vicinity, was occupied hy Kant from 1 (J3 to lbU4. to Konigsberg. KONIGSBERG. 33. Route. 219 The Post Office (PI. 17) is situated opposite Kant’s house, and adjoining it is the modern Altstadtische Kirche (PL 13), originally designed by Schinkel, whose plans however were much reduced and modified. In the vicinity is the Parade-Platz , or Konigs-Garten , bounded on the N.E. by the Theatre (PL 18; F, 3), and on the N.W. by the New University, and embellished with an equestrian *Statue of Fre- derick William III. (Pl. 5) by Kiss, erected in 1851. Reliefs. 1. Domestic life of the king at Konigsberg in 1807-9 ; 2. The king delivers to Hardenberg the new laws enacted during these years, Scharnhorst and Stein approving; 3. Foundation of the Landwehr in 1813; York between Counts Alexander and Lewis Dohna gives a musket to a student; Bardeleben leaning on his sword; to the right in the corner the burgomaster in the Landwehr uniform; to the left a soldier of the national cavalry regiment. The 4th and 5th scenes represent the blessings of peace. The new ^University (Pl. 22; F, 3), completed in 1862, is a fine Renaissance structure by Stiller. The facade is adorned with an equestrian figure in relief of Duke Albert of Prussia , the founder of the University in 1544. Below are niches containing statues of Luther and Melanchthon; above, medallion-portraits of celebrated Konigsberg professors. Interior. Handsome staircase, borne by marble columns. The Senate Hall contains a portrait of the Crown Prince as rector, by Lauchert , and a bust of Kant in his 80th year, by Schadow. The adjacent * Aula is adorned with admirable frescoes, representing the different branches of art and science, and pleasing allegories in the arches above. The carved chairs are also worthy of notice. The University has 50 professors, 20 lecturers, and over 700 students. The Schlossteichgasse leads from the Konigsgarten to the E. to the Schlossteich (Pl. G, 3), a sheet of water which intersects half the town from S. to N., and is a great ornament to the town, being surrounded by public and private gardens. The bridge across it, commanding a pretty view, is for foot-passengers only. Traversing the Weissgerbergasse and crossing the Rossgart’sche Markt, the traveller enters the long Konigs-Strasse, where a col- umn rises to the memory of the Prussian minister v. Schon. No. 57, near the monument, is the Kunst-Academie, containing the — *Stadt-Museum (Pl. 20 ; H, 3), a choice collection of 300 pic- tures, chiefly modern (Sun. 11-2, Wed. 11-1; at other times fee 1 m. ; custodian Landhofmeister-Str. 2, left side, a street nearly opposite the museum). Catalogue 25 pf. The Collection is on the upper floor; it contains 52 old Italian masters, including Fra Filippo Lippi, Dorn. Ghirlandajo , Lorenzo di Credi, Innocenzo da Imola, Garofalo , Guido Reni, Giov. Bellini, Girna da Conegliano , and others, but the genuineness of some of the works may be doubted. There are also early Netherlands masters : 57. Jan Steen , 59. Jan van Goyen, etc. ; then a number of portraits of famous citizens of Konigsberg, and more than 200 Paintings of Modern Masters , which form the most important part of the collection : 150. A. Adam, Horses ; 167. C. W. Hiibner, The distraint ; 173. Kohler, Finding of Moses; 174. Kolbe, Battle of the Lechfeld; E. Pis- torius , *181. Village fiddler, 224. Cellar-man by a cask ; 182. E. le Poittevin, The Bay of Naples ; 189. Schotel, Wreck; 191. A. Sclirodter , TillEulenspiegel ; 198. H. Stilke, Emigration of Syrian Christians after the destruction of Pto- lemais, 1291 ; *210. P. Delaroche , Night of St. Bartholomew ; 215-218. Gudin, r xo execuuuu. — j-uc w mgo - r No. 65 in tlie same street is the University Library (PI. 2), con- Frid. 11-4, Ved. 2-4). Farther on is the Konigs-Thor , with the statues of Ottocar of Bohemia, Duke Albert of Prussia, and King Frederick I. In the quarter called the Kneiphof , on an island in the Pregel, rises the Gothic Cathedral (PI. 9; F, 4), begun in 1333, but not completed till the middle of the 16th cent, (sacristan Dom-Str. jvusputll. Jiumuv.1 yj. v**w**~ princes are interred in the vaults. ,, AT ., .. The l 8toa Kantiana adjoining the cathedral, on the IN. side ot the choir, contains the grave of the illustrious thinker Immanuel Kant (d. 1804). — The Old University (PI. 23) and the Kneiphof Gymnasium adjoin the cathedral. On the left bank of the Pregel, between the bridges (Grune and Kottel-Brucke) crossing from the Kneiphof , rises the Exchange fPl. 3* E, 5), a handsome building designed by Muller of Bremen and completed in 1875. The principal facade is to the W . ; the allegorical figures of the four quarters of the globe are by Hund- rieser of Konigsberg. Business hours 12-2 ; at other times the m- Bessel id. 1846). Near it are the Botanical Garden, Butterherg Nos. 2-3, the valuable Zoological Museum (PL 24), Sternwart- Str. 5-6, and the Chemical Laboratory of the university. _ . Aoi _ rv nn SAMLAND. 33. Route. 221 rounded by woods, and reaches Pillau, a fortress at the present mouth of the Frische Haff, with a harbour and lighthouse. — Steamboat from Konigsberg to Elbing by Pillau daily in 8 hrs. (3 or 2 m.), a pleasant trip. Samland is a fertile and partially wooded district, with several lakes, lying to the N. of Konigsberg. The highest point is the Galtgarben (365 ft.), reached in 2 hrs. from stat. Powayen via Medenau , the top of which is crowned with a large iron cross in commemoration of the War of Independence. Most of the villages on the N. coast are frequented as bathing-places. Cranz, the chief of these, lies 20 M. to the N. of Konigs- berg (omnibus twice daily in 3 3 /4 hrs.), at the S. end of the Kurische Neh- rung , a sandy tongue of land running N. to Memel , a distance of 71 M. The sand-hills of theNehrung, attaining a height of 200 ft., are sometimes visited. The steamboat is taken from Cranzbeck to Nidden (Leuchtthurm) and the excursion continued thence on foot to (7 M.) Pillkoppen and (672 M.) Rossitten (Inn). A boat to meet the steamer at Nidden or Ros- sitten should be ordered by telegram from Konigsberg or Cranz. Schwarz- ort, a bathing-place on the Nehrung, 14 M. from Memel, is chiefly re- markable for its amber-dredging. To the W. of Cranz lie Neukuren , Rau- schen , Georgenswalde , and Warniken , the environs of the last of which vie in grandeur with Stubbenkammer (p. 201). Amber of remarkable purity and solidity is found at Briisterort , at the N.W. angle of Samland, where divers and dredging are employed in the search. The whole of the W. coast of Samland has for more than a thousand years been celebrated as the ‘ Amber Coast \ The yield is most abundant after storms. In 1862 about 4000 lbs. , valued at 1800Z. , were collected near Palmnicken and Nodems in a single morning. It is usually found among the seaweed, and also dug up on the coast, sometimes at a consid- erable distance from the sea. The most important amber-pits are at Palm- nicken. Fragments V2 oz. in weight are valued at Is. 6 d. to 2 s., those of lib. at 15 1. and upwards. The milky amber is most esteemed. Dantsic is now the principal depot of this highly prized antediluvian gum. It is exported to the East for pipe-mouthpieces, as well as to America, Africa, etc. The right to collect amber, formerly a privilege of the Teutonic Grand Master, and subsequently a royal monopoly, protected by severe laws, is now farmed to private individuals. From Konigsberg to Memel, 147 M., railway in 8-974 hrs. by Inster - burg and Tilsit (fares 19 m. 30, 14 m. 70, 9 m. 70 pf., express higher). Sta- tions Tapiau , Wehlau (where the train crosses the Alle ), and Norkitten. 57 M. Insterburg (Rheinischer Hof; Deutsches Haus ; Kronprinz von Preussen ), an industrial town with 17,000 inhab., on the Pregel, where the line to Tilsit turns to the N. — From Insterburg to (39 M.) Eydt- kuhnen , the Prussian frontier-station , by railway in 2 hrs. ; thence by Kowno and Diinaburg to (557 M.) St. Petersburg by express in 24 hrs. — - From Insterburg to Lyck , 74 M., railway in 474 hrs. — From Insterburg to Thorn , see p. 209. 90 M. Tilsit (*Hdtel de Russie; Prinz Wilhelm ), a town with 19,800 inhab. on the Memel. On a raft anchored below the bridge-of-boats the peace of 1807 was concluded between Napoleon, Alexander, and Frederick Wil- liam III., by which Prussia was deprived of one-half of her dominions. The train crosses the valley of the Memel (which is here 272 M. wide) by means of three imposing bridges , designed and erected in 1872-75 by the architect Suche, and now securing a permanent communi- cation with the N. E. extremity of the German Empire. — Stations Pogegen , Heydekrug , Prokuls. 147M. Memel (British Hotel; Victoria Hotel; Weisser Schwan ), a seaport with 19,800 inhab., at the entrance to the Kurische Half, the northernmost town in Prussia, and the central point of the Baltic timber-trade. From Konigsberg to Grajewo, 125 M., railway in 7 hrs. (fares 16 m. 10, 12 m. 10, 8 m. 10 pf.). Several insignificant stations. Then (23 M.) Preussisch-Eylau , with a monument in memory of the battle of 7th Feb., 1807, the first defeat that Napoleon experienced. 50 M. Korschen (p. 209) ; 82M. Lotzen , a fortress ; 122 M. Prostken , the last Prussian station. 125 M. Grajewo , the Russian frontier-station. 222 34. From Berlin to Frankfort on the Oder and Posen. 158 M. Railway to Frankfort in l 3 /4-2V2 hrs. (fares 6 m. 60, 5 m., 3 m. 30 pf. ; express 7 m. 40, 5 m. 50, 3 m. 90 pf.). From Frankfort to Posen in 41/2 hrs. (fares 13 m. 90, 10 m. 40 pf., 7 m.j. — Express from Berlin to Posen in 6 hrs. (fares 22 m. 10, 16 m. 50, 10 m. 30 pf.). Berlin , see p. 1. Scenery unattractive. 2M. Rummelsburg ; 7 M. Kopenick , with an old chateau (now a teachers’ seminary), where Frederick the Great was tried by court-martial when crown-prince ; 15 M. Erkner (to the S. rise the Muggelsberge ) 4 29 M. Fiirstenwalde , a town of 11,000 inhab., with extensive breweries. 39 M. Briesen. 50 M. Frankfort on the Oder. — Hotels. Deutsches Haus, Wilhelms- Platz 1 5 Goldner Adler, Bischofs-Str. 21;Prinz von PREUssEN,Oder-Str.26. Restaurants. *Reimann , Richt-Str. ; Rathskeller , below the Rathhaus ; Victoria- Garten , Wilhelms-Platz. Frankfort on the Oder , the capital of the district of that name, with 47,200 inhab., and the largest town in the Province of Bran- denburg after Berlin and Potsdam, was founded by the Wends, an- nexed to Brandenburg in 1250, and notwithstanding its repeated captures during the Hussite, the Thirty Years , and the Seven Years wars was always an important station on the commercial route to Poland. The Reminiscere, Margaretha, and Martini fairs are still much frequented by Poles. The streets are broad and well built. Leaving the station, we proceed straight to the Fiirstenwalder- Strasse, turn to the right, and cross the Wilhelms-Platz, planted with trees, where the Theatre is situated. Farther on in the same direction (straight through the Regierungs-Str.) rises the Ober- kirche, or Church of St. Mary , a spacious brick structure of the 14th cent., with double aisles added subsequently. Wood-carving over the altar, richly gilded, dating from 1717 ; old stained glass; candelabrum with seven branches, adorned with reliefs of the 14th century. — The handsome * Rathhaus m the market-place, to the N. of the Oberkirche, was erected in 1607, and was recently restored. On the S. gable is seen the device of the Hanseatic League, an ob- lique iron rod, supported by a shorter one. The park on the S. side of the town, adjoining the Wilhelms- Platz, contains a monument to the poet Ewald von Kleist , who fell at the battle of Kunersdorf in 1759 (p. 223). Farther to the S. is the extensive ‘Anger’, on which stands the Oertraudkirche , built in 1875-79, and containing a painting of the Tribute Money by A. von Werner. At the end of the Anger is the Carthhaus-Bad , 2 4 / 2 M. beyond which is the Buschmuhle (rail, stat.), a favourite place of recreation ♦ From Frankfort branch-railways diverge by ^ Lebus and Podelzig to Ciistrin (p. 208), and by Gusow-Seelow (p. 203) to Angermunde (p. 203). Another line leads S. by Peitz to Cottbus (p. 231), and thence to Sen /^ n ‘ berg (p. 231), Ruhland (branch to Lauchhammer ), and Grossenham (p. 2bl). From Frankfort to Breslau , see R. 35. The Posen line crosses the Oder. At Kunersdorf , near stat. Blankensee , Frederick the Great suffered a defeat in 1 759 from TSdwone^ ! markt Ml w ' X ^ r®. POSEN !• 1 : 12.000 0 50 100, JL< 3 ° Meter. 1 .ApeHationsgericht C.2.3. 2 . Commandantur B.3. 3 . Erzbischbfl. Palais . F.l. 4* . General - Commando C.3. 5 . Haxqrtwache C.3. Ercliexi. : 6 . & Adalberts - C.l. T . Bemhardzner - D.E.4 1 . 8 .Donv F.l. Q.Domimkaner- D.2. 10 Jranziskaner - . C.3. H..Garnisoiv - B.l. H.Karmeltter - B.5. lZJlreuz ... E.3. 14*J farien- . F.l. 15 .Martins- . B.C.4-. 16 .Petri, - ■ Yi.Stadtpfarr- . D.3. \&.Synagjqc C.2. 19 . Kreisgerichl C.2. 20. .True Landschaft B.2. ; 2 ‘LPolixei Prasidiunv B.3. 2 l.Raczvnski -BilKoth ek B.3. 23 .Raffduais C.3. 21r.Regienoujsgebaude D.3. 2 5 . Schaitsp ielhaus B.3. Zb.SommerQieater A3. Oasfhofe : a Motel de Rome . B.3. 1). " " de Rresde . B.3. t* c. " " He France C.3. d. * ” de VEurope B.2. e. " " deBertijv B.2. f. Bazar . 5 C.3. POSEN. 34. Route. 223 the combined Russian and Austrian armies. 63 M. Reppen , junction for the line from Stettin to Glogau and Breslau via Ciistrin. From Reppen to Breslau, 137 M., railway in 5-672 hrs. (fares 17 m. 70, 13 m. 30, 8 m. 90 pf. ; express 19 m. 20, 14 m. 70, 10 m. 30 pf.) ; from Berlin to Breslau via Reppen 874 lirs. ; from Stettin to Breslau, 220 M., in 872-H hrs. (comp. p. 206). 35 M. Rothenburg is tlie junction for Guben (see p. 224) and Posen (via Bentschen; see p. 224); 4372 M. Griinberg (Sckwarzer Adler), prettily situated, where sparkling wine is largely manufactured. 78 M. Glogau ("Deutsches Haus ; Spielhagen's Hotel ; Hensler's Hotel J, a fortress on the Oder, with 17,000 inhab., the junction of the line from Hansdorf (p. 235) to Lissa (p. 224). 90 M. Raudten , junction for Liegnitz (p. 225); 133 M. Schmiedefeld (branch to Oels , p. 259). 137 M. Breslau (p. 225). 80 M. Neu-Kunersdorf ; 844/2 M. Topper , with a chateau and park of Marshal von Manteuffel ; 97 M. Schwiebus (Hotel Haensgen), a town of 8000 inhab.; 112 M. Bentschen , junction for the branch- line to Guben (see p. 224). 158M. Posen. — Hotels. "Hotel de Dresde (PI. b), R. 2, D. 272 m. ; De l’Europe (PI. d) ; De Rome (PI. a), with "Restaurant; De France (PI. c), good cuisine ; De Berlin (PI. e) ; Bazar (PI. f), frequented by Poles. Wine (generally good Hungarian). Andersch , Kempner , Goldenring , all in the Alte Markt; Ribbeck , Friedrich-Str. — Beer. *Falk , Schloss-Str. 4; Sujecki , Schloss-Str. 5; Schwersenz , Kanonen-Platz ; Diimke , Wilhelms- Platz ; Mahl , Berliner-Str. 6. — Cafes. Beely , Wilhelms-Platz 7 ; Wolkowitz , Wilhelms-Platz 12, both with gardens. Pleasure Resorts. The Fichuald , on the Warthe, 3 M. from the town, steamer in summer; Schilling's , 174 M., beyond Fort Winiary. Cab from the station into the town for 1 pers. 70 pf., 2 pers. 1 m. Posen , Polish Poznan , the capital of the province of that name, the headquarters of the 5th Corps d’ Armde, and a fortress of the first rank, with 61, 100 inhab. (more than (^German, about V 4 Prot., and y 4 Jews), and a garrison of 7000 men, lies at the confluence of the Cybina and Warthe. It is one of the most ancient Polish towns, having been the residence of the kings of Poland down to 1296. It was also important as a great depot of the trade between Germany and the East , and was a member of the Hanseatic League in the middle ages. The new part of the town has been erected since it came into the possession of Prussia in 1815. In entering the town we obtain a view of the imposing fortifica- tions. In the spacious Wilhelms-Platz (PI. B, 3), rise the Theatre (PI. 25) and the Raczynski Library (PI. 22), a building adorned with 24 Corinthian iron columns, and containing 30,000 vols. pre- sented to the town by Count Raczynski. In front of the theatre is a Monument to the soldiers of the 5th Corps d’Armee, who fell at Nachod in 1866. The District Court is in the Wilhelm-Str., the Upper Court in the Sapieha-Platz. Among the older buildings the most noteworthy is the Rath- haus (PI. 23; C, 3), the principal part of which dates from the 16th cent.; the projecting double vestibule was erected in 1550 by Giovan Battista de Quadro, an Italian architect. The tower is of 1730, in the style of the period. On the vaulting of the vesti- bule are the signs of the zodiac in painted reliefs. 224 Route 35. GUBEN. The Dom, or Cathedral (PI. 8; E, 1), on the right hank of the Warthe, re-erected in 1775, contains several treasures of art (sa- cristan to the right, at the corner of the chief facade). On four pillars four * Brasses of the 15th cent. , including that of the woywoda, or governor, Gurka (d. 1472) ; Monuments of bishops ; sumptuous *Golden Chapel , erected in 1842 by a society of Polish nobles, in the Byzan- tine style, adorned with paintings and mosaics and fine gilded bronze statues of the two first Christian Polish Kings, by Rauch ; in the chapel ad- joining the latter on the right, a monument of the Powodowski family, 1585. The collections of the Verein der Freunde der Wissenschaften , a Polish society, Miihlen-Str. 35, are obligingly shown to visitors ; they include several paintings, a library, and prehistoric antiqui- ties. Near the Martinskirche (PI. 15) is a monument to the Polish poet Mickiewicz. — *Fort Winiary affords the best survey of the en- virons (tickets at the commandant’s office, Wilhelm-Str. 14). From Posen to Bromberg (94y 2 M.) or to Thorn (87y 2 M.), by rail- way in 33/4-53/4 hrs. (fares 12 m. 20, 9 m. 20, 6 m. 10 pf., and 11 m. 40, 8 m. 60, 5 m. 70 pf.). — Principal station (31 M.) Gnesen, Pol. Gniezno (* Stahri's Hotel), the most ancient place in Poland, prettily situated among hills and lakes. Among the ten churches is the interesting cathedral of the 10th cent. , with the tomb of St. Adalbert, the first preacher of the Gospel in Prussia and Poland. The town has been the seat of an archbishop since the year 1000, and the kings of Poland were crowned here down to 1320. It is the junction for a line to Oels and Breslau. — The lines to Bromberg and Thorn diverge from each other at (66 M.) Inowrazlaw . Bromberg and Thorn , see p. 209. From Posen to Breslau, 102 M., in 4 1 /* hrs. (13 m. 20, 9 m. 90, b m. 60 pf.), uninteresting. From (47 M.) Lissa, Polish Leszna, a manufacturing town, a branch-line diverges to Glogau (p. 223; 1 hr.). Breslau , p. 225. From Posen to Stettin , see p. 207. 35. From Berlin to Breslau by Frankfort on the Oder and Sagan. 204 M. Railway in 6V2-IO hrs. (express fares 29 m. 70, 22 m., 15 m. 50 pf.: ordinary 26 m., 19 m. 60, 13 m. 10 pf.). From Frankfort to Breslau, 154 M., railway in 5-8'/2 hrs. (express fares 22 m. 30, 16 m. 50, 11 m. 60 pf.; ordinary 19 m. 40, 14 m. 60, 9 m. 80 pf.). (From Berlin to Breslau via Reppen, see R. 34; via Gorlitz, see R. 37). From Berlin to (50 M.) Frankfort on the Oder , see R. 34. At (57 M.) Finkenheerd tbe train crosses the Mullroser Canal , wliicb unites the Spree and Oder. 65 M. Fiirstenherg ; 68 M. Neuzelle. 81 M. Guben (Liehr's Hotel; Prinz Carl), with 23,800 inhab., cloth-factories, orchards, and vineyards. From Guben to Cottbus , see p. 313. . From Guben to Bentschen (for Posen), 61 M., railway in 6 s / a hrs. (fares 7 m. 90, 5 m. 90 pf., 4 m.). — 18 M. Crossen, a small manufacturing town at the confluence of the Bober and Oder , the capital of an ancient duchy of that name which was annexed to Brandenburg in 1538. 32 M. Rothenburg , and thence to Glogau and Breslau, see p. 223. 43 1 /^ M. Ziillichau; 54 M. Bomst; 61 M. Bentschen. From Bentschen to Posen, see p. 223. Beyond Guben the line crosses the Neisse. 90 M. Jessnitz. At (98 M.) Sommerfeld (10,200 inhab.) a branch-railway diverges to Sorau, Kohlfurt (p. 235), Arnsdorf, and Liegnitz (19 M. longer than the line described below). 101 M. Oassen; 108 M. Benau. X ITacE dem IB alknliof a_ey fRecliten 0 dex-TJf B alvnKofV' L Ceiiiralbafinjio/ ' (r. 7 . HFrezburg Sc/un>ei3nitz- C. 3 JCd Stlues. Heirk- . . . TB 4eR.0der UferBahnhofl^ C 5 . 5. II ibliathek til? G. Boise ■ 7 . Bohinischer Garten- (t. TT . 1 . 9 Command ctnJw iiHauptajaclui E JO. FurstbischotFL. Resu/cnx- 11 Gouvernement 12 Hospital JUerheiHgen 13 . JnterucLocnixcr TTivcTieTi .Dam Jf- ~\^.l) 0 Tnxntkeoter G. .^XG-Blisalethene . HJG-euxK. G 18 Maria MagdaJenen -■ I 7 * 19 .Sanelkirche- _ 20 .ITniversilats (JFathiasJ H. T< . 3 Kloster TX-Der barmh. Sriider H. HI. Elisabethiner J>- Monumente Hb-Friedrich- H. Htfi'ieil/'U'hJtilheljn IR T, 'Xj.Blilcher :E IG.Tauentzien -■ H . Ht. Palais IConig liches . . . IE i HG.Poetamt -E 29 Jtalhaas H^Stadthoais,neiies 31. Stdndehaus -® 32. Synngoge, a lie SZ.Siadt Theater H&Lobe-Theecter S&Thab'a -Theater 3it.Vnb r ersztict> IE. 3 5 . Jjeue Synago$ 36 . liieJnchls nohe fr.5 Hotels ‘ a. Go Tdner I- owe la.Goldne Guns C Hotel du jforcL Hetsser ddler Hotel tie. Filesie Df-ei Beige Kuiserfiof'. Hotels. BRESLAU. 36. Route. 225 118M. Sagan (Weisser Lowe ; Deutsches Haus), a busy little town with 10,500 inhab., the capital of the principality of the same name. The Chateau of the Duke of Sagan and Yalengay con- tains a few pictures and sculptures; from 1627 to 1634 it was in the possession of the famous Wallenstein. Our line here intersects the railway from Sorau to Glogau (pp. 235, 223). 125 M. Mallmitz ; 150 M. Reisicht. At (157 M.) Arnsdorf the line unites with that from Leipsic and Halle via Falkenberg and Kohlfurt (comp. p. 313). 164 M. Liegnitz (Rautenkranz; Goldene Krone ; Union , at the station), at the confluence of the Katzbach and Schwarzwasser , with 31,500 inhab., was formerly the capital of a principality of the name. The Schloss near the station, rebuilt since 1835, contains the government-offices; the principal portal, in the Renaissance style of 1533, was probably designed by a Brabant master. There are also several dwelling-houses in the same style. The Roman Catholic Church of SS. Peter and Paul contains monuments of the princes who formed the last branch of the ancient Polish Piast dynasty, which became extinct in 1675. St. Peter s and two huge towers date from the 14th century. In the Friedrichs-Platz is a Statue of Frederick the Great. The Lion Monument , on the Marienwiese, commemorates the wars of 1866 and 1870-71. — From Liegnitz to Kohlfurt and Sorau , see p. 235; to Konigszelt , see R. 44. Beyond Liegnitz the Breslau train crosses the Katzbach (p. 256). To the left the Kunitzer See. 172 M. Spittelndorf ; 178 M. Maltsch; 183V2 M. Neumarkt; 189 M. Nimkau. At Leuthen , near (196 M.) Lissa , Frederick the Great with 33,000 Prussians defeated 90,000 Austrians under Prince Charles of Lorraine in 1757. On the evening of the same day Frederick surprised a number of Austrian officers in the chateau of Lissa (to the left of the station) with the enquiry, ‘Good evening, gentlemen ! Any room for me here?’ The train now crosses the Weistritz. 202 M. Mochbern , junction for Glogau (p. 323). 204 M. Breslau. 36. Breslau. Arrival. Breslau has five railway-stations: 1. Central Station (PI. 1), for the Upper Silesian and Posen railway, and for most trains of the ‘Niederschlesisch-Markisch 1 line. 2. JViederschlesisch-Mdrkisch Station (PI. 3). 3. Freiburg Station (PI. 2), for the Freiburg and Schweidnitz line. 4. Sta- tion for the Right Bank of the Oder (PI. 4), the last three all in the same neighbourhood. 5. Oder- Thor Station of the Right Bank of the Oder Rail- way , to the N. of the town (see PI. D, 1). Hotels. *Galisch’s Hotel zum Goldnen Lowen (PI. a; F, 6), Tauenzien- Platz, with restaurant ; *Heinemann’s Hotel zur Goldnen Gans (PI. b ; F, 5), Junkern-Str. 14-15 ^ *Weisser Adler (PI. d; F, 5), Ohlauer-Str. 10, with restaurant, D. 3, B. I 1/4 m. ; *Kaiserhof (PI. g ; G, 7), Neue Taschen- Str. 15, with restaurant. — "Hotel du Nord (PI. c), Neue Taschen-St.r. 18, opposite the Central Station, moderate; "Hotel de SilEsie (PI. e; F, 4), Bischof-Str. 4, 5; Konig von Ungarn, with restaurant, Bischof-Str. 13; Gebauer, Tauenzien-Platz 13; Hotel de Rome (hotel garni), with restau- rant, Albrecht- Str. 17; Labuske, with "Restaurant, Ohlauer-Str. 74; Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 15 226 Route 36. BRESLAU. History. Drei Berge (PI. f ; E, 5), Biittner-Str. 33-, Junghans’ Hotel Gakn 1 , Claassen ' Str 10 opposi e the Central Station. - -Deutsches Haus, Albrecht-Str. 22, and =WeS Ross, Kicolai-Str. 10, 11, both unpretending ; Stapt Bkandkn- bckg, Berliner-Platz 6; Riegnek, Konig-Str. 4. — At the time of the wool- markets the prices are considerably raised at all the hotels. Restaurants. - Hansen , Schweidnitzer-Str. 16-18 ; - Wdsthoff , J ^ n ^ ern "^- 11 • Selbstherr , Junkern-Str. 18, 19 •, Lange , Junkern-Str. 3; Grautoff, OMaaer- Str. 55; Hubner , Albrecht-Str. 51; Kempner, Schweidnitzer-Str 27; WmteL, Messergasse 9; Riegner , Konig-Str. 4. Conap. also the hotels above. Beer * Labuske , Ohlauer-Str. 74; *Zur Landschaft, Zwinger-Str. 5 a, with outlook on the promenade; *Kissling, Junkern-Str. 9 ; Breslauer Co ncerthaus Garten-Str 16; Schmekal & Schwarz, Tauenzien-Platz 1 b ; Borsenkellvr, at the New Exchange; Friebe, Schweidnitzer Keller, below the Rathhaus; Vcliolz Schweidnitzer-Str.; Simmenauer Bierhalle, Zwmger-Platz 2 (PL F,6). —^afdsan^ Confectioners. Kloin, Schweidnitzer Stadtgrahen wi h garden ; Kloin Taschen-Str. 19; Royal , Albrecht-Str. 12; Perini, Junkern Str. 2, Manatschal, Ring 3; Orlandi & Steiner , Albrecht-Str. 33; Brunmes , Junkern- Str 30. — - Liebichshohe (p. 227), a restaurant, with beautiful view. , fh Baths. River Baths: -Riesenwellenbad , by the mills; ^ th ®^ by 3 e Matthiaskunst, etc.; Ladies’ Baths, Hinterbleiche 3. — Warm Baths. Yic- toriabad , Claassen - Str. 18; Georgenbad Zwinger-Str. 6 THnnnharl Neiie Kirch-Str. 11. — Turkish Baths: Levy, Werder-Str. 2. (PL 33; F,6); Lobe-Theater (PI. 33a), for come- dies and minor operas; Thalia- Theater (PL 33 b), Victoria- Theatei , e ^ c - ^ Concerts and P Popular Resorts. Concerts of the Orchesterverein at the Concerthaus Garten-Str. 16, every alternate Tues. evening Symphony Con- certs, 2 the same place, Thurs. 3-6; Liebichshohe; Liebich's Rooms; Scholz s Exh^ftTon r ^ of’ Pictures : Lichtenberg , in the Museum (p. 230; adm. 50 P Post Office (PI. 28; F, 4), Alhrecht-Str. 26. - Telegraph Office, Mu- SeU 7iabs lat PCT Ar 2 ivfin E thPtown, including the Schweidnitz and Central ^n^-’lnthe evening 6 from 10.30 p.m. to midnight, one-half more; of° the Tramways to the station of the railway on the Right Bank of the Oder, to Scheitnig , to Popelwitz, etc. ; comp, the Elan. . fpi G 3) «tfpflmboats. From the promenade, near the banclorucKe ^ri. u, o;, every* hour in summer to the Zoological Garden, z ^ lil ^\. 0der n s ^j?f Sch ^ and V Wilhelmshafen ; from the Konigsbriicke to Popelwitz, Osmtz, and Masselwitz (there and back 50 pf.). Breslau (391 ft.), tlie second city in Prussia the capital of Silesia and seat of government for the province Ae headquarters of the 6th Corps d’Armde, and the residence of a Roman Catholic prince-bishop, with 278,000 inhab. (50,000 Rom. Oath ‘20 000 Jews, 8000 soldiers), lies in a fertile plain on both banks of the i Oder at the influx of the Okie. The islands formed here by the Oder are connected with the hanks by numerous bridges. The city consists of the Altstadt, Neustadt, and five suburbs. The latter are continual y increasing; the Schweidnitzer Vorstadt , to the S., is particularly well built and contains a number of handsome dwelling-houses. bA Z- wratislavia, Pol. Wroclaw, a town . and ep early as the year 1000, is of Slavonic origin, and with Silesia belonged Promenades, BRESLAU. 36. Route. 227 to Poland down to 1163, after which it became the capital of the indepen- dent Duchy of Silesia. In 1261 Duke Heinrich III. introduced the then famous municipal law of Magdeburg. On the extinction of the dukes in 1335 it was annexed to Bohemia and became subject to the emperors of the Luxemburg family, who took the city under their special protection, so that, in spite of the storms of the Hussite wars and of the following centuries , an independent German element was strongly developed. At this period also Breslau received its architectural character. The latest style of Gothic architecture, and that of the earliest Renaissance, were zealously cultivated here. The finest Gothic church is the elegant Elisabethen-Kirche, and the handsomest secular building in that style is the Rathhaus. Here, as in all Slavonic and semi-Slavonic countries, the Renaissance gained ground at a remarkably early period, but whether it was introduced by Italians, or learnt by natives in Italy, is uncertain. The new style appears to have been applied to portals and to monuments, the finest of which are to be seen in the Elisabethen-Kirche (p. 228). Works of greater magnitude, however, were unfortunately never attempted, as in 1523 the citizens embraced the Reformation, and having fallen under the Austrian supremacy in 1527, they were compelled to defend their privileges and to abandon the cultivation of art. To the Jesuit style, however, the town is indebted for its imposing University. In 1741 Frederick the Great marched into Silesia and took Breslau by surprise. In 1757 the town was again occupied by the Austrians, but was re-captured by Frederick after the battle of Leuthen (p. 225). In 1760 Tauenzien (p. 230) repelled an attack by Laudon. In 1806-7 the town was besieged by Yandamme, who took it and levelled the fortifications. In March, 1813, Breslau was the scene of an enthusiastic rising against the French, on which occasion Frederick William III. issued his famous appeal 4 An mein Volk 1 . Since the termination of that war the city has rapidly increased. Breslau is now one of the most important commercial and industrial places in Germany. The principal manufactures are steam-engines, rail- way-carriages, liqueurs, and spirits. The staple commodities, chiefly the produce of Silesia and Poland , are wool , grain , metal , cloth , and timber. The great wool-markets take place at the beginning of June and October. ^Promenades on the site of the fortifications, skirting the broad moat, which is enlivened with swans , now enclose the greater part of the inner city. The finest parts of these are the Zwingergarten (PL F, 6), at the end of the Schweidnitzer-Str., with a handsome club-house, and, farther to the E., the modern belvedere called the *Liebichshdhe (Pl. 36 ; G, 5), on the old Taschenbastei, which is crowned with a Victory by Rauch , and commands an admirable survey of the town and its environs. At the foot of it is a monument to Schleiermacher (p. 50), who was born at Breslau in 1768. The Ziegelbastei , at the N.E. corner of the Promenades, affords a view of the Oder and the N. suburbs with their handsome churches. Adjacent is the Augusta-Platz , in which a monument has been erected to the soldiers who fell in 1870-71. On the opposite bank are the Gardens of the Episcopal Palace. Near the centre of the town is the Grosse Ring (PI. E, 4, 5), a large market-place. On the N. side of it, called the Naschmarkt, is the Schwedenhalle (No. 47), with stucco-reliefs of 1633, re- presenting scenes from the wars of Gustavus Adolphus. The W. side, which is named the Siebenkurfurstenseite (‘Side of the Seven Electors’), contains the house (No. 8) once occupied as a residence 15 * Statue of Blilcher. by the Bohemian kings, built about 1500; the frescoes, represent- ing the Emperor and tbe seven Electors, were restored in 1865. The S. side is named the Goldene Becherseite . On the fourth side, or Grilne Rohrseite , is the Old Rathhaus (No. 30), where the Kings of Poland and Saxony used to be lodged , with ornamented door- ways. Opposite the S. side rises the *Rathhaus (PI. 29; visitors apply at the custodian’s room in the passage below), a noble monument of the prosperous age of Charles IV . and the other Luxemburg mon- archs. The florid enrichments of the oriel windows and gables, and the rich decorations of the interior belong , however , to the late- Gothic period (end of 15th and beginning of 16th cent.). The finest apartment is the *Furstensaal (once the chapel), with hand- some vaulting, where from the 15th cent, downwards meetings of the Silesian princes and estates were generally held. The last of these was in 1741 , when homage was done to Frederick the Great as conqueror of Silesia. The council-hall has been appropriately re- stored and adorned with portraits of princes. — Below the Rathhaus is the Schweidnitzer Bierkeller (entered from the S. side), with re- markably fine vaulting. . - The Staupsaule (or pillory), erected in 1492, on the E. side of the Rathhaus , is a monument of the severe laws of ancient times, while the extensive range of buildings around the Rathhaus is a memorial of the Slavonic custom of erecting booths and stalls ad- jacent to public buildings. . In the W. part of the Grosse Ring rise the equestrian Statue of Frederick the Great (PI. 23) , in bronze , erected in 1842 , and the equestrian Statue of Frederick William III. (PL 24), erected in 1861, both by Kiss , a pupil of Rauch, and a Silesian by birth. The Stadthaus (PI. 30; adm. daily 10-2), adjoining the Rath- haus, designed by Stiller , was completed in 1863, and occupies the ' site of the Linendrapers’ Hall. On the ground-floor are the muni- cipal offices. The handsome apartments of the first A n°l C c 011 the Town Library , comprising 200,000 vols., over 1500 MSS., and a cabinet of coins. The Council Chamber is in the upper story. . The Ring forms the centre of traffic , the main arteries of which are the handsome Schweidnitzer-Strasse, leading to the W. stations, and the Ohlauer-Strasse. , . ... The neighbouring Bliicher-Platz is embellished with a Statue of Blucher (PI. 52; E, 5), designed by Rauch. On the S. side oi the Platz is the handsome Biirse, the property of a private club. The Protestant *Chureh of St. Elizabeth (PI. 16 ; E, 4), to the N W of the Ring, erected in 1253-57, and restored in 18 j7-oJ, with a tower 335 ft. in height (1452-58), contains some interesting old tombstones (the finest those of the ‘Rentmeister Byfcuoh in the N. aisle, and the physician Crato von Craftheim in the S. aisle), a handsome late-Gothic tabernacle of 1455, late-Gothic carved alta Silesian Museum , BRESLAU. 36. Route. 229 and stalls, and modern stained glass, presented to the church by Frederick William IV. The sacristan is to be found at the new parsonage, to the N. of the church. The Protestant Mary Magdalene Church (PI. 18 ; F, 4), to the E. of the Ring, with two towers connected by an arch, dates from the same early period. In the S. tower is a bell cast in 1368. The Interior is rich in works of art. The Gold-beaters 1 Chapel contains five altar-screens of the 15th cent., the Sacristy a small brazen lustre and an aquamanile of the 14th century. To the left of the high- altar is a portrait of John Hess, a Lutheran divine called hither from Nuremberg in 1523. The stained glass was the gift of Fred. William IV. — The late-Romanesque S. portal, now sadly dilapidated, dates from the end of the 12th cent, and is one of the most interesting monuments of art in the town. Opposite the S.E. side of the church rises the Dompnig Column , with sculptures of 1491, erected to a Hungarian chieftain of this name, who is said to have been unjustly executed in 1490. — The adjacent Church of St. Christopher (PI. F, 5) contains a pulpit dating from the end of the 16th cent., carved wood of the 16th cent., etc. At the end of the Schweidnitzer-Strasse (PI. F, 5, 6) are the Theatre (PI. 33), re-erected after a fire in 1865 , and again after another in 1871, and the Government Buildings (PI. 11). The ad- joining Exercier-Platz (PI. E, 6 ; parade at noon) is bounded on the N. by the Royal Palace (PI. 27), the S. wing of which was built by Stiiler in 1846, and on the W. by the Standehaus (PI. 31), or Hall of the Estates. Beyond the Standehaus , at the corner of the Graupen-Str. and the Promenade , rises the Neue Borse (PI. 6 ; D, E, 5), or New Exchange , an imposing modern Gothic edifice (1864-67). The facade opposite the Standehaus is adorned with stone statues representing a merchant , a farmer, a sailor, and a shepherd. The spacious Hall is handsomely decorated (open daily, 10-1). Beyond the Stadtgraben rises the large New Synagogue (PI. 35 ; E, 6), a brick building in the Oriental style by Oppler. To the S. of it extends the Eichborn sche Garten. A little to the W. is the Museums-Str. , leading to the Museums- Platz, which is surrounded with tasteful modern edifices. In the centre stands the Silesian Museum of Art (PI. E, 6), a brick build- ing with an Ionic portico and a lofty dome, begun in 1875 from a design by Ratliey , and finished in 1879. Below the cornice is a frieze with medallions of Michael Angelo , Durer , Raphael , and Holbein. The pediments are embellished with allegorical statues of Sculpture, Ceramic Art (to the S.), Painting, and Architecture (N.), the first two by Hartel , the others by Michaelis. First Floor. To the left of the vestibule is the Collection of Casts, to the right that of Engravings, consisting of 34,000 plates. The Art Industrial Collection and the Library are also on this floor. The handsome staircase, above which rises the dome, decorated by Schaller with scenes from the legend of Prometheus, ascends hence to the — Second Floor, which is devoted to the Picture Gallery. The works 230 Route 36. BRESLAU. Cathedral. of the old masters, most of them duplicates from the Berlin Museum, include paintings ascribed (but without critical authority) to Filippo Lippi , Titian V Paolo Veronese , Guido Reni , Rubens , Van Dyclc , Tenters , Snyders , CJiwX ftMrin, akd others. Among the modern pictures may be to in Honed the following: A. !T«roer, Sketch for the mosaic-pamtings “ C1 the Column of Victory at Berlin (p. 64), Ad. Menzel The Silesian Estates vowing fealty to Frederick the Great on his sword, Camphausen, Silesian army crossing the Rhine at Caub in 1814, Scholtz , Formation of the Liitzow volunteers in 1813, Harrach , LutheFs capture on to way home from Worms, Dressier , Silesian mountains, Kalkreuth , Sunset-glow in the Alps. — Lichtenberg’s Exhibition, see p. 22b. The E wing of the Ground Floor, entered from the Museums-Str., contains a Collection of Silesian Antiquities. Among the ^ost ^teresG infy obiects are a Pieta in terracotta and a travelling altar ot tne lotn felt Xo altars to the Virgin of the 16th cent three > Madonnas rn ala- baster of the 15th cent. , and the municipal collection .of court contains architectural fragments and sculptures of the 13th ISt The Freiburger-Strasse leads hence to the handsome stations of the Freiburg , the Niederschlesisch-Mdrkisch , and the Right Bank of the Oder Railways (PI. 0, B, 6). , The continuation of the Schweidnitzer-Str. to the S. , keyon the moat, leads to the Tauenzien-Platz, which is adorned with the Tauenzien Monument (PI. 26; F, 6), by Schadow erected to Afe general of that name (d. 1791), the gallant defender of Breslau in 1760 (p. 227). A short distance hence is the Central Railway Station * The streets running to the N. of the Ring lead to the University 1P1 34- E 31, which contains valuable zoological and mineralogical collections’. It was transferred from Frankfort on the Oder to Bres au in 1811 and united with a Jesuit school, the buildings of which i now occupies [1300 students). — The Vniversity Library, comprising 340,000 vols., 2900 vols. of MSS., specimens of the earliest typo- graphy, etc., is established in an old Augustiman Abbey [PI. 0) on the Sandinsel (PL F, 2, 3). The adjoining Sandkirche [PI. 19 ; F, 2), or Church of our Lady on the Sand, erected in the middle of the 13th cent » ™ l proportioned structure with polygonal apse and fine star :' a . l ‘ 1 ‘ 1 ( n ® ’ Above the door of the sacristy is a relief of the 12th cent, [one o the oldest in the town), representing the foundation of the origins church by Mary, wife of Duke Peter Wlast, and her son Swentoslaus. The Kreuzkirche fPl. 17; G, 2), on the right bank of the Oder, a handsome brick edifice consecrated in !29 5 , contains a large crypt and the tomb of Duke Henry IV. of Breslau [d. 1290), in painted sandstone, in front of the high-altar. The Cathedral of St. John [PI. 14; G, 2), begun in 1170, com- pleted in the 14th cent., and recently restored, is flanked with two series of chapels. , s the sumpta0 usly decorated ^"“of the'fe century Thea^clnnhapel /ontains the -Monument LUBBEN. 37. Route. 231 of Bishop Roth (d. 1506), cast by P. Vischer of Nuremberg, tbe bishop in high relief, surrounded by the six patron saints of the country. Marble sarco- phagus of Bishop Progella (d. 1376). Monument of Duke Christian of Holstein , an imperial general who fell in a battle with the Turks at Salankemen in 1691 (reliefs of battles, Turks as caryatides). — The adjoining chapel of Count Palatine Franz Ludwig , Elector of Mayence , and Prince Bishop of Breslau, contains two good statues of Moses and Aaron, 1727. Numerous other monuments of bishops, and canons, and several paintings by the prolific Willmann (1629-1706). — The Chapel of St. John , in the N. aisle, the second from the choir, contains Cranach's celebrated ‘Madonna among the pines’. — In the Chapel of St. Carlo Borromeo is a Madonna painted on parchment, with a gold ground. Opposite, on the wall of the choir, Christ with the disciples at Emmaus, ascribed to Titian. The Botanical Garden (PI. G, H, 1, 2 ; open daily, except Sun., till 7 p.m.), to the N. of the cathedral, contains a valuable col- lection of medicinal plants. The Wintergarten , a place of public resort, is M. to the E. The Zoological Garden (adm. 50 pf. ; restaurant), tastefully laid out, lies beyond the barrier, ^M. distant (steamer and tramway, see p. 226). The Mohnhaupt-Strasse leads from the Botanical Garden to the N., past the Deaf and Dumb Asylum (PI. G, 1), to the *Church of St. Michael, an elegant Gothic brick edifice, consecrated in 1871, with lofty towers of different shapes. Environs. Scheitnig , on the right bank of the Oder, D/2 M. above the Zoological Garden, with a park (restaurant) and numerous country-houses (comp. PI. J, 2 ; tramway, see p. 226*, cab I-IV2 m.); Morgenau (restaurant), also on the Oder; Zedlitz , on the Ohle; Popelwitz , to the W. of the Nicolai- thor, with pleasant garden (beautiful oaks), etc. 37. Erom Berlin to Gorlitz (Zittau) and Reichenberg. Railway to (129 M.) Gorlitz in 472-5 1 /* hrs. (16 m. 70, 12 m. 50, 8 m. 30 pf.). Thence to (37 M.) Reichenberg in 272-3 hrs., including detention at Seidehberg , the Prussian frontier-station. Berlin , see p. 1. Scenery at first uninteresting. To the left, near (9 M.) Grunau , is Schloss Kopenick (p. 222) ; the neighbouring Muggelsberge and Muggelseen are often visited from Berlin. 17 M. Konigs- Wusterhausen. Beyond (37 M.) Brand begins the Spreewald , which the line skirts for 25 M. 48 M. Liibben (Stadt Berlin ), at the confluence of the Berste and Spree ; 53 M. Lubbenau (Braunes Ross) , with a chateau of Prince Lynar (branch-line toKamenz and Dresden, viaCalau, p. 313, Senftenberg, and Hohenbocka, see p. 261); 60 M. Vetschau. The Spreewald is a wooded and marshy district, about 28 M. in length and 2-5 M. in width, intersected by a network of upwards of two hundred branches of the Spree. Part of it has been drained, but the wilder parts are only accessible by boat in summer. The inhabitants are a Wendish race, who still retain their Slavonic dialect, costumes, and manners. The Lower Spreewald lies to the N.W. of Liibben , the Upper to the N.W. of Vetschau. A visit to the latter is not without attraction. Walk from Vetschau to the (472 M.) * Inn zum Spreewald near the village of Burg ; row to the (I72 hr.) Buschmuhle (near Straupitz , 2 M. distant, is the Weinberg , a good point of view), to the (72 hr.) Forsthaus Eiche , and. to the Kannow-Miihle , and thence by (72 hr.) Leipe to G/4 hr.) Lubbenau (see above). 232 Route 37. GORLITZ. From, Berlin 72 M. Cottbus (*Ansorges Hotel ; Lossow's ; Goldener Ring ; Bar ; Rail. Restaurant ;), a busy town on the Spree, with 24,900 inbab., the junction for Dresden (by Grossenhain ; p. 261), Guben (see p. 313), and Sorau (p. 235), contains considerable cloth-factories. Monument in memory of the war of 1870-71 on the Wallgraben. The chateau of Branitz , a seat of Count Piickler, with a fine park and garden, is 2^2 M. distant. 86 M. Spremberg (Grundig) , pleasantly situated, partly on an island in the Spree ; 97 M. Weisswasser. Branch-line from Weisswasser in V* hr. (fares 60, 40, 30 pf.) to Muskau (Griiner Baum) on the Neisse, where Prince Frederick of the Netherlands possesses a beautiful ParJc , laid out by Prince Puckler (d. 1873), the former proprietor. Modern Schloss in the Renaissance style. The pine-cone and mineral baths of Hermannsbad are also situated here. The shooting-lodg of Hermannsruh is situated amidst magnificent woods, 6 M. from Muskau. 116M. Uhsmannsdorf 118 M. Horka (for Kohlfurt, p. 235, and Hobenbocka, p. 261). 129 M. Gorlitz. — Hotels. Rheinischer Hof; Herbst; Stadt Dres- den, all at the station; Kaiserhof, near the station ; — I^igtoria Hotel, elegantly fitted up; Stadt Zittau ; Prinz Friedrich Karl , Postplatz , “KOnig Wilhelm, P Salomon-Str.; *Goldene Krone Weisses Ross, Ober- markt; Strauss, Demiani-Platz ; Braunek Hiesch, Goldener Baum, Unter- Ular Restaur ants. At all the hotels; also *Cafi Fahrig , at the Victoria Hotel; Pechtner , Obermarkt 18; Vohland , Stem-Str. 1. — Confectioner. Handschuh , Elisabeth-Str. „ . srv a( \_ Cabs. From the station into the town, for 1 pers. 00 pf., each ad ditional pers. 25 pf. more. Drive in the town 40 pf. — Cab with two horses, for 1-2 pers., 25 pf. extra in each case. . Gorlitz is a busy and rapidly increasing town with 4y,UUU in- bab. and many cloth-factories, situated on the Neisse , and on a very ancient commercial route to Poland. In 1346 it was at the bead of the alliance between the six towns of Upper Lusatia (Gorlitz, Bautzen, Lobau, Kamenz, Lauban, and Zittau), but was afterwards annexed to Bohemia, and was frequently involved in the religious wars of Bohemia and Germany in the 15th-17th centuries. In 1 3o it became Saxon, and in 1815 Prussian. Fine Gothic churches, handsome gateways, the Rathhaus in the Altstadt, and a number of dwelling-houses in the Renaissance style, dating from the lbth cent. (e. g. in the Neisse- and Briider-Str. and the Untermarkt), all testify to the ancient importance of the town, while broad and well-built streets and pleasant villas in the new quarters show that it is still a prosperous place. _ m fm Leaving the station we proceed straight to the Post-Platz (PL B 3 4), where the District Courts rise on the left and the Dost Office on the right. A handsome fountain is to be erected m t e middle. A little farther on, to the right, is the Frauenkirche (PL 12 • B, 3), erected in 1449-73, and recently restored (fine portal). Proceeding from the Post-Platz to the left we reach the Demiani- Platz (Pl. B, 3), with the Theatre (Pl. 20) and the Kaisertrutz (PI 10) a massive bastion of 1490, now used as a guard-house to Reichenberg . GORLITZ. 37. Route. 233 and arsenal. Opposite is the Industrial Museum. Adjacent, in the pleasure-grounds, is a War Monument , consisting of a pedestal with a copy in terracotta of a frieze executed hy Siemering for the triumphal entry of the troops into Berlin in 1871, and hearing the first cannon captured from the French in 1870, which was taken at Weissenburg hy soldiers of Gorlitz. To the E. of the Demiani-Platz is the small Marien-Platz, adorned with a Statue of the Burgomaster Demiani (d. 1846), to whom the town was mainly indebted for its rapid development. The neighbouring Frauenthurm , with the arms of the town, dates from the end of the 15th century. The wide Elisabeth-Strasse leads hence to the E. — In the Obermarkt (PI. B, 3) is situated the Trinity , or Abbey Church (PI. 11), of 1245; the W. part was con- secrated in 1385, and restored in 1868; it contains a handsome carved altar of 1383. Beyond the church is the modern Gothic Gym- nasium (PI. 9), occupying the site of the old abbey. A short distance hence, in the Untermarkt, which is partly en- closed hy arcades, rises the *Rathhaus (PI. 19 ; G, 2) of the beginning of the 14th cent, (recently restored), at the corner of the Briider-Str. The tower, with the armorial hearings of Matthew Corvinus, King of Hungary, under whose protection the town had placed itself, was erected in 1509-13. The flight of steps in the angle of the tower, with a statue of Justice on a richly sculptured column, the portal, and the adjacent balcony of the year 1537 are fine speci- mens of the German Renaissance style , and were probably con- structed under the influence of the famous Prague architects of that period. The Rathskeller (restaurant) is much frequented. Proceeding towards the N. through the Peters-Str., we next reach the — *Church of St. Peter and St. Paul (PL 17 ; C, 2), erected in 1423-97, partly rebuilt after a fire in 1691-96 , with earlier W. portal and crypt, one of the finest Gothic edifices in E. Germany. Interior, with double aisles, borne hy 24 slender palm-like pillars. The wooden bridge over the Neisse to the E. of the church com- mands a good survey of the choir. The Museum of Natural History (PI. 21 ; B, 3) contains exten- sive ornithological and conchological collections. At the Kreuzcapelle , to the N.W. of the town, is an imitation of the ‘Holy Sepulchre’, constructed in 1476 by Burgomaster Em- merich, after repeated pilgrimages to the Holy Land. To the S.W. of this point is the modern Roman Catholic Church (PI. 15; 0, 3), in the Romanesque style, to the S. of which is the Standehaus (PI. C, 4), in the Renaissance style. The well-kept *Town Park (PI. C, D, 3, 4) occupies both hanks of the Neisse, extending from below the railway-viaduct (see below) to the pretty Jagerwaldchen (PI. C, 6; Restaurant) on the right hank, and to the Brewery (PL B, C, 6) and the outskirts of the town on the left bank. It contains monuments to Schiller, Humboldt, FRIEDLAND. 234 Route 37. and others, several fountains, and the concert-hall of the Silesian MU Excursions^ 7 The -Landskrone (1421 ft.), a basaltic hill 5 M to the S W., with a castellated inn and belvedere on the top occupying Hie s of an ancient robbers’ stronghold , comm^U a ~ « the^euse, near OstriU , (see below) halfway ln a G SlfthV^nXn a for Kohlfart (p. 235) and Dresden (p. 262). The ‘Silesian Mountain Railway’ also divergeshere, crossi ng an imposing * Viaduct of 34 arches over the Neissethal, _/ 4 M. in length and 70 ft. in height, and leading by Niklausdorf a ^ lc ^®" a " to Lauhan (see p. 235). Lastly a branch-line runs from Gorlitz to (20 M.) Zittau (p.246), via Deutsch-Ossig , Nikruch , Ostntz (to Marienthal, see above), and Hirschfelde. The Reichbnbebg Line continues t0 ru “ *0^7^’ • J aS W/f Deutsch-Ossig and (135 M.) Nikrisch. At (140 M ) Serierte*, the last Prussian station, a custom-house examination tak ® a P‘ a ® e / The first Austrian stations are (142 M.) Tschernhausen and (144 / 2 M 1 50 M ^ Friedland (Adler, in the Markt; Herzog v. Friedland, by the Schloss), a Bohemian town, commanded b y tk ® im ^J ng Schloss, 200 ft. above it, begun in the 11 th and 12th cent _ completed in 1551. The tower was erected as early a 4°* 4 > basaltic rock on which it stands is exposed to view th ® yard. After various vicissitudes, the castle was Phrchasedin 1622 by Wallenstein, whose portrait here is said to be a faith The numerous family-portraits with which )>e walL are Ion g to the present proprietor, the Count of Glam-Ga • P used in the Thirty Years’ War are also shown. Fine view (custo- dia The line now traverses the spurs of the Iser Mts. 153 M. Raspenau, a village with several manufactories is tl, 6 station for Liebwerda (Helm ; Adler; Kurhaus), a smal place to the E„ charmingly situated in the narrow vG ey ^ O e Wittig, at the foot of the Tafelfichte, with a chateau of Count Cl °Ti «'7. L i:ssr .. p . » 1 and Austria. 235 38. From Berlin by Sommerfeld to Kohlfurt and Fellhammer [for Breslau) . 210 M. Railway in 8 V 2 -H hrs. (fares 29 m. 60, 27 m. 30, 13 m. 70 pf.). This is the most direct route from Berlin to the Giant Mts. — Some of the express trains from Berlin to Breslau run via Sommerfeld , Kohlfurt , and Arnsdorf , though this route is 19 M. longer than the direct line via Sagan (R. 35). From Berlin to (98 M.) Sommerfeld , see R. 35. The line di- verges here from the direct railway to Breslau. 100 M. Oassen. 114 M. Sorau (Ldngner's Hotel), a manufacturing place (13,200 inhab.), with a royal Schloss, the junction of the lines to Cottbus (p. 231) and Sagan (p. 225). 121 M. Hansdorf, also connected with Sagan by a branch-line. The line intersects the extensive woods of Gorlitz. 124 M. Halbau. 139M. Kohlfurt (* Rail. Restaurant), junction for Gorlitz (17!/ 2 M., in 40 minutes), Arnsdorf (Liegnitz), and Falkenberg (p. 313). From Kohlfurt to Arnsdorf, 38 t /2 M., railway in C /2 hr. (fare 5 m., 3 m. 80, 2 m. 50 pf.). The line crosses the Queis. Beyond ( 7 l j 2 M.) Siegers- dorf , the Bober is crossed by a viaduct, 530 yds. long, 75 ft. high. — 15V2 M. Bunzlau (Schwarzer Adler; Kronprinz ), with 9900 inhab., is fa- mous for its brown pottery. In the market-place rises an iron Obelisk to the memory of the Russian General Kutusoff (d. 1813). In front of the Gymnasium is a monument to Martin Opitz, the poet (d. 1639). About 3 M. to the E. is the Moravian colony of Gnadenberg. At (33 M.) Hainan the Prussian cavalry defeated the French in 1813. At (38*/2 M.) Arnsdorf the line unites with the direct Berlin-Breslau line (p. 224). Through - trains run from Halle and Leipsic to Breslau via Falkenberg-Kohlfurt-Arnsdorf (p. 313). Beyond (145 M.) Heide-Gersdorf the train reaches the Queis. 152^2 M. Lauban (Rother Hirsch), junction for the line to Gorlitz (p. 234). Lauban, formerly one of the six allied towns of Lusatia , (p. 232), possesses a modern Roman Catholic Church and a Rath- haus of 1560. 158 M. Langenols. Then — 161 M. Greiffenberg ( Spohrt s Hotel ; DietzeVs), prettily situated 1/4 M. to the right of the railway; 1 M. to the S. rises the ruined castle of Greiffenstein (1400 ft.), on a wooded hill, a line point of view. Diligences run from Greiffenberg (once daily) and Rabishau (see below ; twice daily) to the S., passing the ruins of Greiffenstein and the small town of Friedeberg , on the Queis , to — 11 M. Flinsberg (1116 ft.; Neues Brunnenhaus; Grosser Gasthof ; Deut- scher Kaiser; also lodgings), a long village in the Queisthal , with mineral baths and a bath-house built in 1839. The oldest spring , discovered in 1572, is called the ‘Heilige Brunnen’. The Geierstein (2648 ft.), 1 hr. to the E., is a fine point of view. To the S. rises the Iserkamm, of which the highest points are the Heufuder (3543 ft.) and the Tafelfichte (3629 ft.), reached in 2 1 /* and 3 hrs. respectively from Flinsberg. At the foot of the latter lies Bad Schwarzbach , 1 hr. from Flinsberg. The Hochstein (p. 239) may be reached hence in 4 hrs. by ascending the wooded Queisthal, with a guide. A footpath leads from Flinsberg to the W. in 3 V 2 hrs. to the small baths of Liebwerda (p. 234). Thence to Friedland (p. 234) 6 M., or by the direct road from Flinsberg 13y2 M. 236 Route 39. GIANT MOUNTAINS. A view of the Giant Mts. to the right is gradually disclosed. 162 M. Rabishau (see above); 178 M. Reibnitz (omnibus and dili- gence several times daily in summer to Warmbrunn , 4 M., see p. 238). The Bober is crossed twice, and a succession of views is enjoyed. 185 M. Hirschberg, see p. 237. Omnibuses several times daily to Warmbrunn (p. 238) and to Schmiedeberg (p. 240). The most picturesque part of the journey is between Hirschberg and Merzdorf, beyond which the views are concealed from the rail- way traveller (seats should he taken to the right). 188 M. Schildau , with a chateau of the Princess of the Netherlands (omnibus to Schmiedeberg , p. 240) ; 192 M. Jannowitz (direct route to the Bol- zenschloss, l*/ 2 hr., see p. 241); 198 M. Merzdorf. The Bober is crossed several times. At (202 M.) Ruhbank the line to Trautenau and Koniggratz (p. 249) diverges. From Ruhbank to (210 M.) Fellhammer , and thence to Breslau by Altwasser or Salzbrunn, see RR. 41, 42 (to Breslau 3y 2 hrs.). 39. The Giant Mountains. ( Riesengebirge. ) Plan. The most interesting points among the Giant Mts. may be visited in five or six days. Hirschberg (see below) is the most convenient starting-point. 1st Day. Hirschberg and environs; Cavalierberg 3 / 4 hr., gorge of the Sattler 4 hrs. ; drive in the afternoon to Erdmannsdorf in R/ 2 , walk by the Heinrichsburg and Weihrichsberg to Warmbrunn, 3, in all 91/4 hrs. — 2nd Day. Hermsdorf 3 / 4 hr., Kynast and back D/ 2 , Kochelfall 2 V 2 , Josephinenhiitte 2, in all 7 hrs. — 3rd Day. Mountain walk : Zacken- fall 3 / 4 hr., Neue Schlesische Baude 1, Elbfall 2, Schneegrubenbaude 3 / 4 , Petersbaude 1, Mittagsstein R/ 2 , Riesenbaude D/ 2 , Koppe 3 / 4 , in all about 972 hrs. — 4th Day. Descend to the Hampelbaude R/ 2 , Kirche Wang R/ 2 , Grabersteine 1, Arnsdorf 72 , Schmiedeberg 1 hr. — 5t,h Day. Friesensteine I 72 , Fischbach 1, Falkenstein 1, Jannowitz 1 hr. — The Bohemian side may be included by the following arrangement : 1st Day. From the Jo- sephinenhutte by the Elbfall and Spindelmuhl to Hohenelbe. 2nd Day. On foot or by railway to Johannesbad. 3rd Day. From the Johannesbad through the Aupagrund or the Riesengrund to the Koppe. 4th and 5th Days, as above. — A visit to the Adersbach and Weckelsdorf rocks may be combined with the above tours as follows: from Schmiedeberg by the old road, with a digression to the Friesensteine, to Landeshut, 372 hrs., and thence to Adersbach 5 hrs.; next day to Weckelsdorf 3 / 4 hr. (railway-station, see p. 253), visit to the Felsenstadt 272 hours. Inns generally good, except at the smaller villages. Those among the mountains, called ‘Bauden 1 , are constructed of wood. Charges at the best inns: R. 2-3 m. and more, B. 75 pf., A. 50 pf., D. 2-2 1 /a m. — At the in- ferior : R. l-R /2 m., A. 40-50 pf., B. 50-75 pf. ; in the height of summer, when crowded, charges are raised. Wine on the Austrian side generally good, on the Prussian inferior and dearer. The Giant Mountains form part of the great mountain chain called the Sudeten which extends from the sources of the Oder and the Car- pathians towards the N.W. for a distance of 140 M. The Riesenkamm , or Giant Range, strictly so called, which rises somewhat abruptly on the Silesian, and gradually on the Bohemian side, stretching from the sources of the Bober on the E. to those of the Queis and Zacken on the W., is 23 M. in length, and attains an average height of 4000 ft. The principal i if 1 1 11 II i 1 i 1 1 3 1 ; ; j ji 1 -iy il l i T / £ MKn jS^\ Sr v — -t 7 — Atf>fe~j, hieaanrhihtii f ft, m Qwdbaxh ifr ’yijf \ ** 1 vr'fu \ ^grry r X’, If'Ms^Fovstti Vi it:/ ‘pi' T\ > J2 L^r "" 7^/7 / M^ld \ f " •'• ^* vtz * JI T k„. *“ v. - - ■- - v ^ J§3 \^ <* ynjrr *'' '77'f J ' fcuage \ > KeA Ast,,,, - ^JSK B \ v'k, 8 ju m FUns / fev ’%>**" 7- \ M t u seit K „„ e, i-":^^K *“**. "““A // i-w“ 1 ;l it, 1 . ’"V" tL:#" f A-^4-. *««*^ W i I | / / t *3* ^y < ^^ S £A fe ' i ; 1^4® JU L— , , < *s^it~'4. v [(fnr'wS'T^A*^^ x X\' \ 1 -,--' >*\ .'■*» ' B J ’ Hwlie Ori^do^b ^frw/^ ■ /XT' / Oats' , ^ " <■ , A '* ' JaaJn fcfef7'>X^' S V* T A ey^Pfe 7 X IS, fey ^‘* us Wr ’fvNL ' ^ cv'^ KoKeEalaix^ ' v ~'^Tm>f«irt \ T'/j/p Th..TKifnostein gRp% 7*- SmrfiD/w \ f| SS & i "‘ Sch ”"‘ » -s y(, Md?lBui^LstPm ^-^JmUmAaA. ikumauS^e^JUJm . j ''. il H;is<-iVl>.tinl*- ^ ‘" " S t ' t 'i >t '• SI Sr , l' ::l('hlH' ^RAichenberg ObJ^ohm/i^ RIESENGEBIRGE ^rmcryaff 'crtclsSf fyh’&Bziu'&fff. Muuvahhai fiofaut: IIKSCHBI JJ/ai,. v*ej£3f* Falfasn*!, £ ~TY i intern 5 %' //SfiSaraP Tlioino.n7fA 1 Vr^Ll ineriuatsjf. '’onlxtch Suju/ijili ", ,, . :: Landslu SattclB. fi«eil s y/,auv»w/: Bh&xiP >xtrr (Iru.f S ri;i uui^^y /^/ ■ /./iw uiodljindi jl&sterstei Abreviations. •pdbmd Word) Sate. 0 Bovrc G^mttujr ♦ ChrrpeU, £ fhntrmi »” Jiumes KKbraflpuxte hie Th Thunasteiu SS Schwarre Srhnee- ^Id’MadfLstrai Sm.SenW'ljunfJc Mi.'fittao.slfin II . Hasehbainle SLSeifenlflm** KP. Kappenplaar ttiihmische (SudjSt’ilr Wbtrl£ iberu.JP. YfPirs.rbach. JfrMartimTl. Hr R cuivtB . KS. BiditerlSinndlfliB SrluSrliirrfPnB RiRipseaB. Giant Mts. HIRSCHBERG. 39. Route. 237 heights are the Schneekoppe (5266 ft.) , the Brunnberg (5072 ft.) , the Hohe Rad (4967 ft.), the Lahnberg (4898 ft.), the Grosse and Kleine Sturmhaube (4862 and 4646 ft.), the Krkonosch (4750 ft..), the Kesselkoppe (4708 ft.), and the Reiftrager (4430 ft.). At a height of about 3500 ft. the forest zone of the Giant Mts. terminates, and the region of the dwarf pine (pinus pumilio) begins, and this in its turn soon disappears, particularly on the Schnee- koppe, where the ‘devil's beard 1 (anemone alpina) and violet-moss (byssus jolithus) alone thrive. Alpine violets and Edelweiss have been planted on the Schneekoppe, and promise to flourish in their new habitat. None of the other mountainous regions in Germany are so Alpine in character as the Riesengebirge. — Several places in the Riesengebirge are much fre- quented as summer-resorts, such as Fischbach , Hermsdorf , St. Peter , Salz- brunn , Warmbrunn , Schmiedeberg , etc. a. Hirschberg , Warmbrunn , and Schmiedeberg . Distances. From Hirschberg to Warmbrunn 4 M. , Warmbrunn to Hermsdorf 2 J /4 M., ascent of the Kynast 1 hr., Hermsdorf to the Josephinen- hiitte 12 M., Hermsdorf to Schmiedeberg 9 M., Warmbrunn to Schmiede- berg 9 M., Hirschberg to Schmiedeberg 9 M. Carriage with one horse per half-day 6-8 m., whole day 10-12 m. \ with two horses per half-day 8-10, whole day 15-18 m. Hirschberg (1122 ft. ; *Preussischer Hof , Thamrns Hotel , both in the Anlagen ; *Drei Berge , in the Haupt-Str. ; Weisses Ross and Deutsches Haus , in the market-place ; Ungebauers , in the Anlagen ; Deutscher Hof , at the station ; Bellevue , between the station and town), a station on the ‘Schlesische Gebirgs-Bahn’ (p. 234), pictur- esquely situated at the confluence of the Bober and Zacken , is an old town with 14,000 inhab., still partly surrounded by walls, and the principal commercial place in the Silesian Mts. Near the sta- tion is the Prot. Church , covered with a large dome, one of the six churches for which Charles XII. of Sweden stipulated from Emp. Joseph I. at the Altranstadt Convention in 1707. The Rom. Cath. Church dates from the 14th century. The Ring , or market, is en- closed by arcades. To the S. of the town are pretty Anlagen , or promenades, extending to the *Cavalierberg (Restaurant). To the N.W. of the town, on the left bank of the Zacken, rises the *Hausberg (Restaurant), a fine point of view. At the foot of it is the Railway Viaduct over the Bober (p. 235). To the N. of the Hausberg rises the Helikon , crowned with a small Doric temple. — The Kreuzberg , li/ 2 M. to the S.E., with the country-seat and "Park of Hr. R. Kramsta of Frei- burg, affords an extensive view. A walk up the wild Boberthal, or Sattler Ravine , on the left bank, will repay the traveller. In the first part of the valley are a number of new factories. After B/2 M. a path ascends to the left to the Helikon. The ‘Mirakelbrunnen 1 is next passed. The finest point, about 3 M. from Hirschberg, is styled Der Welt Ende , where the path is compelled to quit the stream and ascend to the left. On the opposite bank are the Raub- schloss and the Thurmstein , a huge mass of rock. We may now return by the Mirakelbrunnen and the Helikon (see above). To Schmiedeberg , 9 M. , diligence and omnibus several times a day, see p. 241. Railway in progress. From Hirschberg to Warmbrunn, 4 M. ; omnibus 6-8 times a day. The road on the right bank of the Zacken ascends the in- dustrious Hirschberg Valley , inhabited chiefly by weavers, and passes through Kunersdorf and Herischdorf. 238 Route 39. HERMSDORF. Giant Mts. Warmbrunn. — Hotels. "Hotel de Prusse; Schwarzer Adler; Schneekoppe; Breslauer Hof ; Schwarzes Ross; Victoria; Stadt Lon- don: *Preussische Krone, moderate. Also numerous Hdtels Gctrnis P'Lanees Haus ; R. 9-24 m. per week). — Private Lodgings b-30 m per week and upwards. — Table d’hote at the two first-named hotels, also at the Gallerie , 2-2V4 m. ; at the Gursaal and Rosengarten l 3 /4 m. Restaurants (beer) at the Rosengarten and at the Warmbrunner Brauerei, on the road to Hermsdorf. — Cafe at the confectioner’s in the Cursaal, with reading-room. , _ , Carriages: To Agnetendorf, with one horse 5, with two bm. ; to Buch- wald 6 or 9 m. ; Erdmannsdorf, 4 or 6m. ; Fischbach, 6 or 9 m. ; Hermsdorf 2V2-3V2 m.; Hirschberg Rail. Stat., 3 or 5 m. ; Josephinen-Hutte, b or 9 m Krumhubel 6 or 9, Stonsdorf 6 or 9, Seydorf 4 or b, Schreiberhau 41/2 or 6, Schmiedeberg 6 or 9 m. ; somewhat more if any stay is made. Warmbrunn (1128 ft.), a pleasant watering-place, visited byiUUU patients annually, lies in a fertile district on both banks of the Zaeken, near the N. slopes of the Giant Mts. The thermal springs (95-103° Fahr.) , used both for drinking and bathing , and bene- ficial in cases of gout and skin disease, have been known since the end of the 12th century. Since 1401 the place has been the pro- perty of the Counts Schaffgotsch , whose handsome Schloss was er- ected in 1784-89. The Probstei contains their library of 60,000 vols. and a fine collection of coins, weapons, and minerals (open daily, ex- cept Sun., 9-11 and 3-5). The Schloss-Park is open on Tues. and Frid. , 2-7 o’clock. The beautiful Promenades extend as far as Herischdorf, 1/3 M - distant, and are flanked with the Theatre , the Cursaal , the ‘Gallerie\ and numerous shops, in which cut glass and polished stones are the most attractive wares. The Wdhrichs- berg (1161 ft.), 1 / 4 hr. to the S.W., and the *Scholzenberg (1356 ft.), 1/4 hr. to the E., are two of the finest points of view (Restaurants and summer-quarters). To Reibnitz (p. 236) post-omnibus three times daily in 3 / 4 hr. Hermsdorf. — Hotels. *Tietze’s Hotel, R. 2 m.; *Verein, whence the omnibuses start, R. H /2 m. ; Deutscher Kaiser; Weisser Lowe ; Zum Kynast ; *Goldener Stern, unpretending; Sommer s; all generally crowded in the height of summer. Private apartments also to be had. Guide to the Kynast R/a m. , to the Bismarckshohe 2 V 2 m. ; tor a chair, each porter 2 m. and 3 m. . Hermsdorf (1312 ft.), 2 M. to the S.W. ofWarmbrunn, a beauti- fully situated village with a chateau of Count Schaffgotsch, is an admirable starting-point for excursions. On a wooded height above it rises the well-preserved ruin of *Kynast (1932 ft.), founded in 1292, and destroyed by lightning in 1675. A legend attaching to the castle forms the subject of a ballad of Korner. The beautiful but heartless Kunigunde vowed to marry none but the knight who should first ride round the parapet of the castle. Many made the attempt, but were precipitated into the abyss below. At lengt 1 one in whom she felt a real interest succeeded, but instead ot claiming his prize, he administered a stern reproof and departed. Beautiful view of the Hirschberg valley from the tower. The ascent to the castle is best made by the carriage-road (1 hr. ; no shade), and the descent by the Hollengrund , which separates the Kynast from Giant Mts. HOCHSTEIN. 39. Route. 239 the Heerdberg (2126 ft.) towards the S. The latter is ascended from J£ynast in 3 / 4 , from Hermsdorf in l 1 ^ ^ r - A. pleasant path leads through the woods from the Heerdherg to Agnetendorf (see below) in 3 / 4 hr. Near Wernersdorf (Zum freundlichen Hain), 3 3 / 4 M. to the W. of Warm* brunn, and 3 M. from Hermsdorf, are the Bibersteine, an imposing group of rocks. Fine view from the Grosse Biberstein (125 ft. ; evening light best). Guide from Petersdorf (see below) to the Bibersteine IV 2 m. From Agnetendorf (*Deutscher Kaiser; Beyer), situated in a pleasant valley, 2 1 /* M. to the S. of Hermsdorf, the "Bismarckshohe (2176 ft. •, Inn), an excellent point of view, may be reached in 3/4 hr., or from Hermsdorf direct in H /4 hr. — Near it is the Sdbrich , another fine point. — The Schneegruben , Thurmstein , Petersbaude , etc., see p. 242. — From the Bis- marckshohe a picturesque forest-path leads in 2 hrs. to Schreiberhau (see below), the last bit of it affording a charming view of the village. A path leaving Petersdorf (see below) at the Kochelfall Inn leads N.W. to the ( 3 /4 hr.) Moltkefelsen (restaurant), which command a beautiful view in the direction of Hermsdorf. From Hermsdorf the post-road ascends the picturesque valley of the Zacken to (2 M.) Petersdorf (Ahr’s Gasthaus ; Friedrich’s Hotel ; Deutscher Kaiser, with the post-office 5 *Zum Kochelfall, at the end of the village). At the ‘Trinkhalle’, above the Kochelfall Inn, a path to the left leads through a pretty, wooded valley to the (10 min.) Kochelfall , a cascade 39 ft. in height (a walk of 2*^ hrs. from Hermsdorf). The road then leads through the straggling village of Schreiberhau , the 3600 inhab. of which maintain themselves by linen-weaving and glass-polishing. Numerous inns and lodging- houses on the road-side : among them the Gasthof Zum Zackenfall (2050 ft.), with post-office ; beyond it, *Kdnig's Gasthof and Hein- rich's Hotel. In the wood above Konig’s Gasthof is the Gasthof zum Waldschlosschen , with a pretty view, on the way to (1 hr.) the Hochstein (see below). The Gasthaus zur Josephinenhutte (2247 ft.), on the road, */ 2 M. beyond Konig’s Gasthof and about 12 M. from Hermsdorf, is the headquarters of guides and porters for theKoppe. The Josephinenhutte, the largest of the glass-houses of Schreiber- hau, belongs to Count Schaffgotsch (products for sale, but works not shown). Near it rises the Rabenstein , a lofty rock. The * Zackenfall , a fall of the Zackerle , 80 ft. in height, framed in beautiful forest scenery, 3 / 4 M. to the S. of the Josephinenhutte, is reached by a good road. It is apt to disappoint in dry seasons, but may be artificially improved by the opening of a sluice (Restau- rant). Route to the Neue Schlesische Baude, see p. 241. To the N.W. of the Josephinenhutte rises the Hochstein (3740 ft.), ascended in 1 hr., an excellent point of view (rustic inn). Guide 2 m., chair, for each porter 3 T /2 m. — Ascent from Hermsdorf direct, 4 hrs. The high-road beyond the Josephinenhutte ascends to a height of 2460 ft., crosses the Austrian frontier, and leads by Neuwelt , or Neuwald (I 6 V 2 M. from Warmbrunn), and (IOV 2 M.) Tannwald to (13 M.) Reicheiiberg (p. 247). Stonsdorf (1227 ft.), 2*/ 4 M. to the S.E. of Warmbrunn, a village with a chateau and brewery of Prince Reuss, lies at the base of the 240 Route 39. SCHMIEDEBERG. Giant Mts. granite Prudelberg (1535 ft.), which may he ascended in 20 minutes. On the Stangenberg (1590 ft.), a pine-clad hill, 3 / 4 hr. to the S.W. of Stonsdorf , rises the *Heinrichsburg , a tower commanding an admirable view: to the N. Hirschberg and its environs; N.W. Warmbrunn; W. the Hochstein; S.W. the Kynast, Reiftrager, Hohe Rad, Grosse and Kleine Sturmhaube; S. the Silberkamm, Schneekoppe ; S.E. Schmiedeberg, the Schmiedeberger Kamm, and Friesensteine ; E. Fischbach and the Falkenberge. At the foot of the Stangenberg on the W. lies the hamlet of Merzdorf , 3 M. from Warmbrunn. Near Merzdorf, to the S.W., lies Giersdorf (Zum hohlen Stein, in the upper part of the village; *Ruffler’s Gasthaus, Gerichts- kretscham, and Brewery, in the lower), 2 M. from Warmbrunn ; and almost adjoining it is the straggling village of Rain. The pictur- esque *Hainfall in the valley of the Mittelwasser is 1^2 M. above Hain. Near it a fine point of view and a restaurant. Higher up are some remarkable rock-formations, called the Semmeljunge (view), the Thump sahiitte, etc. Seydorf (1197 ft.; *Zur Schneekoppe; Brewery), where the roads from Warmbrunn and Hermsdorf unite, 3 3 / 4 M. from each of these places, and 5^4 M. from Schmiedeberg, lies to the S. of Merz- dorf, and is one of the starting-points for the Koppe (p. 244 ; guide to the Anna-Capelle l 4 / 2 m., to the church Wang 3 m.). From Seydorf we reach the Anna-Capelle (2083 ft.), built in 1486, in i/ 2 hr. ; near it is a forester’s house affording refreshments. Just beyond is a narrow forest-path, leading to the hr.) *Graber - steine , on the N.W. slope of the Grabersberg ; the last stone, the top of which is made accessible by steps, commands a picturesque view. From Seydorf the road leads to the E. to Arnsdorf (Dittrich’s Restaurant), with a ruined castle and a chateau of the 17th cent., prettily situated at the entrance to the Lomnitzthal ; then to Stein - seiffen and to — Schmiedeberg (1470 ft.; Preussischer Hof ; *Goldner Stern; Schwarzes Ross ; Kuring , well spoken of), an old town with 4000 inhab., stretching for a considerable distance up the steep valley of the Eglitz. Down to the 16th cent, it was an important mining place, and was afterwards the centre of the Silesian linen manu- facture. Picturesque environs, with a number of villas and chateaux. At Buchwald (Brewery), 2 M. to the N., on the road from Schmiede- herg , or from Erdmannsdorf, to Fischbach, there is a chateau with a beautiful park; the ‘Warte 1 commands a fine view of the Kesselburg. Another admirable prospect is afforded by the ’"Friesensteine (2920 ft.), 41/2 M. to the N.E. of Schmiedeberg, and P/2 M. from the highest point of the old road to Landeshut. At the top of the highest accessible rock is a circular hollow, once perhaps used for pagan sacrificial rites. The new road skirts the base of the mountains. Erdmannsdorf (1263 ft. ; *Zum Schweiz erhaus), a village with a royal chateau and park , lies halfway from Schmiedeberg to Hirsch- berg, between which places (9 M.) diligences and omnibuses run Giant Mts. MARIANNENFELS. 39. Route. 241 several times a day (p. 237). In the park is the Russian Pavilion from the Vienna Exhibition, brought hither in 1875. Church de- signed by Schinkel. In the vicinity is Zillerthal , a colony founded by Tyrolese Protestant emigrants in 1838, with a spinning-mill and lace-factory belonging to the Prussian ‘Seehandlung’. Immediately to the N. of Erdmannsdorf lies Lomnitz , through which the road to Schildau (p. 236) leads. To the E. of Erdmannsdorf lies the long village of (3 M.) Fisch- bach (*Zur Forelle, R. 1 m ., with the post-office; Hubner), with a fine old chateau, founded in the 14th cent., completed in the 16th, and subsequently restored and embellished by Prince William of Prussia. The interior contains some objects of art, and several fa- mily pictures (fee 1 m.). Extensive park. Hence to Schmiedeberg IV 2 hr. p°7 { he °LY^ c £ bacl1 rise the Falkenberge , the highest of which is the Fadkenstem (2165 ft.), an excellent point of view, reached in 3 / 4 hr. from Fischbach. To the S.E. of Fischbach rises the (IV2 hr.) Mariannen- iels, a huge group of rocks on the summit of the Fischbacher Gebirge commanding a fine panorama. On the S. side of the rocks is a gigantic lion m iron, after Rauch. From Fischbach a road leads via Niederrohrbach and Neu-Jannowitz (or direct from the Mariannenfels) to the * Bolzenschloss (Inn at the for- • Y< 5 q 5 the im P°f mg ruins of tbe old castle > destroyed by the Swedes J* 9 C TJ? an ,*Ji n admirable view of the Katzbach Mts., Jannowitz (p. <&Jb), and the little town of Kupferberg, picturesquely perched on the top 01 a hill. b. The Hochgebirge. Distances. From the Josephinenhiitte to the Schneegrubenbaude 3 hrs., Riesenbaude 4 i/ 2 , Koppe 3 / 4 hr. ; from Agnetendorf to the Schneegruben- hP^ l S ^ d ? rf t0 the Riesenb aude 6 hrs. ; from Schmiede- K Rrumb ybel P/2 hr., thence to the Riesenbaude 2 1/2 hrs. ; from Schmiedeberg direct to the Koppe 4 hrs.; from Johannesbad to the Koppe to^Holie^el^e^^-T lirs 6 ^ K ° PPe ?1/2 ' 8 hrS * 5 fr0m the Josephinenhiitte j Guides (to be found at all the principal starting-places, 5 m. per day, and 41/2 m. per half day, not exceeding six hours, for which fees they are bound to provide their own food) , although seldom absolutely necessary, PnL° ft t en , useful ln tbe stormy or foggy wea ther which is frequently encountered among the Giant Mts. 1 * Chair Porters 572 m. each per day. From the Josephinenhutte to the Koppe 9-10 hours. The path ascends by the (3 / 4 hr.) Zackenfall (p. 239), crosses a bridge (2336 ft.), and ascends the new and excellent path to the (1 hr.) Neue Schlesische Baude (3904 ft. ; a small inn), whence a view is ob- tained. Leaving the Reiftrdger (4430 ft.) to the left , the path then ascends past some curious groups of rock, the (f / 2 hr.) Sau - steine, and ( J / 4 hr.) Kassteine , or Quarksteine , crosses (f / 4 hr.) the path from the Alte Schlesische Baude to Ober-Rochlitz (at the kilo- metre-stone 112), and then skirts the S. side of the Spitzberg. Af- t/vi F ’ m ° re We may qilit the strai g bt Path leading direct via the Veilchensteine to the (f / 2 hr.) Schneegrubenbaude (see below) and diverge by the second path to the right (stone 113) to the ( 1/4 hr.) Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7 th Edit. Ji0 242 Route 39. ELBFALL. Qiant MU. Elbbrunnen, one of the sources of the Elbe, and thence towards the S. to the 0/ 4 hr.) *Elbfall , 145 ft. in height, one of the finest wa- terfalls among the Giant Mts. (rustic inn). About 10 min. farther is the Pantschfall , which descends in several leaps from a height of 800 ft., and 2 hrs. beyond it Spindelmuhl, see p. 244. From the Elbbrunnen we may proceed direct, with a guide, to the Pantschfall , and thence to the Elbfall. By this route we come suddenly upon a striking view of the ‘Sieben Grande’ (p. 244), which by the other route are disclosed gradually. From the Elbfall we ascend the left bank of the brook to the p/4 hr.) *Schneegrubenbaude (4773 ft. ; table d’hote), lying on the brink of the Grosse and Kleine Schneegrube , two rocky gullies up- wards of 1000 ft. in depth. View of the Hirschberg Valley, beyond the abyss, from Rubezahl's Kanzel (‘Number Nip’s Pulpit’), a lofty rock sheltering the Baude from the W. wind. From the Schneegrubenbaude we proceed to the left, passing the Grosse Schneegrube, to the (20 min.) Hohe Rad (4967 ft.), the *View from which is often preferred to that from the Koppe. Steep descent on the E. side, over blocks of granite and by steps, 20 min. (ascent t/ 2 hr - ; wa Y easily lost in bad weather). The path then follows the crest of the mountains, leaving the Grosse Sturmhaube (4862 ft.) on the left, and passing the Mannstein , the Mddelsteine , and the Vogelsteine , and in l 3 / 4 hr. reaches th e*Peters- baude (4100 ft. 5 telegraph-office), a mountain inn, commanding an extensive view towards Bohemia. (Descent from the Petersbaude to the left to Agnetendorf, or to the right to Spindelmuhl, 1 1/ 2 hr 0 then descends to the left into the Madelwiese , a marshy hollow, and reaches the (40 min.) *Spindlerbaude (3937 ft.), an inn on the W. slope of the Kleine Sturmhaube (4646 ft.). The path on the N. side of the latter leads to the (1 hr.) Mittagstein , a granite rock about 40 ft. in height, on the N. slope of the Lahnberg , or Silberkamm (4898 ft.), commanding a fine view towards Silesia. We next pass the deeply imbedded Grosse Teich , destitute of fish, and the Kleine Teich , in which trout abound (leaving the Wiesenbaude to the right) , and traverse the Koppenplan , clothed with the dwarf pine, to the (li/ 4 hr.) Riesenbaude (4510 ft.), a small inn at the foot of the barren summit of the Koppe. A new path, protected by walls, at the beginning of which a magnificent view is obtained of the Rie- sengrund (p.244), ascends hence in numerous windings to the sum- mit ( 3 / 4 hr., descent 20 min.). From Agnetendorf (p.239) to the Koppe 8-9 hours. The path ascends the Tiefe Graben. the wooded valley of a brook rising in the Agnetendorfer Schneegrube, passes the Thurmstein (2165 ft.), and then the (2 hrs.) Korallen - steine (2756 ft.), a wild group of rocks on the N. slope of the Kleine Sturm- haube. The Agnetendorfer , or Schwarze Schneegrube is next passed, and in B /2 hr. the above described path to the Riesenkamm is reached. Thence to the Koppe, see above. From Seydorf (p. 240) to the Koppe, 6 hours. To the Anna- Capelle and the Grabersteine (p. 240), »/ 4 hr. From the latter we return to the finger-post, and then skirt the hill-side till we reach Giant Mts . KRUMHUBEL. 39. Route. 243 the main path, which ascends direct from the chapel. In 3 / 4 hr. more we reach the Brotbaude (refreshments), at the junction of the paths from Arnsdorf and from Schmiedeberg by Krumhiibel. The path then leads to the right to the (10 min.) *Church of Wang (2493 ft.), the parish-church of the straggling village of Briicken- berg (*Zum Deutschen Kaiser, near the parsonage), a good example of the curious Norwegian ‘Stavekirken’, or timber- churches, pur- chased by Frederick William IY. in 1844, and transferred hither from its original site in Thelemarken in Norway (sacristan 50 pf.). Tower, school, and parsonage new. The churchyard affords a fine view. By the entrance to the parsonage the path ascends in 40 min., past RubezahVs Kegelbahn (‘Number Nip’s Skittle Alley’), where it joins the direct path from Seydorf, to the Schlingelbaude [ 3478 ft.), another small inn. A little to the right are the Drei Steine , rocky pinnacles on the top of the mountain. Then (10 min.) two bridges over the outlets of the Grosse and Kleine Teich, whence the (V‘2 llr 0 Hempelsbaude (4110 ft.) is visible on its green plateau. From the Hempelsbaude we ascend for 25 min. on the Stirndl to the Koppenplan , on which, 25 min. farther, is the Riesenbaude , at the base of the Koppe (see p. 242). From Schmiedeberg (p. 240) to the Koppe by Krumhubel and Bruckenberg , 5 hours. Abroad road leads from Schmiedeberg to the S.W. by Steinseiffen in iy 2 hr - to Krumhubel (*Zur Schneekoppe, opposite the post-office), a favourite summer-resort, formerly the principal seat of the ‘Laboranten’, or herb and medicine vendors of the Giant Mts., who trace their descent from two fugitive medical students from Prague. (‘Pudel’ is an aromatic liqueur manufactured here.) A pleasant excursion may be made to the romantic Melzer- grund , occupying 4hrs. there and back. The Koppe may be ascended from Krumhubel in 3^2 hrs., by the Gehdnge (somewhat steep) and the Hempelsbaude (see above); or we may drive to the *Waldhaus Inn at Bruckenberg and ascend thence by Wang and the Schlingel- baude (see above), also in 3y 2 hrs. (guide not absolutely necessary). From Schmiedeberg direct to the Koppe by the Schmiedeberger Kamm, with guide, 4 hours. The path ascends to Ober-Schmiedeberg and Arnsberg , passes the Anna-Capelle (p. 240) on a hill to the right, then turns to the right, and descends the Mordhohe and the slopes of the Forstkamm , chiefly through wood, to (2 hrs.) the Grenz - bauden (*Hubner; *Goder), 2 hrs. below the summit (good Hun- garian wine). The vegetation becomes scantier as the summit is approached. The steep part of the ascent begins on the Schwarze Koppe (4495 ft.), 3 / 4 hr. from the summit. From Johannesbad (p. 248) to the summit 5 hrs. •, a carriage-road as far as Petzer (see below). We ascend the N. slope of the valley, past the finger-post, to the Waldhaus (p. 248), and then follow the valley of the Aupa to (4 M.) Marschendorf (Zum Platzkretscham ; Schreminer’s Restaurant), the first houses of which almost adjoin Freiheit (p. 248). Count Aichelhurg possesses a chateau here*, fine view from the Rehhornberg. Post-con- veyance from Freiheit to Marschendorf daily. 16 * 244 Route 39. SCHNEEKOPPE. Giant Mis. The valley contracts, and at the entrance to the village of (IV 2 M.) Dunkelthal (Brauhof) forks, the right branch leading to Albendorf and the Grenzbauden. Our road leads to the left, passing a large glass-house, and enters a more sombre part of the valley (to the S. a small tower, built m 1861). At (IV 2 M.) Kreuzschenke the valley of the Kleine Aupa diverges to the right, leading to Klein- Aupa and the Grenzbauden. The road to the left is continued to Gross- Aupa (-Post) , a village consisting of huts scat- tered over the hill-side. In 1/2 hr. more we reach Petzer , the highest part of Gross-Aupa, where the road terminates. Refreshments and chair-por- ters at the Petzerkretscham. (A little above diverges the road leading acro*ss the Geiergucke to Spindelmuhl; see below.) Then a steep ascent to the right through the grand * Riesengrund , or Aupagrund (Zum ^oldnen Riesen), which descends abruptly from the Schneekoppe to a depth of 2000 ft. , to the (2 hrs.) Riesenbaude (4390 ft.) ; thence to the Koppe , see ^ The ^Schneekoppe , or Riesenkoppe (5266 ft.} , the highest mountain in N. or Central Germany, is a blunted cone of granite, covered with fragments of gneiss and mica-slate. The chapel on the summit, erected at the end of the 17th cent., stands on the frontier of Bohemia and Silesia. Divine service performed here once a year (10th Aug.). Close to the chapel is the *Koppen Inn, with post and telegraph office • a second Inn, built on the Bohemian side of the Koppe, belongs to the same landlord. Yiew extensive and picturesque : to the N. the entire Hirsch- berg Yalley; E. Schweidnitz, Zobten , Breslau, Eule , Silberberg, Schneeberg, Heuscheuer; S.W. the Weisse Berg near Prague; W. the Milleschauer near Teplitz ; N.W. the Landskrone near Gorlitz. An unclouded horizon is, however, rare. To the S.W. we obtain a most imposing view of the Aupagrund or Riesengrund , descend- ing 2000 ft. almost perpendicularly; to the N. the Melzergrund. Fields of snow are often seen on the mountain in spring, whence the name. From the Josephinenhutte by Spindelmuhl to the Wiesenbaude 6 hrs., and to Hohenelbe 7 hrs. (from Spindelmuhl to Hohenelbe route practicable for carriages). — To the Elbfall 3 hrs., PP* ^1, 2 • 8 new path leads to the right from the Baude along the slope of the Krko- nosch (4750 ft.) into the -Elbgrund ; on the right rises the Kesselkoppe (4708 ft.). It then turns to the left, skirting the Riesenkamm, which is rent and fissured by the Sieben Grunde , and fo.Hows the course of the Lib- seiffen. Near the confluence of this stream with the Weisswassvr, a brook descending from the Sieben Grunde, the path unites with that coming from the Petersbaude (p. 242) and turns towards the b.W. Spindelmuhl (2446 ft.; * Richter" s Inn , near the church; F*7;a^«rtc»- warte, with garden, below; * EllerbacK s Inn , above the Elbe; Hairach- scher’Gasthof* on the right bank of the Elbe) a favourite ^mmer-resort lies I 1/2 M. farther to the S. At the S. end of the village the Elbe is joined by the St. Peterseiffen , on which, 3 / 4 M. farther up, lies St. Peter. The route now ascends the S. slope of the Ziegenrucken, to the right of the Heuschober , and affords a picturesque view of the W. valleys ot the Brunnberg (5072 ft.). After 21/2 hrs. we reach the Wiesenbaude (4510 ft. , Inn), whence we follow the stakes to the (V 4 hr.) path on the mountain crest leading in !/ 4 hr. more to the Riesenbaude (see p. 242). Those who wish to go direct from Spindelmuhl to the Aupa-Thal (O hrs.) follow the road that diverges above Richter’s Inn and ieadsTo^. Peter. Beyond this village the route gently ascends the wild and romantic Lange Giant Mis. ADERSBACH ROCKS. 39. Route. 245 Orund to the (2 hrs.) crest of the N. spur of the Brunnberg (see above) which forms the watershed between the Aupa and the tributaries of the Elbe. The Geiergucke , at the top, commands a charming view of the Aupa- Thai. The Zehgrund now remains on the while the path follows the slopes on the left to the Richterbauden, the (IV 2 hr.) Petzerkretscham, and (V‘2 hr.) the Post Inn at Gross- Aupa (p. 244). .... By following the course of the Elbe to the S. from Spindelmuhl we reach Hackelsdorf , Oberhohenelbe , and (8 hrs.) Hohenelbe (p. 24o). C. Rocks of Adersbach and W eckelsdorf . From Liebau to Schomberg 4VaM., diligence twice daily ^ from Schom- berg to Adersbach 6 M. — From Friedland to Adersbach or Weckelsdoif 61. , carriages at the station, to either of them and back, one_horse 9, two- horse 12 m. — From Adersbach to Weckelsdorf 2‘A M. — From Weckels- dorf to the station of that name (p. 253) 3 1. ... , From Liebau (p. 250) a road leads to (41/2 M.) Schomberg (Deutscher Kaiser; Brewery in the market-place), which is also reached by a road from Landeshut via Griissau (p. 250). The road, at first ascending as far as the Bohemian frontier, now leads by ( 2 V 4 M.) Liebenau and (2 M.) Merkelsdorf to (2 M.) Nieder-Aders- bach. Pedestrians save i/ 2 hr. by taking the path to the right by the tavern at the entrance to Liebenau. Friedland, see p. 252. A short way beyond the town the Bo- hemian frontier is crossed (wine-house next to the custom-house), where the traveller is assailed by swarms of beggars. The large vil- lage of Merkelsdorf ( see above) is next reached, from which a road in a straight direction and then to the right leads to (2 l /4 M.) Adersbach, and another to the left goes by Buchwaldsdorf to (2!/ 4 M.) Weckelsdorf. * Adersbach Rocks. — Neues Gasthaus, to tlie left of the custom- house: *Zur Felsenstadt, at the entrance to the rocks. — Guide, without whom no one is permitted to enter, 50 kr. for each person. Several small fees are expected at various points among the rocks, so that the travellei should be provided with 10 and 20 pf. pieces. - The temperature among the rocks is much lower than outside. , The Adersbach Rocks , resembling those in Saxon Switzerland, are very curious. They once formed a solid mountain of green sandstone, the softer parts and clefts of which have been worn away and widened by the action of water, leaving the more indestructible portions standing. These rocks, thousands in number, several of them 180 ft. high, often assume grotesque shapes, and many of them have been named in accordance with some fanciful resemblance (sugar- loaf, burgomaster, drummer, etc.). The path is often so narrow that visitors must walk in single file. A silvery brook traverses this la- byrinth, forming at one point a waterfall 40 ft. high. Part of the exploration is carried out by boat. The visit occupies 1-1 V 2 hour. At the egress an echo is awakened by the blasts of a horn and pistol- shots. . „ _ Near Radowenz , 7 M. to the S.W. of Adersbach, is a Fossil Forest , discovered by Prof. Goppert of Berlin. . . The ^Weckelsdorf Rocks (ZumEisenhammer), adjoining those ol Adersbach on the E. (2 1 / 4 M. from the Adersbach inn), are still more 246 Route 40. ZITTAU. From Zittau imposing. Fees for admission, etc., tlie same as at the Adersbach Rocks. Here, too, various parts of the chaotic scene have their spe- cific names (cathedral, burial-vault, etc.]. The finest point is the grand ‘Munster’, resembling a Gothic structure. Visitors generally return through the Neue Felsenstadt, where the ‘Amphitheatre’ and the ‘Valley of Jehoshaphat’ are picturesque points. A visit to these rocks occupies 2-2^2 ^ rs - — Weckelsdorf has a station (restaurant) on the Chotzen, Nachod, and Braunau railway (p. 253), 3 M. distant. The Heuscheuer , see p. 253; carriage from Weckelsdorf to the foot of the Maria Stern in 2-272 hrs., fare 8-10 m. 40. From Zittau to Trautenau by Reichenberg. 97 M. Railway. To Reichenberg in 55 min. (fares 2 m. 70, 2 m., 1 m. 30 pf.); from Reichenberg to Alt-Paka in 3 3 /4 hrs. (fares 3 fl. 61, 2 fl. 71, 1 fl. 80 kr.); thence to Trautenau- Pcirschnitz in 274 hrs. (fares 2 fl. 17, 1 fl. 82, 1 fl. 9 kr., Austrian currency). Zittau. — Hotels. *Sonne; *Engel, both in the market-place ; *Sach- sischerHof ; Hutter’s Hotel, near the station; Weintraube, Bahnhof-Str. Restaurants. Rathskeller , in the Rathhaus ; Brauhaus , Bahnhof-Str., with garden. , _ Cab from the station to the town (10 min.), for 1 pers. 50 pf., 2 pers. 75 pf., 3-4 pers. 1 m. ; box 20 pf. — One-horse carr. to the Oybin 5 m. for 7 2 day; 7 m. for a whole day; two-horse carr. 772 or 1072 m. ; to Oybin, Jonsdorf, and the Lausche 9 m. or 1372 m. Zittau (800 ft.), a manufacturing town with 20,400 inhab., one of the principal cotton-spinning places in Saxony, is situated in a fertile district on the bank of the Mandau , near its confluence with the Neisse. In 1757, after the battle of Kollin, the town was occu- pied by the Prussians, and was almost entirely reduced to ashes in consequence of the bombardment by the Austrians under Prince Charles of Lorraine. The large reservoir of the town water- works is conspicuous as we quit the station. Handsome Rathhaus , erected in 1844. Town Library. Historical Museum. The Church of St. John was re-erected in 1834-37 ; view from the tower. In the sub- urbs is the Stadtbad. The Cemetery , to the S.E. of the town, affords a good survey of the Neisse Viaduct (see below). About 6 M. to the S. of Zittau rises the Oybin (comp. Map, p. 290), the road to which traverses the long village of Olbersdorf. , passing the Wittichschenke , a clean inn at its upper end. Beyond this point we may quit the road and follow a footpath to the right, which leads through the wood, passing the Hungerbrunnen and crossing the Pferdeberg, to the Oy- bin. Fine view of the hill as we approach. The 'Oybin (lbSO ft.) is a wooded sandstone rock, in shape resembling a beehive, and crowned with t.hp hifrhlv nicturesnue ruins of a monastery and a castle, curiously preserved part. The tower affords a picturesque view. Ancient tomb- stones in the churchyard. *Inn adjacent. At the base of the hill is the scattered village of Oybin (Kretscham ; Durrling), with a number of villas destroyed by fire in 1577 and lbSl. The cnurcn or ioo* wim arches, some of which show remains of beautiful tracery, is the best of Zittau manufacturers. jlltfiiU lUainUIdivlUrvJI 8* _ i nwA pa. i Opposite the Oybin, to the E., rises the ( 3 /.j hr.) Topfer (1870 ft. ; Bar s to Trautenau. REICHENBERG. 40. Route. 247 Restaurant, rustic), another height with grotesque sandstone rocks. The direct route to it from Zittau diverges from the road to the left, 1/2 hr. be- fore the Oybin is reached. The : Lausche (2522 ft.), 2 hrs. to the W. of the Oybin, 3 hrs. from Zittau (guide advisable, I-I 1/2 m.), is the highest point of the range of hills which separates Upper Lusatia from Bohemia. It commands an extensive and magnificent prospect, embracing the whole of Lusatia and the Saxon Switzerland, the Teplitz and Bohemian Mts. (as far as Prague), the Iser- kamm, the Tafelfichte, and the Giant Mts. The -Inn at the top stands half in Saxony, half in Bohemia. The Hochwald (2467 ft.), 1 hr. S. of the Oybin, a height easily ascended, is another good point of view (-Inn at the top* guide I-IV 2 m.). A pictur- esque path leads from the Hochwald through the Nonnenlclunzen (refresh- ments), a labyrinth of rocks, to the Lausche. Bohmisch-Friedland , 14 M. to the E. of Zittau (diligence once daily), see p. 234. Passengers’ luggage is examined by Austrian custom -bouse officers at Zittau. Tbe train now crosses tbe great *Neisse Viaduct , 1/2 M. in length, supported by 34 arches, 72 ft. above the stream. The pleasant valley of the Neisse is then ascended. 4 M. Grottau; 10 M. Kratzau ; to the right a view of the Jeschken (3173 ft.). 17 M. Reichenberg (Frank's Hotel ; Union), the largest town in Bohemia after Prague, is a cloth-making place, with 25,000 in- habitants. The Kreuzkirche contains an old altar-piece, Mary and the Child (Durer?). Schloss and Rathhaus of the 16th century. New Prot. Church. ^Excursion to the Jeschken (see above) and back, half-a-day. — Railway to Gorlitz , see R. 37. The line ascends in windings, and at stat. Langenbruck reaches the watershed between the Neisse and Iser. It then turns to the W. and descends to (27 M.) Reichenau (comp. p. 248) and (31 M.) Lie - benau , two glass-making places. It next descends the Mohelka Thai and crosses it, affording picturesque glimpses of *Schloss Siclirow , the seat of Prince Rohan, built in the English Gothic style, and surrounded by extensive grounds. Beyond stat. Sichrow a tunnel 690 yds. long. 40 M. Turnau ( Goldne Krone ; Lowe), a town with 4600 inhab., lies on an eminence on the left bank of the Iser, V 2 M. from the railway. The modern Marienkirche is a fine Gothic edifice. The hydropathic establishment of Wartenherg lies O /2 M. to the S. ; about 3 M. to the S.E. of which are situated the ruin of Wald- stein , the ancestral seat of the celebrated Wallenstein, and the mediaeval chateau of Gross-Skal, with beautiful grounds (view from the tower). Farther distant is the ruin of Trosky , on two conspic- uous rocks. — From Turnau to Prague, 4 hrs., see Baedeker s S. Germany and Austria. The scenery between Turnau and Eisenbrod is the finest on the line. The train intersects beautiful rock and forest landscapes, at the foot of which flows the impetuous Iser. From stat. Klein - Skal , which is grandly situated, an interesting route leads past the castle of that name (among the ruins of which there is a ‘Rock 248 Route 40. TRAUTENAU. Pantheon’, with reminiscences of Austrian celebrities), by the ruin of Friedstein , and the Kopainberg (2161 ft.; *View), direct to (2hrs.) Reichenau (see p. 247). To the left is the chateau of Balimeric , with its double tower. The train continues to follow the picturesque valley of the Iser. 49 M. Eisenbrod , beyond which four tunnels are traversed ; 53 M. Semil , with an old chateau of Prince Rohan, now a government min- ing-office. — 64 M. Alt-Paka, a junction, where passengers for Trautenau change carriages. The line to the S.W. leads to Josef- stadt (p. 250). 76 M. Starkenbach , a small manufacturing town with an old Schloss. The church contains a font of 1545. 80!/ 2 M. Pelsdorf. Branch Railway from Pelsdorf in 14 min. to Hohenelbe (1477 ft. ; Hdtel Bosener; Schwan; Mohr), a small town pleasantly situated on both banks of the Elbe, on the spurs of the Giant Mts. The small houses with their lofty gables are flanked with arcades borne by wooden columns. The Schloss is surrounded by a fine park. Linen is the staple commodity here. The Heidelberg (3120 ft.), which rises above the town , commands a fine view. From Hohenelbe to the Schneekoppe, see pp. 244, 245. 87 M. Arnau ; 89 M. Kottwitz ; 92 M. Pilnikau. 97 M. Trautenau ( Union , at the station; Weisses Ross; Blauer Stern), a town with 9000 inhab., on the Aupa , almost entirely re- built after the great fire of 1861, is the centre of the Bohemian linen manufacture. In the Realschule is preserved an interesting collec- tion of the Flora of the Giant Mts. The handsome church, founded in 1283, was rebuilt in the middle of last century. The Prussians gained a victory over the Austrians in the vicinity in 1866. Several monuments to the slain have been erected on the Johannisberg , or Kapellenberg, to the S. of the town, where the battle raged most fiercely. The Oablenzhohe , */ 2 M. distant, is crowned with an iron obelisk; fine view towards the Giant Mts. From Trautenau to Johannesbad. Railway to Freiheit (10 M. ; fares 63, 53, 32 kr.), ascending the populous and industrious valley of the Aupa. Diligence thence to (P /2 M.) the pleasant little Johannesbad (2065 ft. ; ■Kurhaus; Deutsches Haus ; Breslau; Stern ; Kronprinz Rudolf ; Preussischer Hof ; Johannesbad , R., L., & A. 2 fl., with good restaurant; numerous lodg- ing-houses), which is visited by about 2000 guests annually. The alkaline chalybeate spring is beneficial in cases of rheumatism and nervous com- plaints. The Ladig , the Schubertsmiihle , the wild ravine of the Klause , the Waldhaus , and the Blaustein are the prettiest points in the pleasant environs, all within an hour’s walk. From Trautenau to Parschnitz (p. 250), 3 M., railway in 10 min. 41. From Breslau to Liebau and Koniggratz. The most convenient route is via Altwasser (122 M.). Railway to Alt - wasser in 2-274 hrs. (fares 5 m. 60, 4 m. 20, 2 m. 80) ; from Altwasser to Liebau in l 3 / 4 hrs. (fares 3 m. 70, 2 m. 80, 1 m. 80 pf.); from Liebau to Kbniggratz in 372-4 hrs. (fares 4 fl. 9, 3 fl. 6, 2 fl. 4 kr.). — Route via Salz- brunn , 121 M., see R. 42. From Breslau to (30 M.) Konigszelt and (41 M.) Sorau , see R. 42. 43(/ 2 M. Altwasser (1190 ft.; Villa Nova; Seifert's ), with 8000 WALDENBURG. dl. Route . 249 inhab., possesses extensive brown -coal mines, porcelain manu- factories, and engine-works. Tbe chalybeate springs, wbicb once made it a popular resort, have been almost entirely exhausted by tbe mining operations. — Route by Wilhelmshohe to Salzbrunn, 1 i/ 2 -2 hrs., see p. 252. — The train now passes above tbe scattered village of Hermsdorf by means of a viaduct, and reaches — 46i/ 2 M. Waldenburg (1385 ft.; *SchwarzesRoss ; Gelber Lowe), a busy manufacturing town with 11,300 inhab., situated on tbe Polsnitz , tbe centre of a coal-mining district in tbe principality of Scbweidnitz . Near tbe station is a large porcelain-manufactory; there are also considerable flax -mills and linen - factories in tbe vicinity. Excursion to Salzbrunn (p. 252) via tbe Wetterthurm , 1 hr. — Tbe line now ascends in a wide curve. 49 M. Dittersbach (Burg). Fine view from tbe station. To Gorbersdorf ( p. 252), via Langw alter sdorf, a drive of iy 2 ^ ir - From Dittersbach to Glatz, 32 M., railway in P/2-2V2 lirs. (fares 3 16. 60, 2 m. 70, 1 m. 80 pf.). The train passes the (R/2 M.) ruin of Neu- haus, penetrates the Ochsenkopf by a tunnel 1 M. long, and traverses the N. slope of the Schwarze Berg. 4 M Charlottenbrunn (Curhaus ; Deutsches Haus ; Friedenshoffnung , visitors 1 tax 20 m., each additional pers. 5 m.), a watering-place situated in a depression of the Weistritzthal , with two weak alkaline springs. The Karlshain is a well-kept promenade. Excursion to Kynau and the Schle- sierthal, see p. 256. , , , The train now passes through the Reimsbacher Tunnel , and reaches (5V*>M.) Wiiste-Gier sdorf (Sonne), along village in the valley of the Weistntz, the inhabitants of which are occupied in finishing undressed linen brought from Austria. — A pleasant walk may be taken from Nieder-Wuste-Giers- dorf to Ober-Tannliausen and Donnerau , and through the depression be- tween the Langenberg and the Hornberg to the (1 V2 hr.) * Hornschloss, a robbers 1 keep, destroyed in 1497, whence an extensive view is enjoyed. 91/2 M. Konigswalde. The train passes through a tunnel, skirts the E. slope of the Spitzberg , and crosses the Hciusdorfer and the Galgengrund Viaduct. ,,, nn/vA 18 M. Neurode ( Deutsches Haus; Wildenhof), a small town with bbUU inhab., in the valley of the Walditz. Coal-mines in the vicinity. The St. Anna Capelle (2000 ft.; Restaurant), on a hill to the S. of the town, commands a beautiful view. At Scharfeneck , 4 M. farther on, the Walditz falls into the Steine. . The train follows the valley of the Walditz. 227*2 M. Mittelsteme, on the bank of the Steine. The train now traverses the Steinethal, crosses the Glatzer Neisse, and reaches (32 M.) Glatz, see p. 254. 511/2 M. Fellhammer ; passengers for Salzbrunn or Schlesisch- Friedland (p. 252) change carriages here. 53!/ 2 M. Gottesberg (2130 ft.), tbe culminating point of tbe line, wbicb now enters tbe valley of tbe Lassig. 62 M. Ruhbank, see p. 236 ; passengers for Liebau change car- riages. Our line now ascends tbe valley of tbe Bober , which it re- peatedly crosses. — 68 M. Landeshut (*Rabe; Drei Berge), with 5800 inhab., who are occupied in flax-spinning and weaving, lies on tbe Bober. Tbe Protestant church is one of tbe six ‘Gnaden- kircben’ (p. 237). In tbe Ring rises a statue of Count Stolberg (d. 1872), once Governor of Silesia, by Pfubl. In 1760 a body of 10,000 250 Route 41, JOSEFSTADT. Prussians under Fouque were defeated here by 31,000 Austrians under Laudon. Schmiedeberg (p. 240) is 9V2 M. from Landeshut. — At Griissau, 3 M. to the S.E., are the extensive buildings of a Cistercian Abbey, founded in 1290, suppressed in 1810, and now used as a manufactory. 72 M. Liebau (Schmidt's Hotel ; Kyffhauser; Gohler ; *Rail. Restaurant ), with the Austrian custom-house, is a town of 5000 inhab., engaged in weaving and spinning. — From Liebau to Aders- bach, see p. 245. The line follows a defile through which the Prussian army in- vaded the Austrian dominions in 1866 , and soon enters Bohemia. It ascends slightly, crossing the watershed between the Oder and the Elbe, and then descends. 74^2 M. Konigshain. 82^2 Parschnitz (*Rail. Restaurant), on the Aupa, the junc- tion for Trautenau, Reichenberg, and Zittau (R. 40). High-road from Parschnitz to Petersdorf, Qualisch , Feldkretscham , and (9^2 M.) Adersbach (p. 245). — The train passes through a long tunnel. 90 M. Schwadowitz. 101 M. Starkotsch (whence a branch-line runs to Wenzelsberg , 2 M. distant, and Nachod on the Chotzen-Braunau line, p. 253). In 1866 the Austrians under Ramming and Archduke Leopold were defeated in several engagements near Nachod by the Prussians under Steinmetz. The line traverses the battle-field, where numerous monuments have been erected to the fallen. The contest was terminated by the capture of (105 M.) Skalitz , the station of which was bravely defended by Austrian riflemen. 112 M. Josefstadt (Wesselys Hotel), a town and fortress on the Elbe, erected under Joseph II. in 1781-87 , 8/4 M. from the station. 122 M. Koniggratz (Lamm, Ross), a fortress on the Elbe, rendered famous by the battle of 3rd July, 1866, which was fought to the W. of the town (see Baedeker's S. Germany and Austria'). 42. From Breslau to Braunau and Chotzen by Salzbrunn. 118 M. Railway. To Halbstadt in 5 hrs. (fares 8 m., 6 m., 4m.); from Halbstadt to Braunau in 1/2 hr. (fares 43, 32, 21 kr.); from Halbstadt to Chotzen in 4 hrs. (fares 4 fl. 68, 3 fl. 51, 2 fl. 34 kr.).. As far as Fried- land the finest views are generally to the left, beyond it to the right. Breslau , see p. 225. — 12^2 M. Canth. At Kryblowitz , 3 M. to the S.E., there is a monument to Prince Blucher, who died here in 1819 at the age of 77. I8I/2 M. Mettkau , the station for the Zo b ten, which has for some time been visible on the left. To the right the chateau of Borganie, seat of Count Pinto. From Mettkau diligence twice daily in 2 hrs. to (8 M.) Zobten am Berge (Hirsch) , at the base of the Zobten (branch-line from Rothsurben to Zobten in progress). Near it are Gorkau (Inn), prettily situated, with granite quarries, and the small *Rosalienthal (Inn). A road destitute ot shade, and a pleasant, shady, but somewhat steep path lead from Zobten FREIBURG. 42. Route. 251 to the (iy 2 hr.) summit of the *Zohten (2215 ft.), the finest point of view in Silesia. Small inn, and a few fragments of an old castle, destroyed in 1471. Down to 1810 the hill belonged to an Angustinian monastery founded here in 1108, of which the chapel still remains. Best view from an open space about 300 paces from the chapel. Stations Ingramsdorf and Saarau, the latter with foundries and chemical works. 30 M. Konigszelt (*Rail. Restaurant), the junction for the Lieg - nitz- Frankenstein railway (R. 44), derives its name (king’s tent) from the fact that Frederick the Great occupied a fortified camp near it, at Bunzelwitz, in 1761, during the Seven Years’ War. 35 M. Freiburg (906 ft.; Schwarzer Adler; *Burg; Schwarzer Bar), a small town (7800 inhab.) with several weaving factories, is prettily situated on the hill-side. On the opposite bank of the Polsnitz lies the village of Polsnitz . Comp, the Map, p. 236. Pleasant ^Excursion to Schloss Furstenstein. We first follow the Waldenburg road for 3 M., and then an avenue to the right, which leads to the Schloss in i/ 4 hour. Another route leads by the above-mentioned village of Polsnitz and its prolongations Hellabach and Salzabach to the (3 M.) Inn zur Neuen Schweizerei , a few hundred paces beyond which is the * Schweizerei Restaurant , both close to the Schloss. — (From Sorgau to Filrstenstein , see below.) -Schloss Furstenstein , the residence of Count Hochberg, Prince of Pless, charmingly situated on the E. side of the valley of the Hellabach or Polsnitz , and surrounded by extensive grounds, is one of the most attractive spots in Silesia. The chateau, erected in the Renaissance style in the 17th cent., has been entirely altered and sumptuously fitted up by the present proprietor. The tower should be ascended for the sake of the view. A -Walk through the valley and a visit to the two castles may be accomplished in 2-3 hrs. as follows (or in the reverse direction, starting from the Schweizerei). We turn to the left (S.) in the avenue mentioned above, before reaching the Schloss, and then follow a road indicated, by stone way-posts, which leads to the * Luisenplatz, where a beautiful view of the chateau, the Alte Burg, and the wooded Fiirstensteiner Grund is enjoyed. Descend hence into the valley, 300 ft. in depth, cross the brook, and ascend to the Alte Burg, a small imitation of a mediseval castle. A kind of tournament was held here in 1800 in honour of Frederick William III., on which occasion the prizes were distributed by his Queen Louise (castellan l-D/ 2 m.). Return by the same route into the beautiful valley, and descend the left bank of the stream. If time be limited, cross a wooden bridge which is soon reached , and ascend to the Schloss ; but it is preferable to follow the brook as far as the Schweizerei , or farm, and to ascend thence to the right to the Schloss. From Furstenstein to Salzbrunn 3 M., by the Freiburg road above mentioned ; somewhat less by a road from the Alte Burg ; beyond the churches the route to the left following the brook should be chosen. Bad Salzbrunn lies above the villages of that name. The line ascends in a wide circuit. 41 M. Sorgau , where pas- sengers for Altwasser (R. 41) change carriages. The route from Sorgau to Schloss Furstenstein is slightly shorter than that from Freiburg. The Waldenburg road is followed to (D /2 M.) the Fiirstensteiner Grund, and then the route above described is traversed in the reverse direction. — Halfway between Sorgau and the Fiirstensteiner Grund opens the Salzgrund , a parallel valley. The Schneekoppe is visible to the right in clear weather. The train is carried over Nieder-Salzbrunn by a viaduct; Ober-Salz- brunn lies to the left. Fine view. 252 Route 42 . SALZBRUNN. 43l/ 2 M. Bad Salzbrunn. — Hotels. Preussische Krone; Elisen- hof; Sonne; Deutscher Adler ; Preussisches Scepter. — Hdtels Garnis. Flammender Stern; Brunnenhof, with reading-room; Curhaus. Restaurants. *Preuss. Krone ; Merkur. Theatre during the season. Baths at five bath-houses, 80-90 pf. Visitors 1 Tax 24 m., 2 pers. 84 m. — The station is 1 M. from the Bad. Salzbrunn (1270 ft.) lies in the valley of the Salzbach. Its saline- alkaline waters were famed as early as 1316 for their efficacy in pulmonary and howel complaints , hut fell into disuse during the wars of the following centuries. Their virtues were again brought into notice about sixty years ago, and Salzbrunn is now the most fashionable watering-place in Silesia (3000 patients annually). About 200,000 bottles of the water are exported every year. Plea- sant promenades at Neu- Salzbrunn, where the springs are situated. The Elisenhalle , the chief resort of visitors (music morning and evening), adjoins the Oberbrunnen, the most important of the springs (used for drinking). The neighbouring Baths are supplied by the Heilbrunnen and Wiesenbrunnen. The Annenthurm, commanding a pleasant survey of the environs, the Richthofensruhe, the Schone Aussicht , and the *Schweizerei are all near the promenades. Frie- drichsruh, 1 M. to the S.W., is a favourite cafe near Conradsthal. At the upper end of Neu- Salzbrunn , near the entrance to the village of Hartau, the road to Altwasser diverges to the left (E.). Pedestrians are recommended to take the route by the *Wil- helmshohe (1690 ft.) , to which an avenue ascends from the pro- menades in 1/2 hour. Inn at the top commanding a fine view. — Descent on the E. side to Altwasser (p. 248) in */2 hr. The ruined Zeiskenschloss, or Czeschhaus , P /2 hr. N.W. of Salzbrunn, lies picturesquely in the valley of the Zeis. The road to it leads through the estate and village of Adelsbach. — The summit of the Sattelwald (2896 ft.) , commanding an admirable view of the Silesian Mts. , may be reached in 2^2 hrs. The continuation of the line affords numerous beautiful views. Beyond (47 M.) Conradsthal it describes a curve which brings it back to the vicinity of Neu- Salzbrunn. 52 M. Fellhammer is the junction for the railway from Alt- wasser to Kohlfurt, the first station on which, Gottesberg (p. 249), is visible on the right. — Farther on, the line commands a suc- cession of splendid views. 58 M. Schlesisch-Friedland (Weisses Ross), a well-built little town on the Steine, with weaving factories. Diligence hence twice daily to Gorbersdorf (1740 ft.), pleasantly situated in a sheltered valley, and frequented by consumptive patients (Dr. Brehmer s Establishment, ‘pension 1 from 86 m. per week; Dr. Rempler's, 34-4J m. per week). The Austrian frontier is now crossed. At(62M.) Halbstadt( Rail. Restaurant) baggage is examined by the custom-house officers. Branch Railway from Halbstadt to Braunau in V 2 hr. (fares 43, 32, 21 kr.) — 3*/ 2 M. Hermsdorf-Oehlberg. 5 i/ 2 M. Braunau NACHOD. 42. Route. 253 (* Oesterreichischer Adler ; *Traube), a small town in an open valley, with, a handsome Benedictine Abbey. About IV 2 M. to the W. are the Weckersdorf Rocks, a ‘Felsenstadt' resembling those of Adersbach and Weckelsdorf, and much visited from Bad Charlottenbrunn (p. 249), 12 M. to the N. A visit (with guide) to this labyrinth occupies nearly 2 hrs. ; line view from the Elisabethhohe , the highest of the hills. In 1/2 hr. more we reach the Marien-Capelle on the Stern another fine point of view with a chapel and an *Inn. Six miles to the E. of Braunau lie the small town of Wiinschelburg fBartsch ; Meese), 14 M. from Glatz by a good road, and Albendorf , a resort of pilgrims. ^ t , ,. The Heuscheuer is often visited from Weckersdorf, the route leading from the Stern via Klein-Ladney (20 min.). Dosengrund (y 4 hr.), Bilap ( 3 Ahr.), Melden (V 4 br.), Nausenei O /2 hr.), Passendorf O /2 hr.), and the Schweizer- haus (see below; 1/2 hr.), in all 3 hrs. 5 or better from Nausenei to (1 hr.) Carlsberg (Stiebler ; Pawel) on the S. side of the Grosse Heuscheuer, and thence to the top in 1/2 br. — The most interesting route is from Wiin- schelburg (see above), the easiest from Cudowa (p. 255). The "Heuscheuer (* Schweizerhaus ; comp. Map, p. 254) rises about oUl) It., above the lofty plain of the Leierberg. The grotesque rock-formations here have various whimsical names (walk through them, with guide, V 2 -I hr.). The highest point is the Grossvaterstuhl (2920 ft.), a seat hollowed out in a small rocking stone, which commands a fine view of the neighbouring rocks. The first station beyond Halbstadt on the railway to Chotzen is (67!/ 2 M.) Weckelsdorf (*Rail. Restaurant ), 3 M. from the little town of that name (see p. 245). 73 M. Politz (Schwan); route hence via Machau, Melden, and Nausenei to (3 hrs.) Carlsberg, see p. 255. 77 M. Hronow. 81 M. Nachod (Lamm), with a chateau of the Wallenstein family, commanding a fine view. From Nachod to Lewin, 6 M., diligence once daily; also daily to Cudowa , 4^2 M., and Reinerz, 9 M. (see p. 255). 85 M. Wenzelsberg ; the Wenzelcapelle near the station contains an Austrian military monument (branch -line to Starkotsch , see p. 250). 88 M. Neustadt an der Mettau ; 94 M. Opotschno, with a chateau of Count Colloredo-Mansfeld ; fine view of the Schneekoppe. 104 M. Tynist, where several railways intersect. Stations Borohradek, Korunka-J eleni, Oujezd. 118 M. Chotzen, see Baedeker's South Germany and Austria . 43. From Breslau to Glatz and Mittelwalde. Railway to Glatz , 58 M., in 2 3 / 4 hrs. (fares 7 m. 60, 5 m. 70, 3 m. 80 pf.); to Mittelwalde , 81 M., in 3V4 hrs. (fares 10 m. 40, 7 m. 80, 5 m. 20 pf.). Breslau, see p. 225. Country at first fertile, but uninteresting. On the right rises the Zobten (p. 251). 9 M. Rothsitrben (branch to Zobten, see p. 250); 16 M. Waldchen ; 23 M. Strehlen , with 6400 inhab., on the Okie. The train then ascends by this stream to (32 M.) Heinrichau and (35 M) Miinsterberg. 45 M. Camenz (Adler), ontheNeisse, the junction for the line to Konigszelt and Neisse (R. 44). Camenz once possessed a Cistercian 254 Route 43. GLATZ. abbey, founded in 1249, and suppressed in 1810. An inscription in the choir of the church records that Frederick the Great escaped being captured by the hostile Oroatians here in 1745 by assuming the garb of a monk. On the neighbouring Hartaberg rises the imposing modern Gothic chateau of Prince Albert of Prussia } in the park behind it fountains play on Sun. and Thurs. from 3 to 6 p.m. — A picturesque road leads from Camenz to (7 M.) Reiclienstein , with its arsenic mines, and (12 M.) Landed (see below). Pedestrians should choose the route through the Schlacken- thal and past the Rosenkranz Chapel (Tavern), a walk of 5 hrs. 51 M. Wartha (Lowe), a small town. A steep path ascends to the Chapel of St. Anna on the Warthaberg (1838 ft.), which attracts 40,000 pilgrims annually (*View). The banks of the Neisse here are attractive. Near the town the stream forces its passage through a rocky pass, formed by the spurs of the Schneeberg and Eulen- Gebirge. Tunnel. 58M. Glatz ( Weisses Lamm ; Neu-Breslau ; Weisses Ross ; Stadt Rom ) , a strongly fortified town on the Neisse, with 12,500 inhab., is commanded by the conspicuous keep of the old castle, 300 ft. above it, opposite to which is the modern fortress. — Excursion in the Glatzer Gebirge, see below. 70 M. Habelschwert (*Drei Karpfen ; Deutsches Haus , with restaurant), a district-town with 4900 inhab., pleasantly situated on the Neisse. The Chapel of St. Florian , 3 / 4 M. distant, affords a fine *View ; another admirable point of view is the *Dohlenberg , 4 M. to the W., beyond the Weistritz and the (3 M.) Wustung (Inn). The small watering-place of Nieder- Langenau (KurhauS} Annaliof} Schneider), with chalybeate and mud baths, occupies a very pleasant situation, 4 V 2 M. to the S. of Habelschwert. — A good road runs from Habelschwert to (I 8 V 2 M.) Reinerz (p. 255) via Alt-Lomnitz and Wallisfurth. Walkers should follow the pleasanter route by the Brande , Kronstadt (Inn), and the Beef elder, a high-lying moor (2470 ft.), the streams drain- ing which descend to the Elbe and the Oder. Next stat. Ebersdorf . Then (81 M.) Mittelwalde (1312 ft. ; Stern ; Sterngarten Restaurant), the Prussian frontier-station, pic- turesquely situated. The Austrian N.W. Railway runs hence to (66 M.) Koniggratz, etc. Pleasant excursions may be taken to *Burg Littitz, Pottenstein, Grulich , the Schwedenschanze, etc. * Glatzer Gebirge. From Glatz by carriage or diligence (twice daily) to Ullersdorf, Kunzendorf (both with fine parks), and (17^2 M.) Landeck (1442 ft. ; Blauer Hirsch-, Deutscher Kaiser), a small town on the Biele . About 3 / 4 M. to the E. lie the — Baths of Landeck (*Schldssel; Ditppler Hof ; Merkur; Weisser Lowe; Luisenhof ; Krone), with warm sulphureous springs (70-90°), known as early as the 13th cent., and used both internally and externally. Beautiful shady grounds. Among the walks may be mentioned the Waldtempel (10 min.), amidst beautiful pines } V 2 hr. to the S. the Schollenstein ; farther off, the *Hohen- zoller (1 hr.), with fine view} still more extensive from the (Dreiecker (P /4 hr.), stretching to the Lusatian Mts.} the ruin of Karpenstein , not far Scffoiuln'i-g''- ' ~ T&rffs. ,*■ - Grands chemios mm. Switzerland. BASTEI. 50. Route. 291 contracts, and 1 M. from Wehlen divides. After 7 min. more a finger-post to the left indicates the route to the Uttewalder Grund, and to the right to the Zscherre-Grund. The * Uttewalder Grund is one of the finest rocky gorges in Saxon Switzerland. The sides are so lofty and close together that some parts of the ravine are never reached by the sun's rays. About 10 min. from the above-mentioned finger-post is a restaurant; the path passes the Teufels- kiiche (devil's kitchen), a grotto resembling an open fire-place. At the narrowest part, called the Felsenthor , 5 min. above the restaurant, the path is carried over the brook by means of a wooden scaffolding. At the upper end of the valley steps ascend to Uttewald (p. 288). Those who visit the Uttewalder Grund from the above-mentioned finger-post usually pro- ceed as far as the Felsenthor only. The route hence to the Bastei can hardly be mistaken. The broad path ascends through the * Zscherre-Grund, a wild and narrow wooded ravine li /2 M. in length, bounded by lofty and grotesque rocks which are partially clothed with moss and fern. A pine-wood is next traversed. At the top of the hill the high-road (finger-post) is crossed, the Steinerne Tisch (Refreshments ; direction-post) pass- ed , and the Bastei reached in 25 min. more. A rocky plateau, 50 paces to the left of the path , immediately before the Bastei is attained, commands a fine survey of the rocks of the Wehler Grund. The **Bastei (875 ft. above the sea-level , and about 605 ft. above the Elbe ; *Inn on the summit ; admission to the tower 20 pf.), a rock with several peaks, rising precipitously from the Elbe, is the finest point in Saxon Switzerland. The view is magnificent and ex- tensive, affording an admirable survey of the wooded gorges and of the abrupt peaks resembling gigantic castles that surround us 011 all sides: to the N. Rathewalde and Hohnstein; E. the Brand, Rosenberg (in Bohemia), Kleine Winterberg, Grosse Winterberg, Zirkelsteine, and Kaiserkrone ; S. the Pabststein and Gohrischstein, in the foreground Lilienstein and Konigstein ; S.W. the Rauhstein and Barenstein ; far below flows the Elbe, visible from Wehlen to a point above Rathen. From the inn the traveller descends in 5 min. to the *Bastei- brilcke , a stone bridge of seven arches constructed in 1851 , con - necting the rocky pinnacles that here rise from the valley. (To the left before the bridge is reached a path diverges to the Ferdinand- stein , which affords a good survey of the environs and of the bridge itself.) A projecting platform affords a magnificent *View of the profound rocky and pine -clad gorge. About 14 min. from the bridge the path emerges from the wood and divides. That to the left, skirting the wood, leads to the Amselgrund (see below) ; that in a straight direction leads to (5 min.) Rathen (Zwm Erbgericht , on the river ; Bohme's Restaurant , well spoken of), a village on the Elbe with a ruined castle, and a steamboat and railway-station (the latter on the opposite bank; see p. 288). The ascent of the Bastei from Rathen occupies about 1 hr. The above-mentioned path to the left, 20 min. below the Bastei, 19 * 292 Route 50. SCHANDAU. Saxon ascends the Amselgrund , passes a small waterfall, and leads in li/ 4 hr. to Rathewalde. The traveller should here enquire the way to the Hockstein, a rock 360 ft. in height (1040 ft. above the sea), rising abruptly from the green Polenzgrund. It affords a fine view of the picturesque little town of Hohnstein (Hirsch ; Sachs. Schweiz), on the opposite side of the valley, commanded by an old castle now used as a house of correction. We then descend through the Wolfs- schlucht to the cool *Polenzthal (restaurant), and follow the course of the brook for about 3 / 4 hr., until the first house, the Walters - dorfer Michle (Mitscherling’s Inn), becomes visible. Crossing a bridge, we now ascend the hill to the right. Where the path divides, we follow that to the right until it joins the carriage-road on the hill, which leads to the right in 5 min. more to the Brand. The *Brand (905 ft.; small Inn), a higher point than the Bastei, commands a hardly inferior view, embracing nearly the same series of peaks. From right to left (S.W. to S.E.): Bastei, Barensteine, Konigstein, Lilienstein, Pfaffenstein,Gohrischstein, Pabststein, etc., and to the extreme left the Grosse Winterberg. About 100 paces from the finger-post on the carriage - road a footpath diverges from the broad path to the left to a singular group of rocks somewhat resembling corn-sacks, 100 paces distant. The main path then descends rapidly through the Tiefe Grund , passing under a curious overhanging rock, to the (Y 2 hr.) Hohnstein and Schandau road, which leads to the (2*/4 M.) Elbe at Wendisch-Fdhre , a station on the railway from Schandau to Bautzen (see p. 293). The line crosses the Elbe here. Above the bridge is the Hotel Wilhelmshohe . The town of Schandau lies on the right bank, 1 M. from Wen- disch-Fahre. Schandau.— Hotels. *Sendig’s Hotels & Pensions Forsthaus Deutsches Haus, and Villa Konigin Carola, on the Elbe, above the town, with gardens, ‘pension 1 in summer for a week or more from 7 m. per day, in spring and autumn 6 m. ; * Dampfschiff, -Bahr’s Hotel, Engel, and Elb-Pavillon, also on the river; Anker, in the market, un- pretending; Stadt Teplitz, well spoken of. *Badehaus, see below. Private apartments abundant. . 0 Guides , see p. 290. — Carriage (no legal tariff) to the waterfall b m., there and back 9 m., with gratuity; to the Brand by Hohnstein 12 in. ; to the Bastei by the Brand and Hohnstein 18 m. — Chair-porters from the waterfall to the Kuhstall 2 m., from the Kuhstall to the Kleme Winter- berg 3V 2 m., thence to the Grosse Winterberg 2 m., to the Prebischthor 2 V 4 m. more, thence to Herrnskretschen 4 m. — Mule from Schandau to the waterfall 4 m., thence to the Kuhstall F /4 m., Kleine Winterberg 272 m., Grosse Winterberg 2 m., Prebischthor 2 m., Plerrnskretschen 272 m. Persons staying more than 5 days are liable to a tax for the improvement of the walks. — Steamboat , see p. 263. The small town of Schandau (413 ft.) is prettily situated on the right bank of the Elbe, at the mouth of the Kirnitzschbach. In the valley of the latter, l/ 2 al30ve the town, is a small Chalybeate Bath (*Gasthaus zum Badehaus), surrounded by wooded rocks and promenades. Schandau is the central point of Saxon Switzerland, and is much frequented in summer. Switzerland , KUH STALL. 50. Route. 293 Walks. In the Kirnitzsclithal , see above $ to the Ostrau- Scheibe , to the Schlossberg , the Friedensplatz , the Schillerhohe , the Schiitzenhaus ; farther distant to the 1 hr. ; to the Sclirammsteine B/2 hr. *, to the Hoch- buschkuppe 2 hrs. A very pleasant excursion may be made from the railway-station through the Rietschgrund to (l x /4 hr.) the top of the *Pabststein (1476 ft. small *Inn at the top, bed l 1 /* m.). The view embraces the entire district of Saxon Switzerland. The most conspicuous points are N.W. the Lilienstein and Konigstein, E. the Grosse Winterberg and the Kleis rising like a tower, S.E. the basaltic Rosenberg (1770 ft.), the highest peak in the district. A mere speck only of the Elbe is visible at Schandau. — From the Pabst- stein a good path leads to the N.W. by Gohrisch to Konigstein in 1 hr. (in the reverse direction l x /2 hr.). Small boat from Konigstein to Rathen (see p. 288) in 40 min., 3 x /2 m. From Schandau to Bautzen, 40 M., railway in 2 x /4-4 hrs. (fares 5 m. 20, 3 m. 90, 2 m. 60 pf.). This line facilitates a visit to the E. part of the Saxon Switzerland, known as the ‘Hintere Schweiz’. Stat. Schandau , see p. 289. The train crosses the Elbe to Wendisch-Fahre (comp. p. 292), passes through a tunnel, and ascends the Sebnitzthal. Beyond (3 M.) Kohlmiihle the train quits the sandstone and enters a granite district. Two tunnels. 6 M. Ulbersdorf. The Sebnitz is crossed several times. Four tunnels. — 9 M. Sebnitz (1020 ft. ; Stadt Dresden; Sachsischer Hof), a manufacturing town with 5000 inhabitants. A pleasant excursion for one day may be made hence by proceeding through Hertigswalde and Thomasdorf to the * Wache- berg (Restaurant), and then descending to Saupsdorf (Schweizerkrone) and through the Kirnitzschthal to Schandau. — Beyond Sebnitz the line reaches its highest point. 14 M. Krumhermsdorf. The castle of Stolpen is seen on the left. 17 x /2 M. Neustadt (branch-line to Diirrohrsdorf, p. 260) 5 21 M. Ottendorf; 25 M. Niederneukirch ; 28 M. Oberneukirch; 31 M. Wilthen (branch to Ebersbach, p. 260). Beautiful view to the right. 35 M. Grosspostnitz. Then Singwitz and Bautzen (p. 260). The Kirnitzsch Valley is ascended by a good road from Schan- dau, passing the baths above mentioned, the (2M.) Ostrauer Muhle, and the (2 M.) Haidemuhle (Restaurant), to the Lichtenhain Water- fall and the Great Waterfall (*Inn, R. and L. IT /4 M.), which may be improved by opening a sluice. The footpath quits the road here and ascends in !/ 2 hr. to the — *Kuhstall (1246 ft.; Inn), an archway of rock, 20 ft. in height, commanding in one direction a view of the Habichtsgrund , a pro- found wooded ravine, enclosed by sandstone rocks. It was probably once employed by the peasantry as a refuge for their cattle in time of war, and has thence derived its name (‘cow-stable’). The summit is attained by 83 steps through a narrow cleft in the rocks. The path descends through a deep gorge to the Habichtsgrund. It next ascends gradually to the base of the basaltic Kleine Winter- berg (1424 ft.) , and then rapidly to a plateau , where a small hut with inscriptions marks the spot where Elector Augustus I. by a fortunate shot saved himself from the attack of an infuriated stag in 1568. The summit of the *Grosse Winterberg (1824 ft. ; Inn , R. and L. 21/2 m.), which is easily reached from the Kuhstall in 2 hrs., is a basaltic ridge, y 2 M. in length. The tower commands a picturesque and extensive prospect, embracing the Saxon, Bohemian, and even the Silesian Mts. The Path to the Prebischthor (1 hr. to the S. E.) leads 294 Route 50. HERRNSKRETSCHEN. from the inn on the Winterberg to the left through the wood, then, at the first bifurcation , to the left again, and afterwards skirts the Bohemian frontier, which is indicated hy stones. The *Prebischthor (1226 ft. ; Inn, Austrian wines'), a rocky arch of far more imposing dimensions than the Kuhstall (66-100 ft. wide; roof 48 ft. long, 10 ft. thick), is in Bohemian territory. The *View of the wild en- virons is very striking. — Descent to Herrnskretschen iy 2 hr - : a good path descends between huge walls of rock to the Bielathal , which is traversed by the Herrnskretschen and Dittersbach road. Several saw-mills are passed. The Biela flows into the Kamnitz , which joins the Elbe at Herrnskretschen. Herrnskretschen (*Herrnhaus ; Kuschelka; Hungarian wine at SchlogeVs ), a village on the Elbe. On the opposite bank is stat. Schona (*Rail. Restaurant], see p. 289. — Steamboat from Herrns- kretschen to Tetschen (p. 289) several times daily; also to Dresden , comp. p. 268. Small boat from Herrnskretschen to Schandau (in ^The road from Herrnskretschen to Dittersbach (9 M.; carr. 5 fl.) leads through the Kamnitzthctl for 1/2 M. and then ascends the Bielatihal. About 2V 4 M from Herrnskretschen a finger-post is passed on the left, indicating the way to the Prebischthor (see above), which , however , may also be reached from Herrnskretschen by a direct path with steps. 2 /4 M. Kevin wiese Inn. 2V 4 M. Hohenleipa , where pedestrians may avoid a long circuit made by the road. After 2V* M. more we reach - u 40 kr • Dittersbach (* Bellevue , m an airy situation, R. l 72 «•, B. w jr. , Michel's, well spoken of; Worms; private lodgings), the central pomt ol the ‘Bohemian Switzerland’. To the U. rise the peaks (named from right to left) of the Falkenstein O/2 hr. from Dittersbach), -Manenfels O/2 hf-i refuge-hut), Wilhelminenwand (1 hr.; hut), and -Rudolf stem (D/2 hr.), the routes to which are indicated by finger-posts. . .. .. , Qqru From Dittersbach to Bohmisch- Kamnitz (p. 290), 6 M. Kreibitz (p. 29t) lies 5 M. to the E. of Dittersbach. 51. From Dresden by Chemnitz and Zwickau to Reichenbach. 9372 M. Railway in 472-674 hrs. (fares 12 m. 20, 9 m. 20, 6 m. 10 pf., express 15 m. 20, 11 m. 40 pf.). A+fOl/ Mh Dresden , see p. 262. Departure from the Altstadt. At (.272 M - J Plauen (tramway, seep. *263), where there are extensive breweries, begins the Plauensche Qrund , a rocky part of the valley ot the Weisseritz , 17 2 M. in length, now disfigured by factories. The train crosses the stream several times. On the height to the right rises the chateau of Begerburg (^Restaurant, 74 hr * from stat * plaueil J> com ' manding a pleasing prospect. ,, , At (4V 2 M.) Potschappel the valley expands, and is studded with manufactories and well-built dwelling-houses, to which the produc- tive coal-mines in the vicinity have given rise. On the Windberg , o the S., rises a monument to 276 miners who perished by an explo- sion in 1869. 5y 2 M. Deuben ; 7M. Hainsberg , whence the attrac- tive Rnbenauer Qrund may be reached in 1 hr. FREIBERG. 51. Route. 295 gl / 2 M. Tharandt (685 ft. ; Bad ; Deutsches Haus ; Albert- Salon), with 1700 inhab., romantically situated at the junction of three valleys. On a rocky eminence rise the ruins of an ancient castle (843 ft.), formerly a hunting-seat of the Saxon princes. The Forst - Academie , founded in 1816, an institution for the education of foresters, enjoys a high reputation. Pleasant walks and beautiful woods in the environs. Fine view from the top of the hill. — 11 M. Edle Krone , with a silver-mine. The line now quits the valley of the Weisseritz, and ascends the picturesquely wooded Seerenbachthal as far as (16 M.) Klingenberg . 19 M. Nieder-Bobritzsch. To the right, below (22y 2 M.) Mulden - hutten , is seen the Muldener Hiitte , an extensive government- foundry. The Freiberger Mulde is then crossed. On the right and left are numerous mines and foundries. 25 M. Freiberg (1345 ft. 5 *H6teldeSaxe; *Rother Hirsch; Stern), a mining town , founded in 1171 , on the discovery of the silver mines, is the centre of the Saxon mining district. Pop. 25,000. A well-kept promenade, with remains of the old walls and towers, and the extensive Law Courts, surrounds the town. The road in a straight direction from the station leads to the Petersthor, where a Gothic Monument erected in 1844 comtnemo- rates the brave defence of the town by the townspeople and miners against the Swedes in 1642-43. The Peters-Str. leads hence to the Obermarkt , with the handsome Rathhaus on the E. side, a late-Gothic building of 1410, with additions in the Renaissance style, and the Kaufhaus on the N. The former contains a number of portraits of Saxon princes, and the latter a Museum of Antiqui- ties. The spot where Kunz von Kauffungen (p. 317) was executed in 1455, opposite the Rathhaus, is marked by a stone with a cross. The Weingasse, at the corner of the market diagonally opposite the Peters-Str., and then the second side-street to the left, lead to the ^Cathedral, a late-Gothic edifice erected on the site of a Roman- esque church which was burned down in 1484. A beautiful relic of the earlier church, dating from the 12th cent., is the S. Portal, or *Goldene P forte, remarkable for its rich, and originally gilded, sculptures, probably dating from the beginning of the 13th century. These plastic decorations rank amongst the best works of the me- diaeval period, those in Italy not excepted. The sculptures represent the Kingdom of God revealed to man by Christ. Below are eight statues of representatives of the Old Testament and antetypes of Christ: to the left Daniel, the Queen of Sheba, Solo- mon, and St. John the Baptist; to the right Aaron, a woman with a crown (the church?), David, and Nahum the prophet. The nine lunettes above contain reliefs from the New Testament: in the central field are the Virgin and Child, to the left the Adoration of Magi, to the right the angel Gabriel and St. Joseph; in the middle arch, God the Father and four angels, with Christ, an angel, and seven saints above; on the third arch, the Holy Ghosit (represented by a dove) with eight apostles ; on the highest arch, the Angel of Judgment and the dead arising from their graves at the Resurrection. 296 Route 51. ANNABERG. From Dresden Interior (sacristan, Untermarkt 392 •, 1 m.). Behind the high-altar is the Kurfiirstengruft , in which repose forty-one Protestant princes of Saxony, from Duke Henry the Pious (d. 1539) to Elector George IV. (d. 1694). The finest monument is that of the Elector Maurice (d. 1553 at the battle of Sievershausen) in the Renaissance style of the 16th cent., a sarcophagus of several rare kinds of marble, with a kneeling statue of the prince, and richly sculptured, executed by Anthony van Seron at Antwerp in 1563. High up in a corner of the choir is the suit of armour worn by the Elec- tor at the time of his death. The late-Gothic Pulpit of 1508 , in the form of the stalk and calyx of a flower, with steps borne by the figures of the master and his assistants, is also worthy of inspection. The powerful Organ was built in 1714, by Silbermann, a native of Freiberg. Near the Kreuzthor, at the N.W. corner of the town , is Schloss Freudenstein , erected in the 15th cent. , the residence of Duke Henry the Pious in 1512-39, and now a magazine. The Mining Academy (160 students), founded in 1765 , which gained a high reputation owing to the efforts of the great mineral- ogist Werner (d. 1817), possesses valuable collections. Werner’s grave, near the Goldene Pforte, is denoted by a Monument. About 3 / 4 M. to the E. of Freiberg (by the road from the Donatsthor, turning to the left past the cemetery) is situated the Himmelfahrt mine, the most valuable in the district. Admission for 1 pers. 1 m. and fee. From Freiberg to Nossen (and Leipsic), by a branch-line, see p. 301. Another branch-line runs S. to Berthelsdorf , Lichtenberg , Mulda , Nassau , and (16 M.) Bienenmuhle in 3 / 4 hr. 28 M. Klein-Schirma ; 31 M. Frankenstein. Near (35 M.) Oederan (Hirsch), the chateau of Augustusburg (see below) is seen on the lofty hill to the right. Beyond Oederan the line enters the attractive valley of the Floha , and follows it to its influx into the Zschopau. 42 M. Floha , a pretty village in the Zschopauthal. From Floha to Reitzenhain (for Komotau), 35 M., railway in l 3 / 4 -3V4 hrs. (fares 4 m. 20, 3 m. 40, 2 m. 20 pf.). The line ascends the valley of the Floha. 5 M. Hohenjxch\e ; 9 M. Griinhainichen ; 14 M . Rauenstein, with a loftily situated castle; 16 M. Pockau , where a branch-line diverges to Obernhau; 21 M. Zoblitz (Hirsch), with extensive quarries of serpentine. From (24 M.) Marienberg (Drei Schwanen), a small town with 6000 inhab., an excursion may be made to the Katzenstein. 30 M. Gelobtland. 35 M. Reitzenhain , the frontier-station; hence to (24 M.) Komotau in 2 hrs. From Floha to Annaberg (for Komotau ), 27 M., railway in 2 hrs. (fares 3 m. 40, 2 m. 60, 1 m. 70 pf.). The line ascends the charming valley of the Zschopau. On an eminence to the left of (2 1 /2 M.) Erdmannsdorf lies the little town of Schellenberg (Hirsch) , commanded by the extensive Augustusburg (1585 ft.), a chateau erected in 1568-72 (two pictures by Cra- nach in the chapel). The adjacent Kunnerstein (Restaurant) commands a beautiful view of the valley. 8 M. Waldkirchen. IOV 2 M. Zschopau (Stadt Wien; Deutsches Haus ), a small town with a chateau and cloth- factories. 18 M. Wolkenstein (Sachsischer Hof), with another old chateau, about 4 M. from which are the warm springs (86°) of the same name, with a Curhaus. 22 M. Wiesenbad is another little watering-place with a Curhaus and springs (82°). — 27 M. Annaberg (Wilder Mann; Museum ), a busy little town , with lace and other factories. The late-Gothic church contains some works of art, chiefly sculptures on the ‘Schone Pforte ; on the sides of the galleries are 100 painted reliefs, of 1522, representing biblical, legendary, and humorous scenes. The high-altar, 1519, the work of A. Dowher, of Augsburg, and the pulpit are likewise adorned with reliefs of the same period. Several old German pictures also deserve no- tice: Death of St. Mary, by Griinewald; St. Catharine, The adulteress before Christ, by Cranach the Younger. The smith's work in the sacristy to Reichenbach . CHEMNITZ. 57. Route. 297 door is admirably executed. — The Pohlberg , a basaltic hill in the vici- nity, is a fine point of view. . . _ , . From Annaberg to Komotau, 48 M., railway in 4 hrs. I he tram ascends the Zschopauthal to (2M.) Buchholz; the Gothic church of St. Catha- rine here contains a winged altar-piece of the school of Wohlgemuth (restored in 1839) and some old stained glass. From stat. Cranzahl , a dili- gence runs twice daily to Oberwiesenthal (to the right rises the Fichtelberg , 3854 ft., a fine point of view*, key of the tower at the village inn). Austrian custom-house at stat. Weipert. Other stations and Komotau , see Baedeker's 8. Germany and Austria. From (44 M.) Nieder-Wiesa a branch-line diverges to Rosswein (p. 296), via Frankenberg and Haynichen , two busy manufacturing places. 50 M. Chemnitz. — Hotels. *Romischer Kaiser, in the market ; Stadt Gotha, Johannes-Platz ; Victoria, Post-Str. ; Hotel de Saxe, Kloster- Str.; Stadt Berlin, Bother Hirsch, Lange-Str.; : Reichold, near the station. Restaurants. Ewald , Johannes-Str. ; Caf6 Barthel , Lange-Str.; Borse , Post-Str. A r Cabs. Per drive in the inner district, 1 pers. 50 pf., 2 pers. bO pf., 3 pers. 80 pf., 4 pers. 1 m. ; from the inner to the outer district 60, 80 pf., 1 m., 1 m. 25 pf. United States Consul, Mr. N. K. Griggs , corner of Wiesen-Str. and Moritz-Str. Chemnitz (1000 ft. ; pronounced Kemnitz), the third largest town in Saxony and one of the most important manufacturing places in Germany, with 80,000 inhab., lies in a fertile plain at the base of the Erzgebirge. It was originally a settlement of the ancient Wends, and became celebrated at an early period for its linen manufactories and bleaching-grounds. The staple products are stockings , woven goods, and machinery. The late -Gothic Rathhaus (PI. 15) in the Hauptmarkt (PI. E, 4) is flanked with arcades and possesses a lofty tower. Near it is the Jacobikirche (PI. 8) of the 14th cent., skilfully altered in the 18th, and again in a Gothic style in 1872-9 ; the sacristy contains a pic- ture by Cranach the Elder. The Schloss (PI. D, 2), to the N.W. of the town, once a Benedictine abbey, is now a restaurant with pretty grounds. The adjoining Abbey Church , erected in the late-Gothic style in 1514-25, with a fine S. portal, contains paintings of the old Franconian School. Around the town extend the well-built and increasing suburbs. From Cbemnitz to Dobeln and Riesa , see p. 301; by Floha to Anna- berg , Komotau and Reitz enhain , see p. 296; by Niederwiesa to Hainichen and Rosswein , see above. From Chemnitz to Leipsic, 53 M. , direct line in 2 1 /2-2 3 /4 brs. ; fares 6 m. 70, 5 m., 3 m. 40 pf. (station, PI. F, 3). From (6 M.) Wittgensdorf a branch-line diverges to Limbach. 14 M. Cossen lies in the valley of the Zwickauer Mulde , which is here crossed by the imposing Gohrener Railway Viaduct , 500 yds. long, 220 ft. in height (pleasant excursion from Cossen down the Mulde Valley to Rochlitz, see p. 301). 1972 M. Narsdorf. the junction for Penig (p. 301). 22^2 M. Geithain ; 2872 M. Frohburg ; 34 M. Borna. At (38 M.) Kieritzsch the line unites with the Saxon and Bavarian line (p. 317). From Chemnitz to Adorf, 71 M., railway in 5 hrs.; fares 9 m. 40, 7 m. 10, 4 m. 70 pf. (station, PI. E, 6). 2 M. Alt-Chemnitz ; 7 M. Einsiedel (excursion to the Dittersdorfer Hohe) ; 23 M. Zwonitz. The train then de- scends rapidly to (27 M.) Lossnitz and (32 M.) Aue , at the confluence of the 298 Route 51. ZWICKAU. Schwarzwasser and the Mulde, the junction for the Zwickau-Schwarzenberg line (see below). We next ascend the valley of the Mulde. 37 M. Bockau; 43 M Eibenstock ; 50 M. Rautenkranz , 4 M. from which lies Reiboldsgriin (p. 318). 60 M. Schoneck; fine view to the right. From (64 M.) Zwota a branch-line diverges to Klingenthal. 71 M. Adorf, see p. 318. The railway traverses a manufacturing district. 5172 St - Nicolai , a suburb of Chemnitz ; 54y 2 M. Siegmar ; 567 2 M. Gruna ; 58 M. Wustenbrand , all of which are also stations on the line to Lugau , Hohlteich , and Stollberg. 61 M. Hohenstein-Emstthal , two manufacturing places; about IT /2 M - from Hohenstein lie the chaly- beate baths of that name. At (65 M.) St. Egidien a branch-line diverges to Lichtenstein , Callnberg , Oelsnitz, and Stollberg (see above). At Stollberg is the castle of Hoheneck , now a house of correction. 70 M. Glauchau f800 ft.; Deutsches Haus ; Adler), another pro- sperous manufacturing town with 22,000 inliab., with two chateaux of the counts of Schonburg, lies on the Mulde, which the line now crosses. (From Glauchau to Narsdorf, Grossbothen , and Grimma, see p. 301.) — Beyond the Mulde a branch-line diverges to the N.W to Gossnitz (p. 317), passing Meerane, a manufacturing town with 21,000 inhabitants. 80 M. Zwickau (930 ft. ; Post ; Grime Tanne ; Hotel Wagner ; Deutscher Kaiser ), an old manufacturing town with 31,500 inhab., on the once important commercial route from the Danube to L. Franconia, lies in a pretty valley on the Mulde. The late-Gothic *Marienkirche , begun in 1453, with choir ol 1536, has been restored as a Protestant church. Winged altar-piece in carved wood, with paintings by Wohlgemuth, executed in 1479, representing Mary and the eight holy women. I lie Sacristy contains similar works, dating from 1507. In the Baptistery a small picture by Cranach, ‘Suffer little children to come unto Me . Hand- some choir-stalls. Fine view from the tower (227 ft.), a he sacristan lives on the N. side of the church. . c The Catharinenkirche of the 14th and 15th cent., subsequently altered, also contains a picture by Cranach. Thomas Munzer , the fanatical leader of the Anabaptists, who was beheaded atMuhlhausen in 1525, was pastor here in 1520-22. Adjacent is the chateau of Osterstein, built in 1590, now a penitentiary. - In the market- place are the Kathhaus of 1581, the late-Gothic Xau/Ttau*, 1, >‘2 1-24, and other fine old buildings; also the new Zwickau Bank. The environs are picturesque and well peopled. The 80 coal- mines of this district employ upwards of 8000 hands. From Zwickau to Schwarzenberg , 25 M -> railway in ^ / 4 ., h ' ( ,. 3 m 20 2 m 50 1 m. 70 pf.). The line ascends the valley of the Mulde. Near (7 ’m.) Wiesenburg rises a ruined castle. Stat. a f ahrh ™°* e to the E. is the small town of Wilden/els, with a chateau of the Count o Solms -Wildenfels and a new church. Stat. Stem; 1 Fp^^c^anbure- charmingly situated Schloss Hartenstein , the property of Prince Schonbu g Hartenstein. 15V2 M. Nieder-Schlema. *n H477 ftl Branch-Line from Nieder-Schlema (in V* Schneeberg nAJ i .) e Sachs. Hof ; Furstenhaus). a mining town with 7800 inhab: itants The Gothic church, erected at the beginn.ng of the 16th cent., contains a large RIESA. 52. Route. 299 altar-piece, with 8 wings, representing the ^Crucifixion , the masterpiece of Cranach the Elder, by whom it was painted with the aid of his pupils in 1539; the painting in the centre is the best. The tower (262 ft.) con- tains a huge bell weighing 8 tons. Numerous and valuable mines, chiefly of cobalt, are worked in the vicinity. The Schwarzenberg line next passes (I 8 V 2 M.) Aue , a pleasant little town in a hollow (also on the Chemnitz-Adorf line , see p. 298), and then quits the Mulde. From stat. Lauter the Morgenleite (2560 ft.), which com- mands an admirable view, may be ascended in IV 2 hour. The line then ascends the Schwarzw ass er that to — 25 M. Schwarzenberg (Hdtel de Saxe; Rathhaus ), a small town on an eminence skirted by the Schwarzwasser, with an old Schloss. Diligence from Schwarzenberg once Jdaily in 774 hrs., by Johann-Geor- genstadt , to Carlsbad (see Baedekers S. Germany and Austria). From Zioickau to Oelsnitz , 38 M., railway in 2-3 hrs., via Lengenfeld , Auerbach , and Falkenstein (comp. p. 318). At (88 M.) Neumark our train reaches the Leipsic and Reichen- bach-Hof railway, see p. 818. 52. From Dresden to Leipsic. a. By Riesa. 7172 M. Railway. Express in 274 hrs. (fares 11 m. 60, 7 m. 70, 5 m. 80 pf). ; ordinary trains in 3-372 hrs. (9 m. 30, 7 m., 4 m. 70 pf.). The train starts from the Neustadt, nearly 1 M. from the prin- cipal hotels in the Altstadt, and skirts the Lossnitz , a range of vine-clad hills with numerous villas. 4 M. Radebeul ; 5 M. Wein- traube , M. from the station of which is the Paradies , a favourite resort of the Dresdeners ; 6 M. Kotzschenbroda , near which is the restaurant of Friedensburg ; 9 M. Coswig , the junction for Meissen and Dobeln (see p. 300). 12 M. Niederau. The scenery is now less attractive. From (19 M.) Pristewitz a branch -line diverges to Orossenhain (3 M. ; p. 261). 27 M. Roderau is the junction of the Berlin line (p. 262); the vil- lage lies on the right hank of the Elbe. The train crosses the Elbe. 31 M. Riesa (Rail. Restaurant ), the junction for the branch- lines to Chemnitz, Elsterwerda (p. 261), and Lommatzsch. From Riesa to Chemnitz, 41 M., by railway in 272 brs. (fares 5 m. 30, 4 m., 2 m. 70 pf.). 1572 M. Dobeln is the junction of the Leipsic, Meissen, and Dresden line (see next page). The train crosses the Freiberger Mulde here , and the Zschopau farther on , commanding several pleasing views of the valley of the latter. 22 M. Waldheim (Lowe), a small town with a large prison. 22 M. Erlau; 30 M. Mittweida (* Sachsischer Hof). On a lofty rock on the right bank of the Zschopau, 1 M. to the N. of stat. Oberlichtenau , stands the chateau of Sachsenburg; P /2 M. to the S. lies the extensive chateau of Lichtenwalde , with beautiful fountains. Chemnitz , see p. 297. At the Hubertusburg , an old chateau 6 M. to the W. of (39 M.) Oschatz , a peace terminating the Seven Years’ War was concluded between Austria , Prussia, and Saxony in 1763. 45 M. Dahlen. 55M. Wurzen (Goldener Adler), a manufacturing place of 8100 inhab., with an old cathedral and chateau (view from the tower). It is the junction of the Muldenthal Railway to Golzern , Grimma , Grossbothen 1 etc. (see p. 301). The Mulde is now crossed. 64 M. Borsdorf. 71 y 2 M. Leipsic, see p. 302. 300 Route 52. MEISSEN. b. By Dobeln. 79 M. Railway in 4-47*2 hrs. (fares 9 m, 6 m. 80, 4 m. 50 pf.). This route is longer, but more attractive than the above. As far as (9 M.) Coswig the route is the same as the preceding. The train crosses the Elbe, and soon reaches — 14 M. Meissen. — Hotels. TIirsch, in the market; Blauer Stern, Leipziger-Str.; Bahnhofs-Hotel. — Restaurant in the Rathskeller , in the old Rathhaus, which dates from 1471. Travellers coming from Leipsic to visit the porcelain factory should alight at Triebischthal (see below). Meissen , one of the most ancient towns in Saxony, and the seat of the Margraves of that name down to 1090, is most picturesquely situated at the influx of the Triebisch and the Meisse into the Elbe , which is here crossed by two bridges. Pop. 13,000. Near the Monchskirche is a fountain with a figure of Henry the Fowler by Henze, and the Kornmarkt is embellished with a war-monument. On leaving the station we turn to the right and cross the old Elbe bridge to the (72 M.) Qrosse Markt. We next follow the Burg- Strasse to the right, passing under the Schlossbrucke, then turn to the left, cross the bridge, and reach the Schlossberg, 160 ft. above the town, on which stand the cathedral and the Albrechtsburg. In front of the latter is a bronze Statue of Albert the Courageous , by Hultzsch. The ^Cathedral was founded in the 13th, and completed in the two following centuries. The S.E. tower (254 ft.), with its ele- gant spire, dates from the 15th century. The portals and the in- terior are adorned with numerous interesting sculptures. Interior (the sacristan lives at No. 10, to the right). Most of the an- cestors of the royal family of Saxony of the 15th and 16th cent, repose here in the Fiirstencapelle , and among them the princes Ernest (d. 1486) and Albert (d. 1500), the founders of the present reigning lines (see p. 317). The finest monument is that of Friedrich ‘der Streitbare 1 (d. 1428), in bronze, in the W. portal (built in 1423-25), and the brass of the Duchess Sidonia (d. 1510) is artistically valuable. — The church also contains some good old German pictures dating from the end of the 15th and be- ginning of the 16th cent. , the best being Christ between Mary and St. John, by Luc. Cranach the Elder , 1534. The choir contains four admirable painted statues of the 2nd half of the 13th century. The * Albrechtsburg , erected in 1471-83 by the brothers and co-regents Ernest and Albert, from plans by Arnold of West- phalia, is one of the most extensive castles of that period, with remarkably fine vaulting. From 1710 to 1860 it was occupied by the royal porcelain factory. Since 1863 it has been thoroughly re- stored , and decorated with frescoes illustrative of its history by Dietrich , Oe/ime, Preller , and other modern German artists. The windows command a number of beautiful views. Visitors are con- ducted through the Schloss by the castellan from 9 a.m. to 5, 6, or 7 p.m. according to the season; fee for 1 pers. 1 V 2 m *, 2-4 pers. 2 m., and so on. The entrance is behind the statue of Duke Albert. On the Afra-Berg, which is connected with the Schlossberg by the above-mentioned bridge of the 13th cent., is an old abbey con- DOBELN. 52. Route. 301 verted into a school in 1543, where Gellert (1729-34) and Lessing (1741-46) received their early education. The Gothic Church of St. Afra was built in 1295-1329, and afterwards altered. The celebrated Royal Porcelain Manufactory (650 workmen) is now established in the Triebischthal , l 1 ^ M. from the Grosse Markt (p. 300). It is shown on week-days 7-12 (winter 8-12) and iy 2 -6 (Sat. 172-4); fee 2 m. for 1 pers., or 1 m. for each member of a party. The manufactory was founded in 1710, shortly after Bottger (d. 1719) had discovered the art of making ‘china’. Among several beautiful points of view in the environs of Meissen may be mentioned Schloss Scharfenberg; the rocky height of the Bosel near Sornewitz; and Schloss Siebeneichen , all steamboat-stations between Dresden and Meissen (see p. 263). I 872 M. Triebischthal , near which is the Meissen porcelain-fac- tory (see above). The line now traverses the Triebischthal. 1972 M. Miltitz-Roitzschen ; 25 M. Deutschenbora. At (2772 M.) Nossen (branch-line to Freiberg, p. 296), with a Schloss, the pretty valley of the Mulde is entered. On a wooded hill to the left beyond it are the ruins of the monastery of Altenzella , with a burial-chapel of the counts of Meissen. From (27 M.) Rosswein , a branch-line diverges to Hainichen and Chemnitz (p. 297). 40 M. Dobeln (Sonne), a thriving little town with 11,000 inhab., the junction of the Riesa and Chemnitz line (p. 299). 4572 M. Klosterbuch , with a ruined abbey and beautiful walks. 48 M. Leisnig , an old manufacturing town with 7000 inhab. , is commanded by Schloss Mildenstein. 52y 2 M. Tanndorf, to the right of which rises the beautifully situated Schloss Kossern . 57 M. Grossbothen. From Grossbothen to Glauchau, 35 M. , by railway in 3V4brs. (fares 4 m. 60 , 3 m. 45, 2 m. 30 pf.). The railway, coming from Wurzen and Grimma, traverses the pretty Muldenthal, which offers many charms to the pedestrian. — 4 M. Colditz ( Kreuz ), a small town on the Zwickauer Mulde, commanded by an old castle, now a lunatic asylum. — IOV 2 M. Roohlitz (Lowe; Sachsischer Hof), an old town of 6000 inhab., with an old electoral Chateau with two towers. Of its three churches the late-Gothic Kuni- gundenkirche is the most interesting. The Rochlitzer Berg (1115 ft. above the sea, 630 ft. above the river), 2*/2 M. from the town, with a tower, com- mands a beautiful view. A branch-line diverges hence to Narsdorf and Penig (see below). — 15V2 M. Wechselburg (Sachsischer Hof), with a chateau of Count Schonburg- Vorderglauchau, the iate- Gothic chapel of which, containing interesting late-Romanesque and Gothic sculptures, was formerly the church of the Augustinian abbey of Zschillen (founded 1174). — The train now passes under the imposing Gohrener Viaduct (p. 297), and reaches the prettily-situated little town of (18 M.) Lunzenau, and then (20 M.) Roclisburg , with another chateau and park of Count Schonburg. — 2372 M. Penig (Stadt Leipzig), a small town of 6000 inhab., with two chateaux, and pretty pleasure-grounds , where the above-mentioned line to Narsdorf and Rochlitz diverges. — 27 M. Wolkenburg, with the chateau and park of Count von Einsiedel and a church of 1794. — 30 M. Walden- burg (Goldener Lowe), the residence of Count Schonburg - Waldenburg. 35 M. Glauchau (p. 298). 62 M. Grimma (*Kronprinz ; Lowe), picturesquely situated on the Mulde , with 7200 inhab. ; also a station on the Muldenthal Railway (see above). The electoral Schloss is now occupied by public offices. The Filrsten-Schule was established in 1550. The 302 Route 53. LEIPSIC. Hotels. convent of Nirnbschen , where Catharine von Bora, the wife of Luther, was once a nun, is now a farm-house. The line traverses the valley of the Parthe. Stations Gross- Stein- berg, Naunhof , and (73 M.) Borsdorf , where the Riesa line is reached. 53. Leipsic. Arrival. Cab-tickets are issued at the station, as at Berlin ; tariff, see p 303. There are six railway-stations at Leipsic. 1. Bavarian Station (PI. E 6, 7), for Chemnitz, Hof (Nuremberg), and Eger (Munich, Carlsbad, and Ratisbon). 2. Berlin Station, 1 M. to the N. of the town (see PI. E, 1), for Berlin (Magdeburg). 3. Magdeburg Station (PI. E, 2) for Halle (Cassel, Yienenhurg), Magdeburg, Hamburg, and Bremen. 4. Dresden Station (PI. E 2) for Dresden, Gorlitz, and Breslau. 5. Thuringian Station (PI. E, 1), for Weimar, Eisenach, and Frankfort on the Main, and also for Gera and Eicbicbt. 6. Eilenburg Station (PL G, 4, 5), for Cottbus, Sorau, Guben, Breslau, etc. Hotels. "Hotel Hauffe (Pl. a; E, 5), at the corner of the Ross-Str. and the Ross-Platz , R. from 3 m., D. 3, B. H/ 4 m., L. 80, A. 80 pf. * 'Hotel de Russie (Pl. b; D, 4), Peters-Str. 10, 11, D. 2V* m. ; : 'Palmbaum (PL d; D, 2), Gerber-Str. 65, 66, R. from 2y 2 , B. lm.; *Hotel de Prusse (Pl. e ; D 5), Ross-Platz 7, R. from 2, B. 1 m. — -Hotel de BaviSre (Pl. c s D, 4), Peters-Str. 36: *Stadt Hamburg (Pl. f; D, 3), Nicolai-Str. 7, R. 2-272 m. ; Stadt Rom (Pl. g; E, 2, 3), near the Dresden Station; -Hotel Sedan (P l h- D, 2) Blucher-Str. 1, opposite the Thuringian Station ; Hotel Hel- ler (Bamberger Hof), Konigs-Platz 12, at the end of the Windmuhlen-Str. (Pl. D 5)- Stadt Dresden (Pl. i; E, 4), Grimma’sche Stemweg 11, 12, R. from 2, D. 2Va m. ; Stadt Nurnberg (Pl. 1; E. 6), Hotel Hochstein, both near the Bavarian Station; Lebe’s Hotel (Pl. m; D, 2, o), Park-Str. 10; Norddeutscher Hof, Theatergasse 6, unpretending, these two near the stations; Muller’s Hotel (Pl. k; C, 3), Neukirchhof, moderate. Rooms may also be procured at the Dresden , Thuringian, and Berlin Railwaij Restaurants. Charges are much raised everywhere during the fairs , and accommodation is not easily obtained unless previously ordered. Restaurants. Wine. Aeckerleih s Keller , Markt 11; Dahne, Markt 8. — Auerbach's Keller , Grimma’sche- Str. 1, near the market, celebrated as the scene of a part of Goethe’s Faust, with curious mural paintings ot the lbth cent, (restored in 1863), representing the tradition on which the play was based ; Aux Caves de France , Reichs-Str. 5, D. 1 m. 60 pf. ; Borsenkeller , Grimma’sche Str. 5 (beer); New Theatre, E. pavilion, D. from 12 to A 1 m. 25 pf. (beer). —Beer. *Timpe , in the Hotel de Russie, see above ; Baar- mann, Katharinen-Str. 28; Kitwing, Peters-Str. 19; Mbhle, Nmola^Str. 1; Bierbaum , Peters-Str. 29; Hdtel Heller, see above; -Muller s Hotel, Neukirch- hof 16, D. iy 2 m. ; Stephan, Park-Str. ; Sieben-Mdnner Haus, Hochstein , both near the Bavarian Station. p . f( . Cafes. *CaU Felsche (Cafe Francais; also confectioner), Augustus-Platz, at the corner of the Grimma’sche Str. ; Zum Reichskanzler (confectioner), corner of the Park-Str. and Goethe-Str. (Pl. E, 3); - Wiener Ca ft, Theater- platz, near the Old Theatre; at the New Theatre, W. pavilion. — Bono- rand , in the Rosenthal, with garden and large concert- room (concerts frequently).^ Regortg> The gMtzenhaus (Pl. 40; F, 2), Wintergarten-Str. 9, is a favourite resort; on summer evenings concerts and illumination ot the gardens. The Centralhalle , An der Pleisse (Pl. C, 3), corner of the Central-Str., is a sort of music-hall and restaurant; Bonorand s Cafe, see Baths. Sophienbad , Dorotheen-Str. 1, with Turkish , vapour , and swimming-baths; Dianabad , Lange-Str. 4, with Turkish and other ba s; Bad Mildenstein, Schletter-Str. 5. - River Baths at the swimming and bath establishment (for ladies also) near the Plagwitzer-Str. (Pl. A, 6, 4). History. LE1PSIC. 53. Route. 303 Cabs. One-horse for 1 pers. within 20 min. 50, 2 pers. 60, 3 pers. 80 pf., 4 pers. 1 m. (to the Berlin stat. 75 pf., 1 m., l l [\ , from all the railway-stations to the town 10 pf. more in each case. Hand-bags gratis, box 20 pf. — Per hour P/ 4 , IV 2 , 1 3 A, 2 m. Tramway, to the neighbouring villages of Reudnitz , Connewitz , PZay- Lindenau, Gohlis, and Eutritzsch , 25 pf. Post Office (PI. 36; E, 4) in the Augustus-Platz, near the theatre. Telegraph Office (PI. 43; C, 3), Kleine Fleischergasse 5, first floor. Theatres. At the New Theatre (PI. 44; p. 304) performances daily: central balcony 3-5 m., side-balcony 4, parquet 3, first boxes 2 T /2 m. — At the Old Theatre (PI. 45) performances several times weekly, and daily during the fairs. — Carola Theatre (PI. 46; D, 7), Sophien-Str. "Concerts in the Gewandhaus , celebrated (conducted by Mendelssohn in 1835-41), every Thursday in winter. Director Herr C. Reinecke . — Mo- tette , sung by the boys of the Thomas-Schule, in the Thomaskirche, every Sat., 1.30 to 2 p.m. Picture Gallery at the Museum (PI. 31; see p. 304). — Del Vecchio's Exhibition of Art (PI. 7), in the Kaufhalle, Markt 9; week-days 9-5, Sun. 10-3; adm. 50 pf. English Consul, Baron Tauchnitz , Grimma'scher Steinweg 6 (office- hour 11-12). — American Consul, Col. J. Eglinton Montgomery , Konig-Str. 24 (office-hours 9-1). American Dentist, Mr. Ellery C. Young. Dorotheen-Str. 13. English Church Service at Elisen-Str. 2o c. (PI. D, 7), on Sundays at 8 a. m., 10. 30 a. m., and 6 p. m. — American Service in the Erste Burger- schule (PI. D, 4), close to the Museum, at 5 p.m. Leipsic, Ger. Leipzig (387 ft.), one of the most important commercial towns in Germany, with 150,000 inhab. (in 1880), and the centre of the German book-trade, is the seat of the supreme law-courts of the German Empire, and of one of the most ancient and important universities in Europe. The city lies in an exten- sive plain, near the confluence of the Elster , the Pleisse , and the Parthe. The interior of the city consists of lofty and closely built houses, dating chiefly from the 17th and 18th cent., and is sur- rounded by five handsome suburbs, beyond which are a series of villages almost adjacent to the town. The population of Leipsic has increased more rapidly than that of almost any other town in Germany (the number was 44,800 in 1834 ; 62,400 in 1849 ; 85,400 in 1864; 127,400 in 1875). Leipsic is said to have been originally a Slavonic settlement, called Lipzk , or ‘the town of the lime-trees 1 . It is mentioned in history for the first time at the beginning of the 11th cent., and was soon afterwards for- tified. About the year 1170 it was endowed with extensive privileges by Otho the Rich, Margrave of Meissen, and thenceforward increased ra- pidly. As early as 1180 markets were held here biennially at ‘Jubilate 1 and Michaelmas, and in the 15th cent, attained to great importance. In 1458 a New Year's Fair was added to the number, and in 1497 and 1507 the Emp. Maximilian confirmed the privileges of the town by prohibiting markets to be held at any town within a wide circle around, and by guaranteeing a safe -conduct to all the frequenters of the Leipsic fairs. The trade of Leipsic was somewhat depressed by the various wars of the 17th and 18th cent., but after 1833 , when Saxony joined the ‘Zollverein 1 or German customs-union, it assumed most important dimensions. The Jubilate and Michaelmas Fairs are still attended by a vast concourse of merchants, but the New Year's Fair has considerably fallen off. On these occasions the town is thronged by from 30,000 to 40,000 traders from all parts of Europe, especially from the E., and by Jews, Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, and Turks. The most important of the staple commodities at 304 Route 53. LEIPSIC. Museum.. the fairs are furs , of which nearly one million pounds 1 worth change hands annually: next in value are leather, cloth, wares > S lass » and linen. The total value of the sales averages 10,000,000/. per annum. Leipsic is still more important as the centre of the Book Trade of Germany, a position which it has occupied since the end of the 18th century. There are about 300 booksellers 1 shops and 60 printing-offices in the town, and publishers in other parts of Germany almost invariably have depots of their books at Leipsic, whence they are sent to all parts of Europe and more distant countries. Many hundred booksellers congregate here at the Jubilate, and transact business at their own Borse, or Exchange. Pleasant Promenades on the site of the old fortifications sepa- rate the inner town from the suburbs. On the S. side they are interrupted by the spacious Augustus-Platz (PI. E, 4), which is enclosed by the new theatre , the museum , the Augusteum , the post-office (PI. 36), and several private houses. The *New Theatre (PI. 44 ; E, 4), a handsome edifice in the Re- naissance style, designed by C. F. Langhans of Berlin, was completed in 1867. The principal facade is adorned with a Corinthian portico, the tympanum of which contains an allegorical group by Prof. Ha- gen; the Apollo, with Clio and Calliope, forming the ‘acroterion’, are by the same sculptor; the groups in the tympana of the wings are by Liirssen, Wittich, and Schiele. The back of the building, with its semicircular projecting terrace, is turned towards the most attractive part of the promenades, and adjoins the Schwanenteich , a miniature lake , where on Sundays and holidays a fountain rises to a height of 66 ft., producing a very picturesque effect. The in- terior is also worthy of a visit (open daily, 2-4 p.m. ; 50 pf-J- The chief attraction of the *Museum (PI. 31 ; E, 4), a building opposite the theatre, designed by Prof. L. Lange of Munich, and com- pleted in 1858, is its collection of modern pictures. This gallery was instituted in 1837 by the Leipsic Kunstverein, and since then has been considerably increased by purchase , and by the presentation of the Schletter Collection, which consists chiefly of French pictures. (Sun. 10V2-3, and Wed. and Frid. 10-4, gratis; Tues., Thurs., and Sat. 10-4, Mon. 12-4, from Nov. to Jan. till 3 only, admission 50 pf 1 The names of the painters are affixed to the pictures. Ground Floor. To the left: Designs and Drawings by Oornims, Genelli , Overheck , Schwind , and others. Also Water-Colours by C. Wet , Sprosse , etc. - To the right on the ground-floor are the private rooms of the I^Z^tmi^Tdirlction: Sculptures, chiefly casts from The original works in marble include *Ganymede watering the eagle by Thorvaldsen , Cupid-reliefs by Schilling and Kopf, and » f Stati Mam by Hildebrand. The walls are decorated with • V!ews of the towns most celebrated in the history of sculpture, executed by Gai tnei in 1 ott to. _ We now ascend the staircase, at the foot of which is a bronze figure of a Neapolitan Improvisator by Duret, to the — with , cenes First Floor. I. Entrance Rotunda. Sixteen Landscapes witii scene, from Homer’s Odyssey, by F. Preller , designs for the f rf coes ‘ n U l < t a "ian seum at Weimar (p. 328). - IX. Boom adjoining the last, early Italian and Spanish masters, originals and copies: 154. Munllo , Madonna. we now turn to the left and enter the — ttotrotlial III. Room: 105. Heine , Criminals in churchy 203. H. Rittei , Betiotl a in Normandy ; 270. Ph. Veit , Germania. Museum. LEIPSIC. 53. Route. 305 IV. Principal Saloon, lighted from above: (1.) Calame , *25. Monte Rosa at sunrise, *26. Squall on the Lake of Lucerne ; *98. Gudin , Sea-piece ; Calame, *28. Fall of rocks in the Haslithal, *27. Psestum; 233. Somers, Cromwell; 224. Schrader, Frederick the Great after the battle of Colin; 230. C. Sohn, Donna Diana; 204. L. Robert, Robber asleep; *275. Verboeck- hoven , Flock of sheep ; 476. Lindenschmitt, Ulrich von Hutten at Viterbo in 1516, fighting with five Frenchmen who had jeered at Emp. Max; 231. W. Sohn, Law consultation; 482. Lessing , Lake in the Eifel; 473. Rosen- thal, Morning devotions of Sebastian Bach ; 150. Meyerheim , Sunday morn- ing ; *483. Rottmann , Lake Copais ; 415. Preller, Landscape with the Good Samaritan. — The adjacent V. Room contains a fresco from the Casa Gualtieri at Orvieto, representing St. Michael with the Dragon, a fine work of the Umbrian school of the beginning of the 16th century. VI. Room. French School: *55. Paul Delaroche, Napoleon at Fon- tainebleau, 1814; 10., Biard , 10. Arctic bear-fight, 9. The insane king Charles VI. of France ; 4. Bellangt, After the battle of Wagram. VII. Loggia. Frescoes by Th. Grosse of Dresden. In the dome to the left (turning our backs to the window), scenes from Greek mythology ; to the right, history of the Creation from the Old Testament; in the cen- tral dome, Art. The marble statue of *Raphael was executed by Haehnel of Dresden; that of *Phidias is by Schilling . — We next enter a suite of smaller rooms. VIII. Room: Examples of Leys, Koekkoek , Van Hove, and other Dutch painters of the 19th century. — IX. Room: 241. Troy on, Cows; 210. Rott- mann, Corfu. — X. Room: 118. Knaus, Card-sliarpers; 234. Spangenberg, Luther and his family; E. v. Gebhardt, Scene at the time of the Refor- mation. — XI. Room : 268. Vautier, Peasants playing cards after church surprised by their wives; 157. Nordenberg , Village church in Sweden; 487. A. Achenbach , Mill in Westphalia; 488. Defregger, Saying grace; Hertel, Young Germany at the village-school. — XII. Room : 466. Tidemand , Norwegian emigrants 1 farewell; 115. Jordan, First visit after the wed- ding; 495. Oswald Achenbach, Rocca di Papa in the Alban Mts. — XIII. Room: 170. Overbeck, The rose-miracle of St. Francis, a sketch in colours for the fresco in S.M. degli Angeli at Assisi; 120. Koch, Italian landscape; 223. Schnorr, St. Rochus dispensing alms; 201. L. Richter, Ave Maria; 111. J. Hiibner, Holy Family. — XIV. and XV. Rooms: Examples of Netherlandish masters of the 17th cent. : 347. Rembrandt , Portrait of himself, a sketch in colours; M. d' Hondecoeter, Poultry; Van Vliet, Por- trait; examples of Van der Neer, Eeckhout, and Van Goyen. — XVI. Room : Early German School: works by Burgkmair and Cranach the Elder ; two small pictures of the school of the Van Eycks. Second Floor. An extensive * Collection of Engravings (catalogue D/^m.) is arranged here in nine rooms, according to schools, affording a survey of the art of painting from the 13th cent, down to the present time. The Augusteum (PI. 2; D, 4), on the W. side of the Augustus- Platz, erected in 1836 from designs by Schinkel , is the seat of the University, founded in 1408, and now attended by 3200 students, and contains several of its collections and most of the lecture-rooms. (Medical faculty, see p. 307). The library numbers 350,000 vols. and 4000 MSS. The Aula contains a monument to students who fell in the war of 1870-71, a number of busts and statues by Knaur and Rietschel, and twelve ^Reliefs by the latter, illustrative of the development of civilisation (placed too high). The adjacent Paulinerkirche (PI. 26), restored in 1544, contains in the choir a monument by Rietschel to the Margrave Dietzmann of Meissen, who was assassinated in St. Thomas’s in 1307. To the S.W. of the Museum, near the Burgerschule, rises a Sta- tue of Thaer (PI. 19 ; D, 4), the agriculturist (d. 1828), by Rietschel. Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 20 306 Route 53. LEIPSIC. Churches. The busy Grimma’sche Strasse (PI. D, 3), which contains several handsome old houses, particularly No. 15, the Furstenhaus completed about 1575, leads from the Augustus-Platz towards the W. to the Markt-Platz (PI. D, 3), situated nearly in the centre of the city, and bounded on three sides by lofty and antiquated houses some of them in the Renaissance style , while the fourth side is occupied by the Rathhaus (PI. 38), of 1556. At the back of the Rathhaus is the small Naschmarkt, with the Exchange , a building of 1683. Opposite its S. end is Auerbach’s Keller (p. 302). To the N.W. runs the Hain-Strasse, at No. 31 in which Schiller resided in 1785 and 1789, leading to the Briihl , a great resort of the Jewish frequenters of the fairs , where the offices of many wholesale dealers in furs and other wares are situated. In 1813 Richard Wagner , the composer, was born at No. 88 in this street (inscription). The E. end of the Briihl debouches on the pleasure- grounds behind the New Theatre (p. 304). The building to the right, at the corner of the Briihl and the Goethe-Str. , is at present the seat of the Supreme Courts of the German Empire. The Churches of Leipsic present few attractions. The Nicolai - kirche (PI. 25 ; D, 3) of 1525 contains some of the cannon-balls of 1813 built into the walls by the windows, and a stone pulpit, from which Luther is said once to have preached, in a vaulted receptacle by the S. entrance. In the Ritter-Strasse, opposite, is the Booksellers Exchange (comp. p. 304). — The Church of St. Thomas (PL 29 ; ^,4), with its lofty and conspicuous roof, was consecrated in 149b. Con- certs of sacred music, at which Bach’s compositions are performed, are often given here in winter (‘Motette’, see p. 303). Bach was organist at the adjacent Thomas-Schule from 1723 down to his death in 1750. — The handsome Roman Catholic Church (PI. 23 ; C, 4) and the Synagogue (PI. 42) are modern. An inscription in the court of the house ‘Zur grossen Feuer- kugel’, Universitats-Str. 4, at the back of the university, indicates the room which Goethe is said to have occupied when a student here in 1767-68. — The Gewandhaus , or old Drapers’ Hall, Univer- sitats-Str. 9, contains the Municipal Library (open Mon. Wed. . , Sat. 3-5 in winter 2-4), consisting of 100,000 vols. and 1500 MSS. ; the ’concert-room (p. 303) is on the second floor. The Conserva- torium of Music , in the same building, is one of the most famous in Europe. — The Art- Industrial Museum , Thomaskirchhof 2U, near the Thomaskirche, is rapidly growing in importance. The S.W. corner of the inner town is occupied by the Fleissen- burg (PI. C, D, 4, 5), formerly the citadel, now containing barracks and public-offices, and dating chiefly from the 16th century. -—At the N.W. angle of the town stands the Old Theatre (PI. 40 ; , C, Z), near which is a monument (PI. 12) to Hahnemann (d. 1843), the father of homoeopathy. B n A small monument at the end of the Ranstadter St ep;weg ^l. B C, 2) commemorates the premature blowing up of the bridge by the trench on Rosenthal. LEIPSIC. 53. Route. 307 19th Oct., 1813, which proved so fatal to their rear-guard. The spot where Prince PoniatowsJcy was drowned in the Elster on that occasion is indicated by an inscription on the house Lessing-Str. 10, but the ground has been entirely altered since then. On the promenade, opposite the Dresden station, is a marble hast of G. Harkort (d. 1865; PI. 13), the chief promoter of the Leipsic and Dresden Railway, which was the first of any importance in Germany (opened in 1837). The construction of the railway is also commemorated by an Obelisk (PI. 8). To the E. of the choir of the Church of St. John (PI. 22; F, 4) is Gellerfs Tomb (d. 1769). — A monument at the corner of the Salomons-Str. and Dresdener-Str. (PI. 10; F, 4) marks the spot where Major Friccius stormed the Grimma’sche Thor on 19th Oct. 1813, after the battle of Leipsic. Near the c Milch-InseV (PI. F, 3), the first position within the town gained by the Allies on that day, is the Kugel-Denkmal (PI. 14), or ‘Ball Monument’, with projectiles found in the city and environs. On the first floor of Grimma’sche Steinweg 46 , obliquely oppo- site to the Friccius monument, is the collection of a society for in- vestigating the history of Leipsic (Sun. 10.30 to 12.30) , con- taining a few reminiscences of the great battle. On the second floor is the ^Ethnographical Museum (PI. 32; Sun., Tues., Thurs. 11-1, 50 pf. ; at other times 1 m.), which has rapidly attained consider- able importance. The house No. 20 Konigs-Strasse (PI. E, 4), indicated by a memorial tablet, was occupied by Mendelssohn in 1835-41 and 1846-47. Since 1867 a range of new buildings for the medical faculty of the University has been erected in the S.E. suburb, including the Anatomie (PI. 1), the Physiological Institute (PI. 34), the Chemical Laboratory (PI. 5), the Deaf and Dumb Asylum , the Zoological Institute (PL 49), the Physical Laboratory , the Mineral - ogical Institute , the extensive Municipal Hospital , the Pathological Institute (PI. 33), and the new Botanical Garden (PI. F, 6). — In the same neighbourhood is the extensive New Cemetery [ PI. G, 6,7). At Nos. 9, 10 Peters-Steinweg (PI. 39; D, 5) is the so-called Romische Haus, built from designs by Hermann in 1833, and con- taining some good frescoes. In the staircase, Brutus condemning his sons , and Cornelia praising her sons the Gracchi , by Wisli - cenus ; on the ground-floor ^Landscapes illustrative of the Odyssey, by Preller , executed here for the first time (comp. p. 328); in the central saloon, Cupids on the ceiling by Genelli. Adjoining the city on the N.W. is the *Rosenthal (PI. A, B, 1), with its pleasant meadows and beautiful oak-plantations. It is em- bellished with a marble statue of Gellert (PL 11) and a bust of the composer Zbllner (PI. 20). Concerts are frequently given here at Bonorand’s Garden- Cafe (see p. 302). Near the cafe is a small Zoological Garden , with a skating-rink. — To the N. of the Rosen- thal is the village of Gohlis , where an inscription on one of the 20 * 308 Route 54. WITTENBERG. From Berlin houses records that Schiller there composed his ‘Ode to Joy’. Farther distant is Eutritzsch , where ‘Gose’, once a favourite kind of beer, may still be tasted at the Gosenschenke. The * Collection of Baron Speck at Liitzschena (one hour's drive to the N.W. beyond Mockern) comprises several good works by old masters of theDutch, German, and Italian schools (visitors apply to the custodian; closed on Sundays). , n ., ~ . . Q1Q The Battle of Leipsic , which lasted four days , 16th-19th Oct. , 181o, is the most prolonged and sanguinary on record. It was conducted on both sides by some of the greatest generals of modern times. Napoleon's forces numbered 140-150,000 men, of whom 90,000 survivors only began the retreat to the Rhine on 19th Oct,; the allied troops were 300,000 strong. The Russians lost 21,000 men, the Austrians 14,000, the Prussians lb 000. The entire number of cannon brought into the field is estimated at 2000. On 19th Oct. at 11 a. m. a Prussian ‘Landwebr' battalion stormed the Grimma Gate (p. 307) and forced an entrance into the town. At 12 Napoleon quitted the town. The French retreated towards Lutzen by the bridge over the Elster near the Ranstadt Gate. The bridge, the only mode of crossing the river, was prematurely blown up, in consequence of which thousands of the French perished by drowning , and among them the Polish general Poniatowsky (p. 306); 25,000 who had not yet crossed the bridge were taken prisoners. At 1 o'clock the Allies entered Leipsic. A bird's eye view of the battle-field (see Plan) is best obtained from the tower of the Pleissenburg (p. 306). The scene of the engagement of the decisive 18th Oct. is perhaps better viewed from the Napoleonstein, situated on a height planted with trees near the Thonberg estate 2 M. b.E. of Leipsic, whence the progress of the battle was watched by Napoleon. The village of Probstheyda , 3 / 4 M. farther , was the centre of the French position. On a hill by the road-side, iy a M. S.E. of Probstheyda, rises an iron Obelisk on the spot, where, according to an erroneous tradition, the three monarchs (Russia, Austria, Prussia) received the tidings of the victory on the evening of 18th October. On the right of the road, a little nearer Leipsic, near the farm of Meusdorf , stands a simple block of granite with an inscription to the memory of Prince Schwarzenberg, the general of the allied forces (d. 1820). The only building on which bullet-marks are still visible is the chateau at D blitz, 2 M. to the W. of the obelisk where a detachment of Austrians was stationed. All the above points may be visited by fiacre in about 3 hrs. 54. From Berlin to Leipsic. 101 M. Railway in 3-5Vz hrs. (express fares 15 m. 40, 11 m. 80 pf.; ordinary 13 m. 20, 9 m. 90, 7 m. 20 pf.)* From Berlin to Juterbog , see R. 47. — 5272 Zahna. 597 2 M. Wittenberg ( Ooldene Weintraube , R. & A. 274 Adler , both in the market; Schwarzer Bar , Schloss-Str. ; Rail. Restaurant; Sichlers Garten , outside the Neue Thor, a favourite resort), on the Elbe , with 12,500 inhab., a fortress down to 1875, and one of the cradles of the Reformation, was a residence of the Electors of Saxony down to 1542. In 1760 it was bombarded by the Austrians, in 1813 occupied by the French, and in 1814 taken from them by storm by the Prussians under Tauenzien. Near the station, outside the Elsterthor, we observe on the right an oak surrounded by a small garden, which is said to mark the spot where Luther publicly burned the papal bull on 10th I)ec. Io20. Passing through the Elsterthor, we enter the Kollegien-Strasse, to Leipsic. WITTENBERGr. 54. Route. 309 on the left side of which rises the Augusteum , erected in 1564-83, and lately restored ; it is now a seminary for clergymen. The court contains Luther s House , being part of the old Augustinian monas- tery, where ‘Brother Augustin’ took up his residence in March, 1508, when summoned from Erfurt to occupy the chair of philo- sophy at the university of Wittenberg. At a later period also the house was occupied by the great Reformer, and it was afterwards presented to him by the Elector. Luther’s Room, containing a stove of coloured tiles, a table, and a drinking goblet once used by him, is nearly in its original condition. — In the ‘Bildersaal’ are portraits of the Reformers and Saxon Electors. In the same street, a little farther on, is Melanchthon s House , indicated by an inscription, the property of the clergymen’s semi- nary; in the garden is a stone table with an inscription of 1551. — The nearly adjacent Infantry Barrack was once occupied by the famous University founded by Elector Frederick the Wise in 1502, where Luther became a teacher of the Holy Scriptures in 1512. In 1817 the university was incorporated with that of Halle. In the neighbouring Market-Place, under a Gothic canopy, rises a large * Statue of Luther , designed by Schadow, and erected in 1821, bearing the inscription, ‘Ist’s Gottes Werk, so wird’s bestehn ; ist’s Menschen Werk, wird’s untergehn’ (if it be God’s work it will endure, if man’s it will perish). Farther to the W. is a Statue of Melanchthon , by Drake, erected in 1866. The old Rathhaus , situated at the back of Luther’s Monument, dating from the 16th cent., and restored in 1768, contains a few unimportant pictures of the school of Cranach, Luther’s portrait, the Ten Commandments, and various objects which once belonged to the Reformer. — In the S.W. corner of the market-place is the dwelling-house of Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1533), the pain- ter, who was once burgomaster of Wittenberg ; it has been fre- quently restored. — The Schloss-Strasse leads to the old Electoral Palace , with its two round roofless towers. It has been burned down several times, and part of it is now used as an Arsenal. Farther on is the *Schlosslcirche , erected in 1439-99, seriously injured by the bombardment of 1760, and again in 1813-14, and restored in 1814-17. The wooden doors to which Luther affixed his famous 95 Theses were burned in 1760, and were replaced in 1858 by Metal Doors , 10 ft. in height, presented by Frederick William IV., and bearing the original Latin text of the theses. Above, on a golden ground, is the Crucified, with Luther and Melanchthon at his feet, by Prof. v. Klober. On the right and left, above the doors, are statues of the Electors Frederick the Wise and John the Constant, who are interred in the church, by Drake. In the Interior of the church are brazen slabs with Latin inscriptions which mark the graves of Luther (d. at Eisleben, 1546) and Melanchthon (d. at Wittenberg, 1560). — Among other interesting monuments the choir contains that of Elector Frederick the Wise (d. 1525) , by Peter Vischer, cast at Nuremberg in 1527, and that of John the Constant (d. 1532), by Hans Vischer, a son of Peter. The epitaph of Henning Goden, behind the altar, with a coronation of the Virgin, is also by Peter Vischer 310 Route 54. WITTENBERG. (comp. p. 331). The portraits of the Reformers are by Lucas Cranach the Younger , 1534. In the Stadtkirche , which dates from the 14th cent., hut was afterwards much altered, Luther frequently preached ; and here in 1522 the Holy Communion was for the first time administered in both kinds. The Interior is embellished with an altar-piece by Lucas Cranach the Elder representing the Holy Eucharist, with Baptism and Confession at the sides, and portraits of the Reformers Melanchthon and Bugen- hagen; on the platform is Luther preaching. Among other pictures are a Christ on the Cross and an Adoration of the Shepherds by Cranach the Younger , and a Presentation in the Temple. — The Font was cast by Her- mann Vischer of Nuremberg in 1457. Among the tombstones are those of Matthias von Schulenburg (1571), the younger Cranach (d. 1586), and Bugenhagen (d. 1558). The Chapel zum heiligen Leichnam , of the 14th cent. , is adorned with a picture of the Lord’s Vineyard by Cranach the Younger, 1569, containing portraits of the Reformers and various allusions. A new house in the Mittelgasse has a stone of the period of the Reformation built into it, bearing the characteristic inscription, ‘Gottes Wort und Lutheri Schrift, ist des Babstes und Calvini Gift’ (God’s word and Luther’s writings are poison to the pope and to Calvin}. Wittenberg is the junction for the Falkenberg-Rosslau-Cothen Line (68 M.) , which is traversed by express trains from Breslau to Magde- burg and Hanover. — Falkenberg , see p. 262; 5 M. Fermerswalde ; 14 M. Annaburg; 19 M. Jessen; M. Elster ; 33 x /2 M. Wittenberg , see above; 36 M. Klein- Wittenberg. 42 M. Coswig , with a chateau of the Duke of An- halt, on the Elbe, V 2 M. below which is a ferry, whence Worlitz is reached in 3 / 4 hr. (see p. 316). 46 M. Kliecken. — 53 M. Rosslau , the junction of the Magdeburg-Zerbst-Leipsic line (R. 55b). The train then crosses the Elbe and Mulde, and reaches (56 M.) Dessau (comp. p. 314). 60 M. Mosig- kau (p. 316); 65 M. Elsnigk. 68 M. Cothen, see p. 311. Beyond Wittenberg the Leipsic train crosses the Elbe. 64^2 M. Bergwitz; 72 M. Grafenhainichen , the birthplace of Paul Gerhardt (d. 1676), the hymn-writer. 82 M. Bitterfeld (Prinzvon Preussen ), with manufactories of earthenware piping, the junction for Halle (I8Y2 M. ; p. 311) and Dessau (p. 314). 89 M. Delitzsch (p. 313); 92 M. Zschortau; 95 M. Rackwitz. The line passes near Breitenfeld , where Gustavus Adolphus defeated Tilly and Pappenheim in 1631. The highest point of the battle-field is in- dicated by a stone surrounded by eight pines. 101 M. Leipsic, see p. 302. The station is nearly 1 M. from the town ; a cab should therefore he at once secured. 55. From Hamburg to Leipsic via Magdeburg. There are two lines of railway ^from Hamburg to Magdeburg, and also two from Magdeburg to Leipsic, so that this journey may he accomplished in four different ways. The most direct route, on which through-carriages are always provided, is by Stendal, Mag- deburg, and Halle (see R. 55a). Geogra.ph.Anstalt to. " ~ W^ ier Jclleles Le ip „ ? COTHEN. 55. Route . 311 a. By Magdeburg, Cothen, and Halle. 223 M. Railway in 8-11 hrs. (express fares 34 m. 70, 25 m. 80, 19 in. 10 pf. *, ordinary 30 m. 90, 23 m. 10, 15 m. 50 pf-)- a From Hamburg to (46 M.) Uelzen , see R. 19. The line to Sten- dal and Magdeburg here diverges from that to Hanover. The country traversed is flat and uninteresting. 77 M. Salzwedel, see p. 81. Stations Pretzier , Kallehne , Brunau- Packebusch , Messdorf , Bi s ~ march , Kldden. 113 M. Stendal (junction for Berlin, see p. 81). The train now passes stations Demker , Tangerhiitte (with extensive ironworks), Mahlwinkel , Rogatz , Wolmirstedt , and then runs along the bank of the Elbe to (149 M. ) Magdeburg (p. 86). Another route from Hamburg to Magdeburg is by the line to the JN. of the Elbe via Wittenberge, which is 17 M. longer (to Leipsic Mi) M. in 91/2-H hrs. ; fares 30 m. 90, 23 m. 10, 15 m. 50 pf. ; express 32 m. 10, 23 m. 90, 16 m. 30 pf.). Luggage is examined at the custom-house before starting. From Hamburg to (99 M.) Wittenberge , see p. 195. — The Elbe is then crossed, and a flat district traversed. Stations Seehausen , Osterburg. At (130 M.) Stendal the line unites with that above described. 158 M. Schonebeck , a manufacturing place of some importance, connected with the neighbouring towns of Gross-Salze and Frohse by ‘Colonisten-Strassen’, constructed in 1772; near Gross-Salze are the salt-baths of Elmen. . Branch-line hence via Forderstedt to (14 M.) Stassfurt (Hotel Stein- Jcopf, well spoken of), with very extensive salt-mines, and Gusten , a station on the Cothen and Halberstadt Railway (see below). 161 M. Gnadau is a Moravian settlement. The train now crosses the Saale by a bridge 1/4 M. in length. 165 M. Calbe an der Saale ; the town is 2 M. to the W. 180 M. Cothen (*Prinz von Preussen ; Grosser Gasthof ; Wein- traube ), with 14,400 inhab., is the junction for Dessau and Berlin (p. 310), and for Halberstadt and Aschersleben (see below). Nau- mann’s Ornithological Collection in the Schloss (a building of 1550) deserves mention. The principal church contains old stained glass and a font by Thorvaldsen. Sugar is largely manufactured here from beet-root, of which vast fields are seen in the environs. From Cothen to Aschersleben, 27V2 M., in l 1 /-* kr. (fares 3 m. 60, 2 m. 70, 1 m. 70 pf.). 6 M. Biendorf; 12 l /2 M. Bernburg (Goldne Kugel ), a pleasant town with 16,900 inhab., a late-Gothic church, and a handsome old Schloss (14th-18th cent.). 20 M. Gusten , whence a branch-line runs to Stassfurt (see above) ; 22 l /2 M. Giersleben; 21 l /z M. Aschersleben (p. oo9). Near (190 M.) Stumsdorf , to the right, rises the Petersberg (657 ft. above the Saale), 6 M. from Halle, commanding a fine view. The old abbey-church here, erected in the 12th cent., and restored in 1857, contains tombs of Wettin (Saxon) princes. 202 M. Halle. — Hotels. *Stadt Hamburg (PI. a* D, 5), R.2, D.2V*, B. 1 m. : *Kronprinz (PI. b-, B, 5), near the market; *Goldner Ring (PI. c; C, 5) and Stadt Zurich (PI. d; B, C, 5), in the market; *Goldene Kugel (PI. e; F, 7), Russischer Hof (PI. f; F, 7), both near the station; Rhei- nischer Hof, Leipziger-Str. ; Preussischer Hof (PI. g; D, 4), Stein-Str. ; Goldener Lowe, Stadt Berlin, Leipziger-Str. ; Goldene Rose, near the Waisenhaus. ,, _ Restaurants. The three first-named hotels ; * Goldschmidt , btein-btr. ; * Meissner, Grosse Ulrich-Str.; Borse , in the market; Tulpe, David, both 312 Route 5 5. HALLE. From, Hamburg adjoining the University (PI. C, 4) ; Schwarz , corner of the Promenade and Ulrich-Str. — Wiener Caf6 , Post-Str. ; Peter , Grosse Ulrich-Str. Cabs. Per drive for 1 pers. 50 pf., 2 pers. 70, 3 pers. 90 pf., 4 pers. 1 m. 10 pf. ; to or from the station, within the town, 40, 60, 80 pf., 1 m. Halle , an old town on the Saale, with 60,600 inhab., was an important place at a very early period in consequence of its salt- works , which now yield 11,000 tons of salt annually. In the 13th and 14th cent, it waged protracted feuds with the archbishops of Magdeburg ; after the Peace of Westphalia it was annexed to Bran- denburg. Halle possesses a university of great repute, founded in 1694, with which that of Wittenberg was united in 1817. The ‘Pietistic’ views for which the university was noted during the last century are no longer in vogue, and the town has become a com- mercial place of considerable importance. In the Market Place (PI. C, 5), situated in the centre of the old town, rises the Rothe Thurm , a clock-tower 276 ft. in height, and near it a stone statue of Roland (see p. 133}. Between this and the mediaeval Rathhaus (PI. 17) is a bronze Statue of Handel (d. 1759; PI. 5), who was born here in 1685, erected by subscriptions from Germany and England. The great composer is represented in the English court-dress ; at the back of the music-desk is St. Cecilia (a portrait of Jenny Lind). Opposite is a Gothic Fountain , with a figure by Schaper, erected in 1878 to the memory of natives of Halle who fell in 1870-71. The * Marktkirche , or Church of Our Lady (PI. 7; C, B, 5), erected in 1530-54, with four towers that belong to a still earlier structure , two of them connected by a bridge, bounds the market on the W. side. (Sacristan, An der Halle 6, at the back of the church, down a flight of steps.) Interior. -Altar-piece , a scene from the Sermon on the Mount , by Hiibner of Dresden. To the right by the altar a small picture by Cranach , the Fourteen Helpers in need. The chief treasure of the church is a double winged * Picture , painted by Cranach in 1529 for Cardinal Albrecht ol Brandenburg, the builder of the church, representing SS. Magdalene, Ursula, Erasmus, and Catharine, the Virgin with the cardinal at her feet, at the sides St. Maurice and St. Alexander, the latter placing his foot upon the Roman Emp. Maximin*, on the external sides the Annunciation, St. John, and St. Augustine. „ . The finest cburcb is that of *St. Maurice (PI. 8; sacristan. No. 6 on tbe E. side) in tbe lower part of the town, near tbe ‘Halle’ (salt-works), said to date from tbe 12th cent.; elegant choir of 1388; fine carved *Wood-work over the altar, representing Christ and Mary with saints , of 1488 ; near it , ancient winged pictures ; pulpit, with reliefs of 1588, resting on a pillar representing Sin, Death, and Satan. This church is frequented by the workmen employed in the manufacture of the salt, called ‘Halloren’, a distinct race, who until recently preserved many of their ancient peculiarities, and are probably descended from the Wends who once inhabited this district. The University Buildings (Pl. C, 4) were erected in 1834; of the 1000 students, a large proportion study agriculture. to Leipsic. TORGAU. 55. Route. 313 Franckes Institutions (PL C, D, 7) on the S. side of the town, near the railway-station , comprising a Protestant orphan-asylum, school, laboratory, printing-office, etc., were begun in 1698 by the founder, whose sole means then consisted of a strong and simple faith, unaided by capital. The court of the asylum is adorned with a bronze Statue of Francke (d. 1727) by Rauch. The Cathedral (PL A, B, 4, 5) contains a good altar-piece, re- presenting Duke Augustus of Saxony and his family. Adjacent is the old Residence (PL 4; B, 5) of the archbishops of Magdeburg, which now belongs to the university, and contains the valuable col- lections of the Thuringian-Saxon Antiquarian Society. Near the cathedral are the ruins of the Moritzburg , erected in 1484, and the Jdgerberg (PL A, 4), which affords a view of part of the town. On the ‘Marienbreite’, to the N.E. of the town, several build- ings connected with the medical faculty of the university have been recently erected. In the same neighbourhood are the Agricultural Institute of the University ( PL D, 3) and the new University Library. Krollwitz ("Restaurant), D/2 M. to the N. of Halle , is a favourite re- sort (pretty walk to it along the Saale). Opposite is the Giebichenstein , a ruined castle with pleasure-grounds. Lewis ‘the Springer 1 , Landgrave of Thuringia, was imprisoned here in 1102, and, according to tradition, escaped by a daring leap into the river. Duke Ernest II. of Swabia, im- mortalised by Uhland, was also a prisoner here for a considerable time. * WitteJcind (Curhaus, D. 172 m.), a watering-place near the Giebichenstein, is much frequented in summer. From Halle to Aschersleben , see R. 69. From Halle to Cottbus (Sorau) and Guben, 132 M., railway in 5*/2 hrs. (fares 17 m., 12 m. 80, 8 m. 50 pf.). 41/2 M. Peissen; 71/2 M. Reussen; 11 M. Klitzschmar. 17 M. Delitzsch , junction for Berlin and Leipsic (p. 310). 30 M. Eilenburg, where the Mulde is crossed, the junction for the line to (15 M.) Leipsic via Taucha and Jesewitz. 39 M. Mockrehna. 48 M. Torgau ("Gold. Anker , in the market), a fortified town on the Elbe, which is crossed here by a handsome stone bridge and by that of the railway, with 10,700 inhab., is frequently mentioned in the history of the Reformation. In 1760 Frederick the Great defeated the Austrians here, and in 1813-14 the town was besieged by Tauenzien. Schloss Harten - fels , one of the largest Renaissance buildings in Germany, 1481-1544, for- merly a residence of the electors of Saxony, is now a barrack. The half- Gothic palace- chapel was consecrated by Luther $ the staircase and the bay window in the courtyard, as well as the other in the N. wing of the palace, and the plastic decorations are all worth noticing. The late- Gothic Marienkirche contains the tomb of Catharine von Bora (d. 1552), Luther’s wife, and several pictures of Cranach’s school. The Rathhaus, with three high gables, dates from about 1560. — Graditz , a royal stud- farm 2 M. from Torgau, has acquired considerable reputation for its breed of horses. 60 M. Falkenberg, the junction of the Wittenberg-Elsterwerda-Kohlfurt (p. 261), and the Berlin- Jiiterbog-Dresden lines (R. 47). 64 M. Beutersitz; 72 M. Dobrilugk-Kirchhain (p. 261); 93 M. Kalau , the junction of the Liib* benau and Kamenz line (p. 231) ; 99 M. Eichow. 108 M. Cottbus (p. 231), where the tx*ain crosses the Berlin and Gor- litz line. The line to (36 M.) Sorau (p. 235) diverges here. 116 M. Peitz. — 132 M. Guben, see p. 224. Near (215 M.) Schkeuditz the Leipsic train enters the dominions of Saxony , passes Mockern , where a bloody battle between the 314 Route 55. DESSAU. From Hamburg French and Prussians was fought on 16th Oct. 1813, and reaches (223 M.) Leipsic (see p. 302). b. By Magdeburg, Zerbst, and Bitterfeld. Distance and fares tlie same as in Route a, the line from Magdeburg to Leipsic via Zerbst being about the same length as that via Halle. From Hamburg to (149 M.) Magdeburg , see above. Beyond (151 V 2 M.) Neustadt- Magdeburg (p. 89) the train crosses the Elbe, and reaches (154 M.) Biederitz (p. 89). 156y 2 M. Kbnigsborn ; 162 M. Gommern; 166 M. Prodel; 170 M. Gutergluck , where the line intersects the Berlin and Metz railway (R. 67). 175 M. Zerbst (Gold. Lowe; Hotel cT Anhalt), an old town with 13,000 inhab., once the seat of the Princes of Anhalt-Zerbst, who became extinct in 1797, possesses a large Schloss and extensive riding-school. The market-place, with its handsome gabled hou- ses, is adorned with a Roland Column of 1445 (provided with a Gothic canopy in 1849) and a female figure on a slender column, called the Butter jungfer, the significance of which is doubtful. The Rathhaus , with two handsome gables of 1479-81, which dates from the 15th cent., but was disfigured by additions in 1610, contains a Bible printed on parchment, with woodcuts coloured by Lucas Cranach. The handsome Nicolaikirche of the 15th cent, has been judiciously restored. The Gymnasium is established in an old Fran- ciscan monastery on the ramparts, founded in 1250, and possessing fine cloisters. 183 M. Rosslau , where the [line unites with the Wittenberg- Cothen railway (p. 310). It then crosses the Elbe and the Mulde , and soon reaches — 187 M. Dessau. — Hotels. * Goldner Beutel, * Goldner Hirsch, both in the Stein-Strasse , not far from the Ducal Palace; Schrader, Schwan, in the Kleine Markt; Railway Hotel. Cab with one horse, for one person, per drive 50 pf.; with two horses 1 m. ; for each additional person 20 or 40 pf. ; each trunk 20 pf. Dessau (118 ft.), the capital of the Duchy of Anhalt, with 21,000 inhab., and the residence of the Duke, lies on the left bank of the Mulde in a grassy and partially wooded district. The town has re- cently been considerably extended in the vicinity of the railway- station. It contains broad streets and well-built houses, and boasts of a number of villas, gardens, and fountains. The Dessau Aut- Collections are of considerable value and deserve to be better known ; but they are unfortunately distributed among several diffe- rent places, in or near Dessau. The nucleus of the collections was inherited by the Dukes of Dessau in 1675 from Princess Amalia of Nassau Orange, wife of the stadtholder Frederick Henry ; and numer- ous additions were made in the 18th century. The Ducal Palace and the Grosse Markt, adjoining the Schloss- Platz, on the N.W., with the Schlosskirche, form the centre of the town. to Leipsic. DESSAU. 55. Route . 31 5 The Ducal Palace, consisting of a central edifice, with two wings, is situated on the hank of the Mulde. The main building, restored in 1872-74, and the E. wing were erected by Knobelsdorf of Berlin in 1748-51, but the W. wing is of earlier date. A suite of rooms on the ground-floor is fitted up in the taste of the 16th century. The Interior contains several hundred pictures. Those on the first floor, by Filippino Lippi , Borgognone, Santa Groce , Perugino , Garo/alo, and other Italian masters, are of no great importance. A number of the Nether- landish pictures, however, on the second floor, are excellent ( Asselyn , Jan Steen , Wynants, Netscher , Adr. van de Velde , and Lairesse ). On the third floor are several good modern works by Lessing , Triebel , Irmer , etc. and a few pieces of sculpture. — The so-called Gipskammer on the ground- floor contains a number of precious objects, antiquities, coins, and histo- rical relics, including the sword and stick of Prince Leopold, the ‘Old Dessauer^ (1676-1747) a famous Prussian general of the 18th cent., and Napoleons silver goblet and his plates captured near Belle Alliance, (r ee Z m.). A military band plays four times a week in the Schloss - Platz in front of the guard-house, at 12 o’clock, usually beginning with the Dessau March (‘ Qa done , pa done'), the favourite air of Prince Leopold. A statue to the prince, by Kiss, was erected in the Grosse Markt in 1860, on the model of that by Schadow in the Wilhelms-Platz at Berlin (p. 49). Opposite the palace, to the right, extend the promenades of the Lustgarten, at the end of which are situated the Ducal Stables . The Schlosskirche, which was erected at the beginning of the 16th cent., contains an Entombment and a Resurrection by Franz Schubert , a Dessau artist, and also some good pictures by Cranach, the finest of which is the Last Supper, with portraits of some of the chief promoters of the Reformation. Luther frequently preached in this church. Proceeding northwards from the Grosse Markt, we next reach the Kleine Markt, with the Rathhaus and a marble monument by H. Schubert, erected in 1867 to commemorate the fiftieth anniver- sary of the accession of Duke Leopold Frederick (d. 1871). No. 12 in the Zerbster-Strasse, a broad adjacent street, is the Am alien- Stiftung, for the reception of poor old women, founded by the daughter (d. 1793) of Prince Leopold. The Picture Gallery on the upper floor, numbering about 600 works ot no great merit, affords the visitor an excellent opportunity of becom- ing acquainted with the German painters of the 18th cent. ( Pesne Li- Dvck* 1 S /^ atz : etc 0- Among the really valuable works are :’ Van nf v a ’ 0 a P n ai of Maurice of Orange ; Honthorst , Portrait of Princess Amalia nicture\ aU ’^ ra ^ S / e ’T^' l* yUn *' Portrait group, 1666; SteenwyTc , Architectural Fr^s h/h^ P 0 ? 1 ^ Adr • T l 0stade ’ Pea sant at a window; Reiection Ha \ Roisterer s and ‘rommelpot’ players; Pieter Potter , Mier^eU PnSf ? 5 Aver ? a ™P' Village-feast; Lingelbach , Harbour-scene; hibition o/fi 1 0 ^ a lady T l Y- an G °y en i Landscape; G. Netscher , Ex- mtmion of jewels; Momper, Italian landscape. school cond^i«! f WaS + for f 6rly th 7 seat of the Philanthrope , a famous Salzmann anH nthi )r ^f* tj £ y Basedow (1774-93), where Campe, baizmann and other distinguished Germans were educated. A tle t0 the N - is the new Roman Catholic Church . by Statz. WORLITZ. 316 Route 55. The Poststrasse leads to the left to the small Neumarkt, planted with trees, which contains the Lutheran Church of St. John and is embellished with a statue of Duke Leopold Frederick Francis (1758-1817), by Kiss. — Farther on, in the grounds near the railway-station, rises a monument to the Anhalters who fell in 1870-71, by Spiess of Wiesbaden. About 1/2 M - t0 tlie of tlie station lies tlie Oeorgengarten (restaurant). The chateau contains upwards of a hundred pictures, chiefly copies, and a few sculptures. (Cab with one horse there and back l 1 /? m.) — The ducal chateau of Kuhnau , situated on a small lake in a fine park, 1 V 2 to tlie W * tlie Georgengarten, contains an extensive collection of objects illustrative of the natural and political history of Anhalt. About 41/2 M. to the W. of Dessau, on the Cothen railway (p. 310), lies the village of Mosigkau , with a Chateau erected m 1752 and now occupied by an Adlig-Fraulein-Stift (institution for ladies of the German noblesse), ^his building contains a valuable picture-gallery : .Ze- phyr and Flora; Snyders , Boar-hunt; Van Dyck, Life-size portrait of Prince Wniiam IL of Orange ’at the age’of two years; Th. Rombouts , Musical party; K. Dujardin , Herd of cattle; S. Koninck, Philosopher. Tl ^ e are also y works by Seghers , De Heem, Hondecoeter #on thorst, C. Netscher , Lair esse etc. (Cab with one horse there and back 41/2 m.) Diligence daily from Dessau eastwards to (8 M.) Oramenbaum (GoldneS Hornl the chateau of which contains a collection of all kinds of rococo mmament^an^ oth u ^ eg 1-3 m.) contains weapons, goblets, and a iarge collection p ^ some of which are very valuable. Among the works of the early Fiemish School an admirable Madonna by Memhng is 7 n , ote ^ 01 ’^ticuTar being German School is well represented, the Cranach's, m n g Jh! much better than the works usually wUh th iX ' ^Younger, best works by Ffetherlanders are portraits^ by J. Ravesteyn , Verspronck , Mierevelt , Bol, and Fetschei , a * good Vinckboons and Artois. The works of Abraham Snaplian ( lb41 “ a master of the l7th cent., who lived and died at Dessau, are to be met with tiquities (Apollo with the Muses, etc.), and the l y visited. ALTENBURG. 56. Route. 317 196M. Raguhn , 198 M. Jessnitz , both on the Mulde. At (203 M.) Bitterfeld the line unites with the line from Berlin to Leipsic (p. 310). ^223 M. (240 M. via Wittenberge) Leipsic, see p. 302. 56. From Leipsic to Nuremberg via Hof. 221 M. Saxon Railway. To Hof , 102 M., in 4-5V2 hrs. (fares 13 m. 50, 10 m. 10, 6 m. 80 ; express 16 m. 80, 12 m. 60 pf.). — Bavarian Railway from Hof to Nuremberg via Lichtenfels , in 5 3 /4-8 hrs. Leipsic , see p. 302. Departure from the Bavarian Station. 5 M. Gaschwitz, the junction for Zwenkau and Meuselwitz (see below); 13 M. Kieritzsch , the junction for Chemnitz (p. 297). 24 M. Altenburg. — Hotels. Hotel de Russie, R. & L. 2 l / 2 m. i B. 1 m., A. 50 pf. ; "Hotel de Saxe; Thuringer Hof; Bairischer Hof. Restaurants: Jungmann , Stadt Gotha , with gardens; Rathskeller. Confectioner and Cafe: Bottger , by the theatre. Altenburg (360 ft.), the residence of the Duke of Saxe-Alten- burg, with 22,200 inhab., is overlooked by the Schloss which rises picturesquely above the town upon a lofty porphyry rock. The older parts of the castle date from the 14th cent., the remainder from the 17th-19th. From this castle, in 1455, the knight Kunz von Kauffungen carried off the young princes Ernest and Albert, foun- ders of the present royal and ducal families of Saxony. In the interior, which has been handsomely restored of late, the throne- room and armoury are worthy of notice. The late-Gothic Schloss- kirche, erected in 1410-11, contains a handsome choir. Pleasant public walks in the Schlossgarten , on the E. side of the Schloss- berg. The Theatre , Landesbank , Gymnasium , and a number of handsome dwelling houses have been recently erected. The Rath- haus in the market, built in 1562, in a good German Renaissance style, has some richly decorated rooms. The Museum , near the station, contains the collections of na- tural history, antiquities, and art bequeathed to his country by the late minister B. v. Lindenau (d. 1853). Of special importance are the 166 Italian pictures of the 14th and 15th cent., amongst which may be mentioned: five paintings on wood by Luca Signorelli representing scenes from the Passion; No. 60. a Ma- donna of the school of Botticelli ; 73. and 90. Madonna with Angels, and Madonna Enthroned, by Giovanni di Paolo of Siena; 118. and 119. St. Helena, and St. Anthony, winged pictures by Perugino ; 8 tablets with allegorical figures, of the School of Pinturicchio ; 96. Madonna in a landscape, remains of a mural decoration, by Gentile Bellini. Also 76 copies from Raphael, Titian, etc., more than 300 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan vases, and a considerable collection of casts from the antique. The peasantry of the neighbourhood, who are of Wendish origin, wear a curious costume. From Altenburg to Zeitz (p. 320)’, 16 M., branch-line in 1 hr. via Meuselwitz (see above). 34 M. Gossnitz (junction for Chemnitz, p. 297, and Gera, p. 320), Crimmitzschau , (46 M.) Werdau , all manufacturing towns. From Werdau branch-lines diverge to Zwickau and Schwarzenberg on the E. (pp. 298, 299), and to Wiinschendorf and Weida on the W. (see p. 320.). 318 Route 56. PLAUEN. From Leipsie To the left, on a wooded height, rises the castle of Schonfels. 51 M. Neumark is another manufacturing place, whence a branch- line diverges to Zwickau. ^ ™ „ a From Neumark by a branch-line in 1/2 hr. (fares 1 m., 80, 50 pf.) to Greiz 0' Henning ; Lowe), the capital of the small principality of R ^ss- Greiz, charmingly situated in the valley of the Weisse Elster, and com- manded by an old castle. In the town are a modern palace and Rathhaus. The royal park fills the whole bed of the valley, and m order to avoid in- juring it a tunnel for the Gera railway was driven through the Greiz is also a station on the Gera and Weischlitz Railway (34 M.), which traverses the romantic *Elsterthal , passing numerous bridges and tunnels — From Greiz to Gera, 16 M., in P/2 hr., via Neumuhle, Berg a, Wiinschendorf , and Wolfsgefarth (p. 320). — The portion of the line between Greiz and Weischlitz, 18 M., is still more picturesque, passing the cha- teau of Dohlau , the ruins of Elsterberg and Liebau , the ravine, etc. The last two stations are (14 M.) Plauen (see below) and Kurbitz. lb M. WelS ^l) Z ^U/Re ichenbach (Lamm ; Deutscher Kaiser ; Blauer Engel ; *Rail. Restaur.), the junction for Dresden (R. 51), is a manufactur- ing place with 14,600 inhabitants. The train now crosses the pro- found Ooltzschthal by an imposing viaduct, 706 yds. in length, and at one point 285 ft. in height. Far below, to the left, is the small town of Mylau. Stations Netzschkau , with an old castle, and Herlasgrun. From Herlasgrun a branch-line diverges to Oelsnitz , via Treuen , Lengen- feld , Auerbach , Ind Falkenstein (p. 299), where it rejoins he mainline. Near Auerbach (carr. in hr.) lies Reiboldsgrun C2-50 ft.), spring in the midst of the forest, visited for its salubrious air. The train now crosses the Elsterthal by another handsome viaduot 72 M. Plauen (1340 ft. ; *DeiVs Hotel; Engel), a loftily situated manufacturing town on the Weisse Elster , with 28,700 inhab., the capital of the Yoigtland. The old castle of Radschin was anciently the seat of the Voigt (advocatus regni). At Plauen the lines to Hof and Eger divide . — To Eger, 118 M. — Stations Weischlitz , Oelsnitz (see above), Adorf (p. MV), Elster (*Hotel de Saxe, R. 4m., D. 27 2 m.), a frequented watering- place, Brambach , Voitersreuth, Franzensbad , and Eger (see Bae- dekers S. Germany and Austria). To Hof. Next stations Mehltheuer , Schonberg. s "; tL di cSui%?tL‘ wMci M.; S f J&2-A 53 of Ab a f w n iM ra to°the S S U w e ^f°Schl5z 0 ^alfway C, to 1 LSyensteiii, is fl aalinrg K^Ro-aa) 0 , rS wf oT a MU ^ towers and rampart. Pedestrians will find a walk through the valley of the baale to scuioss princes°of Reu^XnsSn ‘down to mV, anYhas ^ been s “ e | r » mucli 1 frequented? (I8V2 M.) Reuth, (21 M.) Hof, and (24 M.) Kronacb. to Nuremberg. LTCHTENFELS. 50. Route. 319 Beyond Reuth the line enters Bavaria. To the left are seen the blue outlines of the Fichtelgebirge. 102 M. Hof ( Hirsch ; Lamm; Goldener Lowe; Railway Restau- rant) is a Bavarian town on the Saale, with 18,200 inhabitants. Gothic Rathhaus of 1568. From Hof to Franzensbad , see Baedeker's S. Germany and Austria. From Hof to Lobenstein, 21 M., diligence once daily via Hirschberg (Goldene Hirscli) , on tlie Saale. From this point the following walk is recommended : down the valley of the river to Sparrnberg (1 hr.), a small town on the left bank, with a ruin; 1 1/4 hr. Blankenberg , on the right bank, with an old chateau; l /2 hr. Blanken stein , picturesquely situated on the left bank; 40 min. Harra; 20 min. Lemnitzhammer ; hr. Gottlieb ethal, on the high-road from Hirschberg to Lobenstein; thence via Waidmannsruh , a small shooting-lodge, to ( 2 V 2 hrs.) Saalburg (see above). Diligence from Hof once or twice daily to (14 M.) Steben , with chaly- beate springs, visited by 500-600 patients yearly (chiefly ladies). Stations Oberkotzau , Schwarzenbach , Markt-Schorgast. Cuttings, embankments , and dark ravines follow each other in rapid succes- sion. To the left in the distance is the monastery of Himmelkron , the church of which is pointed out by tradition as the burial-place of the Countess of Orlamunde (the ‘White Lady’, d. about 1300), from whom a branch of the Brandenburg family is descended. Stations Neuenmarkt (junction for Baireuth), Unter-Steinach , and (146 M.) Culmbach ( Hirsch ; *Rail. Restaurant ), a town celebrated for its beer, formerly the residence of the Margraves of Branden- burg-Culmbach , situated on the Weisse Main , and commanded by the Plassenburg , which is now used as a prison. The Petersberg , with a belvedere, lies 4 M. to the N.W. Near stat. Mainleus , at the foot of Schloss Steinhausen , the Weisse and Rothe Main unite to form the Main , the broad valley of which is now traversed. Beyond stat. Burgkunstadt the Main is crossed. Near stat. Hochstadt the Rodach falls into the Main. 165 M. Lichtenfels (Krone) is the junction of the Werra line (to Coburg and Eisenach, see R. 63). On a hill to the right are the extensive buildings of the celebrated old Benedictine abbey of Banz. On the hill opposite Banz, rises the richly decorated abbey- church of Vierzehnheiligen , the most frequented pilgrimage-shrine in Franconia, with frescoes by A. Palme. To the S., farther on, rise the precipitous limestone rocks of the Staffelberg , beyond which, on the opposite side, is the Veitsberg , with a chapel and ruined castle commanding a beautiful view. Bamberg , and thence to Nuremberg, see Baedeker s S. Germany. 57. From Leipsic to Bebra (Frankfort on the Main ) and Cassel. Thuringian Railway. 172 M. Railway. Express in 6 brs. (fares 25 m. 10, 18 m. 90, 13 m 10 pf.). Dinner-cars (D. 2 x /2 m.) accompany the trains on this line. — By Halle and Nordhausen , see R. 67. This line traverses one of the most picturesque districts in Cen- 320 Route 57, GERA. From Leipsic tral Germany. 4 M. Barneck , the junction for Zeitz, Gera, Saalfeld, and Eichicht. From Leipsic to Eichicht, 93 M., by railway in 5V2*6 l /2 brs. (fares 11 m. 80, 9 m. 5, 6 m. 10 pf.). The train follows the direction of the Elster. The first important place is — 271/2 M. Zeitz (Lowe; Heroics Hotel), an old town with cloth and other manufactories , situated on an eminence on the Weisse Elster , and an episcopal see from 968 to 1029. Pop. 16,500. The Moritzburg , erected in 1654 by the Dukes of Sachsen-Zeitz on the site of the old episcopal palace, is now a reformatory and poor-house. Gothic Abbey Church of the 15th cent, with Romanesque crypt of the 12th century. The Stiftsschule (Gym- nasium) has a library with a number of MSS. dating from the time of the Reformation. In the market-place is a Monument commemorating the war of 1870-71. The cemetery contains a monument erected by Fred. Wil- liam IV. to his teacher Delbriiclc (d. 1830). About D /2 M. to the S. of Zeitz lies Posa , formerly a Benedictine abbey, with ruins of the church, which was built in 1168. Zeitz is the junction of a line to Weissenfels (p. 321 ; 20 M., in 52 min.). Then through the Elsterthal to Wetterzeube, Crossen (branch-line to Eisenberg ), Kostritz (famous for its beer; near it Bad Kostritz , with warm sand and salt-baths), and — . 45 M. Gera (Reussischer Hof; Ross; Frommater ), the capital of the princi- pality of Reuss-jungerer-Linie, a busy manufacturing town with 20,800 inhab., on the Weisse Elster. The Johannis-Platz is adorned with a modern statue of Count Heinrich Posthumus (d. 1635). On the Hainberg, opposite the town, rises the chateau of Osterstein , the residence of the prince. Railway to Gossnitz (p. 317) in 3/ 4 hr. . to Weimar (p. 327) in 2 l /2 hrs. Beyond (49 M.) Wolfsgefdrth , junction for the line to Greiz and Plauen (p. 318), the Elster is quitted. 53 M. Weida (Ring), in the Duchy of Wei- mar, is 1/2 M. from the railway; the Osterburg is an old Schloss to the N.W. of the town (branch-line to Werdau , p. 317, in D /2 hr.). Stations Niederpollnitz , Triptis. . - 67 M. Neustadt on the Orla (Goldner Lowe), a manufacturing town in the Duchy of Weimar, with a handsome late-Gothic Rathhaus. About 4^2 M. distant is the Frohliche WiederJcunft, a shooting-lodge of the Duke of Alten- burg ; and 6 M. from Neustadt is Hummelshain, with a chateau and deer- park of the duke. Diligence three times daily from Neustadt to (1272 M.) Schleiz (p. 318). __ - 72 M. Oppurg, with a chateau of Prince Hohenlohe. 7b M. Posneck (Ritter; Hirsch), a town in the Duchy of Meiningen, with porcelain, flannel, and other manufactories; diligence once daily to Ziegenriick (Preuss. Hof), 11 M., and thence to Lobenstein (p. 318). To the left rises the pictur- esque castle of Ranis. 81 M. Konitz , with a chateau of the lbth cent.; 8372 M. Unter- Wellenborn, with large iron-works. 85 M. Saalfeld (-Hirsch; PreussischerHof ; MeiningerHof), an old town, with 6700 inhab., on the N.E. boundary of the Thuringian forest, pictur- esquely situated on the Saale , possessing sewing-machine and other manu- factories. Rathhaus in the market-place in the latest Gothic style, 1533-d/. Gothic Johanniskirche of the 14th cent, with good stained glass of 1514 in the choir. I 11 the suburb is the Schloss of the extinct dukes of Saalteld, erected in 1679. In the S.E. part of the town are the Kitzerstein, a chateau of the 16th cent., and the ruins of the Sorbenburg , which is said to have been erected by Charlemagne for protection against the pagan Slavs, l he termination of many of the names of places on the right bank 01 the Saale in itz indicate their Slavonic origin. — Railway from Saalfeld to Ru- dolstadt and Jena , see R. 58. Diligence from Saalfeld to Blankenburg (p. 344) twice daily. , . .. 93 M. Eichicht, a small village prettily situated at the confluence of the Loquitz and Saale , is a great depot of the slate-quarries in the neighbour- hood, and is at present the terminus of the railway. It is connected by an iron bridge with Caulsdorf, on the other bank of the Saale. 1 1 I 1 - gence twice daily to (4 M.) Leutenberg , and once daily thence to (14 M.) to Cassel. MERSEBURG. 57. Route. 321 Lobenstein (p. 318). Diligence from Lentenberg to (9 M.) Lehesten (Gold. Panzer), tbe centre of an important slate-qnarrying district. 9 M. Markranstedt ; 14 M. Kotschau. The salt-works of (16 M.) Durrenberg are passed, and the Saale crossed. 19 M. Corbetha is the junction for Halle (see below). Battle Fields. Three celebrated battles have been fought near Corbetha. At Rossbach , 5 M. to the W. , Frederick the Great with 22,000 Prussians signally defeated 60,000 French and their German allies under Soubise, on 5th Nov., 1757. — Near Liitzen , 5 M. to the E. , two battles were fought. In the first of these, on 6th Nov., 1632, Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, was mortally wounded, after having defeated the Impe- rial troops. A block of granite with a Gothic roof marks the spot. At Gross-Gdrschen , a little to the S. of Liitzen, a fierce but undecisive en- gagement was fought on 2nd May, 1813, by the allied Russians and Prus- sians against the French, in which the Prussian Gen. Scharnhorst was mortally wounded. On the previous day the French Marshal Bessieres had been killed in a skirmish near Liitzen. Merseburg (Sonne; Halber Mond), 6 M. from Corbetha, on the line towards Halle, an ancient town on ihz Saale, with 13,600 inhab., mentioned in history as early as the 9th cent., was a favourite residence of the emperors Henry I. and OthoL, and frequently the scene of imperial diets. It was an episcopal diocese from 968 to 1543. The * Cathedral, founded in the 10th cent., now consists of a choir of the 13th and late-Gothic nave of the 15th century. The choir contains the brazen monument of Rudolph of Swabia, who fell in 1080 in a battle with his rival Henry IV., a Crucifixion and Entomb- ment by L. Cranach (with a portrait of Luther among the soldiers), and a Marriage of St. Catharine in Albert Diirer’s style. The pulpit and screen are carved in the late-Gothic style. Fine organ. The Schloss of the 15th cent., partially restored in the 17th, once a residence of the Saxon princes, presents an imposing appearance with its numerous towers. Near the Keuschberg , in the vicinity, Emp. Henry I. gained a great victory over the Hungarians in 933. — A diligence runs once daily to the sulphur-baths of (7 M.) Lauchstddt. 25 M. Weissenfels (Schutze; Goldner Hirsch), on the Saale, which is crossed by a handsome bridge, a town with 16,900 inhab., possesses an old Schloss of the extinct Dukes of Weissenfels-Quer- furt. The body of Gustavus Adolphus was embalmed after the battle of Liitzen in a room at the Amtshaus. The Klemmberg , which rises above the Schloss, is a good point of view. — From Weissenfels to Zeitz ( Gera , Altenburg), see p. 320. On the slope to the right rises the chateau of Gosek , and to the left the lofty tower of the ruin Schonburg . The country becomes more hilly, and the vine is cultivated here with tolerable success. 33 M. Naumburg (*Sachs. Hof ; Richter s Hotel), an ancient town, mentioned as early as the 10th cent., with 16,300 inhab., at some distance from the station , is an important-looking and plea- santly situated place. The * Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (sa- cristan, Obere Linden-Str. 20), dating from the 13th cent., and probably consecrated in 1242, with pointed arches and vaulting, but round-arched windows , is built in the so-called Romanesque transition style. The two choirs are Gothic, that at the W. end dat- ing from 1245-72, and the other, to the E., from the 14th cent. ; below the latter is a spacious crypt. Curious sculptures of the 13th cent, on the pillars of the wall of the W. choir, representing the Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 21 322 Route 57. KOSEN. From Leipsic founders of the church. The N.W. tower is in the late-Gothic style. The whole was restored in 1878. The Stadtkirche , in the market, contains a small picture by Cranach the Elder, ‘Suffer little children to come unto Me’. The Burgergarten on the Galgenberg commands a fine view. Naumburg is the seat of the District Court of the Prussian province of Saxony. In the Court of Assises (Schwur- gerichts-Gebaude) is a fresco by Bendemann. Diligence daily from Naumburg to Freiburg on the Unstrut ( Goldner Ring; Jahn's Haus , restaurant), 5 M. to the N.W., which possesses a fine church, half Gothic and half Romanesque, dating from the 13th and 15th cent., with two towers connected by a kind of bridge. The ancient Schloss on the hill, with its Romanesque double chapel, was once an imperial re- sidence $ the tower is visible from the railway near Naumburg. Ludwig Jahn, the ‘father of gymnastics' 1 (p. 54), lived and died (1852) at Freiburg, where a monument was erected to him in 1859. Beyond Naumburg, to the left of the line, is the celebrated school of Schulpforte , established in 1543 in an old Cistercian monastery, where Klopstock , Fichte , and other celebrated men received the first rudiments of their education. The fine early-Gothic church was completed in 1268. The valley of the Saale from Naumburg to Suiza is very picturesque. 37Y 2 M. Kosen (*Kurzhals ; *Zum Muthigen Ritter - Preussischer Hof; Panne; Restaurant in the Kuchengarten , with picturesque view ; Bath Establishments of Dr. Groddeck and Dr. Wahn) is a pleasant little watering-place with salt-baths on the Saale, which is here crossed by an old bridge with pointed arches and the railway- bridge. On the right bank lie the station , the Cursaal , and the Kuchengarten, on the left the Evaporating Works. The Knabenberg, Gottersitz , and Himmelreich are among the prettiest points in the environs. A fine view is enjoyed from the conspicuous Wilhelms - burg Restaurant with the Fahnchen tower (20 min.). To the left on the hill, 2 M. from Kosen, rises the *Rudels- burg (Restaurant), where a monument has been erected to students who fell in 1870-71 (footpath from Kosen via the Katze, a restau- rant on the right bank, where there is a ferry ; to the castle 3 / 4 hr.). Farther on are the two lofty round towers of Saaleck , whence the pedestrian may descend to Gross-Heringen. 41 M. Gross-Heringen (Zur Saalbahn) 1 at the influx of the Ilm into the Saale, is the junction for Jena (see R. 58). From Gross-Heringen to Straussfurt, 33 M., a branch-line, passing near Auerstadt (see below). Straussfurt, see p. 359.*£< The train quits the Saale and approaches the Ilm. — 43 M. Suiza ( Grossherzog von Sachsen) , another small place with salt-baths. In a side-valley to the right lies Auerstadt. On the hill, about 3 M. from the station lies Hassenhausen, near which the battle of Jena, or Auerstadt, which proved so fatal to the Prussians, was fought on 14tli Oct. l«Ub. A monument marks the spot where the Duke of Brunswick was wounded. 49 M. Apolda (Post; Weintraube) is a busy place with stocking and other manufactories and bell foundries (12,400 inhab.). The train now crosses the Ilm. to Cassel. BEBRA. 57. Route. 323 59 M. Weimar, see p. 327. From Weimar to Gera, 42 M., by railway in 2 ! /2 hrs. (fares 8 m. 30, 4 m. 50, 3 m. 20 pf.). Stations Mellingen, 14 M. Jena (p. 324), Goschwitz (junction for Saalfeld and Gross-Heringen, p. 326)*, then Roda, Hermsdorf , Kraftsdorf , and (42 M.) Gera (p. 320). Beyond Weimar the country is Mlly. 67 M. Vieselbach. 72 M. Erfurt, see p. 330. Branch-line from Erfurt to Nordhausen , see R. 68. The train now approaches the N. slopes of the Thuringian Forest. 79 M. Dietendorf {Rail. Restaurant , D. 1^2 m.) is a well-built Moravian colony. — Railway to Arnstadt and llmenau , see p. 346. To the left, farther on, rise three picturesque castles situated on three isolated hills, called the Drei Gleichen; viz. the Wachsen- burg (1415 ft.), the property of the Duke of Coburg-Gotha , still preserved (Restaurant) , the Muhlberg , and the Gleichen , both in ruins. Schloss Molsdorf , 3 M. to the E. of Dietendorf, is a seat of the Duke of Coburg. Siebleben , to the right among trees, as Gotha is approached , is the summer-residence of Gustav Freytag , the ta- lented author of ‘Debit and Credit’ and other works. The train skirts the Seeberg (p. 334). 89 M. Gotha, see R. 61. Branch-lines to Leinefelde (p. 356) and Ohrdruf (p. 352). Beyond Gotha a fine view is obtained of the wooded mountains of Thuringia, among which the Inselsberg is most conspicuous. In the foreground stands the chateau of Tenneberg (p. 351). 96 M. Frottstedt ; branch-line to W alter shausen, see p. 351. The railway now follows the course of the Horsel. On the right, extending nearly as far as Eisenach, rises the long, deeply furrowed ridge of the Horselberg (1575 ft.). Here according to popular tra- dition is situated the Cave of Venus, into which she enticed the knight Tannhauser. The ascent is best accomplished from Wutha by Schonau and the Zapfengrund ; line view from the top. From (104 M.) Wutha a diligence runs twice daily to (5^2 M.) Ruhla (p. 349 ; railway in progress). 107 M. Eisenach, see R. 62. From Eisenach to Coburg , see It. 63. The train follows the course of the Horsel (view of the Wartburg on the left) to its union with the Werra. 115 M. Herleshausen. In the distance, on the left bank, are visible the ruins of the Branden- burg , once the seat of the counts of that name. 122^ M. Ger- stungen ; 127y 2 M. Hbnebach. The train now passes through a long tunnel, beyond which it quits the valley of the Werra, and enters that of the Fulda. 135 M. Bebra {Rail. Restaurant ; Hotel Schliiter, near the sta- tion), is the junction of the railway from Gottingen to Frankfort via Fulda (R. 72). 139 M. Rotenburg , once the residence of the landgraves of Hessen - Rotenburg ; 144 M. Heinebach ; 146 1 / 2 M. Alt - Morschen ; 1 49 1/ 2 M. Beiseforth ; 151 M. Malsfeld , the junction for Niederhone 21 * 324 Route 58. JENA. From Gross- Herinyen and Treysa (p. 382); 155 M. Melsungen , an old town on the left bank of the Fulda. At (160y 2 M.) Guckshagen , near Melsungen, a beautiful view of the picturesque town , situated on both hanks of the Fulda , and the extensive Benedictine abbey of Breitenau (founded in 1120, now suppressed) is disclosed. 162 M. Guntershausen (p. 377) is the junction for Giessen and Frankfort. 169 M. Wilhelmshohe. 172 M. Cassel, see p. 93. 58. From Gross-Heringen to Jena and Saalfeld. Railway to (16 M.) Jena in 1 hr. (fares 2 m. 10, 1 m. 60, 1 m. 10 pf.R to (47 M.) Saalfeld in 23/4-3 hrs. (fares 6 m. 10, 4 m. 70, 3 m. 20 pf.). Gross-Heringen , see p. 322. The line ascends the pretty valley of the Saale to (5 M.) Camburg (*Erbprinz). 10 M. Dornburg, situated on a lofty rock, possesses three Cas- tles. The oldest was an imperial residence as early as the time of Otho I. ; that in the centre was built by Duke Ernest Augustus, and the third was occupied by Goethe for several months in 1828. Fine views from the garden-terraces. Key kept by the gardener at the S. castle (^Restaurant). Adjacent is the Schiesshaus , with a restaurant. At the foot of the rocks lies Dorndorf (Zum blauen Schild), whence a pretty walk may be taken to the ‘Hohe Leeden’, on the Saale , opposite Dornburg , affording a good view of the castles, especially in the morning. — To the right, between Dorn- burg and Jena, lies Zwatzen , an old commandery of the Teutonic Order, now occupied by a school of agriculture. Opposite, on a steep hill on the right bank of the Saale, rises the ruined Kunitzburg. 16 M. Jena (*Bar; *Deutsches Haus ; Sonne ; Adler , all unpre- tending ; Restaurants Burgkeller , Rose , Furstenkeller , etc. ; the sta- tion of the Saale railway is 1 M. from that of the Weimar line), a town of Weimar with 9200 inhab., celebrated for its university, which was founded in 1548 and attained a high repute about the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, is very pleasantly situated at the confluence of the Saale and Leutra. Many of the streets contain memorial tablets to illustrious men who were once students at the university ; thus to Arndt, Fichte, and Schiller in the Leutragasse ; to the last also in the Schlossgasse and the Jener- gasse. Goethe’s lodgings in the Schlossgasse and in the Botanical Garden are also pointed out. The Market Place is embellished with a * Statue of John Fre- derick the Generous (d. 1557), the founder of the university. The choir of the Stadtkirche (15th cent.) contains a figure of Luther in relief, originally destined for his tomb at Wittenberg, but placed here in 1572. Goethe frequently resided at the Schloss , where he composed his ‘Hermann and Dorothea’. This building, which was formerly the residence of the Dukes of Saxe- Jena, now contains most of the university collections, amongst which that of coins is the most valuable. to Saalfeld. JENA. 58. Route. 325 In the pleasant promenades surrounding the town is a monument to Schulze (d. 18G0), an eminent political economist and agricul- turist. In the vicinity is the University Library , containing 180,000 vols. and some early Flemish hymn-hooks with miniatures. Farther on in the Fiirstengraben are the monument of the naturalist Oken (d. 1851), by Drake, a bust of the philosopher Fries (d. 1843), and others. The Botanical Garden is open daily. The garden of the Observatory on the S. side of the town con- tains a bust of Schiller by Dannecker, on the spot where the poet wrote his ‘Wallenstein’ in 1798. The house through which the gar- den is entered be&rs a memorial tablet. On the Weimar road rises the Thuringian District Court , built in 1879. The large Lunatic Asylum , conspicuously situated on a hill above the town, was erected in the same year. The ‘Tanne Inn’ at Camsdorf , on the opposite bank of the Saale, bears an inscription to the effect that Goethe once resided there. The Environs of Jena , where the peculiar stratification of the rock is an object of interest (at the bottom of the valley is sand, above it gypsum, then red clay, and finally limestone), afford a number of pleasant excur- sions. On the left bank of the Saale a double avenue of trees, the ‘Pa- radies" 1 , leading from the river to the station, affords a pleasant view. On the Hausberg to the E. rises the Fuchsthurm , a remnant of the castle of Kirchberg, generally open in summer (10 pf.), reached from the village of Ziegenhain (where the key is kept), or from Camsdorf in 3 / 4 hr. — Near RUDOLSTADT. 326 Houle 58. Wollnitz on the Saale, 2 M. above Jena, rises the Sophienhohe , a fine point of view, opposite to it lies Lichtenhain, which, like Ziegenhain and Woll- nitz, is a favourite resort of the students. — The Forsthaus (Restaurant), 2 M.’ to the W., is another picturesque spot; the tower at the top was built in memory of the Jena students who fell in 1870-71. The Battle of Jena was fought on 14th Oct. 1806, a little to the N. of the town, where Napoleon, with his superior generalship, and an army of 130,000 men, of whom about 80,000 were actually brought into the field, signally defeated 48,000 Prussians under Duke William of Brunswick. The battle raged most fiercely at Vierzehnheiligen , 5 M. from Jena, on the way to Apolda, about */2 M. to the right of the road. At the same time the rest of the Prussian army was engaged at the battle of Auerstadt (comp. p. 322). , . , The small town of Biirgel , 9 M. to the N.E. of Jena, contains the in- teresting remains of a Romanesque church of 1133-42. From Jena to Weimar and Gera , see p. 323; station, see p. 324. Beyond Jena the line follows the left bank of the Saale. To the left, on the opposite bank, lies Lobeda , above which rise the ruins of the Lobdaburg , 3 M. from Jena. 20 M. Goschwitz , junction for Weimar and Gera, p. 323 ; 22 M. Rothenstein. 26 M. Kahla (Goldener Lowe ), a small town in the Duchy of Altenburg, is still surrounded by ancient walls. Opposite to it rises the old fortress of * Leuchtenburg , a good point of view, originally erected, like all the other castles on the Saale, for protection against the Slavs (now a hotel and pension). — 30 M. Orlamitnde , at the confluence of the Saale and the Orla , once the seat of the powerful counts of that name. The well-known spectre of the White Lady, which is said to appear at the palace of Berlin as the harbinger of the death of the king, is supposed to have been a Countess of Orla- miinde (comp. p. 24). 35 M. Uhlstadt. 40 M. Rudolstadt ( *Ritter , R. and A. 2l / 2 m. ; *Lowe; *Deut - seller Kaiser, unpretending ; * Adler; *Radtke , V 4 M. from the town, with a garden and baths), the capital of the principality of Schwarz- burg-Rudolstadt, is charmingly situated on the Saale. Pop. 8000. On a height (200 ft.) rises the castle of Heidecksburg , the resi- dence of the prince, containing a handsome rococo hall and several pictures. Pretty views from the W. portal and the garden. The Ludwigsburg in the town contains a cabinet of natural history, in- cluding a valuable collection of shells. Schiller’s visit to Rudol- stadt in 1788 is commemorated by various tablets. The Anger , near the station, is a favourite resort on fine summer-evenings (band 2—3 times weekly). About 41/2 M. to the W. of Rudolstadt is the famous school of Keil- hau , founded by Frdbel in 1817. The Baropthurm , 1 M. to the W., built in 1878 , commands an admirable view (key kept at Keilhau). On tlie high-road, P/ 2 M. above Rudolstadt, lies Volkstedl , in the first house of which Schiller resided in 1788. The Schillerhohe on the opposite bank of the Saale, adorned with a copy of his bust by Dannecker, commands a fine view. Diligence from Rudolstadt twice daily via Schwarza (see below) to (6 M.) Blankenburg (p. 344). . 43 M. Schwarza , the station for visitors to the bchwarzatlial (p. 344; omnibus to Blankenburg or the Chrysopras 70 pf. ; two- 24 *. Herders Wohnh ? 25 . Wiehmds . 26 . Schillers 27 . (rathe’s 28 . 660ms Garten it Garbenlutus D enkmftler ( S tatuen] 29 . herder's 30 . GoBiesttSchiHer's 31 iWielands 31 ? Carl August 32 . Tempclhermlums 33 . EiinstlJhuvie 31 *. Mouse 3 5 . BomischesHmus l.Erbprins. B.C.l Z.Euss.JTof 3. Elephant B.l -Adder b. Hotel Ziegler B,t Wagner ^^CeEeT^eTpzi?* Gt oss mutt er 6. Kesidenzstddoss C.l* 7 . Bastille C.4? 8 . Bathesugelbes SchlossL.L 9 . Furs tenhaus C.4 10. Wctffncms JPedais B.l ll.BaoBihaus B.4 \Z.Biblwfhrh C.4 1 3 . Lesemusaim B.l 14. Theater A.K.l* 16. Hunstsckuh B.6 L7. Post JL3 Hi. Rani B.5 1 10. Stadtkirche B.4 20. Jaeohshcrchhofw. Bofkirche B.3 21. Griech.Huehe C.5 Axif (LFrieihof : 2 2. Furstengruft B.6 B 6. Museum . WEIMAR. 59. Route. 327 horse carr. to Schwarzburg 9-10 m. and fee). The Schwedenschanze , near the station, is a fine point of view (*Inn). Beyond Schwarza the train crosses the Saale. To the left is the battle-field of 10th Oct. 1806, where Lannes and Augereau with 30,000 men defeated 11,000 Prussians and Saxons under Prince Lewis Ferdinand of Prussia. Between Saalfeld and Schwarza, a monument has been erected to the prince on the spot where he fell. 47 M. Saalfeld, where the line joins the Leipsic and Eichicht railway, see p. 320. 59. Weimar. Hotels. *Erbprinz (PI. 1 ; B, C, 4) ; *Russischer Hof (PI. 2, A, 4) ; R. at both 3 m., L. 50 pf., B. 1, D. 2^.; Seeberg’s Hotel zum Elephant (PI. 3; B, 4)* Ziegler’s Hotel (PL 5; B, 4); Adler (PI. 4; B, 4); Derpsch, with restaurant, near the station. Rooms may also be obtained at the station. Restaurants. Stadthaus , in the market-place ; * Werther, Theater-Platz, — * Isleib , confectioner, Schloss-Platz. — Wine at Freund's , corner of the Schiller-Str. and Frauen-Str. Conveyances. Omnibus to the town (1 M. from the station) 25 pf. \ cab for 1 pers. 50, 2 pers. 75 pf., 3 pers. 1 m. Diligence to Berka, Blankenhain, Ilmenau, etc. Theatre. Operas on Sundays and Thursdays*, plays on Wednesdays and Saturdays. English Church in the Biirger-Schule $ service at 11.30 a.m. and 3.30 p.m.; chaplain, Rev. Dr. Beckett , Belvedere Allee 14. Weimar (670 ft.), the capital of the grand-duchy of Saxe- Wei- mar, with 17,500 inhab., an irregularly built old town with modern suburbs , pleasantly situated on the Ilm , derives its principal in- terest from the literary associations connected with it. By the in- vitation of Duke Charles Augustus (d. 1828), a liberal patron of literature , Goethe resided here in an official capacity (latterly as minister) during 56 years till his death in 1832. His contemporaries Herder and Wieland also held appointments here under the Duke, during whose reign Weimar was visited by many other celebrated men of letters. In 1789 Schiller , at Goethe’s request, was appoint- ed a professor at the neighbouring university of Jena, but he re- signed in 1801 and retired to Weimar, where he died in 1805. — Weimar is now the seat of a school of art, founded in 1860, of which the most prominent members have been Genelli (d. 1868), Preller (d. 1877), Pauwels, Verlat , and Kalkreuth. The wide Sophien-Strasse leads from the station into the town, a few hundred yards distant. On the right, about halfway, stand a War Monument , by Hartel. The :i: Museum (PI. 15), a conspicuous red and yellow sandstone edifice in the Renaissance style, at the beginning of the town, is adorned with fourteen figures on the chief facade, emblematical of the different branches of ancient and modern art (open from May to Sept, daily, except Mon., 10-4; on Sun. and holidays 11-4; from Oct. to April on Sun. and holidays 11-3, and Wed. and Sat. 10-3). 328 Route 59. WEIMAR. Stadt-Kirche. Ground Floor. Sculptures, chiefly casts from antique and Renaissance works. Frieze in relief in three sections by Bartel of Dresden, represent- ing the Education of the youth of Germany, the Battle of Arminius, and the Walhalla. Smaller objects of art, carvings in ivory, glass vessels, Ja- panese lacquer-work. A niche in the staircase contains Steinhauser's co- lossal group of Goethe and Psyche in marble. First Floor. The W. saloon, lighted from above, and the three smaller rooms adjoining it contain oil-paintings of no great value, with the excep- tion of Nos. 62-67. by Lucas Cranach , a portrait by Van der Heist , and a landscape by Ruysdael. — The N. (or Preller) Gallery contains a cycle of --Mural Paintings from the Odyssey by Preller (d. 1877), representing the fortunes of Odysseus from his departure from Troy till his return to Ithaca. The large landscape paintings depict the most important events in his wanderings and return; the pictures on the base (red figures on a black ground, like those on Greek vases) represent scenes at Ithaca before and after his return. They are painted in wax-colours, and rank among the best modern works of art, while their arrangement is very skilfully adapted to the architectural construction of the room. — The E. saloon, lighted from above, with the rooms adjoining it, contains celebrated modern drawings by Carstens , Cornelius , Genelli , Schwind , and others. The cycle of water-colour drawings, illustrating the ‘Fable of the Seven Ravens 1 , painted in 1857, is also by Schwind. — The S. gallery contains engravings, etchings, woodcuts, models, and a small library; the walls are hung with cartoons by Neher, Carracci , and Guido Reni. In the centre of the town, in an open square called the Herder- Platz, rises the Stadt-Kirche, built in 1440 (PI. 19; B, 4). It possesses one of Cranach's largest and finest pictures, a • Crucifixion, containing portraits of Luther and Melanchthon, and the artist and his ^famBw. Herder (d. 1803) reposes in the nave of this church, beneath a sirnd^e slab, bearing his motto ‘ Licht , Liebe , Leben\ The life-size stone figure of L. Cranach (d. 1553), ‘ pictoris celeberrimi' , has been brought here from the churchyard of St. Jacob and recently restored. The brass which marks the grave of Duke Bernard (see below) is the most interesting of the numerous monuments to princes of Weimar interred here. In front of the church, to theS., stands a Bronze Statue of Herder (PL 29) designed by Schaller, erected in 1850 by ‘Germans from all countries’; the inscription, ‘Licht, Liebe, Lehen’, was the poet s favourite motto. Behind the church is the Parsonage (PL 24), oc- cupied by Herder from 1776 till his death. To the E. of the Stadtkirche rises the grand -ducal * Palace (Pl. 6), erected on the foundation of an older edifice in 1790-1803, partially under Goethe’s superintendence. The Interior (the intendant lives in the court-yard, in the corner to the right; fee P /2 m.) is decorated with Frescoes: in the Herder- zimmer 1 symbolical figures of that scholar’s various spheres of activity, by Jager: in the Schillerzimmer scenes from Fiesco, Don Carlos, Wallen- stein, Mary Stuart, etc., by Neher ; in the Goethezimmer scenes from Egmont, Faust, Hermann and Dorothea, etc., by Neher ; in the Wieland- zimmer Oberon, etc., by Preller. The Apartment of the Grand-Duchess (accessible in her absence only) contains the original -Cartoons (apostles) of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper; the Grand-Duke’s Room is adorned with modern pictures by Ary Scheffer , Wislicenus , etc.; in the Drawing- rooms are landscapes by Preller; the Berniiard’s-Zimmer contains the armour of Duke Bernhard (d. 1639), the hero of the Thirty Years War. An equestrian statue of Charles Augustus , designed by Donn- dorf of Weimar, was unveiled in the neighbouring Fursten-Platz (Pl. C, 4), in 1875 ; it represents the Grand Duke in the general’s uniform of his time, crowned with a wreath of laurels. Cemetery. WEIMAR. 59. Route. 329 The grand-ducal ^Library (PL 12), established in the ‘Griine Schloss’ adjacent to the Fiirstenhaus (PL 9), is open to the public daily 9-12 and 2-4, except in June, and the Christmas and Easter vacations (fee 1 m.). It contains 170,000 vols. and 8000 maps, amongst which are two of the most celebrated old maps of the 16th cent., drawn on a large scale upon parchment, and 4-500 old genealogical works. — The principal room is decorated with a number of interesting busts and portraits of celebrated men and women, most of whom have resided at Weimar, in- cluding portraits of members of the grand-ducal family, such as the Duchess Anna Amalia (d. 1807), portrait and bust of her son Charles Augustus , and several of Goethe; marble bust of Goethe over life-size by David d -1 Angers (1831), another marble "Bust by Trippel of 1788, representing his Apollo- like head; bust of Schiller by Dannecker, that of Herder by Trippel, also those of TiecTc , Wieland , Winckelmann , Gluck , etc. — Luther's monastic gown, the belt of Gustavus Adolphus , Goethe's court -uniform and dressing- gown, and other historical and literary curiosities are also shown. The Cabinet of Coins and Medals is a valuable collection. — The spiral stair- case of 64 steps in the tower was constructed by a prisoner in 1671 out of the stem of a gigantic oak. In the market-place is the handsome modern Gothic Rathhaus (Pl. 11 ; B, 4), which contains busts of Schiller, Goethe, Wieland, and Herder, and a statue of Goethe by Hiitter. The opposite house, now a bookseller’s shop, was once occupied by the painter Lucas Cranach , as his device (winged serpent with crown) still indicates. Schiller’s House (Pl. 26 ; B, 4) in the Schiller-Strasse, which has been purchased by the town, contains a few reminiscences* of the poet (shown daily, 8-12, and 2-6 ; fee optional). In front of the Theatre (Pl. B, 4) rises the *Goethe -Schiller Monument (Pl. 30), erected in 1857, in bronze, designed by Riet- schel. The illustrious pair are united in a happily conceived group. — To the N.W. of the monument, in the same Platz, is Wieland' s House (Pl. 25). Goethe’s House (Pl. 27) in the Goethe-Platz, in the S. quarter of the town, opposite the fountain, is not accessible. His collections are shown on Fridays in summer, 9-12 o’clock. Farther on, near the former Frauenthor, is Wieland’ s Monument (Pl. 31 ; B, 5), by Gasser, erected in 1857. The new ^Cemetery (Pl. B, 6), on the S. side of the town, con- tains the Grand Ducal Vault (Pl. 22; open in summer daily 11-12 and 2-5 ; the custodian lives at Mostgasse 3, near the palace ; fee 1 m.), in which Schiller (d. 1805) and Goethe (d. 1832) are interred in coffins of oak covered with laurel wreaths, beside the ancestors of the reigning Duke, beginning with Duke William (d. 1662). Dukes Charles Augustus (d. 1828) and Charles Frederick (d. 1853) and their consorts also repose here. By the W. wall, near the ducal vault, are memorial-stones to the eminent composer Hummel (d. 1837) and the philanthropist and satirist Johannes Falk (d. 1826). Adjoining the ducal vault is the small, but richly decorated Russian- Greek Chapel (Pl. 23), beneath which the grand-duchess Maria Pau - lowna (d. 1859) is interred. 330 Route 60. ERFURT. To the left of the cemetery is the Grand-Ducal School of Art (Kunstschule, Pl. 16; p. 827), with a permanent exhibition (11-2). Dr. Schwabe , Wilhelms- Allee B 120, possesses a collection of Early German and Mediseval Antiquities, ethnographical curiosities, etc., to which visitors are kindly admitted. The *Park (PI. C, D, 5, 6) lies to the S. E. , on the charming hanks of the Ilm, where Goethe once occupied a modest summer- abode, called the Romische Haus (PI. 35). On the way to it we pass a pavilion called the Tempelherrenhaus (PI. 32). At the extremity of the park is the village of Ober- Weimar. On an eminence beyond rises the Belvedere chateau (PI. B, C, 6), built in 1724-32, with hot- houses and pleasure-grounds, connected with Weimar by a fine old avenue (Restaurant and pretty view). The chateau and park of Tiefurt, on the Ilm, 2 M. E. of Weimar, are also pleasantly situated. At the village of Ossmannstedt on the Ilm, larther distant in the same direction, Wieland (d. 1813) is interred in the garden of his former estate, by the side of his wife (d. 1801) and his friend Sophia Brentano (d. 1800). , , . , *Ettersburg , 41/2 M. N. of Weimar, the grand-ducal summer residence, also abounds in reminiscences of the golden era of Weimar. An amateur company, including members of the ducal family, frequently perform e here in the open air , the trees , shrubs , meadows , and fountains con- stituting the scenery and decorations. Plays of Goethe were frequently thus^acted^r Qf interegt in the vicinity is the Herdersruhe , at the foot of the Ettersberg , a favourite resort of Herder. Berka ( Kurhaus ; Deutscher Kaiser ; Tanne ), a small town and watering- place on the Ilm, U /2 M. to the S. of Weimar, with pine-cone, sand, and cold water baths, and charming walks in the environs, communicates with Weimar by diligence three times daily. Pleasant walk along the Ilm bv Hetschburg to Buchfahrt , where the ‘ Grafenschloss is situated. The ‘Schloss' consists of chambers excavated in the face of perpendicular rocks, of unknown origin, and accessible by ladders only. At Berka the road divides into two arms, both, however, leading to Rudolstadt (p. 326; diligence once daily by each route). About 31/2 »• to the E. lies Blankenhain (1320 ft. ; Bar ; Mohr; Lmdenhaus ), a favourite summer -retreat and small watering-place. The old Schloss Gleichen is now a hospital and lunatic asylum. 60. Erfurt. Hotels. *Silber (PI. a; D, 5), at the station, R., L., & B 2-3 m. A 50 pf.; *Romischer Kaiser (Pl.b; D, 3); -Weisses Ross (PL c, D 3) , Preussisciier Hof (PI. d; D, 3); TIiuringer Hof (PI. e; B, 4), unpre- 1 6 11 ^Restaurants! ^Iteiniger , with garden, in tliePrediger - keller below the new Rathhaus. — Winkler , cafe and confectioner s, m the Anger; Wiener Caft, opposite the post-office; Stolze , confectioner, in the pretty Hirschgarten. . n „ a ^ Cab for 1-2 pers. 50, 3 pers. 75 pf. ; per hour, 1-2 pers., 1 m. Erfurt (657 ft.), a very ancient town on the Gera , with 50,000 inhab. and a garrison of 3500 soldiers, was a fortress down to 1»73, but the works are now being removed. The town existed in the form of a fortified agricultural settlement as early as the time of bt. Boni- face, the English apostle of this district. It afterwards belonged to the Hanseatic League, and reached the height of its prosperity about (rasthofe 1>.5 c Hei 3 )- “ e; B, C, 3), nnpre- Coburg (PI. c; D, 4), also a £5 f ’ at t h e station, second-class, tending ; Thuringer Hof; Ho b thea tre • CaU National , Carolinen-Platz ; B j-ssa.'«s*K mac*. <— »-•>■ «-• .»« » ■ *> ■»“ ‘ box 20 pf. - Hotel months of the year only. Theatre. Performances during tne nrsh iu Saxe- Gotha (961 ft.), the second residence of the Duke of baxe rrc “x'S a « ( rt ™.> (PI. 29), containing several good modern pictu^^ (t Farther on is th e Palais /J ext(Msive hothouses; then posite to it the Orangen- Garten with its ex the the Post Office, formerly a fire-insurance office (PI. 4), 1 J PrivatbaJLd Theatre (PI. 27) all f ^s^ne obelisk to the Opposite the theatre, to the right, n®«n Istoi the theatre is a monument (PI. A > J founder of the large insurance offices of Gotha. 1 JL rnohh'lfenhniaL / i HdhnJwf 3 Caserne- C. 8. D. 6 A. 3 VSJUarstcin • . 16 Tumhalle 17 Orangeriegarten/ 18 Mmisteruaiv ( Winter J?aLods ). BJk iS The.eschl6sscherL. C.4. iftTehyrapii^ B.i?. iTUieater C.3. ochimschttle (Zicc. ) 29 EerzogL. Palais B-5. &asttu>fe : a JKins&ersJrSteC C.3. 1> Deutsche&Hccus C.3. C Staxtb Coburg B.t. CLRLese "B.3. e Prophet/ B.C.3. BA B ^*g, ° H®-ter 'Wagn.er & Debes Leipzig- GOTHA. 61. Route. 333 The Abbey Church (PL 9 ; B, 4) contains a large Crucifixion by Jacobs , a native of Gotha (1802-66), to whom a monument has been erected in the Berg-Allee. The Tochterschule (PL 28), or girls’ school , at the corner of the market-place, was once the property of the painter Lucas Cranach , and still bears his device, a winged serpent with a crown. On a slight eminence rises the very extensive Friedenstein Pal- ace (Pl. 22; B, C, 4), which contains the ducal Library and Cabi- net of Coins. The Library, open daily 11-1, contains 200,000 vols., numerous Incuna- bula, MSS., miniatures, and autographs (letter of Henry VIII. of England against Luther). — The Cabinet of Coins, 75,000 in number, is well pro- vided with Greek specimens. On the terrace to the S. rises the new *Museum (Pl. C, 5), built in 1879 by Neumann of Vienna, which contains the collections formerly in the Friedenstein Palace. Open from 1st April to 31st Oct. on Tues., Frid., and Sat. 10-1, 50 pf. ; Sun., second floor, 9-1, gratis; Wed., first floor, 9-1, free, and second floor, 3-6, 1 m. It is closed on Mon. and Thurs., but admittance may usually be obtained for a fee of 5 m. for two persons. Ground Floor. To the left is the Collection of Casts of ancient and modern sculptures; to the right the Mineral Cabinet , with numerous fossils. First Floor. The Natural History Cabinet on this floor includes valu- able collections of shells (17,500 varieties) and butterflies. Second Floor. The four inner rooms are devoted to the "Picture Gallery. — Room I.: Netherlandish Masters. 22. Van Dyck , Lady and child; 3. Early Netherlandish School , Philip the Good of Burgundy ; 50. Van Dyck (?), Isabella Brant, Rubens’s first wife; 55. A. Cuyp , View of Nymwegen ; 64. Rembrandt , Abraham’s sacrifice; ol, 71. Rembrandt, Por- trait, Study of a head (1629); 83-86. Rubens, Four saints, coloured sketches for ceiling-paintings; 95. Van Dyck , Portrait of himself; 81, 94. Fr. Hals , Portraits; 34. Van der Heist, Portrait. — Room II. : Netherlandish School. 174, 177. Jan van Goyen , Views of Nymwegen and of Fort Lillo at Ant- werp; 208. A. van Ostade , Tavern; 24. J. Brueghel , Landscape; 246. Tli. de Keyser , Family scene ; 265. Fr. Mieris , Girl with fruit ; 242. De Hulst , Coast-scene ; 272. Terburg , Genre scene ; 298. J. Le Ducq , A soldier’s life ; 221. De Heem , 155. Van Os, Still-life; 257. Jan Steen, Inn; 284. A. v. d. Neer , Evening scene; 271. Huchtenburgh , The Pont Neuf in Paris; Ger. Dou, Woman spinning. — Room III.: German School. Large screen with scenes from the New Testament, by a German master of the 16th cent. ; 323, 324. B. Denner , Two heads ; 326. Elshaimer , Genre scene ; 327. Portrait of Countess Agnes von Mannsfeld, wife of Gebhard of Cologne ; 330. H. Hofmann (after Diirer ) , Portrait of H. Holzschuher; 320. H. Holbein (?), Portrait of Hieronymus Sulzer; 317, 318. B. de Bruyn, Portraits; numerous works by Cranach , who long resided at Gotha, and of his school; 421. Tischbein , Conradin of Swabia hearing his sentence of death while playing chess with Frederick of Austria; 437. Graff , Portrait of Eckhof; 316. G. Pencz , Portrait. — Room IV. : French and Italian Masters. 497. Tintoretto, Josias von Waldeck ; 539. Balducci , Madonna and two saints ; 545. J. Vernet , Landscape; 500. Velazquez , Portrait; 532. Andrea del Sarto, Study of two heads; 501. Florentine Master (drawing by Michael Angelo), Holy Family; 584. Liotard, Prince Frederick of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (crayon). — Sculp- tures in marble by E. Muller. The outer rooms contain the Cabinet of Engravings (50,000), com- prising a number of the oldest Italian and German specimens. Among the Drawings is an Entombment by Raphael. 334 Route 61. GOTHA, On the N. and W. sides is the Cabinet of Art and Antiquities. — Room I. Egyptian antiquities. — R. II. Small hut instructive collection of Graeco-Italian vases and terracottas ; Roman busts ; landscapes by Voogd and Reinhardt. — R. III. Germanic and Scandinavian antiquities ; Roman works in bronze and marble; view of the Nemi-See, by Von Roden. — R IV. Objects in gold, silver, enamel, and precious stones, cups, and dishes of the 16-18th cent.-, baptismal basin and ewer of the German Renaissance; field service of Peter the Great; landscapes by Herzog and Leu • Venus, by E. Jacobs. — V. Bijoux of all kinds, including a costly br&viary and a necklace of the 16th cent. ; filigree work ; miniatures of Spinoza, Raphael Mengs, Marie Antoinette, and others. By the window is a rich collection of antique and modern gems, the finest of which are an oriental garnet with a portrait of the Sassanide emperor Shapoor I., and an antique onyx-cameo with Jupiter and Ceres. Landscapes by Hackert The cases in the loggia contain the ducal silver plate. — R. VI. Bottler's porcelain (see p. 301), Italian majolica, German earthenware, Meissen and Sevres china, German and Venetian glass; in the middle, Limoges and other enamel; the Wild Huntsman, after Spang enberg. — vil. Mediseval carvings in ivory (hunting-horn and casket of the 14th cent) wood (Adam and Eve, by Diirer; draught-board of Charles V.), and metal ; Gospels of the 10th cent, with portraits of Otho II. and Em- press Theophano ; garments of 13th and 15th centuries ; reminiscences of Napoleon, Marie Antoinette, etc. On the E. and S. sides are Weapons and Clothing of Asiatic and Polynesian Nations, and a rich collection of Chinese and Japanese On the W., S., and E. sides of the palace are extensive Prome- nades. In a grove on the E. side is the Thee- S chid sschen, resembling a chapel and beyond the ducal stables is a statue of Blumenhach the naturalist, a native of Gotha (1752-1840). To the S. of the palace , beyond the terrace of the Museum , is the *Park, with a pond, on an island in which is an old ducal burial-place. The Leina Canal , which intersects the park and supplies the town with water from the Thuringian Forest, was constructed in the 15th cent, by the Landgrave Balthasar. In the vicinity is the Observatory (PI. 24). The New Cemetery, to the N. of the town, 2 x /4 M. from the station, contains a cremation - hall with a ‘Columbarium 1 (cards of admission ob- tained at the Rathhaus). « . or „ 1l/o M A eood panoramic view may be obtained from the Seeherg , 1 /2 M. distant from the town (Restaurant). — The * Arnoldithurm in the Berggarten (Restaurant), another point of view to the N. W. (l l /2 M.), afiords an excellent survey of the whole range of the Thuringian mountains, and of the town. The tower contains reminiscences of Arnoldi and his family (p. 332). 62. Eisenach and Environs. Comp. Map , p. 34:8. Hotels. -Geossheezog von Sachsen, opposite the slation R. 2 m A 50 of B. 1 m., D. 2 in.; ' ! Ractenkeanz and -Halbee Mond in the fown, P with shni“; charges Thue.ngee Hof, not far from thejOaHon; Deutsches Haus ; Ankeb; Mohken, Eebpeinz (R. l-l'A m.), Keonpeinz, unpretending; Zum Reichskanzlee, Carlsplatz; “Goldbnee Lowe, at th Frauenthor (at the entrance to the Marienthal, on the road to the Wart- Unrfr4 eood beer. — Inn at the Wartburg, see p. oob. b Restaurants.! ’ Groebler ,1 Carlsplatz, beer; Grossherzog von Sachsen , Goldener Lowe, see" above; Tivoli. - Outside the town, in .the Elisabethenruhe , Liliengrund , Phantasie , Hdtel Sophwnau, al b ga te s, and some of them lodging-houses. Wine: ‘^«^^ c/ Y n fbe‘ m^ket piatz. — Confectioners : Schmitz } Carl-Str. ; Fietsch, m the market. EISENACH. 62. Route. 335 Cab to or from the station, each pers. 40, at night 50 pf. ; each heavy- package 10 pf. ; to Fischbach', Phantasie , EichePs Villa in the Graben- thal, IV2 m., each additional person 50 pf. ; bargain necessary for excur- sions. The usual charge per hour is 172-2 m.; one-horse carr. to the Wartburg , with stay of IV2 hr., 6 m.; the Wartburg , Annathal , and Hohe- sonne and back, with stay of IV2 hr., 9-10 m.; the same, including Wil- helmsthal and 2 hrs. waiting, 12-14 m. ; for each additional V2 br. of wait- ing 50 pf. ; tolls and driver's fees not included. — Two - horse carr. to Ruhla , Altenstein , and Liebenstein in 3 hrs. (p. 349) 15-20 m. Guides are hardly necessary for the environs of Eisenach. For the first hour 50 pf., for each additional hour 30 pf. ; for a whole day 2^2 m. ; with night spent out of Eisenach 3 m. — The guides carry light articles of luggage, and show their tariff when required. Donkey to the Wartburg U/2 m., there and back 372 m.; to the Wart- burg, Annathal, and back 4 m. ; to the Wartburg, Annathal, Hohesonne, Wilhelmsthal, and back, 7 V2 m. ; per hour 2 m., per day 472 m. includ- ing gratuity. Eisenach, a pleasant town with 19,000 inhab., once the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Eisenach , who became extinct in 1741 , now belongs to Weimar, The tower of St. Nicholas , at the entrance to the town from the station , is a fine Romanesque structure in good preservation. The Palace in the market-place was erected by Duke Ernest Augustus of Weimar in 1742; in front of it rises a large fountain, with a gilt statue of St. George. Good classical music is performed in the opposite Marktkirche on Sundays. At the back of the church is a monument in memory of 1870-71. Further on, in the Lutherplatz, is the Lutherliaus , where Luther is said to have lived with Frau Ursula Cotta when attending school here in 1498. A memorial tablet in the Frauenplan marks the house in which Joh. Seb. Bach , the great composer, was born in 1685. Friedrich Preller , the painter (b. 1804; see p. 327), was born in the Carl- Str. — Beyond the station, to the N. of the town, lies the New Ce- metery, containing the grave of Fritz Reuter, the Low-German poet, who died in 1874 (a bust, by Afinger , in the corner to the right). The situation and environs of Eisenach, the finest point in the Thuringian Forest, are very picturesque. The * Garden and Park of Herr v. Eichel (entrance near the Nicolaithor, not far from the sta- tion) are well laid out and command charming views (open on Thursdays only, after 1 p.m.). Outside the Frauenthor and to the left of the Coburg road, leading past Marienburg , lies the grand- ducal *Karthausgarten, commanding a pleasing view of the Wart- burg, and always open to the public. — The Marienthal is studded with pretty villas and gardens on each side of the road. At the entrance , to the right, is a country-house once occupied by Fritz Reuter ; further on are the beer-gardens and lodging-houses men- tioned above. A pleasant walk skirts the Prinzenteich, M. from the gate. To the Annathal, l 1 ^ M., see p. 337. From Eisenach to the Wartburg there are several routes (guide unnecessary). The shortest way (35-40 min.) is a footpath, the first part of which is somewhat steep, ascending by the donkey- stand to the W. of the ‘Half Moon’, and past the burial-ground; 336 Route 62. EISENACH. Wartbury. it then traverses wood, passing a small white house, and leads round the Mddelstein , affording a charming view. A more picturesque footpath and the carriage-road diverge to the right from the Coburg road beyond the Frauenthor, opposite the entrance to the Karthaus- garten, pass the villa which formerly belonged to Fritz Reuter (see above), and ascend past the villa Hainstein. Farther on, the path crosses the road twice. The *Wartburg (1356 ft. above the sea-level, 624 ft. above Eisenach), founded by Lewis the Springer in 1070, was occupied by the Landgraves of Thuringia down to the extinction of the family in 1247, and is now the occasional residence of the Grand-Duke of Weimar! It is one of the finest existing secular buildings in the Romanesque style, and since 1847 has been restored in its original shape and appropriately decorated by the architect Hr. v. Ritgen. — At the entrance is an Inn (R., L., & A. 2 4 /2> B. ^m.), built in the mediaeval style, where tickets of admission to the castle are obtained (50 pf.). n __ , The castle consists of the Vorburg, with the Gateway , the Ritterhaus , and some stables, and the Hofburg , with the so-called Dirmtz (fitted up for a winter residence), the Kemenate (apartments of the Landgravines), the Berg fried (oldest tower of defence, lately rebuilt), ihe Landgrafen- haus or Palace , the Marstall or stables, and the 8. Tower of Defence. The obiect of the restoration Las been to present to us — a laithtul picture of the condition of the castle in the 12th cent., its most glorious era, when it was occupied by the art-loving Landgraves and was the scene ol the contests of the greatest mediaeval German poets \ where, too, Martin Lu- ther, at the beginning of the 16th cent., found an asylum, and where the mighty struggle for religious liberty took its rise . & 3 Interesting reminiscences of the Reformer, who was intercepted on his return from Worms and conducted hither by his friend the Elector Frederick the Wise, are still preserved in the Ritterhaus in the Vorburg. A room, which has undergone little alteration, is shown here, containing Luther’s table, drinking -vessel, armour as ‘Junker Georg 1 , bookcase , letters, portrait, and other memorials, where the great Reformer zealously worked at his translation of the Bible from 4th May, 1521, to 6th March, 1522. The greatest splendour of the castle as it existed in the 12th cent, is exhibited in the Hof- burg. In the Landgrafenhaus here we first visit the Landgrafenzimmer , embellished with seven "Frescoes by Moritz v. Schwind (185b), re- presenting scenes from the history of the first Landgraves. The Sangersaal , in which the traditional ‘Sangerkrieg 1 , or contest between the great rival minstrels of Germany , is. said to have taken place, contains a mural painting by Bcliwind representing that event, while the raised platform is adorned with arabesques and figures of the minstrels , with quotations from their ballads, by Ritgen and Hofmann of Darmstadt. It is an undoubted historical fact that Waltlier it is an unuuuuicu ; . von der Vogelweide, Wolfram von Eschenbacli, and other famous minstrels visited the court of ndii anu uuier jLcimuu.0 uimomvn, -7--- Landgrave Hermann I. (1190-1217), but the other Annathnl. EISENACH. 62, Route. 337 contents of the ‘Ki*iec von Wartburg’ (contest at the Wartburg), a poem dating from about 1300, are mere fable. — The Elizabeth Gallery , adorned with frescoes by Schwind from the life of St. Elizabeth, daughter of An- dreas II. of Hungary, and wife of the Landgrave Louis the Clement of Thuringia, and with the Seven Works of Mercy, next leads us to the Cha- pel , which contains ancient mural paintings and stained glass. — On the third floor is the spacious Fest- und Waffensaal , rising to the height of the roof, with rich symbolical ornamentation, and painted by Welter of Cologne. The Kemenate, fitted up for the use of the grand-ducal family, is seldom shown to visitors. The Reformation Rooms contain 18 pictures of scenes from Luther’s life, by Pauwels , Thumann , Linnig , and Struys. The Dirnitz contains a large Riistkammer or armoury, with weapons and armour of the 12th-17th centuries, the 16th being particularly well represented. The Bergfried is rarely shown, but the South Tower commands a beautiful *View of the dark, forest-clad mountains of Thuringia and the charming valley of Eisenach. The Wartburg is also locally famous as the scene of the ‘Burschen- fest’ of 18th Oct. 1817, an enthusiastic festival celebrated by students from every part of Germany. A visit to the Annathal may conveniently be combined with the excursion to the Wartburg. Path easily found, but guide not unacceptable. It descends under the castle-bridge; after 4 min., to the right round the rocks; 8 min., to the left through an opening in the rock; 3 min., straight on, not to the left ; 5 min., the Waid- mannsruh , a resting-place; 8 min., a stone seat, where the wood is quitted; 3 min., the Sdngerbank , on a projecting rock; then de- scend by steps round the rock; 5 min., the high-road (Eisenach to Coburg); follow this road and (3 min.) enter the valley by the path passing the pond on the right. The * Annathal, near the Coburg road , 2 M. to the S. of Eisen- ach, is a very picturesque wooded ravine. The narrowest part, 8 min. from the entrance, is called the DrachenschlucM (150 yds. long, 3 ft. wide), the precipitous sides of which are luxuriantly clothed with moss and ferns, and moistened with trickling water. We may now either return from this point, or proceed through the valley to the (1 M.) Hohe Sonne (1400 ft.), the highest point on the road , whence a picturesque glimpse of the Wartburg is obtained. The forester’s house is also an inn. At the S. base of the Hohe Sonne, iy 2 M. from this point, and about 6M. to the S. of Eisenach , is situated the chateau of Wil- helmsthal (* Auerhahn, R. &A. 2 1 / 2 m.), with a delightful park, laid out at the end of the 17th cent, and enlarged by the Grand-Duke Charles Augustus. Way back by a footpath through beech-wood by the Hirschstein (see p. 348). From Wilhelmstkal to Rulila (p. 349) a walk of 2 hrs. ; we follow the road for 1/2 M., enter the wood to the left by a pond, and pursue a straight direction. A path to the left near the entrance to the Annathal leads into the ^'Landgrafenschlucht, a picturesque ravine considerably wider than the Annathal, follows its course as far as a tree with a bench, and then ascends to the right to the Weinstrasse , where a view is enjoyed. On Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 22 338 Route 63. SALZUNGEN. From Eisenach the road to the right, 3 / 4 M. farther, is the Hohe Sonne forester’s house above mentioned. To the Hirschstein , Wachstein , and thence to Ruhla , an attractive walk of 3^2 ^ rs - ( see PP- 348-49}. 63. From Eisenach to Coburg and Lichtenfels. 95 M. Railway in 4 hrs. (fares 13 m. 80, 9 m. 20, 7 m. 70 pf.); to Coburg 31/2 brs. (fares 11 m. 80, 7 m. 90, 6 m. 60 pf.). Soon after quitting the station the train penetrates the N.W. slopes of the Thiiringer Wald by a tunnel 1/3 M. in length. Beyond (9 M.) Marksuhl it enters the valley of the Werra; 5 M. to the S.W. lies the small watering-place of Frauensee, on the bank of a lake. 171/2 M. Salzungen ( Curhaus ; Sachs. Hof ; Krone) possesses salt- springs, baths, and establishments for the inhalation of the vapour; near it is a small lake with a chateau at the S. end and a park at the other. Narrow-gauge railway from Salzungen to Dorndorf, Stadtlengsfeld , and Dermbach , 17V2 M. * tickets from the conductor. The village of Mb hr a, 41/2 M. to the N., was the home of the parents of Luther, to whom a monument, by Muller, was erected here m lobl. 20 M. Immelborn is the station for the baths of Liebenstein (p. 349), 41/2 M. to the E. (diligence and omnibus to meet each train, 70 pf.). On the way lies Barchfeld , with a chateau of the Landgrave of Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld. 26 M. Wernshausen is the junction of a branch-line to (4i/ 2 M. ) Schmalkalden (Adler; Krone), an ancient town with walls and moats, and late-Gothic houses with lofty gables adorned with carv- ing. In the market-place are a late-Gothic church and a monument to Karl Wilhelm , the composer of the ‘Wacht am Rhein’, who was a native of the place. In the ‘Krone’ the Protestant League of Schmal- kalden, so important to the cause of the Reformation, was concluded in 1531. The articles were drawn up by Luther, Melanchthon, and other reformers in a house on the Schlossberg near the market, in- dicated by a golden swan and inscription. The old Wilhelmsburg rises above the town. Iron-wares are extensively manufactured at Schmalkalden and in the whole valley. Valuable iron-mines in the vicinity. The Salt Baths near the station were improved in 18 <7. There are two thermal springs of 66° Fahr. Steinbach-Hallenberg (Zur Hallenburg), a small town with iron manu- factories (nut-crackers, smoothing-irons, etc.), lies 772 M. t0 tn ® °l Schmalkalden (diligence once a day). Pleasant walk thence to Oberliof (p. 353) or Friedrichroda. A 31 M. Wasungen , an industrial town on the Werra, with an old chateau. 35 M. Walldorf. As Meiningen is approached , the ducal chateau of Landsberg looks down from an eminence on the right; it contains some good modern stained glass from Munich and numerous mediaeval curiosities ; line view of the Thiiringer Wald and the Rhiingebirge. Visitors admitted to the rooms not occupied by the ducal family. The chateau may also be visited from Meiningen (p. 339), either by the direct route (3 M.), or by the Ma- MEININGEN. 03. Route. 339 to Lichtenfels. rienweg 1 , which leads through pleasant wood, passing the ruins of Ha- bichtsburg and several good points of view. 39 M. Meiningen (857 ft. • *Sachs. Hof ; Hirsch ; * Railway Re- staurant ), a well-built town with 9500 inhab. , on the Werra, sur- rounded by wooded heights , is the capital of the duchy of Saxe- Meiningen. One third of the town was destroyed by a fire in 1874, and has been rebuilt in a better style. The greatest ornament of the town is the * English Garden , or park, opposite the station, containing the ducal mortuary chapel, a monument in memory of the war of 1870-71, and a bust of Jean Paul Richter, who resided at Meiningen from 1801 to 1803. To the right, beyond the pond, is the Ducal Theatre , famed for its admir- able performances of classical pieces. To the left is the Herzog - liche Palais. Farther on is — The Herzogliche Schloss , or Ducal Palace , of which the left wing, recently restored, dates from the 16th cent., while the rest was almost entirely completed in 1682. Tlie Interior contains tlie grand -ducal picture gallery (about 400 works) and an extensive collection of engravings. The private apartments of the duke are adorned with a number of choice paintings, including: A. Muller , Apotheosis of the Princess Charlotte. The principal old paintings are: Fra Bartolommeo , The Trinity; S. Botticelli , The Virgin and Child and St. John the Baptist; *Fiesole , Mary and Joseph worshipping the In- fant; * Melozzo da Forli , Portrait of a man; Filippino Lippi , Adoration of the Infant ; Palmezzano , Holy Family; "Perugino , St. John and St. Lucia; Taddeo Gaddi , Christ and Mary with six saints; Garofalo , Virgin; Van Dyck , Portrait. Also many Dutch pictures of the 17tli cent., and a copy of Raphael's Madonna di Loreto. The Grosse Dolmar (2346 ft.), to which a road leads from Meiningen by Helba and Kuhndorf in 2 3 / 4 hrs., commands a beautiful view of the Thuringian Forest. — Schiller resided at the village of Bauerbach, 6 M. to the S. of Meiningen, in 1782-83. From Meiningen to Kissingen (46 l /2 M.) and Schweinfurt (50 l /2 M ), by railway in 2 l /2-2 3 / 4 hrs. — The line skirts the Rhongebirge to the E. — 16 M. Mellrichstadt , a Bavarian district- town on the Streu, in the valley of which the train descends. — 25 M. Neustadt ("Goldener Mann), on the Saale , an industrial town, prettily situated at the foot of the ruins of the Salzburg , which dates from the time of Charlemagne ; fine view. Pleasant walk down the valley of the Saale to Kissingen (3 hrs.). — Stat. Miinnerstadt , Ebenhausen ; thence to Kissingen and Schwein- furt , see Baedeker's S. Germany. 43 M. Grimmenthal. From (51 M.) Themar a diligence runs daily to Scbleusingen (7 M. ; p. 353) and Ilmenau (p. 346; 20 M. farther). To the W. rise the two Qleichberge (2162 and 2035 ft.). 59 M. Hildburghausen (1175 ft. ; *Englischer Hof ; Rauten- kranz ), a pleasant town on the right bank of the Werra, the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Hildburghausen down to 1826, now belongs to Meiningen. Pop. 6500. The Schloss , now a barrack, was erected in 1685-95. The Schlossgarten , adjoining it on the S., contains a monument to Queen Louise of Prussia. The mediaeval Rathhaus with its two towers was begun in 1395. The large Lunatic Asy- lum is common to the Thuringian principalities. At the base of the Kleine Gleichen, 10 M. to the N.W. of Hildburg- hausen, lies Romhild, formerly the capital of the county of Ilenneberg, 22 * 340 Route 6d. COBURG. Moritzkirche . The late -Gothic church contains the monuments of several Counts of Henneberg, including two by Peter Vischer of Nuremberg: Count Otto IV. (d. 1502) and *Count Hermann VIII. (d. 1531) and his wife (cast in South Kensington Museum). 68 M. Eisfeld (*Deutsches Haus); diligence daily to Schwarz - burg (26 M. ; p. 344) and Saalfeld (39 M. ; p. 320), also via Neu- haus to Saalfeld (31 M.). — The train now quits the Werra. 82 M. Coburg, see below. Branch-line from Coburg (12V2 M., in 50 min.) to Sonneberg (-Krug's Hotel , R. 357 68. From Brunswick to Nordhausen and Erfurt by Borssum (Harzburg, Goslar). 133 M. Railway. To Nordhausen in P/, hrs. (fares ll m. 30 pf., 8 m., 5 m. 10 pf.); thence to Erfurt in 2 T /2 hrs. (fares 6 in. 60, 4 m. 90, 3 m. 30 pf.). — From Brunswick to Harzburg , 28 M. , in P /2 hr. (fares 3 m. 60, 2 m. 70, 1 m. 80 pf.) ; to Goslar, 31 M., in l*/ 4 hr. (4 m. 10, 3 m. 10, 2 m. 10 pf.). Brunswick , see p. 114. The train passes the ducal park and the chateaux of Richmond and Williamscastle. The line to Helm- stedt and Magdeburg diverges to the left (p. 82). 7y 2 M\ Wolfenbiittel (Knust's Hotel), an old town with 11,000 inhab., is famous for its library (300,000 vols. and 8000 MSS.), of which Lessing was once librarian. Luther’s Bible, with annotations in his own handwriting, his drinking-glass, inkstand, portrait by Cranach, etc., are shown here. On the staircase stands a monument to Lessing by Doll , placed here in 1796. Branch-line from Wolfenbiittel to Schoppenstedt , Jerxheim (p. 86), and Oschersleben (p. 360). Our line crosses the Oker and ascends to Hedwigsburg and (15 M.) Borssum, the junction of the Brunswick-Harzburg and Magdeburg- Scherfede lines (R. 4), situated at the confluence of the Ilse and Oker. The Harzburg Line follows the course of the Oker, towards the S. Stat. Schladen. At Vienenburg, where it is joined by the Halberstadt line (p. 359), it divides into three branches, one leading to Harzburg (p. 372), another to Goslar (p. 370), and the third to Seesen (see below) and. Claus- thal (p. 376). From Borssum to Seesen (*Kronprinz; Wilhelmsbad ), 40 M. from Brunswick, see p. 86. The Nordhausen line turns to the S. and skirts the S. W. slopes of the Ilarz district, where a number of picturesque spots have recently come into favour (comp. Map, p. 360). 48 M. Gittelde . Diligence four times daily from Gittelde to the small town of (5 M.) Grund ( *Zum Rathhaus , ‘pension 1 5 m. ; Schiitzenhaus ; private apartments), prettily situated and visited for its baths. — On the Iberg is a stalactite cave (key kept by the burgomaster). 52 M. Osterode (Englischer Hof ; Spengernann) on the Sbse , a town with many picturesque old houses. Fine old Rathhaus. Several monuments in the Marktkirche. Extensive white-lead factories. On the high-road, to the right, about halfway between Osterode and Herzberg, is the Jettenhohle , a stalactite cavern. Diligence from Osterode to (9 M.) Clausthal (p. 376) twice daily. 60 M. Herzberg (* Weisses Ross ; *Peimanri’s Hotel , R. and B. 2^4 m. J, on the Sieber , the junction of the line to Northeim (p. 103), was the residence of the Dukes of Brunswick-Celle down to 1634, when they transferred their seat to Hanover. Pop. 3600. The old Schloss was founded in 1024. From Herzberg through the *Sieberthal to Andreasberg , see p. 377. — Branch-line to Northeim , p. 103. 64 M. Scharzfeld is the station for (4 M. ; post-omnibus) Lau- terberg (*Deutscher Kaiser j Kur- und Logirhaus ; Krone ; Ruths - 358 Route 68. ELLRICH. keller ), a small town in the valley of the Oder , with pleasant, wooded environs and a water-cure establishment, and adapted for a prolong- ed stay. The pedestrian may walk from Scharzfeld station to Lauterberg by the following pleasant route. At the (V 2 M.) Hotel zum Scharzfels we cross the bridge to the right, and ascend the left bank of the Oder , passing the furniture-factory of Oder/eld. We then reach the Philosophengang, a shady walk which leads past the Konigshiitle , an iron-foundry (articles for sale), to Lauterberg. To the left of the high-road between Scharzfeld and Lauterberg rises the beautifully situated ruin of Scharzfels, with the Frauenstein. In the beech-wood near it (20 min.) is the Einhornhohle , or Schiller's Cavern , where the name of the poet, written by himself, is still pointed out. It contains abundant fossil remains of antediluvian animals. The Steinkirche , another grotto V 2 M. farther to theW. (difficult to find without a guide), is connected bv tradition with St. Boniface, and served as a church for the inhabitants of Scharzfeld down to the middle of last century. — The Hausherg commands an extensive prospect. The view is still finer from the considerably higher *Kummel (easily ascended from Lauterberg in 1 hr.) , embracing Lauter- berg the Oderthal, the valleys of the Lutter, and the plain towards the b. — Another excursion from Lauterberg is through the Gerade Lutterthal and the Bdrenthal (somewhat steep), or by the new road to Sieber (p. dJO as far as the top of the pass, and thence to the left in 15-20 mm. to the summit of the (3-3V 2 hrs.) Grosse Knollen, commanding another fine view, particularly towards the Brocken. — Excursion by the Scholmgraben to the Konigstein and Jagdkopf , and back, 5-6 hrs. Through the I \iese- becker Thai , with the picturesque Wiesebecker Teich (Inn, pension 0-0 m.), to the (2 hrs.) : Ravenskopf (2067 ft. ; Inn at the top) , recently adorned with pleasure-grounds. The ascent is easier from Tettenborn or from Walkenried via Sachsa (see below). „ 66 M. Osterhagen. 69 M. Tettenborn , the station for Sachsa (Schutzenhaus ; Rathskeller). To the right of the railway rises the Romerstein , a group of dolomite rocks resembling a ruined castle. 72 M. Walkenried (Gold. Lowe ; Rail. Restaurant), a village with the imposing ruins of a Cistercian abbey of that name, a church of the 13th and 14th cent., and fine early-Gothic cloisters of the same period. The following is a pleasant walk from Walkenried: follow the high- road to (6 M.) Wieda (Engel-, Bonnkessel) ; then strike to the N.W. across a brook into the forest (finger-post) and ascend the (1 hr.) ■ Stoberhai ( Inn at the top), the tower on which commands a more extensive view than the Ravenskopf. Thence to the Jagdkopf in 15 min., and through a forest- glade to the Ravenskopf, keeping by the stones marking the frontier be- tween Prussia and Brunswick. Lastly descend through the Wiesenbecker Thai to Lauterberg (p. 357). . The train now passes through a tunnel and reaches (70 M.J Ellrich (*Schwarzer Adler ; Schutzenhaus ; Konig von Preussen), a small town prettily situated on the Zorge, whence a diligence runs once daily through the Harz Mts. to Wernigerode and Halberstadt, and once daily to Braunlage and Harzburg. Pleasant environs. Picturesque walk hence by the Burgsberg. and the forest of Himmel- reich (near which is a fine cavern, discovered in 1868) to (1 Tut.) Walken- ried (see above). Another to the E., by the villages of Werna and Appen rode . to Ilfeld (2 »/ 4 hrs.; see p. 369). . „ T1 80 M. Niedersachswerfen (Deutscher Kaiser), the station tor 11 feld (see p. 369). To the right rises the precipitous Kohnstein. 85 M. Nordhausen (p. 356J, the junction of this line with the Halle and Cassel railway (R. 67). Carriages are changed here. HALBERSTADT. 69. Route. 359 Beyond (90 M.) Wolkramshausen the Erfurt line crosses the Wipper. 92 M. Klein-Furra. 97 M. Sondershausen (* Deutsches Haus ; *Tanne; Hotel Monch ), the capital of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, charm- ingly situated in the Wipperthal. Pop. 5700. The Schloss contains a few antiquities, among which is the ‘Pusterich’, formerly thought to he an idol, 2 ft. in height. The concerts given by the prince s orchestra enjoy a wide reputation. Fine view from the Goldener and from the Possen , the highest point of the Hainleite , 1 hr. to the S. Diligence daily to (12y 2 M.) Frankenhausen in 2 l / 2 hrs., see p. 3ob. 101 M. Hohenehra ; 114 M. Greussen, with a sugar-refinery; 117 M. Straussfurt (branch-line to Gross-Heringen, see p. 322) ; 121 M. Gehesee-Ringlehen ; 124 M. Walschleben. 132 M. Erfurt, N. Station; 133 M. Thuringian Station (p. 330). 69. From Leipsic to Aschersleben and Vienenburg ( Harzburg , Goslar ) . 99 M. Magdeburg-Halberstadt Railway in 4-5 ] /2 hrs. (fares 12 m. 70, 9 m. 60, 6 m. 40 pf.). This line is the direct route from Leipsic to Ha- nover , and passes the N. and E. side of the Harz district (Ballenstedt, Thale, Wernigerode, Harzburg, Goslar, Clausthal). From Leipsic to (21 M.) Halle , see R. 55 a. 2o M. Trotha, on the Saale ; 30 M. Wallivitz ; 34 M. Nauendorf; 40 M. Cbnnern. Then across the Saale to (49 M.) Sandersleben , on the Wipper, where our line crosses that from Berlin to Cassel (R. 67). 56 M. Aschersleben (Gold. Lowe; Deutsches Haus), an ancient town with 17,500 inhab., the seat of the princes of the Ascanian line, who became extinct in 1345, is the junction of the line to Bernhurg and Cothen (p. 311). 61 M. Frose, with a fine Romanesque church, probably of the 12th cent., is the junction for (5 M.) Ermsleben and (9 M.) Ballen- stedt (p. 363). The main line passes stations Nachterstedt , Gatersleben , and (72 M.) Wegeleben , where the line to (10 M.) Thale diverges. Stations on the latter Ditfurth , Quedlinburg (p. 361), Neinstedt (Landhaus; Posthorn), and Thale (see p. 365). The next station on the main line (comp. Map, p. 360) is — 76 M. Halberstadt (*Prinz Eugen , R., L., & A. 2*/ 2 m. , B. 80 pf. ; Thuringer Hof ; * Weisses Ross ; Ufermanns Restaurant, in the Domplatz; Beer at Merzs, Fischmarkt 3), an old town with 27,800 inhab., on the Holzemme, boasting of a considerable trade and important manufactories. The episcopal see , founded as early as the 9th cent., was suppressed in consequence of the Re- formation. The * Wood-architecture of the 15th and 16th cent., with its projecting upper stories and rich plastic ornamentation, is still admirably preserved here. The chief of these buildings are in the Market , which is divided by the Rathhaus into the (E.) 360 Route 69 . HALBERSTADT. Fischmarkt and the (W.) Holzmarkt. The Gothic Rathhaus dates from the close of the 14th cent., hut was restored in the 17th, when it received some Renaissance additions. The Roland (p. 133) here dates from 1435. The old Episcopal Palace opposite is now the custom-house. The late-Gothic Rathskeller in the Holzmarkt, built in 1461, is the finest wood-structure in the town. In the Fischmarkt are TetzeVs House of 1529 and the Schuhhof , a rich Renaissance building of 1579. The * Cathedral (St. Stephen’s) , the most important edifice at Halberstadt, having been destroyed by fire in 1181, was re-erected very slowly during the following centuries. The towers and the facade, still retaining traces of Romanesque articulation and enrich- ment, are the most ancient part of the edifice. The W . part of the nave was erected in 1252-76, and the E. parts, the transept, and the choir date from the 14th century. The church was consecrated in 1490. The gradual development of the Gothic style is distinctly traceable in the flying buttresses. The church was restored in 1S50. Interior. Rich late-Gothic Screen separating the nave from the choir ; above it, the Crucified with Mary and John, a Wood-sculpture of the 13th cent, : at the altar an Alabaster-sculpture of the same subject, of about 1500. Then a Crucifixion by Joh. Raphon of Eimbeck, of 1509, as an altar-piece j several other pictures, rich sacerdotal robes, and various antiquities. The extensive Domplatz, planted with trees, is bounded on the W. side by the late - Romanesque Liebfrauenkirche , erected in 10*05-1284, and recently restored. A number of figures in relief date from the period of the foundation, and one ot the chapels con- tains a mural painting of the 15th century. Gleims collection of portraits of his friends is now preserved in ‘Gleim’s Stiftungshaus’ at the back of the cathedral. On 29th July, 1809, Halberstadt was the scene of a fierce struggle between the Duke of Brunswick with his black dragoons and a Westphalian regiment in the French service , which termi- nated in the defeat of the latter and their expulsion from the town. Several balls are built into the Kuhlingerthorthurm , the gate of the road to Quedlinburg, in commemoration of the battle. The Spiegelschen Berge , 1/2 hr. to the S., afford fine views. A monster cask here holds 28,000 gals. The Olaserne Monch, 2 M. farther, and the Hoppelsberg are also pleasant objects for an excursion. From Halberstadt to Magdeburg, 36V2 M., railway in l 1 /*-^ hrs. (fares 4 m. 70, 3 m. 60, 2 m. 40 pf.). — 13 M. Oschersleben , a small town on the Bode (see p. 357). 36V2 M. Magdeburg, see p. 8b. Branch-line to Blankenburg (p. 368), 12 M., in 1 hr. (fares 1 m. 60, 1 m. 20, 80 pf.). Stations (6 M.) Langenstein and (9 M.) Bornecke. Beyond Halberstadt the train commands views of the slopes of the Harz to the left. From (91 M.) Heudeher-Dannstedt a branch- line leads in 25 min. to Wernigerode (p. 374). 96 M. Wasserleben. 99M. Vienenburg, the junction of lines to Borssum and Hano- ver (see p. 357), to Ringelheim , Hildesheim , and Brunswick (see p. 86), and to several places in the Harz (see below). 1. To Oker (p. 372) and (8 M.) Goslar (p. 370) in 1 y 2 { tw U«- B DER HARZ 1 : 4?oo,ooo Engl. JUles •ee xSornirk^ Bocli&edt JTon ffrt&W (hr 7 'W e cLAeu h l-.ioo.ooo JL" j:L m . il' 0e o graph Jkn sft alt \j:AnO))r>f ) ' n.Jfat THE HAIiZ MOUNTAINS. 70. Route. 361 2. To (5 M.) Harzburg (p. 372) in 20 minutes. 3. To (26M.) Clausthal (p. 376)in2 1 / 2 h rs - At (5y 2 M\) Grauhof the line diverges from that to Ringelheim and Hildesheim (p. 86); 9 M. Langelsheim (branch to Seesen , p. 357). The train now ascends the valley of the Innerste to Lautenthal , Wildemann , and Silberhutte, with silver smelting-works. 26 M. Clausthal , p. 376. 70. The Harz Mountains. Plan. About ten or twelve days are required to explore the finest scenery of the Harz, which is now rendered accessible by a network of railways in every direction. The usual starting-points are Thole , Qued- linburg, Ballenstedt , Blankenburg , Wernigerode , Goslar , or Harzburg on the N., and Nordhausen, Ellrich , Herzberg , or Osterode on the S. side. The following plan, which embraces the most interesting points, may easily be extended or abridged at pleasure, and may he begun or terminated at almost any one of these railway-stations. 1st Day. Ballenstedt , Selke- thal, Alexisbad; 2nd. Gernrode, Suderode, Hexentanzplatz ; 3rd. Weisser Hirsch, Treseburg, Bodethal, Rosstrappe; 4th. Blankenburg, Riibeland, Wernigerode; 5th. Steinerne Renne, Brocken; 6th. Ilsethal , Ilsenburg, Burgberg near Harzburg; 7th. Environs of Harzburg, Okerthal, Goslar. — The finest points in the Ober-Harz and S. Harz, may next be visited as follows: 8th Day. Diligence to Clausthal, walk to Andreasberg; 9th. Lauterberg, Ravenskopf, Walkenried, Ellrich; 10th. llfeld, Neustadt un- ter’in Hohnstein, Eichenforst, Stolberg; 11th. By diligence towards the S. to Kelbra (Kyffhauser, see p. 355). Carriages. Two-horse about 18 m. per day; tolls extra; fee 2-3 m. per day. One-horse 10-12 m. In many places there is a tariff fixed by the authorities, but in every case a bargain should be made beforehand. Guides , unnecessary except on the less frequented routes, 3 m., or with- out food 4 m. per day, and 75 pf. per Germ. M. (about 15 pf. per Engl. M.) for return-fee. Inns tolerable , but charges have risen very considerably of late : R. 2-3 m., A. 50 pf., B. 1 m., I). 2-3 m., wine IV 4 -IV 2 m. per V 2 bottle. The inferior and less frequented inns are cheaper. The Harz, the most northern mountain - chain in Germany, 56 M. in length, and 18 M. in width, is an entirely isolated range, rising abruptly from the plain on every side, especially towards the N.W. and N.E. It is divided into the Oberharz , Unterharz , and Vorharz. The first of these embraces the W. region, with the towns of Lautenthal, Clausthal, and An- dreasberg. The N. W. and S. W. slopes, with Goslar, Seesen, and Herz- berg, are called the Vorharz, while the district to the E. of Wernige- rode and Ellrich belong to the Unterharz. The Brocken is situated on the boundary between the Ober- and Unter-Harz. The Oberharz is furrow- ed by numerous dark, wooded ravines. The Unterharz affords a greater variety of picturesque scenery. The principal rock-formation is granite, overlying which are the more recent grauwacke and clay-slate. The climate of the plateau of the Oberharz is apt to be somewhat in- clement, even in summer. In the places along the N. base of the moun- tains the summer heat is pleasantly tempered by the N.W. wind from the Baltic Sea; and the S. Harz also enjoys an agreeable climate. I. The Eastern Harz Mts. a. Quedlinburg . Railway from Halle (Leipsic, Berlin) via Wegeleben to Thale , see p. 359. — Diligence from Quedlinburg to Ballenstedt (8 M.) two or three times daily; to Gernrode (5 M.), Alexisbad, Stolberg, and Nordhausen, once daily. — Post-Omnibus to Suderode, 6 M., several times daily (25 pf.). 362 Route 70. QUEDLINBURG. The Harz Quedlinburg (463 ft. above tbe sea-level; *Zum Bdren , in tbe Markt-Platz ; *Kronprinz ; Goldner Ring ; Lamm , well spoken of), an old agricultural town with 17,000 inhab., recently increased by the foundation of the suburb of Suderstadt , lies on the Bode , 3 M. to the N.W. of the Harz Mts. It was founded by Henry the Fowler in 929, and became a favourite residence of the German emperors of the Saxon line. Down to 1477 it was a fortified Hanseatic town, after which it was under the protection of the Electors of Brandenburg. It is still an important-looking place with walls, towers, and moats, and is commanded on the W. by the old Schloss and the abbey-church. The Rathhaus in the market , in front of which rises a stone figure of Roland (p. 133), is a late-Gothic structure, with altera- tions of the 18th century. The Interior contains an interesting collection of utensils in flint and bronze, weapons, instruments of torture, parchment records (e. g. frag- ments of the ‘Itala 1 , the first Latin translation of the Bible, of the 5th cent., and imperial charters of 1038 and 1134), seals, portraits, etc., and a kind of wooden cage in which the townspeople incarcerated Count Albert of Regenstein during 20 months (1336-38) for having infringed their municipal privileges. The church of St. Aegidius contains some good old oil-paint- ings. The modern Gymnasium , or grammar-school , possesses a valuable library of 8000 vols. Following the street in the corner of the market-place, obliquely opposite the Bar Hotel and the Rath- haus, and afterwards turning to the left, we cross the Finkenheerd , a small Platz where Henry the Fowler is said to have received the deputation announcing his election to the imperial dignity, and reach the Schloss-Platz , near the Schlossberg. The house in which Klop stock was born (in 1724), in this Platz, has a jutting story sup- ported by two wooden columns. To the right is the dwelling of the sacristan of the Schlosskirche, to whom application may now be made. The Schloss , situated on a lofty sandstone rock , was once the seat of the abbesses of the secular and independent convent of Quedlinburg , which was founded by Otho the Great in 937 and afterwards attained to great prosperity, but declined in importance after it embraced the Reformation in 1539, and was at length sup- pressed in 1803. Countess Aurora of Konigsmark , the mistress of Augustus the Strong of Saxony, and mother of Marshal Saxe, was abbess of Quedlinburg in 1704-18, and on her death in 1728 was interred in the abbey-church. Adjacent to the Schloss is the * Abbey Church , or Schlosskirche , an edifice of great importance in the history of art. The body of the church was erected in 1021, the choir was altered in the 14th cent., and the whole restored in 1862. The Crypt, which was the original church, founded in the 10th cent., is built over an ancient mortuary chapel containing the tombs of Henry I. (d. 936), his wife Matilda, and his grand-daughter Matilda, the first ab- bess. The treasury contains objects of great artistic and historical value, chiefly of the 10th cent. , such as reliquaries , books of the Gospels , an episcopal crozier, the beard-comb of Henry I. and one of the water-pots of Cana 1 . Mountains. BALLENSTEDT. 70. Route. 363 Fine view of the town and environs from the terrace, which is shown by the castellan. Opposite the Schlossberg rises the Munzenberg , with the ruins of the convent of St. Mary. — The Bruhl , a pleasant park to the S.W. of the town , not far from the Schlossberg, contains monu- ments to Klopstock and the geographer Ritter (born here in 1779). At a neighbouring farm is the crypt of the ancient monastery of Wipertus, which perhaps originally belonged to the palace of Henry I. , and is the most ancient relic of Christian architecture in Saxony. Quedlinburg is noted for its nurseries and cloth-factories. b. Selkethal. Mdgdesprung. Alexisbad. Victorshohe. Gernrode. Suderode. Lauenburg. Two Days. 1st. From Ballenstedt to the Falken Inn iy 4 hr. , visit to the Falkenstein l*/ 2 , to the Selkemiihle 2 3 / 4 , Magdesprung R/ 2 , Alexisbad 1 hr. — 2nd. To the Victorshohe iy 2 , Gernrode D/2, Suderode 1/4, Lauen- burg 1, Neinstedt 1 / 2 , Thale or Hexentanzplatz l-R /2 hr. Ballenstedt (689 ft. above the sea-level ; * Grosser Gasthof , at the entrance to the Schlossgarten ; *Stadt Bernburg , in the Allee ; Weisser Schwan , Germania , Deutsches Haus in the town), the ter- minus of the railway in this direction (p. 359), a prettily situated town with 4600 inhab., was formerly the residence of the Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg. A long avenue leads to the Schloss (generally closed) on a hill. Beautiful Schlosspark, with fine views of the mountains ; also a deer-park containing stags and wild boars. On the N. side are the Gegensteine , a fragment of the ‘Devil’s Wall’. A finger-post at the S. end of the town indicates the route to the right to the Selkemiihle (see below), and that to the left to Opperode and Meisdorf. The latter is the high-road to the Selkethal , but pedestrians follow it as far only as (^4 M.) the first road diverging to the right, on which, a little way farther, is a direction-post on the left indicating the way to the (Y 2 h r ) forester’s house of Kohlenschacht (Inn). The same road next leads through the wood to the ( 1/2 hr.) inn *Zum Falken (706 ft.) in the Selkethal, at the foot of the Falkenstein. To the left, a little above the inn, a footpath to the left ascends to *Schloss Falkenstein (1083 ft.), situated on a lofty rock. The castle, which is well preserved and partially restored, contains old weapons, curiosities, etc. ; fine view from the tower. A knight of Falkenstein plays a part in Burger’s ballad of ‘the pastor s daughter of Taubenheim’, which is said to be founded on fact. We now return to the valley by the same path. A good road ascends the picturesque *Selkethal to the (5 M.) Selkemuhle , or Leimufermiihle (*Zur Burg Anhalt, unpretending), where it unites with the above-mentioned direct road from Ballen- stedt. On the hill, l/ 2 hr. to the S., are the scanty ruins of the Burg Anhalt. The road next leads to (4*/ 2 M 0 Magdesprung; but 364 Route 70. VICTORSHOHE. The Harz a slight digression to the *Meiseberg , with a forester’s house (restau- rant) and fine view, l/ 2 hr. from the Selkemiihle, is recommended ; thence to Magdesprung ly* hr. The foundries of Magdesprung (968ft. ; *Inn, R. & A. 2y 2 m.) are picturesquely placed at the junction of the Selkethal road with that from Ballenstedt to Stolberg. An obelisk on an eminence is to the memory of a Prince of Anhalt who founded the iron-works. Tasteful articles in cast iron may he purchased at the foundries. The place owes its name (‘the maiden’s leap’) to the tradition that a giantess once sprang across the valley here, leaving her foot- prints, the Magdetrappe , on the height behind the inn. An iron cross in the vicinity is to the memory of Duke Alexius (d. 1834). — Gernrode (see below) is 4y 2 M. distant. About 2 M. farther up the attractive Selkethal lies the chaly- beate Alexisbad(1034 ft. 5 Hotel Alexisbad $ Goldene Rose; Hotel- Pens. zur Klostermuhle, R. 1 V 2*"^ m • ? D* lV2 m *> ‘pension’ 4-6 m.), surrounded with pleasure-grounds. The direct road from Alexisbad to (12 M.) Stolberg (p. 369) is by Strassberg and the Josephshohe (p. 369). The high-road leads by Harzge- rode (Stadt Bernburg-, Schwarzer Bar), a small town with an old bchloss, on the hill, 2 M. to the E. of Alexisbad. (The diligence may' be taken as far as the turnpike at the Auerberg, and then the Josephshohe crossed on foot.) n The path to the Yictorshohe quits the road to the lelt, a lew min. below the baths, and leads through wood to the (IV4 hr 0 Giintersberge and Gernrode road, which we follow for V4 M. to- wards the right, and then quit by a path leading to the left to the (1/4 hr.) *Victorshohe (1952 ft.), the summit of the Ramberg , near which are several huge blocks of granite called the Teufelsmuhle. (Inn at the forester’s house.) Extensive prospect from the wooden tower, more picturesque than from the Brocken. A stone post by the Teufelsmuhle indicates the descent to the right to Friedrichsbrunnen , Alexisbad^ Tanzplatz, Treseburg, and Thale ; to the left to the Sternhaus , Magdesprung, and Gern- rode. The latter leads in 5 min. to the above-mentioned road from Giintersberge , which leads past the Stubenberg (see below) to (472 M.) Gernrode. Gernrode (729 ft. ; *Tnn on the Stubenberg , see below ; Deut- sches Haus and Deutscher Kaiser in the town ; private apartments easily procurable), a town with 2200 inhab., charmingly situated on the slope of the Stubenberg, 47 2 M. from Quedlinburg, and 33/ 4 M. from Ballenstedt, attracts numerous visitors in summer. The Romanesque *Abbey Church of the 10th cent. , with its two round W. towers, recently restored, is a picturesque feature in the landscape. The tomb of the founder St. Gero, Margrave of Lusatia, was restored in 1519. Romanesque cloisters on the S. side of the church partially preserved. The ^'Stubenberg , or Stufenberg (922 ft. } Inn at the top), Mountains. SUDERODE. 70. Route. 365 which rises above the town and may he ascended in 1/4 hr. , affords one of the most picturesque views on this side of the Harz Mts. A few hundred yards to the W. of Gernrode lies — Suderode (493 ft. ; Heene's Curhaus , at the end of the village next to Gernrode; *Michaelis ; *Mohr ; *Goldene Weintraube , unpre- tending; Omnibus to Quedlinburg, see p. 361), formerly an insigni- ficant village, which has recently become a favourite watering-place on account of its salt-springs and its sheltered situation, and extends with its villas (in most of which apartments are let) and gardens for upwards of a mile along the wooded slope of the hill. Pretty walks to the Preussen-Platz , the Salsteine , the Beringer Quelle , and the Tempel at the W. end of the village. Several routes lead hence to Stecklenberg and the Lauenburg. Pedestrians may ascend the pretty forest-path by the Hotel Michae- lis, which leads via the Neue Schenke , a forester’s house, direct to the Lauenburg in 1 hr., or they may take that which passes the Schulzenamt at Suderode, skirts the wood to the left (view of Qued- linburg to the right), crosses the Quedlinburg road after 10 min. , and then re-enters the wood. At the entrance to the village of (V 2 ^ r -) Stecklenberg (Palm’s Inn), a stone post indicates the ascent to the left, passing the Stecklenburg , to the (25 min.) *Lauenburg (1149 ft.), a ruined castle with a tower commanding a fine view (*7nn, R.l 1 /^ 111 *)- A good road to the N. leads from Stecklenberg to (IV 2 M.) Neinstedt (p. 359), the nearest railway -station. — To Thale (see below), 3 ! /2 M. ; several finger-posts. The route by the Geovgshohe (p. 367) to the Hexen- tanzplatz (p. 367) is picturesque. c. Bodethal. Rosstrappe. Hexentanzplatz. Treseburg. One Day. From Thale in the Bodethal ascend to the Teufelsbriicke, y 2 hr. ; ascend the Rosstrappe, 20 min.; inn, 10 min.; by the Herzogshbhe and Wilhelmsblick to Treseburg l*/ 4 hr. ; by the Weisse Hirsch to the Hexentanzplatz 2 l /2 lirs. ; back to the station 3 / 4 hr. — Or from the sta- tion to the Tanzplatz iy 4 hr., Weisse Hirsch and Treseburg l 3 / 4 hr. (Wil- helmsblick and back 3 / 4 -l hr.), through the Bodethal to the Jungfernbrucke 2 hrs. ; then retrace steps for a few min. and ascend the Rosstrappe, V 2 hr.; to the station 40 minutes. — Guide unnecessary, but desirable from Treseburg to the Weisse Hirsch and Tanzplatz (I-IV 2 m.). — Comp, the marginal map on the Map at p. 360. The rocky *Valley of the Bode, the finest point in the Harz Mts., presents a strikingly wild and picturesque scene , to which if pos- sible more than a single day should be devoted. At the entrance to the valley lies Bahnhof Thale (633 ft.), near which a number of modern villas have sprung up. To the right- rise the precipitous rocks of the Rosstrappe (p. 367); to the left is the Hexentanzplatz (p. 367). Hotels. *Zehnpfund, a large house opposite the station; "'Waldkater, pleasantly situated in the Bodethal, J /2 M. from the station ; *Hubertus- bad, a salt-bath with pension, on an island in the Bode , y 4 M. from the station, ‘pension -1 4-5 m. a day for a long stay; Zur Blechhutte, at the N. end of the Blechhutte; Forsthaus ; Zur Konigsruhe, 1/2 M. above the Waldkater; the last three unpretending. — Inns on the Rosstrappe and Hexentanzplatz , see p. 367. 366 Route 70. THALE. The Harz Restaurants at the hotels; at the Actienbrauerei , 7* M. from the sta- tion (good beer); Rail. Restaurant. Baths below the Blechhiitte. From Thale to Treseburg through the Bodethal. A few paces to the right of the station at Thale lies the Blechhutte , a foun- dry on the right bank of the Bode. The road to the left leads past the Actienbrauerei to the ( 3 / 4 M.) Waldkater Inn (696 ft. ; which may also be reached by a pleasant path from the Hubertusbad on the left bank). A very steep and fatiguing path with steps ascends hence to the Hexentanzplatz (p. 367). We follow the road through the picturesque Bodethal to the (*/ 2 M.) Jungfernbrucke , whence a steep and stony path ascends to the left, via the Hirschgrund and the Lavieres-Hohe to the ( 3 / 4 hr.) Hexentanzplatz. On the left bank is the prettily situated inn Zur Konigsruhe, beyond which the road is carried round the foot of the cliffs by two wooden gal- leries. Beyond the second is the Schurre , a steep stony slope over which a zigzag path ascends to the (*/ 2 hr.) Rosstrappe with its inn. A few paces farther on in the valley is the Teufelsbriicke at the entrance to the *Bodekessel , a wild basin of granite rocks through which the stream is precipitated. The roa,d then leads through beautiful woods to — Treseburg (916 ft.; *Weisser Hirsch, Wilhelmsblick , belonging to the same owner, R. 2 m., A. 50 pf. ; Deutsches Haus ), a village 7 1/ 2 M. from Thale, beautifully situated at the confluence of the Bode and the Lupbode , on a rocky eminence on which the castle of that name formerly stood. A road between the inns leads to the (ll/ 2 M.) Wilhelmsblick (view of the Bodethal), and through a short tunnel to the high-road which leads to the N. to Blankenburg, and to the E. to the Rosstrappe. — An eminence opposite Treseburg, called the * Weisse Hirsch , commands a charming view of the village and environs. A steep footpath to it ascends to the left , a short way beyond the bridge ; a longer route through the Tiefenbachthal quits the road farther on (comp. p. 367). A pretty footpath ascends the Bodethal from Treseburg to (2 1 A M ) Altenbrack (* Weisses Ross , unpretending), a mining village with a small sulphureous spring. rT ,, , . .. From Treseburg to Blankenburg, 7 x /i M. The road diverges to the left IV 2 M. from the tunnel above mentioned, from that to the itoss- trappe, and leads past Wienrode and Cattenstadt (Inn). To the right rise the huge sandstone masses of the Heidelberg (or ‘devil’s wall'; Inn at the foot). Pedestrians may turn to the left at the first bend in the road beyond the tunnel and proceed through the wood by the ( 3 /i hr.) forester s house o Todtenrode (refreshments) to (1 hr.) Wienrode. From Treseburg to Hasselfede, 7 l /2 M. The footpath turns to the right immediately beyond the bridge over the Bode, P as ®® 8 deer-fence, and leads through beautiful beech-woods. In about 1 hr we reach a stone finger-post, indicating the way to Sftejre on >' ft S' felde (Konig von Schweden, B. 75 pf.) on ‘he right. From Hasselfelde through the pleasant Bdhrenthal to Jlfeld (p. 369), a walk of 12 M. From Thale to the Rosstrappe. The above route from thale to the Rosstrappe by the Bodethal and the Schurre may be taken, or the direct path (lhr.) may be preferred. In the latter case we Mountains. ROSSTRAPPE. 70. Route. 367 pass between the buildings of the Blechhutte (p. 366) to the bridge across the Bode, beyond which we turn to the right, and then, near a second bridge (5 min.), ascend by a somewhat steep path to the ri/ 2 hr.) Gasthaus zur Rosstrappe , near which is the Bulowshohe. The ^Rosstrappe (1317 ft.), 10 min. from the inn, is a granite rock projecting like a bastion into the valley of the Bode, and rising precipitously to a height of 650 ft. above the stream. It commands an imposing view of the wild Bodethal and the distant plain as far as Quedlinburg. The name (‘horse’s hoof-print’) is derived from an impression in the rock resembling a gigantic hoof , left there by the horse of a princess, who , when pursued by a giant, is said to have leaped across the valley at this point. The men or boys here awaken the echoes of the Bodethal by pistol-shots and the blasts of a trumpet (25 pf.). To the right is the Schurre (p. 366). Proceeding to the N.E. of the Rosstrappe Inn, we may descend in i/ 4 hr. to the high-road from Thale, which leads by the Herzogshohe (view) and the Wilhelmsblick (p. 366) to (5 M.) Treseburg (p. 366). From Thale to the Hexentanzplatz (1 hr.). We cross the Bodethal road near the brewery (p. 366) and follow a path skirting the wood, and leading in a few minutes to the small bridge over the Steinbach. The path ascending in windings to the Hexentanz- platz diverges to the right before the bridge is reached. The car- riage-road diverges at the top of the hill from the high-road ascend- ing the Steinbachthal to Friedrichsbrunn. The *Hexentanzplatz (1526 ft. ; Hotel ) is a rocky plateau oppo- site the Rosstrappe, and 210 ft. higher, commanding a similar, and perhaps still more striking view. To the left in the distance rises the Brocken. In the vicinity are several other fine points of view. From the Hexentanzplatz to Treseburg by the Weisse Hirsch. We follow the path along the slope to the right, pass through a gate, and turn- ing to the right reach the (10 min.) LavUreshohe , a point of view oppo- site the Schurre (p. 366). We then turn slightly to the left, and reach the high-road leading to Treseburg. The latter soon passes ( 3 A hr. from the Tanzplatz) a monument to the forester Pfeil , a recumbent stag sur- rounded by six tine beeches. About 3 / 4 M. farther on, the road bends to the left and a forest-path leads to the right. In the middle is the path to the (5 min.) Weisse Hirsch (p. 366), from which a new path leads to Treseburg in 10-12 minutes. From Thale to Suderode (p. 365) and Gernrode (p. 364), b M. , a pleasant road, passing (4 M.) Stecklenberg , etc. (comp. p. 365). — The circuit by the Georgshohe , 1 hr. from Thale, and thence to (B/4 hr.) Steck- lenberg is recommended (guide desirable, l-B/2 in.). At the junction of the road from the station with that from the village of Thale a direc- tion-post indicates the forest-path to the Georgshohe (tavern), the tower on which commands a beautiful survey of the plain. A footpath descends hence through the wood into the valley. After 20 min. we reach a car- riage-road; we then pass 0/ 4 M.) a cross-way with a finger-post near a plaster-mill, and reach Stecklenberg 3 /4 M. farther. — From the Hexen- tanzplatz to the Georgshohe 1 hr. : follow the road descending from the inn to the S.E. to the high-road, cross the latter, and ascend a road to the left. 368 Route 70. BLANKENBURG. The Harz d. Blankenburg. Rubeland. Elbingerode. Blankenburg, Regenstein, and the Ziegenkopf 4-5 hrs., thence to Rube- land l 3 / 4 hr., Baumannshohle D /2 hr.; from Rubeland to Elbingerode 1 hr. (From Elbingerode to the Brocken 3 hrs., see p. 376.) — The part of the route between Blankenburg and Elend (p. 369) is not sufficiently attractive to repay the pedestrian. Blankenburg (749 ft.; *Weisser Adler , R. 2 m.; * Krone; Gebirgs-Hotel ; Engel ; Deutsches Haus ; Forsthaus , unpretending ; Inn on the Ziegenkopf, see below), a town with 4500 inhab., a favourite summer - resort , and connected with Halberstadt by a branch-railway (p. 360), is picturesquely situated on the slope of the hills and commanded by the lofty ducal Schloss. The approach to the latter passes the handsome old Rathhaus , into which five balls are built to commemorate the bombardment by Wallenstein during the Thirty Years’ War. The Schloss (1097 ft.), which is occupied by the duke in the shooting-season, contains reminiscences of the empress Maria Theresa, who spent her early childhood here, pic- tures, and various other objects of interest (castellan 1 m. ; ad- mission to the deer-park 50 pf.). On the Schnappelnberg stands a monument to those who fell in 1870-71. To the FT. of Blankenburg ( 3 / 4 hr.) rises the -Regenstein, or Reinstein , a precipitous sandstone cliff, 240 ft. above the plain, on the E. side of which a castle was erected by Emp. Henry the Fowler in 919, and after- wards considerably strengthened. In the Thirty Years 1 War it was cap- tured by Wallenstein, and in 1670 was taken possession of by the Elector of Brandenburg as a forfeited fief of Halberstadt. The works were dis- mantled by Frederick the Great. Little of it now remains except the vaults and embrasures hewn in the rocks. Entrance by a rock-hewn gateway on the E. side. Admirable view , especially towards Blanken- burg (tavern at the top). — If time permit, the traveller may return by (i/ 2 hr.) Heunburg (Deutsches Haus), a village with a castle (view), and the monastery of Michaelstein (Zur Waldmiihle), 2 M. to the N. of Blan- kenburg. — The Heidelberg , or Teufelsmauer (p. 366), is i 1 /? M. to the S. of Blankenburg. From Blankenburg to the Rosstrappe. The road to Treseburg is followed as far as (2 M.) Wienrode, a little beyond which an enclosure is crossed; at a finger-post the wood is entered to the left, and in 1 /4 hr. the Rosstrappe (p. 369) is reached. From Blankenburg to Rubeland, 6 M. The road should be followed for about a mile, and then quitted by a path to the right leading to the (10 min.) ^Ziegenkopf (1408 ft.; Inn), an emi- nence commanding an admirable view of Blankenburg , the Regen- stein, the rocky pinnacles of the Teufelsmauer , and the extensive plain. The road then ascends to (2 M.) the village of Huttenrode (1598 ft. ; Tanne), turns to the right, and gradually descends. At the (IV 2 M.) Marmormuhle it reaches the picturesque wooded and rocky valley of the Bode , which it ascends to (1^2 M.) * Rubeland (1290 ft. ; Goldner Lowe ; Grune Tanne) , a Bruns- wick village with foundries, lying in the valley of the Bode. On the left bank of the stream, 150 ft. above it, is the Baumannshohle (ascent near the two inns), a stalactite cavern which has been known for centuries. Opposite to it, on the right bank, is the smaller Biels- Mountains. STOLBERG. 70. Route . 369 hohle, where the stalactites are finer. A visit to one of these occu- pies an hour (1-2 pers. 2 l / 2 m., 3 pers. 2 3 / 4 m., each additional person 40 pf. more, Bengal lights included). A third cavern, the Sechserlinghohle , was discovered a few years ago. On a precipitous rock opposite the Tanne Inn rises the ruin of Birkenfeld. At Rubeland the road quits the valley of the Bode and ascends a mill-valley with curious rock-formations to (2y 2 M.) Elbingerode (1536 ft.; *Blauer Engel; Goldner Adler'), an important iron-min- ing town with 6000 inhabitants. Modern Gothic church. Most tra- vellers begin the ascent of the Brocken either here or at Elend (Deutsche Eiche), 6 M. farther (diligence). From Elbingerode to Wernigerode (p. 374), 6^2 M., a diligence also runs. Pedestrians should walk over the Biichenberg (p. 375), by a path to the left, diverging Vz M. from Elbingerode. e. Ilfeld. Neustadt unterm Hohnstein. Stolberg. Josephshohe. From Nieder-Sachswerfen to Ilfeld 3 M. , Neustadt 3*/2 M. , by Eichen- forst to Stolberg hr., by the Josephshohe to Alexisbad 4 hrs. From Nordhausen (p. 356) to Stolberg 13 M. (diligence twice daily). The high-road, which at first affords fine views of the Harz on the right and the Goldene Aue and the Kyffhauser on the left, unites near Rottleberode with that from Rossla (p. 355), and then ascends the picturesque Tyrathal towards the N. Pedestrians should proceed from station Nieder - Sachswerfen (p. 358) to (3 M.) Ilfeld (837 ft.; Goldne Krone), a village at the entrance to the romantic Behrethal (*Zur Tanne). The Praemon- stratensian abbey founded here by Count Hohnstein in 1196 was converted in 1544 into a school which still enjoys a high repute. A road to the W. leads hence by Osterode to (3*/ 2 M.) the village of Neustadt unter’m Hohnstein (860 ft.; Rathskeller ; Schmidt’s Hotel; Amtsschenke ), overshadowed by the ruins of the castle of Hohnstein (2040 ft.), the seat of the counts of that name, who be- came extinct in 1693. A hydropathic establishment was opened here in 1870. A footpath leads hence (guide necessary) by the lofty ruin of Ebersburg (restaurant) to the (3y 2 hrs.) Eichenforst shooting-lodge (view ; refreshments) and (1 hr.) — Stolberg (945 ft. ; *Freitag J s Hotel; *Eberhardt, unpretending), a place with many antiquated houses , charmingly situated in the valley of the Tyrabach , and frequently visited as summer-quarters, especially since the opening of the chalybeate baths in 1870. On an eminence rises the Chateau of Count Stolberg, the proprietor of the district, with a valuable library and armoury, surrounded with pleasure-grounds. Pleasing view from the Thiergarten. From Stolberg to Harzgerode and Alexisbad, 13!/ 2 M., diligence daily. Pedestrians should quit the road, 2 M. from Stol- berg, by a path leading to the right to the (*/ 2 hr.) summit of the Auerberg , called the * Josephshohe (1976 ft.; Inn), the wooden tower on which (100 ft. in height) commands a fine panorama. Baedeker’s N, Germany, 7th Edit. 24 370 Route 70. GOSLAR. The Harz Thence by Strassberg and the Victor- Friedrichs- Silberhutte , and down the Selkethal to (3 hrs.) Alexisbad (p. 364). II. The Western Harz. f. Goslar. Okerthal. Spend half-a-day at Goslar, take the train to Oker , walk through the valley to (2 hrs.) Romkerhalle , and by the Ahrendsberger Klippen to (4 hrs.) Harzburg. Goslar. — Hotels. Kaiserworth, an old Gothic house in the mar- ket, see below, R. & A. 2 m. 25, B. 80 pf. •, Hotel de Hanovre, Breite- Str. : Paul's Hotel, near the station; Romischer Kaiser, in the market; Hannibal’s Hotel, with restaurant, R. IV 4 -IV 2 — Kronprinz Ernst August, in the market, unpretending, R. 3 / 4-172 m. — Railway, see p. obO. Goslar (844 ft.), an ancient town with 9800 inhab., lies on the Gose , on the N. side of the Harz , at the foot of the metalliferous Rammelsberg (p. 371). The numerous towers, the partially pre- served ramparts, and the quaint old houses with wood-carving im- part an air of importance tq the place. Goslar was founded at the beginning of the 10th cent, and soon acquir- ed importance in consequence of the discovery of valuable silver -mines in the vicinity (p. 371). It became a favourite residence of the Saxon and Salic emperors, one of whose most extensive palaces was situated here. The attachment of the citizens to Henry IV., who was born at Goslar m 1050 involved the town in the misfortunes of that monarch. In 1188 the diet was held at Goslar under Frederick Barbarossa at which Henry the Lion was condemned to three years’ exile. In 1204 the town, which ad- hered steadfastly to the Hohenstaufen , was taken and destroyed by Otho IV., the rival of Philip. After a slow recovery from this disaster, it became a member of the Hanseatic League, and prospered about the year 1500. In 1802 it lost its independence for the first time and was annexed to Prussia. From 1816 to 1866 it belonged to Hanover. Near the station, to the left, is the handsome Romanesque church of the monastery of Neuwerk , of the close of the 12th cent, ; inter- esting choir; picture of the 13th cent, in the apse. Opposite to it rises the Paulsthurm , a remnant of the old fortifications. The street between these leads to the antiquated * Market , with the Rath- haus and Kaiserworth , and adorned with a large fountain-basin in metal, said to date from the 12th century. The Rathhaus , a simple Gothic edifice of the 15th cent., with an arcade beneath (entrance by the steps, round the corner to the left; visitors ring in the passage), contains a hall adorned about the year 1500 with *Paintings by Wohlgemuth. Interesting old books of the Gospels, charters, instruments of torture, and other curiosities are also shown. A small chapel adjacent contains a richly decorated tankard of 1407, a Gothic goblet of 1519, and other articles in silver. Near the staircase is the ‘Beisskatze’, a kind of cage in which shrews used to be incarcerated. The Kaiserworth , formerly a guild-house , now an inn , with an arcade below, dates from 1494, and is adorned with statues of eight German emperors. Passing between the Rathhaus and the Kaiser- worth, we reach the Marktkirche , a late- Romanesque church, with Gothic choir and aisle subsequently added. The library of the church Mountains. GOSLAR. 70. Route. 37 1 contains MSS. of Luther and others. The Brusttuch , opposite the W. portal of the church, a curious old house of the 16th cent., re- stored in 1870, is adorned with representations of satyrs in carved wood. From the Marktkirche a street leads to the left (S.) to a large open space where some venerable ruins still bear testimony to the ancient grandeur of Goslar. The so-called *Domcapelle was once the vestibule of the N. por- tal of a celebrated cathedral of St. Simon and St. Jude , which was founded by Henry III. in 1039, and taken down in 1820. Over the Portal are figures of Emp. Conrad II., his wife Gisela, and SS, Matthew, Simeon, and Jude. The richly sculptured column by the portal, executed, according to the inscription , by Hartmann , is worthy of particular notice. The Gorgon’s head which adorns the capital is a re- miniscence of the ancient use of such heads for the purpose of warding off evil influences. In the Interior are several interesting relics of the decorations of the ancient cathedral, sculptures, tombstones, including that of the Empress Gisela, and various curiosities, among which may be mentioned the L Krodo Altar’' , an oblong box made of plates of brass , borne by four stooping figures, and containing numerous round apertures. It was formerly sup- posed to be an altar of the idol Krodo, but was probably a reliquary, adorned with precious stones. The chapel is open the whole day in summer. Fee for 1-2 pers. 50, 3-4 pers. 75, 5-6 pers. 1 m. On an eminence to the right rises the *Kaiserpfalz, the oldest secular edifice in Germany, founded by Henry II. and extended by Henry III. (1039-56). It consists of the Saalbau and the chapel of St. Ulrich, connected by a wing. The upper floor of the Saalbau is occupied by the spacious imperial hall (56 yds. long, 17 yds. wide, 35 ft. high), which looks towards the Platz, with seven massive round-arched windows, and is approached by a broad flight of steps. The Chapel of St. Ulrich , a double chapel in the form of a Greek cross, dating from the close of the 11th cent., was destined for the domestic worship of the imperial court. The palace was burned down in 1289 and afterwards rebuilt, but disfigured by alterations and additions. The exterior was judiciously restored in 1879, and the interior is now undergoing the same process. — Proceeding hence to the right through the Klusthor, and skirting the railing, we reach the (V2 M.) Felsenkeller , where Goslar ‘Gose’, a peculiar kind of beer, may be tried. At the end of the Breiten-Strasse stands the Breitenthor , an old fortified gate. Hence we follow the ramparts towards the W. to the Zwinger , a round tower, now containing a tavern, and command- ing a fine survey of the town. The Farbensiimpfe , ponds fed by streams from the Rammelsberg, yield the ochre dye of this neighbourhood. A grotto and chapel hewn in the Klus , an isolated sandstone rock in the vicinity , are said to have been founded by Agnes (d. 1077), wife of Emp. Henry III. The Rammelsberg (2041 ft. above the sea -level), which rises above the town on the S. , has for eight centuries yielded gold (5-6 lbs. per an- num only), silver (25 cwt. per annum), copper, lead, zinc, sulphur, vitriol, and alum, a variety of minerals seldom found within such narrow limits. The mountain is honey-combed with shafts and galleries in every direc- 24 * 372 Route 70. HARZBURG. The Harz tion , but the output of the mines is much less considerable than for- merly. The mines, which present no difficulty, and may be explored even by ladies, are shown daily except Sundays. The whole expedition takes 2V2 hrs. On the road to Harzburg, 3M. to the W. of Goslar, lies the vil- lage and railway-station of Oker (679 ft. ; Luer’s Inn), which pos- sesses important foundries, belonging half to Brunswick and half to Prussia. It lies at the entrance to the wild *Okerthal, the road ascending which affords picturesque views of the precipitous cliffs. The road crosses the Oker by the (6 M.) Romkerbrilcke (*Hotel Rom- kerhalle, R. from l*/ 2 , ‘pension’ from 4y 2 m. 5 omnibus from Oker), where there is an artificial waterfall. A pleasant path leads hence via Kastenklippe and Elfenstein (p. 373) to (7V 2 M.) Harzburg. The high-road goes on to (6 M.) Olausthal (p. 376). A finger-post to the left, 1 M. from the inn, indicates the route across a bridge to the ( 3 /4 hr.) Ahrendsberger Klippen (p. 373). Beyond Ober- Schulenberg, about 3 M. from Romkerhalle, a forest-path, shorter than the road, diverges on the left to Olausthal. g. Harzburg. llsenburg. Wernigerode. Two Days (or, including the Brocken, three days). Harzburg and en- virons 5-6 hrs.; by the Rabenklippen to llsenburg 3 ] /2 hrs.; Ilsenstein and waterfalls 2 l / 2 hrs.; by the Plessenburg and through the Steinerne Renne to Wernigerode 3 hrs.; environs of Wernigerode 3-4 hrs. Harzburg. — Hotels. *Braunschweiger Hof, at the station ; "Linden- hof, Stadt Hamburg, second-rate, both opposite the station, 1 M. from the foot of the Burgberg. — "Bellevue, "Belvedere (private hotel), and *Lohr’s Hotel (‘pension’ from 5 m. per day), all at the foot of the Burg- berg ; Roterberg ; Burgkeller ; Englischer Hof; Goldener Lowe ; Stadt London; Linde. At the entrance to the Radauthal lie the much frequented salt-baths of : "Juliushall, with a hotel (charges according to tariff; baths, I6V2 m. per dozen, including fee). The spring rises in a large grotto, at the mouth oi which stands a figure of the pagan deity Krodo. — Above Juliushall, Wulffert’s Hotel; Radau Hotel; at the Papenberg, Hotel Ludwigs- LUSX . — The "Burgberg Hotel, on the hill, 40 min. from the Juliushalle, where a flag is hoisted when rooms are still to he had, commands a fine view _ To the W. of the Burgberg is the Curhaus (restaurant), above which, on the Schmalenberg, is the large *Actien-Hotel, opened in 1874, commanding a view in every direction, and capable of accommodating 250 visitors; R. from 2V2m., B. 1 m., A. 50, L. 50, omnibus 80 pf. (every thing else to be paid when obtained). — Lodgings for the summer are also easily procured. . . Carriages. From the station to Bad Juliushall, two-horse H/am., one- horse 1 m. ; to the Actien-Hotel 2 m. or IV2 m., to the Burgberg b or 4m., to the Radaufall 5 or 3 m., llsenburg 9 or 6 m., Romkerhalle and back 11 or 7 m., Wernigerode 15 or 10 m., Andreasberg or Clausthal 8 or 11 1/2, Brocken 24 or 16 m. ; return-fare one-third or one-half more, 1-2 hrs. wait- ing included; for longer waiting H/2 or 1 m. per hour. Tolls and additional horses (for the Brocken) extra. According to the tariff the driver s gra- nules 41/2 m. 1 per day, attendant’s fee 2 J /4 m.; to the Brocken 5 m., exclusive of a gratuity of 21/2 m. to the driver and the animal s food. Guides per day 2 m., or, including food and small articles ot luggage, 3 ^ Visitors’ Tax, 1 pers. 4 m., 2 pers, 6 m., 3 pers, 9 in. ; for a short stay 25 pf. per day. Mountains. ILSENBURG. 70. Route. 373 Harzburg , or Neustadt-Harzburg (771 ft.), the terminus of the railway (p. 357) in this direction, at the entrance to the Radauthal , consists of the villages of Neustadt , Bundheim , and Schlewecke , con- nected by numerous villas and gardens, and is a favourite summer- resort, with pleasant promenades which extend far into the Radau- thal and up the adjoining heights. The iinest point in the environs is the *Burgberg (1556 ft. ; Hotel, see above), crowned with the scanty ruins of the Harzburg, a castle of Emp. Henry IV., which commands an admirable prospect. The L Canossa Monument ’, erected in 1877, consisting of a granite obelisk with a bronze medallion of Prince Bismarck by Engelhard, refers to the humiliation of Emp. Henry IV. before Pope Gre- gory VI. at Canossa in 1077, and to the words used by the German Chancellor in the Reichstag in 1872 (‘we won’t go to Canossa!’). At the foot of the hill is the new Curhaus (see above). A bridge crosses to the pleasant Eichen (oaks) promenades , which contain a cafe and shopkeepers’ stalls (music frequently in the afternoon). The road leads thence to the (l J / 2 M.) Radaufall (*Restaurant), a line artificial cascade, whence we may return by a path to the right a little below the fall, crossing the Schmalenberg (views from the Barenstein and Wilhelmsbliclf). Beautiful walks on the W. side of the valley (with finger-posts): past the Hotel Ludwigslust to the (^lir-) Elfenstein (1280 ft. ; route marked E), the Kastenklippe (marked Ks.), in the Okerthal, 3 / 4 hr. farther, and the Silberborn , near the Elfenstein. On the E. side : to the (20 min.) Sennhiitte (whey) on the Mittelberg, the (1 hr.) Molkenhaus (1625 ft.), a chalet and tavern, and the ( 3 / 4 hr.) Sachsenhohe with its tower (see also below). Roads lead from Harzburg to (5 M.) { Oker (p. 372), and to (8V2 M.) Ilsenburg. Omnibus by Oker to Romkerhalle twice daily if a sufficient number of passengers present themselves. From Harzburg to the Okerthal by the Ahrend Merger Klippen , 4-4*/2 hrs. — The path ascends the Breitenberg near the Actien-Hotel and is indi- cated hy numerous way-posts. Refreshments at the (2V 2 hrs.) Ahrends- berger Forsthaus. The route by the Kastenklippe , mentioned above , is, however, preferable. — Ascent of the Brocken from Harzburg, see p. 375. From Harzburg to Ilsenburg by the Rabenklippen , 3-3y2 hrs. , guide desirable. A few minutes before the top of the Burgberg is reached, at a stone finger-post, the broad ‘Kaiserweg 1 diverges from the road to the E . (The name is derived from a tradition that Emp. Henry IV. fled in this direction when his castle was captured by the Saxons.) This road leads to the (10 min.) Saperstelle , a spot with a bench, where direction- posts indicate the way to the left to the Sachsenhohe (see above), to the right to the Molkenhaus and the Brocken, and in a straight direction to the Kattenase and the ( 3 / 4 hr.) Rabenklippen (the path to the latter, marked KR, turning to the right towards the end), where a fine -View of the Eckerthal and the Brocken is enjoyed (restaurant). We then return to the point where the path turned to the right, and descend by a zigzag path towards the N.E. to the (20 min.) Eckerthal , from which a road leads to (U/2 M.) Eckerkrug (Restaurant). Thence by a forest-path to the right (S.E.) to (l 1 /^ M.) Ilsenburg. Ilsenburg (781 ft. ; *Rothe Forellen , with pleasant garden ; *I)eutscher Hof; Stadt Stolberg') is a busy village of 3500 inhab. at the mouth of the Usethal, with Iron Works of Count Stolberg- 374 Route 70. WERNIGERODE. The Harz Wernigerode, where artistic and other objects in cast iron are manu- factured. It is commanded by the handsome Romanesque Schloss of the count, on an eminence to the S.E, originally founded in 998 as a Benedictine abbey. The * Ilsethal, one of the finest valleys in the Harz, presents a succession of remarkably picturesque rock and forest scenes, enlivened by a series of miniature cascades, and rendered still more interesting by the numerous romantic legends attaching to it. The valley is traversed by a carriage-road, and also by a footpath (see below). The former leads to the (1 l /% M.) foot of the *Ilsenstein, a precipitous buttress of granite, rising to a height of 500 ft. above the valley. From the Prinzess Use tavern at the foot several paths lead to the ( l k hr ) summit, where an iron cross has been erected to some of the fallen warriors of 1813-15 (fine view). The best survey of the Ilsenstein itself is obtained from the benches , a few hundred paces above the tavern. The road, which continues to accompany the stream and its pretty * Wafer , falls for upwards of 3 M., is recom- mended to the lover of the picturesque, even if the ascent of the Brocken fp. 375) is not contemplated. — A footpath direct from Ilsenburg to ( 8 / 4 hr.) the top of the Ilsenstein diverges from the road to the left, a few paces beyond the village, and crosses a bridge In descending from the Ilsenstein a footpath to the right, marked P and PI and also a road diverging to the left from the road in the Ilsethal, lead to the (3/ 4 hr.) Plessenburg , a forester’s house and a favourite point for picnics. Road hence, marked St. R., to the (D/2 M.) Wernigerode i road which ascends to the right to (l 1 / 2 M.) the Stemerne Renne. — Another road from the Plessenhurg to Wernigerode leads by Altenrode ( se ® From Ilsenburg to Wernigerode, 5 3 / 4 M. The road leads by Dricbeck , with its ancient but much altered Romanesque church, and Altenrode. Diligence twice, omnibus four times daily. Wernifferode. — Hotels. *Weisser Hirsch, in the market-, Deut- sches Haus and •Knauf’s Hotel in the B urg-S trasse; Verlanaerte Bure-Str. : *Gothisches Haus, m the market , Preussischer “ near the lurgthor; We.sskk Schwan, Breite-St.- nn thp T/indenbers: with view, l p ensi0n b m., R * W 2 ' 2 m - ~ Muhlenthal, in the Muhlenthal.’ — Beer : Ahrends , Breite-Str. 5 Gesellschaftshaus , near the ^Carriage "kTthe Steinerne Renne 6 m., Ilsenburg 6, Rubeland lOi^, Regenstei/ 9 m. ; fee 1-2 m. - Omnibus from the station to Hasserode several times daily in V 2 hr., fare 40 pf. , .. Wernigerode (770 ft.), the terminus of the branch-line men- tioned at p. 360, with a loftily situated Schloss, containing an exten- sive library of 72,000 vols. and 1000 MSS., and a park of the Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode , lies picturesquely on the slopes of the Harz Mts., at the confluence of the Zilligerbach and the Holzemme. Pop. 11 500. The *Rathhaus , of the 14th cent., recently altered, and many of the houses are picturesque old Gothic structures. Near the back of the Rathhaus is a house with an inscription referring to Goethe’s visit to the Harz in 1777. The Gymnasium is a modern Gothic structure. The town possesses two monuments commemorat- ing the wars of 1866 and 1870-71. The *Thiergarten or park, the Mountains. BROCKEN. 70. Route. 375 Hartenberg , the Christianenthal near the suburb Noscherode , the Lindenberg (Hotel), to the S. of the town, and the Armenleuteberg afford beautiful walks. The most attractive excursion from Wernigerode is to the Stei - nerne Renne. The road ascends the valley of the Holzemme , by Friedrichsthal, to (3 M. from the station) Hasserode (Hotel Hohn- stein , R.2m.; Zur Steinernen Renne ; omn. see p. 374), a village much visited as a summer-resort. At the entrance to the village a finger-post indicates the road to the left to Schierke, Hohnstein, and Hohne, and to the right to the Steinerne Renne. Pedestrians may quit the road a little farther on by a path to the left, past the inn Zur Steinernen Renne. The road now ascends the beautiful, pine- clad valley of the Holzemme, or *Steinerne Renne, which gradually becomes more imposing, especially when the brook is high. At the farthest bridge, A l / 2 from Hasserode, there is a small inn, near which is the Wodanshohe , commanding a fine view. A little beyond it a broad path to the left leads to the Hohenstein (see below), and one to the right to the Plessenburg in 1 hr. (see p. 374). From the inn to the Brocken, see below. By the path just mentioned the traveller may, with a guide, ascend the (1 hr.) Hohenstein (view), and proceed by the Hohneklippen (2977 ft.; p. 376) to the Schierke road, or to Hohne , and then return by the road to Hasserode. To Elbingerode , 7 M. from Wernigerode, diligence once daily, through the suburb of Noscherode and up the valley of the Zilligerbach. A finger-post 3V2 M. from Wernigerode indicates a path to the right to the Biichenberg , a fine point of view (inn). Thence to Elbingerode 7a hr. (comp. p. 369). h. The Brocken. The Routes to the top of the Brocken are all indicated by white ca- pital letters painted on the trees and rocks. Ascent of the Brocken from Harzbdrg (p. 372), 372-4 hrs. — To the Molkenhaus (1 hr.), see p. 373. Ascend thence by the straight path towards the S.; then descend, past the Muxklippe , a projecting rock (on the left) commanding a good view of the Brocken and the Eckertlial, to the (25 min.) Dreiherrnbriicke across the Ecker; then follow the stream to the finger-post indicating the way to the ( 3 / 4 hr.) Schar/ensteiner Molkenhaus , beyond which the path skirts the Pesekenkopf; 35 min., the road is crossed, the Pflasterstoss and Kleine Brockenklippen rocks are passed, and the Brocken- haus (p. 376) soon reached. From Ilsenburg (p. 373), 372-4 hrs., by the carriage-road, more pictu- resque than from Harzburg. To the Ilsenstein 2 M., see p. 374. At a finger-post, 3 M. farther, the route to the Brocken diverges to the right; after 3 / 4 hr. another post indicates two paths to the Brocken. That to the left leads through wood to an open space where charcoal-burners pursue their avocations (hoy to show the way 30-50 pf.). Then ascend to the right, skirting the brook for 20 min., and again enter the wood; 3 / 4 hr., union of the Harzburg and Ilsenburg paths; 12 min., Brockenhaus (see p. 376). From Wernigerode (p. 374), through the Steinerne Renne, 472-5 hrs. (carriage-road via the Plessenburg). — To the highest bridge in the valley (see above), 27 2 hrs. ; thence ascend by the new road, which passes above this bridge, for 74 hr., and turn to the right in l /\ hr. more. Then (guide desirable; one of the charcoal-burners will point out the way in case of doubt) ascend to the (72 hr.) top of the Renneckenberg (view); 10 min., the Brocken road is reached, and the summit is attained in 1 hr. more. 376 Route 70. CLAUSTHAL. The Harz From Elbingerode (p. 369), 31 / 2-4 hrs. - A little way from the village the footpath enters the wood to the right and at (I 1/2 hr.) Schierke reaches the road described below. From Blend Cp. 369), 2>/ 2 -3hrs. - The road diverges _to the: right from the high-road at a turnpike and leads to (IV 2 M.) Schierke (1850 ft. , Inn), a scattered village, the highest among the Harz Mts. The road crosses the bridge and ascends to the left. The neighbouring rocks derive various whimsical names from their grotesque forms. To the right, above, are the Hohneklippen; to the left, looking back, we see the Schnarcher on the opposite Bahrenberg. Occasional short-cuts are indicated by finger-posts. An iron finger-post (3 M.) is reached at the union of this road with that ftom Ilsenburg To the top 3 M. more, but the last bend of the road may be cut off by a footpath. From Andreasberg to the Brocken, 5 hrs., see p. 377. The Brocken, or Blocksberg , the Mons Bructerus of the Romans, 3417 ft. above the sea-level, forming together with its neighbours the Brockengebirge , the nucleus of the Harz , rises to a considerable height above the lofty plateau of the latter , and is the highest mountain in Central Germany. Vegetation becomes very scanty near the summit, and no trees grow within 100 ft. of it. Inn at the top (R. 3m,B. 75 pf., table d’hote 2 m.> The Tower commands an extensive *View in clear weather, the towers of Magdeburg, Leipsic, Erfurt, Gotha, Cassel, Hanover, and Brunswick being visible, but an unclouded horizon is unfortunately rare The traveller should attain the summit before sunset, in order to have two opportunities of obtaining a view. Although the Brocken attracts numerous visitors, it is by no means one of the finest points of the Harz Mts. ; these are rather to he sought for on the E. and g slopes Several grotesque blocks of granite to the S. of the tower have received the names of D ev il J s Pulpit, Witches Altar, etc. Tradition points out this spot as the meeting-place of the witches on St. Walpurgis’ Night, the eve of Mayday. Goethe’s use of this tradition in ‘Faust’ is well known. The Brocken Spectre, an optical phenomenon rarely Jitoew ^ has doubtless contributed to confirm the superstitions attaching to the moun tain. When the summit is unclouded and the sun is on one Side, i mists rise on the other, the shadows of the mountain and the objects on “ are cast Tn gigantic proportions on the wall of fog, increasing or dimm- ishing according to circumstances. i. Clausthal. Andreasberg. From Vienenburg to Clausthal, railway in 2 1 / 2 hrs., see p. 361. From Goslar to Clausthal Mfr M, thence to Andreasberg Id*/* M., or to Elbingerode 18 M. (diligence in each case). . Clausthal f 1840 ft.; *Goldene Krone, R. 2 m.; Deutscher Kaiser , Rathhaus ; Stadt London'), the most important place in Oberharz and the seat of the mining authorities, with Zellerfeld ( Deutsches Hausl, which is separated from it by the Zellbach , forms a sing e town with 12,800 inhab., chiefly miners. Country bleak and sterile. Most of the houses are of wood. The Bergschule , in the market, contains a collection of models and minerals. Mountains. ANDREASBERG. 70. Route. 377 Mines. The Caroline and Dorothea mines, P/2 M. from Clausthal, are less easy of access than those of the Rammelsberg. Pennission from the superintendent necessary. The Georg- Wilhelm mine is 2135 ft. in depth. The mines around Clausthal are drained by means of the Georgsstollen , a chan- nel 6 M. long, terminating near Grund. , ... Altenau (Rammelsberg . ‘pension 1 33/4 m. ; Schiitzenhaus ; Rathhaus ), 072 M. N.E. of Clausthal, on the road to Oker (p. 372), is a favourite summer- residence. By the footpath it is somewhat nearer. Diligence from Altenau to (1272 M.) Oker daily. ,... To Osterode , a railway-station , 8 3 /4 M. from Clausthal , a diligence runs twice daily , passing several picturesque points , e. g. the inn at, the foot of the (1V 4 M.) Heiligenstock. The old road, which is shorter and more interesting for pedestrians, diverges a little beyond the Ziegelhiitte ( Inn), and passes through the village of (472 M.) Lerbach (Riickert s Inn, pension 4 m. ; Schiitzenhaus), a favourite summer-resort. Osterode , see p. 307. From Clausthal to Andreasberg, 13 M. The road crosses the bleak lofty plateau of the Oberharz. The (3 M.) Sperberhaier Damm supplies the mines of Clausthal with water. At the (7 M.} Sonneberger Wegehaus the road turns to the S. , while that in a straight direction leads to Braunlage (see below). Pedestrians may here quit the diligence and follow the latter road to the Oderteich , an artificial reservoir, whence a ^Footpath leads to Andreasberg in II /2 hr., skirting a conduit called the Rehberger Graben. Fine view to the left of the rocky bed of the Oder , to the right of the pre- cipitous Rehberger Klippen. The *Inn at the Rehberger Grubenhaus , II /2 M. from Andreasberg, is a good point for a prolonged stay. Andreasberg (1825 ft.; Rathskeller ; Von Busch ; Schiitzenhaus ), a small town situated in a lofty and bleak region, has recently come into favour as a summer-residence on account of its bracing moun- tain air. Pop. 3300. It possesses important mines. The Samson silver-mine, the deepest in the Harz Mts. (2871 ft.) is easy ol access. Specimens of the minerals of the Harz may be purchased at the Neuf anger Zechenhaus. — Diligence by Braunlage to (lS^lVl.) Elbingerode (p. 369) daily. — To stat. Scharzfeld-Lauterberg (p. 357), 8 M., diligence twice daily. To Herzberg (p. 357), 9 M., from Andreasberg, a pleasant road leads by (47 2 M) Sieber (Inn) and through the pretty Sieberthal. To the Brocken. The road from Andreasberg leads by Braunlage , Blend , and Schierke (p. 376); the footpath, far more attractive, by ^the ■ Reh- berger Grabeh to the (2 lirs.) Oderteich (see above) , and thence by Oder - truck (’"Forester's Inn) to the (3 hrs.) summit (path marked by blocks of granite). 71. From Cassel to Frankfort on the Main. 124 M. Railway. Express in 47*2 hrs. (fares 17 m. 30, 13 m. 30 pf.); ordinary trains in 6-8 hrs. (fares 16 m., 12 m., 8 m.) - Express gom Ber- lin to Frankfort in ll 3 /4 hrs. (fares 48 m. 90, 06 m. 30 pf. \ comp. RR. 4, 7). Cassel , see p. 93. At (272 M.) Wilhelmshohe the line crosses the avenue (p. 101). 872 M. Guntershausen (Rail. Restaurant ; Bellevue) is the junction of the Eisenach line (R. 57). Near (17 M.) Gensungen the abrupt Heiligenberg rises to the left, and the lofty tower of the Felsberg (1375 ft.) to the right; farther on, at the 378 Route 71. WILDUNGEN. From Cassel confluence of the Sehwalm and the Eder, stands the Altenburg. To the right in the background is the ruin of Oudensberg. 22 M. Wabern, with on old chateau, is the station for Wildungen . Diligence and omnibus twice daily from Wabern to Wildungen, 13 M. to tbe W. The road ascends tbe valley of the Eder , leading first to (5 M.) Fritzlar, an old town with 2900 inhab. , prettily situated on the left bank of the stream, surrounded by mediaeval watch-towers, and con- taining several interesting buildings. The * Cathedral , which once be- longed to the Benedictine abbey founded by St. Boniface, to whom the town owes its origin , was erected about the year 1200 on the site of an earlier church. It is a Romanesque edifice, with a crypt and two Gothic aisles added on the S. side in the 14th century. The S. tower fell in 1869. The monuments, choir-stalls, etc., of the 14th cent, and the handsome Gothic cloisters are worthy of inspection. The treasury contains six valuable ecclesiastical vessels. — The * Church of the Minorites { now Prot.) dates from the 14th century. — At Oeismar , situated above Fritzlar, about i/ 2 M. to the N.W., St. Boniface is said to have felled the sacred oak dedicated to the god Thor in 732. . The road follows the right bank of the Edder, crosses the frontier of the principality of Waldeck beyond the village of Ungedanken , and Wildungen {Hdtel de Russie , at the entrance to the town, somewhat distant from the centre of attraction ; Post , at the exit towards the springs, well spoken of, R. l l U-2, B. 3 / 4 , d. l 3 / 4 m. ; see also below) or Nieder- Wildungen as it is sometimes called to distinguish it from Alt- Wildungen, situated to the N., about 160 ft. higher, with the Schloss Friedrichstein , commanding a survey of the pretty, wooded environs. The Gothic Stadt- kirche at Nieder- Wildungen contains the marble monument of Count Josias of Waldeck (died in Candia, 1669), a formidable antagonist of the Turks, and a good winged altar-piece painted by Conrad von Soest in 1402. — The mineral Springs (70° Fahr.), which contain iron and nitrogen, and are beneficial in cases of bowel-complaints, diseases of the bladder, etc., lie a little to the S.W. (1500 patients annually). The most important is the Georg- Victor- Quelle , on the road to Hundsdorf, 1/2 M. distant, where there are pleasure-grounds, hotels, and villas (Hotel Zimmermann ; Goecke ; Europaischer Hof, rooms only; -Bad-und-Logirhaus , with table-d hote, in the pleasure-grounds; Villa Kruger, Stocker, Schreiber, Schmidt, etc.). The Curhaus , also on the Hundsdorf road, contains a restaurant and reading-room. Dr. Roerig's Brunnen , at the K.E. end of the town, below Schloss Friedrichstein, is another favourite spring. Pleasant walks to the Katzenstein and back in 3 / 4 hr. ; to the Zickzcickberg and the Henriettas RuE above it, and back, 3 / 4 hr. ; ascent of the Homberg and back, 2 hrs. — A road diverging to the left from the high-road as we quit the town leads to the (P/ 4 M.) Helenen- Quelle, the second in importance of the springs. Pleasant walk thence to the Thai- Quelle and the Stahl- Quelle, from which we may return to the town by the high-road (2 hrs.), pass- ing the Georg-Victor-Quelle. — About 7'/2 M. to the N. of Wildungen is situated the old chateau of Waldeck (Restaurant) , which commands an admirable view of the Eder and is frequently visited from Wildungen. 27 M. Borken; 30 M. Zimmer sr ode ; 38 M. Treysa , the junction for the line to Niederhone (p. 382} ; 44 M. Neustadt. On a wooded hill to the left of (55 M.) Kirchhain lies the old town of Amoneburg, the venerable church of which was founded by St. Boniface. 64V2 M. Marburg (* Ritter ; Hotel Pfeiffer; Hessischer Hof; Rail. Restaurant ), a small town with 9600 inhab., on the Lahn, is charmingly situated in a semicircle round the precipitous Schloss- berg. The University, now attended by 550 students, was the first founded (by Philip the Generous, in 1527} without papal privileges. MARBURG. 71. Route. 379 to Frankfort. The chief hoast of Marburg is the *Chub,ch of St. Elizabeth, erected in 1235-83 in the finest German early-Gothic style, and restored in 1860 , affording in its pure simplicity and noble pro- portions an admirable example of the impressiveness of this style. W. towers 310 ft. in height. (Sacristan opposite the church ; ring ; ^ Soon after the death of St. Elizabeth (p. 337 ; d. in 1231 , in her 24th year), the church was erected over her tomb , which attracted multitudes ot pilgrims from every part of Europe. The Emp. Frederick II. , one o these devotees , caused a crown of gold to be placed on the head of the saint whose Remains were deposited in a richly decorated silver -gilt, sarcophagus. The Landgrave Philip (founder of the university) , m order to put an end to the pilgrimages, caused the bones to he removed and in- terred in an unknown spot in the church. The sarcophagus is still pre- served in the sacristy near the high-altar. In 1810 the French carried it off to Cassel and despoiled it of its jewels, but it was restored to Marburg in 1814 The mortuary chapel is adorned with a carved representation ot the Coronation of the Virgin, and winged pictures by Durer (?)* in the interior the Nativity and Death of Mary * ancient carving and pictures at the four side-altars. Numerous monuments of Hessian princes and knights of the Teutonic Order dating from the 14th and 15th centuries (amongst others the tombstone of Landgrave Conrad von Thunngen, d. 1243) are preserved in the S. transept. The Lutheran Church, on a terrace commanding a fine view, a finely proportioned structure of the 15th cent. , contains several large monuments of Landgraves and other princes. The town boasts of a number of interesting old buildings in the Steinweg (Cafe Quentin, with a Renaissance portal), in theWetter- gasse, in the market-place, in which is situated the Rathhaus (1512), in the Ritter-Str. (Zum Hirsch, a timber building of 1576), and in several others. — The new University , Observatory , Anatomie, and other academical institutions , chiefly in the Gothic style, are the principal modern buildings. The extensive and well preserved Schloss (87b ft.), to which a steep road ascends from the church of St. Elizabeth in 20 min., was a residence of the princes of Hessen in the 15th and 16th cen- turies, and afterwards a state-prison. It is now judiciously restored, and contains the valuable Hessian archives (formerly in Cassel), and those of Fulda and Hanau. The fine Gothic chapel and the Rittersaal are worthy of inspection. In this chateau the famous disputation between Luther, Zwingli, Melanchthon, and other re- formers took place in 1529. They met, on the invitation of Philip the Generous, with a view to adjust their differences regarding the Eucharist, but the attempt proved abortive owing to Luther’s tenacious adherence to the precise words, ‘Hoc est corpus meum , which he wrote in large letters on the wall. Beautiful views from the Schloss, and in descending to the town by the other side (72 hr.). Environs. Good paths, provided with finger-posts, lead to a number of other beautiful points of view. The Spiegelslust (1201 ft.) , a height above the station, is ascended in 40 min. •, morning-lights most favourable. From the Elisabethbrunnen near the village of Schrock , 4 M. distant, an- 380 Route 71. GIESSEN. From C asset other good view, towards Schoneburg , may be obtained; the building covering the spring was built in the Renaissance style in 1596. On the left bank of the Lahn are the (1 hr.) Lichte Kuppel (1203 ft.) and the Frauenberg (1240 ft.) with a ruined castle. — On the right bank, above the church of St. Elizabeth, rises the oak-clad Kirchspitze (1050 ft.), from which forest-paths lead to the quarries of Wehrda. From Marburg a diligence runs daily via Munchhausen to Frankenberg (227*2 M. to the N.W.). The Marienkirche here dates from 1300; on the S.E. side is the beautiful Gothic *Liebfrauen-Capelle (1386). The line follows the fertile valley of the Lahn till Giessen is reached. On an eminence beyond (74 M.) Fronhausen, to the left, rise the ruins of Stauffenberg (aline point of view, IT /4 M. from Lollar). 78 M. Lollar , whence a line diverges to (11 M.) Wetzlar. Beyond Lollar the castle of Gleiberg (Inn) is seen to the right ; still farther distant, Fetzberg. Beyond Giessen, 2 M. to the S.E. of the town, rises Schloss Schiffenberg , the property of the grand-duke of Hessen, once a lodge of the Teutonic Order (extensive view). 83 M. Giessen (*Kuhne , near the station ; *Einhorn; Rappe ; Prinz Carl; beer and fine view at the Felsenkeller) , on the Lahn, a town chiefly of modern origin , with 14,000 inhab. , is the seat of a university, founded in 1607 (350 stud.). From Giessen to Fulda, 66 M., in 372 hrs. (fares 5 m. 60, 6 m. 45, 4 m. 30 pf.), a route of no great interest. Alsfeld (Krone), the principal place on this line, and the oldest town in Oberhessen, possesses two fine Gothic churches and several interesting late -Gothic and Renaissance edi- fices of the 15th and 16th cent.., most of which are in the market-place. Fulda , see p. 383. From Giessen to Gelnhausen, 44 M., in 272-372 hrs. (fares 5 m. 60, 4 m. 20, 2 m. 80 pf.). The most important station is Nidda , near which is the small bath of Salzhausen. Gelnhausen , see p. 384. From Giessen to Coblenz, railway in 3 3 /4 hrs., see Baedeker's Rhine. 89 M. Langgons. About 3 M. to the left of (94 M.) Butzbach , a small town in the fertile Wetterau, rise the extensive ruins of the castle of Munzenberg , destroyed in the Thirty Years’ War. The higher (154 ft.) of the two towers commands a fine view. 100 M. Nauheim. — Hotels. Hotel de l’Europe ; Bellevue; Cur- saal; Deutsches HausJ; Goldener Engel; Iburg. — Private Apartments 6-30 m. per week. Restaurants. Neuer Cursaal; Gaft Germania ; Gaft, de Paris. Visitors’ Tax for stay of more than five days, 10 m. ; each additional member of a family, 5 m. Cabs. One-horse per drive, 1-2 pers. 50 pf., 3-4pers. 70 pf. ; two-horse, 75 pf. or 1 m. 5 pf. ; per hour 2 m. 5, 2 m. 75, 4 m. 30, 5 m. 15 pf. Nauheim , a town with 3000 inhah., in a healthy situation on the N.E. slopes of the Taunus Mts., possesses warm saline springs, impregnated with carbonic acid gas, which attract upwards of 5000 patients annually. Extensive evaporating houses and salt-pans. The water of the Friedrich- Wilhelms- Sprudel (95° Fahr.), the Grosse Sprudel (90°) and the Kleine Sprudel (84°) are used for the various baths, which are admirably fitted up. The Friedrich-Wilhelms- Sprudel, which plays for a few minutes on Sundays only at 5 p.m., throws up a milky jet of saline water about 50 ft. in height. The springs used for drinking are the Curbrunnen , the Carlsquelle (re- to Frankfort. FRIEDBERG. 71. Route . 381 sembling the Rakoczy of Kissingen), and the Ludwigsquelle (alkaline water). Adjoining the Trinkhalle are several greenhouses connected with the pleasure-grounds. At the foot of the Johannisberg, about i/ 2 M. from the station, is the handsome Conversationshaus , with elegant rooms and a fine terrace overlooking the extensive grounds. The Teichhaus, at the upper end of the park, is much visited. The Johannisberg , a wooded height, 20 min. to the W. of the Cursaal, com- mands a fine view (two-horse carr. 3 m. 10 or 3 m. 45 pf.). Excursions may also be made to the Stadtwald , Hof HaselecJc , Schloss Ziegenberg (B /2 hr. ; one-horse carr. 6 m. or 6 m. 90, two-horse 10 m. 30 pf. or 12 m.), the ruin of Munzenberg , etc. The train skirts the Gradirhauser (evaporating sheds) , and crosses a lofty viaduct to — 103 M. Friedberg (Hotel Trapp), a Hessian district-town with 4300 inhab.. once a free Imperial city, and still retaining traces of its former importance. The Protestant Liebfrauenkirche , a Gothic edifice, was built in 1290-1350 ; the towers date from the 15th cent.; the interior contains a screen, tabernacle , and tombstones of the 14th and 15th cent., and also Gothic stained glass. The so-called Romerbad or Judenbad , in the Judengasse, existed in the 14th cen- tury. On the N. side rises a fine, well-preserved watch-tower, 165 ft. high, near which is the beautiful Palace Garden (generally open to the public). The old Castle is partly used as a barrack, partly as a grand- ducal chateau. As the train approaches Frankfort , the Taunus Mts. are seen on the right. — 118 M. Bonames, the station for the baths of Homburg. 124 M. Frankfort, see Baedeker's Rhine. 72 . From Gottingen to Bebra and Frankfort on the Main. 153 M. Express in 5*/2 hrs. (fares 21 m. 80, 16 m. 50, 11 m. 70 pf.). — Express from Berlin to Frankfort, 339 M., in 12 hrs. (fares 49 m. 10, 36 m. 90, 26 m. 40); from Leipsic to Frankfort, 237 M., in 9 hrs. (fares 34 m. 50, 25 m. 70 pf., 18 m.). Gottingen , see p. 102. — The train ascends the wide Leinethal to (51/2 M.) Obernjesa and (8 M.) Friedland. 12 M. Eichenberg is the junction of the Nordhausen and Cassel line (p. 356); at the village, to the W. of the station, is an intermittent spring called the ‘Karlsquelle’. A picturesque walk may be taken hence to (1 hr.) the ruins of Iianstein (Restaurant ; * View) and (t/ 2 h r 0 Teufels- kanzel ; Allendorf (see below) may be reached in D /4 hr. more. The chateau of Arnstein is seen on the right. The train passes through two tunnels and reaches the valley of the Werra ; to the right, on the other side of the river, rises the castle of Ludwigstein, on the left the Hanstein just mentioned. The river is now crossed. 21 M. Allendorf; the station lies on the left bank, at Sooden , a village with salt-works and salt-baths. The Klausberg is a fine point of view. — 25 1 / 2 M. Albungen (Heiligenstein) ; the castle of (1 M.) Furstenstein , beyond the Werra, commands a charming view. 382 Route 72. ESCHWEGE. From Gottingen The Meisner (2464 ft.), a hill well-known in German traditionary lore, may be ascended from Albungen in 2 hours. The route leads through the romantic Hollenthal , passing the ruin of Bilstein and the villages of Abterode and Vockerode , to the coal-mine of Schwalbenthal. The Kalbe and the Lusthauschen are admirable points of view; in a rocky labyrinth be- low the latter lie the Altar stein , a pagan altar, and the Frau-Hollen-Teich. A visit may also be paid to the Kitzkammer , with its imposing basaltic formations, and to the interesting mountain-railway for coal-traffic at Brans- rode (21/2 M. iong). Descent to Niederhone. The train again crosses the Werra. 28^2 M. Niederhone. From Niederhone to Leinefelde, see p. 356. The first station is (2 M.) Eschwege (H6tel Koch), an industrious town with 8000 inhab., on the Werra, said to have been founded by Charlemagne, and mentioned in documents of the 10th century. It afterwards belonged to the Land- graves of Thuringia. The chateau, built in 1380 and restored in 1581, is occupied by the authorities of the district. The ‘Schwarze Thurm’ is the sole relic of a Cyriac monastery, established before 1038. The Karlskirche , near the handsome Realschule , commands a fine view of the valley. The grounds on the Leichtberg also afford several beautiful prospects. — Charm- ing excursions may be taken to the Hohenholz , the Hornekuppe , the Grei- fenstein, and the Hitlfensberg (resort of pilgrims). Diligence from Eschwege twice daily to (7 M.) Wanfried. About 2 M. farther on is Treffurt, with the ruins of Normannstein, near which the * Heldrastein , commanding a magnificent view, towers to a height of 1080 ft. above the valley of the Werra. — From Treffurt to Eisenach (p. 334), 16 M. From Niederhone to Treysa, 50 M. This railway, at present not tra- versed by express-trains, will ultimately form part of the most direct route from Berlin to Metz. 8 M. Waldkappel , whence a branch diverges to Wilhelmshohe and Cassel (31 M.). — 19 M. Spangenberg , at the base of a hill crowned bv an old castle of the same name. Late-Gothic church. — 251/2 M. Malsfeld (p. 323). 37 M. Homberg , overlooked by a ruined castle. 48 M. Ziegenhain , once a strong fortress, frequently besieged, but rased in the time of Napoleon I. — 50 M. Treysa , see p. 378. The train now quits the Werra. 31 M. Reichensachsen , 2^2 M. to the E. of which rises the Blaue Kuppe , a volcanic cone of pecu- liar formation. 33 M. Hoheneiche. About 2^/2 M. to the S.E. are the ruins of Boyneburg , the chapel of which was endowed by Fre- derick Barbarossa in 1188; the present ruins date from the 14th century. — The train now ascends the valley of the Sonter. 37 M. Sontra; 42 M. Comb erg. 50 M. Bebra (p. 323), the junction for the Berlin, Halle, and Leipsic, and the Cassel lines. The Frankfort line ascends the valley of the Fulda to (bl 72 M.) Hersfeld (Stern; Deutsches Haus), a thriving town with 6500 in- hab., situated at the point where the valleys of the Haun and the Geis branch off from the Fuldathal. The Benedictine abbey of Hersfeld, founded in 769, was formerly of great importance; the se- cular buildings are now a gymnasium. The * Abbey Church , built in the 11th and 12th cent, and destroyed by the French in 1761, is still imposing in its ruins. The Stadtkirche dates from the 15th century. The old Eichhof , 2y 2 M. farther up the Fuldathal, contains a room once occupied by Luther. The Wippershainer Hohe and the Frauenberg , the latter crowned with a ruined church, are two good points of view. The train now ascends the valley of the Haun. To the left rise FULDA. 72. Route. 383 to Frankfort. the hills of the Rhon . 66 M. Neukirchen , at the foot of the basaltic Stoppelberg , which commands an admirable view and hears the ruined castle of Hauneck. 72 M. Burghaun ; 744/2 M. Hunfeld. 85 M. Fulda ( *Kurfiirst , R. & B. 2ty 2 5 * Wolff , Rupperti, both at the station ; D arms tadter Hof ; Halber Mond), an ancient town on the Fulda, with 11,000 inhab., situated in a pleasant, undulating district, derives its origin from a once celebrated abbey founded by St. Boniface in 744, hut now contains little to interest the traveller. Its numerous towers and other public buildings still testify to its ancient dignity as the residence of a prelate of princely The Cathedral , with a dome 108 ft. in height , was erected in the 18th cent, in imitation of St. Peter’s at Rome. On a pillar by the E. entrance there is a very ancient figure of Char- lemagne, dating from a much earlier structure, of which the only rem- nant is the now restored crypt, or Chapel of St. Bonitace, beneath the choir. Here, beneath the altar, repose the remains of St. Boniface (Win- fried), a zealous English promulgator of Christianity, who was slain by the heathen Frisians near Dockum in Westfriesland in 754. The small Church of St. Michael , adjoining the cathedral, was consecrated in 822, to which period belong the crypt and the octa- gon above it with its eight thick columns. The Romanesque nave and the rest of the edifice date from the end of the 11th century. The church was judiciously restored in 1854. In front of the Schloss rises a Statue of St. Boniface , in bronze. Fine views of the town and environs are obtained from the Frauenberg , immediately beyond the gate of the town, and the Petersberg , iy 2 M. distant. Gersfeld , 18y 2 M. to the E. of Fulda (diligence once daily), with a chateau and beautiful park belonging to Count Frohburg, is the best start- ing-point for excursions in the Rhongebirge. The most attractive are to Milseburg , where a delightful view may be obtained, and to the Teufels- stein and Steinwand , both remarkable for their peculiar rock-formation. Branch Line from Fulda to Giessen (p. 380). _ . 98 M. Neuhof , with handsome government-buildings; 96 M. Flieden. — 102 M. Elm. From Elm to Gemiinden , see Baedeker's JS. Germany. The train descends to the valley of the Kinzig. 107y 2 M. Schluchtern ; then (111 M.) Steinau , a small town with several me- diaeval buildings and a Schloss of the 16th century. On the right, farther on, rises the well-preserved ruin of Stolzenburg, situated on a wooded height above the small town of Soden , iy 2 M. to the N. of (115 M.) Salmunster (Post). 120 M. Wachtersbach . 126 M. Gelnhausen (Hessischer Hof), once a town of the em- pire , situated on a red soil , which contrasts picturesquely with the green vineyards. On an island in the Kinzig , in the lower part of the town , near the entrance from the station , are the ruins of an Imperial Palace erected about the year 1144 by Fre- derick I., parts of which are still in tolerable preservation, The 384 Route 72. OFFENBACH. head of Frederick I. and the lion of the Hohenstaufen family, sculptured in stone , are still recognisable. The chapel and im- perial hall are interesting. The arches of the windows rest on clustered columns with beautiful capitals. The Emp. Frederick Barbarossa held a great assembly here in 1180 to pronounce the imperial ban against Duke Henry the Lion. The handsome and richly decorated *Pfarrkirche , erected in the transition-style in 1230-60 , was admirably restored in 1876-79. It contains an interesting early-Gothic screen, late- Gothic choir- stalls, stained-glass windows of the 13th cent, and handsome modern pulpit, organ-loft, and stained glass. From Gelnhausen to Giessen , see p. 380. Beyond Gelnhausen the country is flat. 128 M. Meerholz , with a chateau of Count Isenburg-Meerholz ; 133 M. Langenselbold , with a handsome Schloss. The line next intersects the Lamboiwald , where on 30th and 31st Oct. , 1813, Napoleon with 80,000 men on his retreat from Leipsic defeated 40,000 Bavarians, Russians, and Austrians under Wrede , who had endeavoured to intercept the fugitives . Gross- Steinheim is visible on the opposite bank of the Main . 140 M. Hanau (Carlsberg ; Riese; Adler), a pleasant town with 22,700 inhab. , near the confluence of the Kinzig and Main , lies in the most fertile district of the Wetterau. The more modern part of the town was founded in 1597 by Protestant exiles from the Netherlands to whom an asylum at Frankfort was denied. Their handicrafts, the manufacture of silk and woollen goods, and of gold and silver wares, still flourish here. Hanau was the birthplace of the celebrated philologists Jacob (d. 1863) and Wilhelm (d. 1859) Grimm; the house is indicated by an inscription. On the Main, near the town, is situated the palace of Philipp sruhe, with extensive orangeries, the property of the Landgrave of Hessen, erected at the beginning of last century. The branch-line from Hanau to (1072 M.) Heldenbergen (Windecken) is the beginning of a line to Friedberg (p. 381) intended to relieve the Frankfort line of some of its goods-trafflc. The train crosses the Main. 141 M. Klein- Steinheim ; 145 M. Muhlheim , from which Rumpenheim , a village with a chateau of the Landgrave Frederick of Hessen-Cassel, is visible to the right. 147 M. Offenbach (Stadt Cassel), 26,000 inhab., a pleasant and busy town with a handsome chateau of Count Isenburg built in 1572, owes its origin to French refugees who settled here at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century. (See Baedeker s Southern Germany . ) At (150 M.) Sachsenhausen the train again crosses the Main, and soon enters the W. station at — 153 M. Frankfort (see Baedeker s Rhine') . INDEX, Aa, the 127. Aalbeek 200. Abterode 382. Abtsberg, the 352. Achim 130. Adelsbach 252. Adendorf 143. Adersbach 245. Adersbach Rocks, the 245. Adlerberg, the 347. Adlerhorst, the 215. Adorf 318. 298. Adzerballig 161. Agnetendorf 239. Ahlbeck 206. Ahlen 77. Ahorn 343. Ahrendsberger Klippe 371. 373. Ahrensburg 164. Albendorf 244. 253. Albersdorf 162. Albrechtsburg 287. Albungen 381. Alexandrinenbad 203. Alexandrowka 73. Alexisbad 364. Alfeld 103. Alle, the 221. Allendorf 345. 381. Alter, the 130. 142. Almelo 104. Alsen 161. 68. Alsen-Sund, the 161. Alsfeld 380. Alster, the 146. Altar, stein, the 382. Alt-Chemnitz 297. Altdamm 207. Altena 92. Altenau 377. Altenbeken 124. Altenberga 352. Altenbrack 366. Altenbruch 154. Altenburg 317. Altenburg, the (Hessen) 378. Altenessen 75. Altenhundem 92. Altenkirchen(Rugen)202. Altenrode 374. Altenstein 349. Altenzella 301. Alte Oder, the 204. Altfelde 217. Alt-Haide 255. Alt-Heikendorf 158. Alt-Lomnitz 254. Alt-Morschen 323. Altona 152. Alt-Paka 248. Altwasser 248. Amager, island 178. 179. 182. Amber Coast 221. Amoneburg 378. Amselgrund, the 292. Amt Gehren 346. Anclam 196. Andershof 198. Andreasberg 377. Angeln 160. Angermiinde 203. Angstedt 345. Anhalt, ruin 363. St. Anna, chapel of (Sey- dorf) 240. Annaberg (Saxony) 296. — (Silesia) 258. — , the 258. Annaburg 310. Annathal, 1116^337. Apenrade 161. Apenrad Fjord, the 161. Apolda 322. Appelhulsen 136. Appenrode 358. Arcona 202. Ardey Mts., the 91. Arminius Monument 79. Arnau 248. Arnis 160. Arnkiel 161. Arnsberg 84. 243. Arnsberger Wald, the 127. Arnsburg 81. Arnsdorf 260. 225. 235. 240. Arnstadt 346. Arnstein 381. Arolsen 124. Arro 178. Ascheberg 177. Aschenbergstein 351. Aschersleben 359. Aue 297. Auerbach 318. 299. Auerberg, the 369. Auerstadt 322. Augustenburg 161. Augustenb. Fjord 161. Augustusbad 260. Augustusburg 296. Augustveen 142. Aupa, the 243. 244. 248. Aupagrund, the 244. Aurich 137. Baa-See, the 203. Babelsberg 74. Bahrenberg, the 376. Bahrenfeld 153. Ballenstedt 363. Baltrum 137. Balver Hbhle, the 92. Bamberg 319. Banteln 103. Banz 319. Barby 354. Barchfeld 338. Bardewieck 143. Barensteine, the 289. Barenthal, the 358. Bargteheide 164. Barmen 83. Barneck 320. Barnstorf 136. Baropthurm, the 326. Bassum 136. Bastei, the 291. Bauerbach 339. Baumannshohle, the 368. Bautzen 260. Bebra 323. 382. Bechstadt, 345. Beckum 77. Beeke, the 125. Beelitz 354. Beerberg, the 347. Begerburg 294. Behrethal, the 369. Beiseforth 323. 25 Baedeker’s N. Germany. 7th Edit. 386 INDEX. Belgard 207. Belt, the Great and Little r;177. Belzig 354. Benau 224. Beninghansen 126. Bennigsen 123. Bensen 290. Bentheim 104. Bentschen 223. Berga 318. Berge-Borbeck 75. Bergedorf 195. Bergen 203. Bergheim 124. Bergholz, the (near Hil- desheim) 113. Bergwitz 310. Bering br Quelle, the 365 Beringhausen Tunnel 85 Beringstedt 162. Berka 330. Berlebeck 79. Berlin 1. Abgeordneten-Haus 55. Academy of Arts 19. Admiralty 50. Agricultural Academy 62. — Museum 62. Alsenbriicke 64. Altstadt 57. American Chapel 12. Anatomical Museum 19. Anatomie 62. St. Andrew 59. Antiquarium 43. Antiquities, Gallery of 27. — , Northern 42. Apostles’ Church 51. Aquarium 17. — , Microscopic 9. 18. Architects’ Union 52.. Architectural Exhibi- tion 52. Archives 58. Arsenal 21. Art, School of 58. Artillery School 65, Ascanischer-Platz 52. Bank of Prussia, see Reichsbank. St. Bartholomew 59. Barracks 53. 56. 63. etc Baths 6. Bau-Academie 54. Bauer, Cafe 18. Behren-Strasse 48. Belle- Alliance-Platz 53. Bellevue 64. Bethanien 56. Berlin : Beuth - Schinkel - Mu- seum 54. Beuth-Strasse 55. Boden-Credit-Bank 20 Borse 59. Borsig’s EngineFactory & hothouses 62. 63. Borsig’s House 50. Botan. Garden 51. Brandenburg Gate 17. Cabs 4. Cafes 4. Campo Santo 25. Castan’s Panopticum 9. Casts, Collection of 40. Cathedral 24. Cemeteries 59. 62. 63. Central - Boden - Credit Gesellschaft 18. Central Hotel 1. 62. Chamber of Deputies 55. Chancellor of the Em- pire, Office of the 49 — , Resid. of the 49. Charite 62. Charlottenburg 66. Chem. Laboratory 20. Christian Museum 19. Circus 9. Clinical Institute 62. Coins, Cab. of 29. Column of Peace 53. Commandant, Resid. of the 20. Concerthaus 8. 55. Concerts 8. Consulates 12. Cornelius, cartoons of 46. Criminal Court 59. 63. Diet, Imperial 50. District Court 58. Dom Candidaten Stift 61. Donhofs-Platz 55. Dorotheenstadt Church 18. Dreifaltigkeits - Kirch- hof 54. Egyptian Museum 42. Embassy, American 12. — , English 12. 49. — , French 17. — , Russian 17. Engineers’ Office 51. English Chapel 12. 60. Engravings, Collec. of 43. Environs 67. Ethnographical Collec- tion 42. Berlin : Exchange 59. Exhibitions of Art 9. 19. 47. Fire Station 10. Flora 67. Foreign Office 50. French Church 49. Friedens-Allee 63. Friedenssaule 53. Friedrichsberg 1. Friedrichshain, the 59. Friedrichstadt 47. — , Aeussere 51. Friedrichstrasse , the 48. 62. Friedrich-W erder’sche Gymnasium, the 20. Friedrich-W ilhelm- Stadt 62. Garrison Church 60. General Postamt 6. 50. General Staff 64. Gensdarmenmarkt 48. Geolog. Institute 62. Germania Insurance Co. 48. St. Gertraudt Stiftung 53. Gesundbrunnen 67. Gewerbe-Akademie 58. Governor’s Residence 50. Guard House, Royal 20. 17. Gymnasium, Friedrich Werder’sche 20. — zum Grauen Klo- ster 58. — , Joachimsthal 65. — , Konig Wilhelm 51. Halle Gate 53. Hasenhaide 54. Hausvoigtei-Platz 55. St. Hedwig’s Church 20 . Hegel, Bust of 20. Heiliggeist-Kirche 60. Hercules Bridge 60. Herrenhaus 50. Hippodrome 65. History 13. Hohenzollern Museum 60. Hospital, Municipal 59. — , Elisabeth 51. — , St. Hedwig’s 61. — , Augusta 63. Hotels 1. Humboldt’s House 61. Humboldthafen 63. Humboldthain 61. Imperial Diet 50. INDEX. 387 Berlin: Industrial Academy 58. Industrial Museum 51. Industriegebaude 55. Invalides, House of the 63. Invaliden-Park 63. Jacobikirche 56. St. James 56. Jerusalem Cemetery 54. — Church 53. St. John 63. Jury Court 58. 10. Kaiser-Gallerie 18. Kaiserhof 1. 50. Kammergericht 53. Kaulbach’s Frescoes 29. Klosterkirche 58. Konigin-Augusta-Hos- pital 63. Konigs-Briicke 59. Konigs-Platz 63. Konigstadt 59. Konigstrasse 57. Konigswache 20. 17. Kreuzberg, the 53. Kroll’s Establishment 9. 64. Kunstfreunde, Exhib. of the 55. Kunstverein , Picture Gall. 9. Kiinstler-Verein 55. Kurfursten-Briicke 56. Kurfiirstenhaus 57. Lagerhaus 58. Landgericht 58. Lange Briicke 56. Law Court, Imp. 50. Leipziger-Platz 50. Leipziger-Strasse 50. Library, Royal 19. — , University 20. Linden, the 16. Luisenstadt 56. St. Luke 52. Lustgarten 21. Marienkirche 57. St. Mark 59. Market Hall 62. Marschalls-Briicke 62. Markisches Prov. Mu- seum 58. St, Mary 57. Matthai-Kirchhof 51. St. Matthew 51. St. Matt.’s Cemetery 51. St. Michael 56. Mineral Cabinet 19. Mining Institute 62. — Museum 10. Ministerial Offices 17. 20. 49. 50. Berlin : Mint, the 54. Moabit 63. Molken-Markt, 59. Moltke-Briicke 64. Monbijou 60. Monument of Frede- rick the Great 18. — of Schiller 49. — of Stein 55. — of Victory 63. — Warriors 1 63. — , on the Kreuzberg 53. Miihlen,Konigliche 56. Muhlendamm 59. Museum, New 29. 26. — , Old 25. — , Provincial 58. Music, Classical 8. National Gallery 44. Navy Office 50. New Church 49. New Gate 62. St, Nicholas 57. Northern Antiquities 42. Observatory 53. Officers 1 Casino 17. Old Town 57. Olympian Sculptures 25. Omnibuses 6. Opera House 8. 19. Oranienburg Gate 62. Packhof 47. Palace, Royal 21. — of Emperor William 18. — of the Crown-Prince 20 . — of Prince Albert 53. — of Princes Alexan- der and George 49. — of Prince Charles 49. — of Count Arnim- Boytzenburg 17. — of Prince Bismarck 49. — of Prince Bliicher 17. — of Prince Pless 49 — of the Princesses 20 . — of Count Raczynski 64. — of Count Redern 17, — of Count Stolberg 49. Panopticum 9. 18. Pariser-Platz 17. Parochial Church 58, Berlin: Passage, see Kaiser- Gallerie. Pathological Institute 62. 19. Penitentiary 63. St, Peter 56. Physical Laboratory 62. 19. Physiological Institute 62. 19. Picture Gallery, Royal (Old Museum) 30. Plotzensee 63. Pneumatic Post 6. 17. Police Court 59. Porcelain Manufactory 50. 66. Post Offices 6. 50. 57. 61. Post Office Museum 50. Potsdam Gate 51. Potsdam Suburb 51. Pringsheim’s House, Herr 49. Printing Office, Gov. 56. Prison 63. Provinzial-Museum 58. Raczynski’s Picture Gallery 64. Railway Stations 1. 51. 52. 56. 59. 62. 63. Rathhaus 57. Rauch Museum 58. Ravene’s Picture Gal- lery 55. Redern’s Picture Gal- lery 17. Reichsbank 55. Reichshallen 55. 4. Reichstags-Gebaude 50. Ressource 18. Restaurants 3. Ringbahn 1. Rousseau Island 65. Ruhmeshalle 21. Schauspielhaus 8. 48. Schiller-Platz 48. Schiller’s Monument49. Schinkel Museum 54. Schloss 21. Schlossbriicke 21. Schlossplatz 56. Schoneberg Quarter 53. Sculptures, Gallery of 29. Schwurgericht 58. 10. See Park 55. Shops 7. Sieges-Allee 65. Sieges-Denkmal 63. Singacademie 8. 20. Skating Rink 52. 9. 25 * 388 INDEX. Berlin: Slaughter-houses 66. Sophienkirche 61. Spandauer Bock 67. Stables, Royal 57. Stained Glass Institu- tion 11. Statue of Frederick the Great 18. — of Fred. Will. III. 21. 65. — of the Great Elector 56. — of Queen Louise 65. Statues of Bliicher, Gneisenau,York, Bil- low, Scharnhorst 20. — of Seydlitz, etc. 49. — of Beuth 54. — of Count Branden- burg 51. — of Goethe 65. — of Grafe 62. — of Jahn 54. — of Schiller 49. — of Schinkel, etc. 54. — of Stein 55. — of Thaer 54. — of Wrangel 51. Steamboats 6. Stralauer-Brucke 54. Stralau Quarter 59. Suermondt Coll. 31. 34. Synagogue 61. Technical Schools 58. 65. Technolog. Collection 58. Telegraph Office 6. 17. 54. Tempelhof 53. Theatres 8. 19. 48. 59. Thiergarten 65. St. Thomas 56. Tivoli 53. Town Hall 57. Tramways 5. Trinity Church 50. Turn-Anstalt, Central 63. Turnhalle 56. Twelve Apostles’ Church 51. University 19. Veterinary College 62. Viehhof 61. Voss-Strasse 50. War Office 50. Warriors’ Monument 63. , on the Kreuz- berg 53. Water Works 59. 67. Berlin: Weapons, Museum of 50. Wedding 1. Weidendamm Bridge 62. Weissensee 1. Werder Church 54. Westend 67. Wilhelm-Strasse 49. Wilhelmshohe 53. Wilhelms-Platz, the 49. Wrangel Fountain 65. Zellengefangniss 48. Zelte, the 64. Zionskirche 61. Zoolog. Garden 65. — Museum 19. Bernau 203. Bernburg 311. Bernsen 81. Berste, the 231. Bernstorff 192. Berthelsdorf 296. Bestwich 85. Betzdorf 92. Beutersitz 313. Beuthen 259. Bevensen 143. Beverungen 85. Bibersteine, the 239. Biederitz 89. 314. Biela, the 289. 294. Bielagrund, the 289. Biele, the 254. Bielefeld 77. Bielshohle, the 368. Biendorf 311. Bienenmiihle 296. Biesenthal 203. Bilay 253. Bille, the 146. Billeberga 195. Bilstein 382. Binz 200. Birkenfeld, ruin 369. Birkerod 193. Bischofsberg 314. Bischofskoppe, the 257. Bischofswerda 260. Bischofswerder 209. Bismarck 311. Bismarckshohe, the 239 Bitterfeld 310. Blankenberg ( Mecklen- burg) 167. — (Saalthal) 319. Blankenburg (Harz) 368 — (Thuringia) 344. Blankenese 153. Blankenhain 330. Blankensee 222. Blankenstein 319. Blasewitz 287. Blaue Kuppe, the 382. Blaustein, the 248. Blechhiitte, the 366. Bleicherode 356. Blocksberg, see Brocken. Blomenburg 176. Bober, the 224. 235. 236. 237. 249. Boberthal, the 237. Bobitz 164. Bobritzsch 295. Bochum 91. 76. Bockau 298. Bode, the 365. Bodekessel, the 365. Bodenbach 289. Bodenwerder 124. Bohemian Switzerland 294. Bohmisch-Kamnitz 290. Bohmte 136. Boitzenburg 195. Boldixum 163. Boltenhagen 164. Bolzenschloss, the 241. Bomberg, the 123. Bomst 224. Bonames 381. Bonenburg 124. Borbeck 75. Borby 160. Bordesholm 156. Borganie 250. Borgeln 127. Borgholz 85. Borken 378. Borkenfriede 196. Borkum 140. Borna 297. Bornecke 360. Bornum 82. Borohradek 253. Borsdorf 299. 302. Borssum 86. 357. Bosel, the 301. Bottchersberg, the 74. Bovenden 103. Boyneburg 382. Brackwede 77. Brahe, the 209. Brahlitz 204. Brahlsdorf 195. Brake 140. Brakel 125. Brambach 318. Bramow 169. Brand 231. Brand, the 292. Brande, the 254. Brandenburg on the Ha- vel 89. — on the Werra 323. INDEX. 389 Branitz 232. Bransrode 382. Brauhausberg, tbe 75. Braunau 252. Braunlage 377. Braunsberg 217. Braunschweig 144. Brechelshof 256. Bredelar 85. Bredow 206. Breege 202. Breitenau 324. Breitenberg, tbe 373. Breitenburg 156. Breitenfeld 310. Breitenhain 256. Bremen 130. Bremen-Neustadt 140. Bremerbaven 135. Breslau 225. Brieg 258. Briesen 209. 222. Brilon 95. Broacker 160. 161. Brocken, the 375. Brockenbaus, the 376. Brockenklippen , tbe Kleine 375. Bromberg 209. Brosen 214. Brotbaude, tbe 243. Brotterode 350. Bruclihauser Steine, tbe 85. Brucbmiiblen 105. Briick 354. Briickenberg 243. Briihl, the 363. Bruhnsche Koppel, tbe 176. Brunau 311. Brunnberg, tbe 244. Brunsberg, tbe 124. Brunsnis 160. Brunswick 144., Alte Waage 120. Altstadt-Markt 115. Augustus-Thor 121. Barracks 121. Botan. Garden 121. Burgplatz 116. Cemeteries 122. Churches : St. Andrew’s 120. Briidernkirche 121. St. Catharine’s 120. Cathedral 116. Egidien 121. St. Magnus’ 117. St. Martin’s 115. Commercial School 121 . Dankwarderode 117. Brunswick : Gauss’s House 121. Gewandhaus 116. Gymnasium 116. Hagenmarkt 120. Holland’scher Garten 121 . Hospital 122. Kunstverein 115. Lion 117. Museum, Ducal 117. — , Municipal 120. — , Anatomical 122. — , Nat. History 122. Obelisk 121. Ober - Postdirection 116. Olfermann’s Monu- ment 122. Palace, Ducal 117. Park, Ducal 121. Picture Gallery 118. Polytecbnikum 121. Promenades 121. Railway Station 121. Ratbbaus,Altstadt, 115. — , Neustadt, 120. Richmond , chateau 122. Schill’s monument 122. Slaughter House 122. Statue of Henry the Lion 120. — of dukes Fred. Will, and Charles Will. Ferd. 117. — of Gauss 122. — of Lessing 121. Steinthor 122. Synagogue 116. Theatre 121. Town Archives 120. — Library 120. Vieweg’s Garden 122. War Monument 121. Waterworks 121. William’s Castle 122. Windmiihlenberg 121. Briisterort 221. Biiclieloh 345. Biichen 195. Biichenberg, the 375. Buchfalirt 330. Buchholz 137. 297. Buchwald 240. Buchwaldsdorf 245. Buckau 86. 88. Buckeburg 80. Buckow 208. Buke 124. Bukowina 254. Bullerborn, the 125. Biilowshbhe, the 367. Biinde 105. Biindheim 373. Bungsberg, the 176. Bunzelwitz 251. 256. Bunzlau 235. Burg 89. 231. Burgberg, the 373. Biirgel 326. Burgdorf 142. Burghaun 383. Burgk, Schloss 318. Burgkunstadt 319. Burg-Lesum 135. Burgsberg, the 358. Burgsteinfurt 136. Burxdorf 262. Buschmiihle 222. — , the 231. Biisum 162. Butjadinger Land 154. Butzbach 380. Biitzow 167. Cadienen 217. Calbe 311. 354. Calcum 75. Callenberg 343. Callnberg 298. Camburg 324. Camen 76. Camenz 253. 257. Cammerberg 347. Cammin 202. Camsdorf 325. Canth 250. Caporn’sche Haide 220. Cappeln 160. Carlsberg 253. — , the 215. Carlsliafen 93. Carolinenhorst 207. Carolinenkoog 162. Carolinensiel 138. Carthaus 215. Cassel 93. Castrop 75. Catlenburg 103. Cattenstadt 366. Caulsdorf 320. Cavalierberg, the 237. Celle 142. Charlottenbrunn 249. Charlottenburg 66. Charlottenhof 72. Charlottenlund 192. Chemnitz 297. Chorin 203. Chrysopras 344. Clarabad 83. Clausthal 376. Coburg 340. Colb erg 207. Colditz 301. Collund 160. 390 INDEX. Cologne 75. Connern 359. Connewitz 303. Conradsthal 252. Copenhagen 179. Academy of Art 183. Amalieborg 191. Anthropological Mu- seum 191. Antiquities, coll, of 188. Arsenal 185. Arsenalo 183. Axelhus 185. Bank 183. Baths 181. 191. Bellevue 192. Bernstorff, chat. 192. Blind Asylum 191. Bqtan. Garden 190. Bredgade 190. Cemeteries 191. Charlottenborg 183. Charlottenlund 192. Christiansborg 184. Christianshavn 185. Christiansholm 183. Coins, coll, of 188. Court Chapel 185. Custom House 191. Dyrehave 192. Engravings, coll, of 188. Environs 191. Eremitage 192. Esplanade 192. Ethnograph. Museum 188. Exchange 185. Fortifications 178. 183. Fortunen 192. Frederiksberg 191. Frederikshavn 178. Frederiksholm 183. Friheds-Stotten 191. Fruekirke 189. Frue-Plads 189. Groningen 191. Harbour 178. 182. 183. Holmens Kirke 183. Hospitals 190. 191. Industrial Hall 191. Kirsten Piils Kilde 192. Klampenborg 192. Knippelsbro 185. Kongens Nytorv 183. Lange Linie, the 191. Library, Royal 185. Marble Church 190. Meteor. Institute 191. Mineral. Museum 189. Moltke's Picture Gal- lery 190. Museum of North. An- tiquities 188. Copenhagen : Nicolai Tower 185. Norrevolds Boulevard 190. Nyhavn 183. Nyholm 183. Observatory 190. St. PauFs 191. Picture Gallery, Royal 184. Polytechnic Institution 189. Prindsens-Palais 188. Railway Station 181. Rom.Cath. Chapel 191. Rosenborg 190. Round Tower 189. Sondermarken 192. Stables, Royal 185. Statue of Christian IV. 190. — of Christian V. 183. — of Frederick V. 191. — of Frederick VI. 192. — of Frederick VII. 194. — of Hans Andersen 190. — of Holberg 183. — of Oersted 190. — of Oehlenschlager 183. — of Tordenskjoldl84. — Tycho Brahe 190. Steamboats 181. Theatres 181. 183. 185. Thorvaldsen Museum 185. Tivoli 181. 191. Town Hall 189. Trinity Church 189. University 189. — Library 189. Vor Frelsers Kirke 185. Zoolog. Garden 192. Zoolog. Museum 189. Corbetha 321. Corlin 207. Cornberg 382. Corvey 124. Cosel 258. Cdslin 207. Cossen 297. Coswig 299. 300. 310. Cothen 311. Cottbus 232. 313. Cottmar, the 259. Crampas 201. Cranz 221. Cranzahl 297. Cranzbeck 221. Crimmitzschau 317. Crossen 320. 224. Cudowa 255. Culm 209. Culmbach 319. Cummerower See 170. Cursdorfer Koppe , the 345. Ciistrin 208. Cuxhaven 154. Cybina, the 223. Czerwinsk 209. Czeschhaus 252. Czerneboh, the 260. Dachrieden 356. Dahlen 299. Dahlhausen 91. Dahmsdorf 208. Dalimeric 248. Dambitzen 217. Dambrau 258. Damm 205. Dammsche See, the 204. 206. Danewerk. the 159. Dangast 142. Danholm, the 198. Dannstedt 360. Dantsic 209. Dechenhohle, the 92. Delitzsch 310. 313. Delmenhorst, 140. Demker 311. Dennewitz 262. Dermbach 338. Desenberg 124. Dessau 314. Detmold 78. Deuben 294. Deutschenbora 301. Deutz 83. Devil's Wall, the 366 368. Dieksee, the 176. Diemel, the 85. 124. Dietendorf 323. Dietharz 347. Dietrichsburg, the 105. Dievenow 206. — , the 206. Dingelstedt 356. Dirschau 209. Ditfurth 359. Ditmarsclien, the 156. Dittersbacli 294. 249. Dobeln 306. Doberan 170. Dobrilugk 313. 261. Dockenhuden 153. Dohlenberg, the 254. Dohlau 318. Ddlitz 306. Dollahn 200. INDEX. 391 Dollart, the 138. Dollens 208. Dolmar, the 339. Domberg, the 353. Donnerau 249. Dorenberg, the 136. Dornberg, the 93. Dornburg, the 324. Dorndorf 324. 338. Dornigheim 384. Dortmund 75. Dosengrund 253. Dosse, the 195. Drachenschlucht , the 337. Dragor 179. Dransfeld 102. Dreibergen 167. Dreiecker, the 254. Drei Gleichen 323. Dreiherrnbriicke 349. Drei-Herrenstein 349. Dreilinden 354. Drensteinfurt 127. Dresden 262. Academy of Art 267. Altmarkt 284. Altstadt 265. Anna Fountain 283. Annenkirche 283. Antiquities, Collection ' of 285. — , Museum of 287. Baths 264. Botan. Garden 267. Bridges 266. Briihl Terrace 266. Biirgerwiese 285. Cabinet of Coins 268. Cabs 263. Cemeteries 287. Court Church 267. Drawings, Collect, of 282. English Church 285. 264. Engravings, Collect, ot 282. Environs 287. Exhibition Buildings 267. Frauenkirche 283. Friedrichsstadt283.265. Gallery of Arms 284. Goose - Stealer Foun- tain 285. Grosse Garten 287. Green Vault 268. Hauptwache 269. Hotels 262. Japanese Palace 285. — Garden 286. Johann eum 283. Dresden : St. John’s Church 267 Kaufmann’s Acoustic Cabinet 264. Korner-Museuin 286 Kreuzkirche 285. Kreuzschule 285. Kunstverein 267. Law Courts 267. Library 286. Maurice Monument 267 . Moreau’s Monument 287. Museum 269. - of Casts 282. — , Historical 283. — , Industrial 283. — Johanneum 283. — , Mineral. 283. — Physical - Mathem 283. — , Zoological 282. N eum ark t 283. Neustadt 265. Nymph Fountain 285. Omnibuses 263. Oppenlieim’s House 285. Palace 267. Picture Gallery 271. Polytechnic School 285. Porcelain, Collect, of 284. Post Office 264. 283 Prinzen-Palais 283. Railway Stations 262 285. Rietschel Museum 287. — Monument 267. Russian Chapel 285. Schillerschlosschen 287. Silberkammer 268. Sophienkirche 283. Stallgebaude 269. Statue of Weber 269. — of Fred. Aug. I. 270. — of Fred. Aug. II. 284. — of Aug. the Strong 285. — of Korner 285. Steamboats 263. Synagogue 267. Theatres 264. 269. Town Hospital 283. Tramways 263. Waldschlosschen 287. Zoolog. Garden 287. Zwinger 270. Drewitz 354. Driburg 125. , Driesen 208. Dronninggaard 193. Driibeck 374. Driiggelte 127. Dubber worth 202. Ducherow 196. Duisburg 75. Diilmen 136. Diimmer See, the 136. Diinaburg 221. Dune, the 125. Dunkelthal 244. Dunsthohle, the 124. Diippel 161. Diiringshof 208. Diirrenberg, the 321. Diirre Schild 344. Diirrohrsdorf 260. Diisseldorf 76. 83. Diisternbrook 157. Diivelsbeck 158. Dwarsied 201. Dybbol 161. Dyrehave, the 192. Ebenhausen 339. Ebenheit 289. Ebersbach 259. 260. Ebersburg 369. Ebersdorf 254. 290. 340. Eberstein, the 344. Eberswalde 203. Eckardtsberg, the 343. Ecker, the 363. 373. Eckerkrug 373. Eckernforde 160. Eddelak 156. Eder, the 378. Edle Krone 295. Eger 318. St. Egidien 298. Eglitz, the 240. Ehrenburg, ruins (near Arnstadt) 346. Eibau 260. Eibenstock 298. Eiche (Spreewald) 231. Eichenberg 103. 356. 381. Eichenforst 369. Eichhof 343. 382. Eichholz 84. Eichicht 320. Eichow 313. Eider, the 156. 159. 162. Eiderstedt. 162. Eilenburg 313. Eilenriede, the 110. Eilsen 80. Eilsleben 83. 86. Eimbeck 103. Einhornhohle, the 358. Einsiedel 297. Eisbergen 123. 392 INDEX, Eisenach 334. Eisenherg 288. 320. Eisenbrod 248. Eisenhardt 354. Eisfeld 340. Eisleben 354. Eissen 85. Eistrup 130. Eken Sund, the 160. Elbbrunnen, the 242. Elbe, the 86. 146. 299. 314. etc. Elberfeld 83. Elbfall, the 241. Elbgrund, the 244. Elbing 217. — , the 217. Elbingerode 369. Elbseiffen, the 244. Eldagsen 123. Eldena 196. Elend 369. Elfenstein, the 373. Elgersburg 346. Elisabethbrunnen 379. Elisabethhohe 253. Elisenhohe, the 215. Ellenser-Damm 142. Ellerbeck 158. Ellrich 358. Elm 383. Elmen 311. Elmshorn 156. Elsinore 194. Elsnigk 310. Elster 310. 318. — , the 303. 318. Elsterberg 318. Elsterwerda 261. Elze 103. Emden 137. Emleben 352. Emmer, the 123. Emmerthal 123 Ems, the 77. 104.137. 140. Emsdetten 137. Enger 77. Ennepe, the 84. Ennest 92. Enschede 104. Eppendorf 152. Ei'bstrom, the 349. Erdbeerenberg 159. Erdmannsdorf 296. 240. Eresburg 85. Erfurt 330. Erkner 222. Erkrath 83. Erlau 299. Ermelinghof 127. Ermsleben 359. Ernstthal 298. Eschede 143. Eschwege 382. Eslof 195. Esrom So 193. Essen 90. — , baths 136. Ettersberg, the 330. Ettersburg 330. Eulau 290. Eulengebirge, the 257. Eutin 176. Eutritzsch 308. Eversberg 85. Externsteine, the 79. Eydtkuhnen 121. Eylau 221. Faaborg 178. Fahrbrucke 298. Fahre 169. Fahrenberg 201. Falkenberg 203. 262. 313. Falkenberge, the 241. Falkeneck 343. Falkenhohle, the 356. Falkenstein (Harz) 363. — (Saxony) 294.318.299. — (Silesia) 241. — (Thuringia) 347. Fallersleben 81. Falster 179. Falsterbo 178. Farbensiimpfe, the 371. Farnroda 348. Faulbriick 256. Fehrbellin 195. Feldkretscham 250. 252. Fellhammer 249. Felsberg 377. Felsenmeer, the 92. Felsenthal, the 351. Felsenthor, the 291. Ferdinandstein, the 291. Fermerswalde 310. Ferse, the 209. Fetzberg 380. Fichtelberge, the 297. 319. Filehne 208. Finkenheerd 224. Finkenwalde 205. Finnentrop 92. Finow-Canal, the 203. Finsterbergen 347. Fisclibach (Silesia) 241. Fischbeck 123. Fischhausen 220. Flensburg 160. Flensburg Fjord, the 160. Flieden 383.' Flinsberg 235. Floha 294. — , the 294. Flottbeck 153. Fdhr 162. Forderstedt 311. Forschengereuth 340. Forstkamm, the 243. Frankenberg 297. 380. Frankenhausen 356. Frankenstein 257. 294. Frankfort on the Main 381. 384. Frankfort on theOder222. Franzensbad 318. Frauenberg, the 380. 382. 383. Frauenburg 217. Frauendorf 206. Frauensee 338. Frauenstein 358. Frau-Hollen-Teich 382. Freden 103. Fredensborg 193. Fredersdorf 208. Fredericia 177. Frederiksberg 178. 191. Frederiksdal 193. Frederiksborg 193. Freiberg 295. Freiburg (Silesia) 251. Freiburg on the Unstrut 322. Freienwalde 203. 207. Freiheit 248. Frellstedt 82. Freudenstein, Schloss 296. Freudenthal 214. Friedberg 281. Friedeberg 208. 235. Friedenau 68. Friedensburg, the 299. Friedensthal 124. Friedland (Bohemia) 234. — (near Gottingen) 381. — (Silesia) 252. Friedrichroda 351. FriecLrichsanfang 353. Friedrichsbrunn 367. Friedrichsort 158. Friedrichsruh 195. Friedrichsstadt 162. Friedrichstein 378. Friedrichsthal 375. Friedrichsthaler Forst, the 206. Friedstein 248. Friesaclc 195. Friesensteine, the 240. Frisian Islands, the 138. 161. Fritzlar 378. Frohburg 297. Frohliclie Wiederkunft, the 320. Frohse 311. INDEX. 393 Frondenberg 84. Fronhausen 380. Frose 359. Frottstedt 323. Fuchsthurm, tbe 325. Fulda 94. 383. Fulda, tbe 102. 323. 382. 383. etc. Fiinen 177. Fure So 193. Fiirstenberg 85. 224. Fiirstenstein 381. — , Scbloss 251. Fiirstensteiner Grund,the 251. Fiirstenwalde 222. Fyen 177. Gabelbach 347. Gablenzhohe, tbe 248. Galgenberg, tbe 113. 255. 346. Galgengrund 249. Galtgarben, tbe 221. Gandersbeim 85. Gardelegen 81. Garz 196. 203. Gascbwitz 317. Gassen 224. 235. Gatersleben 359. Gebesee 359. Geeste, tbe 135. 138. 154. Geestemunde 135. Gegensteine, tbe 363. Gehange, tbe 243. Geiergucke, tbe 245. Geierstein, tbe 235. Geis, tbe 382. Geismar 356. 378. Geitbain 297. Gelnbausen 383. Gelobtland 296. Gelsenkirchen 75. Gemiinden 383. Gensungen 377. Gentbin 89. Georgenswalde 221. Georgentbal 347. 352. Georg-Marien-Hiitte 136. Georgsbohe 367. 365. Gera 320. — , the 346. Gerade Lutterthal, tbe 358. Gerberstein, the 349. Gerichtslaube, tbe 74. Gernrode 364. 356. Gerresbeim 83. Gersdorf 235. 260. Gersfeld 383. Gerstungen 323. Gertrudenberg 104. Gerwiscb 89. Geseke 126. Gesenke, tbe 257. Gesundbrunnen 67. Gettorf 158. Gevelsberg 84. Giant Mts., the 236. Giebicbenstein 313. Giersdorf 240. Giersleben 311. Giessen 380. Giessmannsdorf 257. Gifborn 81. Gittelde 357. Gjentofte 193. Glaserne Moncb, tbe 360. Alnt'7 Glatzer Gebirge, tbe 254. Glaucbau 298. Gleiberg 380. Gleicbberge, the 339. Gleicben, the Drei 323. Gleiwitz 258. Glescbendorf 176. Glewitz 196. Glienicke 73. Glogau 223. Gloven 195. Glowe 202. Gliicksbrunn 349. Gliicksburg 160. Gliickstadt 153. 156. Gnadau 311. Gnadenberg 235. Gnadenfrei 257. Gnesen 224. Gockels 162. Godelbeim 125. Goeresdorf 204. Gohlis 307. Gohrener Viaduct, tbe 297. 301. Gohriscb 293. Golcha-Quelle, the 201. Goldene Aue, the 355. Goldene Hohe, the 287. Goldener, tbe 359. Gollenberg, tbe 207. Goltzschthal, tbe 318. Golzow 208. Gommern 314. Goor 202. — , tbe 200. Gorbersdorf 252. 249. Gorkau 250. Gorlitz 232. Goscbwitz 323. 326. Gose, tbe 370. Gosek 321. Goslar 370. Gosselborn 345. Gossnitz 317. Gotha 332. Gottersitz 322. Gottesberg 249. Gottesgnaden 354. Gottingen 102. Gottliebetbal 319. Gottlob, tbe 352. Gottorp 159. Gotzlow 206. Griibersberg 240. Grabersteine, the 240. Grabow 195. 205. Graditz 313. Grafenberg 257. Grafenhainichen 310. Grafenscbloss, tbe 330. Grajewo 221. Granitz, the 200. Graudenz 209. Graubof 361. Gravenstein 160. Grebenstein 93. Greifenstein 344. 382. Greiffenberg 196. 235. Greiffenstein 235. Greifswald 196. Greifswalder Bodden, the 196. Greiz 318. Gremsmiihlen 176. Grenzbauden,the 243.244. Greussen 359. Greven 137. Grevenbriick 92. Grevismiihlen 164. Griesheim 345. Grimma 301. Grimmentbal 339. Grobnde 125. Gronau 136. Gross-Aupa 244. Grossbeeren 261. Grossbotben 301. Grosse Dolmar, tbe 339. Grosse Knollen, tbe 358. Grossenbaum 75. Grossenbain 261. Grosse Pelird, tbe 200. Grosse Teich, tbe (Giant Mts.) 242. Gross-Gorschen 321. Gross-Heringen 322. Gross-Kreuz 90. Grosspostnitz 293. Grossrobrsdorf 260. Gross-Salze 311. Gross-Schonau 290. Gross-Skal 247. Gross-Steinberg 302. Gross-Steinheim 384. Gross-Stresow 200. Gross-Tabarz 352. Grossvaterstuhl, the 253. Gross-Zicker 200. Grotenburg, the 179. 394 INDEX Grottau 247. Grulich 254. Griina 298. Griinau 231. Griinberg 223. Grund (Harz) 357. Griine, the 92. Grunewald 67. Griinhainichen 296. Griirmannshdhle, the 92. Griissau 250. ) Guben 224. 313. Guckshagen 324. Gudensherg 378. Giildenboden 217. Giintersberge 364. Guntershausen 324. 377. Giisen 89. Gusow 208. Glisten 311. 354. Gustrow 170. Giitergliick 314. 354. Giitersloh 77. Haan 83. Haarhausen 346. Haase, the 137. Habelschwert 254. Hahendorf 234. Habichtsburg 339. Habicbtsgrund , the 293. Hacben 92. Hackelsdorf 245. Hadersleben 161. Haemelschenburg 123. Haff, the Grosse and Kleine 206. — , the Friscbe 218. 221. — , the Stettiner 206. Hagelberg 354. Hagelsberg 214. Hagen 84. 91. Hagenbnrg 130. Hagenohsen 125. Hagenow 195. Haidenhihle, the 293. Hain 240. Hainau 235. Hainewalde 290. Hain fall, the 240. Hainleite, the 359. Hainsberg 294. Ilalbau 235. Halberstadt 359. Halbestadt 289. Halbstadt 252. Halle 311. Hallige, the 162. Haltern 136. Hamburg 144. Alster Arcades 150. Alsterbassin 149. Anlagen 151. Hamburg : Antiquities, Collec. of 149. Aussen-Alster 152. Bazaar 150. Binnen-Alster 149. Botan. Garden 151. St. Catharine 149. Cemeteries 152. Consuls 145. Elbhohe 148. English Churches 145. Environs 152. Esplanade 151. Exchange 148. Fleete 147. St. George Quarter 151. Gewerbe-Schule 151. Grasbrook 147. Hagenbeck's Animal Collection 148. Hamburger Berg 148. Hansa Fountain 151. Harbour 147. Hopfen-Markt 149. Hospital 151. Jacobikirche 149. Johanneum 149. Jungfern-Stieg 150. Kunsthalle 150. Library, City 149. — , Commercial 148. Lombardsbriicke 150. Meteorological Station 148. Monument to Adolph IV. 151. St. Michael 148. Museum Godeffroy 149. — , Industrial 151. — , Ethnolog. 151. — , Nat. Hist. 149. — , Antiquities 149. St. Nicholas 148. St. Pauli 148. St. Peter 149. Promenades 151. Railway Bridge 147. Railway Stations 144. 147. Real-Schule 151. Sandthor-Hafen 147. Seemannshaus 148. Statue of Schiller 150. Steamboats 145. Steinwarder 147. Stintfang 148. Theatres 145. 149. 151. War Monument 151. Waterworks 152. Zoll vereins-N iederlage 152. Zoolog. Garden 151. Hamel, the 123. Hamelerwald 82. Hameln 123. Hamm 76. Hammermiilile 207. Hammerthal 203. Hanau 384. Hanerau 162. Hanover 105. Aquarium 109. Arsenal 109. Artists' Club 107. Berggarten 110. Christuskirche 109. Culemann's Collec. 109. Eilenriede 110. Georgen-Park 110. Gewerbe-Ausstellung 109. Herrenhausen 110. Industrial Exhibition 109. Kreuzkirche 108. Law Courts 109. Leibnitz's Grave 109. — House 108. — Monument 109. Library 109. Lyceum 107. Marktkirche 108. Marschner's Monument 107. Mausoleum 110. Military Riding Insti- tute 109. Museum of Art and Science 107. Oberprasidium 108. Palace, Old 108. — , Royal 108. — , of Ernest Augustus 110 . Picture Gallery, in the Museum 107. , at Herrenhausen 110 . Polytechnic School 109. Poor House 109. Prinzenhaus 110. Prison 109. Pro vincial Museum 107. Rathhaus, New 108. — , Old 108. Sculptures, Collec. of 110 . Statue of Ernest Au- gustus 107. — of Count Alten 109. — of Schiller 107. Synagogue 109. Theatre 107. Tivoli 106. Waterworks HO. INDEX. 395 Hanover : Waterloo Column 108. W aterloo-Platz 108. Welfen Museum 110. Welfenschloss 109. Zoological Garden 110. Hansdorf 235. Hanstein 381. Harburg 143. Hardenberg 103. Hardenstein 91. Harra 319. Harsdorf 301. Hartaberg, the 254. Hartau 252. Hartenfels 313. Hartenstein 298. Harvestehude 152. Harz Mts., the 361. Harzburg 272. Harzgerode # 364. Haseleck 381. Haspe 34. Hasperde 123. Hassberg, the 176. Hassbergen 136. Hasselfelde 366. Hassenhausen 322. Hasserode 375. Haste 81. Hattingen 91. Hattorf 103. Haun, the 382. Hauneck 383. Hausberg 80. — , the (Harz) 358. — , (Jena) 325. — , (Silesia) 237. Hausdorf 249. Havel, the 67. 69. 195. Haynichen 297. Hedemiinden 356. Hedwigsburg 357. Heerdberg, the 239. Hehlen 125. Heide 156. 162. 235. Heidecksburg 326. Heidelberg, the (Harz) 366. 368. — (near Hohenelbe) 248. Heidenau 288. Heiligenbeil 217. Heiligenberg 377. Heiligendamm 170. Heiligenstadt 356. Heiligenstock 377. Ileimburg 368. Heinebach 323. Heinrichau 253. Heinrichsburg 240. Heinrichsruhe 318. Helba 339. Heldenbergen 384. Heldrastein, the 382. Heligoland 153. Helikon, the 237. Hellabach 251. — , the 251. Hellebsek 194. Hellerup 192. 193. Helmarshausen 93. Helme, the 355. Helmstedt 82. Helsingborg 195. Helsingor 194. Heltorf 75. Hemelingen 136. Hemme 167. Hemmerde 127. Hempelsbaude, the 243. Hengelo 104. Herdecke 91. Herdersruhe 330. Herdringen 84. Herford 77. Herges 350. Heringsdorf 206. Ilerischdorf 237. Herlasgriin 318. Herleshausen 323. Hermannsbad 232. Hermannsdenkmal 79. Hermannsruh 232. Hermannstein 347. Hermsdorf (Silesia) 238 249. 257. — (Thuringia) 323. Herne 75. Herrenhausen 100. Herrenkrug, the 88. Herrnhut 259. Herrnskretschen 294. Hersfeld 382. Herthaburg 202. Hertha See, the 202. Hertigswalde 293. Herzberg, on the Elster 262. -, in the Harz 357. Herzhorn 156. Herzog-Ernst, Mine 352. Herzogshohe, the 367. Hessenstein 176. Hessisch Oldendorf 123 81. Hetschburg 330. Hettstadt 354. Heubergshaus 351. Heubude 214. Heudeber 360. Heufuder, the 235. Heuscheuer, the 253. Hever, the 162. Hexen-Tanzplatz 367. Heydekrug 221. Hiddensoe 202. Hiddesen 79. Hildburghausen 339. Hilde, the 196. Hildesheim 111. Hillerod 193. Hiltrup 127. Himmelfahrt, mine 296. Himmelkron 319. Himmelreich 322. 358. Hinnenburg 125. Hirschberg (Silesia) 237. — (Franconia) 319. Hirschfelde 234. Hirschstein 348. Hochdahl 83. Hochgebirge 241. Hochhilgord, the 202. Hochkirch 259. Hochmoor, the 137. 142. Hochstadt 319. 384. Hochstein, the (Silesia) 239. Hochwald, the (Bohemia) 247. Hockstein, the 292. Hof 319. Hofgeismar 93. Hoganas 194. 195. Hohe Fichte, the 343. Holie Liebe, the 293. Hohe Mense, the 255. Hohenbocka 261. Hohenebra 359. Hoheneck 298. Hoheneiche 382. Hohenelbe 248. Hohenfichte 296. Hohenfriedberg 256. Hdlienholz, the 382. Hohenleipa 294. Hohenstein (Harz) 375. — (Prussia) 209. — (Saxony) 298 — on the Weser 123. — , the 375. 123. Hohen-Syburg 91. 84. Ilolienwestedt 162. Hohenzoller, the 254. Hohe Rad, the 242. Hohe Sonne, the 337. Hbhlteicli 298. Hohne 375. Hohneklippen, the 376. Ilohnstein (Harz) 369. — (Saxony) 292. Hohnstorf 143. Ilokendorf 205. Hollengrund, the 238. Hdllenthal, the 3S2. Holm, the 214. Holte 193. Holtenau 158. Holzdorf 262. 396 INDEX. Holzemme, the 374. 375. Holzminden 85. Holzwickede 127. Homberg 382. — , the 378. Homburg 381. Honebach 323. Honne, the 92. Hoppelsberg, the 360. Hoppke, the 85. Horka 232. Horn (near Hamburg)152. — (near Detmold) 79. Hornberg, the 249. Hornekuppe, the 382. Hornheim 158. Hornschloss, the 249. Hornum 164. Horsel, the 323. Horselberg, the 323. Horst 156. Horstberge 208. Hors tel 104. Hosterwitz 287. Hoxter 85. 124. Hoyer 163. Hronow 353. Ilubertusbad 365. Hubertusburg 299. Hiickeswagen 83. Hude 140. Htige-Berg, the 161. Hulfensberg, the 382. Humlebsek 194. Hiimme 93. Hummelshain 320. Hundelshausen 356. Hundsdorf 378. Hiinenring 79. Hiinfeld 383. Hungerbrunnen, the 246. Hunte, the 140. Hiisten 84. Husnm 162. Huthberg, the 261. Hiittenrode 368. Hven 194. Ibbenbiiren 104. Iberg, the 357. Iburg 136. — , the 125. Idstedt 163. Igelshieb 345. Ihme, the 106. Ihna, the 207. Ihrhove 137. Ilfeld 369. 358. Illowo 217. Ilm, the 322. 327. 346. Ilmenau 346. the 143. Use, the 357. 374. Ilsenburg 373. Ilsenstein, the 374. Ilversgehoven 332. Immelborn 338. Ingramsdorf 251. Innerste, the 361. 111. Innien 162. Inowrazlaw 224. Inselbad, the 126. Inselsberg, the 350. Insterburg 221. Isenherg, the 91. lser, the 247. Iserkamm, the 235. Iserlohn 92. Itz, the 343. Itzehoe 156. Itzgrund, the 340. Jablonowo 209. Jacobsberg, the 80. Jacobsdorf 256. Jade, the 138. 142. Jagdkopf, the 358. Jagdsberg, the 351. Jagersborg 192. Jagersruh 352. Jannowitz 236. Jaschkenthal 215. Jasmund 201. 198. Jastrzemb 258. Jatznick 196. Jauer 256. Jeleni 253. Jena 324. Jerxheim 86. Jeschken, the 247. Jesewitz 313. Jessen 310. Jessnitz 317. 224. Jettenliohle, the 357. Jever 142. Johann-Georgenstadt299. Johannesbad 248. Johannisberg (near Bie- lefeld) 77. — (near Trautenau) 248. — (near Nauheim) 381. — (near Dantsic) 215. Jordan, the 126. Josefstadt, 250. Josephinenhutte, the 239. Josephshohe, the 369. 364. Jiibeck 160. Juditten 220. Julo, the 206. Juliusholie, the 93. Jungfernbrdcke 366. Jiiterbog 261. Kaharz 349. 352. Kabel 91. Kahla 326. Kahlberg 217. Kaisherg, the 91. Kaiserswerth 75. Kalau 261. 313. Kalbe, the 382. Kalkberg, the 143. Kallebostrom, the 182. Kallehne 311. Kaltenberg, the 259. Kamenz 261. Kamnitz, the 294. Kampke, the 214. Kandrzin 258. Kaninchenwerder, the 167. Kannow-Miihle 231. Kanzlergrund, the 353. Kapellenberg, the 248. Kappenberg 80. Karlsbrunn 257. Karpenstein £54. Kassteine, the 241. Kastenklippe, the 373. Kattenase, the 373. Kattenvenne, 136. Kattowitz 258. Katzbach, the 236. 225. Katzenstein, the 296. 378. Katzhutte 345. Keilhau 326. Keitum 164. Kelbra 355. Kellersee, the 176. Kellinghusen 156. Kemnade 125. Kesselburg 240. Kesselkoppe, the 244. Kettwig 76. Keuschberg, the 321. Kickelhahn 347. Kiekower 200. Kiel 156. Kieler Bach, the 201. Kieler Fohrde, the 157. Kienhaus, the 345. Kieritzsch 317. 297. Kinzig, the 384. Kirchfelsen, the 344. Kirchhain 261. 313. 378. Kirchlengern 105. Kirchnuchel 176. Kirclirode 110. Kirchspitze, the 380. Kirchweyhe 136. Kirnitzschbach, the 292. Kirnitzsch-Thal, the 293. Kiss ingen 339. Kitzkarnmer, the 382. Kjoge 179. Kjoge-Bugt 178. 179. Kliiden 311. Klampenborg 192. Klausberg, the 381. INDEX. 397 Klause, the 248. Klein- Aupa 244. Klein-Bremen 80. Klein-Bremer-B erg 80. Kleinen 164. Kleine Teich, the (Giant Mts.) 242. Klein-Flottbeck 133. Klein Furra 359. Klein-Katz 215. Klein-Ladney 253. Klein-Schirma 296. Kleinskal 247. Klein-Steinheim 384. Klein-Tabarz 352. Klein-W ittenberg 310. Klemmberg, the 321. Klessengrund, the 254. Kliecken 310. Klingenberg 295. Klitzschmar 313. Klosterbuch 301. Klus, the 371. Klusenstein 92. Kliit, the 123. Knabenberg, the 322. Knoop 158. Kobbelbude 217. Kochelfall, the 239. Kohlenschacht 363. Kohlfurt 235. Kohlmiihle 293. Kohnstein, the 358. Kolding 177. Koldinghus 177. Komotau 296. 297. Koniggratz 250. Konigsberg 217. — in derNeumark 206. Konigsborn 314. 127. Konigsbrunn 289. Konigsdorff - Jastrzemb 258. Konigsee 346. Konigshafen 164. Konigshain 250. Konigshainer Berge 234. Konigshohe 203. 215. Konigshiitte 358. Konigslutter 82. Konigsstuhl (Riigen) 201. Konigstein (Saxony) 288. — , the (Harz) 358. Konigswald 290. Konigswalde 249. Konigs-Wusterhausen 231. Konigszelt 251. Konitz 208. Konitz 320. Kopainberg, the 248. Kopenick 222. 231. Koppeln, the 158. Koppenplan, the 242. 243 Korallensteine, the 242. Kornbach, the 346. Korschen 209. Korsor 177. Korunka 253. Kosen 322. Koserow 206. Kossern 301. Kostritz 319. Kothen 203. Kotschau 321. Kottwitz 248. Kotzschenbroda 299. | Koverden 81. Kowno 221. Kraftsdorf 323. Kratzau 247. Kreibitz 259. 290. Kreiensen 85. 103. Kreisau 256. Krempe 156. Kremperheide 156. Kreuz 208. Kreuzberg, the (Silesia) 237. 255. Kreuzschenke 244. Kreuzthal 92. Kreyscha 288. Krippen 289. Krkonosch, the 244. Krollwitz 313. Kronborg 194. Kronstadt 254. Kriickau, the 156. Krukenburg, the 93. Krumhermsdorf 293. Krumhubel 243. Kvupp’s Steel Works 90, Kryblowitz 250. Kubschiitz 260. Kiihnau 316. Kuhndorf 339. Kuhstall, the 293. Kullagaard 195. Kullen, the 195. Kiillstedt 356. Kulm, the 206. Kummel, the 358. Kunersdorf 222. Kunitzburg 324. Kunitzer See, the 225 Kunnerstein, the 296. Kunzendorf 254. Kurbitz 318. Kurische Nehrung, the 221 . Kvistgaard 194. Kyffhauser, the 355. Kynast, the 338. Kynau 256. Kynsburg, ruin 256. Kyritz 195. Laatzig 206. Laboe 158. Ladig, the 248. Laer, chateau 84. Lage 78. Lahn, the 380. Lahnberg, the 242. Lalendorf 170. Lamboiwald, the 384. Landeck 254. Landeshut 249. Landgrafenschlucht, the 337. Landsberg on the Warthe — castle (near Meinin- gen) 338. Landskrona 195. Landskrone, the (Silesia) 234. 259. Lange Grund, the 244. Langelsheim 361. Langenberg, the 249. Langenbruck 247. Langendreer 76. 91. Langenols 235. Langensalza 356. Langenselbold 384. Langenstein 360. Langenwiesen 346. Langeroog 138. Langfuhr 214. Langgons 380. Langschede 84. Lang-W altersdorf 249. Langwedel 82. 130. Lanken 201. Lanker See, the 177. Laskowitz 209. Lassig, the 249. Lauban 235. Lauchagrund, the 351. Lauchhammer 222. Lauchstadt 321. Lauenburg on the Elbe 143. — (Harz) 363. — on the Leba 208. Lauenbriick 137. Lauscha 345. Lausche, the 247. Lautenthal 361. Lauter 299. Lauter, the 353. Lauterbach (Riigen) 200 Lauterberg 357. ( Laviereshohe 367. Lebbiner Sandberge 206. Leba, the 208. Lebus 222. Leda, the 137. Leer 137. Lehesten 321. 398 INDEX. Lehrte 81. 142. Leichlingen 83. Leichtberg, the 382. Leierberg 253. Leimufermiihle 363. Leina Canal, the 334. Leine, the 85. 102. 106. 123. 356; Leinefelde 356. Leipe 231. Leipsic 302. Augusteum 305. Angustns-Platz 304. Briihl 346. Booksellers’ Exchange 306. Book Trade 304. Churches 306. Concerts 303. Conservatorium 306. Exchange 306. Fairs 303. Fiirstenhaus 306. Gellert’s Tomb 307. Gewandhaus 306. Grimma’sche Strasse 306. Historical Society 307. Hospital 307. Kugel-Denkmal 307. Industrial Museum 306. St. John’s Church 307. Laboratory, Chemical 307. Law Courts 306. Library 306. Markt-Platz 306. Monuments 306. 307. Museum 304. — , Industrial 306. — , Ethnological 307. Napoleonstein 308. Nicolaikirche 306. Paulinerkirche 305. Pleissenburg 306. Promenade 304. Rathhaus 306. Romische Haus 307. Rosenthal 307. Schutzenhaus 302. Speck, Collection of Baron 308. Statue of Gellert 307. — of Thaer 305. Synagogue 306. Theatres 303. 304. 306. University 305. Zoological Garden 307. Leisnig 301. Lemgo 77. Lemforde 136. Lemnitz, the 319. Lemnitzhammer 319. Lengenfeld 318. 299. Lengerich 136. Lengwitz 346. Lenne, the 84. Lennep 83. Leobschutz 258. Lerbach 377. Letmathe 92. Leuchtenburg 326. Leutenberg 320. Leuthen 225 Leutra, the 324. Lewin 255. Lichtegrund, the 345. Lichte Kuppel, the 380. Lichtenberg 296. Lichtenfels 319. 340. Lichtenhain 326. — Cascade 293. Lichtenstein 298. Lichtenwalde 299. Lichterfelde 67. 261. 354. Liebau 318. 250. Liebenau 93. 245. — (Bohemia) 247. Liebenstein (Thuringia) 349. Liebwerda 234. Liegnitz 225. Lietzow 202. 66. Lilienstein, the 289. Lillerod 193. Limbach 297. 340. Limburg on the Lenne 92. Lindau 354. Linden 123. Lindenau 303. Lindener Berg 110. Lingen 137. Linse’s Ruhe 353. Lindhorst 64. Lippe, the 77. 126. 136. Lippspringe 126. Lippstadt 126. Lissa 225. — , Polish 224. List 164. Littitz, Burg 254. Lobau 259. Lobdaburg, the 326. Lobeda 326. Lobenstein 318. Lobleinstein 343. Lochstedt 220. Locknitz 170. Lockwitz 288. Lockwitzer Grund , the 288. Lohme 202. Lohmen 288. Lohne 79. 105. Lollar 380. Lomnitz; 241. Lomnitzthal, the 240. Lopshorn 79. Loquitz, the 320. Loschwitz 287. Lossnitz 297. 299. Lottringhausen 91. Lotzen 221. Lowen 258. Lowenburg, the (near Cassel) 102. Liibben 231. Liibbenau 231. Liibbensteine, the 83. Lubeck 171. Lubkow 200. Luchsdorf 158. Luckau 261. Luckenwalde 261. Ludersdorf 204. Ludwigslust 195. Ludwigsort 217. Ludwigsstein 381. Lugau 298. Liigde 123. Luisenlust 253. Luisenthal 352. Luisenplatz, the 251. Lund 195. Lundby 179. Liine 143. Luneburg 143. Luneburger Haide 143. Lupbode, the 366. Lusatia 232. 260. Luther’s Beech 349. Liitjenburg 176. Lutter 86. — , the 82. Liitzen 321. Liitzschena 308. Lyck 221. Lyngby 193. Madelstein, the 336. Madelsteine, the 242. Madelwiese, the 242. Madii-See, the 207. Magdeburg 86. Magdesprung, the 364. Magdetrappe, the 364. Mahlwinkel 311. Mahrische Gesenke, the 257. Main, the 319. Mainkur 384. Mainleus 319. Malchin 170. Mallmitz 225. Malmo 195. 179. Malsfeld 323. Maltsch 225. Mandau, the 246. Manebach 347. INDEX. 399 Mannstein, the 242. Mansfeld 354. Mansfeld Lake 354. Marburg 378. St. Margaretben 15b. Mariannenfels, the 241. Maria-Scbnee 255. Mariaspring 103. Marielyst 194. Marienberg 296. Marienburg (Prussia) 215. — (Hanover) 103. MarienburgerW erder215. Marienfels 294. Marienglashohle,the 352. Marienlust 163. Marien Paradies 215. Marienstern 261. Marienthal, the 335. St. Marienthal, nunnery (Silesia) 234. Marienwerder 209. Markersdorf 290. Markische Schweiz 208. Markranstedt 321. Marksubl 338. Markt-Schorgast 319. Marsberg 85. Marscbendorf 243. Marten 91. Masnedsund 179. Mattern 214. Mattierzoll 86. Maxen 288. Medenau 221. Meerane 298. Meerholz 384. Mehltbeuer 318. Meinberg 79. Meiningen 339. Meisdorf 363. Meiseberg, the 364. Meisenstein, the 348. Meisner, the 382. Meisse, the 300. Meissen 300. Melbergen 80. Melden 253. Meldorf 156. Melle 105. Mellenbach 345. Mellingen 323. Mellrichstadt 339. Melsungen 324. Melzergrund, the 244. Memel 221. — , the 221. Memmelstein, the 350. Menden 92. 84. Mengersgereuth 340. Mense, Mt, 255. Meppen 137. Merkelsdorf 245. Merseburg 321. Merxleben 356. Merzdorf 236. 240. Meschede 84. Meschenbach 340. Messdorf 311. Messinghausen 85. Mesum 84. Metgethen 220. Mettkau 250. Meusdorf 308. Meuselbach 345. Meuselwitz 317. St. Michaelisdonn 156. Michaelstein 368. Michenberg 354. Middelfart 177. Mildenstein 301. Milseburg 383. Milspe 84. \liltitz 301. \liltzow 196. \tinden 80. Minkowsky 259. Misdroy 206. Missunde 160. Mittagstein, the 242. Mittelsteine 249. Mittelwalde 254. Mittelwasser, the 240. Mittweida 290. Mlawa 217. Moabit 63. Mochbern 225. Mockern 313. Mockrehna 313. Moen 178. Mogeltondern 163. Mohelka, the 247. Mohne, the 84. Mohra 338. Mollmark 160. Mblln 170. Mollwitz 258. Molsdorf 323. Moltenort 158. Moltkefelsen, the 239. Monchehof 93. Monchgut 200. 198. Mordgrund, the 287. Mordhohe, the 243. ^orgenau 231. orgenleite, the 299. orgenroth 258. oritzburg 288. osigkau 313. 310. bttlau, the 210. bvenberg, the 159. bys 234. 259. [ucran 201. [tigeln 288. [tiggelsberge, the 222, 231. Muggelseen, the 231. Miiglitzthal, the 288. Muhlbachthal 256. Miihlberg, ruin 223. Mtihlhausen (Thuringia) 356. Miihlheim 384. Mulda 296. Mulde, the 295. 298. 299. 301. 313. Muldener Hiitte 295. Mulheim on the Rhine 83. — on the Ruhr 90. Mullroser Canal 224. Muncheberg 208. Miinchhausen 380. Miinde 207. Miinden 102. Miinder 123. Munkmarsch 163. Miinnerstadt 339. Munster (Westphal.) 127. Miinsterberg 253. Miinzenberg, the 363. — , castle 380. Miiritz 170. Muskau 232. Mylau 318. Myslowitz 258. Nachod 250. 253. Nachterstedt 359. Naensen 85. Nakel 208. Namslau 259. Narsdorf 297. Nassau 296. Nastved 179. Nauen 195. Nauendorf 359. Nauheim 380. Naumburg 321. Naunhof 302. Nausenei 253. Nedlitz 354. Neheim 84. Neinstedt 359. Neisse 257. — , the 257. 224. 232. 247. Nendza 258. Nenndorf 81. Nennhausen 82. Netze, the 208. Netzthal 208. Netzschkau 318. Neu-Babelsberg 68. Neubrandenburg 170. Neu-Dietendorf 323. Neudorf (Silesia) 256. Neuencamp 200. Neuenhagen 208. Neuenheerse 125. Neuenkirchen 202, 400 INDEX. Neuenmarkt 319. Neue Schenke, the 365. Neufahr 214. Neufahrwasser 214. Neuf anger Zechenhaus 377. Neu-Gattersleben 354. Neuhaus 345. 346. 249. Neuhauser 220. Neuhof 383. Neu-Jannowitz 241. Neukirchen 383. Neu-Kunersdorf 223. Neukuren 221. Neumark 318. Neumark t 225. Neu-Mucran 200. Neumuhle 318. Neumiihlen 153. 158. Neumiinster 156. Neurode 249. Neu-Salzbrunn 252. Neuschanz 137. Neuses 343. Neustadt on the Dossel95. — (Hanover) 130. Harzburg 373. — (Holstein) 176. — (Hessen) 378. — unter’in Hohnstein 369. Magdeburg 89. — on the Mettau 253. — on the Orla 320. — on the Saale 339. — (Saxon Switzerland) 293. NeustadterBucht,the 178. Neu-Stettin 208. Neu-Strelitz 196. Neuwelt 239. Neuwerk, island 154. Neuzelle 224. St. Nicolai 298. Nieblum 163. Nidda 380. Nidden 221. Nieder-Adersbach 245. Niederau 299. Nieder-Bobritzsch 295. Nieder-Fullbach 340. Niedergrund 289. 290. Niederhone 382. Nieder-Langenau 254. Nieder-Marsberg 85. Niederndodeleben 83. 86. Niederneukirch 260. 293. Niederpollnitz 319. Niederrohrbach 241. Niedersachswerfen 358. Nieder-Schlema 298. Niedersedlitz 288. Nieder-Wiesa 297. Nienburg 130. Nienstadten 153. Nikrisch 234. Nimbschen 302. Nimkau 225. Nipmerow 202. Nodems 221. Nogat, the 215. Nonnenklunzen, the 247. Norddeich, the 138. Norden 138. Nordenhamm 140. Norderney 138. Nordhastedt 162. Nordhausen 356. Nordschlesw.Weichel60. Nordstemmen 103. Nordstrand 162. Norkitten 221. Norm ee ns dal 193. Normannstein 382. Norten 103. Northeim 103. Nortorf 158. Noscherode 375. Nosse, the 132. Nossen 301. Niibel-Noor, the 160. Nuttlar 85. Nyborg 177. Nykjobing 179. Oberberg, the 257. Ober-Cunnetsdorf 259. Oberhausen 75. Oberhof 353. 347. Oberhohenelbe 245. Oberkotzau 319. Oberlichtenau 299. Ober-Marsberg 85. Oberneukirch 260. Oberneuland 137. Obernjesa 381. Oberoderwitz 260. Ober-Roblingen 354. Oberrottenbach 345. Ober-Schmiedeberg 243. Ober-Schonau 353. Ober-Schulenberg 372. Ober-Tannhausen 249. Ober-Weimar 330. Oberweissbach 345. Oberwiesenthal 297. Ocholt 142. Ochsenkopf, the 249. Odense 177. Oder , the 204. 258. 358. 377. 226. 3i ra List of the Principal Streets, Public Buildings, etc., in the Plan of Berlin. The large Plan of Berlin, on the scale of 1 : 14,000, is divided into three sections , of wliich the uppermost is distinguished hy a black , the central hy a white (or colourless), and the lowest by a red border. In the accompanying index the letters &, w, r reter to these sections, while the capital letters and numbers indicate the square of the section in which the place in question is to be found . Thus the Alexander- Platz will be found on the section bordered white, column M, first square from the top. The squares will also be useful for calculating distances, each side of a square being exactly half a kilometre or about 3/ 10 of a mile, while the diagonals if drawn would be 760 yds. The letters immediately following the names of the streets refer to the Postal Districts (G, central; W, West; 0, Ost, East, etc.). Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Deputies) Academy. Ackerstr. A. Adalbertstr. S.O. . . . Adlerstr. G Admiralty Albr echtshof erbrucke . Albrechtstr. A. W-. . . Alexander-Platz. G. — , Kleine. G. 102-128 S. W.) . • Alsenbriicke .... Alt-Moabit Alvenslebenstr. W. Amalienstr. C. . . . Anatomie Andreasstr. 0. . . . Angermiinderstr. A. Anhaltstr. S. W. . . Anklamerstr. A. . . 44 8.) Aquarium Architekten- V er einsha (Architects’’ Union) Arcona-Platz. A. K 3 K 3 J 2 N 4 K 3 H 4 N 2 M3 i . M 4 H 1 M 1 M 1 D 1 L 4 G 1 E 1 K 2 ! M4 . H 4 . L 3 0 3 E 3 ! K 2 14 HI s H 2 E 2 ! K 2 H h i Arsenal Artilleriestr. A Askanischer-Platz. S W. Augustabrucke Auguststr. A. (Aos. 28- 59 G.) — , Kleine, C. . . . J 4 K 2 J 1 H 1 G 1 J 4 K 4 Badbriicke .... Bahnhofstr. S. W. Bandelstr. A. W. . Barnimstr. AO. . Barracks: 2. Garde Reg. zu Fuss Kaiser Alexand. Garde Grenad-Reg. No. 1 Kaiser Franz - Garde- Grenad.-Reg. No. 2 Garde-Fiisilier-Reg. . 3. Garde-Reg. zu Fuss Garde-Schiitzen-Bat. . Gardes du Corps . . . Garde-Ciirassier-Reg. . 1. Garde-Dragoner-Reg. 2. Garde-Ulanen-Reg. . 2.Garde-Dragoner-Reg. Garde-Feld-Artillerie . Garde-Pionier-Bat. . . Garde-Train - Bataillon Brandenb. Train - Bat. No. 3 D 4 N 4 < M3 H 1 M 4 1 ri M 1 G 2 J 2 E 4 ] D3 L 3 P 1 P 1 > 'K2 J 3 L K 4 L P 1 02 O 2 2 LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL STREETS Bartelstr. G. Barutherstr. S. W. . . Bau-Academie .... Bauhofstr. N. W. . . . Behrenstr. W. . . . . B elle-Alliance-Briicke Plata S.W. . . Belle- Alliancestr. S. W. . Bellevue, Chateau N. W. Bellevuestr. W. .... Bendlerstr. W Berg-Academie Bergmannstr. S. W. (Nos. 26-75 S.) Bergstr. N Bernauerstr. N. . . . . Bernburgerstr. S. W. . . Besselstr. S. W Bethanien Beuthstr. S. W Bibliothek ( Royal Li- brary) Birkenstr. N.W. . . . . Bischofstr. G Blumenstr. 0 Blumenthalstr. W. . . . Blumeshof W Bockhstr. S.O Borse (Exchange) . . . Borsig’s Engine Factory Borsigstr. N. Botanic Garden, Royal . Boyenstr. N Brandenburger Thor . . Brandenburgst.r. S. . . . Brauhausstr. C Breitestr. G. Bremerstr. N.W Breslauerstr. 0 Britzerstr. S.O Brombergerstr. 0. . . . Brucken-Allee N.W. . . Briickenstr. S.O Briiderstr. G. Brunnenstr. N Buchenstr. W. .... . Bukowerstr. S Biilowstr. W. Burggrafenstr. W. . . . Burgstr. G Biischingstr. N.O. . . . Cantian-Platz G Central Hotel Central-Turnanstalt. . . Chamber of Deputies. . Chancellor’s Office . . . Charite Charlottenstr. ( 1-22 & 72 99 S. W., 23-38 £4:6-71 W,, 39-45 N.W.) M 4 Chausseestr. N. .... H 3 J 3 Chorinerstr. N. L 3 K 2 Christinenstr. N L 3 J 2 Churches : H 3 St. Andrew 0 4 J 2 St. Bartholomew . . . N 4 J 2 Cathedral or Dom . . K 2 J 4 Dorotheenstadt .... H 2 D 2 Dreifaltigkeits-Kirche . J 3 G 4 French J 3 F 4 Garrison L 1 Gr 3 K 2 St. George M 1 St.Hedwig (Rom.Cath.) K 2 J 4 Heiliggeist-Kirche . . L 1 J 3 Jacobi-Kirche .... J 2 Jerusalem K 4 G 1 St. John D 4 D 1 J 1 Kloster-Kirche .... M2 N 1 St. Luke K 4 Luisen-Kirche .... L* 4 St. Mark 0 1 J 2 Marien-Kirche . . . . L 1 B 3 St. Matthew F 4 L 2 St. Michael(Rom.Cath.) N 4 N 2 New J 3 F 2 St. Nicholas L 2 F 1 Parochial M2 M3 St. Peter L 3 K 1 Sophien-Kirche . . . K 4 J 4 D 1 St. Thomas J 3 Trinity J 3 E 3 Werder K 2 F* 2 Zions-Kirche L 2 G 2 Zwolf Apostel Kirche L 2 (Twelve Apostles) . L 2 Commandant’s Residence L 2 Corneliusbriicke . . . . D 4 B 4 Corneliusstr. W . . . . D 4 0 3 Criminal-Justiz-Amt . . D 4 D 1 M2 Cuvrystr. S.O Q 4 C 2 Dalldorferstr. N. . . . . G 1 N 3 Demminerstr. N K 1 L 3 Dennewitzstr. W. ... . K 2 Derfflingerstr. W. . . . E 1 Dessauerstr. S. W. ... M 1 Dieffenbachstr. S.O. . . E 2 Diet, Hall of the Imp. . H 4 C 1 Donhoffs-Platz K 4 K 1 Dorotheenstr. N.W. . . K 2 0 4 0 1 Dragonerstr. G L 4 Dresdenerstr. S.O. Nos. K 1 21-118 S.) M 4 J 2 Dreysestr. N.W. . . . . D 4 G 3 K 3 Ebertsbriicke J 1 H 3 Eichendorffstr. N. . . . J 3 G4 G 1 Eichhornstr. IF. . . . . G 4 Eisenbahnstr. S.O .. . . Eiserne Briicke K 2 J 3 Elbingerstr. N. 0. .. . . P 3 1 L 1 H 1 O 1 E 2 Gr 1 P 3 F 2 E 1 Gr 1 M 3 P 1 IN THE PLAN OF BERLIN. 3 b w r b w r Elisabethkirchstr. N. . . K 3 Georgenkirchstr. N.O. . N4 N 1 Elisabethstr. N.O. . . . N 1 Georgenstr. N.W. ... J 2 Elisabeth-Ufer S.O. . . M 2 Gertraudtenbriicke . . . L 3 Elsasserstr. N. J 4 Gertraudtenstr. C. . . . L 3 Embassies : Gewerbe-Akademie. . . M 2 France H 2 Museum H 4 Great Britain .... H 3 Gipsstr. C K 4 Russia H 2 Gitschinerstr. S. W. ( 19 - Engel-Ufer. S.O N 1 84 S.) K 2 Engineers, Office of the D 1 Gneisenaustr. S. W. . . . J 4 Enke-Platz S. W. . . . . J 1 Gobenstr. W F 3 Exchange K 1 Gollnowstr. N.O N 4 N 1 Exhibition of the Preuss. Gorlitzerstr. S.O. ... P 2 Kunstverein J 2 Gorlitzer Ufer. S.O. . . Q 3 Exhibition of the Berl. Gormannstr. 0. .... L 4 Kunstler K 4 Grafestr. S M 4 Exhibition, Temporary . K 1 Greifswalderstr. N. 0. . 0 3 Grenadierstr. C L 4 Fehrbellinerstr. N. . . . L 3 Grenzstr. N. G 1 Feilnerstr. S.W. ... . K 1 Griebenowstr. N. ... L 2 Feldstr. N. H 2 M 3 Fennstr. N. E 2 Grossbeerenbriicke . . . H 2 Fichtestr. S M 4 Grossbeerenstr. S. W. . H 3 Fischerbriicke. C. . . . L 3 Gross-Gorschenstr. W. . F 4 Fischerstr. C L 3 Griiner Weg. 0. . . . 0 2 Fliederstr. N.O N 4 Griinstr. C. L 3 Flottwellstr. W G 2 — , Neue, C L 4 Forsterstr. S.O 0 3 Grunstrassenbriicke . L 3 Frankfurter Allee. 0. . Q2 Guard House, Royal . K 2 Frankfurterstr., Grosse, Gubenerstr. 0 Q 3 0. ( 33-103 N.O.) . . . 0 2 — , Kleine, N.O N 1 Hackescher-Markt. C. K 1 Franseckistr. N. ... . M 2 Hafen-Platz S. W. . . G 1 Franzosischestr. W. . . J 3 Hagelsbergerstr. S. W. H 4 Franzstr. S.O M 4 Halleschestr. S. W. . . H 2 Friedenstr. N.O N4 P 1 Hallesches IJfer. S. W. G 2 Friedrichsbriicke .... K 1 Hamburgerstr., Gr. & K Friedrichsfelderstr. 0. . P 3 N. K 4 Friedrichsgracht. C. . . L 3 M 4 Friedrichshain. N.O. P 4 Hauptpostamt .... L 2 Friedrichstr. 1-55 dt 200- Hausvoigtei-Platz. C. . K 3 251 S. W . , 56-85a & 15 7- Hedemannstr. S. W. . J 1 199 W., 87 -10 4a & 137 Hegel-Platz. N.W. . . J 2 156 N.W. ,105-136 N.) J 4 J 3 J1 Heidestr. N.W. . . . . F 3 — , Neue C L 1 Heiligegeiststr. C. . . L 2 Friedr. -Wilhelmstr. W. D 4 Heinelshof. N.O. . . . O 2 Frobenstr. W E 2 Heinersdorferstr. N. 0. N 3 Fruchtstr. 0 P 3 Heinrichs-Platz. S.O. 1ST 2 Fiirbringerstr. S. W. . K 3 Herknlesbriicke . . . K 1 Fiirstenstr. S M2 Hermsdorferstr. N. . . H 1 Fiisilierstr. C M 4 Herrenhaus H 4 Heydtbriicke, Vor der E 1 G-artenstr. N. .... H 2 Heydtstr., Vor der, W. D 4 General-Postamt . . . J 4 Hindersinstr. N. IF. . . G 1 Generalstab (General Hirtenstr. C M* 4 Staff) F 1 Hitzigstr. W D 4 Gensdarmen-Markt. W. J 3 Hochmeisterstr. N. . M2 Genthinerstr. W. . . . E 1 Hochstr. N. G 1 Geolog. Landes - Anstal — , Neue. N. G 1 (Geolog. Institute) . G 3 Hochstestr. N.O. . . . 0 4 0 1 Georgenkirch-Platz. C. |M 1 Hofjager-Allee .... D 3 ii 4 LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL STREETS b w r b w Hobenzollernstr. W . . . E 4 Kollniscbestr. C. ... . L 3 Holier Steinweg. G. . . L 2 Kommandantenstr. 8. W. Hollmannstr. 8. W. . . . K 1 (23-66 8.) K 4 Holzgartenstr. C. . . . . K 3 Kommandantur (Com- Holzmarktstr. 0. ... N 3 mandant’s Residence) . Hornstr. 8. W. H 3 Koniggratzerstr. W. (25- Hospital, Town .... P 4 P 1 120) S.W. G 4 : Humboldts-Hafen .... G 4 Konigin-Augustastr. W. E 4 Humboldtsbain. N. . . H 1 Konigsbergerstr. 0. . . Q 3 Konigsbriicke Ml Jacob ikircbstr. 8. . . . L 1 Konigsgraben, Am. C. . M 1 Jacobstr., Alte. S.W. (45- Konigsmauer, An der. C. L 1 102 8.) L 4 K 1 Konigs-Platz. N.W. . . G 2 — , Neue. S M3 Konigstr. C L 2 Jagerstr. W. J 3 — , Neue. N.O N4 M 1 — , Kleine. G K 3 Konigswacbe K 2 Jannowitz-Briicke, An der N3 Kopnickerbriicke. . . . 0 4 Jerusalemerstr. 8. W.(14- Kopnickerstr. 8.0. . . . N 4 35 G.) K 4 Koppen-Platz. G K 4 Ifflandstr. 0 K 2 Koppenstr. 0 P 3 Industrial Academy . . M2 Kornerstr. W. — , Museum H 4 Kotbenerstr. W. ... . Ingenieur-Dienstgebaude D 1 Kottbuserbriicke .... Inselbriicke. C M3 Kottbuserstr. 8.0. . . . Inselstr. 8 M3 Kottbus erufer. 8.0. (46- Invalidenbaus G 3 65 8.) Invalidenpark G 3 Krankenbaus, Stadt. . . P 4 P 1 Invalidenstr. N. (18-96 Krausenstr. IF. (21-53 N.W .) J 3 S.W.) J 4 Joacbimstr. G K 4 Krausnickstr. N. ... . K 4 Jobannestisch. S. W. . . K 3 Krautstr. 0 0 3 Jobannisstr. N J 1 Kreuzberg Jobanniterstr. S. W. . . K 3 Kreuzbergstr. 8. W. Josefstr. 8.0 N4 Kreuzstr. C K 3 Jiidenstr. C. M2 Kriegs-Akademie (Royal Jungfernbriicke . . . . K 3 Military Academy) . . L 2 Junkerstr. 8. W K 1 Kroll’s Establishment . F 2 Kronenstr. IF. J 3 Kaiser Franz-Grenadier- Kronprinzen-Ufer. N. W. F 2 Platz. 8.0 M 4 Kunstausstellung des Kaiser-Gallerie. IF. . . J 2 Preuss. Kunstvereins . J 2 Kaiserbof H 3 — der Berl. Kiinstler. . K 4 Kaiserin- Augustastr. W. D 4 Kunstausstellungs- Kaiserstr. N.O Ml gebaude, Provisor. . . K 1 Kammergericbt . . . . K 1 Kupfergraben, Am. N. . J 1 Kanonierstr. W J 3 Kurassierstr. 8. W. . . . L 4 Karlsbad, Auf dem. W. . F 1 Kurfiirstenbrucke . . . L 2 Karlstr. N.W HI Kurfurstenstr. IF. . . . Kastanien-Allee. N. . . L 2 Kurstr. C K 3 Katharinenstr. N.O. . . N 1 Kurzestr. G M 1 Kavalierbriicke L 2 Kiistriner-Platz. 8. P 3 Keibelstr. N.O M 1 Kesselstr. N. G 3 Lagerbaus M 2 Kielerstr. N. F 2 Landgrafenstr. IF. . . . Kirclistr. N.W. . . . . D 1 Landsberger Allee. N.O. Q4 Kleinbeerenstr. 8. W. . . H 2 Landsberger-Platz. N.O. P 1 Klosterstr. 0 L* 1 Landsbergerstr. N.O. . . N 1 Koblanckstr. 0 M'4 Landwebrstr. N.O. . . . N 1 Kocbstr. S. W J 4 Lange Briicke Ij 2 Kollniscber Fiscbmarkt Langestr. 0 0 3 C L 3 Lankwitzstr. 8. W. . . . IN THE PLAN OF BERLIN. b w r b w r Lausitzer-Platz. S.O. . . 0 2 Mining Institute .... G 3 K2 Lausitzerstr. S.O. ... 0 3 Ministerial Offices : Lebrterstr. N. W. . . . E 4 Auswartiges Amt Leipziger-Platz. W. . . Gr 4 (Foreign Office) . . H 3 Leipzigerstr. W. (Nos. 43- Finanz (Finance) . . K 2 89. SW.)\ a 4 Cultus (Religion and — , Alte. C K 3 \ Education) H 2 Lennestr. W Gr 3 \ Handel (Trade) . . . H 3 Library, Royal J 2 des KoniglicbenHauses Lichtenbergerstr. N.O. . 0 1 (Royal Household) . H 3 Licbtensteinbriicke . . . C 4 f des Innern ( Home Licbterfelderstr. S. W. . H 4 Office) H 2 Liesenstr. N. Gr 2 Justiz (Justice) . . . H 3 Linden, Unter denCAos. 1- Krieg (War) H 4 37 W., 38-78 N.W.) . . J 2 Marine (Navy) .... H 4 Lindenstr. S. W. .... K 1 Staats-Amt H 2 Lindowerstr. N. .... F 1 Mint, Royal K 3 Linienstr. (Nos. l-lOct&i Mittelstr. N.W. .... H 2 241-250 N.O. , 11-105 & Mittenwalderstr. S. W. . K 4 161-240 C., 106-160 N.) L 4 Moabit Bridge D 1 Linkstr. W G 1 Mockernbriicke II 2 Lotbringerstr. N. ... L 3 Mockernstr. S. W. ... II 2 Lottumstr. N. L 3 Mobrenstr. IF Luckauerstr. S. . . . Ml Molkenmarkt. C L 2 Luckenwalderstr. S. W. G 2 Moltkebriicke F 1 Liibbenerstr. S.O. . . P 2 Moltkestr. N.W G 1 Liitzow-Platz. W. . . D 1 Monbijou, Palace of . . K 1 Liitzowstr. W. ... . E 1 Montbijou-Platz. N. . . K 1 Liitzow-TJfer. W. . . . D 4 E 1 Monuments : Luisen-Platz. N. W. Gr 4 Frederick tbe Great . J 2 Luisenstr. N.W. ... H 4 H 1 Frederick William III. F 3 Luisen-Ufer. S M 2 , equest. statue K 2 Lustgarten, Am. C. . K 2 Great Elector . . . . L 2 Generals of Fred, tbe Magazinstr. 0 N2 Great H 3 Magdeburger-Platz. W. E 1 of 1813-15 K 2 Magdeburgerstr. W. . E 1 Beutb, Scbinkel, Tbaer K 2 Manteuffelstr. S.O. . . 0 2 Scbiller Margarethenstr. W. F 4 Count Brandenburg . H 4 Mariannen-Platz. S.O. 0 1 National Mon., 1813-15 II 4 Mariannenstr. S.O. . . N2 , 1848-49 G 3 Mariendorferstr. S. W. J 4 Siegesdenkmal(Victory Marienstr. N.W. . . . HI Mon.), 1864-71 . . . G 2 Markgrafenstr. S. W. (31 Stein K 4 64 W.) J 3 Friedenssaule (Column Mark. Provinz.- Museum M 2 of Peace) J 2 Markthallenstr. N.W. H 1 Moritzstr. S L 2 Markusstr. 0 0 2 Miiblendamm. C. . . . L 3, Marscballsbriicke . . . H 2 Miiblenstr. 0 P 4 Mar stall (Royal Stables' L 2 Mulackstr. C L*4 Mathieustr. S L 1 Mullers tr. N. F 1 Mattbaikircbstr. W. . F 4 Miincbebergerstr. 0. . . P 3 Mauerstr. W. .... H 3 Miinze (Royal Mint) . . K 3 Mehlbrucke Munzstr. 0 L*4 Mebnerstr. N.O. . . . N 1 Museum, New K 1 Melcbiorstr. S.O. . . . N 4 , Old K 2 Memelerstr. 0 Q 3 Muskauerstr. S.O. . . . 0 1 Metzerstr. N. .... M 3 Micbaelkircb-Platz. S.O N4 Naunynstr. S.O N 1 Micbaelkircbstr. S.O. . N 4 National Gallery . . . . K 1 Military Academy . . L 2 Neanderstr. S.O M 4 6 LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL STREETS b w r b w r Neuenburgerstr. S. W. . K 2 Potsdamer-Platz. W. . . G 4 Neue Promenade. G. . . K 1 Potsdamerstr. W. . . . G 4 E 3 Reuer Markt. G. ... . L 1 Prasidentenstr., Gr. & Kl. Neu-Kolln am Wasser. S. M 3 G K 1 Neustadt. Kirchstr. N. W. H 2 Preuzlauer Allee. N. . . N 3 Niederlagstr. W. ... . K 2 Prenzlauerstr. G. . . . M 1 Riederwallstr. C. . . . K 3 Prinzenstr. S L 2 Nostizstr. S. W. .... J 4 Prinzessinnenstr. JS. . . Prison (Cellular) . . . . F*4 M 1 Oberbaumbriicke .... Qi — (on the Plotzensee) . A 1 L 2 Oberwallstr. W. ... . K 2 Probststr. G Oberwasserstr. C. . . . K 3 Provincial Museum . . . M2 Observatory j l Piicklerstr. S.O 0 1 Oderbergerstr. N. . . . L 1 Puttkamerstr. S.W. . . J 1 Oppelnerstr. S.O. . . . Oranienbriicke P 2 M 1 Raczynski’s Picture Gal- G 2 Oranienbnrgerstr. N. J 4 K 1 lery Oranienstr. (1-4=1 & 165a- Railway Stations (comp. 206 S.O . , 42-79 & 129- P-1) H 1 165 80-128. S.W.). L 1 Anhalt Dresden Frankfort P 3 G 2 Packbof K 1 Gorlitz P 2 Palace , Royal. C. . . . K 2 Hamburg G 4 — of the Emperor . . . J 2 Lehrte F 1 — of the Crown Prince. K 2 Ostbahnhof Q 3 — of Prince Albrecht. . H 4 H 1 Potsdam G 4 — of Princes Alexander Stettin Id 3 & George H 3 Rathenowerstr. N. W. . D 3 — of Prince Carl. . . . H 3 Rathhaus (Town Hall) . L 2 — of the Chancellor . . H 3 Rathhausstr. G L 2 Pallisadenstr. N.O. (37- Rauchstr. W. C 4 79 0.) 0 1 Raupachstr. 0 N 3 Papenstr. G L 1 Ravene's Picture Gallery L 3 Pariser-Platz ( 1-4 W., 5-8 Regentenstr. W F 4 M2 N.W.) H 2 Reichenbergerstr. S.O. . Parochialstr. G. ... . M 2 Reichsbank K 3 Passage. IF J 2 Reichskanzleramt (Chan- H 3 Paulstr. N.W. E 1 cellor’s Office) .... Perlebergerstr. N.W. . . C 3 Reichstagsgebaude (Imp. H 4 Petri-Platz. G Diet) Petristr. G L 3 Ressource H 2 Philippstr. N.W. . . . . H 4 Rheinsbergerstr. N. . . K 2 K 1 Physiological & Physical Ritterstr. S. (3 8-83 S. W.) L* 1 Institutes H 2 Rochstr. C Pillauerstr. 0 Q 3 Roonstr. N.W. G 1 Pionierstr. JS. (1-125 & Rosenstr. G L 1 15a-22 JS.W.) . . . . K 3 Rosenthalerstr. G. . . . L 4 Plan-Ufer. (1-34 JS. IF., Rossstr. G L 3 35-95 JS.) K 3 — , Neue. S M 3 Platz am HalleschenThor Rossstrassenbrucke . . . L 3 JS.W. J 2 Riidersdorferstr. 0. . . P 3 — am Opernhause. G. . — vor dem Neuen Thor K 2 Ruppinerstr. N. .... Kl N.W. G- 4 Saarbriickerstr. N. . . . M 3 Polizei-Prasidium (Police Schadowstr. N.W. . . . II 2 Office) L 3 Scharnhorststr. N. W.(12- F 2 Posenerstr. 0 Q 2 26 N.) L 3 Post Office L 2 Scharrenstr. G G 1 Poststr. G L 2 Schellingstr. IF. ... . . G1 Potsdamer-Brucke . . . F 1 Schiffbauerdamm. N. W. IN THE PLAN OF BERLIN 7 b w r b w r Schiller-Platz. W. . . . J 3 Stralauerstr. C M 2 Schillings-Briicke, An der 0 4 Stralsunderstr. N. . . . J 2 Schillingstr. 0 N2 Strasburgerstr. N. . . . M 4 Schillstr. W. D 1 Straussbergerstr. N.O. . 0 2 Schinkel-Platz. W. . . . K 2 Strelitzerstr. N. .... J 2 Schlegelstr. N. H 3 Stromstr. N.W. . . . . C 4 C 1 Schlesischestr. S .0. . . Q2 Stulerstr. W. C 4 Schleuse, An der. C. . . K 3 Swinemiinderstr. N. . . K 1 Schleusenbriicke .... K 2 Synagogue, New .... J 4 Schloss (Royal Palace). C. K 2 Schlossbriicke K 2 Tattersall’s H 2 Scblossfreiheit. C. . . . K 2 Taubenstr. W. Scbloss-Platz. C L 2 Telegraph Office .... K3 Scbmidstr. S.O M 4 Teltowerstr. S. W. ... Schoneberger Briicke. . G 1 Tempelherrenstr. S. W. . Scbonebergerstr. S. W. . G 1 Tempelhofer Berg. S. W. Schoneberger Ufer. W. (1- — Ufer. S. W. 4. S. W.) F 1 Templinerstr. N. . . . . L 3 Schonhauser Allee. N. . M 3 Theatres : Schonhauserstr., Alte. C. L 4 Opera K 2 — , Neue. G. L 4 Schauspielhaus, Kgl. . J 3 Schonholzerstr. jV. . . . K 2 Friedr. -Wilhelmstadt. H 1 Schonleinstr. S N4 Wallner N 3 Scbulzendorferstr. N. . G 1 Victoria M 4 51 1 Scbumannstr. N.W. . . H 1 Wilhelm(W oltersdorf) H 3 Schiitzenstr. S. W. . . . J 4 Residenz N 2 — , Alte. C M 1 National L 3 Scbwedterstr. N. ... L 2 Belle-Alliance . . . . Schwerinstr. W. ... . E 2 Ostend P*2 Sebastianstr. S M 4 Thierarzneischule( V eter- Seestr. N. A* 2 inary School) H 4 H 1 Sellerstr. N F 2 Thiergartenstr. W. . . . E 4 Seydelstr. G L 4 Thiergarten-TJfer. W. C 4 Sieges-Allee G 3 Thurmstr. N. W. . . . . C 4 Sigismnndstr. W. . . . F 4 Tieckstr. N. H 4 Simeonstr. S. W. . . . . K 1 Torfstr. N. D 1 Singing Academy . . . K 2 Town Hall L 2 Skalitzerstr. S.O. . . . N 2 Trebbinerstr. S. W. . . . Solmsstr. &W J 4 Treptower Briicke . . . Sommerstr. N.W. . . . G2 Treskowstr. N. .... N 2 Sophienstr. C K 4 Turnhalle ( Gymnastic Sorauerstr. S.O P 2 Institute) M 4 SpandauerBriicke,Ander L 1 Spandauerstr. C L 1 Ulanenstr. N.W. . . . . F 1 Spittelmarkt. C L 3 Ulmenstr. W. Spreestr. C L 3 University J 2 Stables, Royal L 2 Universitatstr. N.W. . . J 2 Stallschreiberstr. S. . . L 4 Unterbaumstr. N.W. . . G 1 Stallstr. N. J 1 Unterwasserstr. C. . . . K 3 Stechbahn. C. K 2 Urban, Am. S Steglitzerstr. W. . . . . F 2 Urbanstr. S Steinmetzstr. W. . . . . E 3 Steinstr. C L 4 Veteranenstr. N.O. .. . K 3 Stendalerstr. N.W. . . . C 3 Veterinary College . . . H 4 H 1 Stern, Grosser D 3 Victoriastr. W. F 4 — , Kleiner E 3 Viehof. N. J 1 Sternwarte (Observatory) J 1 Vineta-Platz. N. ... . K 1 Strafgefangniss (Prison Vossstr. W. H 3 on the Plotzensee) . . A 1 Stralauer Briicke, An der M 3 Wadzeckstr. N.O. . . . M 4 Stralauer-Platz. 0. . . . 0 4 Waisenbriicke M3 8 LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL STREETS. Waldemarstr. S.O. . . Waldstr. N.W Wallner-Tbeaterstr. 0. Wallstr. G. (28-81 S.) Warscbauerstr. C. . . Wartenburgstr. S. W. S.W.) Wassmannstr. N.O. . Waterloo-TJfer. S. W. . Weberstr. N.O. . . . Wedding-Platz. N. . . W eidendammer-Bruck< Weinbergsweg. N. . . Weinmeisterstr. G. . . Weinstr. N.O Weiss enburgerstr. N. Werftstr. N.W. . . . Weydingerstr. G. . . Wicbmannstr. W. . Wienerstr. S.O. . . Wiesenstr. N. . . . Wilbelmsbobe S.W. Wilhelms-Platz W. Wilbelmstr.$. W.(40~. W.) — , li^ene. N.W. . • b w r N 1 B 3 N 2 L 3 Q1 H 3 L 2 N 1 K 2 o’l FI J 1 ! L* 3 , L 4 . 0 4 N 1 . M 2 K2 E 1 . M 4 0 1 0 2 ’. H 1 7 h" a H 4 1 J 1 H 5 > Wilhelms-Ufer. N.W. . Wilsnackerstr. N. W. . . Wittenberg-Platz. W. . Wollinerstr. N. . . . . Wortber-Platz. N. . . . Wortherstr. N. . . . . Wrangelstr. S.O Yorkstr. S. W. Zebdenickerstr. N. . . Zellengefangniss . . . Zelten, Hinter den. N. W — , In den. N.W. Zeugbaus (Royal Arse nal) Zeugbaus, Am. G. . . — , Hinter dem. C, , . Zeugbofstr. S.O. . . . Ziegelstr. N. Zieten-Platz, Am. W. Zimmerstr. S. W. . . • Zionskirch-Platz. N. . Zionskircbstr. N. . . Zoological Garden . . Zossenerstr. S. W. . . Zwillingsbriicke. . . G D K 1 M 2 2 G 1 C 1 O 1 H 3 E 2 F 2 K 2 H 2 K2 J 1 H 3 J 4 P 1 B 1 K 4 Leipsic: Printed by Breitkopf & Hartel. Schlos.su p lbs. -q^gtet >t iii iGctrte i Geograph. AnslaJt. 1: M.120 d.N. V _ Caurbt ' jd t K \H ' ISIS PS? ■'^y^4 ■^ZJZSL^ ^cy wQ., / ' 'V, i / # > 5\ \ m . \j£ p L; , 'fpb Q LEIPSIC : KARL BAEDEKER.